Which of the following human papillomavirus (HPV) types account for approximately two thirds of observed cervical cancer cases? Answer A ! and "" # "! and "$ % &" and && ' & and &
*he Answer Answer is+ (#) "! and "$ 'iscussion+ More than 80 types of HPV have been isolated, of which more than 40 types are known to infect the female genital tract. hese are divided into low! and high!risk types based on the fre"#ency of their association with invasive cancer. $y definition, an HPV is low risk if if it has never been isolated from a carcinoma, and high risk if if it ever has been. %ome e&les of low! and high!risk HPVs are' (ow!risk HPVs' ), **, 4+, 4, 44, -, -4, • -, )) • High!risk' *), *8, *, *, , -, /, 4-, -*, -+, -), -8, -/, )8
, All of the following managements are recommended for women with atypical s-uamous cells of undetermined significance (A.%/0.) except+ Answer A '1A testing for high/ris2 types of HPV # 3oop electrosurgical excision procedure (344P) % 5epeat cervical cytology ' 6mmediate colposcopy
*he Answer is+ (#) 3oop electrosurgical excision procedure (344P) 'iscussion+ he g#ideline 1merican %ociety for 2olposcopy and 2ervical Pathology +00+3 for management of women with atypical s"#amo#s cells of #ndetermined significance 1%2!%3 are repeated cytology at 4!) months, HPV 561 testing preferred if li"#id!based cytology or co!collection available3, or colposcopy. 5iagnostic e&cisional proced#res s#ch as the loop electros#rgical e&cision proced#re (77P3 sho#ld not ro#tinely be #sed to treat women with 1%2! % in the absence of biopsy!confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasm 263 in order to avoid over
treatment.
& 7'A approved HPV '1A testing by Hybrid %apture , in combination with cervical cytology as a screening tool for cervical cancer can be used in which of the following? Answer A Women older than &8 years # Women younger than &8 years % All patients ' 1o patients
(A) Women older than &8 years 'iscussion+ 9n women 0 years and older the Hybrid 2apt#re + High!:isk HPV 561 est can be #sed with Pap to ad;#nctively screen to assess the presence or absence of high!risk HPV types<, stated by =51 on March *, +00.
9 *he largest cells are typically found in which of the following? Answer A 3ow grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (3.63) # High grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (H.63) % .-uamous cell carcinoma ' Adenocarcinoma All of following features are helpful in diagnosing dysplasia except+ Answer A Prominent nucleolus # 1uclear enlargement % 1uclear hyperchromasia ' %oarsening and clumping of chromatin ! HPV '1A testing is recommended in women with which of the following? Answer A 3ow grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (3.63) # Atypical s-uamous cells of undetermined significance (A.%/0.) % Atypical s-uamous cells that cannot exclude
high/grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesions (A.%/H) ' Atypical glandular cell cytology : High grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (H.63) is characteri;ed by which of the following? Answer A 3arge cell si;e # Prominent nucleolus %
prominent nucleoli> and without a conspicuous component of atypical single cells? Answer A 3ow grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (3.63) # High grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (H.63) % .-uamous cell carcinoma ' 5epair=regeneration Which of the following is the most li2ely diagnosis if cells are multinucleated> the nuclei mold one another> and nuclear material marginates? Answer A 5adiation effects # 5epair and=or regeneration % 3ow grade s-uamous intraepithelial lesion (3.63) ' Herpes simplex "8 1on/2eratini;ing s-uamous cell carcinoma is characteri;ed by which of the following? Answer A 5arely occurring tumor diathesis # ainly isolated cancer cells % 1uclear area which is greater than in dysplastic cells ' acronucleoli ""
# 1uclear hyperchromasia % 1ucleolar enlargement ' 'ecreased cohesion "& #ased on good and consistent scientific evidence> the ris2 of having H.63 within , years in women with high/ris2 HPV who have A.%/0.