mikro ekonomi 7

]bkvc }chgeil aier ekhtrobh : Iaitih pivi pbofbac+ekhtrobh rh}re obofbac abfcl fihsie fivihg pimi livgi sihg … abfcl vbhmil mih obhgrvihgc pbofbacihhsi pimi livgi sihg }chggc( Figicoihi tbkvihg ekhtrobh obhbh}reih jroail mih ekopktctc mivc fivihg sihg … ieih mcfbac mivc pbhmipi}ih sihg mcpbvkablhsi( ]bkvc }chgeil aier ekhtrobh mipi} mcfbmieih miaio mri oidio pbhmbei}ih:  pbhmbei}ih hcaic grhi ,r}cac}c# eivmchia mih pbhmbei}ih hcaic grhi kvmchia( Miaio  pbhmbei}ih hcaic grhi eivmchia mcihggip oihnii} i}ir ebhceoi}ih sihg mcpbvkabl tbkvihg ekhtrobh mipi} mchsi}ieih m chsi}ieih tbdivi erih}c}i}cn( Miaio pbhmbei}ih  Hcaic grhi kvmchia! oihnii} i}ir ebhceoi}ih sihg mcpbvkabl oitsiviei} mivc obhgekhtrotceih fivihg/fi}ihg }cmie mcerih}cnceitc( erv~i ebpritih tioi! sic}r erv~i sihg obhggiofiveih gifrhgih fivihg sihg ieih obofbvceih hciac grhi ,ebpritih# sihg tioi( ]BKVC HCAIC GRHI ,R]CAC]C# Mc miaio }bkvc bekhkoc ebpritih i}ir ebhceoi}ih sihg mcpbvkabl tbtbkvihg mivc obhgekhtrotceih fivihg/fivihg mchioieih hcaic grhi i}ir r}cac}c( Miaio obofilit obhgbhic hcaic grhi pbvar mcfbmieih mc ih}ivi mri pbhgbv}cih: hcaic grhi }k}ia mih hcaic grhi oivjchia( Hcaic grhi }k}ia mipi} mciv}ceih tbfigic jroail tbarvrl ebpritih sihg mcpbvkabl miaio obhgekhtrotceih fivihg }bv}bh}r( Tbmihgeih hcaic grhi oivjchia fbviv}c pbv}iofilih ,i}ir pbhgrvihgih# ebpritih tbfigic iecfi} mih  pbv}iofilih ,i}ir pbhgrvihgih# pbhggrhiih ti}r rhc} fivihg }bv}bh}r( LCPK]BTCT R]IOI ]BKVC HCAIC GRHI Lcpk}btct r}ioi }bkvc hcaic grhi! i}ir abfcl mcebhia tbfigic lrero hcaic grhi oivjchia sihg tboiech obhrvrh! obhsi}ieih filwi }iofilih hcaic ieih mcpbvkabl tbtbkvihg mivc obhgekhtrotceih tri}r fivihg ieih obhjimc tboiech tbmcec} ipifcai kvihg }bvtbfr} }bvrt/obhbvrt obhiofil ekhtrotchsi( Pimi ielcvhsi hcaic grhi i eih obhjim hbgi}cn/ sic}r ipifcai ekhtrotc eb i}it fivihg }bvtbfr} mc}iofil ti}r rhc} aigc! oiei hcaic gr hi }k}ia ieih obhjimc tboiech tbmcec}( Pimi liecei}hsi lcpk}btct }bvtbfr} obhjbaiteih filwi pbv}iofifih sihg }bvrt/obhbvrt miaio obhgektrotc tri}r fivihg }cmie tbdivi }bvrt obhbvrt obhiofil ebpritih sihg mchceoi}c kvihg sihg obhgekhtrotchsi(  HCAIC GRHI ]K]IA MIAIO IHGEI MIH GVINCE  Dkh}kl Ihgei

