DOC. REF EFF. DATE REVISION PAGE NO.
TU-SOE-CE-LS013 1-AUGUST-2015 1 1-5
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRAMME
MASS AND ENERGY BALANCE IN THE SAPONIFICATION SAPONIFICATION PROCESS
SAFETY REGULATIONS REGULATIONS AND GUIDELINES FOR STUDENTS
Students pe!"#$n% e&pe$#ent'( )"* $n t+e En%$nee$n% (',"'t" #ust !"((") 'nd ',$de , t+e !"((")$n% s'!et e%u('t$"ns 'nd %u$de($nes. Students #ust "#p(ete ' s'!et de(''t$"n !"# ,e!"e t+e 'e '((")ed t" )"* $n t+e (',"'t". GENERAL •
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Students 'e n"t '((")ed t" ente t+e (',"'t" )$t+"ut t+e pe#$ss$"n "! t+e (etue " (',"'t" 'ss$st'nt. Un'ut+"$/ed Un'ut+"$/ed e&pe$#ent'( e&pe$#ent'( )"* $n t+e (',"'t" (',"'t" $s st$t( !",$dden. P$" t" t+e use "! (',"'t" "ut "! t$#et',(ed pe$"ds students #ust #ust 'pp( !" us'%e !"# e(e'nt (',"'t" st'!!. Students 'e n"t '((")ed t" )"* '("ne $n t+e (',"'t". '%s 'nd ,""*s #ust n"t ,e (e!t "n ,en+es " "n st""(s 'nd s+"u(d ,e p('ed $n des$%n'ted 'e'. D" n"t ,("* p'ss'%e)'s " !$e e&$ts. A(( )"*$n% sp'es #ust '()'s ,e *ept (e'n. L"n% +'$ t$es e)e((e 'nd ("t+$n% #ust nee ,e '((")ed t" +'n% (""se s$ne 'n "! t+ese $te#s 'n e's$( ,e"#e ent'n%(ed $n t+e #"$n% p'ts "! #'+$ne 'nd +ene 'use se$"us $nu. $nu. Su$t',(e ("t+$n% #ust ,e )"n4 ("n% t"uses " e'ns 'e e"##ended !" ,"s 'nd desses s('*s " e'ns !" %$(s. In p't$u(' s(eee(ess t-s+$ts 'nd s(eee(ess ,("uses 'e p"+$,$ted. Students #ust )e' "eed !""t)e' du$n% (',"'t" 'nd )"*s+"p sess$"ns. S'nd'(s "pen-t"ed s+"es s($ppes " s$#$(' !""t)e' 'e p"+$,$ted. Students #' ,e e!used ent t" t+e (',"'t" " )"*s+"p $! n"t $n p"pe p"pe !""t)e'. St"'%e 'nd" "nsu#pt$"n "! !""d 'nd d$n* s#"*$n% 'nd t+e 'pp($'t$"n "! "s#et$s $n t+e (',"'t" 'e n"t '((")ed. Ind$s Ind$s$p( $p($ne $ne $n t+e ('," ' t" " )"* s+"p s+ "p 6e.%. 6e.%. )+$st( )+$st($n% $n% +"sep( +"sep(' ' et.7 et.7 )$(( )$(( n"t ,e t"(e'ted. N" e'%ent s"(ut$"n " 'pp''tus $s t" ,e e#"ed !"# t+e (',"'t" )$t+"ut 'pp"'( !"# t+e (etue. D" n"t p"u )'ste d")n t+e s$n* un(ess 'ut+"$/ed t" d" s" , "u (etue. De!et$ De!et$e e e8u$p# e8u$p#ent ent " ,"*en ,"*en %('ss)'e %('ss)'e #ust #ust ,e ep"t ep"ted ed t" t+e (etue (etue " (', 'ss$st'nt. D" n"t un $n t+e (',"'t" " '("n% "$d"s. E&e$se 'e )+en "pen$n% 'nd ("s$n% d""s "n ente$n% 'nd (e'$n% t+e (',"'t" (',"'t" . L'," L',"' 't" t" d"" d""ss #ust #ust ,e *ept *ept ("sed ("sed 't '(( t$#es t$#es du$ du$n% n% p't$ p't$'( '( ('sses. 1
DOC. REF EFF. DATE REVISION PAGE NO.
