Uhufõk
7 ECK^HKFNC $ Fk~}cnxeefõk
$ B}çecu zhe~c}fgihu $ B}çecu nh dgqgu nh mf~u $ Fkfefgknc Ec}hiN}gr $ Nhue}fqefõk nhi hk~c}kc $ Dcu~}g} cexi~g} hihdhk~cu nh zhk~gkg $ Igu ]hbigu $ Qgih~g nh ecic} $ Mg}}g nh q}cqfhngnhu $ Zhk~gkgu gecqigmihu $ Q}hqg}g} xk kxhzc nfuh÷c $ Q}hqg}g} qçbfkg $ Qgqhi kc}dgi $ C}fhk~gefõk nh qçbfkg $ ^gdg÷c nh qgqhi q}hhu~gmihefnc $ Nfdhkufckhu nh qgqhi uhiheefckgnc $ G}hg nh q}hzfuxgifgefõk $ Dgkfqxigefõk nh qçbfkgu $ Fkuh}~g} qçbfkgu $ Hifdfkg} qçbfkgu $ F} g ig qgbfkg $ ]hkcdm}g} qçbfkg $ Zhk~gkg nh Uädmcicu v eg}ge~h}hu $ Cmoh~cu mçufecu $ Lh}}gdfhk~g nh uhiheefõk c qxk~h}c $ Lh}}gdfhk~g }he~çkbxic $ Dhkÿ G}elfzc $
Lh}}gdfhk~g hifquh
FKFEFC GI EC]HI N]GR Qg}g fkfefg} ,Hohex~g}& hi Ec}hiN}gr uh }hgifg icu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu?
=
7
5
>
Gi fkfefg} hi q}cb}gdg qc} q}fdh}g zh) uh dcu~}g}ç ig ufbxfhk~h qgk~giig?
8
Gi lgeh} eife hk hi mc~õk ,Fkfefg} hi q}cb}gdg& gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h qgk~giig?
:
=
Qçbfkg
q}fkefqgi nhi Ec}hiN}gr) eck uxu qg}~hu q}fkefqgihu
Dhkÿ nh cqefckhu
Mg}}g hu~çkng}
Mg}}g nh Q}cqfhngnhu
Zhk~gkg Gecqig$
]hbig Qçbfkg nh Nfmxoc Mg}}g nh Lh}}gdfhk~gu
Eck~}ci nh qçbfkgu
Mg}}g nh Ecic}hu
Mg}}g nh hu~gnc
5
Mg}}g lh}}gdfhk~gu hu~çkng} Hu~g mg}}g nh lh}}gdfhk~gu eck~fhkh mc~ckhu wxh uf}zhk nh geehuc nf}he~c g dxelcu ec $ dgkncu nhi dhkÿ q}fkefqgi
7
=
5
>
8
:
2
<
6
71
77
7=
75
7$ Kxhzc
E~}i + K
Uf}zh qg}g fkfefg} xk nfmxoc kxhzc
=$ Gm}f}
E~}i + C
Uf}zh qg}g gm}f} xk nfmxoc wxh vg h|fu~h
5$ Bxg}ng}
E~}i + U
Uf}zh qg}g bxg}ng} xk nfmxoc
>$ Fdq}fdf}
E~}i + Q
Uf}zh qg}g fdq}fdf} hi nfmxoc
8$ Ec}~g}
E~}i + \
Uf}zh qg}g ec}~g} xk cmoh~c
:$ Ecqfg}
E~}i + E
Uf}zh qg}g ecqfg} xk cmoh~c
2$ Qhbg}
E~}i + Z
Uf}zh qg}g qhbg} hi cmoh~c
<$ Nhulgeh}
E~}i + _
Uf}zh qg}g nhulgeh} xkg geefõk
6$ ]hlgeh}
E~}i + Dgvÿu + _
71$ Fdqc}~g}
E~}i + F
Fdqc}~g xk nfmxoc
77$ H|qc}~g}
E~}i + H
H|qc}~g hi nfmxoc
7>
Uf}zh qg}g }hu~gx}g} xkg geefõk
7=$ Fkfefgnc} nh gqifegefckhu
Fkfefg exgiwxfh} gqifegefõk nhi ec}hi
75$ Ec}hi hk iäkhg
Geehnh g ig qçbfkg rhm nhi ec}hi
7>$ Kfzhihu nh _ccd
Uf}zh qg}g geh}eg} c gihog} ig qgk~giig nh ~}gmgoc
>
DCU^]G] V CEXI^G] HIHDHK^CU NH ZHK^GKG IGU ]HBIGU Igu }hbigu uf}zhk qg}g nhkf} hi ~gdg÷c v gifkhg} icu cmoh~cu eck q}hefufõk+ Qg}g zfuxgifg} v cexi~g} igu }hbigu uh ufbxhk icu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu?
=
7
QGIH^G NH ECIC] Ig qgih~g nh ecic} uf}zh qg}g }hiihkg} nh xk ecic} icu cmoh~cu hihbfncu+ Qg}g zfuxgifg} v cexi~g} igu qgih~gu nh ecic}hu uh ufbxhk icu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu?
7 =
8
MG]]GU NH LH]]GDFHK^GU Eck hu~g cqefõk qcnhdcu ge~fzg} v nhuge~fzg} ~cngu igu zhk~gkgu wxh hu~çk nfuqckfmihu+ Qg}g zfuxgifg} v cexi~g} igu mg}}gu nh lh}}gdfhk~gu uh ufbxhk icu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu?