=3.63 cytology but are not found to have H.63 at their initial colposcopy is? Answer A 8@ # 8@ % "8@ ' 3ess than "@ "9 *he following image is obtained from the Pap smear from a &8 years old female *he cytologic features are most consistent with a diagnosis of which of the following? Answer A 3ow grade .63 # High grade .63 % Parabasal cells ' Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (A0.) " *he following image is obtained from the Pap smear from a 9 years old female *he cytologic features are most consistent with a diagnosis of which of the following? Answer A 3ow grade .63 # High grade .63 % Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (A0.) ' *ubal metaplasia "! *he following image is obtained from the Pap smear from a & years old female *he cytologic features are most consistent with a diagnosis of which of the following? Answer A 3ow grade .63
# High grade .63 % Herpes cytopathic effect ' Atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance (A0.) ": *he following image is obtained from the Pap smear from a &8 years old female *he cytologic features are most consistent with a diagnosis of which of the following? Answer A 3ow grade .63 # High grade .63 % Herpes cytopathic effect ' 5epair "$ *he following image is obtained from the Pap smear from a : years old female *he cytologic features are most consistent with a diagnosis of which of the following? Answer A .-uamous cell carcinoma # High grade .63 % Adenocarcinoma> endometrial ' 5epair HISTOTECHNOLOGY
Which of the following reagents can be used both as a fixative and a staining agent? Answer
A 4osin # 0ranyl acetate % Acid fuchsin ' Ali;arin
red 4 Picric acid Picric acid is #sed as a fi&ative in $o#in>s fi&ative and as a staining agent in van ?ieson stain. he other chemical that can be #sed both as fi&ative and staining agent is osmi#m tetrao&ide. , Which of the following stain(s) involve(s) an oxidation step at the beginning of the procedure? Answer " omoriBs methenamine silver (.) netdod , Von
*he Answer is+ (#) " and & are true
ne silver (.) & Periodic acid .chiff (PA.) 'iscussion+ P1% and ?M% stain are often #sed to detect f#ngal organisms s#ch as Histoplasma, Candida, Blastomyces and other f#ngal organisms. ?M% stain shares a similarity with P1% stain in asking for an o&idi@ing step at the beginning of
A # % ' 4
"> ,> and & are true " and & are true , and 9 are true Cnly 9 is true All of the above
the proced#re. n P1% stain, periodic acid is #sed and in ?M% stain, chromic acid is #sed. 1t this initial step, the hydro&yl gro#ps !AH3 will be o&idi@ed to aldehyde gro#ps ! 2HA3. n ?M% stain, the tiss#e is then treated with methenamine silver sol#tion. %ilver ions will be red#ced to silver metal by the aldehyde gro#psand give a black color. n P1% stain, the aldehyde gro#p will react with the %chiff reagent to form an amide that gives the p#rple red color. n contrast to P1% stain, chromic acid, however, is a strong o&idi@ing agent and will o&idi@e some of the aldehyde gro#p f#rther to s#bstance that wo#ld not be able to react with silver ion. Bith this token, the backgro#nd prod#ced by collagen and basement will be s#ppressed. (ight green is #sed as a co#nterstain in
?M% stain. Von Cossa>s silver deposition method is #sed to detect calci#m. t involves the e&pos#re of slides in silver ion containing sol#tion to strong light b#t no o&idi@ing agents are involved. Van ?ieson stain is #sed to st#dy connective tiss#e and does not involve any o&idi@ing steps. & .odium thiosulfate (or DHypoD) is used in the type of stain that is illustrated here *he function of sodium thiosulfate is+ Answer A *o activate the molecules to react with silver ion # *o harden the tissue % *o differentiate the intensity of the staining ' *o remove unreacted silver ions 4 *o tone down the staining
his photo is obtained from a brain with 1l@heimer>s disease. he senile pla"#es white arrow3 and ne#rofibrillary tangles black arrow3 are well demonstrated. he color is compatible with a modified $ielschowsky stain which is widely #sed in the st#dy of ne#rodegenerative diseases. %imilar to many other silver stains, silver ions are present in the
staining sol#tion and are red#ced to silver metal that wo#ld deposit on the tiss#e section. he #nreacted silver ions are removed by sodi#m thios#lfate DhypoD3. he removal of #nreacted silver ions represents perhaps the most important discovery in the invention of em#lsion based photography as this step allows preservation of the images witho#t getting dark with time d#e to the slow red#ction of silver ions to silver metal. his process is known as fi&ation in em#lsion based photography. $ackgro#nd staining and the intensity of the staining in many silver stains can be toned down by #sing a sol#tion containing gold, often gold chloride. Comment
archiBs impregnation
9 Which of the following stains uses osmium tetraoxide to stain for myelin? Answer A
'iscussion+ Marchi>s impregnation is based on selective blockage of osmi#m staining of normal myelin by treatment with an o&idi@ing agent. he %wank! 5avenport modification #ses potassi#m chorate as the o&idi@ing agent and appears to be perhaps the most reliable method. Marchi>s impregnation asks for en bloc impregnation with osmi#m tetrao&ide before sectioning. 5egenerating myelin will stain black.
