MASS & ENERGY BALANCES, SIZING CALCULATION, PROCESS & INSTRUMENT DIAGRAM
CONTENTS 1. MASS & ENERGY BALANCES 1.1.
FIRST CHAMBER
1.2.
SECOND CHAMBER
1.3.
EXHAUST STACK CALCULATION
1.4.
MASS
&
ENERGY
BALANCES
DIAGRAM 2. SIZING CALCULATION 2.1.
FIRST CHAMBER & MIXING ROOM
2.2.
SECOND CHAMBER
2.3.
EXHAUST STACK
3. PROCESS & INSTRUMENTATION DIAGRAM
and
PROCESS
FLOW
1. MASS & ENERGY BALANCES Calculation below are based on the waste, ultimate analysis and fuel properties as follows: WASTE DATA
Components
Volume (m3/day )
Domestic Waste
12
Densit %y Weight (kg/m3) (Approx. ) 250 100
NHV
dry
basis
(Btu/lb) 4300
Approx. Moisture Content (%) 49,91
ULTIMATE ANALYSIS OF WASTE (DRY-BASE)
Components Domestic Waste
C (%) 45,36
H (%) 8,10
O (%) 3,16
N (%) 36,21
S (%) 0,15
Cl (%) 0,01
FUEL PROPERTIES Components Hydrogen Sulfide
Value 0,00
Units Mole %
Carbon Dioxide
12,30
Mole %
Nitrogen
0,04
Mole %
Methane
75,91
Mole %
Ethane
5,36
Mole %
Propane
3,60
Mole %
iso-Butane
0,64
Mole %
n-Butane
0,94
Mole %
iso-Pentane
0,31
Mole %
n-Pentane
0,24
Mole %
Hexanes
0,23
Mole %
Methylcyclopentane
0,08
Mole %
Benzene
0,08
Mole %
Cyclohexane
0,07
Mole %
Heptanes
0,07
Mole %
Methylcyclohexane
0,06
Mole %
Toluene
0,04
Mole %
Octanes GHV
0,02 1000
Mole % MMBtu/MSCF
Air to fuel fraction Flue gas to fuel fraction Water produced to fuel
1,070 1,015 0,119
D Lb/ft3 Lb/ft3 Lb/ft3
fraction Pressure
30-50
Psig
Ash (%) 7,00
1.1.
FIRST CHAMBER
1.1.1.
MASS CALCULATION
Fraction of waste for combustion Fraction of waste for pyrolisis
: 50 : 50
% %
T out desired
: 705
o
: 1301
o
: 1739,94
btu/lb (relative to 80 oF)
Enthalpi of H2O at 800 oC
C F
COMBUSTION CALCULATION IN FIRST CHAMBER Mass
Moisture
Dry
Dry Weight
O2
Air
COMPONENTS
(lb/hr)
Domestic 2 Total
39.6 40.03
Contents lb/hr 19.781 19.82
Weight (lb/hr) 165.345 165.35
x HV 710983.500 710983.50
Needed (lb/hr) -302.47 -302.47
Actual (lb/hr) 1298.10 1298.10
PRODUCT OF THEORITICAL COMBUSTION CO2 (lb/hr) 275.02 275.02
Output : CH4 CO 3C O2 N Ash Total
1.1.2.
H2O (lb/hr) 120.59 120.59
N2 (lb/hr) 1055.52 1055.52
SO2 (lb/hr) 0.99 0.99
PRODUCTS OF PIROLYSIS Units mol/hr kg/hr 1519.42 24.31 148.32 4.15 389.15 14.01 0.00 0.00 1.94 27.17 N.A 5.25 2056.89 74.89
HCl (lb/hr) 0.00 0.00
lb/hr 53.60 9.16 30.89 0.00 59.89 11.57 165.10
ENERGY CALCULATION
RECAPITULATION OF ENERGY BALANCE (STEADY STATE CONDITION) COMPONENTS
Mass (lb/hr)
%-w
T1, K
T2, K
Enthalpy of dry flue gases (cal/mol) Btu/lb Btu/hr
CH4 CO C3
53,60 9,16 30,89
3,61 0,62 2.08
298 298 298
978 978 978
8620 5008 2680
969 321 133
51941 2946 4136
CO2
275
18,52
298
978
7763
317
87290
N2
1.115
75,11
298
978
4853
311
347811
O2 sisa HCl
0.00 0.00
0,00 0,00
298 298
978 978
5297 4964
297 279
0 0
SO2 Total
0.99 1.485
0,07 100
298
978
7283 46472
204 2835
203 494328
Q combustion Q losses to ash Radiation heat losses Q respired by flue gas dry basis Q respired by moisture content Q respired by H2O comb & humidity Q required Fuel required Heat Duty
1.2.
: : : : : : : : or : or
-710983.50 405 142196.70 494328.78 68958.92 99565.43 94471.43 187.46 5.31 805,455 0.81
btu/hr btu/hr btu/hr btu/hr btu/hr btu/hr btu/hr ft3/hr m3/hr minimum btu/hr MMBtu/hr
SECOND CHAMBER
1.2.1.
