Manual of Four Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine Test Rig

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Manual of Four Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine Test Rig

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FOUR CYLINDER FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE TEST RIG With Eddy Current Dynamometer

(TD-103BH2)

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FOUR CYLINDER FOUR STROKE PETROL ENGINE TE

(WITH EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER AND MORSE TEST ARRANG

1.

OBJECTIVE: To study the Multi cylinder four stroke petrol engine & its characteristics. AIM: To determine: 2.1

Brake Power

2.2

Fuel consumption

2.3

Specific fuel consumption

2.4

Brake thermal efficiency

2.5

Indicated Power

2.6

Mechanical efficiency

2.7

Swept volume

2.8

Air consumption

2.9

Volumetric efficiency

You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.

Download With Free Trial

2.10 Heat balance sheet 3.

INTRODUCTION:

Master your semester with Scribd  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  & The The New York Timesused source of power formotor Useful vehicles,  Not useful most commonly introduced Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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engineers Gottlieb Daimler and Karl Benz in 1885. The petrol engine is a

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flywheel is connected. From the flywheel the power is transferred to the vehicl wheels via the transmission system of clutch, gearbox, and final drive. 4.

THEORY: THE FOUR STROKE CYCLE

The 'stroke' is simply when the piston moves either all the way up o

down inside the cylinder. As you might guess, in the four-stroke en

the four strokes accomplishes something different. Therefore, let's h the four strokes and see what happens: SUCTION

The first stroke is called Suction. This is when the fuel and air mixt

into the cylinder by the piston going down and producing suction. A

travels down the cylinder it creates a vacuum above it and the fu

drawn into the cylinder in the empty space left by the piston The pis

the top, the camshaft turns and pushes the tappets which causes the

to open and the piston moves downato let the engine take in a cylin You're Reading Preview and fuel. This is also sometimes called intake stroke. Unlock full access with a the free trial. COMPRESSION


Compression is the second of the four strokes. This is the stage whe

and air mixture is compressed and forced into the top of the cylinder re

ignition. The camshaft has turned, pushed the tappets, which has in tu the inlet valve to return to the closed position. The piston moves back

Master your semester with Scribd  the compresses this fuel/air mixture. Compressing the mixture makes Read Free For 30this Days Sign up to vote on title  & The Newmore Yorkpowerful. TimesAs the valves are both closed, Not useful is sealed  Usefulthecylinder Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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EXHAUST

This is when the exhaust gases (after the fuel is burnt) are forced o

engine. Once the piston hits the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust val

The piston travels back up inside the cylinder and this time it 'pushes' th

gasses out through the now open exhaust vent. Now the engine is rea

next cycle, so it intakes another charge of air and gas. And we are b intake stroke.

MULTIPLE CYLINDERS

The vast majority of internal combustion engines used more than one

This is entirely a question of efficiency. The limitation of the Otto Cycl

only provides power to turn the crankshaft a quarter of the time. T solution is to have four cylinders with pistons turning the crankshaft

time there is always one cylinder in the power stroke and the crankshaf

at a fairly even rate. An even more powerful method is to use extra c

intermediate points in the cycle so that one power stroke starts b previous one has finished You're Reading a Preview Unlock full access with a free trial.

DESCRIPTION:


Four Cylinders, Four Stroke, Petrol Engine Test Rig with Eddy Current Dynamo loading arrangement mainly consists of:

Master your semester 1. Loading Arrangementwith (EddyScribd Current dynamometer). Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful 2. Fuel Input Measuring Arrangement, Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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LOADING DEVICE (EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER):

It consists of a stator on which are fitted a number of electromagnets a

disc made of copper or steel and coupled to the output shaft of the engi

the rotor rotates, eddy currents are produced in the stator due the mag

set up by the passes of field current in the electromagnets. These edd oppose the rotor motion, thus loading the engine. FUEL INPUT MEASURING ARRANGEMENT:

Consists of self-mounting type fuel tank of suitable capacity mounted on The stand fixed on the air tank, fuel goes from the reservoir to fuel filter

burette. The burette facilitates the measurement of the fuel consump definite period of time with the help of a stopwatch. AIR INTAKE MEASURING ARRRANGEMENT:

Consists of an air tank having on orifice plate with orifice and a manomet measure the flow rate of air sucked by the engine.

A R R A N G E M E N T F O R M E A S U R IYou're N G TReading H E H EaAPreview T CARRIED AWAY BY COO WATER FROM ENGINE JACKET:

Unlock full access with a free trial.

