Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) Part 2

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC. MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2 EXPERIMENTAL COLLECTIVE TASKS FOR THE INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON AND SQUAD IN URBAN COMBAT

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OMEGA Training Group, Inc.

MOUT ACTD MOUT ACTD PROGRAM HANDBOOK #2 EXPERIMENTAL COLLECTIVE TASKS FOR THE INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON AND SQUAD IN URBAN COMBAT SUBMITTED TO: U.S. ARMY Distribution authorized to Department of Defense (DOD) and DOD contractors only. Reason: To protect technical or operational data or information. Other requests for this document shall be referred to Project Manager Destruction Notice: Destroy by any method that will prevent disclosure of contents or reconstruction of this document. NOTE: THIS DOCUMENT IS NOT OFFICIAL US ARMY DOCTRINE. IT IS A TRAINING PRODUCT FOR EXPERIMENTAL PURPOSES ONLY 1 APRIL 1999 OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC. Copyright  1999 -UNPUBLISHED WORKThis material may be reproduced by or for the U.S. Government pursuant to the Copyright License under the clause at DFARS 252.227.7013 (OCT 1988)

VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999

OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC. MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2 EXPERIMENTAL COLLECTIVE TASKS FOR THE INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON AND SQUAD IN URBAN COMBAT _____________________________________________________________________________

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INTRODUCTION The purpose of this introduction is to provide a brief background explanation of the front-end analysis process. This process has led to the rewrite of selected collective tasks and to the creation of additional collective tasks. This Introduction also explains the technology insertion aspects of this document and the format. This document is for use as a training product for the Military Operations on Urbanized Terrain Advanced Concept Technology Demonstration (MOUT ACTD) experimentation only. These proposed tasks are not meant to replace anything in ARTEP 7-8-MTP but to augment it with specific information for urban combat. The collective tasks presented in this document are a result of a review of the current ARTEP 7-8-MTP and the most recent version of the MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad in Urban Combat, as well as tactics, techniques, and procedures gleaned from many other sources. There are other areas in ARTEP 7-8-MTP which might be changed to accommodate more MOUT information. This draft only addresses T&EOs to be revised or added for use during combat in urban areas. Additionally, this product has taken into account the customer feedback received and technology insertion information from Army Experiments #1 through #5 and from USMC Experiments #1 through #3. Army Experiment #6 and USMC Experiment #4 technology information has been incorporated in this document where appropriate. This document is designed to be a reference/resource for base line MOUT information for the MOUT ACTD experimentation for Army Experiment #6, where it is envisioned that the technology will have military utility. A description of the information provided for each technology used to date during the ACTD is included at Appendix A. Note that all appendices are provided under separate cover and are not included in the basic document. The information provided for each technology was the basis for inclusion throughout this text. The format we used to distinguish the addition of technology insertion information to separate it from base line TTP was to place a text box with the information in the appropriate paragraph throughout the document.

Example: R8, Remote Marking Munitions: Remote-marking munitions (shotgun and M203) could be used to mark known or suspected enemy sniper positions/locations. The results of the technology selections from the experimentation to date are also included at Appendix A along with a list of sample technology insertions. _____________________________________________________________________________ iii VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


A list of the technology insertions in this document by page number is located at Appendix B. Writing collective tasks for urban combat is a continuing process. There will be several iterations. The paper/electronic files are numbered by version. This is Version 7; produced for Army Experiment #6 after including observations from Army Experiments #1 through #5. This document will be adjusted for each experiment based on: a. The feedback from the soldiers conducting the experiment. b. The feedback from the customers (DBBL, DOT, CATD). c. The observations of the Omega personnel in the field observing the experiments. These observations are included in bullet format at Appendix C. This document has been closely coordinated with the Omega Training Group personnel writing similar training products for the Marine Warfighting Lab at Camp Lejeune, so the experimental doctrine/TTPs included are suitable for Joint Operations with the Marine Corps .

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CONTENTS Page Introduction

...................................................................................................... iii

Preface

...................................................................................................... ix

TRAINING AND EVALUATION OUTLINES REWRITTEN TASKS These tasks were the only MOUT-specific tasks in the current ARTEP 7-8-MTP and were revised based upon MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Experimental Doctrine for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad. •

7-3/4-1110

ASSAULT A BUILDING (PLT).................................................

•

7-3/4-1118

DEFEND A BUILDING (PLT/SQD).......................................... 14

•

7-3/4-1134

MOVE TACTICALLY (PLT/SQD) (URBAN ENVIRONMENT PORTION ONLY) ........................ 31

1

NEW TASKS These tasks are new tasks that were developed based upon MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Experimental Doctrine for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad. •

7-3/4-XXX2

CLEAR A ROOM (SQD) ............................................................ 44

•

7-3/4-XXX4

CONDUCT MOVEMENT THROUGH A HALLWAY OR SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGEWAY (SQD) ....................... 54

•

7-3/4-XXX6

CLEAR A STAIRCASE (SQD) .................................................. 62

•

7-3/4-XXX7

ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN A BUILDING (SQD).............................................................. 70

•

7-3/4-XXX9

CONDUCT SUBTERRANEAN CLEARING OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).......................... 83

•

7-3/4-XX15

CONDUCT DEFENSIVE SUBTERRANEAN OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).......................... 90

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•

7-3/4-XX10

REACT TO SNIPER IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD)...................................................................................106

•

7-3/4-XX11

MOVE TACTICALLY IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD)...................................................................................111

•

7-3/4-XX12

PERFORM ACTIONS AT AND CROSS A DANGER AREA IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD)..........................119

•

7-3/4-XX13

HANDLE NONCOOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTS DURING OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).....................................................128

•

7-3/4-XX14

EVACUATE COOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTS DURING OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (PLT/SQD).....................................................134

•

7-3/4-XX16

CLEAR A ROOM (TEAM/ASSAULT ELEMENT) ..................139

•

7-3/4-XX17

ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN AN UPPER STORY OF A BUILDING (PLT/SQD).....................................................149

GLOSSARY

..........................................................................................Glossary-1

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OMEGA TRAINING GROUP APPENDICES TO THE HANDBOOKS The following appendices are designed to provide further explanation to the MOUT ACTD handbooks for experimentation purposes only. They are not designed to be part of any ARTEP manual. They are published separately from this handbook since they are applicable to all the handbooks. Appendix A

MOUT ACTD Technologies Results of Technology Experimentation Sample Technology Insertions..................................................A-1

Appendix B

List of Technology Insertions in the Handbooks ......................B-1

Appendix C

Omega Training Group TTP Observations Through Army Experiment #5.................................................................C-1

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PREFACE This handbook provides commanders and leaders with descriptive, performanceoriented Training and Evaluation Outlines (T&EOs) to assist in training infantry rifle platoons and squads for combat in urban areas. This handbook contains the tasks that support the unit’s missions outlined in MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures for the Infantry Rifle Platoon and Squad in Urban Combat. This handbook focuses solely on combat in urban areas and assumes a working knowledge of the current ARTEP 7-8-MTP. The information in these proposed tasks deals only with infantry forces in combat situations in built-up areas. It does not include tasks for operations other than combat in built-up areas. Those operations that may be conducted by infantry forces in Stability Operations and Support Operations that are not strictly combat operations are covered in FM 7-98, Operations in a Low-Intensity Conflict; FM 100-23, Peace Operations; and FM 90-8, Counterguerrilla Operations. However, many tasks included here are applicable in other than combat operations. We have concentrated on the conditions under which infantry rifle platoon and squad combat tasks are conducted rather than on the larger view of the overall operation being conducted in an urban environment by a higher echelon unit. We have included the widest range of collective tasks available. In FM 90-10-1, dated 3 Oct 95, on page 1-1, paragraph 1-2, the terms “Surgical MOUT” and “Precision MOUT” are used. These terms, as well as the term “HighIntensity MOUT”, are further explained in Appendix G, page G-1, paragraph G-1. Abbreviated definitions of these terms follow: MOUT under high-intensity conditions : These conditions are combat actions against a determined enemy occupying prepared positions or conducting planned attacks. An Infantry unit’s mission is normally to seize, secure, clear, or defend urban terrain, engaging and defeating the enemy by the use of whatever force is necessary. It represents the high end of the combat spectrum. The full, integrated firepower of the joint combined arms team is brought to bear on the enemy. MOUT under precision conditions : Conventional forces conduct these operations to defeat an enemy that is mixed with noncombatants. They conduct these operations carefully to limit noncombatant casualties and collateral damage. Either the enemy is thoroughly mixed with the noncombatants or political considerations require that the Rules of Engagement (ROE) be significantly more restrictive than under high-intensity MOUT conditions. MOUT under surgical conditions : Joint special operation forces usually conduct these operations which include special-purpose raids, small precision strikes, or small-scale _____________________________________________________________________________ ix VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


personnel seizure or recovery operations (for example, hostage rescue). They may closely resemble US police operations by Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams. They may even involve cooperation between US forces and host nation police. A look at recent history demonstrates that conventional Infantry forces have performed and will continue to perform missions and tasks in urban environments under all three conditions: high-intensity, precision, and surgical. Surgical conditions might be the least frequent required of conventional forces but recent operations in Bosnia, Somalia, and Panama have all required conventional Infantry forces to perform some surgical tasks. Infantry units of all types must routinely expect to conduct missions in urban terrain under precision conditions. In an urban environment, most tasks required of conventional Infantry forces will most likely fall in the realm of precision conditions. High-intensity conditions appear to be the least likely conditions for conventional forces to see in future operations. MOUT tasks, as currently described in FM 7-8 and ARTEP 7-8-MTP, deal solely with high-intensity conditions. We have therefore inserted the terms “high-intensity conditions” and “precision conditions” into the MOUT tasks to differentiate between the different conditions that the platoon and squad may face. The actual conditions during combat will be determined by the ROE.

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OMEGA TRAINING GROUP, INC. MOUT ACTD HANDBOOK #2 EXPERIMENTAL COLLECTIVE TASKS FOR THE INFANTRY RIFLE PLATOON AND SQUAD IN URBAN COMBAT

ELEMENT: PLATOON TASK: ASSAULT A BUILDING (7-3/4-1110) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is directed to assault the building. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the building. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon leader. His platoon may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the building. The platoon occupies the building. The platoon maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The platoon suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon leader conducts troop leading procedures. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan.) The platoon leader: a. Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. b. Identifies and designates: •

The target building.

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TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control, distribution, and target designation to aid the support element.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. •

Any obstacles.

•

An assault element.

•

A support element, if required. The support element may be provided by the company.

•

A separate breaching element, if appropriate. The breaching element may also be organized within the support element or the assault element.

•

Type of breaching technique (explosive, mechanical, or ballistic) based on METT-T and the ROE. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault element should consider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes, sledgehammers etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes. R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault element should consider the Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM) to breach/force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

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TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES •

Size of enemy forces engaging the platoon (the number of enemy automatic weapons, the presence of vehicles, and the employment of indirect fires are indicators of enemy strength.).

•

A primary and alternate breach (entry) point. The platoon should attempt to enter the building at the highest level possible and enter the first floor only when forced to do so.

•

A covered and concealed route to the breach (entry) point. Location and duration of obscurants should be planned for.

GO NO-GO

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of a objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. •

The order of march to the breach (entry) point.

•

Support by fire positions for the support element, if applicable.

*c. The platoon leader directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures. *+2. The platoon leader ensures that the platoon prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the platoon must vigorously: •

Ensure that all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

•

Enforce the ROE.

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GO NO-GO

Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, and weapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built up areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may cause discomfort to soldiers.

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GO NO-GO

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions. R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free sling for the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers to remove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weapon pointed towards the enemy and easy to get to. •

Conduct rehearsals.

•

Prepare explosive charges or acquire appropriate breaching materials as required. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault element should consider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes, sledgehammers etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes. R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault element should consider the Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM) to breach/force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes. 3. The assault element is organized into an order of march to the breach point based upon the method of breaching and the intended actions at the breach point. It is organized into room clearing teams. The exact number and size of clearing teams is based on the factors of METT-T. The assault element carries as much ammunition as possible, especially extra grenades or distraction devices depending on the ROE.