1ll others b#t ?allocyan#n stain are myelin stains. Clüver!$arrera stain is a combined stain of (#&ol fast bl#e for myelin and cresyl violet for ne#rons. Beil>s method and Pal! Beigert method are also myelin stains. 1ll these stains wo#ld give myelin a bl#e to dark!bl#e stain. ?allocyanin!al#m method can be #sed to
# % ' 4
archiBs impregnation method WeilBs method allocyanin stain Pal/Weigert method
demonstrate n#cleic acid and will give the 6issl s#bstance a bl#e color. 6on of these stains contain osmi#m. Which of the following is not true about terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated d0*P nic2 end labeling (*0143)? Answer A *his process labels the nic2 ends of '1A # *his process is se-uence dependent % *his process can be performed on a section or in a li-uid sample ' *his process can be used to detect apoptotic cells on sections in many situations 4 *his process can be used with en;yme lin2ed method or fluorescent dye in order to be visuali;ed on tissue sections (#) *his process is se-uence dependent
'iscussion+ 7verything else being mentioned are tr#e for 67( e&cept that it is not a se"#ence dependent. t simply adds n#cleotides to the nicked end of 561. ! .ections to be viewed under the electron microscope (ultra thin sections) are usually cut at what thic2ness? Answer A /"8 nm # !8/8 nm % "8/,98 nm ' 8/"8 m 4 1one of the above
(#) !8/8 nm 'iscussion+ =or diagnostic transmission electron microscopy, the resin embedded sections are c#t at )0!/0 nm. he so called semi!thin resin embedded sections for light microscopy, however, are c#t at 0.-! *.0 µm. %emi!thin sections are most often #sed for identification and targeting of tiss#e as well as pathologic e&amination of peripheral nerve biopsy.
: What is the artifact being illustrated in this hematoxylin/eosin stained intraoperative cytologic preparation from a pituitary adenoma? Answer A 3eft in methanol for too long # 3eft in air for too long before fixation with methanol % 3eft in xylene for too long ' *he hematoxylin is not functioning properly 4 *here is no artifact here
he artifacts being shown here are air dry artifacts beca#se the #nstained smear has been left in air for too long before fi&ation d#ring intraoperative cons#ltation. hes artifacts can be seen in smear as ill#strated here or in fro@en sections. his tiss#e in this "#estion was obtained from a pit#itary adenoma. 1fter the smear has been made, it sho#ld be fi&ed immediately. he a#thor of this "#estion prefers to #se ethanol as fi&ative and have a container of methanol that wo#ld be reached within one second after the smear has been made. Eo# can tell the difference between preparations with and witho#t air dry artifacts. he cytologic details are all lost in the smear with air dry artifact. $oth slides are obtained from the same pit#itary adenoma and the photos are taken at the same magnification. Please note that n#clei with air dry artifacts are markedly blown #p in si@e. Ane m#st be ca#tio#s when air dry artifact is not as dramatic as the one being shown here as the air dry artifact wo#ld blow #p the si@e of the n#clei and lead to a wrong impression of increased n#clear si@e and pleomorphism d#ring intraoperative cons#ltations. (eaving slides in alcohol and &ylene for a prolonged period of time #s#ally do not prod#ce any noticeable artifacts. 6o hemato&ylin can give yo# proper n#clear details and staining if there is air dry artifact. $ Which of the following(s) is(are) true in the illustration here regarding the stain being used for this cytologic preparation? Answer " *he stain is most consistent with a 'iffFuic2 stain , *he slide should be thoroughly air dried before staining & *his type of stain is commonly used for the examination of cytologic specimens in 1orth America 9 .imilar results can be obtained in smears with other 5omanows2y family of stains A # % ' 4
"> ,> and & are true " and & are true , and 9 are true Cnly 9 is true All of the above
