Memory Organization in Computer

Memory Organization in Computer

Memory is a storage to sore information or data

Computer memory Memory is used in computer for storage purpose because computer need some space to get data from user then process this data in CPU then save the result into memory.

Basic Purpose of Memory in Computer Computer is a machine which get data from user throw an input device then this data is store store in computer computer memory called RAM. After After this computer transfer transfer the

data from RAM into processor where required command is executed then result is transfer to a storage device to store result permanently

Memory and its types •

Register Memory

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Cache Memory

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Main MemoryPrimary Memory

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!econdary Memory

Register Memory Registers are memories located in the Central Processing Unit "CPU#. $here are more than %& registers in a CPU and also small in si'e( typically a register is less than %& bits and )*+bit.

Cache Memory Cache memory is available in register and it is a very fast memory Cache is use to speed up the computer

Use of Cache Memory ,t is used to hold those parts of data and program which are mostly used by CPU.

Cache memory Levels •

Level 1 is a very high speed memory located in processor

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Level 2 is also a very high speed memory and small then - cache

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Level  is used to improve the performance of - and -*.

Cache Memory configurations

$here are three different configurations of Cache Memory !ssociative mapping "irect mapping #et$!ssociative mapping

!ssociative mapping ,n associative mapping associative memory is used to store content and address of the memory word.

"irect mapping ,n direct mapping RAM is used to store data and some data is stored in the cache. /irect mapping performance is directly proportional to the 0it ratio.

#et$associative mapping ,n this type direct associative mapping is modified. ,ts allow each word to have more than two words in main memory for address

Main Memory R!M RAM stand for random access memory a memory which can be access randomly

R!M %ypes •

!tatic random access memory

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/ynamic random access memory

#tatic Random !ccess Memory !tatic ram is a volatile memory it hold data only when power is 12 as soon as power is turn off all data available in !tatic RAM will be lost

"ynamic Random !ccess Memory /RAM stand for /ynamic RAM is used to allocate space in RAM dynamically. A dynamic memory allocate space in a runtime process. 1ther types of /RAM are !/RAM and //R !/RAM.

ROM R1M stands for Read 1nly Memory. $he memory from which we can only read data but cannot write data on it. R1M is a permanent memory.

ROM and Bootstrap

R1M is programed to start up or boot the computer

%ypes of ROM MROM MR1M is 3nown as mas3ed rom. ,t contain set of data or instructions.

PROM PR1M is stand for Programmable Read only Memory. ,t is used to write a program to do a specific wor3. $he program written in PR1M is cannot be delete.

&PROM 4PR1M stand for electronically programmable memory this type of R1M is write throw ultra+ violate rays.

&&PROM $his is stand for electronically erasable and programmable read only memory the data in this type of R1M can be erased throw electronic rays

#econdary Memory !econdary memory of computer is a permanent memory and use to store and safe data permanently.

Use of #econdary Memory !econdary memory is used as a permanent storage of computer it store data and information

'o( #econdary Memory accessed

!econdary memory is a permanent storage memory and it can access by common bus system in computer

)irtual memory *hat is )irtual Memory+ 4xtending memory is called virtual memory . 5irtual memory use RAM ,t6s called 7virtual8 because it6s not RAM.

*or,ing of )irtual Memory 5irtual memory combines your computer9s RAM with temporary space on your hard dis3.

)irtual Memory and Paging 5irtual memory moves data from RAM to a temporary space in hard dis3 this process is called a paging file.

'o( virtual memory does generates addresses+

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A load instruction

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A store instruction

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:etching an instruction

!ssociative Memory Memory that is addressed by content rather than by address is called associative memory.

Magnetic dis, 0ard dis3 is an example of magnetic dis3 it is magnetically recorded and can be recoded again and again.

%rac,s and #pots $he dis3 surface is divided into trac3s "circles within circles#.

#ectors $rac3s are further divided into sectors.

!dvance Memory and #torage "evices Magnetic storage devices 0ard dis3 is a magnetic storage device it is a hard and long life storage device

Optical storage devices 1ptical storage devices are uses lasers and lights for reading and writing. 1ptical storage devices are C/( /5/( ;lu+ray dis3.

-lash memory devices U!; is a small portable light weight and cheap flash memory device

Online and cloud !toring data online is called online and cloud !torage