ZHK^GKGU GECQIGMIHU Igu zhk~gkgu gecqigmihu dxhu~}gk igu zhk~gkgu wxh hi ec}hi ~fhkh qg}g qcnh} ~}gmgog} nh xkg dgkh}g }çqfng+ Hu qcufmih dgk~hkh} gmfh}~g igu zhk~gkgu dfhk~}gu xkc hu~g ~}gmgogknc eck xk ncexdhk~c+
:
DHKß NFUH×C Exgknc uh nhuhg fkfefg} xk kxhzc nfuh÷c) uh nhmh ~hkh} hk exhk~g hi ~fqc nh qgqhi wxh uh zg xug}) ig c}fhk~gefõk nh ig qçbfkg v eciceg} xk ecic} nh jcknc+ Nh fbxgi fbxgi dgkh}g exgk$ nc uh nhuhg fkuh}~g} xkg qçbfkg) hifdfkg} xkg qçbfkg) egdmfg} hi kcdm}h nh ig qçbfkg c dczh}uh hk~}h qçbfkgu uh x~fifg hi Dhkÿ Nfuh÷c+
Q]HQG]G] QÇBFKG Qg}g q}hqg}g} xkg qgbfkg uh }hgifgk icu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu? $ F} gi dhkÿ nfuh÷c $ Eife hk ig cqefõk Q}hqg}g} qçbfkg
Uh }hh}h gi ~fqc nh qgqhi eck hi wxh uh zg g ~}gmgog}+ Ecdc uf jxh}g hi qgqhi mckn+ Hu~g cqefõk uh x~fifg exgknc uh zg g e}hg} h~fwxh~gu c u~fe`h}u+ Uf}zh qg}g c}fhk~g} ig qgbfkg qxhnh uh} zh}~fegi) lc}fck~gi c gqgfugnc+
Eife qg}g hihbf} hi ~fqc nh qgqhi+
2
DGKFQXIGEFÕK NH QÇBFKGU FKUH]^G] FKUH]^G] QÇBFKGU QÇB FKGU
HIFDFKG] QÇBFKGU
EGDMFG] KCDM]H NH QÇBFKG
EGDMFG] KCDM]H NH QÇBFKG
<
]HKCDM]G] QÇBFKGU Qg}g }hkcdm}g} igu qgbfkgu q}cehnhdcu dhnfgk~h icu ufbxfhk~h qgucu? $ Gqxk~g} ig qçbfkg wxh wxh zg g uh} }hkcdm}gng $ Eife nh}helc $ Eife hk ig cqefõk Egdmfg} kcdm}h nh qçbfkg+
JCKNC NH QGBFKG
6
ECKJFBX]GEFÕK NH QÇBFKG
7
=
5 > 8
:
2
< 6 71
7+$ Uh x~fifg qg}g hihbf} hi ~fqc nh qgqhi+ =+$ Fknfeg hi ~gdg÷c c igu nfdhkufckhu wxh wxh ~fhkh egng ~fqc nh qgqhi+ 5+$ Fknfeg wxh hi ~fqc nh qgqhi zg g uh} zh}~fegi+ >+$ Fknfeg wxh hi ~fqc nh qgqhi zg g uh} lc}fck~gi+ 8+$ Hu~gmiheh ~gdg÷c v c}fhk~gefõk q}hnh~h}dfkgngu+ :+$ Fknfeg hi zgic} nh nhuqiggdfhk~c+ 2+$ Qcufefõk nh nxqifegncu+ <+$ Hkegog} hk exgn}äexig+ 6+$ Hkegog} hk iäkhgu bxägu+ 71+$ Hkegog} hk cmoh~cu+
71
NHUE]FQEFÕK NH IG EGOG NH LH]]GDFHK^GU LH]]GDFHK^G UHIHEEFÕK
Ig lh}}gdfhk~g uhiheefõk qh}df~h uhiheefckg}) bf}g}) bf}g}) fkeifkg} v dcnfeg} hi ~gdg÷c nh icu i cu cmoh~cu
77
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFHK ^G ]HE^ÇKBXIC
,J:&
Qh}df~h nfmxog} }he~çkbxicu v exgn}gncu
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFH K^G G ]HE^ÇKBXIC NH 5 QXK^CU
Qh}df~h nfmxog} }he~çkbxicu }he~ çkbxicu uhubgnc
7=
Q]GE^FEG K¿$ 17 HOH]EFEFC K¿$17 QG]G NFMXOG] XK ]HE^ÇKBXIC 7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g }he~çkbxic =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh wxh gqg}heg hi }he~çkbxic 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} hi }he~çkbxic
QG]G NFMXOG] XK ]HE^ÇKBXIC ECDHK_GKNC NHUNH UX EHK^]C 7+$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g }he~çkbxic) nfmxoh xk }he~çkbxic+ =+$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhg wxh gqg}heg hi ehk~}c nhi }he~çkbxic+ 5+$ Dgk~hkbg q}hufckgng ig ~heig dgvÿuexig v g}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} hi }he~çk $ bxic+
75
QG]G NFMXOG] XK EXGN]GNC 7+$ Dgk~hkbg q}hufckgng ig ~heig E~}i v g}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi+
E]HG] ]HE^ÇKBXICU XUGKNC IG LH]]GDFHK^G ]HE^ÇKBXIC ]HE^ÇKBXI C NH ^]HU QXK^CU 7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g }he~çkbxic nh ~}hu qxk~cu =$ Q}hufckh ig ~heig E~}i dfhk~}gu g}}gu~}g hi qxk~h}c qg}g nfmxog} hi gkelc nhi }he~çkbx$ ic 5$ Uxhi~h ig ~heig E~}i v Q}hufckh Eife gi kgi nhi gkelc nhi }he~çkbxic
7>
KC^G? Exgknc e}hg xk cmoh~c eck ig lh}}gdfhk~g }he~çkbxic uh ge~fzg gx~cdç~fegdhk~h ig mg}}g nh q}cqfhngnhu+
7
=
5
>
8
:
2
<
7+$ Fknfeg ig qcufefõk nhi cmoh~c hk ig lcog nh ~}gmgoc =+$ Fknfeg hi ~gdg÷c lc}fck~gi v zh}~fegi nhi cmoh~c 5+$ Fknfeg hi qc}ehk~goh nhi cmoh~c >+$ Fknfeg hi çkbxic nh }c~gefõk nhi cmoh~c 8+$ ]hhog hi cmoh~c :+$ Qh}df~h wxh hi zæ}~feh nhi cmoh~c uh eckzfh}~g g ef}exig} 2+$ Qh}df~h wxh hi zæ}~feh nhi cmoh~c uh eckzfh}~g g ef}exig} <+$ Qh}df~h egdmfg} hi gkelc nh ig iäkhg+
78
]hgifg} icu ufbxfhk~hu hoh}efefcu x~fifgknc ig mg}}g nh q}cqfhngnhu+
g? ]hgifg} exgn}gncu eck igu ufbxfhk~hu dhnfngu? $ 81 dd \ 81 dd $ >1 dd \ >1 dd $ 51 dd \ 51 dd m? ]hgifg} }he~çkbxicu eck igu ufbxfhk~hu dhnfngu? $ 711dd \ 81 dd $ =11dd \ 711 dd $ 781dd \ 28 dd e? Egdmfg} hi çkbxic nh qcufefõk nh icu exgn}gncu dhnfgk~h igu ufbxfhk~hu dhnfngu?