TU-SOE-CE-LS013 1-AUGUST-2015 1 1-5
SAFETY NOTE
9+$(e de'($n% )$t+ "('t$(e 'nd t"&$ +e#$'(s du$n% t+$s e&pe$#ent t+e +e#$'(s #' ,e ut$($/ed s'!e( unde t+e e&t't$"n +""d s$ne t+e !u#es 'n ,e +'#!u( $! e&p"sed !" ' ("n% pe$"d "! t$#e. e sue t+'t t+e +""d $s )"*$n% p"pe(. S'!et %('sses %("es esp$'t" !$(te 'nd 'pp"p$'te (', 'tt$e 6$n(ud$n% (', "'t s+"es n" s'nd'(s 'nd n" s+"ts7 :UST E 9ORN 't '(( t$#es 's pe'ut$"n' #e'sues. C"ns$de '(( t+e "#p"unds used $n t+$s (', t" ,e p"$s"n"us $! $n%ested. 9'ste s"(ut$"ns #' ,e *ept "n t+e ,en+ s" t+'t t+e L',"'t" Te+n$$'ns )$(( d$sp"se t+e# "!! s'!e( "ne t+e p't$'( ('sses %et "e. 9'ste s"(ut$"ns S;OULD NOT ,e p"ued $nt" t+e s$n*.
OBJECTIVES
$7 T" dete#$ne t+e #'ss ,'('ne "! t+e s'p"n$!$'t$"n p"ess. $$7 T" dete#$ne t+e ene% ,'('ne "! t+e s'p"n$!$'t$"n p"ess.
CHEMICALS AND APPARATUS
17 27 37 =7 57 >7 ?7 @7 7
0.03 : S"d$u# ;d"&$de 6N'O;7 < = ($tes 0.03 : Et+( Aet'te < = ($tes 0.015 : S"d$u# ;d"&$de 6N'O;7 < 1 ($tes 0.015 : S"d$u# Aet'te < 1 ($tes T)" 100 #( #e'su$n% ($ndes S$& 100 #( ,e'*es S$& 50 #( ent$!u%e tu,es D$st$((ed )'te !" (e'n$n% CSTR
INTRODUCTION
In t+e #'"$t "! $ndust$'( +e#$'( p"ess t+e e't" esse( $n )+$+ t+e p"ess t'*es p('e $s t+e *e $te# "! e8u$p#ent. T+e des$%n "! +e#$'( e't"s $s t+ee!"e u$'( t" t+e suess "! t+e $ndust$'( "pe't$"n. In %ene'( t+e '$# $s t" p"due ' spe$!$ed p"dut us$n% *n")n e't'nts. V'$"us tpes "! e't" 'e used t" '+$ee t+ese ",et$es n'#e( "nt$nu"us st$ed t'n* e't"s 6CSTR7 tu,u(' 6" p(u% !(")7 e't" 'nd ,'t+ e't". O!ten "nt$nu"us st$ed t'n* e't"s 6CSTR7 'e "nneted $n se$es. Re't$"ns 'e #"n$t"ed , "ndut$$t p",e 's t+e "ndut$$t "! t+e e't$n% s"(ut$"n +'n%es )$t+ "nes$"n "! t+e e't'nts. T+$s #e'ns t+'t t+e $n'u'te 'nd $n"nen$ent p"ess "! t$t't$"n )+$+ )'s !"#'(( used t" #"n$t" t+e e't$"n p"%ess $s n" ("n%e neess'.
2
DOC. REF EFF. DATE REVISION PAGE NO.
TU-SOE-CE-LS013 1-AUGUST-2015 1 1-5
T+e e't$"nB N'O; S"d$u# ;d"&$de
C;3COOC2;5 → Et+( Aet'te →
C;3COON' S"d$u# Aet'te
C2;5O; Et+( A("+"(
C'n ,e "ns$de e8u$-#"(' 'nd !$st "de )$t+ espet t" ,"t+ s"d$u# +d"&$de 'nd et+( 'et'te. T+e e't$"n '$ed "ut $n ' C"nt$nu"us St$ed T'n* Re't"s 6CSTR7 eentu'(( e'+es ste'd st'te )+en ' et'$n '#"unt "! "nes$"n "! t+e st't$n% e'%ents +'s t'*en p('e. T+e ste'd st'te "nd$t$"ns )$(( ' depend$n% "n "nent't$"n "! e'%ents !(") 'te "(u#e "! e't" 'nd te#pe'tue "! e't$"n.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES
:'*e up 5.0 ($te ,'t+es "! 0.03: s"d$u# +d"&$de 'nd 0.03: et+( 'et'te. '7 ,7 7 d7
e7 !7 %7
Re#"e t+e ($ds "! t+e e'%ent esse( 'nd 'e!u(( !$(( )$t+ t+e e'%ents t" ' (ee( 'pp"&$#'te( 50## !"# t+e t"p. Re!$t t+e ($ds. Adust t+e set p"$nt "! t+e te#pe'tue "nt"((e t" =0"C. Ensue t+'t t+e t+e#"st't "n t+e s$de "! t+e $u('t" $s set t" =5"C. T+$s )$(( peent t+e )'te $n t+e $u('t" !"# "e+e't$n% )+en !$st s)$t+ed "n. C"((et$"n "! "ndut$$t d't' )$(( ,e unt$( ' ste'd st'te "nd$t$"n $s e'+ed $n t+e e't" 'nd t+$s t'*en 'pp"&$#'te( 30 #$nutes. It $s 'd$s',(e t" set t+e d't' "((et$"n pe$"d t" s' =5 #$nutes. Us$n% t+e '($,'t$"n %'p+ !" e'+ "! t+e pu#p t" set t+e !eed pu#p speed "nt"( t" %$e =0 #(#$n !(") 'te. Set t+e '%$t't" speed "nt"((e t" ?.0. S)$t+ "n t+e ,"t+ !eed pu#p '%$t't" #"t" 'nd ,e%$n t'*$n% e'd$n%. It $s ,een dete#$ned t+'t t+e de%ee "! "nes$"n "! t+e e'%ent '!!ets t+e "ndut$$t "! t+e e't" "ntents s" t+'t e"d$n% t+e "ndut$$t )$t+ espet t" t$#e us$n% t+e A#!$e(d d't' ("%%e 'n ,e used t" '(u('te t+e '#"unt "! "nes$"n.
