Homeopathic Materia Medica by William Boerick. A Pocket Manual of HomeopathyDescription complète
IN the preface to the first edition of this work, published in 1894, it was stated that the aim in its preparation, was to condense, giving nothing but the Essentials, nothing but the barest skelet...Full description
Unpublished Materia Medica by J. T. Kent
HomeopathyDescription complète
Unpublished Materia Medica by J. T. Kent
Materia Medica Viva medicalDescrição completa
Kent Materia MedicaFull description
Full description
IN the preface to the first edition of this work, published in 1894, it was stated that the aim in its preparation, was to condense, giving nothing but the Essentials, nothing but the barest…Description complète
fhytyyr6yyhgjuFull description
Unpublished Materia Medica by J. T. KentDescription complète
A HANDBOOK OF MATERIA MEDICA and Homeopathic Therapeutics (1889) by Timothy Field Allen, A.M., M.D., LL.D
materia medicaDeskripsi lengkap
Essences of materia medica
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homeopatiaDescrição completa
MATERIA MEDICA OF AYURVEDA BASED ON AYURVEDA SAUKHYA1v1 OF TODARANANDA
VAIDYA BHAGWAN DASH
D.A.M.. S.,
H.P.A.~
M.A., Ph. D.
Deputy Adviser (Ayurveda) Ministry of Health & Family Welfare New Delhi
V AIDYA
LALITESH KASHY AP
B.I.M.S. Senior PhysicIan (Ayurveda) Central Govt. Health Scheme Directorate General of Health Services, New Delhi
Naurang RaJ Concept Publi5hlOg Company H-13,. Bah Nagar NEW DELHI-l 10015 (India) Printed by
Hans Raj Gupta & Sons, Anand Parbat, New Delhi-l10005
Dedzcated to the memory of
Late PANDIT RAM PRASAD SHARMA (Ex-Rajavaidya of Patiala) in
Grateful acknowledgement of his erudite scholarship and unwearied services for the revival and deveJopm.ent of Ayurveda
FOREWORD Though several important works on Ayurveda have been published till now, there is a large number of works which are still in the manuscript stage in libraries and could not see the light. The name of some of these works we know by coming across them in commentaries and compilations. The reason is mostly economic because the texts which are included in the prospectus are studied in institutions and get priority in publication while others lag behind. The result is that to-day teachers and students are not acquainted with even the names of such texts what of going through them.
Torjariinanda is a \vork named on Raja T o<;iaramal la, a minister of Mughal Elnperor Akbar (16th .Cent. A.D.). This is an encyclopaedic work having Ayurveda Saukhya as a compOl1ent. Ayurveda Sauklzya too is a voluminous work dealing with several aspects of Ayurveda. The present volume deals with the portion of Materia Medica which is generally known as NighalJ.!u. In 1972, when I was editing the Mlidhava Dravyagu1)a, I had the opportunity to see a manuscript of the Ayurveda Saukhya. I was surprised to find that it followed Madhava's DravyaguJ;la faithfully in the context of Nighantu portion though the author did not mention the name of M ad/lava or its work anywhere. It is also to be noted that though In other portions, source books are quoted explicItly, in Nighatnu portion it is conspicuously absent. Hence, it cannot be said definitely what was tIle source of this portion. It is almost certaIn that Madhava's Dravyagu};,1a was quite earlier than the Ayurveda Saukh)a because of its having been qtloted by medieval authors and commentators lIke Sarvananda (12th Cent. A.D.) and Vopadeva (13th Cent. A.D.). As regards Bhava Misra, he happened to be in 16th Cent. A.D. and thus
viii
Materill Medica
may be contemporary to the work j[yurveda Saukhya. The Verses of the Bhava Prakasa found in the Ayurveda Sauklzya lead us to think that either these verses are later interpolations (particularly if they are not found in majority of the MSS.) or Bhava Misra himself might be associated with this work. A number of expert scholars of Banaras were engaged by Raja TOQaramalla for this encyclopaedIc work, and it is not improbable if Bhava Misra, a resident of Magadha (Gaya) adjol11ing Kashi and a renowned expert of Dravya gU1JQ himselfparticipated in this great task. It is to be noted that Bhava Misra, apart from the Bhiiva Prakasa Nigha1Jttl, also composed another Nigha(ltu entitled GU~la ratna mala. Without close association, it becomes difficult to explain such situations. The possibility of a common source of both the authors, as proposed by tIle .editor, is also not improbable. Vaidya Bhagwal1 Dash, the editor of this work, is wellknown for his devotion to enriching the literature of Ayurveda and also to making it intelligible to the outer world. He has done this job with great labour and deserves congratlllations not only of myself but of the entire circle of intellectuals interested in the study of Ayurveda. I hope, he will be able to bring out other remaining volumes so as to present a total picture of the work.
Banaras Hindu University, VARANASI
20th September 1979
P.v.