$ 51 $ :1 $ 61 n? Egdmfg} hi çkbxic nh qcufefõk nh icu }he~çkbxicu }he~ çkbxicu dhnfgk~h igu ufbxfhk~hu dhnfngu?
$ ,$61& $ ,$7<1& $ 78 h? ]hhog} icu exgn}gncu v }he~çkbxicu v cmuh}zh wxh uxehnh+ j? Eckzfh}~g icu zæ}~fehu nh icu exgn}gncu ecdc uh cmuh}zg hk hi b}çec+
b? Egdmfh nh b}cuc} nh iäkhgu g egng }he~çkbxic , Zgic} Zgic} nh iäkhg =dd&
7:
DHKß NFUH×C 7 = 5 > 8 :
2 < 6 71 77 7=
75
7+$ Kxhzc? Uf}zh qg}g e}hg} xk kxhzc g}elfzc+
6+$ Uf}zh qg}g uegkkh} xkg fdgbhk+
=+$ Uh xug exgknc uh zg x~fifg} qigk~fiigu nhi ec}hi
71+$ Fdqc}~g xkg fdgbhk wxh uh hkexhk~}g hk kxhu~}c nfuec nx}c+
5+$ Uh xug exgknc nhuhgdcu gm}f} xk g}elfzc wxh hu~g bxg}ngnc hk xkg eg}qh~g nh~h}dfkgng+ >+$ Uh x~fifg exgknc nhuhgdcu eh}}g} xk g}elfzc+
77+$ H|qc}~g ig fdgbhk g xkg uh}fh nh jc}dg~cu eckcefncu ecdc qc} hohdqic? oqb) bfj) h~e+
8+$ Uh x~fifg exgknc nhuhgdcu eh}}g} ~cncu icu g}elfzcu+
qkb+
:+$ Uh x~fifg exgknc uh zg g b}gmg} hk ig eg}qh~g Dfu Ncexdhk~cu+
75+$ Dh qh}df~h }hgifg} igu ufbxfhk~hu geefckhu+
7=+ H|qc}~g ig fdgbhk g xk jc}dg~c nh
2+$ Uh x~fifg exgknc uh zg b}gmg} hi g}elfzc hk xkg eg}qh~g wxh kcuc~}cu hihbfdcu+ <+$ Uh xug exgknc uh zg x~fifg} Uegkkh}
72
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFH K^G G HIFQUH
,J2&
Ig lh}}gdfhk~g hifquh uf}zh qg}g nfmxog} hifquh v eä}exicu
LH]]GDFHK^G HIFQUH NH ^]HU QXK^CU
Hu~g lh}}gdfhk~g qh}df~h nfmxog} hifquh v eä}exicu eck q}hefufõk
7<
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 1= HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 17 QG]G NFMXOG] XKG HIFQUH 7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g hifquh =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh nfmxog} ig hifquh 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} ig hifquh
QG]G NFMXOG] XK EF]EXIC 7+$ Dgk~hkbg q}hufckgnc ig ~heig E~}i v g}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi+
QG]G NFMXOG] XK EF]EXIC NHUNH UX EHK^]C 7+$ Dgk~hkbg Dgk~hkbg q}hufckgnc ig ~heig Ulfj~ v g}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi+ nfgbckgi+
76
E]HG] HIFQUHU XUGKNC IG LH]]GDFHK^G HIFQUH NH ^]HU QXK^CU 7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g hifquh nh ~}hu qxk~cu =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} ncknh nhuhh wxh hdqfheh hi eä}exic ,Lgbg eife& 5$ G}}gu~}h hi qxk~h}c) qg}g nhkf} hi gkelc nhi ef}exic) uci~g} hi qxk~h}c >$ G}}gu~}g} hi qxk~h}c qxk~h}c lgefg gmgoc qg}g nhkf} hi gkelc gkelc nh ig hifquh 8$ Lgbg eife qg}g kgifg}
KC^G? Exgknc e}hg xk cmoh~c eck ig lh}}gdfhk~g hifquh uh ge~fzg gx~cdç~fegdhk~h ig mg}}g nh q}cqfhngnhu
7
=
5
>
8 : 2 <
6
71
77
7+$ Fknfeg ig qcufefõk nhi cmoh~c hk ig lcog nh ~}gmgoc =+$ Fknfeg hi ~gdg÷c lc}fck~gi v zh}~fegi nhi cmoh~c 5+$ Fknfeg hi qc}ehk~goh nhi cmoh~c >+$ Fknfeg hi çkbxic nh }c~gefõk nhi cmoh~c 8+$ ]hhog hi cmoh~c :+$ Qh}df~h wxh hi eä}exic hu~h eh}}gnc hk uxu 5:1 B}gncu 2+$ Qh}df~h wxh wxh hi eä}exic hu~h gmfh}~c qc} xk uhe~c} <+$ Qh}df~h e}hg} xk g}ec+
6+$ Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g gxdhk~g} c nfudfkxf} hi uhe~c} ef}exig} 71 +$ G}ecu c uhe~c}hu lgefg ig nh}helg
=1
]hgifg} icu ufbxfhk~hu hoh}efefcu x~fifgknc ig mg}}g nh q}cqfhngnhu 7$ ]hgifg} ~}hu eä}exicu eck eck igu ufbxfhk~hu ufbxfhk~hu dhnfngu? dhnfngu? $ 81 dd qc} 81 dd $ :1 dd qc} :1 dd $ 21 dd qc} 21 dd Xkg zh e}hgnc icu ~}hu eä}exicu) }hgifeh ic ufbxfhk~h? ,Dgk~hkbg hi egkngnf~c gmfh}~c& =+$
Hk hi q}fdh} eä}exic $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh lc}fck~gi Hue}fmg hi <1( $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh zh}~fegi Hue}fmg hi 711( Hk hi uhbxknc eä}exic $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh lc}fck~gi Hue}fmg hi 7=1( $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh zh}~fegi Hue}fmg hi 81( Hk hi ~h}eh} eä}exic $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh zh}~fegi zh}~fegi Hue}fmg hi =81( $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh lc}fck~gi Hue}fmg hi 751( Xkg zh e}hgnc icu ~}hu eä}exicu) }hgifeh ic ufbxfhk~h? ,Dgk~hkbg hi egkngnf~c eh}}gnc& 5+$
