Jlcermp`lhs ca t`h Khtls U`c Thtltlcghf tc Bclg Vrhmty Acur Cg _hpthkjhr 5, =051, ?4 Khtls mt Acrt Umis` sujkltthf m phtltlcg, cg jh`mia ca t`h Khtls ca t`h acur flstrlots flstrlots ca Msslgljclm Msslgljclm tc clg !rhmt" !rhmt" #$ !`h aciic%lg& aciic%lg& khg sl&ghf t`ls phtltlcg Mfmk, Bhrhklh. (j. =0!" 'hrhklh Mfmk %ms jcrg cg Ahjrumr" =5, =0(), t`h scg ca 'hmg *mptlsth Mfmk mgf Kmrlh *c"hr$ +h kmrrlhf 'uilh mrco-uh, t`h fmu&`thr ca 'hmg *mptlsth mrco-uh mgf 'uilh hklrh mt hjrht lg =05?$ +h sl&ghf m phtltlcg acr m Khtls rhshr.h lg Kcgtmgm, shgt j" culs /lhi tc hghrmi hiscg M$ Klihs, Mu&ust 1, =004$ Mfmk, Bhrhklh: ocgohrglg& t`h oimlks ca `ls fhohmshf o`lifrhg Kmrlh mt`milh, jcrg =05#, jht%hhg Ulif +crsh m6h mgf 8"prhss +liis, flhf =050: *mptlsth, jcrg =051 mt 8"prhss +liis ghmr Acrt Umis`, flhf =004: 'cshp`lgh, jcrg =00? mt Cif Ulahs 8rhh6, flhf =005: mffrhss _%hht rmss, Kcgtmgm: amt`hr 'hrhklh Mfmk Ktls mgf fhpcghgt: kct`hr 'uilh mrco-uh Ktls: sorlp ohrt$ acrk <, gcs$ =?=), =?=# mgf =?=1: oimlk gc$ =)2)
8cg ohrglg& `hr oimlk ms o`lif > Mffrhss, Uliic% Mfmk, Bu#lh, ghh mrco-uh > 8cgohrglg& *ugo` > *crg, _t$ *cglamoh, =0(0 > Amt`hr, 'hmg *mptlsth mrco-uh, Ktls > Kct`hr, 'uilh hklrh, Ktls > Kmrrlhf, =05# cg 9imlgs tc B$r$klh Mfmk > 8`lifrhg il.lg&, acur > 8`lifrhg fhohmshf, t%c gmkhs mgf jlrt` fmths cg mppilomtcg > _orlp acr ;)#4 > 8imlk =14= j crg )) _hpthkjhr, Mfmk, %culs: mffrhss _%hht rmss, Kcgtmgm: oimlk gc$ =)10: jcrg =00# mt Uccf Kcugtmlg: amt`hr Bhrry Mfmk Ktls: kct`hr 'uilh mrco-uh Ktls: sorlp ohrt$ acrk 8, gc$ 0)# Miimrf, Kmrlh !`hrhsh: mffrhss _%hht rmss, Kcgtmgm: oimlk gc$ =)=): jcrg =4 'mgumr", =051 mt 8"prhss +liis: amt`hr Bhrhklm` Mfmk Ktls: kct`hr 'uilh mrco-uh Ktls: sorlp ohrt$ acrk 8, gc$ 550 Mfmk, Kc&sh. (j. =0'" Kclsh Mfmk %ms jcrg cg
=
Mfhilgh, jcrg Km" =00( lg _%lat 8urrhgt$
!`h scg ca 'hmg *mptlsth Mfmk _r$mgf Kmfhihlgh hklrh, t`h fmu&`thr ca 9lhrrh hklrh mgf Kmrlh *imo6acct,`h flhf jhacrh =0?)$
• • • •
3lr&lglh, jcrg =052 lg _%lat 8urrhgt$ Dlifm, jcrg =00) lg 8"prhss +liis$ Mg&hil-uh, jcrg =051 lg _%lat 8urrhgt$ Kmrlh 'cshp`th jcrg =05# lg Acrt Umis`$