Download With Free Trial Suitable piping system is fitted to the engine for circulating the cooling

the engine. Thermocouples are provided to measure the inlet a

temperature of cooling water. For measuring the rate of flow of cooling

water meter is provided. With these entire arrangements one can find carriedsemester away by cooling water. Master your with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times  Useful  Not useful A R R A N G E M E N T F O R M E A S U R I N G T H E H E A T C A R R I E D A W A Y Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

GASES:

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PANEL BOARD ARRANGEMENT:

The units fitted on the Panel board are: a)

An ignition and starting switch to switch on the ignition cir start the engine.

b)

A Pilot lamp indicator for ignition.

c)

A high voltage knife switches assembly for cutting of ea Morse Test. With the help of the four individual knife cylinder can be cut off.

d)

Throttle valve control mechanism to control the position of relation to the speed of the engine.

6.

UTILITIES REQUIRED:

6.1

Electricity supply; Single phase, 220VAC, 50 Hz, 5-15 Amp. with earth connection You're Reading a Preview

6.2

Wat er Supp ly cont inu ous @ 10 LPM at 1 Bar for eng ine Unlock full access with a free trial. calorimeter cooling.

6.3


Floor Drain Required.

6.4 your Petrol: 10 Ltrs. with Scribd Master semester Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times Useful  Not useful 6.5 Engine oil: Multi grade 20W40 4.5 Ltrs. Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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7.1.3 Fill the petrol in petrol tank.





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7.1.4 Fill the manometer with water up to half of its height. 7.1.5 Fill the burette with petrol by opening the valve V6, V5, V3 provided. 7.1.6 Supply the fuel to the engine by opening the valves V4.

7.1.7 Switch on the main supply to the panel. 7.1.8 Connect water supply to the engine.

7.1.9 Connect the pipes from engine water outlet, calorimeter water ou drain. 7.1.10 Open the valve V1 and V2. 7.1.11 Set a flow rate for engine cooling water by valve V 1 7.1.12 Set a flow rate for calorimeter cooling water by valve V2 7.1.13 Note down the reading of sensor T3/T4.

7.1.14 Adjust the load to zero with help of control panel button of eddy cu dynamometer.

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7.1.15 Check the Knife switch, all should beFree in 'ON' Download With Trial position.

7.1.16 Start the engine by rotating ignition key and let it run for 5 minute load condition.

Master your semester with Scribd Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title & The New York Times 7.1.17 Apply load on engine with help of dynamometer.  Useful  Not useful Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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7.1.18 Wait for 10 minutes so that temperatures can stabilize.

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Manual of Four Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine Test Rig Manual of Four Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine Test Rig

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7.1.26 Measure the flow rate of water through calorimeter with the Sheet Music

meter and stop watch for calorimeter cooling. 7.1.27 For morse test cut 'OFF' the first cylinder.

7.1.28 Now set the RPM to previous values before cutting cylinder b load on the engine (by accelerator). 7.1.29 Note down the RPM. 7.1.30 Note down the Load. 7.1.31 Now Cut 'ON' the first cylinder.

7.1.32 Set the RPM to the original valve (before cutting 1 st cylinder) by load on engine. 7.1.33 Repeat the experiment for remaining 3 cylinders (one at a time). 7.1.34 Repeat the experiment for different load. 7.1.35 Repeat the experiment for different RPM. 7.2 CLOSING PROCEDURE: You're Reading a Preview

7.2.1 When the experiment is over remove load on engine by dynamo Unlock full access with a free trial.

7.2.2 Stop the engine.


7.2.3 Close the fuel supply by valve V4. 7.2.4 Close the cooling water supply to the engine and calorimeter minutes.

Master your semester withV7Scribd 7.2.5 Open the valve to drain the water from calorimeter. Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title &8.The New York Times  Useful  Not useful OBSERVATION & CALCULATION: Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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Density of water p,

= 1000 kg/m3

Density of fuel pf

= 720 kg/m3

Diameter of orifice do

= 0.027 m

Diameter of piston D

= 0.084 m

Stoke length of piston L

= 0.082 m

Number of cylinder Nc

=4

Number of cycles n

=2

Mean Effective Radius R e

= 0.210 m



8.2.a OBSERVATION TABLE:

Ta

=

°

C(

of sensor T3 / T4 before starting engine)

S.No. N (RPM) hi (cm) h2 (cm) W (kg) x (m1) t (sec)



Ti (°C) T2 (°C) T3 (°C)

Master semester with Scribd T4 (your C) & TheT6New (°C) York Times °

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T6 ( C)


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W-2 (kg) N.2 (RPM) W.3 (kg) 14.3 (RPM) W-4 (kg) NLet (RPM)

