Manual Qsm 664

MANUAL FOR FINAL PROJECT/DISSERTATION (QSM664/QSB674) Bachelo o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%# (o#*+) De,$+ o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%#- Fac"l$& o! Ach%$ec$"e- Pla##%# Pla##%# . S"'e&%#- U%TM

1 .0

INTRODUCTION The F%#al Poec$ %* %# $he !o0 o! a 1%**e$a$%o#+ I$ !o0* a# %#$eal ,a$ o! $he !%#al &ea a#1 %* a# e**e#$%al ,e2e3"%*%$e !o $he aa1 o! a# o#o"* 1eee+ Th%* %* o#e o! $he 0o*$ 1e0a#1%# %#$ellec$"al e5ec%*e* h%ch ae 1e*%#e1 $o e#ale *$"1e#$* $o ca& o"$ e*each o# $he% o# cho*e# $o,%c *"ec$ $o a,,o'al & $he De,a$0e#$+ The co"*e %* a coe co"*e o!!e o!!ee e11 %# $he $he !%#a !%#all *e0e *e0e*$ *$e e++ oe oe'e 'e $he $he ,oc ,oce* e*** a#1 a#1 ,e, ,e,a aa$ a$%o %o## !o !o $he $he F%#a F%#all Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# *$a$* %# $he !o"$h *e0e*$e h%ch %#cl"1e ,e*e#$a$%o# a#1 a,,o'al o! $o,%c- !o0"la$%o# o! oec$%'e*- *co,e a#1 0e$ho1olo&- 1a$a a$he%# a#1 a#al&*%*- e$c+ "#1e $he *",e'%*%o# o! $he a**%#e1 *",e'%*o+

The ,o1"c$%o# ,o1"c$%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$ co00e#ce* co00e#ce* %$h a ,el%0%#a& ,el%0%#a& *$"1& h%ch 0a& e %# $he !o0 o! a l%$ea$"e *"'e&- *ho%# $he co#!l%c$ o! e'%1e#ce o o,%#%o# %# ,e'%o"* o+ Th%* ,el%0%#a& *$"1& %ll e *"0%$$e1 %# $he !o0 o! a# I#$e%0 Re,o$ %# $he 0%11le o! Se0e*$e 89 %# o1e $o 0o#%$o $he ,oe** o! $he *$"1e#$*+ The !%#al *$ae %#'ol'e* $he ,e,aa$%o# o! a#al&*% a#al&*%** o! $he %**"e* %**"e* h%ch h%ch $he *$"1e# *$"1e#$$ %ll %ll %#'e*$ %#'e*$%a %a$e$e- %$* !%#1%# !%#1%#**- co#cl" co#cl"*%o# *%o# a#1 eco00e#1a$%o#*+ S$"1e#$* *ho"l1 ,e,ae a ,ac$%cal o o ,oa0 a#1 a1hee $o %$ *o $ha$ $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# o"l1 e co0,le$e1 a#1 *"0%$$e1 o# $%0e+ The "%1e !o e5ec"$%o# o! $he co"*e %* *"00a%:e1 %# Tale ;+

Tale ;< The E5ec"$%o# o! $he Co"*e

Ac$%'%$%e* I#'ol'e1

Ce1%$ o"*

Le#$h o! F%#al Poec$

Semester Seme ster 04< 04< To,%c ,e*e#$a$%o# a#1 a,,o'al Re*each & *$"1e#$* Mid Semest Se mester er 05< 05< S"0%**%o# o! I#$e%0 Re,o$ Semester 06: Co"*e e%*$a$%o# • a#1 *"0%**%o# o! !%#al 1a!$ o! F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o#

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;8-888 o1* (0%#%0"0)

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Co#*"l$a$%o#

Semester 04, 05 & 06< 06< Co#*"l$a$%o# %$h *",e'%*o F"l!%ll 0%# 6 $%0e* co#*"l$a$%o# •

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A**e**o*

Re,o$ B%#1%#*

Semester 05: S",e'%*o

Final Drat: So!$ co'e R%# o"#1

Semester 06< 06< S",e'%*o a#1 a *eco#1 a**e**o+ A $h%1 a**e**o %ll e a,,o%#$e1 hee $he 1%!!ee#ce %# 0a* %'e# & $he $o a**e**o* %* =8 o 0oe

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C!rre"ted Final #r!$e"t: a1 co'e a1 o"#1 Colo"< %"'ram Mar!!n

MANUAL FOR FINAL PROJECT/DISSERTATION (QSM664/QSB674) Bachelo o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%# (o#*+) De,$+ o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%#- Fac"l$& o! Ach%$ec$"e- Pla##%# Pla##%# . S"'e&%#- U%TM

1 .1

O($e"ti)es The oec$%'e* o! $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# ae $o e#ale *$"1e#$* $o< •

>o %#1e,e#1e#$l& alo# $he "%1el%#e* %'e# & $he De,a$0e#$+

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I1e#$%!& a#1 a#al&:e ,ole0* a#1 eco00e#1 a&* $o o'eco0e $he0+

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I#'e*$%a$e a#1 a#al&:e 1a$a+

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De0o#*$a$e $he "#1e*$a#1%# o! all $he ele'a#$ a"0e#$*+

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Pe*e#$ !%#1%#* %# a# e!!ec$%'e e,o$ o! ,o!e**%o#al *$a#1a1 (%# $he !o0 o! 1%**e$a$%o#)+

1 .*

Met+!ds ! Instr"ti!n A %e! lec$"e %ll e %'e# $o *$"1e#$* o# $he 0e$ho1olo& o! ca&%# o"$ $he e*each %$%# a#1 $he De,a$0e#$?* "%1el%#e* o# $he ,e*e#$a$%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o#+

Fo $he *$"1e#$*? o# e#e!%$- $he& ae e3"%e1 $o o %#1e,e#1e#$l& &< •

Rea1%# $e5$* o# $he% cho*e# $o,%c*+

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@o%# $o *%$e !o aca1e0%c '%*%$*+

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Co#1"c$%# %#$e'%e* %$h ele'a#$ ,a$%e*+

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Pe,a%# 3"e*$%o##a%e* $o e 1%*$%"$e1 $o ele'a#$ ,a$%e*+

S$"1e#$* ae e3"%e1 $o ,o,o*e $o,%c* !o a,,o'al & $he De,a$0e#$ ,%o $o co00e#c%# $he ,e,aa$%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o#+

1 .