*he Answer is+ (4) All of the above " *he stain is most consistent with a 'iffFuic2 stain , *he slide should be thoroughly air dried before staining & *his type of stain is commonly used for the examination of cytologic specimens in the 1orth America 9 .imilar results can be obtained in smears with other 5omanows2y family of stains 'iscussion+ his is a 5iffF#ick stain of a lymphoma. n contrast to hemato&ylin!eosin stain, the smear sho#ld be thoro#ghly air dried before staining. %imilar staining res#lts can be obtained with other :omanowsky family of stains. his type of stain is very pop#lar for cytologic preparation in the 6orth 1merica and probably world wide. *he numerical aperture of the optical pathway of a microscope is+ Answer
" , & 9
3imited by the numerical aperture of the obGective Affected by the condenser diaphragm 3imited by the the refractive index of the medium of the optical pathway 'etermined and limited by the type of illumination (ie> whether it is bright field> dar2 field or fluorescent) A # % ' 4
"> ,> and & are true " and & are true , and 9 are true Cnly 9 is true All of the above
*he Answer is+ (A) "> ,> and & are true " 3imited by the numerical aperture of the obGective , Affected by the condenser diaphragm & 3imited by the refractive index of the medium of the optical pathway Fuestion+ he resol#tion of an optical microscope is limited by the n#merical apert#re. he higher the n#merical apert#re the higher the resol#tion. he n#merical apert#re of the optical system is limited by the n#merical apert#re of the ob;ective and also by the n#merical apert#re of the condenser. he n#merical apert#re can be f#rther red#ced by closing down the diaphragm of the condenser. he n#merical apert#re is also limited by the refractive inde& of the medi#m of the optical pathway between the condenser and the slide, and
between the slide and the ob;ective. 1ir has a refractive that is very close to *.00 and therefore no dry ob;ectives can e&ceed this n#merical apert#re. An the other hand, n#merical apert#re of oil or other fl#id immersion ob;ectives can e&ceed *.00 beca#se the refractive inde& of the oil and the fl#id can e&ceed *.00. t is important to note that oil or the immersion fl#id has to be applied in between the glass slide and the ob;ective and also the glass slide and the condenser to achieve the ma&im#m n#merical apert#re and therefore the highest resol#tion. he light so#rce does not affect the n#merical apert#re. Comment
"8 Which of the following reagent(s) is(are) used in electron microscopy? Answer A 0ranyl acetate # Csmium tetraoxide % 3ead nitrate ' All of the above 4 1one of the above
*he Answer is+ (') All of the above 'iscussion+ he reason for #sing osmi#m, lead, and #rani#m to stain sections for transmission electron microscopy is beca#se these heavy metals can absorb electrons. "" Which of the following fixatives does not contain heavy metal? A en2erBs fixative # Csmic acid fixatives % #/ fixative ' #ouinBs fixative 4 ClmacherBs fixative
Answer
*he Answer is+ (') #ouinBs fixative Fuestion+ Genker>s fi&ative, Almacher>s fi&ative, and $!- sol#tion contain merc#ry. Asmic acid fi&ative contain osmi#m b#t this fi&ative is rarely #sed today for histopathology. t is still #sed for fi&ation for electron microscopy for some p#rposes. $o#in>s sol#tion does not contain any heavy metal. ", *he paraffin sections for routine diagnostic surgical pathology are cut at a thic2ness of+ Answer A 9/$ nm # 98/$8 nm
% 9/$ m ' 98/$8 m 4 1one of the above
he Answer is+ (%) 9/$ m 'iscussion+ Most paraffin sections for hemato&ylin!eosin stains for ro#tine diagnostic p#rposes are c#t at 4!) µm, sometimes at 8 µm. %ome special stains may ask for thicker sections. "& Which of the following(s) is(are) true regarding this preparation that is obtained from a normal anterior pituitary gland? Answer " *he stain being used demonstrates the reticulin fibers , *he stain being used is a Verhoeff elastic stain & *he staining mechanism involves reducing activated silver ion into silver metal 9 *he staining solution being used is composed of a hematoxylin with high concentration of ferric chloride A # % ' 4
"> ,> and & are true " and & are true , and 9 are true Cnly 9 is true All of the above