8.3 CALCULATIONS:

T=Wxgx Re (N-n)

2x7TxNxT

BP = ________ (kW)

60 x 1000

W = x x Pf (kg/sec) t 106

f

W s, =__ f (kg/kW-sec)

' BP


H f — Wf x C (kW) v

Download With Free Trial 71 BT =

x 100 (%) H f

BP

V

E

MEW

—

*

PW

t E 10°3 (kg/sec)

Master your semester with Scribd H = M Cp x (T2 — T ) (kW) & The New York Times Ecw

Ew X

1

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V

P w

( k g / s e c )


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x ao\12gH (m3 /sec) 77-xD2xLxNxN

vs

1

7vol

c (m 3 /sec)

4x60xn _____ x 100 (%)

Qa vs

MORSE TEST:

When Cutting Off f irst Cylinder

T_ 1 = (WI ) x g x R e (N-m) 2 xi z - xN i x T , BP = _________________ (kW) I 60 x 1000

1P 1 = BP BP,


Unlock full access with a free trial. When Cutting Off Second Cylinder

T = (W ) x g x =


R e (N-m)

2 x x N - 2 X T - 2 (kW) 60 x 1000

1P = BP — BP

2 2 Master your semester with Scribd & The NewWhen York Times Cutting Off Third Cylinder

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T =

x g x R (N-m)


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2 X 1£ X

BP 4 —

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xT-4 (kW)

60 x 1000

1P 4 - BP B P4 IP = IP 1 +1P 2 +/P3 + 1P4 BP __ * 100 (%) IP

mech.

17 =

P

LHf *100 (%)

T I

9. NOMENCLATURE:

Nom

Column Heading

Units

ao

Area of orifice

m2

BP

Brake power

kW

Cd

Co-efficient of discharge for orifice

Co

Specific heat of water

Cv

Calorific value of fuel

D

Diameter of piston

do

Diameter of orifice

g

Acceleration due to gravity

H

Head causing flow of air through orifice


kJ/kg °C


kJ/kg Download With Free Trial

m m m/sec2 m

MasterHyour semester Heat carried bywith water Scribd from calorimeter Read kW  ccw Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  & The HEcw New Heat Yorkcarried Timesout by water from enginecooling Useful  Not useful kW Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

jacket

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Indicated Power after cutting fourth cylinder

kW

Stoke length of piston

m

mow

Mass of water entering calorimeter

kg/sec

MEW

Mass of the entering the engine cooling jacket per

kg/sec

Ca

Ca

sec

N N_ 1 N_2

Revolutions per minute

RPM

Revolutions per minute after cutting first cylinder

RPM

Revolutions

RPM

per

minute

after

cutting

second

cylinder N..3

Revolutions per minute after cutting third cylinder

RPM

N_4

Revolutions per minute after cutting fourth cylinder

RPM

Nc n

Number of cylinder Number of cycles

Qa

Air consumption

Re

Mean effective radius

T T1 T_ 1

m3/sec m

Torque

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Temperature of water at Inlet of engine


Torque after cutting first cylinder

T2

With Free Trial Temperature of water atDownload Outlet of engine

1_ 2

Torque after cutting second cylinder

T3

Temperature of exhaust gases at inlet of

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MasterT_3your semester with Scribd Torque after cutting third cylinder N-m  Read Free Foron 30this Days Sign up to vote title  & The New York Times Useful Not useful   T4 Temperature of exhaust gases at outlet of °C Special offer for students: Only $4.99/month.

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m3/sec

Swept Volume





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Dial balance weight

kg

W-1

Dial balance weight after cutting first cylinder

kg

W-2

Dial balance weight after cutting second cylinder

kg

W3

Dial balance weight after cutting third cylinder

kg

W-4

Dial balance weight after cutting fourth cylinder

kg

Wf WSf x

Fuel consumption

kg/sec

Specific fuel consumption

kg/kW-sec

Volume of fuel consumed

ml

Pa

Density of air

kg/m3

pw

Density of water

kg/m3

Brake thermal efficiency

%

Indicated thermal efficiency

%

nmech

Mechanical efficiency

%

rivoi.

Volumetric efficiency

%

11B-r nil-

pf

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Density of petrol

PRECAUTION & MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS: You're Reading a Preview

10.1 Change engine oil after every 100 hours of total running or 6 months w Unlock full access with a free trial. earlier. Download With Free Trial

10.2 Open cold water supply to the engine before starting.

10.3 Fuel tank and fuel line should be clean and free from foreign particles

10.4 The Morse test should be carried out only after the engine running cond

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Manual of Four Cylinder Four Stroke Petrol Engine Test Rig

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