fm u&`thr Dlifm: oimlk gc$ =)0?: mffrhss Mfmk, Kclsh: ocgohrglg& t`h oimlk ca `ls fmu&`thr _%lat 8urrhgt: jcrg =00) mt 8"prhss +liis: amt`hr Kclsh Mfmk Ktls: kct`hr Kmr" h.hliihh Ktls: sorlp ohrt$ acrk 8, gc$ 0##$ Mfmk, Kclsh: ocgohrglg& `ls oimlk ms m o`lif: oimlk gc$ 5: mffrhss _%lat 8urrhgt: jcrg =0#2 mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr: amt`hr 'hmg *mptlsth Mfmk Ktls: Ktls: kct`hr Kmrlh *c"hr Ktls: kmrrlhf =05) mt U`lth Kuf /l.hr tc Kmrlh Ctl6mgmg&: o` lifrhg il.lg& (: o`lifrhg fhohmshf ): sorlp acr ;=14$44$ Mkyctth, Armg)cls **. (j. =0=" ArmgJcls %ms t`h scg ca ArmgJcls Mk"ctth _r$ mgf Kmrlh 8rhh, `h kmrrlhf culsh OuolhF +mkhilg=, j$ =0)( t`h fmu&`thr ca 'mo-uhs>*cg`ckkh +mkhilg =525>=0(1 mgf Kmrlh Miimr" j =04( sckhtlkh sckhtlkh jhacrh =0#?$ !`h" mrh hgukhrmthf hgukhrmthf lg t`h 9hkjlgm 8hgsus ca =0(4 ms Amkli" H =4#$ Armgocls sl&ghf culs /lhis Mu&ust 1, =004 phtltlcg acr m rhshr.h lg Kcgtmgm$ Mkyctth, Armg)cls: ocgohrglg& t`h oimlk ca `ls fhohmshf fmu&`thr Kmt`lifh Mk"ctth: oimlk gc$ 04#: mffrhss
_orlp maalfm.lt acr Mklctth, *mptlsth: jcrg 'ui", =0#0: amt`hr Armg)cls Mklctth Ktls: kct`hr culsh +mkhilg Ktls: oimlk gc )(4): fmth ca lssuh Mpr$ =1, =055: mkcugt ;=14$ Mkyctth, Bhmg %culs. (j. =0'" culs t`h scg ca Armgocls Mk"ctth 77 mgf culsh +mkhilg$ +h %mm jcrg 'mgumr" =0?2 lg crt` Uhst !hrrltcrlhs: flhf jhacrh =2?0 lg t`h flstrlot ca !urtih Kcugtmlg, ghmr *hiocurt, crt`
Mkyctth, Bcshp`. (j. =0'" 'cshp` Mk"ctth %ms jcrg cg c.hkjhr ?, =0#2, t`h scg ca Armgocls Mk"ctth 77 mgf culsh +mkhilg$ +h kmrrlhf Kmrlh Mgmstmslh imfu, t`h fmu&`thr ca 8`mrihs imfu mgf hgh.lh.h 9mrlslhg lg =05? mt hjrht$ +h sl&ghf m phtltlcg acr m Khtls rhshr.h lg Kcgtmgm, shgt j" culs /lhi tc hghrmi hiscg M$ Klihs, Mu&ust 1, =004$ Jh#emrfh, Bhmg Jmptlsth. (j. =0'!" 'hmg *mptlsth *hi&mrfh %ms t`h scg ca MihEls *hi&mrfh mgf @khilh 3l.lhr$ +h kmrrlhf Kmrlh @kli" +mkhilg, t`h fmu&`thr ca 'mo-uhs *cg`ckkh +mkhilg mgf Kmr" Miimr" lg =01#$ +h sl&ghf m phtltlcg acr m Khtls rhshr.h lg Kcgtmgm, shgt j" culs /lhi tc hghrmi hiscg M$ Klihs, Mu&ust 1, =004$ Jh#emrfh, l#jhrt. (j. =0'-" lijhrt *hi&mrfh %ms jcrg mt /hf /l.hr, t`h scg ca MihEls *hi&mrfh mgf Kmr&uhrlth
_orlp mppilomtlcg 8cgohrglg& `ls oimlk ms m `hmf ca amkli" > Mffrhss, Uliic% *ugo` .lm Kccsh 'm% > *crg, =0#( mt _t$ crjhrt > Amt`hr, culscg Kct`hr, 7smjhiih m.hrfurh, Ktls > Kmrrlhf, =014 mt _t$ 'ch tc 'cshp`th 9hiihtlhr mgf =011 mt Uccf Kcugtmlg tc hgh.l.h Mklct > 8`lifrhg il.lg&, al.h gmkhs cg fhoimrmtlcg > 8`lifrhg fhohmshf, acur /lcg, ?m6lhr. /u)`mrkh, Bcshp` j$ =0(5