Dkh}kl miaio }ifba }bvtbfr} obhrhjreeih filwi lchggi oihggi sihg ebmbaipih hcaic grhi oivjchia imiail pktc}cn! oiei hcaic grhi }k}ia }bvrt obhbvrt fbv}iofil jroailhsi( Eb}cei oboieih oihggi sihg ebtbofcaih hcaic grhi oivjchia imiail hbgi}cn( Chc fbviv}c ebpritih mivc oboieih oihggi obhdipic }chgei} sihg piachg oietcoro ipifcai jroail oihggi sihg mcoieih imiail mbaipih( ]iofilih/}iofilih sihg tbaihjr}hsi ieih obhgrvihgc ebpritih sihg mcmipi} mih oboieih abfcl fihsie fril oihggi( Miaio dkh}kl mc}rhjreeih ipifcai ekhtrobh }bvtbfr} oboieih tbofcaih! tbprarl i}ir tbfbait oihggi! ebpritih sihg mcmipi} mih ekhtrotc }bvtbfr} imiail abfcl vbhmil mivcpimi ebpritih sihg mcmipi} mih oboieih mbaipih oihggi( Jrgi dkh}kl mc i}it obhrhjreeih  filwi imiail abfcl fice oboieih acoi oihggi mivcpimi tbfbait oihggi! eivbhi ebpritih sihg mchceoi}c mivc oboieih acoi oihggi imiail abfcl fbtiv(

Gvince Hcaic Grhi

PBOIETCOROIH HCAIC GRHI Tiail ti}r pboctiaih pbh}chg miaio }bkvc bekhkoc imiail: tb}cip kvihg ieih fbvrtili rh}re oboietcoroeih ebpritih sihg mipi} mchceoi}chsi( Mbhgih pbvei}iih aich! tb}cip kvihg ieih fbvrtili rh}re oboietcoroeih hcaic grhi mih fivihg/fivihg sihg mcekhtrotceihhsi( }chgei} sihg oietcoro imiail }chgei} sihg mcdipic pimi wie}r hcaic grhi }k}ia obhdipic }chgei} oietcoro( DIVI OBOIETCOROEIH HCAIC GRHI Ebvroc}ih sihg }cofra rh}re obhbh}reih trtrhih+ekopktctc mih jroail fivihg sihg ieih obwrjrmeih hcaic grhi sihg oietcoro fbvtrofbv mivc pbvfbmiih livgi/livgi  fbvfigic fivihg( Eiair livgi tb}cip fivihg imiail fbvtioiih! hcaic grhi ieih obhdipic }chgei} sihg oietcoro ipifcai hcaic grhi oivjchia mivc tb}cip fivihg imiail tioi fbtivhsi( Mc miaio ebhsi}iih sihg tbfbhivhsi livgi fbvfigic jbhct fivihg imiail fbvfbmi( Mctbfifeih kabl pbvfbmiih livgi }bvtbfr} pboietcoroih hcaic grhi }cmie ieih }bvdipic eiair mcgrhieih tsivi} pboietcoroih ebpritih tbpbv}c sihg mc}bvihgeih mc i}it( Chc mipi} mbhgih jbait mcacli} mivc dkh}kl fbvcer}( Octiaeih ,c# livgi fivihg I imiail }cgi eiac mih livgi fivihg F! mih ,cc# hcaic grhi oivjchia ebmri fivihg }bvtbfr} imiail tioi fbtivhsi( Fbvmitiveih ebpimi pboctiaih chc!  fivihg oihieil sihg ieih obofbvc }iofilih ebpritih ,i}ir }iofilih hcaic grhi# sihg abfcl fbtiv; Ci ieih mcpbvkabl ipifcai sihg mcfbac mih mcekhtrotceih imiail fivihg F mih freih fivihg I( Ti}r rhc} fivihg F ieih obofbvceih hcaic grhi oivjchia sihg tioi  fbtivhsi mbhgih fivihg I! }b}ipc rh}re obopbvkablhsi ci drerp obhgbariveih tbfihsie tbpbv}cgi mi}c livgi fivihg I( Mih tbecvihsi ekhtrobh }bvtbfr} obofbac }cgi  fivihg F! hcaic grhi }iofilih sihg ieih mcpbvkabl imiail }cgi eiac mivcpimi hcaic grhi }iofilih sihg mcpbvkabl mivc obhgekhtrotceih fivihg I! tbmihgeih jroail rihg sihg mcfisiv imiail tioi fbtivhsi(

T SIVI] PBOIETCOROIH HCAIC GRHI Tsivi} sihg livrt mcpbhrlc imiail: tb}cip vrpcil sihg mcebariveih rh}re obofbac rhc} }iofilih fbvfigic jbhct fivihg ieih obofbvceih hcaic grhi oivjchia sihg tioi  fbtivhsi( …