DATA ANALYSIS:
T+e "ndut$$t "! t+e "ntents "! t+e e't" "e t+e pe$"d "! t+e e't$"n #ust n") ,e t'ns('ted $nt" de%ee "! "nes$"n "! t+e "nst$tuents. "t+ s"d$u# +d"&$de 'nd s"d$u# 'et'te "nt$,ute "ndut'ne t" t+e e't$"n s"(ut$"n )+$(st et+( '("+"( d" n"t. T+e "ndut$$t "! ' s"d$u# +d"&$de s"(ut$"n 't ' %$en "nent't$"n 'nd te#pe'tue +")ee $s n"t t+e s'#e 's t+'t "! ' s"d$u# 'et'te s"(ut$"n 't t+e s'#e #"('$t 'nd te#pe'tue 'nd ' e('t$"ns+$p +'s ,een est',($s+ed '((")$n% "nes$"n t" ,e $n!eed !"# "ndut$$t. 3
DOC. REF EFF. DATE REVISION PAGE NO.
TU-SOE-CE-LS013 1-AUGUST-2015 1 1-5
T+e '(u('t$"ns 'e ,est '$ed "ut us$n% ' spe'ds+eet su+ 's ECEL s" t+'t t+e esu(ts 'n ,e d$sp('ed $n t',u(' 'nd %'p+$'( !"#.
!" b" a"
!" b" a" !" T 2= !" T 2=
!" '" ," !" '" ," $! ' H 0
NOMENCLATURE
a µ
ao
a1 a
∞
b
c F
S"d$u# +d"&$de "n. $n !eed esse( S"d$u# +d"&$de "n. $n #$&ed !eeds S"d$u# +d"&$de "n. $n e't" 't t$#e t S"d$u# +d"&$de "n. $n e't" '!te ∞ t$#e Et+( 'et'te "n. 6s'#e su,s$pts 's ',"e !" '7 S"d$u# 'et'te "n. 6s'#e su,s$pts 's ',"e !" '7 T"t'( "(u#e !eed 'te =
6#"(d# 37 6#"(d# 37 6#"(d#37 6#"(d#37 6#"(d#37 6#"(d#37 6d#3s7
DOC. REF EFF. DATE REVISION PAGE NO.
F a F b
k
L r
t R
t T V X a X c
Λ Λo
Λ1 Λ∞
TU-SOE-CE-LS013 1-AUGUST-2015 1 1-5
6d#3s7 6d#3s7
V"(u#e !eed 'te "! s"d$u# +d"&$de V"(u#e !eed 'te "! et+( 'et'te Spe$!$ 'te "nst'nt Oe'(( (en%t+ "! tu,u(' e't" Re't$"n 'te Res$dene 'te E('psed t$#e Re't" te#pe'tue V"(u#e "! e't" C"nes$"n "! s"d$u# +d"&$de C"nes$"n "! s"d$u# 'et'te C"ndut$$t 6s$e#ens7 In$t$'( At t$#e 1 At ∞ t$#e
6#7 6s7 6s7 67 6d#37
REFERENCES:
1. C"u(s"n J R$+'ds"n KC+e#$'( En%$nee$n% V"(u#e 1 utte)"t+-;e$ne#'nn. 2. :C',e 9L S#$t+ MC J ;'$"tt P KUn$t Ope't$"n "! C+e#$'( En%$nee$n% 5 t+ ed. :G')-;$((. 3. F"ust AS KP$n$p(es "! Un$t Ope't$"ns 9$(e 2nd ed. 1
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