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GO NO-GO

+4. The support element moves into position to provide fire support for the assault element (M60s or M240s should normally be positioned with the support element). The support element isolates the building with direct and indirect fires and provides suppression and obscuration for the movement of the assault element. 5. The platoon leader ensures that the support element is in place. The assault element conducts movement only after the support element is in place. 6. The assault element maneuvers to the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point. The assault element maintains three-dimensional and 360 degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.) 7. The platoon leader moves with the element where he can best command and control the platoon. 8. The platoon leader directs the breaching and assault element(s) to breach and enter the building and to begin clearing. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control, distribution, and target designation to aid the support element.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. 9. The breaching and assault element(s): a. Prepare to move in the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point in the correct order for the selected breaching technique (explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). Use nonverbal signaling techniques when appropriate to indicate readiness to conduct the breach. b. Conduct movement to the breach (entry) point IAW T&EO 7-3/4XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.

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Use covered and concealed routes (moves along underground passages, through or behind buildings, along walls, and over rooftops; avoid streets, alleys, and other open areas unless necessary); and exploit limited visibility conditions whenever possible.

•

Conduct movement only after enemy defensive fires are suppressed or obscured.

•

Move along routes that do not mask friendly suppressive fires.

•

Cross danger areas. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.)

GO NO-GO

c. Arrive at the breach (entry) point undetected if conducting a stealthy breach. d. Maintain 360-degree and three-dimensional security during movement and in the vicinity of the breach point. *10. If there is a support element, the platoon sergeant controls the actions of the support element. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1108, Perform Overwatch/Support by Fire.) He: a. Assigns each soldier and key weapon a target or area to cover. b. Ensures suppression of enemy gunners within the objective building and adjacent buildings.

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GO NO-GO

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm and 7.62-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds” which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. c. Ensures isolation of the objective building with precise direct and indirect fires to prevent enemy withdrawal, reinforcement, or counterattack. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider the use of the NLOS radios to communicate coordination between the assault and support elements. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. d. Uses direct fire weapons to destroy known enemy positions. e. Increases the support element's rate of fire just before the assault element enters the building. Under precision conditions, fires only at known enemy positions.

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GO NO-GO

f. Shifts supporting fires to the upper windows, and then shifts to adjacent buildings as the assault element enters the building from ground level, or shifts to lower windows when the assault element enters through an upper story. Under precision conditions, fires only at known enemy positions. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control, distribution, and target designation to aid the support element.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. g. Provides replacements and ammunition to the assault element, as required. When possible, evacuates casualties. +11. A breach is conducted by the designated breaching element. If at all possible, the breach is conducted so that the assault element does not have to pause at the breach (entry) point. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team should consider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes, sledgehammers etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes. R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team should consider the Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM) to breach/force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

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GO NO-GO

+12. The assault element under the platoon leader's control assaults the objective building. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XXX7, Establish a Foothold in a Building.) It: a. Approaches from enemy flank or rear when possible. •

Enters the building at the highest level possible.

•

Enters the first floor only when forced to do so.

•

Checks for booby traps when forced to enter through a door or window.

•

Throws (cooked off, if needed) grenades or distraction devices of appropriate type through openings prior to entry if the ROE permit. The ROE and the platoon leader’s decision-making process will determine the type of grenade or distraction device thrown. R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider throwing a nonlethal stun grenade rather than fragmentation grenades inside the openings to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to friendly inhabitants.

b. Moves through the breach (entry point) as quickly as possible. c. Secures the entry point and covers staircases and other routes leading to upper and lower stories once inside the building. (See T&EO 7-3/4XXX6, Clear a Staircase and T&EO 7-3/4-XXX4, Conduct Movement Through a Hallway or Subterranean Passageway.) +13. The assault element clears each room in the objective building IAW FM 7-8, Battle Drill 6, Clear a Room (Squad). It: a. Clears the rooms first that overlook the friendly approaches to the building. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XXX2, Clear a Room.) b. Marks the cleared rooms (IAW the unit SOP). The platoon leader directs the assault element(s) to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps.

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GO NO-GO

*c. Consolidates and continues the attack. The platoon leader determines when to rotate assault elements during the assault. d. Positions teams, as directed by the assault element leader, to secure entry points, hallways, stairs, and cleared rooms from enemy infiltration. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while clearing rooms. These rounds will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. +14. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes in the cleared building to repel an enemy counterattack as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.) a. Positions personnel to cover enemy routes of counterattack and infiltration into the building. b. Redistributes ammunition and requests resupply, as required. c. Marks the building to show that it has been cleared IAW the unit SOP. d. Marks entry points IAW the unit SOP. +15. The platoon treats and evacuates casualties IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 16. The platoon secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative _____________________________________________________________________________ 11 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 73/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to secure and control captured military personnel or civilian detainees. 17. The platoon establishes hasty defensive positions, if required. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.) 18. The platoon continues its mission. *A leader task step. +A critical task step.

TASK PERFORMANCE SUMMARY BLOCK ITERATION

1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL

TOTAL TASK STEPS EVALUATED TOTAL TASK STEPS "GO"

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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: DEFEND A BUILDING CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in a built-up area. The element is operating separately or as part of a larger force. The OPFOR has indirect fire available. STANDARDS: The OPFOR prevents the platoon/squad from clearing the building by: a. Retaining forces in the building. b. Counterattacking, regaining, and maintaining a foothold in the building (at least one room).

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: DEFEND A BUILDING (7-3/4-1118) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. The platoon/squad is ordered to defend a building. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told that it is operating under high intensity conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to the platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad completes all specified defensive preparations NLT the time specified in the order. The enemy does not surprise the platoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad prevents the enemy from gaining a foothold or penetrating its position; or prevents enemy units of company-size or smaller from moving through the area; or destroys attacking enemy units of company-size or smaller; or forces the enemy to withdraw. The platoon/squad continues follow-on operations. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the platoon/squad leader: •

Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning.

•

Directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 14 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. *+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 15 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built up areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may cause discomfort to soldiers. R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before conducting a defense of a building, platoon/squad members should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free sling for the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers to remove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weapon pointed towards the enemy and easy to get to. •

Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The platoon/squad leader conducts a leader’s reconnaissance of the battle position. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 16 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. a. Issues a contingency plan to appropriate personnel before the reconnaissance party departs. b. Approaches the position from the rear and conducts the reconnaissance. The platoon leader may have with him the FO, RATELO, squad leaders, and security elements. Squad leaders should determine who will conduct the reconnaissance with him. c. Ensures the security elements establish local security during the reconnaissance and battle position occupation. d. Confirms and/or modifies the platoon/squad tentative positions and fire plans. e. Ensures the position is free of enemy, mines, and obstacles. *f. Develops a tentative direct fire and indirect fire engagement plan IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-fire Weapons Systems and T&EO 7-3-4200, Employ Fire Support. g. Assigns squad/fire team sectors and OP locations (plans for OPs to have multiple methods of communications, if available).

_____________________________________________________________________________ 17 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. *h. Designates the location for the platoon early warning system (if available), the chemical-alarm system (if available), and the platoon CP. *+i. Selects initial key weapons and crew-served weapon positions to cover likely enemy mounted and dismounted avenues of approach. j. Recommends to the company commander the best use of obstacles and supporting fires. NOTE: It is important to reconnoiter the position from the enemy perspective to know how the position should be defended (if possible). *4. The platoon/squad leader ensures the position is free of noncombatants or removes them (if necessary) from the area of operations before occupation of the position. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield..) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to secure and control noncombatants such as civilian detainees. _____________________________________________________________________________ 18 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

5. The platoon/squad leader returns to the platoon/squad position or calls the platoon/squad forward. a. Moves the platoon/squad on covered and concealed routes IAW T&EO 4-3/4-4134, Move Tactically and T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain. b. Enforces camouflage, noise, light, and litter discipline. c. Maintains security during movement IAW T&EO 4-3/4-4134, Move Tactically. d. Directs the squads/teams to occupy designated positions at the same time, if possible. *+6. The platoon/squad occupies the position. The platoon/squad leader: a. Establishes security (to include OPs, hasty perimeter, or security patrols). Emplaces at least one OP with communications within five minutes of occupation so that the main body is warned before an enemy attack.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance communication capabilities of the unit while defending a building. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 19 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. b. Determines and confirms the engagement area (where he plans to kill the enemy) and determines the decision point. +c. Assigns sectors of fire, engagement priorities, and other fire control measures IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control and designate sectors of fire.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. d. Develops an obstacle and direct-fire plan (digitally, if applicable). e. Emplaces the platoon early warning system or devices before dark or any other period of other limited visibility. f. Sets up the chemical alarm system for monitoring within five minutes of occupying the position. *+7. The leaders position crew-served weapons and special weapons. a. Position antiarmor weapons to cover enemy armored avenues of approach. _____________________________________________________________________________ 20 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


b. Position antiarmor weapons inside buildings with adequate space and ventilation for backblast (on upper floors, if possible, for long-range shots). c. Position MGs/SAWs to cover enemy dismounted avenues of approach. (Place them near ground level to increase grazing fires. If ground rubble obstructs grazing fires, MGs/SAWs are placed in the upper stories of the building). d. Ensure weapons are mutually supporting and are tied-in with adjacent units. 8. The platoon leader establishes leader positions. a. Places the platoon/squad CP in a covered and concealed location where he can view and control the battle. b. Establishes communications from the platoon CP to all squad positions. The CP should have multiple means of communication. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance communication capabilities of the unit while defending a building. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. 9. The squad/team leaders position remaining squad/team members. a. Assign each member a position with primary and secondary sectors of fire.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 21 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control and designate sectors of fire.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. b. Make sure positions permit interlocking fires. *10. The gunners prepare range cards. Squad leaders prepare sector sketches and submit a copy to the platoon leader. *+11. The platoon leader prepares a platoon sector sketch and sends a copy to the company commander. +12. The platoon members prepare fighting positions. Hasty positions are improved as time permits. a. Physically reconnoiter in front of the position to become familiar with the terrain and to locate dead space. b. Make physical contact with adjacent positions and select covered and concealed routes to these locations. c. Clear fields of fire. d. Prepare loopholes. R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for creating loopholes, soldiers should consider the use of devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, axes, sledgehammers etc, to create loopholes. e. Prepare range cards, aiming stakes, sector stakes, and TRP markings. f. Identify and secure subterranean avenues of approach (sewers, basements, staircases, and rooftops). g. Construct overhead cover for fighting positions (inside and outside). _____________________________________________________________________________ 22 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

h. Camouflage positions. i. Stockpile ammunition, food, fire-fighting equipment, and drinking water. j. Mark the engagement area (engagement lines, TRPs) IAW T&EO 7-34201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark the engagement area.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. *+13. The platoon/squad leader conducts rehearsals with key leaders. *14. The platoon/squad leader continues coordination with adjacent units. a. Establishes responsibility for overlapping enemy avenues of approach between adjacent squads and platoons. b. Exchanges information on OP locations, unit signals, and passage points. 15. The platoon/squad installs wire communications as time permits. a. Lays wire between the platoon CP and the squads. b. Employs switchboards or hot loops as appropriate. 16. The platoon/squad constructs barriers and obstacles to deny the enemy access to streets, underground passages, and buildings, and to slow his movement (including rooftops and in all buildings) IAW the platoon or company obstacle plan. (See T&EO 7-3-4404, Construct an Obstacle.) a. Integrates barriers and/or obstacles with the platoon/squad’s key weapons. _____________________________________________________________________________ 23 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

b. Covers all barriers and obstacles by fire (direct and indirect) and/or observation. c. Conceals the obstacle from enemy observation as much as possible. d. Erects the obstacle in an irregular pattern. e. Employs the obstacle in depth (if possible). f. Ties the obstacle in with existing obstacles. *17. The platoon leader revises the fire support plan (with the platoon FO) to ensure that the direct and indirect fire plan support the concept of the defense, to include FPF and fires used to support repositioning the platoon to alternate or supplementary positions (digitally, if applicable). a. Covers likely avenues of approach. b. Covers obstacles. c. Covers the enemy avenues of approach. d. Covers known or likely enemy positions. e. Covers final protective fires (if applicable). f. Covers counterattack plan. 18. The platoon/squad improves movement routes between platoon/squad positions and to alternate and supplementary positions. a. Improves routes by digging trenches, using sewers and tunnels, creating mouseholes, and emplacing ropes for climbing and rappelling. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast, Entry Frame Munition (EFM), or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 24 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used or aren’t appropriate or available for breaching, leaders should consider the use of breaching devices to create mouseholes and loopholes. b. Marks routes between positions. *19. At the platoon level, the platoon leader develops a counterattack plan for each likely enemy course of action. a. Designates the counterattack force. b. Ensures the counterattack force is allocated demolitions, antiarmor assets, and extra grenades. R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants. c. Designates and, if appropriate, marks routes for counterattack. d. Ensures the plan is rehearsed during day and at night. *20. The platoon/squad leader prepares and rehearses the withdrawal plan. a. Ensures that subordinate leaders plan and disseminate primary and alternate withdrawal signals. b. Designates and, if appropriate, marks primary, alternate and supplementary withdrawal routes. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. c. Ensures the withdrawal plan is rehearsed during day and at night. _____________________________________________________________________________ 25 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