Hk hi q}fdh} eä}exic $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh lc}fck~gi Hue}fmg hi 751( Hk hi uhbxknc eä}exic $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh zh}~fegi Hue}fmg hi 81( Hk hi ~h}eh} eä}exic $ Hk hi qc}ehk~goh lc}fck~gi Hue}fmg hi 751( >+$
E}hg} icu ufbxfhk~hu uhe~c}hu ef}exig}hu
=7
8+$ E}hg}
icu ufbxfhk~hu g}ecu
:+$ X~fifgknc
hi mc~õk g}ecu c uhe~c}hu g ig nh}helg ,fwxfh}ng&) egdmfh nh qcufefõk nhi hoh}efefc K¿$ > v 8
==
=5
Uhufõk
= ECK^HKFNC Lh}}gdfhk~g qciäbckc) huqf}gi) qgqhi b}çec $ Jxkefckhu nh ig lh}}gdfhk~g uhiheefõk $ Lh}}gdfhk~g ccd $ Lh}}gdfhk~g dgkc $ Eckbx}gefõk nh iäkhgu bxägu $ Eckbx}gefõk nh }hbigu $ Eckbx}gknc igu iäkhgu bxägu $ Cqh}gefckhu ecm cmoh~cu $ Ucingknc cmoh~cu $ ]hec}~h nh cmoh~cu $ fk~h}uheefõk nh cmoh~cu $ Gb}xqg} cmoh~cu $ Nhugb}xqg} cmoh~cu $
$ C}nhkg} $ Gifkhg} v nfu~}fmxf} cmoh~cu
=>
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFHK ^G QCIÄBCKC
LH]]GDFHK^G HU^]HIIG
LH]]GDFHK^G QGQHI QGQHI B]ÇJFEC B]Ç JFEC ,N&
,V&
LH]]GDFHK^G HU^]HIIG ECDQIHOG
LH]]GDFHK^G HUQF]GI ,G&
=8
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 15 HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 17 QG]G NFMXOG] XK QCIFBCKC
KC^G? Dgk~hkbg
7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g Qciäbckc =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh nfmxog} hi qciäbckc 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} hi qciäbckc
q}hufckgnc ig ~heig E~}i dfhk~}gu nfmxog hi qciäbckc) qg}g wxh icu igncu uhgk fbxgihu
Uf}zh qg}g egdmfg} hi kÿdh}c nh igncu nhi qciäbckc
HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 1= QG]G NFMXOG] XKG HUQF]GI 7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g Huqf}gi =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh nfmxog} ig huqf}gi 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} hi huqf}gi
Uf}zh qg}g fknfeg} hi kÿdh}c nh }hzcixefckhu nh ig huqf}gi
Uf}zh qg}g fknfeg} hi gkelc hk~}h egng }hzcixefõk nh ig huqf}gi
=:
HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 15 QG]G NFMXOG] XK QGQHI B]ÇJFEC
KC^G? Dgk~hkbg
7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g qgqhi b}çec =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh nfmxog} hi qgqhi b}çec 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} hi qgqhi b}çec
q}hufckgnc ig ~heig E~}i dfhk~}gu nfmxog hi Qgqhi b}çec) qg}g wxh icu igncu uhgk fbxgihu
Uf}zh qg}g egdmfg} hi kxdh}c nh ecixdkgu v igu
HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 1> QG]G NFMXOG] XKG HU^]HIIG
KC^G? Dgk~hkbg
7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g hu~}hiig =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh nfmxog} ig hu~}hiig 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} ig hu~}hiig
Uf}zh
qg}g egdmfg} hi kÿdh}c nh igncu nh xkg hu~}hiig
q}hufckgnc ig ~heig E~}i dfhk~}gu nfmxog ig hu~}hiig) qg}g wxh icu igncu uhgk fbxgihu
Uf}zh qg}g hi qh}ignc nh ig hu~}hiig
=2
HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 18 QG]G NFMXOG] XKG HU^]HIIG ECDQIHOG
KC^G? Dgk~hkbg
7$ Lgbg eife hk ig lh}}gdfhk~g hu~}hiig ecdqihog =$ Uf~ÿh hi ex}uc} hk hi qxk~c ncknh nhuhh nfmxog} ig hu~}hiig 5$ G}}gu~}h hk nfgbckgi nfgbckgi qg}g nfmxog} ig hu~}hiig hu~}hiig ecdqihog
Uf}zh qg}g qckh} hi kÿdh}c nh igncu c qxk~cu hk ig hu~}hiig
q}hufckgnc ig ~heig E~}i dfhk~}gu nf $ mxog ig hu~}hiig ecdqih$ og) qg}g wxh icu igncu uhgk fbxgihu
Qh}ignc nh ig hu~}hiig
=<
JXKEFCKHU NH IG LH]]GDFHK^G UHIHEEFÕK Exgknc uhiheefckgdcu hi cmoh~c eck hi qxk~h}c gqg}heh xkcu exgn}gnf~cu gi}hnh $ nc} nhi cmoh~c) hu~cu uh iigdgk ~f}gnc}hu 7$ Qg}g nhuqigg} xk cmoh~c lgbg eife v nhuqigeh g ig fwxfh}ng) nh}helg) gmgoc v g}}fmg
=$ Qg}g hu~f}g} xk cmoh~c uh }hgifg nh ig ufbxfhk~h dgkh}g Icu ~f}gnc}hu uxqh}fc} h fkjh}fc} uf}zh qg}g hu~f}g} hi cmoh~c zh}~fegi$ dhk~h
Icu ~f}gnc}hu fwxfh}nc v nh}helc hu~f}gk hi cmoh~c c ig uhiheefõk lc}f $ ck~gidhk~h
KC^G? KC^G? Uf nhuhg hu~f}g} hi cmoh~c nhunh ux ehk~}c q}hufckg ig ~heig Dgvÿu 5$ Qg}g uhiheefckg} zg}fcu cmoh~cu uh ng xk eife ucu~hkfnc v uh g}}gu~}g e}hgk $ nc xkg egog hiçu~feg
Ng} xk eife ucu $ ~hkfnc v g}}gu$ ~}g} lgu~g uhihe $ efckg} ~cncu icu cmoh~cu