SHARMA
Professor and Head of the Departn1ent of Dravyaguna, Institute of Medical Sciences
PREFACE There has been an increasing interest in the utilisation of the traditional systems of medicine for promotive, preventive and ~urative health services in many countries of the world. Ayurveda is perhaps the oldest traditional system of medicine in India catering at present to the medical needs of a, large section of both the urban and rural populatIon of this country. This system of medicine has also caught tIle attention of medical practioners in the West. The Materia Medica of ayurveda represents a rich storehouse of knowledge of drugs based on centuries of experience. Scientists, research workers, physicians and students interested in ayurveda, often experience great difficulty in obtaining authentic works on the subject with a translation in a language generally understood by them. To cater 10 this long felt need, vve are happy to present here the Materia 1v1cdica of Ayurveda by Raja Togaramalla with its English translation along \\lith critical notes. TOQaramalla hailed from Oudh in Uttar Pradesh, India. He was the dewan (Minister) under the great Moghul Emperor Akbar who ruled during the sixteenth century A.D. The -emperor was well known for his secular outlook. TogaramalIa, in spite of his unquestioned loyalty to thIs Muslim emperor, was .a staunch follower of Hinduism. It was apparent to him that Hindu culture in India was in a decadent state and at a low .ebb. Qu.ite apart from religion, even sciences like astrology and medicIne had fallen Into disrepute. Very little orIginal work., if any, "vas being dOlle in these areas of knowledge and even -the extant texts on various subjects were falling into disuse. StIch of them as were available had been mutilated and subjected to unauthorised interpolations with the accretion of superstitious ideas through the centuries.
In his mission to revive and revitalise Hindu culture both in the religious and secular fields, he took the help of several eminent SanskrIt scholars of Varanasi and composed encyclo-
x
Materia Medica
paedic works on 23 different subjects by collecting n1uterial from authentic texts which were then available. To this, theadded knowledge and experiences of the experts in the subject were incorporated. Most of the original texts which \vere then utilised for the compoSItion of these "varks are no more extant and those which have survived the vicissitudes of time are Il0W in a mutilated form wi tIl several unauthorised and erratiC" interpolations. It is in this context, therefore, that today ToQ:armalla's \vork has gained considerable importance, and it is for the first tinle that the Materia Medica portion of his. encyclopaedic work on ayurveda is being brought ullder print.. The series of \vorks 011 23 topics of Hindu culture composed under the auspices of Raja TOQaramalla is called Torjarananda which means 'Cthe debght of Toqaramalla". l'"'he term saukhyan*z meaning "hapPIness" is suffixed to tIle l1ame of each text on a particular topic. Thus tIle text on aYllrveda is called Ayurveda Saukh.yarh. This Ayurveda Sa ukhyanz con1prises several chapters eacll one of \vhich is called harsa n1eaning "pleasure" . In the beginning of each har~a, maligallicara~1a or the auspicious invocation in the fOfITI of a prayer to God is furnished. The colophons at the end of each chapter indicate the contents and chapter number, among others. These invocations and colophons are missing in some n1anuscrlpts. Calligraphic errors have not left this monumental work untouched. Six different manuscripts collected florn variolls libraries of India and Nepal were utIlised for the collatIon and editing of tbis work. Some of tllese malluscripts are Incomplete. But ill others which ..appeared at first to be complete, some chapter numbers have been arranged and named differently. Sonle chapters have aiso been omitted in sarrie of these manu~ cripts. Therefore, while editing, it was felt desirable to serialise and renumber all these cl1apters making up a total of 97. rfhis was a delicate job to perform because at the end of the cllapters,. in some manuscripts, the colophons are mIssing. For the preparation of this work on Materia Medica, ten chapters of Ayurveda Saukhyarh have been utilised. On the basis of the remaJning chapters, it is contemplated to prepare separate.
Preface
xi
volumes on different topics shortly and these texts will be in the hands of scholars gradually and in stages.
Ayurveda Sauklzyam deals with various topics of ayurveda including fundamental principles, anatomy, physiology, hygiene and public health, examination of patiel1ts, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of diseases, iatro.. chemistry and materia medica. MaterIa Medica and allied topics are found scattered in ten differel1t chapters of this work. The eightll chapter deals with the properties of drugs. This chapter is available In five out of the six tnanuscripts consulted. In one nlanuscript, however, thIS chapter IS left incomplete. ThIS eighth chapter ilzter alia deals with some extraneous topics lIke vamana (emetic therapy) and virecana (purgation therapy). These topics, along with other allied topics, like snehana (oleation therapy), svedana (fomentatiol1 therapy), niruha and anuvasana (n1edIcated enema), nasya (lnhalation therapy) and rakta mOk$Q{1a (blood letting) are descrIbed in detail in the 85th to 88th chapters of the edited text. It is proposed to bring out a separate volllme on tl1ese topiCS, whic114f:a!