'cshp` sm !rcutF 8rhh$ +h kmrrlhf _cp`lm 8co`rmgh, t`h fmu&`thr ca !`ckms 8co`rmgh mgf +mrrlht Ohhto`hhsls$F mrfy, mffy (mfflh, crfl" M#h5mgfrh 4r. MihEmgfhr mfflh _r$ %ms khkjhr ca t`h 8c%hsshss *mgf, `h %ms m amrkhr cg t`h rhshr.h, mgf m acrkhr +hmfkmg ca t`h jmgf$ 7g t`h =054s `h %ms `lrhf ms mg lgthrprhthr acr 8c%hsshss *mgf$ MihEmgfrh %ms alrst kmrrlhf tc Kmr&mrht Nhgghf" Ktls mgf t`hg tc @ilLm hklrh Ktls$ @ilLm j$ olrom =0)2 %ms t`h fmu&`thr ca 'cshp` hklrh j$ =0== mgf 'uilh Kmrtlg$ M gukjhr ca `hr jrct`hrs %hrh pmrt ca t`h 8"prhss +liis `ugtlg& jrl&mfh mgf sl&ghf t`h =050 = 050 phtltlcg acr m rhshr.h$ MihEmgfhr `mf al.h o`lifrhg Kmr" j$ =0(#, Kmr&mrht j$ =0(5, Uliilmk j$ =01=, 'mgh j$ =01? mgf MihEmgfhr 'mkhs j$ =011$ !`h mff" mfflh mfflh amkli" h.hgtumii" h.hgtumii" tcc6 trhmt" mgf il.hf cg t`h 8c%hsshss 8c%hsshss /hshr.h cg 8rcc6hf m6h$ mthr, mthr, lg =052, t`h mfflh amkli" %ms pmrt ca m &rcup ca )( Khtls Khtls amklilhs amklilhs fhtmlghf j" t`h I$_$ Mrk" mt Acrt *uacrf acr liih&mii" `ugtlg& lg t`h Kli6 /l.hr 3miih"$ !`h" %hrh sujsh-uhgti" sujsh-uhgti" rhihmshf rhihmshf j" 8cicghi 8cicghi *imo6 ca Acrt Msslgljclgh Msslgljclgh mgf miic%hf miic%hf tc %lgthr %lgthr micg micg& & t`h t`h Kli6 Kli6 /l.h /l.hrr ghmr ghmr t`h t`h Acrt Acrt 9ho6 9ho6 /hsh /hshr. r.h$ h$ !` !`hh Mrk" Mrk" rhpcr rhpcrts ts lgfl lgflom omth th t`mt t`mt MihEmgfhr crfl mff", mfflh `mf m ihtthr ca phrklsslcg arck 8mptmlg *rlttcg tc fc t`ls$ !`h mff" mff" mffl mfflh h amkli" amkli" h.hgtu h.hgtumii mii" " tcc6 tcc6 trhmt trhmt" " mgf il.hf il.hf cg t`h 8c%hss 8c%hsshss hss /hshr.h cg 8rcc6hf m6h$
mfflh, MihEmgfrh: acr `ls fhohmshf o`lifrhg MihEmgfhr, jcrg =055 mt 8"prhss +liis: flhf %`hg = kcgt` cif mt 8"prhss +liis: Iggmkhf, jcrg =05? mt 8"prhss +liis: flhf %`hg = %hh6 cif mt 8"prhss +liis: amt`hr MihEmgfrh mfflh Ktls mgf fhpcghgt: kct`hr ca uggmkhf o`lif Kmr&mrht Nhgghf" Nhggh f" Ktls mgf ca MihEmgfhr, @ilLm hklrh Ktls: mffrhss 8rcc6hf m6h: oimlk gc$ ?0($ mrlhpy, M#h5mgfrh. (j. =0'!" MihEmgfrh MihEmgfrh %ms jcrg cg _hpthkjhr _hpthkjhr =#, =0#), t`h scg ca culs mrlhp" mrlhp" mgf 'cshp`th 'cshp`th
*cgm.hgturh mrlhp" %ms jcrg cg Kmro` ), =0)(, t`h scg ca culs mrlhp" mgf 'cshp`th 'cshp`th
+mkhilg, 8`mrihs: mffrhss 9hmoh /l.hr 8rcsslg& .lm @fkcgtcg: oimlk gc$ =(= tc =(2: jcrg =0?# mt mo im cggh: amt`hr Armgocls +mkhilg Ktls: kct`hr 8mt`hr 8mt`hrlgh lgh Ktl Ktls: s: kmrrlh kmrrlhf f =0(1 mt _t$ Mijhrt Mijhrt tc 'hmght 'hmghtth th *rughm *rughmu: u: o`lifr o`lifrhg hg il.lg& Mfhih, Kmr&uhrlth, 'cshp`th, Cil.lhr, Mfhimlfh, @klih, @f%mrf, MihEmgfhr, hcg, Nm> Nm>Nm>Nhh Nhhsh sh macgt macgtmlg mlghh %ms jcrg jcrg lg =0#5, =0#5, t`h scg ca 'hmg 'hmg *mptls *mptlsth th macgtmlgh mgf Armgoclsh Kmrtlg$ +h %ms sthp>jrct`hr tc culs macgtmlgh$ +h kmrrlhf @ilsh +u&`hs t`h fmu&`thr ca _mkuhi +u&`hs mgf Kmr&uhrlth (4s$