+21. The platoon/squad defends against an assault. a. The platoon leader reports the situation to the company commander (digitally, if applicable). b. The platoon leader calls in OPs (The platoon leader may decide to leave an OP in place if the personnel manning it can provide effective flanking fires, their position affords them adequate protection, or their return will compromise the platoon position). R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance communications between the CP and OP. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. c. Calls for and adjusts indirect fire when the enemy is at the greatest range. d. Initiates direct fire engagement of the attacking enemy IAW the company or platoon fire plan. Antiarmor weapons conduct initial engagement simultaneously, if possible. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. e. Uses direct and indirect fire to separate the enemy fighting vehicles from the infantry who are providing security for the vehicles.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 26 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm and 7.62-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds” which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, safety glasses should be worn to protect eyes from fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. f. Executes the company or platoon barrier plan to impede and canalize enemy vehicles and personnel into planned fires. g. Employs smoke to blind the vehicles. h. Executes counterattack plans, if required. i. The platoon leader moves elements between primary, alternate, and supplementary positions to complete the destruction or expulsion of the enemy force. 22. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes during lulls in the fighting. a. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes squads and other elements as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization.) b. The platoon treats and evacuates casualties as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1504, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.) c. The platoon secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Material and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) _____________________________________________________________________________ 27 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Leaders and soldiers should use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. *d. The platoon leader transmits status reports, requests for support and resupply, and enemy information to the company CP IAW the platoon SOP and current orders. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance transmissions of reports and requests among the platoon. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. e. Replaces damaged barriers and obstacles, repairs positions, restores communications, and posts OPs that were withdrawn during the engagement. f. Resumes security and patrolling activities. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. _____________________________________________________________________________ 28 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

+23. The platoon/squad continues to defend the battle position/building until the enemy is repelled or the platoon is ordered to disengage. 24. If the platoon leader determines the platoon cannot hold its position, he: a. Reports the situation to the company commander. b. Requests permission to withdraw. c. On order, executes the withdrawal plan IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4122, Execute Disengagement. *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


_____________________________________________________________________________ 29 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: ATTACK IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to attack in a built-up area. The OPFOR is acting separately or as part of a larger unit. The OPFOR has indirect fire available. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR achieves surprise. 2. The OPFOR avoids becoming fixed. 3. The OPFOR accomplishes the assigned task. a. Seizes the assigned terrain. OR b. Penetrates the defense. OR c. Forces the platoon to withdraw. OR d. Maintains the specified rate of movement.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 30 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: MOVE TACTICALLY (7-3/4-1134) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company. The platoon/squad must move along a prescribed route or to a destination specified in the OPORD. This route can include movement through a built-up area. Both friendly and enemy forces have indirect fire and CAS available. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. If this route includes movement through a built-up area, the platoon/squad is specifically told whether they are operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the built-up area. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad moves on the specified route or arrives at the specified destination at the time specified in the order. The enemy does not surprise the platoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad employs the movement formation and technique ordered by the leader. The platoon/squad leader can show the location of adjacent units during movement. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the platoon/squad leader: _____________________________________________________________________________ 31 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999




•

Directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures.

GO NO-GO

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. *+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, weapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 32 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built up areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may cause discomfort to soldiers. R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 33 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO


Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The platoon/squad leader makes a map reconnaissance and chooses a route for movement that: R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. a. Offers concealment from ground and air observation. b. Avoids skylining. c. Avoids moving directly forward from firing positions. d. Avoids open areas and potential kill zones. e. Avoids obvious avenues of approach. *4. The platoon leader designates the movement technique to be used based on METT-T. a. Uses traveling when enemy contact is not likely. b. Uses traveling overwatch when enemy contact is likely. _____________________________________________________________________________ 34 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

c. Uses bounding overwatch when enemy contact is expected. 5. The platoon adjusts formation based on METT-T. a. Closes wedges during limited visibility to maintain visibility between individuals, teams, and squads, and to maintain the rate of movement. b. Opens wedges as obstructions to movement and control diminish. 6. When the traveling movement technique is performed, the platoon: a. Spaces the fire teams about 20 meters apart. b. Moves the squads on a column axis about 20 meters apart. 7. When the traveling overwatch movement technique is performed, the platoon: a. Increases the distance between the lead squad and the platoon main body 50 meters to 100 meters. b. Uses traveling overwatch by the lead squad and the trailing squads use traveling. 8. When the bounding overwatch movement technique is performed by the platoon under the platoon leader's direction, the platoon leader: a. Ensures the bounding squad moves in the wedge formation. b. Moves one squad, while the other squads with the platoon leader remain in a position to overwatch the bounding squad for its entire bound. c. Designates the next overwatch position, the routes to be used, and the sectors for the overwatching squads. d. Ensures bounds do not exceed visual overwatch. e. Directs bounds to stay within the greatest effective range of the overwatching weapons and fields of fire. *9. The platoon leader may choose to move by alternate or successive bounds. When the bounding squad moves, the squad_____________________________________________________________________________ 35 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

a. Signals to the platoon leader that it is beginning its movement. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. b. Uses a covered and concealed route, when available, for its bound. c. Moves as quickly as possible while maintaining OPSEC. d. Moves so as not to mask the fires of the overwatching element. e. Establishes an overwatch position, on completion of its bound, to overwatch the succeeding bound. f. Informs the platoon leader that it has finished its bound and is ready to overwatch. g. Alerts the platoon leader and overwatching element of any enemy detected, obstacles encountered, or danger areas. 10. The lead team employs a point man or buddy team as far forward as visual contact allows with the rest of the squad. When the overwatch squad observes the bounding squad, the overwatch squad: a. Occupies a position that allows observation and fire to cover the bounding squad's movement to its next overwatch position. b. Orients weapons on likely enemy positions. _____________________________________________________________________________ 36 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. c. Maintains continuous observation of the bounding squad, its route, and any terrain that can influence that route. d. Suppresses enemy units so that the bounding element is not fixed, or any enemy detected, based on the SOP and the platoon leader's orders. e. Alerts the bounding squad and platoon leader of any enemy that it detects. f. Prepares to bound when the bounding team assumes the overwatch position. 11. The platoon maintains security during movement. a. Maintains visual contact at a normal interval of 10 meters (interval automatically expands and contracts based on terrain and visibility). b. Maintains noise and light discipline. c. Observes the sectors of responsibility assigned by leaders so the enemy cannot approach the platoon within 35 meters and no aircraft can attack the platoon without warning. d. Ensures the lead element reports obstacles, enemy contact, or danger areas to the leader. *12. The platoon leaders and squad leaders control the platoon's movement.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 37 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. a. Position themselves where they can control movement. b. Position key weapons where the leaders can control them. c. Ensure the platoon members react as their leaders do (that is, when he gets down, they get down) and to their leader's visual signals or oral commands. d. Assess the terrain for potential danger areas. e. Use arm and hand or flag signals until contact is made. f. Use visual and audio signals, such as flares, smoke, whistles, or voice commands, once contact is made. *13. The platoon leader maintains the platoon location. a. Expresses the platoon's location as a six-digit grid coordinate or by using current operational graphics. b. Shows the location of all platoon elements and leading, flanking, or trailing company elements. 14. The platoon moves through a built-up area. _____________________________________________________________________________ 38 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

a. Halts in a covered and concealed position outside of the urban area, if required. •

The platoon seeks cover and concealment and overwatches the urban area.

•

The platoon leader scans the urban area and determines the route through the urban area. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while firing in built up areas. These rounds will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. *b. The platoon leader designates the appropriate movement technique, either traveling, traveling overwatch, or bounding overwatch. The platoon leader designates movement element and overwatch element. c. Moves as two elements: a movement element and an overwatch element. When necessary, the platoon leader determines when these elements or parts of them exchange roles. •

The movement element (one or two squads/teams if terrain is open [for example, a wide street]) moves forward and scouts danger areas.

•

The overwatch element (the rest of the platoon and supporting weapons) moves behind the lead element and secures the flanks and rear. It also provides fire support.

d. Uses a covered and concealed route whenever possible. _____________________________________________________________________________ 39 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

The platoon moves along underground passages, through or behind buildings, along walls, and over rooftops if the ROE allow. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROE dependent. •

The platoon avoids streets, alleys, and other open areas unless necessary.

e. Makes the best use of cover and concealment when required to move along a street. •

Personnel move in appropriate formations along the side of the street, staying close to the buildings without “hugging” the buildings.

•

Personnel move quickly and remain dispersed.

•

Each soldier is assigned an area to observe on the opposite side of the street.

•

When moving with two squads abreast, each squad overwatches the buildings across the street, observing the stories above the opposite squad.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 40 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


f. Crosses the urban danger areas using the greatest cover, concealment, speed, and overwatch. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Cross Danger Areas in Urban Terrain.) •

Personnel use smoke, rubble, and debris for cover and concealment.

•

An element preferably crosses as a dispersed group at the same time but may cross in a line, or in a small group as the situation permits.

g.

Moves while maintaining security.

•

Clears buildings as necessary to continue movement. (See T&EO 73/4-1110, Assault a Building.)

•

Identifies, reports, marks, and bypasses enemy obstacles, mines, and booby traps. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider the use of the NLOS radios to report enemy obstacles and mines. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 41 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote-marking munition to mark obstacles and mines and/or bypass locations.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. 15. The platoon/squad exits the urban area. The platoon leader reports that the platoon is through the urban area. 16. The platoon/squad continues the mission. •

Reestablishes movement formation; assumes proper intervals. OR

•

Takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense, and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.)

*A leader task step. +A critical task step.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 42 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: ENGAGE MOVING UNIT CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger unit. The OPFOR element is ordered to engage a moving enemy unit. The OPFOR has indirect fire and CAS available. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR surprises the platoon/squad main body. 2. The OPFOR delays the platoon/squad beyond its allotted time. 3. The OPFOR prevents the platoon/squad from moving to its assigned destination or along its prescribed route.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 43 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: SQUAD TASK: CLEAR A ROOM (7-3/4-XXX2) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear the building. The squad is inside the building and is directed to enter and clear a room. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the room. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. The squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The squad enters, clears, and secures the room by killing, capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the room. The squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 73/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. In particular, the squad leader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. *+a. The squad leader designates a fire team as the assault element to enter and clear the room. When full four-man teams are not available for room clearing, three-man and two-man teams may be used. _____________________________________________________________________________ 44 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

*b. If a breach is required for entry, the squad leader designates a breaching technique and may designate a breaching element. He ensures that the assault element is organized in the appropriate manner for the breach. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROE dependent. *c. The squad leader designates the breach (entry) point. The breach (entry) point will be determined by the construction of the building and the resources available. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consider employment of the M203 TPT round as a remote-marking munition to mark the entry point.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. *d. The squad leader designates a support element to provide security, if appropriate. If security is provided by the platoon, the other fire team may be organized as a second assault element. _____________________________________________________________________________ 45 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. *+2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, and weapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 46 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit “intercom”. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered as being monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal Protection Equipment.


R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing rooms, squad members should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 47 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO


Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The squad leader positions himself to best control the assault, breaching, and support elements. *4. The squad leader directs the members to approach the breach (entry) point. The squad maintains three-dimensional and 360 degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.) 5. The squad leader ensures that members use appropriate individual movement techniques. 6. Once stationary in the vicinity of the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point, the assault element: a. Stays in a standing or crouched position but not in a kneeling position. b. Holds their weapons in an appropriate carry position. c. Ensures the muzzles are not pointed at other members. d. Signals one another that they are prepared before entering the room IAW unit SOP. *7. The squad leader gives the command of execution.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 48 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit “intercom”. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered as being monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. +8. The breaching element executes the breach of the room (either explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 49 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes. NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside a building due to overpressure upon detonation and minimum firing distance necessary to arm the round. 9. The breach will normally be followed by throwing a grenade or distraction device into the room if the situation permits. The squad leader will determine what type of grenade or distraction device to use depending on the ROE and situation. R-34, Stun Grenade: Soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants. +10. When the grenade or distraction device explodes or as soon as the breach is executed if a grenade is not used, the assault element moves through the breach (entry) point quickly and clears the room IAW MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Battle Drill 1, Clear a Room.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 50 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds” for room clearing. These rounds, which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall, reduce the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped.