S-lla(s @e#eall&- $he aea o! *$"1& co'e* a#& $o,%c* ele'a#$ $o $he e$$e0e#$ o! $he co#*$"c$%o# %#1"*$& a* a hole a#1 $o $he co#*$"c$%o# %#1"*$& %# Mala&*%a- %# ,a$%c"la+ The !ollo%# ae ,o**%le l%*$ o! e*each aea*+

;++;

La E5a0,le*< Co#$ac$* Pe!o0a#ce Pa&0e#$ De*%# •

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S"2co#$ac$%# R%* alloca$%o# D%*,"$e e*ol"$%o#

MANUAL FOR FINAL PROJECT/DISSERTATION (QSM664/QSB674) Bachelo o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%# (o#*+) De,$+ o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%#- Fac"l$& o! Ach%$ec$"e- Pla##%# . S"'e&%#- U%TM

1.3.2

Co#*$"c$%o# Eco#o0%c* E5a0,le*< al"e Ma#ae0e#$ R%* Ma#ae0e#$ Eco#o0%c Pol%c& a#1 $he Co#*$"c$%o# I#1"*$& •

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Lao" 0ae$ Po1"c$%'%$& Maco2eco#o0%c !oeca*$%# F"$"e co#*$"c$%o# o"$,"$ Co*$ ,la#* a#1 l%!e c&cle co*$%#*

Co#*$"c$%o# Tech#olo& E5a0,le*< Ne co#*$"c$%o# 0a$e%al* Ne co#*$"c$%o# 0e$ho1* • •

;++4

Po!e**%o#al Pac$%ce E5a0,le*< Cha#e a#1 $he 1e'elo,0e#$ o! $he Po!e**%o# CPD/ Po!e**%o#al%*0 • •

;++9

Ua# Pol%c& E5a0,le*< Ua# Ree#ea$%o# Pla##%# Pol%c& o"*%# ,ol%c& a#1 e#eal • • •

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De*%# a#1 "0a# Fac$o* E5a0,le*< De*%# Poce** "0a# Fac$o* • •

1.3.7

E#e& a#1 B"%l1%# Co#*e'a$%o# E5a0,le*< Tech#olo%cal I**"e* a#1 E#e& The "0a# D%0e#*%o# %# E#e& E!!%c%e#c& E#e& Pol%c& a#1 Le%*la$%o# Co#*e'a$%o# Tech#olo& • • • •

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Poc"e0e#$ E5a0,le*< De*%# a#1 B"%l1 •

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Co#*$"c$%o# Ma#ae0e#$


Ma#ae0e#$ Co#$ac$%#

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Pa$#e%#

Ma#ae0e#$ E5a0,le*< Poec$ Ma#ae0e#$ Fac%l%$%e* Ma#ae0e#$ Co#*$"c$%o# Ma#ae0e#$ al"e Ma#ae0e#$ • • • •

;++;8

I#!o0a$%o# Tech#olo& (IT) E5a0,le*< IT %# Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%# IT %# $he Co#*$"c$%o# I#1"*$& • •

2.0 FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION OR3NISTION STRUCTUR The F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# oa#%:a$%o# *$"c$"e %* %'e# %# F%"e ;+ The oa#%:a$%o# %* 0a#ae1 & a Coo1%#a$o+

DEPARTMENT OF QUANTIT SUREIN@ S",e'%*%o# Coo1%#a$o* E'al"a$%o# S",e'%*o*

S$"1e#$* F%"e ;< F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# Oa#%:a$%o# S$"c$"e

*.1 C!!rdinat!rs The Coo1%#a$o* ae a,,o%#$e1 & $he ea1 o! Poa00e %$h $he !ollo%# e*,o#*%%l%$%e*< a) B%e! *$"1e#$* o# F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# %0,le0e#$a$%o#+ ) Coo1%#a$e $he ,oce** o! $o,%c a,,o'al+

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c) Alloca$e *$"1e#$*? $o,%c* acco1%# $o $he *",e'%*o*? e5,e$%*e+ 1) Coo1%#a$e $he *"0%**%o# o! $he *$"1e#$*? F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# (o"#1 co,%e*)+ e) Coo1%#a$e $he e'al"a$%o# ,oce**+

*.* Ser)is!r The ole* o! $he *",e'%*o ae *"00a%:e1 elo<2 a) @"%1e $he !o0"la$%o# o! $he 0a%# oec$%'e*- *co,e a#1 0e$ho1olo& o! $he e*each+ ) Re0%#1 $he *$"1e#$* o! $he e!!ec$* o! co,&%#- ,la%a%*0 a#1 *%0%la %**"e*+ O%%#al%$& o! $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# o a#1 e,o$ *ho"l1 e *$e**e1+ c) Chec a#1 *%# $he *$"1e#$*? Co#*"l$a$%o# Fo0 a#1 e#*"e $ha$ $he *$"1e#$* a1hee $o $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# *che1"le a* ell a* 1ea1l%#e* e3"%e1 & $he 1e,a$0e#$+ 1) A**e** $he I#$e%0 Re,o$ a#1 $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o#+

The *",e'%*%o# & $he *",e'%*o 1oe* #o$ el%e'e $he *$"1e#$ !o0 h%*/he !"ll e*,o#*%%l%$& !o $he co0,le$%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o#+

*. Stdents S$"1e#$* *hall e%*$e !o $he co"*e a$ $he *$a$ o! *e0e*$e 86+ oe'e- $he e#eal ,e,aa$%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# *hall co00e#ce %# *e0e*$e 841"%# h%ch $he& %ll *"0%$ $he% ,o,o*al*+ S$"1e#$* *hall ,la# $he% o a#1 a1hee $o $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# *che1"le+ F%"e = *ho* $he !locha$ $o *"00a%:e $a** $o e ca%e1 o"$ & *$"1e#$*+