%hklrh, (%h Kmlr", Bcshp`. (j. =0-'" 'cshp` %ms jcrg mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr, t`h scg ca 'cshp` hklrh mgf 'uilh Kmrtlg$ !`h pmrhgts %hrh khkjhrs ca Kusoc%h-umg *mgf jhacrh t`h" ihat trhmt"$ 'cshp` kmrrlhf _uLmggh hplgh, t`h fmu&`thr ca 'hmg *mptlsth hplgh mgf _uLmggh mrlhp" lg =01= mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr$ +h t`hg kmrrlhf 8ihkhgoh *c"hr t`h fmu&`thr ca culs *c"hr mgf Kmfhihlgh !rcttlhr lg =010 mt _t$ Armgocls A rmgocls m.lhr$ +h mgf 8ihkhgoh `mf acur o`lifrhg jcrg mt GuMpphiih, Kccsh 'm% mgf 8"prhss +liis$ crjhrt Uhis` %ms `ls jrct`hr>lg>im% ms t`h" `mf kmrrlhf *c"hr slsthrs$ !`hlr fmu&`thr Kmfhihlgh, jcrg 'ugh =4, =012 mt GuMpphiih kmrrlhf 'cshp` h /mt lg =000$ 'cshp` %ms jmgf khkjhr H#0 ca lttih 8`lifs *mgf$ 7g =001, 'cshp`, `ls %lah, mgf t`rhh &lris %lt`frh% arck !rhmt"$ %$6hl##$, %culs. (j. =0!0" culs culs .hlii .hlii %ms t`h scg ca 9lhrrh h.hliih h.hliih mgf 'uilh 'uilh KoNhgLlh$ KoNhgLlh$ +h kmrrlhf Kmr&uhrlth Kmr&uhrlth hr.mls, hr.mls, t`h fmu&`thr fmu&`thr ca 'hmg *mptlsth *mptlsth hr.mls mgf Kmfhihlgh *cgghmu *cgghmu lg =0(# mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr$
%$6hl##$, Tlhrrh. (j. =0!" 9lhrrh .hlii %ms jcrg cg 'mgumr" =#, =0)2 mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr$ +h %ms t`h scg ca 9lhrrh .hlii, jcrg 'ugh =50? mt m *cls>_t$9mui, 8ckth 8`mrih.cls, Guhjho mgf 'uilh KoNhgLlh, t`h Khtls fmu&`thr ca MihEmgfhr KoNhgLlh mgf `ls %lah Kmrlh$ +h kmrrlhf hgh.lh.h Am&gmgt Amliimgt t`h fmu&`thr ca 'hmg *mptlsth Am&gmgt mgf 'cshp`th Kcght flt *hi`ukhur cg _hpthkjhr =(, =0(1 mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr$ U`hg lt jhomkh ghohssmr" tc kmlgtmlg im% mgf crfhr lg t`h Uhst fuh tc trcujihs omushf j" t`h Mkhrlomg %`ls6h" trmfhrs cg t`h scut` slfh ca t`h gh%i" sht #2t` pmrmiihi, t`h crt` Uhst Kcugthf 9ciloh Acroh %ms cr&mglLhf lg =05?>5# lg t`h @mst$ !`rhh &rcups omkh Uhst tc Acrt mrr"$ !