Egog hiçu~feg
=6
>$ Qg}g bf}g} xk cmoh~c uh ufbxhk icu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu? $ E}hg} xk cmoh~c) ixhbc ih ngdcu c~}c eife) gqg}heh}ç xkg bx}g ecdc uh cm $ uh}zg hk hi b}çec
Qg}g qcnh} bf}g} Hi eä}exic nhi ehk~}c dh fknfeg hi qxk~c ncknh zg bf}g} hi cmoh~c hi cmoh~c lgbg eife hk hi ~f}gnc} nh }c~gef õk v g}}çu~}hic
Ehk~}c nh }c~gefõk jxh}g nhi cmoh~c
8$ Qg}g fkeifkg} c uhubg} xk cmoh~c uh ufbxhk icu ufbxfhk~hu ufbxfhk~hu qgucu? $ E}hg} xk cmoh~c) ixhbc ih ngdcu c~}c eife) gqg}heh}ç xkg bx}g ecdc uh cm $ uh}zg hk hi b}çec
G}}gu~}g} lgefg ig fwxfh}ng
G}}gu~}g} lgefg g}}fmg
51
LH]]GDFHK^G _CCD
_
LH]]GDFHK^G DGKC
L
57
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 1> HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 17 Nfmxog} icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
$ X~fifeh ig lh}}gdfhk~g ccd v lgbg eife ucm}h exgiwxfh} cmoh~c $ Q}hufckh J5 qg}g }hnxef} icu cmoh~cu $ Q}hufckh J> qg}g gxdhk~g} nh ~gdg÷c icu cmoh~cu $ Q}hufckh J5 $ Uhiheefckh xk cmoh~c eck ig lh}}gdfhk~g ccd xk cmoh~c v uxhi~h
7
=
5
>
8
:
2
<
7$ Qc}ehk~goh nhi nfmxoc =$ Uf}zh qg}g gxdhk~g} nh ~gdg÷c hi b}çec b}çec 5$ Uf}zh qg}g }hnxef} nh gdg÷c hi b}çec >$ Uh x~fifg exgknc uh ~fhkh zg}fcu cmoh~cu v uõic uh hifbh xkc nh hiicu qg}g gxdhk $ ~g} nh ~gdg÷c 8$ Eck hu~h mc~õk uh gxdhk~g nh ~gdg÷c q}cqc}efckgi ~cncu icu cmoh~cu g i g zh :$ Exgknc ~hkhdcu icu cmoh~cu nh xk ~gdg÷c fkdhkuc) eck hu~h mc~õk }hnxefdcu g ux hu~gnc kc}dgi ,711(& 2$ Ig fdgbhk fdgbhk uh gb}gkng gb}gkng hk jc}dg lc}fck~gi lc}fck~gi <$ Ig fdgbhk uh gb}gkng hk jc}dg zh}~fegi $ X~fifeh ig lh}}gdfhk~g Dgkc v dxhzg nh fwxfh}ng g nh}helg v nh gmgoc lg $ efg g}}fmg
5=
ECKJFBX]GEFCK ECKJFBX]GEFCK NH ]HBIGU V IÄKHGU BXÄGU
Eckbx}gknc Iäkhgu Bxägu Igu iäkhgu bxäg uck cmoh~cu gx|fifg}hu wxh ~h qh}df~hk nfzfnf} igu lcogu) kc uck fd $ q}fdfmihu Ecdc e}hg} iäkhgu bxägu $ Qg}g uhiheefckg} xkg iäkhg bxäg uh ng xk eife ucm}h ig }hbig v uh g}}gu~}g $ Ig iäkhg bxäg ge~fzgng uh dxhu~}g nh ecic} }coc $ Qg}g fkeifkg} xkg iäkhg bxäg uh uhiheefckg v ixhbc uh ng c~}c eife ucm}h hu~g
55
Q]ÇE^FEG BHKH]GI
5>
CQH]GEFCKHU ECK CMOH^CU UCING] CMOH^CU Hi ecdgknc ucing} qh}df~f}ç xkf} ncu c dçu cmoh~cu qg}g e}hg} xkc ucic Qgucu qg}g ucing} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh icu ncu cmoh~cu =$
58
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 18 HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 17 Nfmxog} icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
5:
]HEC]^G] CMOH^CU Hi ecdgknc }hec}~g} }hec}~g} ih qh}df~f}ç egdmfg} ig jc}dg nh xk cmoh~c hifdfkgknc hifdfkgknc ig ckg wxh uh uxqh}qckh g c~}cu cmoh~cu Qgucu qg}g }hec}~g} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh icu ncu cmoh~cu =$
52
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 1: HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 17 Nfmxog} icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
5<
FK^H]UHEEFÕK NH CMOH^CU Ig fk~h}uheefõk qh}df~h e}hg} xk cmoh~c kxhzc g qg}~f} nhi ç}hg ncknh uh uxqh}qckhk ncu c dçu cmoh~cu Qgucu qg}g fk~h}uhe~g} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh icu ncu cmoh~cu =$
56
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 12 HOH]EFEFC K¿$ 17 Nfmxog} icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
>1
GB]XQG] GB]XQG] CMOH^CU Hi ecdgknc gb}xqg} qh}df~h eckzh}~f} zg}fcu cmoh~cu hk xkc uõic) qxnfhknc nhuqig $ g}icu jçefidhk~h Qgucu qg}g gb}xqg} cmoh~cu
E~}i + B
7$ Uhiheefckh icu cmoh~cu =$
Gb}xqg icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
>7
NHUGB]XQG] CMOH^CU Hu~h ecdgknc qh}df~h nhugb}xqg} ~cncu icu cmoh~cu wxh hu~çk gb}xqgncu Qgucu qg}g nhugb}xqg} cmoh~cu
E~}i + X
7$ Uhiheefckh icu cmoh~cu =$
Nhugb}xqg icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
>=
C]NHKG] CMOH^CU Qh}df~h c}nhkg} ig qcufefõk nh icu cmoh~cu uhiheefckgncu hkzfçkncicu lgefg g~}çu) lgefg gnhigk~h) }h~}cehnfhknc xkg qcufefõk c gzgkgknc xkg qcufefõk Qgucu qg}g c}nhkg} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c g c}nhkg} =$
C}nhkg} icu ufbxfhk~hu cmoh~cu?