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. The assault team leader can communicate to his squad leader any information using the NLOS radio. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. *11. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps. He ensures that the room is marked IAW unit SOP and reports to the platoon leader that the squad has entered and cleared the room.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 51 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control and distribution.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries *12. The squad leader determines whether or not the initial assault element can continue to clear through the building. The squad leader rotates assault elements as necessary to keep his soldiers fresh and to continue the momentum of the attack. +13. When the enemy withdraws or the squad completes its mission, the squad reorganizes and consolidates as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 14. The squad treats and evacuates the casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 15. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Material and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield..) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 16. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) * A leader task step + A critical task step

_____________________________________________________________________________ 52 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: DEFEND A ROOM CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in a room. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger force. STANDARDS: The OPFOR element prevents the squad from clearing the room. a. Retains forces in the room. b. Counterattacks, regains, and maintains a foothold in the room.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 53 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: SQUAD TASK: CONDUCT MOVEMENT THROUGH A HALLWAY OR SUBTERRANEAN PASSAGEWAY (7-3/4-XXX4) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building or subterranean area and is required to clear the building or subterranean area. The squad is directed to enter and move through a hallway or a subterranean passageway. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by the company's organic weapons. It is given restrictive rules of engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the hallway or subterranean passageway. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. His squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The squad enters, moves through, and exits the hallway or subterranean passageway. In doing so, it kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the hallway or subterranean passageway. The squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 73/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the squad leader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. _____________________________________________________________________________ 54 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

*a. The squad leader designates an assault element and a support element unless support is provided by the platoon. In that case, the squad may be organized into two assault elements. *b. The squad leader assigns the assault element the task of moving through the hallway or subterranean passageway. The support element is tasked to provide security. *c. The squad leader selects a movement technique: •

Traveling.

•

Traveling overwatch.

•

Bounding overwatch.

*d. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures. *2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the squad must vigorously: •

Ensure all soldiers are aware of the ROE.

•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessary based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 55 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built up areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal Protection Equipment.


R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 56 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO


Conduct rehearsals.

3. The squad leader moves with the lead assault element during the clearing, positioning himself so as not to interfere with team members’ lines of sight or fields of fire. 4. The squad uses nonverbal signaling techniques at least until the element of surprise is lost. Communication between squad members should be rehearsed and understood by all. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Using the NLOS radios, the squad can effectively communicate between members, enhancing the capability of the squad to accomplish the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.


_____________________________________________________________________________ 57 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "Soft Rounds".

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. *5. The squad leader may select a movement formation to move and clear down the hallway or subterranean passageway: a. The Serpentine formation is usually used in narrow hallways or subterranean passageways. b. The Rolling-T formation is usually used in wide hallways or subterranean passageways. c. The Cross Cover formation is normally used when additional security is required. d. Extremely narrow or short hallways or subterranean passageways may not need a movement technique or clearing formation. The squad leader may designate buddy teams to assault and clear these hallways or subterranean passageways. These hallways or subterranean passageways should be designated and treated as danger areas and as extensions of “fatal funnels”. _____________________________________________________________________________ 58 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

*6. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps. 7. The squad moves past hallway or subterranean passageway entry points such as doorways. a. Using an assault element to treat it as a danger area IAW T&EO 7-3/4XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain: OR b. The assault element leader or a designated soldier may observe around the corner. (See Individual Task 071-326-0541, Perform Movement Techniques in an Urban Environment.) R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. 8. The squad moves past corners or intersections. a. A single assault element clears corners or T-shaped intersections. OR b. The squad leader elects to use both fire teams to clear T-shaped intersections. *9. The squad leader maintains communications with all elements.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 59 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Using the NLOS radios, the assault element leader can report to the squad leader effectively utilizing the ability of the NLOS to receive and transmit in urban terrain. The squad leader can in turn keep the platoon leader informed. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. *10. The squad leader determines when to rotate elements during movement. *11. The squad leader reports to the platoon leader when the squad completes the movement. +12. When the squad completes its movement, it consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. +13. The squad treats and evacuates casualties IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. +*14. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 73/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. +15. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) _____________________________________________________________________________ 60 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


*A leader task step +A critical task step


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: ENGAGE MOVING UNIT IN A HALLWAY CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger unit. The OPFOR element is ordered to engage a moving enemy unit in a hallway. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR element surprises the squad. 2. a. The OPFOR element delays the squad beyond its allotted time. OR b. The OPFOR element prevents the squad from moving to its assigned destination or along its prescribed route.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 61 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: SQUAD TASK: CLEAR A STAIRCASE (7-3/4-XXX6) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear the building. The squad is directed to clear a staircase. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the staircase. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. His squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The squad conducts movement up a staircase until it encounters enemy forces. The squad reacts to enemy contact. The squad kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the staircase. The squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 73/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the squad leader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. *a. The squad leader designates an assault element to clear the staircase. _____________________________________________________________________________ 62 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

*b. The squad leader designates a support element to provide security for the assault element unless a support element is provided by the platoon. In that case, the squad may be organized into two assault elements. *c. The squad leader selects an organization for movement in the stairs. The assault element may operate as one element or separate into two-man buddy teams. *+2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessary based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 63 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built up areas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.

CAUTION_________________________________ Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may cause discomfort to soldiers.

R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing hallways, squad members should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free sling for the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers to remove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weapon pointed towards the enemy and easy to get to.

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GO NO-GO


WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. •

Conduct rehearsals.

*+3. The squad leader ensures 360-degree and three-dimensional security is maintained in the immediate vicinity of the staircase. *+4. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles/booby traps blocking access to the staircase. +5. The assault element moves up the stairs using either: •

The Fire team flow.

•

The Buddy team flow.

+6. The assault element secures each landing before continuing up or down additional flights.

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GO NO-GO

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while clearing staircases. These rounds will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects such as walls. This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy who is not so equipped.

R-34, Stun Grenade: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades. *7. The squad leader determines when to rotate elements during movement and reports the clearing status to the platoon leader. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Using the NLOS radios, the assault element leader can report to the squad leader effectively utilizing the ability of the NLOS to receive and transmit in urban terrain. The squad leader can in turn keep the platoon leader informed. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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GO NO-GO


R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. 8. Upon encountering enemy forces, the squad takes appropriate action: •

Assaults to secure the landing/flight of stairs by fire and maneuver.

•

Stays at the last covered and concealed position until firepower to allow movement up the staircase takes affect. Grenades and M203 rounds through windows may accomplish this.

•

Requests assistance if the enemy resistance is too great to continue movement.

9. The squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 73/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 10. The squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 11. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.)

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GO NO-GO

R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 12. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


_____________________________________________________________________________ 68 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: DEFEND A STAIRCASE CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element defends a staircase in the OPFOR area of operations by preventing movement through it and by securing the staircase. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger force. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR element prevents the squad from clearing the staircase. a. Retains forces in the staircase or on the landings. b. Counterattacks, regains, and maintains a foothold in the staircase (at least one landing). 2. The OPFOR element infiltrates to positions either in front of or behind the squad that influence the security or movement through the staircase.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 69 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: SQUAD TASK: ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN A BUILDING (7-3/4-XXX7) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear the building. The squad is directed to breach, enter, and establish a foothold in the building. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the building. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. The squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The squad creates a breach to enter the building and kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the initial foothold. The squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop-leading procedures IAW T&EO 73/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. The squad leader: a. Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. b. Identifies and designates: _____________________________________________________________________________ 70 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

The target building. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect to mark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.


Any obstacles. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.


An assault element.

•

A support element, if required. The support element may be provided by the platoon.

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GO NO-GO



A separate breaching element, if appropriate.

•

The type of breaching technique (explosive, mechanical, or ballistic). R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings, allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings. R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROE dependent.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 72 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



The size of enemy forces engaging the squad. (The number of enemy automatic weapons, the presence of vehicles, and the employment of indirect fires are indicators of enemy strength.)

•

A primary and alternate breach (entry point). (The squad should enter the building at the highest level possible and enter the first floor only when forced to.)

GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect to mark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.


A covered and concealed route to the breach (entry) point. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. The order of march to the breach (entry) point. •


*c. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 73 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

+*2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load and any special equipment necessary based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 74 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in built up areas, all soldiers should wear Personal Protection Equipment.


R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing buildings, all soldiers should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.




Conduct rehearsals.

3. The support element conducts movement into position.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 75 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

4. The squad leader ensures the support element is in place. The assault element conducts movement only after the support element is in position to isolate the building with direct and indirect fires and provide suppression and obscuration. 5. The squad maneuvers to the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point. The squad maintains three-dimensional and 360 degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.) 6. The squad leader moves with the element where he can best command and control the squad. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. The squad leaders can use the NLOS radio to confirm or deny that the support element is in place and ready. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. *7. The squad leader directs the breaching and assault element(s) to breach and enter the building to secure a foothold. 8. The breaching and assault element(s): a. Prepare to move in the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point in the correct order for the selected breaching technique (explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). Use nonverbal signaling techniques when appropriate to indicate readiness to conduct the breach. b. Conduct movement to the breach (entry) point IAW T&EO 7-3/4XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 76 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



Use covered and concealed routes (move along underground passages, through or behind buildings, along walls, and over rooftops; avoid streets, alleys, and other open areas unless necessary); exploit limited visibility conditions whenever possible.

•


•


•

Cross danger areas IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.

GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. The squad leaders can use the NLOS radio to confirm or deny that the support element is in place and ready. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. c. Arrive at the breach (entry) point undetected if conducting a stealthy breach. d. Maintain immediate/local three-dimensional and 360-degree security during movement and in the vicinity of the breach (entry) point. +9. The designated breaching element conducts the breach. If at all possible, the breach is conducted so that the assault element does not have to pause at the breach (entry) point.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 77 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings. R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used or aren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building .

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building. NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside a building due to overpressure upon detonation and minimum firing distance necessary to arm the round. *+10. The assault element under the squad leader's control assaults the objective building. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps. a. Based upon the platoon leader’s guidance, the squad: •

Approaches from the enemy’s flank or rear when possible.

•

Enters the building at the highest level possible.

•

Enters the first floor only when forced to do so.

•

Enters using doors and windows only when forced to by the situation or the ROE.

•

Checks for booby traps when forced to enter through a door or window.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 78 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

Throws (cooked off, if needed) grenades or distraction devices of appropriate type through openings prior to entry if the situation and the ROE permit. The ROE and the platoon leader’s decision-making process will determine the type of grenade or distraction device thrown. R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider throwing a nonlethal stun grenade rather than fragmentation grenades inside the openings to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to friendly inhabitants.

+b. Moves through the entry point as quickly as possible. +c. Clears the foothold using the techniques IAW FM 7-8, Battle Drill 6, Clear a Room. •

Moves to their respective points of domination that are not in front of doors and windows.

•

Engages enemy personnel while moving. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "Soft Rounds".

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy who is not so equipped. •

Dominates the room.

+11. If the squad is providing its own support, the support element: _____________________________________________________________________________ 79 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

a. Destroys or suppresses enemy weapons that are firing effectively against the squad. Under precision conditions, to limit collateral damage and noncombatant injuries, fires only on enemy positions that have been located or on locations designated by the squad leader. b. Shifts suppressive fires. c. Repositions, if necessary, to continue to isolate and suppress the building from the outside. d. Ensures that all friendly forces enter the building only through the designated entry point. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. The assault team leader can use the NLOS radio to communicate any information his team members to the squad leader. The squad leader can in turn contact the platoon leader and can call forward the support element. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. *12. The squad leader moves into the building with the assault element or immediately after the assault element signals that it has secured the foothold. *13. The squad leader will: a. Verify that the foothold is clear. b. Mark the entry point IAW unit SOP. c. Notify the platoon leader that the squad has gained a foothold in the building. d. Call for the support element to move into the building, if applicable. _____________________________________________________________________________ 80 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

14. The support element moves through the same entry point on order from the squad leader. *+15. The squad leader reconsolidates and reorganizes the squad as necessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 16. The squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 17. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 18. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) *A leader task step. +A critical task step.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 81 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: PREVENT ENTRY INTO A BUILDING CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in a building and to prevent entry. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger force. The OPFOR element may have indirect fire available. STANDARDS: The OPFOR element: a. Prevents the squad from creating a breach. b. Prevents the squad from entering the entry point/building. c. Counterattacks, regains the entry point, and ejects the squad from the building.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 82 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: CONDUCT SUBTERRANEAN CLEARING OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (7-3/4-XXX9) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. The platoon/squad is directed to conduct subterranean clearing operations. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the subterranean area. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad enters, clears, and secures the subterranean area by killing, capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of all enemy forces. The platoon/squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the platoon/squad leader: •


_____________________________________________________________________________ 83 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



Organizes the platoon/squad for the mission.