MASS CALCULATION
T outlet desired NATURAL GAS (NG) - Q respired by gas fr. combustion NG - Heat available (NHV-Qrespired) ENTHALPY AT 1200 oC - Dry flue gas - H2O
:
1,200
o
: :
448 182
BTU/ft3 (from 25 oC to 1100 oC) BTU/ft3
: :
560 2,165
btu/lb btu/lb
C
COMBUSTION CALCULATION RESULTS IN SECOND CHAMBER COMPONENTS Mass %-w Flowrate lb/hr kg/hr liter/s m3/s m3/min
1.2.2.
CO2
2235.18
1013.87
12.10
773.60
0.77
46.42
H2O
2086.33
946.36
11.29
1765.09
1.77 105.91
N2
13130.98
5956.17
71.08
7141.59
7.14 428.50
O2 spent HCl
1019.22 0.00
462.32 0.00
5.52 0.00
485.04 0.00
0.49 0.00
SO2 Total
0.99 18472.71
0.45 0.01 8379.16 100.00
29.10 0.00
0.24 0.00 0.01 10165.55 10.17 609.93
ENERGY CALCULATION ENTHALPY CALCULATION IN SECOND CHAMBER
COMPONENTS
Mass (lb/hr)
T1 , K
T2, K
CH4 CO C3
53.60 9.16 30.89
978 978 978
978 978 978
datum datum datum
datum datum datum
datum datum datum
(cal/mol)
Enthalpy of gases Btu/lb Btu/hr
CO2
465.62
978
1,473
6713.27
274.45
127788.22
H2O
325.48
978
1,473
5169.61
516.62
168146.71
N2
2,076.64
978
1,473
3824.12
245.67
510172.06
O2 remained HCl
58.40 0.00
978 978
1,473 1,473
4185.66 4185.66
235.29 235.29
13741.6077 0
SO2 Total
0.99 3,020.76
978
1,473
6401.18 30479.51
179.91 1687.223
178.48594 820027.0813
RECAPITULATION ENERGY BALANCE IN SECOND CHAMBER
Q Combustion Q respired by gas Heat losses from combustion Heat losses from 1st ch. Gasses ent. Q respired by pyrolisis combustion Q respired by H2O from pyro. Comb Q required Fuel required
-1,812,705.50 btu/hr 820,027.08 btu/hr 362,541.10 btu/hr 98,865.76 btu/hr 1,510,115.88 btu/hr 367,137.47 btu/hr 1,345,981.80 btu/hr 9,254.87 ft3/hr 262.07 m3/hr minimum 4,147,627.42 btu/hr 7,306,315 btu/hr 7.31MMBtu/hr
Q respired by comb gas burner Heat Duty
1.3.
EXHAUST STACK CALCULATION
Parameter Q (m3/s) W (kg/s) D (m) L (m) Densitas (kg/m3) Visc (kg/m.s) v (m/s) Re k k/D Friction factor Jumlah elbow 90 Jumlah elbow 45 Tee Valve Kf Kc Ke Press Drop (N/m2) Total Press Drop (N/m2) Total Pressure Drop Capacity Stack height (assumed) Ambient Temperature Flue Gas Temperature Barometric pressure Theoretical Stack draft: difference PRESSURE
Adapter 1.27 0.4172867 0.5990462 0 0.3291787 4.49E-05 4.4977187 1.98E+04 0.005 0.0083466 0.08 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 2.66
RB 2 10.17 2.3275457 1.39 2.7465994 0.228964 4.96E-05 6.699023 4.30E+04 0.005 0.0035971 0.068 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2.7612749
Outlet RB2 10.17 2.32754571 0.59904623 7.25340056 0.22896403 4.96E-05 36.0678609 9.97E+04 0.005 0.0083466 0.069 0 0 0 0 0 0.4 0.4 616.84 622.268706
622.269N/m2 62.227mm Aq 609.93m3/min 10m 30oC 1,050oC 1bar 0.32in water = -54.13mm water NEGATIF
= 32.8084ft = 521.67oR = 1,542oR = 29.92126in Hg 8.095646mmwater
2. SIZING CALCULATION 2.1.
FIRST CHAMBER & MIXING ROOM
SIZING CALCULATION OF FIRST CHAMBER Grate Area Residence Volume Retention time gas Volume Volume of ash during operation Length Roof width Actual volume Total height
m2 m3 s m3 m3 m m m3 m
4.00 1.58 1 1.27 4.90 2.3 1.75 6.56 1.83
Design Recapitulation of First Chamber Volume 6.56 m3 Cubical Height 1.00 m Total Height 1.83 m Length 2.3 m Width 1.75 m Design Recapitulation of Mixing Room Retention time 0.26 s Volume 0.33 m Length 0.115 m
2.2.
SECOND CHAMBER
SIZING CALCULATION OF SECOND CHAMBER Q gas out from 2nd Chamber Take Velocity of Gas to 2nd chamber Take velocity of gas to ex. Stack Retention Time Take Diameter of Second Chamber Diameter of Stack Height of chamber
10.17 4.5 35 0.41 1.39 0.6 2.75
m3/s m/s m/s s m m m
Design Recapitulation of Second Chamber Volume 4.17 m3 Height 2.75 m Diameter 1.39 m
2.3.
EXHAUST STACK Design Recapitulation of Adapter & Ex. Stack Q gas out from 2nd Chamber Take Velocity of Gas to 2nd chamber Take velocity of gas to ex. Stack Retention Time (approx.) Diameter of stack
10.17 4.5 35 1 0.6
m3/s m/s m/s s m