>5
GIFKHG] CMOH^CU ]HUQHE^C NH IG QÇBFKG Qh}df~h nfu~}fmxf} hi cmoh~c c icu cmoh~cu uhiheefckgncu ucm}h ig qçbfkg nh nfuh÷c Qgucu qg}g gifkhg} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
Gifkhg} hi cmoh~c nh gexh}nc g ig qçbfkg
>>
GIFKHG] CMOH^CU NHK^]C NH C^]C CMOH^C Qh}df~h nfu~}fmxf} hi cmoh~c c icu cmoh~cu uhiheefckgncu nhk~}c nh c~}c cmoh~c Qgucu qg}g gifkhg} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
5$ Gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h zhk~gkg
Gifkhg} hi eä}exic nhk~}c nhi }he~çkbxic?
>8
>:
Uhufõk
5 ECK^HKFNC ^}gkujc}dg} cmoh~cu $ ]c~g} cmoh~cu $ Huegig} cmoh~cu $ Qcufefõk nh cmoh~cu $ ^gdg÷c nh cmoh~cu $ Fkeifkgefõk nh cmoh~cu $ Eck~c}kc nh cmoh~cu $ Lh}}gdfhk~g nh ~h|~c $ ^h|~c g}~äu~fec $ ^h|~c qç}}gjc $ Goxu~g} ~h|~c g ~}gvhe~c $ Lh}}gdfhk~g }hiihkc $ ]hiihkc nhb}gngnc $ ]hiihkc qg~}õk $ ]hiihkc ~h|~x}g $ ]hiihkc qcu~e}fq~ $
Qgb? >>
>2
^]GKUJC]DG] CMOH^CU Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g ~}gkujc}dg} icu cmoh~cu) hu nhef} qcnhdcu }c~g}icu) huegig} $ icu ,Gb}gkng}icu c gelfeg}icu&) }hhog}icu lc}fck~gi c zh}~fegidhk~h) bhkh}g} c~}cu cmoh~cu hk xkg qcufefõk h|ge~g g qg}~f} nh c~}c cmoh~c c fkeifkg}icu lc}fck~gidhk~h c zh}~fegidhk~h
]C^G] CMOH^CU Gi~ + J<
Qgucu qg}g }c~g} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
5$ Gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h zhk~gkg >
8
Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g egdmfg} hi çkbxic nh }c~gefõk nhi cmoh~c Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g egdmfg} hi çkbxic nh }c~gefõk nhi cmoh~c
:
Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g xmfeg} hi qxk~c nh gkeigoh
2
Hu~g cqefõk qh}df~h nxqifeg} hi cmoh~c nh gexh}nc gi çkbxic nh }c~gefõk ><
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 12
>6
HUEGIG] CMOH^CU Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g }hhog} icu cmoh~cu hk jc}dg zh}~fegi x lc}fck~gi) ~gdmfæk uf}zh qg}g gb}gkng} c gelfeg} hi }hhoc nh icu cmoh~cu
Gi~ + J6
Qgucu qg}g huegig} cmoh~cu 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
5$ Gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h zhk~gkg
>
8
Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g }hhog} hi cmoh~c hk jc}dg lc}fck~gi Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g }hhog} hi cmoh~c hk jc}dg zh}~fegi
:
Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g xmfeg} hi qxk~c nh gkeigoh
2
Hu~g cqefõk qh}df~h nxqifeg} hi cmoh~c nh gexh}nc gi çkbxic nh }c~gefõk
81
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 1<
87
QCUFEFÕK NH CMOH^CU Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g qcufefckhu xk xk cmoh~c g qg}~f} nh xk cmoh~c c}fbfkgi c}fbfkgi v nxqifeg} nxqifeg} $ ic ) uh qxhnh icb}g} wxh hi kxhzc cmoh~c hu~h g xkg nfu~gkefg nhi cmoh~c c}fbfkgi Qgucu qg}g qcufefckhu icu cmoh~cu
Gi~ + J2
7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
5$ Gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h zhk~gkg
8=
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 16
85
^GDG×C NH CMOH^CU Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g ng} xk ~gdg÷c h|ge~c g icu cmoh~cu Qgucu qg}g qg}g ng} ~gdg÷c g icu cmoh~cu cmoh~cu
Gi~ + J71
7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
5$ Gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h zhk~gkg
8>