The "%1el%#e* $o e o*e'e1 & *$"1e#$* o%# o# $he% F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# ae a* !ollo*<2 a) S$"1e#$* *hall ,o'%1e a ,ac$%cal *che1"le $o e#ale $he0 $o co0,le$e $he e,o$ & $he 1"e 1a$e+ ) S$"1e#$* *hall eco1 $he ,oe** o! $he% o %# $he Co#*"l$a$%o# Fo0 a#1 ee, ", $o 1a$e %$h $he *$a#1a1 !o0a$- e3"%e0e#$* a#1 1ea1l%#e* o! $he 1e,a$0e#$+ The Co#*"l$a$%o# Fo0 *hall e *"0%$$e1 $o $he Coo1%#a$o he# *"0%$$%# $he !%#al 1a!$+

9


Eal& Se0e*$e 84

B%e!%# o# F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# & $he Coo1%#a$o

To,%c ,o,o*al- a,,o'al a#1 a,,o%#$0e#$ o! *",e'%*o

Pe,ae ,la# a#1 *che1"le !o %0,le0e#$a$%o# o! F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# #rearati!n and

>%$e ", o! I#$e%0 Re,o$

Co#*"l$a$%o# %$h *",e'%*o

S(missi!n M%11le Se0e*$e 89 (e!oe 0%12 $e0 ea)

S"0%$ $he I#$e%0 Re,o$

I#$e%0 A**e**0e#$ & $he *",e'%*o

>%$e ", o! F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# (Co#$%#"a$%o# !o0 $he I#$e%0 Re,o$ %$h a0e#10e#$ Co#*"l$a$%o# %$h *" e'%*o S"0%$ 1a!$ $o *",e'%*o e!oe $he !%#al *"0%**%o# 1a$e E#1 o! Se0e*$e 86

Re"!rd and Reeren"es

F%#al *"0%**%o# (S"0%$ $hee () %# o"#1 F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# Re,o$ $o Coo1%#a$o)

S"0%$ $he coec$e1 F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# Re,o$ %# ha1 o"#1 $o $he Coo1%#a$o !o eco1 a#1 e!ee#ce*

6

A**e**0e#$ & The S",e'%*o a#1 Seco#1 A**e**o


F%"e =< S"00a& o! $he $a** $o e ca%e1 o"$ & *$"1e#$*

3.0 FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION C/NDR Tale* =-  a#1 4 (a) ,e*e#$ $he cale#1a !o *e0e*$e* 84- 89 a#1 86+ Tale 4+8 () *ho $he checl%*$ !o $he Coo1%#a$o*

Ta(le *: Calendar !r Semester 04 ee' 1 S$"1e#$ e%*$a$%o#

ee' * B%e!%# o# F%#al Poec$

ee' 7

ee' 8

ee'  Pa#el* !o $o,%c ,e*e#$a$%o# %ll e 1%*,la&e1 ee' 10

ee' 4 Pe*e#$a$%o# o! $o,%c !o a,,o'al

ee' 5

ee' 6 A,,o%#$0e#$ o! S",e'%*o*

ee'  S",e'%*o L%*$ %ll e 1%*,la&e1

ee' 11

ee' 1*

ee' 1

ee' 14

Re*each . %$%# ",

Ta(le : Calendar !r Semester 05

ee' 1 S$"1e#$ e%*$a$%o#

ee' *

ee' 

ee' 4 Re*each . %$%# ",

ee' 5

ee' 6

ee' 7

ee' 8

ee' 10

ee' 11

ee' 1*

ee' 1

ee'  S"0%**%o# o! I#$e%0 Re,o$ ee' 14

Co#$%#"e Re*each . %$%# ", Ta(le 4 9a: Calendar !r Semester 06 ee' 1 S$"1e#$ e%*$a$%o#

ee' *

ee' 

ee' 4

ee' 7 >%$%# I#

ee' 8 S"0%**%o# a#1

ee' 10

ee' 11

7

ee' 5 >%$%# %# ,oe** ee' 1*

ee' 6

ee' 

ee' 1

ee' 14


Poe** ee' 15

A**e**0e#$

Re*"l$




Ta(le 4 9(: C+e"'list !r t+e C!!rdinat!rs

Deartment ! ;antit- Sr)e-in< Semester 04 Semester 05

ee' 1

Final #r!$e"t2Dissertati!n 9;SM6642;S%64 Semester 06 3radate stdent2 Semester 0 C!!rdinat!rs: To chec %$h A10%#%*$a$%o# A**%*$a#$ (AA) !o $he l%*$ o! Re%*$ee1 S$"1e#$* !o

B%e!%# $o all S$"1e#$* 2 Ma#"al 2 Poce** 2 Poce1"e To *"0%$ $he% ,a$%c"la*

QSM664/QSB674

F%#al Da$e !o Bo"#1 Co,%e* ( co,%e*  ;CD $o L%a&) S"0%**%o# Fo0 (*%#e1 a#1 *$a0,e1 & S",e'%*o)

Stdents: Re%*$e !o QSM664/QSB674

To *e#1 Re0%#1e $o #o#2 *"0%**%o# o! Bo"#1 Co,%e* . CD

RMR=S

* 

Pa#el* !o To,%c Selec$%o# Pe*e#$a$%o# %ll e 1%*,la&e1

4

T!i" Sele"ti!n #resentati!n: 2 S$"1e#$ %ll ,o,o*e $he% $o,%c ,o,o*al $o ,a#el (QS Lec$"e*) 2 I ar!)ed- %00e1%a$el& *ee S",e'%*%o# Coo1%#a$o $o e2 chec a,,o'e1 $o,%c+ B%# alo# $he To,%c Po,o*al !o0 $ha$ ha1 ee# !%lle1 %# & ,a#el 2 I n!t ar!)ed- #ee1 $o e2 %#$e'%e To F%#al%:e $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# To,%c

5

6

2

Re2%#$e'%e Pa#el






ee' 2

To F%#al%:e $he S",e'%*o L%*$

2

S",e'%*o L%*$ %ll e 1%*,la&e1

 S$"1e#$* $o S(mit t+e interim Re!rt. Ma* alloca$%o#< ;9G

Final #r!$e"t2Dissertati!n 9;SM6642;S%64 Semester 06 3radate stdent2 Semester 0

Cla** Re,e*e#$a$%'e< 2 To *"0%$ 1e$a%l* (#a0ea11e**- co#$ac$ #"0e* a#1 e0a%l) $o E'al"a$%o# Coo1%#a$o