•

Designates the element that will enter first.

•

Designates the remainder of the platoon/squad to provide security of the entrance location and may also provide security at entrance locations above ground along the route of the tunnel.

•

Determines the route, if not provided.

GO NO-GO



Establishes control measures and communication necessary such as landlines trailed behind lead elements.

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GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered for communications while conducting subterranean operations. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. •

Plans for actions on enemy contact along the route.

•

Plans for the evacuation of any casualties.

*+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determines the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, and weapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy.

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GO NO-GO


CAUTION_________________________________ Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may cause discomfort to soldiers. R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing tunnels, soldiers should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.


Conduct rehearsals.

3. The platoon/squad moves to the entrance to the tunnel, often a manhole cover. Once the area is secured, the cover is removed. No entry should be made for 15 minutes when possible, allowing the gases to dissipate. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. a. If the situation dictates, drops a stun or fragmentation grenade as the cover is removed.

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GO NO-GO

R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants. b. Once the 15 minutes has expired, the lead man drops down inside the tunnel. c. The lead man checks to determine whether the air is breathable and how much the size of the tunnel restricts movement. Once he identifies that the area is clear, the rest of the team enters. *4. The element conducts clearance of the tunnel. a. The assault element is reorganized based on the size of the tunnel. *b. The platoon/squad leader directs the element to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps. c. Additional teams can enter the tunnel as the clearance progresses, although the extreme effects of blast will make it necessary to use the minimum of men below ground. d. The lead element clears blind corners and intersections. e. The remaining elements will follow one complete junction behind carrying out the same drills, doing pace checks, communication checks (visual, verbal, landline, or radio, if possible), route marking, and rear security.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 87 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered for communication while conducting subterranean operations. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. *e. The platoon/squad leader determines when to rotate lead elements during clearing. *5. The assault element exits the tunnel. If exiting at a position other than the entry position, it must be done as silently and as carefully as possible with one man covering from the tunnel exit while another reconnoiters its immediate area. +6. The platoon/squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. +7. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 8. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 73/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 9. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) _____________________________________________________________________________ 88 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


*A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: DEFEND A SUBTERRANEAN AREA CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element blocks movement into the OPFOR area of operations by defending a subterranean avenue of approach. The OPFOR element may act separately or as part of a larger unit. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR element prevents movement through the subterranean avenue of approach by fixing the platoon/squad or forcing the withdrawal of the platoon/squad. 2. The OPFOR element infiltrates to positions either above or below ground that influence the platoon’s/squad's security or movement through the tunnel.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 89 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: CONDUCT DEFENSIVE SUBTERRANEAN OPERATIONS IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENT (7-3/4-XX15) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. The platoon/squad is directed to conduct defensive subterranean operations. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the subterranean area. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad enters the subterranean area and completes all specified defensive preparations NLT the time specified in the order. The enemy does not surprise the platoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad denies the enemy a foothold or any penetration of its position, or prevents enemy units of company size or smaller from moving through the subterranean area, or destroys attacking enemy units of company size or smaller, or forces the enemy to withdraw. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the platoon/squad leader: _____________________________________________________________________________ 90 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999




•

Organizes the platoon/squad for the mission.

•

Designates the element that will enter first.

•

Designates the remainder of the platoon/squad to provide security of the entrance location and may also provide security at entrance locations along the route of the tunnel above ground.

•

Determines the route, if not provided.

GO NO-GO


R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of subterranean areas, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. •

Establishes control measures and communication necessary such as landlines trailed behind lead elements.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 91 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered for communications while conducting subterranean operations. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. •

Plans for actions on enemy contact along the route.

•

Plans for the evacuation of any casualties.

*+2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, and weapons, additional ammunition, grenades, and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 92 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO



R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing tunnels, soldiers should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free sling for the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers to remove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weapon pointed towards the enemy and easy to get to. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm “Soft Rounds” while firing in built up areas. These rounds will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall thus preventing the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. •

Conduct rehearsals.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 93 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

*+3. The platoon/squad leader conducts a reconnaissance of the subterranean area, if possible. If the enemy situation is unclear, the subterranean area may have to be cleared IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XXX9, Conduct Subterranean Clearing Operations in an Urban Environment. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of subterranean areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. a. Issues a contingency plan to appropriate personnel before the reconnaissance party departs. b. Approaches the position and conducts the reconnaissance. The platoon leader may have with him the FO, RATELO, squad leaders, and security elements. Squad leaders should determine who will conduct the reconnaissance with him. c. Ensures the security elements establish local security during the reconnaissance and battle position occupation. d. Confirms and/or modifies the platoon/squad tentative positions and fire plans. e. Ensures the position is free of enemy, mines, and obstacles. +f. Develops a tentative direct fire engagement plan IAW T&EO 7-34201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems. *g. Assigns squad/fire team sectors and OP locations. Plans for OPs to have multiple methods of communications, if available. h. Designates the location for the platoon early warning system, if available; the chemical-alarm system, if available; and the platoon CP. *+i. Selects initial key weapons and crew-served weapon positions to cover likely avenues of approach.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 94 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

NOTE: It is important to reconnoiter the position from the enemy perspective, if possible, to know how the position should be defended. *4. Ensures the position is free of noncombatants or removes them, if necessary, from the area of operations before occupation of the position. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to secure and control noncombatants such as civilian detainees. 5. The platoon/squad leader returns to the platoon/squad position or calls the platoon/squad forward. a. Moves the platoon/squad on covered and concealed routes IAW T&EO 4-3/4-4134, Move Tactically and T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain. b. Enforces camouflage, noise, light, and litter discipline. c. Maintains security during movement IAW T&EO 4-3/4-1134, Move Tactically. d. Directs the squads/teams to occupy designated positions at the same time, if possible. *+6. The platoon/squad occupies the position; the platoon/squad leader: a. Establishes security (to include OPs, hasty perimeter, or security patrols). Emplaces at least one OP with communications within five minutes of occupation so that the main body is warned before an enemy attack.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 95 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance communication capabilities of the unit while defending a building. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. b. Determines and confirms the engagement areas (where he plans to kill the enemy) and determines the decision points. R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of subterranean areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. +c. Assigns sectors of fire, engagement priorities, and other fire control measures IAW T&EO 7-3-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control and designate sectors of fire.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. d. Develops an obstacle and direct-fire plan (digitally, if applicable). e. Emplaces the platoon early warning system. f. Sets up the chemical alarm system for monitoring within five minutes of occupying the position. *+7. The leaders position crew-served weapons and special weapons. _____________________________________________________________________________ 96 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


a. Position MGs/SAWs to cover avenues of approach. b. Ensure weapons are mutually supporting and are tied-in with adjacent units, if applicable. *8. The platoon leader establishes leader positions. a. Places the platoon/squad CP in a covered and concealed location where the platoon/squad leader can control the battle. b. Establishes communications from the platoon CP to all squad positions. The CP should have multiple means of communication. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance communication capabilities of the unit while defending a subterranean area. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. 9. The squad/team leaders position remaining squad/team members. a. Assign each member a position with primary and secondary sectors of fire. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control and designate sectors of fire.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. b. Make sure positions permit interlocking fires if that is possible in the subterranean environment.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 97 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

*10. The gunners prepare range cards and squad leaders prepare sector sketches and submit a copy to the platoon leader. *+11. The platoon leader prepares a platoon sector sketch and sends a copy to the company commander. +12. The platoon members prepare fighting positions. Hasty positions are improved as time permits. a. Physically reconnoiter in front of the position to become familiar with the terrain and to locate dead space. b. Make physical contact with adjacent positions and select covered and concealed routes to these locations. c. Clear fields of fire. d. Prepare loopholes, if applicable. e. Prepare range cards, aiming stakes, sector stakes, and TRP markings. f. Camouflage positions. g. Stockpile ammunition, food, fire-fighting equipment, and drinking water. h. Mark the engagement area (engagement lines, TRPs) IAW T&EO 73-4201, Employ Direct-Fire Weapons Systems. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark the engagement area.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. *+13. The platoon/squad leader conducts rehearsals with key leaders. *14. The platoon/squad leader continues coordination with adjacent units. _____________________________________________________________________________ 98 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

a. Establishes responsibility for overlapping enemy avenues of approach between adjacent squads and platoons if that is possible depending on the type of subterranean area. b. Exchanges information on OP locations, unit signals, and passage points. 15. The platoon/squad installs wire communications as time permits. a. Lays wire between the platoon CP and the squads. b. Employs switchboards or hot loops as appropriate. 16. The platoon/squad constructs barriers and obstacles to deny the enemy access to underground passages and to slow his movement IAW the platoon or company obstacle plan IAW T&EO 7-3-4404, Construct an Obstacle. a. Integrates barriers and or obstacles with the platoon/squad’s key weapons. b. Covers all barriers and obstacles by fire and/or observation. c. Conceals the obstacle from enemy observation as much as possible. d. Erects the obstacle in an irregular pattern. e. Employs the obstacle in depth (if possible). f. Ties the obstacle in with existing obstacles. *17. The platoon leader revises the fire plan to ensure that it supports the concept of the defense, to include fires used to support repositioning the platoon to alternate or supplementary positions. a. Covers likely enemy avenues of approach. b. Covers obstacles. c. Covers known or likely enemy positions. d. Covers counterattack plan. _____________________________________________________________________________ 99 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

18. The platoon improves movement routes between platoon positions as well as to alternate and supplementary positions and marks routes between positions. *19. The platoon leader develops a counterattack plan for each likely enemy course of action. a. Designates the counterattack force. b. Ensures the counterattack force is allocated demolitions and extra grenades. R-34, Stun Grenade: Leaders and soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants. c. Designates and, if appropriate, marks routes for counterattack. d. Ensures the plan is rehearsed during the day and at night. *20. The platoon leader prepares and rehearses the withdrawal plan. a. Ensures that leaders plan and disseminate primary and alternate withdrawal signals. b. Designates and, if appropriate, marks primary, alternate and supplementary withdrawal routes. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. c. Ensures the withdrawal plan is rehearsed during the day and at night. +21. The platoon/squad defends against an assault. a. The platoon leader reports the situation to the company commander. _____________________________________________________________________________ 100 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

b. The platoon leader calls in OPs. The platoon leader may decide to leave an OP in place if the personnel manning it can provide effective flanking fires, their position affords them adequate protection, or their return will compromise the platoon position. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance communications between the CP and OP. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. c Initiates engagement of the attacking enemy IAW the company or platoon fire plan. d. Executes the platoon barrier plan to impede and canalize personnel into planned fires. e. Executes counterattack plans, if required.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 101 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm and 7.62-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds” which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, safety glasses should be worn to protect eyes from fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. f. The platoon leader moves elements between primary, alternate, and supplementary positions to complete the destruction or expulsion of the enemy force. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered for communication while conducting subterranean operations. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. 22. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes during lulls in the fighting. a. The platoon consolidates and reorganizes squads and other elements as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. b. The platoon treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1504, Treat and Evacuate Casualties). _____________________________________________________________________________ 102 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

c. The platoon secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Material and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Leaders and soldiers should use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. *+d. The platoon leader transmits status reports, requests for support and resupply, and enemy information to the company CP IAW the platoon SOP and current orders. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, leaders should consider use of NLOS radios to enhance transmissions of reports and requests among the platoon. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. e. Replaces damaged barriers and obstacles, repairs positions, restores communications, and posts OPs that were withdrawn during the engagement. f. Resumes security and patrolling activities. +23. The platoon/squad continues to defend until the enemy is repelled or is ordered to disengage. 24. If the platoon leader determines the platoon cannot hold its position, he: a. Reports the situation to the company commander. _____________________________________________________________________________ 103 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

b. Requests permission to withdraw. c. On order, executes the withdrawal plan IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4122, Execute Disengagement. *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