*he Answer is+ (#) " and & are true " *he stain being used demonstrates the reticular fibers & *he staining mechanism involves reducing activated silver ion into silver metal 'iscussion+ his photo demonstrated the retic#lin fibers in the anterior pit#itary. :etic#lar fibers can be demonstrated by ?ordon and %weet>s method or ?omori>s method. $oth methods involve the red#ction of silver ion into silver metal and its deposition on the retic#lin fiber wo#ld t#rn them black. Verhoeff elastic stain involves hemato&ylin with high concentration of ferric chloride and stains elastic fibers black. "9 *he thic2ness of ultra thin sections for electron microscopy can be estimated by? Answer A *he readings on the telescope that is attached to the ultra/ microtome # *he time it ta2es for the section to sin2 to the bottom of the water trough % *he reflected color of the floating tissue section ' *he dar2ness of the section through transmitted light
4 *he thic2ness can only be estimated with the electron microscope
(%) *he reflected color of the floating tissue section Fuestion+ he thickness can be estimated by the reflected color of the tiss#e when it is floated on water. Most sections for diagnostic p#rposes are c#t at )0!/0 nm and wo#ld give a silver reflection. 1ny section #nder )0 nm will give a gray reflection. %ections that are thicker then /0 nm will carry a gold, p#rple, and bl#e reflection as the thickness goes from /0 to +40 nm. " What is the chemical that is used to produce the brown color in this peroxidase mediated immunohistochemistry preparation that is performed with a primary antibody specific for synaptophysin? Answer
A # % ' 4
7ast red *5 &/amino//ethylcarba;ole 'iaminoben;idine 1itro blue tetra;olium Hexa;oti;ed new fuchsin
*he Answer is+ (%) 'iaminoben;idine 'iscussion+ $oth diaminoben@idine 51$3 and !amino!/! ethylcarba@ole. 1723 are s#bstr ates for pero&idases. Bhile 51$ gives a brown prod#ct, 172 gives a red prod#ct. =ast red :, nitro bl#e tetra@oli#m, and he&a@oti@ed new f#chsin are s#bstrates for alkaline phosphatase and they wo#ld give a red, dark!bl#e, and red prod#ct respectively. 6itro bl#e tetra@oli#m develops rather slowly and allows close monitoring of the development. his feat#re allows tight control of the staining process and is often #sed in in situ hybridi@ation.
"! Which of the following is not true about in situ hybridi;ation? Answer A 6t is used to detect a specific se-uence of '1A or 51A in tissue section # *he process involves annealing of the probe and the target polynucleotide se-uence % *he signal can be generated by en;yme/lin2ed> fluorescent> or radioactive methods ' *he probe must be '1A in nature 4 *here is a limitation on the length of the probe
he Answer is+ (') *he probe must be '1A in nature 'iscussion+ In situ hybridi@ation can be #sed to detect the presence or absence of a specific se"#ence of 561 or :61 in tiss#e sections,
cytologic preparations, and sometimes whole mo#nts of tiss#e. t is se"#ence specific. he process involves annealing of the probe polyn#cleotide with the target se"#ence. Probe se"#ences longer then -00 base pair will have steric hindrance and will be diffic#lt to hybridi@e. he probe, however, can be made of both 561 or :61 riboprobe3. %ignal can be vis#ali@ed with en@yme!linked or fl#orescent methods. :adioactive signal can also be vis#ali@ed by photographic em#lsions a#toradiography3.
": Which of the following reactions is the best choice to demonstrate only '1A? Answer A allocyanin/chrome alum method # 7eulgen reaction % Hematoxylin stain ' .olochrome cyanine method
4 *hioflavine . stain *he Answer is+ (#) 7eulgen reaction 'iscussion+ ?allocyanin!chrome al#m method will stain both 561 and :61 dark bl#e and, therefore, cannot provide a good estimate on the amo#nt of 561 in the cell. he same is tr#e for hemato&ylin. hioflavine % stain can be #sed to demonstrate amyloid deposition and m#st be vis#ali@ed with a fl#orescent microscope. t cannot be #sed to estimate the amo#nt of 561 in tiss#e sections. %olochrome cyanine method can be #sed to differentiate osteoid from newly laid!down bone and older bone b#t does not stain 561 specifically. =e#lgen reaction stains 561 red!p#rple and the cytoplasm green and is a widely accepted method to demonstrate 561 on histologic sections.