7 8

S(missi!n ! Final

#r!$e"t2Dissertati!n Drat: 2

S"0%$ %$h Co#*"l$a$%o# Fo0(*%#e1 a#1 *$a0, & S",e'%*o)

(%! le** $ha# 65 co#*"l$a$%o# H e1"c$%o# o! 0a*) N!n>s(missi!n ? FI/ To Se#1 $he = #1 Co,& $o = #1 A**e**o

10

11 1*

Fee1ac & S",e'%*o

Ma* !o0 $he ;*$ . =#1 A**e**o D"e (9G)

;8

RMR=S




ee' 2

To F%#al%:e $he S",e'%*o L%*$

2

S",e'%*o L%*$ %ll e 1%*,la&e1

 S$"1e#$* $o S(mit t+e interim Re!rt. Ma* alloca$%o#< ;9G


RMR=S

Cla** Re,e*e#$a$%'e< 2 To *"0%$ 1e$a%l* (#a0ea11e**- co#$ac$ #"0e* a#1 e0a%l) $o E'al"a$%o# Coo1%#a$o

7 8

S(missi!n ! Final

#r!$e"t2Dissertati!n Drat: 2

S"0%$ %$h Co#*"l$a$%o# Fo0(*%#e1 a#1 *$a0, & S",e'%*o)

(%! le** $ha# 65 co#*"l$a$%o# H e1"c$%o# o! 0a*) N!n>s(missi!n ? FI/ To Se#1 $he = #1 Co,& $o = #1 A**e**o

10

11 1*

Fee1ac & S",e'%*o

Ma* !o0 $he ;*$ . =#1 A**e**o D"e (9G)

;8



ee'



1

To 1 A**e**o (%! 1%!!ee#ce o! 0a* 0oe $ha# =8 0a*)

14

All Ma* ae $o e !%#al%:e1 LE;9 1"e

RMR=S

•

15

@am Reslt< To Se#1 Le$$e / call $he S$"1e#$* !o coec$%o#* S$"1e#$* $o 0ae aa#e0e#$ %$h $he S",e'%*o $o collec$ F%#al Re,o$ %#cl"1%# co00e#$* a#1 $o ca& o"$ a0e#10e#$* %! #ece**a&

;;

AM =



ee'



1

To 1 A**e**o (%! 1%!!ee#ce o! 0a* 0oe $ha# =8 0a*)

14

All Ma* ae $o e !%#al%:e1 LE;9 1"e

RMR=S

•

@am Reslt< To Se#1 Le$$e / call $he S$"1e#$* !o coec$%o#*

15

AM =

S$"1e#$* $o 0ae aa#e0e#$ %$h $he S",e'%*o $o collec$ F%#al Re,o$ %#cl"1%# co00e#$* a#1 $o ca& o"$ a0e#10e#$* %! #ece**a&

;;


4.0 CBOOSIN3 TB FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION TO#IC

The !ollo%# !ac$o* *ho"l1 e co#*%1ee1 he# choo*%# $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# $o,%c aea< ;+

The *$"1e#$ *ho"l1 e %#$ee*$e1 %# $he *"ec$ aea $o e e*eache1+

=+

The $o,%c *ho"l1 e ele'a#$ $o $he aea o! $he *$"1e#$?* !"$"e ,o!e**%o#al o+

+

The $o,%c *ho"l1 e o#e %# h%ch $he *$"1e#$ ca# ea1%l& a%# acce** $o $he #ece**a& 1a$a+

I# o1e $o 1ec%1e o# a *"%$ale $o,%c aea !o *$"1&- %$ %* oo1 !o $he *$"1e#$ $o *,e#1 $%0e loo%# a$ ,a*$ !%#al ,oec$*/ 1%**e$a$%o#*- #e* 0e1%a- lea#e1 o"#al* a#1 ,"l%*he1 ,a,e* !o0 co#!ee#ce* a#1 *&0,o*%a+ The0e* !o0 $he *$"1e#$* co"*e o 0a& e a "*e!"l *o"ce o! %1ea*+ Pole0* e#co"#$ee1 1"%# %#1"*$%al e5,e%e#ce 0a& al*o ha'e a*,ec$* h%ch ae o$h& o! %#'e*$%a$%o#+ I$ %* al*o %0,o$a#$ $ha$ $he $o,%c cho*e# %* *,ec%!%c %$h cleal& 1e!%#e1 oec$%'e* a#1 $he $%$le cho*e# *ho"l1 e!lec$ $he !ocal ,o%#$ a#1 $he aea o!


4.0 CBOOSIN3 TB FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION TO#IC

The !ollo%# !ac$o* *ho"l1 e co#*%1ee1 he# choo*%# $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# $o,%c aea< ;+

The *$"1e#$ *ho"l1 e %#$ee*$e1 %# $he *"ec$ aea $o e e*eache1+

=+

The $o,%c *ho"l1 e ele'a#$ $o $he aea o! $he *$"1e#$?* !"$"e ,o!e**%o#al o+

+

The $o,%c *ho"l1 e o#e %# h%ch $he *$"1e#$ ca# ea1%l& a%# acce** $o $he #ece**a& 1a$a+

I# o1e $o 1ec%1e o# a *"%$ale $o,%c aea !o *$"1&- %$ %* oo1 !o $he *$"1e#$ $o *,e#1 $%0e loo%# a$ ,a*$ !%#al ,oec$*/ 1%**e$a$%o#*- #e* 0e1%a- lea#e1 o"#al* a#1 ,"l%*he1 ,a,e* !o0 co#!ee#ce* a#1 *&0,o*%a+ The0e* !o0 $he *$"1e#$* co"*e o 0a& e a "*e!"l *o"ce o! %1ea*+ Pole0* e#co"#$ee1 1"%# %#1"*$%al e5,e%e#ce 0a& al*o ha'e a*,ec$* h%ch ae o$h& o! %#'e*$%a$%o#+ I$ %* al*o %0,o$a#$ $ha$ $he $o,%c cho*e# %* *,ec%!%c %$h cleal& 1e!%#e1 oec$%'e* a#1 $he $%$le cho*e# *ho"l1 e!lec$ $he !ocal ,o%#$ a#1 $he aea o! *$"1&+