`h =05? acroh, mathr ihm.lg& ihm.lg& Acrt mrr" `mf m trh6 ca sckh 144 klihs lg crfhr tc rhmo` rhmo` t`hlr c.hrimgf c.hrimgf fhstlgmtlcg$ fhstlgmtlcg$ 8ckklsslc 8ckklsslcghr ghr hcr&h M$ Arhgo` %ms lg o`mr&h, o`mr&h, mgf 9lhrrh 9lhrrh .hlii .hlii %ms `ls &ulfh mgf lgthrprh lgthrprhthr$ thr$ Ms cE omrts icmfhf %lt` suppilhs acrkhf m pcrtlcg pcrtlcg ca t`h pmrt", t`hlr prc&rhss %ms sic%$ Mathr sh.hrmi %hh6s %hh6s ca trm. trm.hi hilg lg& & t`h" t`h" mrrl mrrl.hf .hf mt Cif Cif Ul.hs Ul.hs m6h m6h gc% gc% gmkhf gmkhf 'c`gs 'c`gscg cg m6h m6h,, _ms6mto`h%mg _ms6mto`h%mg$$ !`hrh t`h" kht 9lhrrh 9lhrrhss jrct`hr culs, culs, amkli"$ amkli"$ culs culs .hlii .hlii tcc6 9lhrrhs pimoh mgf 9lhrrh rhturghf tc Acrt mrr"$ culs .hlii %ms m `ugthr lg t`h Cif Ul.hs m6h mrhm, `h mgf `ls amkli" `mf %lgthrhf %lgthrhf mt Acrt *hgtcg, *hgtcg, Kcgtmgm$ !`h" %hrh `hmflg& `hmflg& hmst tc%mrfs tc%mrfs Acrt mrr", mrr", %`hg t`h" kht `ls %hmr", sug socro`hf om.miomfh ca $U$K$9$ ghmr t`h mjc.h khgtlcghf im6h$ culs ms &ulfh tcc6 t`hk tc t`h 8"prhss +liis mgf tc t`h spct %`hrh Acrt Umis` %ms hstmji hstmjils` ls`hf hf lg =05($ =05($ culs culs mothf mothf ms &ulfh &ulfh ugtli ugtli `ls fhmt` fhmt` Km" )2, )2, =000$ culs culs ihf 8ckklsslcghr 7r.lg mgf Kmcr Umis` cg mii t`hlr trlps ocgghothf %lt` t`h mrrl.mi mgf stm" lg 8mgmfm ca t`h m6ctm _lcuE ugfhr Acur +crgs mgf _lttlg& *uii$ Tmrlslhg, Bcshp`. (j. =0'" 'cshp` 9mrlslhg %ms jcrg lg =0#5 lg _t$ *cglamoh, t`h scg ca 'cshp` 9mrlslhg _r$ mgf Kmr& Kmr&uh uhrl rlth th m.m m.mii iihh hh Kmrt Kmrtlg lg$$ +h kmrr kmrrlh lhf f Kmr& Kmr&uh uhrl rlth th mrl mrlhp hp", ", t`h t`h fmu&` fmu&`th thrr ca *cgm.hgturh mrlhp" mgf Kmfhihlgh mrco-uh, lg =05= mt hjrht$ +h sl&ghf m phtltlcg acr m Khtls rhshr.h lg Kcgtmgm, shgt j" culs /lhi tc hghrmi hiscg M$ Klihs, Mu&ust 1, =004$
0# Km#mthrrh, %culs. (j. =0-'" culs Kmimthrrh %ms jcrg cg _hpthkjhr )0, =0?# mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr, t`h scg ca 'hmg *mptlsth Kmimthrrh mgf Mg&hil-uh Mfmk$ +h kmrrlhf @up`rcslgh mplhrrh, t`h fmu&`thr ca Mgtclgh Kmrsmgt flt mplhrrh mgf culs Kmo`6h&cgh lg =0(? mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr$ Th##htlhr, M#h5ls. (j. =0=-" MihEls 9hiihtlhr %ms jcrg mt _t$ *cglamoh, t`h scg ca 8`mrihs 9hiihtlhr mgf _uLmggh *hrolhr$ +h kmrrlhf culsh +cuih, t`h fmu&`thr ca Mgtclgh +cuih mgf 'cshp`th muLcg cg 'mgumr" =5, =0#? mt _t$ Armgocls m.lhr$ Th##htlhr, Bhmg Jmptlsth. (j. =0=>" 'hmg *mptlsth 9hiihtlhr %ms jcrg mt _t$ *cglamoh, t`h scg ca 'cshp` 9hiihtlhr mgf hgh.lh.h +miihtt$ +h kmrrlhf Kmfhihlgh
8ckplihf j" m%rhgoh *mr6%hii 8ccrflgmtcr ca Khtls +hrltm&h mgf +lstcr" /hshmro` culs /lhi 7gstltuth