The last eight chapters of tIle original text deal with mostly the nzglzQ1){us or synonyms of drugs and the method of preparation of some food items. Details of these chapters are given overleaf :
Jyfateria Medica
xii Chapter Nos. given in the manuscripts
Chapter Nos. in the edited text
Chapter Nos. in the present work
84
90
31
4
85
91
32
2
86
92
33
3
87
93
34
3
88
94
35
3
89
9S
36
3
90
96
37
3
91
97
38
3
The number of manuscripts in WhICh these chapters are available
There are of course, separate texts on the synonyms of drugs of ayurveda. But Inost of the extant ayurvedlc works on materia medIca invariably provide synonyms of drugs along with their properties. It is keeping in view tl1is tradition of ayurveda, and also in order to make the present work more useful to research workers, physicians and students that these .eIght chapters have been included here.. All the manuscripts procured for the editing of this work were full of grammatical and syntactical errors. Some of these mistakes \vere common to all the manuscripts. Even the arrangement of tOPICS in these manuscripts varied considerably. Many terms and suffixes used in this work do not stand correct accor~ing to the tradItion of Paninl's grammar. The readers "vIII find sonle such terms even in the present publication. It is likely that these mistalces were there in the original texts from where references were collected and the scholars who did the job .did not think it proper to make any change. The other possibility is that these errors were introduced by subsequent calligraphers. There are some orthographical peculiarities in all the manuscripts of this work. In several places IJa has been used in the places of na, sa in the place of sa and ~a, ba in place of va, kha in the place of $a, ja in the place of ya, ra in tIle place of la,
jpre~ace
gha in the place of dha and vice versa. consonants after ra are duplicated.
xlii In several places the
While editing this work, the variant readings (which include some grammatical errors also) are given at the end of each chapter under Notes and References and the orIginal manuscripts are referred to as iidarsa pustikii. Some topics given in this work are also available in other extant ayurvedic works. The variant readings in these texts are gIven at the end and these extant texts are referred to as likala. Some portions of the manuscripts were so corrupt and incomplete that we did not think it proper to include them in the main text. In view of their significance from the materia medIca point of view, they are given in the "Notes and References~' at the end of the chapters. In the manuscripts some texts are originally referred to by name from where the information was collected by the scholars_ The readings in these texts bear a striking resemblance to those of M adhava dravyagurza and Bhtiva prakasa. The former has been edited by Prof. P.V. Sharma and published by Cha\vkhamba Vidya Bhawan, Varanasi In 1973. References to these works are ~OllSpicuous by their absence in the original manuscripts. However, to facilitate research and study on this subject, these references are provided in the present work in square brackets [ ]. Since the names of these texts are not described in the original manuscripts, it is very difficult to determine as to who borrowed from whom. It is also very likely that both have borrowed their texts from a third source which has since become extinct. While providing the English translation of the text, we have been very conscious of avoiding mistranslation. Where equivalent English words are not available, in the English text, the SanskrIt words have been translIterated as such and printed in Italics. The glossary appended to this work provides a brIef explanation of such terms. The nearest English equivalents 01 many such technical terms are given in parentheses in the EnglIsh text Itself. The botanical names of most of the medicinal plants are gIven In parentheses against the SanskrIt names of drugs in the
xiv
Alateria 1kfedica
side-headings. Similarly, the English equivalents of animals=, metals, minerals, etc., are provided. Wherever there is any controversy regarding the correct indentification of a drug, the botanical or English names have not been provided, lest the reader should be misguided. One manuscript of this work was procured from a private individual of Varanasi. Some scholars had attempted a Hindi translation of this work. From the language and the paper, it appears that this attempt was not of recent origin. In some places, this Hindi translation has been consulted to decide upon the exact reading of the text. Acknowledgements Authors are exceedingly grateful to Pandit Slliv Sharma" President of the Central CouncIl of Indian Medicine for supplying two manuscripts of this work from the collections of his illustrious father Vaidya Rama Prasad Sharma~ who was the Raja Vaidya (PhysicIan to the rUler) of Patiala. Greateful thanks are also due to the curators of the Abhilekhalaya, Kathmandu, the Royal Asiatic Society al1d Sanskrit College both at Calcutta for providing calligraphic/photostat copies of the manuscripts of this work available with them. For the preparation of this work, Subhash Gupta, Kanchan Gupta and Sharada Gupta have provided considerable assistance. The authors are extremely tllankful to them. A publication of this kind may not be a commercially viable proposition. It must, therefore be said to the credit of the publlsIlers that they have brougllt it out in a spirit of dedication solely '\vith the aIm of propagatIng this unique science of nledicine In the service of tIle suffering humanity_ BHAGWAN DASH
LALITESH KASHYAP
CONTENTS
Foreword Preface Indo-Romanic equivalents of Devanagari
Introduction
Chapter 1 : Fundamental principles
VII
ix
xxx
"xxi
1-11
Introduction [1-6], rasa (taste) [7-26]J guna (attributes) [27-29], vlrya (potency) [31-32], vipaka (taste that emerges after digestion) [33-34], prabhava (specific action) [35-36]. Chapter 2 : Properties of Drugs