The c%$e%a $o e "*e1 %# $he a,,o'al o! a F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# $%$le %ll %#cl"1e $he !ollo%#< •

I* %$ ela$e1 $o $he *$"1e#$?* o# a#e o! %#$ee*$

•

I* %$ ela$e1 $o $he a%0* a#1 oec$%'e* o! $he Poa00e

•

I* %$ ela$e1 $o 0oe $ha# o#e o! $he *"ec$ aea* o! $he Poa00e

•

Doe* %$ co0%#e a# aca1e0%c a,,oach %$h *o0e ,ac$%cal o

•

>%ll %$ e3"%e o%%#al co#$%"$%o# !o0 $he *$"1e#$

•

Ae $he e*o"ce* e3"%e1 ea1%l& a'a%lale

5.0 TB TO#IC #RO#OS/

A$ $he e%##%# o! Se0e*$e 84- each *$"1e#$ %* e3"%e1 $o ,o,o*e h%*/he $o,%c !o a,,o'al & $he De,a$0e#$+ Each *$"1e#$ *ho"l1 ,e*e#$ a$ lea*$  $o,%c ,o,o*al* h%ch *ho"l1 %#cl"1e %$e0* a* %# Tale 9 a#1 A,,e#1%5 ;+

;=


The $o,%c ,o,o*al %ll e ,e*e#$e1 $o a ,a#el o! lec$"e* !o a,,o'al+ S$"1e#$* ae #o$ alloe1 $o cha#e $he% $o,%c %$ho"$ ,%o ,e0%**%o# !o0 $he De,a$0e#$+ A#& cha#e* $o

$he a,,o'e1 $o,%c *ho"l1 e 1o#e e!oe $he e#1 o! Se0e*$e 84 a#1 $he a,,l%ca$%o# *ho"l1 e 0a1e %# %$%# $o $he Coo1%#a$o %$h eco00e#1a$%o# !o0 $he *",e'%*o+

Tale 9< The Co#$e#$* o! To,%c Po,o*al

TITLE OERIE> OF TE TITLE AIM

OBJECTIES

METODOLO@

A clea a#1 co#c%*e *$a$e0e#$ o! ha$ %* e%# ,o,o*e1+ Po'%1e a %e! o'e'%e o! $he $o,%c  %+e+ a *$a$e0e#$ h%ch *a&* cleal& ha$ $he F%#al Poec$ /D%**e$a$%o# %ll e ao"$+ The *$"1e#$ *ho"l1 al*o 1e0o#*$a$e ho %$ ela$e* $o $he ,oa0+ S,ec%!& ha$ $he *$"1e#$ %* a%0%# $o a#al&:e- e'al"a$e a#1 $e*$ %# o#e *e#$e#ce  o!$e# %# $he !o0 o! ha$ %* $o e %#'e*$%a$e1 (3"al%$a$%'e e*each) o ha$ %0,ac$ $he 0a%# %#1e,e#1e#$ 'a%ale* ae el%e'e1 $o ha'e o# $he 1e,e#1e#$ 'a%ale* (3"a#$%$a$%'e e*each)+ Be$ee# $hee a#1 !%'e *%#le *e#$e#ce oec$%'e* *ho"l1 e 1e'elo,e1 a* *,ec%!%c %#'e*$%a$%'e ele0e#$* h%ch *",,o$ $he o'eall a%0+ Th%* *ho"l1 e5,la%# (%) $he *o"ce* o! 1a$a (%%) 0e$ho1* $o e a1o,$e1 !o collec$%# %#!o0a$%o# a#1 1a$aK a#1 (%%%) $he e5,ec$e1 0e$ho1* o! a#al&:%# $he 1a$a+

E$c+ (a* *ho# %# A,,e#1%5 ;)

6.0

FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION MN3MNT

6.1

C!nsltati!n I$ %* co0,"l*o& !o *$"1e#$* $o ee, a eco1 o! $he% co#*"l$a$%o# a#1 $he 0%#"$e* o! $he 1%*c"**%o#* %$h $he *",e'%*o+ The*e eco1 %ll ha'e $o e %#%$%ale1 & $he *",e'%*o (e!e $o A,,e#1%5 =)+ The *$"1e#$ *ho"l1 0ae e"la co#*"l$a$%o#* %$h $he *",e'%*o+ The De,a$0e#$ e3"%e* $he *$"1e#$ $o 0ee$ %$h $he *",e'%*o a$ lea*$ *%5 (6) $%0e* o'e $he 1"a$%o# o! $he ,e,aa$%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o#+ The De,a$0e#$ e*e'e* $he %h$ $o eec$ a !%#al *"0%**%o# o!

;


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.0

FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION STRUCTUR The le#$h o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# e,o$ %* ao"$ ;8-888 $o ;9-888 o1* e5cl"1%# $he a*$ac$- co#$e#$ ,ae*- a,,e#1%ce*- $ale*- ,ho$o* a#1 1%aa0*+ E1%$%# o 1o# $o $he e3"%e1 le#$h %* o#e o! $he *%ll* o! e,o$ %$%#+

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@LASS REINFORCED PLASTIC CLADDIN@

Fi<res2 Dia
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/ist ! ((re)iati!ns The l%*$ o! ae'%a$%o#* %* a "*e!"l "%1e $o e#*"e $ha$ o$h *$a#1a1? a#1 ,a$%c"la? ae'%a$%o#* ae "#1e*$oo1 & all ea1e*+ All ae'%a$%o#* "*e1 %# $he e,o$ *ho"l1 e l%*$e1 al,hae$%call& %$h $he !"ll %$e0* #o$e1 aa%#*$ each ae'%a$%o#+

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Citati!n The F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# 0"*$ e coec$l& c%$e1 o e!ee#ce1+ I# $he !%*$ ,lace $h%* 0ea#* a'o%1%# $he %#a1'e$e#$ a,,eaa#ce o! ,la%a%*0+ I# o$he o1* he#e'e a ,a**ae o! $he $e5$ el%e* !o %$* a"0e#$ ",o# o#e ,a$%c"la *o"ce$ha$ *o"ce 0"*$ e ac#ole1e1+ Thee ae !e 1%!!ee#$ *$&le* o *&*$e0* %# c%$%# e!ee#ce* e+ APA- MLA- T"a%a#- a'a1- e$c+)+ I$ %* eco00e#1e1 $o "*e $he Bar)ard s-stem eca"*e o! %$* !le5%%l%$&- *%0,l%c%$&- cla%$& a#1 ea*e o! "*e o$h !o