Tbtbkvihg ieih oboietcoroeih hcaic grhi mivc fivihg/fivihg sihg mcekhtrotceihhsi ipifcai pbvfihmchgih hcaic grhi oivjchia fbvfigic fivihg }bvtbfr} imiail tioi mbhgih pbvfihmchgih livgi fivihg/fivihg }bvtbfr}(

…

Tbtbkvihg ieih oboietcoroeih hcaic grhi mivc fivihg/fivihg sihg mcekhtrotceihhsi ipifcai hcaic grhi oivjchia rh}re tb}cip vrpcil sihg mcebariveih imiail tioi rh}re tb}cip fivihg sihg mcekhtrotceih(

I}ir miaio vrort iajifiv :

Miaio pbvtioiih mc i}it OR imiaif hcaic grhi oivjchia mih PI! PF! PD fbv}rvr}/}rvr} imiail livgi fivihg I! fivihg F mih fivihg D( ]BKVC HJAIC GRHI MIH ]BKVC PBVOCH]IIH Imi mri nie}kv sihg obhsbfifeih pbvoch}iih eb i}it tri}r fivihg fbvrfil ipifcai livgi fivihg c}r obhgiaioc pbvrfilih: bnbe pbhggih}cih mih bnbe pbhmipi}ih( BNBE PBHGGIH]CIH Eiair livgi vhbhgiaioc ebhiceih! hcaic grhi oivjchia pbv vrpcil sihg mcwrjrmeih kabl  fivihg }bvtbfr} obhjimc tboiech vbhmil( Octiahsi livgi fivihg I fbv}iofil }chggc! oiei tbfigic iecfi}hsi tbeivihg OR fivihg I+PI obhjimc abfcl ebdca mivc tborai( Eiair livgi fivihg/fivihg aichhsi }cmie obhgiaioc pbvrfilih aigc oiei  pbvfihmchgih mc ih}ivi hcaic grhi oivjchia fivihg/fivihg c}r mbhgih livgihsi ,i}ir hcaic grhi oivjchia pbv vrpcil mih fivihg/fivihg c}r# }cmie obhgiaioc pbvrfilih( Mbhgih mbocecih! rh}re fivihg F octiahsi! OR fivihg F+Pt sihg tbeivihg imiail tioi mbhgih tbfbarohsi( Fbviv}c tbtrmil livgi fivihg I hice! ebimiih sihg fbvcer} fbvaier:

Miaio ebimiih tbpbv}c mc i}it! hcaic grhi ieih obhjimc fbv}iofil fihsie ,oiei ebpritih ekhtrobh ieih obhjimc fbv}iofil }chggc# tbecvihsi ekhtrobh c}r obofbac abfcl fihsie fivihg F mih obhgrvihgc pbofbacih fivihg I( Ebimiih mc i}it obhrhjreeih filwi eiair livgi hice! pbvoch}iih }bvlimip fivihg sihg obhgiaioc ebhiceih livgi }bvtbfr} ieih obhjimc tboiech tbmcec}(

Mbhgih divi sihg tioi tbeivihg }cmie trtil rh}re obhrhjreeih filwi pbhrvrhih livgi obhsbfifeih pbvoch}iih eb i}it fivihg sihg obhgiaioc pbhrvrhih livgi c}r ieih obhjimc fbv}iofil fihsie( Pbhrvrhih livgi obhsbfifeih fivihg c}r obwrjrmeih hcaic grhi oivjchia pbv vrpcil sihg abfcl }chggc mivcpimi hcaic grhi oivjchia pbv vrpcil mivc fivihg/fivihg aichhsi sihg }ie fbvrfil livgihsi( Oiei! eivbhi obofbac fivihg }bvtbfr} ieih oboietcoroeih hcaic grhi! pbvoch}iih eb i}it fivihg }bvtbfr} obhjimc  fbv}iofil fihsie ipifcai livgihsi fbv}iofil vbhmil( BNBE PBHMIPI ]IH Eiair pbhmipi}ih }cmie obhgiaioc pbvrfilih oiei ebhiceih livgi obhsbfifeih  pbhmipi}ih vcca obhjimc tboiech tbmcec}( Mbhgih pbvei}iih aich! eboioprih pbhmipi}ih sihg mc}bvcoi rh}re obofbac fivihg/fivihg obhjimc fbv}iofil ebdca mivc tbfbarohsi( Oiei ebhiceih livgi obhsbfifeih ekhtrobh obhgrvihgc jroail fbvfigic fivihg sihg mcfbachsi! }bvoitre fivihg sihg obhgiaioc ebhiceih livgi( Pbhrvrhih livgi tri}r  fivihg obhsbfifeih pbhmipi}ih vcca fbv}iofil! mih chc ieih obhmkvkhg ekhtrobh obhiofil jroail fivihg sihg mcfbachsi( Iecfi} mih pbvrfilih livgi ebpimi  pbhmipi}ih chc! sihg mctbfr} bnbe pbhmipi}ih! abfcl obopbveri} aigc bnbe pbhggih}cih mc miaio obwrjrmeih erv~i pbvoch}iih sihg obhrvrh mih ecvc i}it eb eihih fiwil( OBWRJRMEIH ERV^I PBVOCH]IIH Ihmiceih tbkvihg ekhtrobh lihsi obofbc mri jbhct fivihg! sic}r oieihih ,o# mih  pieicih ,e#( Ihmiceih ipifcai ci obhggrhieih 90 rhc} oieihih! ekhtrobh c}r obhdipic ebtbcofihgih ekhtrobh! sic}r:

Pimi eb}cei ebtbcofihgih c}r mcdipic! Po ,livgi oieihih# imiail Vp 90000( Miaio dkh}kl chc ieih mcpbvli}ceih pbvrfilih erih}c}it pbvoch}iih oieihih! oiei erih}c}it  pieicih sihg mcfbac mih livgi pieicih }cmie pbvar mceb}ilrc( Tb}bvrthsi octiaeih livgi pieicih }cmie fbvrfil }b}ipc livgi oieihih }rvrh mih Vp 90000 obhjimc Vp 2000! oiei

mc oihi imiail livgi oieihih fivr! sic}r Vp 2000( Ebimiih mc i}it obhsbfifeih ekhtrobh obhiofil pbhggrhiih oieihih! octiahsi mivc 90 rhc} obhjimc 92 rhc}( Pimi erih}c}it mih livgi oieihih sihg fivr chc! ebtbcofihgih ekhtrobh ieih mcdipic ebofiac( Tb}bvrthsi octiaeih filwi livgi oieihih hice obhjimc Vp 92000 mih livgi  pieicih }cmie obhgiaioc pbvrfilih( Tbfigic iecfi}hsi:

Oiei pbvrfilih c}r obhsbfifeih :

Eb}cmietbcofihgih chc obhsbfifeih pbhggrhi obhgrvihgc erih}c}it oieihih sihg mcfbachsi( Octiaeih ekhtrobh obhdipic ebtbcofihgih ebofiac ipifcai ci obofbac 2 rhc} oieihih( Mivcpimi dkh}kl mc i}it mipi} mctcopraeih filwi dcvc pbvoch}iih ekhtrobh c}r eb i}it oieihih imiail: c( Pimi Pimi livg livgii Vp 9200 92000 0 tbfih bfihs sie 2 rhc} rhc} ieih ieih mcfb mcfbaac( cc( Pimi Pimi livg livgii Vp Vp 900 90000 00 tbfih bfihs sie 90 rhc} rhc} ieih ieih mcfb mcfbac ac(( ccc( ccc( Pimi Pimi livg livgii Vp Vp 200 2000 0 tbf tbfih ihsi sie e 92 92 rhc rhc}} iei ieih h mcf mcfba bac( c(

PIVIMKET HCAIC Tbfbaro }bkvc hcaic grhi mcebofihgeih! ilac/ilac bekhkoc obhglimipc ebtrac}ih mc miaio obhbvihgeih pbvfbmiih sihg obhskake mc ih}ivi livgi icv mih livgi fbvacih( Icv  obvrpieih fivihg sihg tihgi} fbvlivgi ebpimi oihrtci }b}ipc livgihsi tihgi} orvil( Tbmihgeih fbvacih freihail fbhmi sihg tihgi} pbh}chg miaio eblcmrpih tblivc/livc }b}ipc livgihsi jirl abfcl oilia mivc livgi icv( Ipieil sihg obhsbfifeih ebimiih sihg ihbl }bvtbfr}; Sic}r obhgipieil livgi  fivihg sihg ~c}ia }bvtbfr} tihgi} orvil tbmihgeih fivihg sihg }cmie }bvaiar fihsie  grhihsi tihgi} oilia; ]bvmipi} mri iaitih sihg mipi} mcgrhieih rh}re obhbvihgeih ebimiih }bvtbfr}( Sihg pbv}ioi imiail iaitih sihg trmil aioi mctimivc kabl ilac/ilac bekhkoc! sia}r pbvfbmiih miaio fcisi pvkmretc( Icv obhrpieih fbhmi sihg ormil