"$ *his is a portion of the cerebral cortex and white matter stained by modified #ielschows2y stain *he findings being illustrated here are most consistent with+ Answer A D.wiss cheeseD artifact due to gas production resulted from post mortem bacterial overgrowth # *he specimen has been fixed in formalin and then fro;en (free;ing artifact) % Cver digestion by en;yme at the initial steps as re-uired by modified #ielschows2y stain ' Wax crac2s due to in proper processing of the tissue 4
%wiss cheeseD artifacts can be generated by post mortem over growth of gas prod#cing bacteria. he si@e can vary from millimeters to over * centimeters. #st like the vac#oles in %wiss cheese, their distrib#tion is
irreg#lar and there is a significant variation in si@e. n contrast to the vac#oles being shown here, the vac#oles in D%wiss cheeseD artifact have smooth margins. 1ltho#gh en@yme digestion can be #sed to retrieve signal in imm#nohistochemistry and in situ hybridi@ation, it is not a re"#ired step for modified $ielschowsky stain which is a silver stain that is often #sed in the st#dy of ne#ropathology. n addition, the holes that are created by over digestion is never so sharply defined. Ba& cracks typically appear as irreg#lar, elongated slits in the tiss#e section. Cnife marks are straight, very long and often appear as parallel lines. hese feat#res are not present here. n the section being shown, there is a randomly reg#lar distrib#tion of vac#oles of comparable si@e in the grey matter. he e&tent of involvement is similar in different parts of the photo. here is also similar involvement in the white matter albeit the the vac#oles are far smaller. his difference is well appreciated in the medi#m magnification photo. his type of artifact is prod#ced by free@ing tiss#e that has been fi&ed in formalin. his brain has been fi&ed in formalin and solidly fro@en before paraffin sections are made. his type of artifact can be avoided by cryoprotection with concentrated s#crose sol#tion if fro@en sections are to be done on formalin fi&ed tiss#e blocks. " Which of the followings is not true for the succinate dehydrogenase preparation of muscle biopsy as illustrated here? Answer A *his preparation detects an en;yme that is present in both the mitochondria and tubules # *his preparation can be used to detect abnormal mitochondrial accumulation in mitochondrial diseases % *he substrate will turn blue if the en;yme is present in the biopsy tissue ' *ype 6 fibers will stain dar2 and type 66 fibers will stain pale 4 *his preparation can be used to demonstrate the core in central core disease
(A) 6t detects an en;yme that is present in both the mitochondria and tubules
'iscussion+ n contrast to 615H!:, s#ccinate dehydrogenase is present only in the mitochondria. ,8 *he light and dar2 bands that are perpendicular to the long axis of the muscle fiber in this resin embedded> toulidine blue stained semi/ thin (8/" m) section are+ Answer A the bloc2 holder> or the 2nife 4 6nsufficient osmium concentration leading to softening of the bloc2 *he Answer is+ (') %aused by vibration of the bloc2> the bloc2 holder> or the 2nife ," Hematoxylin stain with progressive formulae+ Answer A Are widely used by many first year residents who want to ma2e progress and be promoted to the second year # Are used only by scientists who already had stellate achievements> such as getting the 1obel pri;e % Are used to remediate medical students who have made no progress during their pathology rotation ' Are designed for the automatic staining machines so that slides rac2s can progress forward 4 ive a dar2er staining intensity with longer staining time
(4) ive a dar2er staining intensity with longer staining time 'iscussion+ he first fo#r answers are obvio#sly ;okes. hope they wo#ld serve as the spices of yo#r day. n general, hemato&ylin stains are divided into the so!called progressive form#lae and regressive form#lae. he progressive form#lae stain far slower then that of the regressive form#lae and therefore the staining intensity can be controlled by the length of the staining time. Hemato&ylin stains with regressive form#lae involve over staining the sections followed by a differentiation step to achieve the desired staining intensity. he regressive form#lae are partic#larly #sef#l for tiss#es that do not take #p hemato&ylin well. Ane of the best e&les is over decalcified tiss#e. 1.
what color does connective tissue stain with Gomori's trichrome?