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a"$ho a#1 ea1e+ Thee %* #o $h%1 ,lace $o loo *"ch a* !oo$#o$e* a#1 cha,$e e!ee#ce* h%ch ae !ea$"e* o! o$he *&*$e0*+

Citin< in t+e te@t The a'a1 *&*$e0 o! c%$a$%o# %* $he 0o*$ *$a%h$!oa1- eca"*e %#%$%all& all $he *$"1e#$* #ee1 $o 1o %* $o 0e#$%o# $he a"$ho?* *"#a0e a#1 ,"l%ca$%o# &ea %# $he $e5$+ e++ According to Smith (1999), the types of risks in construction projects are divided into environmental/ political, hazard/ safety, market and technical/ functional

Fo dire"t !tati!ns< #ee1 $o %1e#$%!& $he ,ae #"0e*+ e++ !roject finance is the term used to descri"e the financing of a particular legal entity, a project, #hose cash flo#s and revenues #ill "e accepted "y the lender as a source of funds from #hich the loan #ill "e repaid$ (Smith, 1999 p1%&)

Fo t! at+!rs e++ 'ello#s  iu (199*) mentioned that+++++++++++++

Fo m!re t+an t! at+!rs< I# $he ca*e o! 0oe $ha# $o a"$ho*- $he !%*$ a"$ho !olloe1 & e$ al?- o a#1 o$he*?+ e++ atlock et al (199&) has argued that+++++++++++++++++

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C!n"lsi!n Co#cl"*%o#* ae $he 0ao o"$,"$ o! $he e*each 2 ha$ ha* ee# !o"#1 o"$ ao"$ $he $o,%c "#1e *$"1& $ho"h $he e5ec"$%o# o! $he e*each+ A* *"ch- co#cl"*%o#* ,e*e#$ $he 0ao %$e0* a#1 $he0e* h%ch ha'e ee# a%*e1 a#1 %#'e*$%a$e1+ The co#cl"*%o# co0,le$e* $he *$o&? o! $he e*each !o0 ha$ %$ a* 1e*%e1 $o find out $o ha$ ha* ee# found out + The co#cl"*%o# *ho"l1 al*o %#cl"1e eco00e#1a$%o#* !o !"$he *$"1&+

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endi"es

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.14

Reeren"es Each F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# e,o$ *hall co#$a%# a Re!ee#ce* *ec$%o# ("*%# t+e Bar)ard s-stems) %# h%ch all o* c%$e1 %# $he $e5$ ae l%*$e1- %# al,hae$%cal o1e o! a"$ho?* #a0e- %e*,ec$%'e o! $he *o"ce o! e!ee#ce- a* %'e# elo<

a) Fo oo* I#cl"1e $he !ollo%# %#!o0a$%o#+ The o1e %*< (;)

A"$ho(*)- e1%$o(*) o $he %#*$%$"$%o# e*,o#*%le !o %$%# $he oo+

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Se%e* a#1 %#1%'%1"al 'ol"0e #"0e (%! a#&)

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P"l%*he

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Place o! ,"l%ca$%o# %! #o#

e++ Sac:"- B+ (;6)- .isk avoidance for the "uilding team- E . N S,o# Lo#1o#+ Moh- L+B+ (;6)- -mpact analysis for program evaluation- =#1 e1+- Sae- Lo#1o#+

)

Fo $he*e* a#1 1%**e$a$%o#* I#cl"1e $he #a0e o! $he aa1%# %#*$%$"$%o#+ e++ L%0 + (=888) he valuation of hotels+ U#,"l%*he1 "#1ea1"a$e 1%**e$a$%o#De,a$0e#$ o! Real e*$a$e- Na$%o#al U#%'e*%$& o! S%#a,oe Re,lace "#1ea1"a$e %$h 0a*$e o 1oc$oal a#1 1%**e$a$%o# %$h $he*%* hee a,,o,%a$e+

c)

Fo co#!ee#ce/ *e0%#a ,a,e* e++

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D a0%0ah A1#a# (=886)  Mala&*%a# Co#$ac$o*? O,%#%o# Toa1* I#$e#a$%o#al Mae$ E5,a#*%o#-? J"#e =886- I#$e#a$%o#al Co#!ee#ce %# B"%l$ E#'%o#0e#$- "ala L"0," 1)

Fo e,ae e++ PARN(=888)- Co#$%#"%# Po!e**%o#al De'elo,0e#$ (U#%$e1 %#1o0Po!e**%o#al A**oc%a$%o#* Re*each Ne$o)A'a%lale< *$ h$$,
e)

Fo o"#al* Cha,0a#- R+J+ (=88;) The co#$oll%# %#!l"e#ce* o# e!!ec$%'e %* %1e#$%!%ca$%o# a#1 a**e**0e#$ !o co#*$"c$%o# 1e*%# 0a#ae0e#$?- -nternational 0ournal of !roject anagement + ol+ ; ,, ;472;68

D! n!t "*e #"0e*/"lle$* *"ch a*< ;) Sac:"- B+ (;6)- .isk avoidance for the "uilding team- E . N S,o# Lo#1o#+ =) Moh- L+B+ (;6)- -mpact analysis for program evaluation- =#1 e1+- Sae- Lo#1o#+ O

7.15

•

Sac:"- B+ (;6)- .isk avoidance for the "uilding team- E . N S,o# Lo#1o#+

•

Moh- L+B+ (;6)- -mpact analysis for program evaluation- =#1 e1+- Sae- Lo#1o#+

C!)er ! t+e Final #r!$e"t2Dissertati!n Re!rt The co'e o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# e,o$ *hall !ollo $he !o0a$ %# A,,e#1%5 7+ The ,a$%c"la* $o e ,%#$e1 o# $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# co'e *hall e o! ;2 ,o%#$* A%al 3O/D %/OC= FONT+ The *,%#e *hall al*o e le$$ee1 %# ol1 (1%ec$%o# o! $e5$ !o0 hea1 $o !oo$)- "*%# ;42,o%#$ !o#$+