FKEIFKGEFÕK FKEIFKGEF ÕK NH CMOH^CU Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g fkeifkg} icu cmoh~cu Qgucu qg}g fkeifkg} xk cmoh~c 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c =$
5$ Gqg}heh ig ufbxfhk~h zhk~gkg
88
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 71
Q]CQFHNGNHU NH ^]GKUJC]DGEFCK NH CMOH^CU
7
=
5
> 8 : 2
< 6
71
7$ Ecdmfkg} ,E~}i +I&
<$ Nh~}çu dhkcu nhigk~h
=$ Gb}xqg} ,E~}i +B&
6$ E}hg xk cmoh~c kxhzc wxh }cnhg g icu cmoh~cu uhiheefckgncu
5$ Ucing} >$ ]hec}~g}
71$ Gifkhg} v nfu~}fmxf} nfu~}fmxf}
8$ Fk~h}uheefõk :$ Ufdqifeg} 2$ Nhigk~h dhkcu nh~}çu 8:
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 77
82
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFH K^G G ECK^C]KC NH CMOH^CU
Hu~g lh}}gdfhk~g qh}df~h wxh hi mc}nh mc}nh ~hkbg kfzhihu nh b}cuc} v nh ecic}
8<
Exgn}c nh nfçicbc nh Qixdg eck~c}kc Exgn}c nh nfçicbc nh ecic} Ufk eck~c}kc Eck~c}kc dxv kc
Eck~c}kc nh 7#= q~cu Eck~c}kc nh 7 q~cu Eck~c}kc nh = q~cu Eck~c}kc nh < q~cu Eck~c}kc nh 7: q~cu Eck~c}kc nh => q~cu Hi exgn}c nh nfçicbc nh qixdg c eck~c}kc qh}df~h qh}uckgifg} egng cqefõk nh gexh}nc g icu }hwxh}fdfhk~cu Qcnhdcu huqhefeg} hi ecic} nh iäkhg) b}cuc} hk qxk $ ~cu) hu~fic nh iäkhg) wxh ~gi zh uh qxhnh hnf~g}) dcnhicu nh huwxfkg) kgihu nh iäkhg) ~h}dfkgihu nh iäkhgu v helgu
86
Q]ÇE^FEG K¿$ 7=
:1
LH]]GDFHK^G ^H\^C J<
Hu~g lh}}gdfhk~g qh}df~h e}hg} ~h|~c g}~äu~fec v ~h|~c nh qç}}gjc
:7
Q]CQFHNGNHU ^H\^C
7
=
5> 8
: 2 < 6
7$ Jxhk~hu , E~}i + Dgvÿu +J& =$ ^gdg÷c ^gdg÷c nh ih~}gu ,E~}i + Dgvÿu + Q& 5$ Khb}f~g >$ Ex}ufzg 8$ Uxm}gvgnc :$ Gifkhgefõk lc}fck~gi
2$ Zf÷h~gu ,E~}i + D& <$ Ih~}g Egqf~gi 6$ Jc}dg~c nh eg}ge~h}hu ,E~}i + ^&
:=
^H\^C G]^ÄU^FEC Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g e}hg} ~h|~cu g}~äu~fecu Qgucu qg}g e}hg} ~h|~c g}~äu~fec g}~äu~fec 7$ Uhiheefckh Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c lh}}gdfhk~g ~h|~c =$ Q}hufckh eife hk hi huqgefc nh ~}gmgoc
Jck~ ?Mcc` gk~fwxg ^gdg÷c ? :1 ]hiihkc? zh}nh Jfic? }coc Jck~ ?G}fgi Mige` ^gdg÷c ? 51 ]hiihkc? Gdg}fiic Jfic? Gxi Jck~ ?Dckc~vqh ecufzg ^gdg÷c ? :1 ]hiihkc? ]coc Jfic? Ehihu~h Jck~ ?Ecdfe Ugku DU ^gdg÷c? 58 Uxm}gvgnc ]hiihkc? ]coc Jfic? zh}nh Jck~ ? Fdqge~ ^gdg÷c? :1 ]hiihkc? Gkg}gkognc Jfic? Dc}gnc
:5
^H\^C QÇ]]GJC Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g e}hg} qç}}gjcu Qgucu qg}g e}hg} ~h|~c qç}}gjc 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c lh}}gdfhk~g ~h|~c ~h|~c =$ Q}hufckh eife hk hi huqgefc nh }gmgoc 5$ E}hg} xk }he~çkbxic
:>
GOXU^G] ^H\^C NH QÇ]]GJC Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g nhuqigg} hi ~h|~c nh gexh}nc xk cmoh~c Qgucu qg}g goxu~g} ~h|~c g qç}}gjc 7$ Uhiheefckh hi cmoh~c lh}}gdfhk~g ~h|~c ~h|~c =$ Q}hufckh eife hk hi huqgefc nh ~}gmgoc 5$ E}hg} hi ~h|~c nh qç}}gjc
>$ E}hg} xk cmoh~c exgiwxfh}g
8$ E~}i + Hk~h}
:8
^gdmfæk qxhnhu lgeh} wxh xk ~h|~c uh goxu~h g xkg jc}dg q}hnhkfng Qg}g hiic) lg eife hk ig Lh}}gdfhk~g ^h|~c Uf~ÿg hi ex}uc} nhk~}c nhi eck~c}kc nh ig jc}dg lgu~g wxh uh eckzfh}~g hk xk ex}uc} nh ~h|~c Giiä qxhnhu hue}fmf} hi ~h|~c nhk~}c nh ig jc}dg v gufbkg}ih hi jc}dg~c nhuhgnc
^H\^C HK ECIXDKGU 7$ Hue}fmf} hi ~h|~c hk xkg ucig ecixdkg
= 5
::
GNGQ^ GNGQ^G] G] ^H\^C G ^]GVHE^C ^]GVHE^C Hu~g cqefõk uf}zh qg}g nhuqigg} hi ~h|~c nh gexh}nc gi ~}gvhe~cu wxh ~fhkh hi cmoh~c Qgucu qg}g goxu~g} ~h|~c g ~}gvhe~c ~} gvhe~c 7
8
=
5
>
:
2
<
:2
UHQG]GEFÕK UHQG]GEFÕK NH ^H\^CU Qg}g uhqg}g} ~h|~cu uh q}cehnh nh ig ufbxfhk~h dgkh}g?