_____________________________________________________________________________ 104 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: INFILTRATE/EXFILTRATE USING SUBTERRANEAN ROUTES OF APPROACH CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element conducts penetration of the EXFOR area of operations by infiltrating or exfiltrating through a subterranean route. OR The OPFOR element attacks through the subterranean area. The OPFOR element may act separately or as part of a larger unit. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR achieves surprise. 2. The OPFOR avoids becoming fixed. 3. The OPFOR element accomplishes the assigned task. a. Infiltrates to positions either above or below ground that influence the platoon’s/squad's security or positions in the tunnel. OR b. Exfiltrates through the subterranean area. OR c. Seizes the assigned terrain. OR d. Penetrates the defense. OR e. Forces the platoon/squad to withdraw.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 105 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: REACT TO SNIPERS IN MOUT (7-3/4-XX10) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. The platoon/squad is moving in an urban environment and is fired upon by a sniper and is required to react. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the area of operation. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad reacts immediately to the sniper fire. The platoon/squad kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of the enemy sniper while disengaging the element in the kill zone. The platoon/squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

+1. The element in the kill zone reacts to enemy sniper fire. a. Immediately returns fire, takes up the nearest covered positions, and throws smoke grenades if possible. With accurate return fire, the element can mark the location of the sniper for the remainder of the platoon/squad. _____________________________________________________________________________ 106 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to mark a sniper’s position for target designation.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. b. Alerts the remainder of the platoon/squad/team to the direction of the sniper, if known. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use of the NLOS radios to transmit information such as CONTACT and SPOT reports involving sniper activity. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. c. Suppresses the sniper’s position so that the remainder of the unit can maneuver against the sniper. *2. Leaders control their units’ actions. Leaders: a. Control fires using standard fire commands. b. Locate and engage known or suspected enemy sniper positions with well-aimed fire. c. Ensure that personnel maintain contact with the personnel on their left and right. d. Ensure that personnel maintain contact with their leaders and report the location of the enemy sniper position.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 107 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

e. Check the status of their personnel. f. Pass all information up the chain of command. *3. The platoon/squad leader moves to the best position possible to control the fire and movement while controlling the suppression of the sniper. The platoon/squad leader: a. Determines whether or not the element in the kill zone can and should move out of the engagement area. b. Determines whether or not he can gain and maintain suppressive fires with the element in the kill zone (based on the volume and accuracy of enemy fires against the element in the kill zone). c. Develops the situation through fire and/or maneuver. He gathers information from subordinate leaders. d. Determines the next course of action based on his company commander's/platoon leader's intent and specified and implied tasks as well as the information gained when developing the situation. e. Reports the situation to the company commander/platoon leader with his recommendation. f. Calls for and adjusts indirect and direct fires from heavy weapons or close air support as required and as allowed by the ROE. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to mark a snipers position for target designation.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. 4. The elements not in the kill zone react to the sniper fire. a. Move by covered and concealed routes to positions that isolate the building from which the sniper had fired. _____________________________________________________________________________ 108 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

b. Assault and clear the building IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1110, Assault a Building. 5. When the enemy is killed, captured, or withdraws or the platoon/squad completes its disengagement, the platoon/squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 6. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 7. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 8. The platoon/squad continues the mission. *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


_____________________________________________________________________________ 109 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: ENGAGE PLATOON CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element sniper is ordered to locate and engage friendly forces. The OPFOR element sniper may act separately or as part of a larger unit. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR element sniper surprises the platoon/squad. 2. The OPFOR element sniper disrupts the platoon's/squad's primary mission, inflicts casualties, and forces the platoon/squad to divert personnel and resources to his destruction. 3. The OPFOR element sniper prevents the platoon/squad from locating and suppressing his fires. 4. The OPFOR element sniper breaks contact and evades friendly actions.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 110 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: MOVE TACTICALLY IN URBAN TERRAIN (7-3/4-XX11) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in urban terrain. Given a detailed map or sketch of the area, the platoon/squad must move along a prescribed route or to a destination specified at the time specified in the OPORD within the built-up area. Both friendly and enemy forces may have indirect fire and CAS available. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP4. The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and along the route. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. His platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad moves on the specified route or arrives at the specified destination in the OPORD at the specified time. The enemy does not surprise the platoon/squad main body. The platoon/squad employs the movement formation and technique ordered by the leader. The platoon/squad leader can show the location of adjacent units during movement. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

+*1. The platoon/squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. Specifically, the platoon/squad leader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. _____________________________________________________________________________ 111 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO


R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. +*2. The platoon/squad leader ensures that the platoon/squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the platoon/squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•


_____________________________________________________________________________ 112 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy.


CAUTION_________________________________ Prolonged use of elbow and knee protection may cause discomfort to soldiers. R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing hallways, squad members should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.

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GO NO-GO

R-21, Hands-Free Sling: Consider the use of the hands-free sling for the M-16 series, M4, and the M-249 which allows soldiers to remove one or both hands from the weapon and still have the weapon pointed towards the enemy and easy to get to. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "Soft Rounds".


Conduct rehearsals.

*+3. The platoon/squad leader makes a map reconnaissance and, if not given a prescribed route, selects a route. He plans movement that: a. Offers concealment from ground and air observation. b. Avoids skylining. c. Avoids moving directly forward from firing positions. d. Avoids open areas and potential kill zones. e. Avoids obvious avenues of approach. f. May include infiltration as a maneuver to place small teams into position.

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GO NO-GO

*4. If appropriate, the platoon/squad leader designates the movement technique to be used based on METT-T and designates the movement element and the overwatch element. a. Uses traveling when enemy contact is not likely. b. Uses traveling overwatch when enemy contact is likely. c. Uses bounding overwatch when enemy contact is expected. 5. The platoon/squad moves through a built-up area. a. The platoon/squad normally moves as two elements: a movement element and an overwatch element. When necessary, these elements or parts of them exchange roles. If moving in small elements, there may not be designated overwatch elements. •

The movement element (one or two squads/teams if terrain is open as in a wide street) moves forward, scouts danger areas, and closes with the enemy.

•

The overwatch element (the rest of the platoon/squad and supporting weapons) moves behind the lead element and secures the flanks and rear.

•

Elements moving by themselves or infiltrating may not have support elements.

•

The platoon/squad leader determines when to rotate elements during movement.

b. The platoon/squad uses a covered and concealed route whenever possible. •

The platoon/squad moves along underground passages IAW T&EO 73/4-XXX4, Conduct Movement Through a Hallway or Subterranean Passageway, through or behind buildings, along walls, and over rooftops.

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GO NO-GO

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings. R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to aid in movement through an urban area. Use of this munition is ROE dependent. •

The platoon/squad avoids streets, alleys, and other danger areas unless necessary.

c. The platoon/squad makes the best use of cover and concealment when moving, moving in the street only when required by the ROE or the situation. When forced to move in the street: •

Elements move in single file along the side of the street, staying close to the buildings without “hugging” walls.

•

Elements move quickly and members remain dispersed.

•

Each soldier is assigned an area to observe so that there is observation in 360-degrees and in all dimensions.

•

When moving with two squads/teams abreast, a technique is to have each squad/team overwatch the buildings across the street, observing the stories above the opposite squad.

•

Elements use smoke, rubble, and debris for cover and concealment.

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GO NO-GO

+d. The platoon/squad crosses the urban danger areas using the greatest cover, concealment, speed, and overwatch. An element normally crosses as a dispersed group at the same time but METT-T conditions may cause the element leader to decide to cross in buddy teams or individually. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.) +e. The platoon/squad moves while maintaining security. •

The platoon/squad clears buildings as necessary to continue movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1110, Assault a Building.)

•

The platoon/squad identifies, reports, marks, and bypasses enemy obstacles, mines, and booby traps.

*f. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures. +6. The platoon/squad consolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. +7. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 8. The squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 9. The platoon/squad continues its mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) *A leader task step. +A critical task step. _____________________________________________________________________________ 117 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: ENGAGE MOVING UNIT CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger unit. The OPFOR element is ordered to engage a moving enemy unit. The OPFOR element has indirect fire and CAS available. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR element surprises the platoon/squad main body. 2. The OPFOR element hinders movement significantly: a. The OPFOR element delays the platoon/squad beyond its allotted time. OR b. The OPFOR element prevents the platoon/squad from moving to its assigned destination or along its prescribed route.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: PERFORM ACTIONS AT AND CROSS A DANGER AREA IN URBAN TERRAIN (7-3/4-XX12) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. The platoon/squad is moving within an urban environment. As they move, they encounter danger areas and are required to perform actions at and cross them. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry platoon/squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the area of operations. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a platoon/squad leader. The platoon/squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad crosses the danger area. The platoon/squad maintains a sufficient force capable of conducting further combat operations. The platoon/squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The platoon/squad leader directs his element to take action on encountering a danger area. a. Ensures the lead element signals "danger area" (relayed throughout the platoon). _____________________________________________________________________________ 119 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use of the NLOS radios to transmit information such as observation of a danger area. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. b. Halts the platoon and maintains local security. Hasty fighting positions are occupied as required. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. c. Moves forward to the lead element and confirms the danger area. Urban danger areas include but are not limited to: •

Open areas.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 120 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



Parking lots and garages.

•

Streets, alleys, and roadways.

•

Intersections.

•

Rooftops.

GO NO-GO

*2. The platoon/squad leader organizes the unit into a lead element and a support element. 3. The support element sets up overwatch for the lead element. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) "Soft Rounds".

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. *4. The platoon/squad leader directs the lead element to reconnoiter the danger area and locate any way to bypass it and makes an estimate based on information received.

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GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use of the NLOS radios to transmit information such as observation of a danger area. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. a. Directs the route for the platoon/squad, if the danger area can be bypassed. Minimum time is spent in or near the danger area. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. b. Controls the crossing of the danger area. The platoon/squad leader: •

Informs all squad/team leaders of the situation.

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GO NO-GO

Designates the near side and far side rally points, if applicable. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The M203 TPT round may be used as a remote-marking munition to mark withdrawal routes.


Ensures that the platoon/squad continues to maintain security in 360 degrees and in three dimensions.

•

Selects the crossing point that best provides cover and concealment. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. *5. The platoon/squad leader selects the far-side clearing method based on observable terrain. The platoon/squad leader may be restricted to clearing the far side by only visual means due to the restrictions of the urban terrain. The far side must be large enough to allow full deployment of the platoon/squad. +6. The platoon/squad leader ensures: a. Observation and security to the flanks. b. Overwatch of the crossing of the far-side security team, (if utilized). _____________________________________________________________________________ 123 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Consider the use of the M203 TPT round as a remote marking munition to facilitate fire control, distribution, and designate locations.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. c. Warning of enemy approach before the main body is engaged. 7. If utilized, the far-side team reconnoiters the far side. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. a. Crosses the danger area as directed. b. Reconnoiters the far side and ensures that any terrain (rubble, buildings, vehicles) that might conceal enemy positions is clear of the enemy. c. Establishes an OP or forward security team forward of the cleared area. d. Signals that the area is clear.

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GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. Soldiers should consider the use of the NLOS radios to transmit information such as an area is clear of enemy and is ready for occupation. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. +8. The platoon/squad crosses the danger area quickly and quietly, if applicable, using the method designated by the platoon/squad leader per METT-T. •

Line (all at once).

•

Small groups.

9. If contact is made, the platoon/squad executes Battle Drill 2, React to Contact (ARTEP 7-8-DRILL). If engaged by a sniper, react IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX10, React to Sniper in MOUT. 10. The platoon/squad continues to maintain security in 360 degrees and in three dimensions. +11. The platoon/squad leader reconsolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 12. The platoon/squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 125 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

13. The platoon/squad secures and evacuates noncombatants and EPWs as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 14. The platoon/squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building.) *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


_____________________________________________________________________________ 126 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: CONTROL A DANGER AREA CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy and defend a position that controls a danger area. The OPFOR element may operate separately or as part of a larger unit. STANDARDS: 1. The OPFOR element detects the crossing. 2. The OPFOR element surprises the main body. 3. The OPFOR element decisively engages the platoon/squad. 4. The OPFOR element prevents the platoon/squad from crossing at its chosen location.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: HANDLE NONCOOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTS DURING OPERATIONS ON THE URBAN BATTLEFIELD (7-3/4-XX13) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. During operations, the platoon/squad encounters civilians who do not appear to pose an immediate threat to the platoon/squad but who are unwilling to cooperate in evacuation from the area. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. They are told whether or not the civilians that they encounter can be expected to be friendly, uncertain, or hostile. Other civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield. A reception/processing station has been established to receive noncombatants and there may be a company or battalion intermediate collection point. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad identifies the noncombatants, searches them, secures them, safeguards them, and moves them out of the immediate area of operations. The noncombatants are delivered to the reception/processing station or to the collection point. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

1. The platoon/squad encountering civilians completes its original assigned task IAW the standards appropriate to that task.