.16

F!rmattin< The !o0a$ o! $he e,o$ %* %'e# %# A,,e#1%5 +

.1

%indin< The !%#al co,%e* 0"*$ e o"#1 %# "ca0 0aoo# ha1 co'e+ Pae* *ho"l1 e ,e0a#e#$l& *ec"e1+ The co'e* *ho"l1 e *"!!%c%e#$l& %%1 $o *",,o$ $he e%h$ o! $he o he# *$a#1%# o# *hel!+

=8


.17

#aer and Dli"ati!n U*e 3"al%$& ,la%# h%$e *%0%le ,a,e (8 0) o! A4 *%:e (=;800 5 =700) !o all $hee () co,%e* o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# e,o$ !o $he *"0%**%o#+ D",l%ca$%# o! ,%#2!ee1 co0,"$e %* #o$ alloe1+ O#l& $he o%%#al o12,oce**e1 co,& o! a F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# o %$* oo1- clea# a#1 le%le ,ho$oco,%e* %ll e acce,$e1+

.0

SU%MISSION OF FIN/ #ROCT2DISSRTTION The F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# 0"*$ e ha#1e1 %# & $he 1"e 1a$e a#1 $%0e+ A#& *"0%**%o#* a!$e $he 1"e 1a$e %ll e 1ee0e1 la$e+ La$e *"0%**%o#* %ll #o$ e 0ae1 a#1 %ll e %'e# a FAIL a1e+

E5e0,$%o#* !o0 $he ao'e 0a& e a#$e1 he# ,e0%**%o# !o la$e *"0%**%o# ha* ee# o$a%#e1 ,%o $o $he 1"e 1a$e o a *e%o"* %ll#e** ha* occ"e1 ,o'%1e1 $ha$ a 0e1%cal ce$%!%ca$e %* ,o'%1e1 %$h%# *e'e# (7) o%# 1a&* a!$e $he 1"e 1a$e+ F%"e  *ho* $he !locha$ !o $he *"0%**%o# a#1 a**e**0e#$ o! F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o#+

Thee ae $hee () *$ae* o! *"0%**%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o#<

(%)

I#$e%0 Re,o$ To e *"0%$$e1 %# $he 0%11le o! Se0e*$e 89+ The 0a%# ,",o*e %* $o 0o#%$o *$"1e#$*? ,oe**+ The co#$e#$ o! $he I#$e%0 Re,o$ %* *ho# %# A,,e#1%5 +

(ii)

F%#al Da!$ To e *"0%$$e1 a$ $he e#1 o! Se0e*$e 86+ The 1a!$ *ho"l1 e *"0%$$e1 %# $hee () co,%e* %# %# o"#1+ O#e co,& *ho"l1 e a# o%%#al a#1 $he o$he $o co,%e* ae oo1 3"al%$& ,ho$oco,&+

(iii)

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=;


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SEMESTER 8

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SEMESTER 87 No

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F%"e < S"0%**%o# Poce1"e o! F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o#

8.0

SSSSMNT The oec$%'e o! e'al"a$%o# o# $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# %* $o 1e$e0%#e $he *$a#1a1 a#1 3"al%$& o! $he o+ The F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# h%ch ca%e* *%5 (6) ce1%$ ho"* %* a**e**e1 %# $o *$ae* %+e+ %# Se0e*$e 89 (I#$e%0 Re,o$) a#1 a!$e $he *"0%**%o# o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# Da!$ %# Se0e*$e 86+

+;

I#$e%0 Re,o$ a**e**0e#$ The I#$e%0 Re,o$ a**e**0e#$ %ll co#*$%$"$e ;9G o! $he o'eall 0a !o F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o#+ Ma* %ll e aa1e1 o# $he a*%* o! o'eall a**e**0e#$ o! ,oe** $o 1a$e a#1 $he *$"1e#$*? a,,oach $o l%$ea$"e *each- *e$$%# oec$%'e* a#1 ,la##%# o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o#+ The I#$e%0 Re,o$ %ll o#l& e a**e**e1 & $he *",e'%*o+ The 0a%# *che0e !o $h%* a**e**0e#$ %* a* ,e Fo0 ;A %# A,,e#1%5 ;8(a)+

+=

F%#al 1a!$ a**e**0e#$ The a**e**0e#$ o! $he !%#al 1a!$ o! $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# %ll co#*$%$"$e 9G o! $he o'eall 0a+ The 0a %ll e 1e$e0%#e1 o# $he a*%* o! $he co#$e#$- a#al&*%* a#1 !%#1%#*- co#cl"*%o# a#1 eco00e#1a$%o#* a#1 o'eall ,e*e#$a$%o# o! $he e,o$+ The alloca$%o# !o 0a* %* a* ,e Fo0 ;B %# A,,e#1%5 ;8()+ The F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# %* a**e**e1 & $he *",e'%*o (!%*$ a**e**o) a#1 a *eco#1 a**e**o+ I! $he 1%!!ee#ce o! 0a* e$ee# $he *",e'%*o (!%*$ a**e**o) a#1 $he *eco#1 a**e**o %* =8 0a* o 0oe- a $h%1 a**e**o %* a,,o%#$e1+ The a'eae o! $he 0a* %'e# & $he $h%1 a**e**o a#1 $he 0a* %'e# & $he eal%e a**e**o* h%ch %* #eae $o $he $h%1 a**e**o?* 0a %ll e $he !%#al 0a+

=


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i.

3rade  9@"ellent E ? 80100  ? 7078  ? 58

•

Oec$%'e* o! $he *$"1& cleal& *,ec%!%e1+

•

D%*,la&* "#1e*$a#1%# %# $he cho%ce a#1 "*e o! 1a$e collec$%o# 0e$ho1

•

%h le'el %# a#al&*%* o! 1a$a collec$e1+

•

Po'%1e* a co0,ehe#*%'e a#1 c%$%cal a#al&*%* o! $he 0e$ho1olo%cal *$e#$h* a#1 l%0%$a$%o#* o! $he *$"1&+ Co0,ehe#*%'e e'%e o! l%$ea$"e a#1 c%$%cal a#al&*%* o! e&

•

%**"e*+ S"*$a%#* lo%cal a"0e#$ a#1 o%%#al %1ea* %# o$h 0a%# $e5$

•

a#1 co#cl"*%o#*+ •

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•

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•

Pe*e#$a$%o# '%*"all& *$%0"la$%#+

ii.