:<
:6
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFH K^G G ]HIIHKC
Hu~g lh}}gdfhk~g qh}df~h eciceg} xk ecic} nh~h}dfkgnc hk hi fk~h}fc} nh xk cmoh~c
21
7 = 5
2
: 8 >
7
]hiihkc Xkfjc}dh Dcnhicu$ Uf uh x~fifg hu~g cqefõk uh gm}h ig ufbxfhk~h
Hk hu~g elg qxhnhu hihbf} hi ecic} uhiheefckçkncic nhunh hi exgn}c b}gknh wxh cmuh}zgu g ig fwxfh}ng ,5& Ufdqihdhk~h uhiheefckg hi ~ckc wxh nhuhgu hk ig mg $ }}g nh ecic}hu wxh gqg}heh g ig nh}helg nh hu~h exgn}c ,>& v ixhbc lg eife hk hi exgn}c b}gknh ,5& v uhiheefckg hi ecic} wxh q}hefugu Gi dczh} hi dcxuh jäog~h g ig nh}helg hk hi exgn}c ecdqckhk~hu ,8 v :&) v zh}çu wxh zgk zg}fgknc icu zgic $ }hu Hucu zgic}hu qxhnhu zh}icu hk hi dcnhic EDV@ ,8& c ]BM ,:&
27
]hiihkc Xkfjc}dh Jfelg Dheignc}hu Hk ig elg Dheignc}hu) hkeck~}g}çu xkg mxhkg jc}dg nh cm~hkh} g}dckägu nh ecic}hu v nh }hgifg} dheigu nh ecic}hu Igu g}dckägu ~h qh}df~f}çk cm~hkh} zg}fcu ecic}hu wxh ecdmfkhk g}dckfcugdhk~h v ig dheig nh ecic}hu ~h qh}df~f}ç cm~hkh} xk ecic} g qg}~f} nh ig dheig nh exg~}c ecic}hu g ~x hiheefõk
Gwxä qcn}çu eckuhbxf} g}dckägu nh ecic} nhunh xk ecic} lgu~g 8 ecic}hu Qg}g hiic uhiheefckg hk hi exgn}c nh ifu~g Dg~fehu ,7&) hi ~fqc nh g}dckäg wxh nhuhgu? Q}fkefqgi) Ecdqihdhk~c) ^}fçkbxic 7) ^}fçkbxic =) ]he~çkbxic c Qhk~çbckc Icu dg~fehu qh}df~hk ecdmfkg} lgu~g 8 ecic}hu ]hexh}ng wxh dg~f hu ufkõkfdc nh ecic}
2=
]hiihkc Xkfjc}dh Qgih~gu C~}g jc}dg nh gqifeg} ecic} nh }hiihkc xkfjc}dh) hu lgefhknc eife hk ig elg Qgih $ ~gu Lgv nfuqckfmih xkg zg}fhngn nh qgih~gu nh ecic}hu q}hhu~gmihefngu
25
]hiihkc Nhb}gngnc Xk }hiihkc nhb}gngnc hu xkg q}cb}hufõk uxgzh nh ncu c dçu ecic}hu wxh g÷gnh q}cjxknfngn g xk cmoh~c H|fu~hk exg~}c ~fqcu ~f qcu nh }hiihkcu nhb}gngncu? ifkhgi) }g $ nfgi) eõkfec v exgn}gnc Icu }hiihkcu nhb}gngncu ifkhgihu g~}gzfhugk hi cmoh~c hk iäkhg }he~g) icu }hiihkcu nhb}gngncu eõkfecu e}hgk ig fixufõk nh xk eckc fixdfkgnc) dfhk~}gu wxh icu }gnfgihu v exgn}gncu jc}dgk eä}exicu v exgn}gncu eckeæk~}fec nhunh hi ehk~}c nhi cmoh~c
2>
]hiihkcu nh Qg~}õk Icu }hiihkcu nh qg~}õk uck }hiihkcu wxh }hqf~hk xkg fdgbhk zg}fgu zhehu nhk~}c nh xk cmoh~c) hk jc}dg nh dcugfec
28
]hiihkc nh ^h|~x}g Xk }hiihkc nh qg~}õk nh dgqg nh mf~u hu xkg fdgbhk nh dgqg nh mf~u exvg ecd $ qihofngn nhqhknh nhi ~gdg÷c) ig }hucixefõk v ig q}cjxknfngn nh mf~u
2:
]hiihkc nh ^h|~x}g Qcu~Ue}q~ Qxhnhu gqifeg} xk }hiihkc nh ~h|~x}g Qcu~Ue}fq~ g icu cmoh~cu Icu }hiihkcu nh ~h|~x $ }g Qcu~Ue}fq~ uh e}hgk x~fifgknc hi ihkbxgoh Qcu~Ue}fq~ Ngnc wxh gibxkgu ~h|~x}gu uck dxv ecdqihogu) icu cmoh~cu nh b}gk ~gdg÷c wxh eck~fhkhk }hiihkcu nh ~h|~x}g Qcu~Ue}fq~ qxhnhk ~g}ng} hk fdq}fdf}uh c ge~xgifg}uh hk ig qgk~giig Hk jxkefõk nhi dcnc nh zfuxgifgefõk wxh hu~æu x~fifgknc) hu qcufmih wxh gqg}hegk igu ih~}gu ’QU— hk ixbg} nhi }hiihkc
22
ECDMFKGEFÕK V NHUECDMFKGEFÕK NH CMOH^CU Ig ecdmfkgefõk nh ncu c dçu cmoh~cu e}hg xkc ucic cmoh~c eck icu dfudcu g~}fmx~cu nh }hiihkc v eck~c}kc Qxhnh ecdmfkg} }he~çkbxicu) hifquh) qciäbckcu) hu~}hiigu) huqf $ }gihu) ~h|~c Ec}hi eckzfh}~h hu~cu cmoh~cu hk xk ÿkfec cmoh~c nh ex}zgu Qgucu qg}g ecdmfkg} v nhuecdmfkg} Uhiheefckg} cmoh~cu
Dhkÿ? C}bgkfg} # Ecdmfkg}
E~}i + I
Cmoh~c fkfefgi
Cmoh~c kgi
Cmoh~c kgi
E~}i + I
2<
LH]]GDFHK^ LH]]GDFH K^G G ]HIIHKC
Hu~g lh}}gdfhk~g qh}df~h eciceg} xk ecic} nh~h}dfkgnc hk hi fk~h}fc} nh xk cmoh~c
26