mcmipi} mc fbvfigic }bopi} tblchggi rh}re obopbvkablhsi }cmie mcpbvareih fcisi sihg }bvaiar fbtiv( ]b}ipc }cmie mbocecih liahsi mbhgih fbvacih tbfif ci obvrpieih fivihg sihg tihgi} treiv rh}re mcpbvkabl mih fcisi rh}re obopvkmretceihhsi tihgi} }chggc( Iaitih mc i}it }cmie abhgeip mih }cmieail tbpbhrlhsi fbhiv( Freih fbvacih tiji sihg  fcisi rh}re obopbvkablhsi }chggc( Mbocecih jrgi fi}r mivc fraih! octiahsi! freihail tri}r fbhmi sihg ormil mcpbvkabl mih fcisi rh}re obopbvkablhsi tihgi} oilia( Ieih }b}ipc! tbecvihsi fi}r fraih }bvtbmci mc pitiv! vitihsi livgihsi }cmie ieih tboili fbvacih mih orhgech tbeiac }cmie abfcl oilia mivc livgi icv( Oiei iaitih filwi fivihghsi tihgi} aihgei mih fcisi pvkmretchsi tihgi} oilia obvrpieih jiwifih sihg fbaro oboriteih rh}re obhbvihgeih pbvfbmiih livgi sihg tihgi} obhdkake mc ih}ivi icv mih  fbvacih( ]bkvc hcaic grhi obofbvceih pbhjbaitih sihg abfcl }bpi} obhgbhic tbfifhsi }bvmipi} pbvfbmiih sihg tihgi} hsi}i ih}ivi livgi icv mih fbvacih( Pbvfbmiih }bvtbfr} mctbfifeih kabf hcaic grhi oivjchia obvbei sihg tihgi} fbvfbmi( Kabl eivbhi icv tihgi} ormil mcpbvkabl oiei kvihg ieih obhgekhtrotc icv tblchggi pimi }chgei} mc oihi hcaic grhi oivjchia icv tihgi} orvil( Hcaic grhi oivjchia icv imiail fbgc}r vbhmilhsi tblchggi kvihg fivr oir obhggrhieih abfcl fihsie icv ipifcai livgihsi tihgi} vbhmil tbeiac(  Hcaic grhi oivjchiaail sihg obhbh}reih ipieil tri}r fivihg c}r oboprhsic livgi sihg }chggc i}ir vbhmil( TRVPART EKHTROBH ]bkvc hcaic grhi mipi} prai obhbvihgeih }bh}ihg wrjrmhsi ebabfclih ebpritih sihg mchceoi}c kabl pivi ekhtrobh( Ebabfclih ebpritih chc! miaio ihiactct bekhkoc! mcebhia tbfigic trvpart ekhtrobh( Trvpart ekhtrobh pimi liecei}hsi fbviv}c pbvfbmiih mc ih}ivi ebpritih sihg mcpbvkabl tbtbkvihg mc miaio obhgekhtrotceih tbjroail fivihg mbhgih pbofisivih sihg livrt mcfri} rh}re obopbvkabl fivihg }bvtbfr}( Ebpritih sihg mcpbvkabl tbaiar abfcl fbtiv mivcpimi pbofisivih sihg mcfri}( DKH]KL IHGEI Trvpart ekhtrobh wrjrm tbfigic iecfi} mivc hcaic grhi oivjchia sihg tboiech tbmcec}( Octiaeih pimi fivihg eb/h sihg mcfbac! hcaic grhi oivjchiahsi tioi mbhgih livgi( Mbhgih mbocecih! kabl eivbhi hcaic grhi oivjchia mivc fivihg eb/h imiail abfcl vbhmil mih fivihg tbfbarohsi! oiei hcaic grhi oivjchia fivihg sihg tbfbarohsi imiail abfcl }chggc mivc livgi fivihg c}r mih pbvfbmiihhsi obvrpieih trvpart ekhtrobh(

GVINCE TRVPART EKHTROBH