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Oec$%'e* o! $he *$"1& cleal& *$a$e1+

•

D%*,la&* "#1e*$a#1%# %# *elec$%o# o! 0e$ho1* o! 1a$a collec$%o#+

•

A,,o,%a$e 0e$ho1* o! 1a$a a#al&*%* *elec$e1+

•

Co0,ehe#*%'e e'%e o! $he l%$ea$"e a#1 c%$%cal a#al&*%* o! e& %**"e*+

•

Coe#$- ell ala#ce1 a"0e#$ ,"$ !oa1+

=4

MANUAL FOR FINAL PROJECT/DISSERTATION (QSM664/QSB674) Bachelo o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%# (o#*+) De,$+ o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%#- Fac"l$& o! Ach%$ec$"e- Pla##%# . S"'e&%#- U%TM •

A,,o,%a$e co#cl"*%o#* 1a# a#1 eco00e#1a$%o#* 0a1e+

•

Co#c%*el& a#1 acc"a$el& %$$e#+

•

De0o#*$a$e* oo1 ,e*e#$a$%o# *%ll*+

iii.

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Oec$%'e* o! *$"1& clea+

•

L%0%$e1 cho%ce o! 1a$a collec$%o# 0e$ho1*+

•

A1e3"a$e a#al&*%* o! $he *$e#$h* a#1 l%0%$a$%o#* o! $he *$"1&+

•

>%1e a#e o! $he l%$ea$"e- e& %**"e* %1e#$%!%e1+

•

A1e3"a$e a#al&*%* o! !%#1%#*+

•

Lo%cal a"0e#$ a1'a#ce1+

•

A,,o,%a$e co#cl"*%o#* 1a# a#1 eco00e#1a$%o# 0a1e+

•

Acc"a$el& %$$e#+

•

>ell ,e*e#$e1+

i).

3rade C 9Fail C ? 448 •

F%el1 o! e#3"%& a#1 oec$%'e* o! *$"1& #o$ cleal& *$a$e1+

•

L%0%$e1 *elec$%o# a#1 "*e o! 1a$a collec$%o# 0e$ho1*+

•

S",e!%c%al a#al&*%* o! $he *$e#$h* a#1 l%0%$a$%o#* o! $he *$"1&+

•

L%0%$e1 e'%e o! ele'a#$ l%$ea$"e+

•

S",e!%c%al a#al&*%* o! 1a$a+

•

L%0%$e1 co#cl"*%o#* 1a# a#1 eco00e#1a$%o#* 0a1e+

•

Co0,e$e#$ %$%# *%ll*+

•

A1e3"a$e ,e*e#$a$%o# o! 0a$e%al*+

).

3rade D t!  9%ad Fail DE ? 4446 D ? 40 > 4  ? 08

=9

MANUAL FOR FINAL PROJECT/DISSERTATION (QSM664/QSB674) Bachelo o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%# (o#*+) De,$+ o! Q"a#$%$& S"'e&%#- Fac"l$& o! Ach%$ec$"e- Pla##%# . S"'e&%#- U%TM •

F%el1 o! e#3"%& a#1 oec$%'e* o! *$"1& "#clea+

•

I#a,,o,%a$e cho%ce o! 1a$a collec$%o# 0e$ho1*+

•

L%0%$e1 a#al&*%* o! $he *$e#$h* a#1 l%0%$a$%o#* o! $he *$"1&+

•

L%0%$e1 ac3"a%#$a#ce %$h $he l%$ea$"e a,,o,%a$e $o $he cho*e# $o,%c+

•

L%0%$e1 a#al&*%* o! 1a$a+

•

S",e!%c%al a"0e#$- lac%# %# *$"c$"e+

•

Poo %$%# *%ll*+

•

I#a1e3"a$e ,e*e#$a$%o# o! 0a$e%al*+

S$"1e#$* ho !a%le1 $he F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# 0"*$ e2e%*$e !o $he Co"*e %# $he !ollo%# *e0e*$e a#1 $o 0ae #ece**a& a0e#10e#$ a#1 %0,o'e0e#$ o# $he% e,o$ a*e1 o# co00e#$* 0a1e & $he *",e'%*o a#1 $he *eco#1 a**e**o+ The 0a5%0"0 0a !o a *eco#1 a$$e0,$ %* o#l& @a1e C (98G)+

10.0

CONC/USION The F%#al Poec$/D%**e$a$%o# "#1e$ae# & $he *$"1e#$* 1e0a#1* a e%0e#$e1- 1%l%e#$ a#1 %#$ellec$"al e5ec%*e+ Th%* e#$a%l* $he *$"1e#$*- a0o#*$ o$he*- $o %1e#$%!& a e*each aea1e$e0%#e $he a%0 a#1 oec$%'e* o! $he e*each- co#1"c$ a co0,ehe#*%'e l%$ea$"e e'%e a#1 a#al&*%* o! c%$%cal %**"e*- "#1e*$a#1 $he cho%ce a#1 "*e o! a,,o,%a$e 0e$ho1* a#1 $ool* !o 1a$a collec$%o# a#1 a#al&*%*- 1e'elo, $he a%l%$& $o co00"#%ca$e lo%cal a"0e#$* a#1 o%%#al %1ea*- e $ho"h$!"l a#1 e!!ec$%'e %# 0a%# co#cl"*%o#* a#1 eco00e#1a$%o#*- a#1 !%#all&- ,e*e#$ $he !%#1%#* co#c%*el& a#1 acc"a$el& %# a# e!!ec$%'e e,o$ o! a ,o!e**%o#al *$a#1a1- %# $he !o0 o! 1%**e$a$%o#+

I# $he ,oce**- $he *$"1e#$* ae $a%#e1 $o e oa#%:e1- $o o %#1e,e#1e#$l&- a#1 "l$%0a$el&$he& %ll ac3"%e $he ele'a#$ *%ll- e5,e%e#ce a#1 #ole1e o# $he co#*$"c$%o# %#1"*$&- %# e#eal- a#1 a*,ec$* o! 3"a#$%$& *"'e&%#- %# ,a$%c"la+

=6

Manual Qsm 664

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