a. Cytoplasm b. Collagen fibers c. Nucleus d. Elastic fibers e. Decalcified bone matrix nswer! c ". #hat are $udan stains used primarily for? a. %lood b. &at c. Nervous tissue d. Elastic fibers e. Decalcified bone matrix nswer! b . #hat is (ucicarmine stain used primarily for? a. %lood b. &at c. Nervous tissue d. Elastic fibers e. Epithelial mucin nswer! e ). #hat is #right's stain used primarily for? a. %lood b. &at c. Nervous tissue d. Elastic fibers e. Decalcified bone matrix
nswer! a *. #hat color do elastic fibers stain with +erhoeff Elastic stain? a. ,ed-range b. /in0-red c. /urple-,ed d. %lue-blac0 e. Green-blue nswer! d 1. During the preparation of a routine 23E slide4 what step occurs after the tissue is preserved? a. &ixation b. Embedding in paraffin c. $taining d. $licing e. Dehydration nswer! e 5. During the preparation of a routine 23E slide4 how is the tissue preserved? a. &ixation b. Embedding in paraffin c. $taining d. $licing e. Dehydration nswer! a 6. During the preparation of a routine 23E slide4 what allows the tissue to be visuali7ed? a. &ixation b. Embedding in paraffin c. $taining d. $licing e. Dehydration nswer! c 8. #hich of the following would be best suited to visuali7e reticular fibers? a. #right's stain b. 2ematoxylin and eosin stain c. $udan stain d. $ilver impregnation e. (asson's trichrome stain
nswer! d 9:. #hich of the following would be best suited to visuali7e lipid? a. #right's stain b. 2ematoxylin and eosin stain c. $udan stain d. $ilver impregnation e. (asson's trichrome stain nswer! c 99. #hich of the following would be best suited to differentiate collagen fibers from other fibers ? a. #right's stain b. 2ematoxylin and eosin stain c. $udan stain d. $ilver impregnation e. (asson's trichrome stain nswer! e 9. #hat color does connective tissue stain with Gomori's trichrome? a. range b. %lue c. /in0 d. ,ed e. Green nswer! e ". #hat color do collagen fibers stain with (asson trichrome stain? a. range b. %lue c. /in0 d. ,ed e. Green nswer! e . During the preparation of a routine 23E slide4 what allows the tissue to hold its form? a. &ixation b. Embedding in paraffin c. $taining d. $licing e. Dehydration nswer! b
). During the preparation of a routine 23E slide4 what step occurs after the tissue is embedded in paraffin? a. &ixation b. ,ehydration c. $taining d. $licing e. Dehydration nswer! d *. During the preparation of a routine 23E slide4 what step occurs after the tissue is stained? a. &ixation b. Embedding in paraffin c. $taining d. $licing e. Dehydration nswer! e 1. #hich of the following is an acid dye? a. 7ure ;; b.
a. $odium b. /otassium c. Calcium d. Copper e. ;ron nswer! e 9:. #hat color does hematoxylin stain structures? a. range b. %lue c. /in0 d. ,ed e. Green nswer! b
9. #hen using a compound microscope4 ob=ective lenses can be found to have a magnification of all of the following4 E>CE/ b. 9:> c. ):> d. 9::> e. 9:::> nswer! e ". #hat is compound microscope? a. (icroscope with the capability to view oil immersion b. (icroscope with the capability to view compounds c. (icroscope with a single lens d. (icroscope with two lenses e. (icroscope with three lenses nswer! d . . #hat is the total magnification achieved with a compound microscope? a. (agnification of ob=ective lens b. (agnification of ocular lens c. (agnification of ocular lens added to the magnification of the ob=ective lens d. (agnification of ocular lens multiplied by the magnification of the ob=ective lens
e. (agnification of condenser lens multiplied by the magnification of the ob=ective lens nswer! d ). #hat is the maximum resolving power seen with a compound microscope? a. " millimeters b. ." millimeters c. " micrometers d. ." micrometers e. " angstroms nswer! d *. #hat is the turret? a. %ase b. Nosepiece c. $tage d.
b. Compound microscope c. /hase contrast microscope d. Dissection microscope e.
9. #hen using a compound microscope4 what is the magnification of the oil immersion lens? a. )> b. 9:> c. ):> d. 9::> e. 9:::> nswer! d . ". #hat is the usual magnification of the ocular lens on a compound microscope? a. 9> b. 9:> c. 9::> d. 9:::> e. 9:4::: > nswer! b .
#hen using oil immersion to view a tissue4 what is the refractive index of the oil? a. Aero b. $ame as air c. $ame as glass d. $ame as water e. None of the above nswer! c ). #hat is the role of the condenser lens? a. Control the aperture of light b. ;ncrease the magnification c. &ocus the light on the specimen d. ;nitial magnification of 9:> e. /rovide light nswer! c *. n a microscope4 what structure varies the diameter of the cone of light? a. %ase b. Nosepiece c. $tage d.
b. Compound microscope c. /hase contrast microscope d. Dissection microscope e.