_____________________________________________________________________________ 128 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

2. The platoon/squad dominates the area in which the civilians are encountered. In most cases, domination will be accomplished by the mere presence of armed men, but the appearance of control must be maintained at all times. a. Personnel and equipment are strategically placed to show dominance and defuse the situation, if required. b. Control measures are set for expected or unexpected situations. c. Checkpoints are established and searches conducted if the situation requires. d. The element identifies belligerent personnel (leaders) and segregates them from the others. It treats them as EPW and speeds them to the collection point. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element. 3. The platoon/squad maintains 360 degree and three-dimensional security in the area in which the civilians are encountered.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 129 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO


WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. 4. The platoon/squad searches the civilians and the area in their immediate vicinity for weapons. a. If weapons or uniforms are found, the civilians with them are segregated from noncombatants and treated like EPW until they are processed and their exact status can be determined. (See T&EO 7-3/41503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.) b. If the platoon/squad encounters civilians who can be identified as being combatants or suspected war criminals, they are segregated from noncombatants and they are treated like EPW. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.) c. If the platoon/squad has any questions or suspicions about their status, the civilians in question are segregated from noncombatants and are treated like EPW until they are processed and their exact status can be determined. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control suspect civilian detainees.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 130 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

d. Special consideration must be given to the situation of the press and local officials. ROE will give guidance as to whether the local civilians and officials are to be considered friendly, hostile, or uncertain. ROE will also give indications on how to handle members of the press. The unit treats these personnel as directed. e. The unit keeps identification papers with the civilians, regardless of status, under all circumstances. f. The unit does not let the presence of civilians prevent it from completing the original assigned mission. 5. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during offensive operations. If encountered during a clearing operation, the noncombatants are secured in place until the room/building is secured. a. The assault element silences and secures the noncombatants. b. The support element removes them from the control of the assault element or takes over the mission of the assault element. 6. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during a defensive operation or when assuming a defensive posture. The noncombatants are removed as soon as possible so that position preparation may continue without being observed by the noncombatants. a. The assault or initial element silences the noncombatants. b. The assault or initial element prevents the noncombatants from moving and/or disrupting operations or endangering friendly forces. c. If the noncombatants do not follow instructions, they are restrained and gagged. R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control unruly civilian detainees.

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GO NO-GO

WARNING Do not use materials to gag the noncombatants that will obstruct or restrict their breathing passages. d. The unit safeguards the noncombatants. It provides humane but firm treatment at all times to include first aid, if necessary. e. The support element removes them from the control of the assault element or takes over the mission of the assault element. f. If the noncombatants cannot be immediately removed from the platoon/squad’s area, they are moved to a location where they may be easily controlled with the least number of personnel. 7. When the mission permits, the noncombatants are collected and removed from the building and evacuated to a processing/reception station or to an intermediate collection point run by the company or battalion. Guards are assigned to escort the noncombatants. 8. The guards escorting the noncombatants are prepared to give concise information to the processing/reception station or intermediate collection point about the original location of the noncombatants and their actions since being encountered (such as reluctant, totally uncooperative, hostile, etc.). 9. The platoon/squad continues operations. *A leader task step. +A critical task step.

_____________________________________________________________________________ 132 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: Role players are required to be belligerent and noncooperative.

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ELEMENT: PLATOON/SQUAD TASK: EVACUATE COOPERATIVE NONCOMBATANTS DURING OPERATIONS ON THE URBAN BATTLEFIELD (7-3/4-XX14) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The platoon/squad is operating as part of a company in an urban environment. During operations, the platoon/squad encounters civilians who do not appear to pose an immediate threat to the platoon/squad and who are willing to cooperate in being evacuated from the area of operations. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The platoon/squad is specifically told that it is operating under high intensity conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. They are told whether or not the civilians that they encounter can be expected to be friendly, hostile, or uncertain. Other civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield. A reception/processing station has been established to receive noncombatants and there may be a company or battalion intermediate collection point. TASK STANDARDS: The platoon/squad identifies the noncombatants, secures them, safeguards them, and assists them in moving out of the immediate area of operations. The noncombatants are delivered to the reception/processing station or to the collection point. The platoon/squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

1. The element encountering civilians completes its original assigned task IAW the standards appropriate to that task. R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. 2. The platoon/squad dominates the area in which the civilians are encountered. In most cases, domination will be accomplished by the mere presence of armed men, but the appearance of control must be maintained at all times.

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GO NO-GO

3. The platoon/squad maintains 360-degree and three-dimensional security in the area in which the civilians are encountered. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.

R-5B, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance of the inside of tunnel systems, buildings, and other objective areas. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.


WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. 4. The platoon/squad searches the area in the immediate vicinity of the civilians for weapons. a. If weapons or uniforms are found, the civilians are segregated from noncombatants and are treated like EPW until they are processed and their exact status can be determined. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.) _____________________________________________________________________________ 135 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

b. If the platoon/squad encounters civilians who can be identified as being combatants or suspected war criminals, they are segregated from the noncombatants and are treated like EPW. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control suspect civilian detainees. c. If the platoon/squad has any questions or suspicions about their status, they are segregated from noncombatants and are treated like EPW until they are processed and their exact status can be determined. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials.) d. Special consideration must be given to the situation of the press and local officials. ROE will give guidance as to whether the local civilians and officials are to be considered friendly, hostile, or uncertain. ROE will also give indications on how to handle members of the press. The unit treats these personnel as directed. e. The unit keeps identification papers with the civilians, regardless of status, under all circumstances. f. The unit does not let the presence of civilians prevent it from completing the original assigned mission. 5. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during offensive operations. If encountered during a clearing operation, the noncombatants are secured in place until the room/building is secured. a. The assault element silences and secures the noncombatants. If possible, they are evacuated immediately to prevent injuries. b. The support element removes them from the control of the assault element or takes over the mission of the assault element. 6. The platoon/squad handles the noncombatants during a defensive operation or when assuming a defensive posture. The noncombatants are removed as soon as possible so that position preparation may continue without being observed by the noncombatants. _____________________________________________________________________________ 136 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

a. The assault or initial element silences the noncombatants if required for the security of the mission. b. If it has not already been accomplished and if available, units should hand out flyers which tell the noncombatants that they are being removed for their own protection and that they will be allowed to return as soon as possible. These should be prepared by PSYOPS, civil affairs, or public affairs personnel or by the local government. c. The assault or initial element prevents the noncombatants from disrupting operations or endangering friendly forces. It does not allow noncombatants to observe operations. In particular, members of the press must be prevented from filming ongoing operations and defensive positions. R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices, to control civilian detainees.

WARNING Do not use materials to gag the noncombatants that will obstruct or restrict their breathing passages. d. The unit safeguards the noncombatants. It provides humane but firm treatment at all times to include first aid, if necessary. 7. If the ROE and mission time constraints permit, the unit allows the noncombatants to gather one suitcase and pets under close supervision. This is not usually practical when assaulting a building. 8. The noncombatants are collected and removed from the building and evacuated to a processing/reception station or to an intermediate collection point run by the company or battalion. Guards are usually assigned to escort the noncombatants. Under certain circumstances, the noncombatants may be given directions to the collection point and simply overwatched until they reach it.

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GO NO-GO

9. The guards escorting the noncombatants are prepared to give concise information to the processing/reception station or intermediate collection point about the original location of the noncombatants and their actions since being encountered (such as helpful, etc.). 10. The platoon/squad completes its original assigned task IAW the standards appropriate to that task. *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: Role players are required to be cooperative civilians.

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ELEMENT: TEAM/ASSAULT ELEMENT TASK: CLEAR A ROOM (7-3/4-XX16) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The team/assault element is operating as part of a squad in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear the building. The squad is inside the building and is directed to enter and clear a room. The squad leader designates the team as an assault element for room clearing. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The team/assault element is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE). The team/assault element is supported only by the platoon’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the room. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a team/assault element leader. His team/assault element may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The team/assault element enters, clears, and secures the room by killing, capturing, or forcing the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the room. The team/assault element maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The team/assault element suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The team/assault element complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The team/assault element leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. In particular, the team/assault element leader must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. a. When full four-man teams are not available for room clearing, threeman and two-man teams can be used. _____________________________________________________________________________ 139 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

R-5, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance and intelligence of a given area. *b. The team/assault element leader may designate a breach technique and a breaching element if these are not designated for him.

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings. R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used or aren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building .

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building. NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside a building due to overpressure upon detonation and minimum firing distance necessary to arm the round. *c. The team/assault element leader designates the breach (entry) point. The breach (entry) point will be determined by the construction of the building and the resources available.

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GO NO-GO

R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: Leaders should consider employment of the M203 TPT round as a remote-marking munition to mark the entry point.

WARNING The M203 TPT round has a metal projectile body that can ricochet and cause injuries. *+d. The assault element leader assigns tasks to team members. *+2. The team/assault element leader ensures that the team/assault element prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, the team/assault element leader must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•

Determine the soldier's load based on the mission. In addition to standard equipment such as protective vests, Kevlar helmets, and weapons, additional ammunition, grenades and water must be carried. Leaders need to consider reducing the overall load due to the extreme physical requirements of the urban battlefield. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

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GO NO-GO

R-11, Clearly ID Friendlies: To prevent the possibility of fratricide, all soldiers should wear and/or carry means of identification that clearly distinguish them to other friendlies while not signaling them to the enemy. R-12, Personal Protection Equipment: To reduce the high rates of injury to elbows and knees due to hard surfaces encountered in builtup areas, all soldiers are encouraged to wear Personal Protection Equipment.


R-14C, Personal Protection Kit Version C: Before entering and clearing rooms, squad members should use special protective gloves and sleeves to protect against cuts and abrasions.


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GO NO-GO



Conduct rehearsals.

*3. The assault element leader directs the members to approach the breach (entry) point. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. 4. When moving, members of the assault element use appropriate movement techniques. The assault element maintains three-dimensional and 360 degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.) _____________________________________________________________________________ 143 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

5. Once stationary in the vicinity of the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point, the assault element: a. Stays in a standing or crouched position but not in a kneeling position. b. Holds their weapons in an appropriate carry position. c. Ensures the muzzles of their weapons are not pointed at other members. d. Signals one another that they are prepared before entering the room IAW unit SOP. *6. The assault element leader gives the command of execution. +7. The breaching element executes the breach of the room (either explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings. R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used or aren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes. NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside a building due to overpressure upon detonation and minimum firing distance necessary to arm the round.

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GO NO-GO

8. The breach will normally be followed by throwing a grenade or distraction device into the room if the situation permits. If not determined for him, the assault element leader will determine what type of grenade or distraction device to use depending on the ROE and situation. R-34, Stun Grenade: Soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades to prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants. +9. When the grenade or distraction device explodes or as soon as the breach is executed if a grenade is not used, the assault element moves through the breach (entry) point quickly and clears the room IAW FM 7-8, Battle Drill 6, Clear a Room. +a. The assault element moves to and eliminates the immediate threat, engaging the most immediate enemy threats first. They move using a careful hurry. They do not rush with total disregard for any obstacles. R-24, Frangible Ammunition: Leaders should consider the use of 5.56-mm Controlled Penetration Ammunition (CPA) “Soft Rounds” for room clearing. These rounds, which will penetrate human bodies/walls and then stop either in the body or in the wall, reduce the possibility of fratricide or collateral damage to noncombatants.

WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy not so equipped. +b. The assault element takes up positions inside the room that allow the element to completely dominate the room and eliminate the threat. They engage targets as they move to their designated points. Engagements do not slow their movement to their points of domination. Team members exercise fire control and discriminate between hostile and noncombatant occupants of the room. _____________________________________________________________________________ 145 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

+c. They observe the ceiling, the floor, and the walls for mouseholes and loopholes. +d. The assault element maintains rear security at the breach (entry) site. 10. Team members stop movement only after they have cleared the door and reached their designated points of domination. Points of domination are not in front of doors and windows so team members do not silhouette themselves. 11. A detailed search is conducted if the tactical situation permits. *+12. Once the room is cleared, the leader of the assault element signals to the squad leader that the room has been cleared. The assault element leader also notifies the squad leader of any information regarding the room (i.e., adjoining rooms, mouseholes, enemy or noncombatants inside, etc.). The room is marked IAW unit SOP. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. The assault team leader can communicate to his squad leader any information using the NLOS radio. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.

R-5, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) for reconnaissance and intelligence of a given area. *13. The assault element leader determines whether or not the assault element can continue to clear through the building and reports this status to the squad leader.

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GO NO-GO

14. The assault element continues to maintain security in 360-degrees and in three dimensions. +15. The assault element leader reconsolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 16. The assault element treats and evacuates casualties as necessary IAW T&EO 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties. 17. The assault element secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Material and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 7-3/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 18. The team/assault element continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/4-1118, Defend a Building). * A leader task step + A critical task step

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1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: DEFEND A ROOM CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in a room. The OPFOR is operating separately or as part of a larger force. STANDARDS: The OPFOR prevents the team/assault element from clearing the room. a. Retains forces in the room. b. Counterattacks, regains, and maintains a foothold in the room.

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ELEMENT: SQUAD TASK: ESTABLISH A FOOTHOLD IN AN UPPER STORY OF A BUILDING (7-3/4-XXX17) (MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, FM 7-8, FM 90-10-1) ITERATION 1 2 3 4 5 M (circle) TRAINING STATUS T P U (circle) CONDITIONS: The squad is operating as part of a platoon in an urban environment. The platoon identifies enemy of unknown size in a building and is required to clear the building. The squad is directed to breach, enter, and clear a foothold in an upper story of the building. Some iterations should be performed in MOPP 4. The squad is specifically told whether it is operating under high intensity or under precision conditions. It is given restrictive Rules Of Engagement (ROE) that match the conditions. The Infantry squad is supported only by the company’s organic weapons. Civilians, government organizations, nongovernment organizations, private organizations, and the international press may be present on the battlefield and in the building. The presence of civilians can restrict the use of fires and can reduce the combat power available to a squad leader. His squad may have to operate with “no fire” areas. ROE can prohibit the use of certain weapons until a specific hostile action takes place. NOTE: Unit commanders developing situational training exercises must base the standards on the conditions (high intensity or precision) chosen and select the appropriate performance measures. TASK STANDARDS: The squad creates a breach to enter the building at higher than ground level, enters, and kills, captures, or forces the withdrawal of all enemy forces in the initial foothold. The squad maintains a sufficient force capable of repelling an enemy counterattack and conducting further combat operations. The squad suffers no casualties from friendly fire. Leaders must include the precise use of weapons in their planning for missions in urban terrain. Urban terrain requires precise application of firepower under any conditions. Collateral damage is limited to the extent necessary to accomplish the mission. The squad complies with the ROE. TASK STEPS AND PERFORMANCE MEASURES

GO NO-GO

*+1. The squad leader conducts troop leading procedures IAW T&EO 73/4-1605, Develop and Communicate a Plan. The squad leader: a. Must include the precise use of weapons in his planning. b. Identifies and designates: _____________________________________________________________________________ 149 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999



GO NO-GO

The target building. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect to mark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.


Any obstacles. R-5A, Intelligence Collection/Dissemination: Leaders should consider the use of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) for overflight mapping and reconnaissance of an objective area. This will allow reconnaissance of the objective area without the enemy learning the strength, location, or intentions of the main element.


An assault element.

•

A support element, if required. The support element may be provided by the platoon.

•

A separate breaching element, if appropriate.

•

The type of breaching technique (explosive, mechanical, or ballistic).

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GO NO-GO

R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives cannot be used or are not appropriate or available for breaching, the assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building.

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition: The assault team should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building. •

The method of gaining access to the upper level entry point.

•

The size of enemy forces engaging the squad. (The number of enemy automatic weapons, the presence of vehicles, and the employment of indirect fires are indicators of enemy strength.)

•

A primary and alternate breach (entry) point. The squad should enter the building at the highest level possible. R-8, Remote Marking Munitions: The squad leader may elect to mark the breach location with the M203 TPT round.


A covered and concealed route to the breach (entry) point.

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GO NO-GO



The order of march to the breach (entry) point).

•


*c. The squad leader directs and supervises active and passive sniper countermeasures. +*2. The squad leader ensures that the squad prepares for its mission IAW T&EO 7-3/4-1606, Prepare for Combat. In particular, all leaders in the squad must vigorously: •


•

Enforce the ROE.

•


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GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data.





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GO NO-GO



Conduct rehearsals.

3. If the support element is part of the squad, it conducts movement into position. 4. The squad leader ensures that the support element is in place. The assault element conducts movement only after the support element is in position to isolate the building with direct and indirect fires and to provide suppression and obscuration.

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GO NO-GO

R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. This type of radio may also be able to provide the user with hands off capabilities, minimum body movement for operation, and remote channel/frequency changing. If fielded to each soldier, it may provide the capability of a unit intercom. Leaders should ensure their NLOS radios are checked and serviceable prior to conduct of the mission. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. 5. The squad maneuvers to the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point. The squad maintains three-dimensional and 360 degree security during movement. (See T&EO 7-3/4-XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.) 6. The squad leader moves with the element where he can best command and control the squad. *7. The squad leader directs the breaching and assault element(s) to breach and enter the building to secure a foothold. 8. The breaching and assault element(s): a. Prepare to move in the last covered and concealed position prior to the breach (entry) point in the correct order for the selected breaching technique (explosive, ballistic, or mechanical). Use nonverbal signaling when appropriate to indicate readiness to conduct the breach. b. Conduct movement to the breach (entry) point IAW T&EO 7-3/4XX11, Move Tactically in Urban Terrain.

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Use covered and concealed routes (moves along underground passages, through or behind buildings, along walls, and over rooftops; avoid streets, alleys, and other danger areas unless necessary); exploit limited visibility conditions whenever possible.

•


•


•

Cross danger areas IAW T&EO 7-3/4-XX12, Perform Actions at and Cross a Danger Area in Urban Terrain.

GO NO-GO

c. Arrive at the breach (entry) point undetected if conducting a stealthy breach. d. Maintain immediate/local three-dimensional and 360-degree security during movement and in the vicinity of the breach (entry) point. +9. The designated breaching element conducts the breach. If at all possible, the breach is conducted so that the assault element does not have to pause at the breach (entry) point. R-27, Man Size Hole: Leaders should consider the use of the Beast or Explosive Cutting Tape (ECT) for creating man sized breaches both on the exterior and interior of buildings allowing soldiers access for assaulting and movement in and through buildings.

R-30A, Breaching Devices: When explosives can’t be used or aren’t appropriate or available for breaching, the breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the Hooligan’s Tool, etc, to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building .

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GO NO-GO

R-30B, Rifle Launched Entry Munition (RLEM): The breaching element should consider the use of breaching devices such as the rifle launched entry munition to force open doors, windows, and to create mouseholes to enter a building. NOTE: The RLEM is not normally appropriate for use inside a building due to overpressure upon detonation and minimum firing distance necessary to arm the round. *+10. The assault element under the squad leader’s control assaults the objective building. The squad leader directs the assault element to locate, mark, bypass, and/or clear obstacles and booby traps. a. Approaches from the enemy’s flank or rear when possible. •

Checks for booby traps when forced to enter through any location that has not been explosively breached.

•

Throws (cooked off, if needed) grenades or distraction devices of appropriate type through openings prior to entry if the situation and the ROE allow. The ROE and squad leader’s decision-making process will determine the type of grenade or distraction device thrown. R-34, Stun Grenade: To prevent the possibility of fratricide or injury to noncombatants, soldiers should consider the use of nonlethal stun grenades rather than fragmentation grenades.

+b. Moves through the entry point as quickly as possible. +c. Clears the foothold using the same techniques as in MOUT ACTD Handbook #1, Battle Drill 1, Clear a Room. •

Moves to their respective points of domination that are not located in front of doors and windows.

•

Engages enemy personnel while moving.

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GO NO-GO


WARNING Because frangible ammunition disintegrates upon impact with any surface harder than the projectile itself, eye protection should be worn to protect against fragments. NOTE: The use of frangible ammunition can and will prevent firing through objects (furniture, walls, etc.). This could place the unit at a severe disadvantage against an enemy who is not so equipped. •

Dominates the room.

+11. The support element: a. If providing fire support, destroys or suppresses enemy weapons that are firing effectively against the squad. Under precision conditions, to limit collateral damage and noncombatant injuries, fires only on enemy positions that have been identified or on locations designated by the squad leader. b. Shifts suppressive fires from the upper stories (where the breach is being conducted) to other floors of the building. c. Repositions, if necessary, to continue to isolate and suppress the building from the outside. d. If providing entry support, moves to the breach (entry) point ahead of or along with the assault element. Erects ladders and holds them. Throws grappling hooks and pulls the ropes taught. Moves vehicles or other climbing support aids to the breach (entry) point. Assists assault element members in climbing. e. Enters the breach (entry) point immediately after the assault element to provide support for continued clearing.

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GO NO-GO

*12. The squad leader moves into the building with the assault element or immediately after it, bringing in the support element. *13. The squad leader will: a. Verify that the foothold is clear. b. Call for the support element to move into the building, if applicable. c. Mark the entry point IAW unit SOP. d. Notify the platoon leader that the squad has gained a foothold in the building. R-3, NLOS Radio: Due to the line of sight (LOS) nature of unit TO&E FM radios and the decentralized nature of combat in urban terrain, the use of a NLOS radio for improved communication capabilities should be considered. The assault team leader can use the NLOS radio to communicate any information his team members to the squad leader. The squad leader can in turn contact the platoon leader and can call forward the support element. NOTE: Because of their lack of secure capability, transmissions on these radios must be considered to be monitored by enemy forces, news media, and any entity with a minimum of technology. Transmissions must be characterized by the use of call signs, authentication, and prowords to transmit data. 14. The support element moves through the same entry point to assist in securing the foothold.

*+15. The squad leader reconsolidates and reorganizes as necessary IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-1607, Perform Consolidation and Reorganization. 16. The squad treats and evacuates casualties as necessary (IAW T&EO Task 7-3/4-4505, Treat and Evacuate Casualties.

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GO NO-GO

17. The squad secures and evacuates EPWs and noncombatants as necessary. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1503, Process Enemy Prisoners of War/Captured Materials and T&EO 7-3/4-XX13, Handle Noncooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield and T&EO 73/4-XX14, Evacuate Cooperative Noncombatants During Operations on the Urban Battlefield.) R-35, Personnel Restraints: Soldiers can carry and use small and easily portable (in a pocket) restraint devices to control civilian detainees or captured military personnel. 18. The squad continues the mission or takes up hasty defensive positions. (See T&EO 7-3/4-1115, Execute Defense and T&EO 7-3/41118, Defend a Building.) *A leader task step. +A critical task step.


1

2

3

4

5

M

TOTAL


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OPFOR TASKS AND STANDARDS TASK: PREVENT ENTRY INTO A BUILDING CONDITIONS: The OPFOR element is ordered to occupy a defensive position in a building and to prevent entry. The OPFOR element is operating separately or as part of a larger force. The OPFOR element may have indirect fire available. STANDARDS: The OPFOR element: a. Prevents the squad from creating a breach. b. Prevents the squad from entering the entry point/building. c. Counterattacks, regains the entry point, and ejects the squad from the building.

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GLOSSARY CAS CP CPA

close air support command post controlled penetration ammunition

EPW

enemy prisoner of war

FO FPF

forward observer final protection fires

IAW

in accordance with

LOS

line of sight

METT-T MG MOPP

mission, enemy, terrain, troops, and time available machine gun mission-oriented protective posture

NLOS NLT

non-line-of-sight not later than

OP OPSEC

observation post operations security

ROE

Rules of Engagement

SAW SOP

squad automatic weapon standing operating procedure

T&EO TPT TRP

training and evaluation outline target practice tracer (round) target reference point

_____________________________________________________________________________ Glossary-1 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999


_____________________________________________________________________________ Glossary-2 VERSION 7, 1 APRIL 1999

Military Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) Part 2

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