Manual Completo de Los Verbos en Ingl s

Edición Segunda

Manual completo de los verbos en INGLÉS Prof. Jaime Garza Bores McGraw-Hill McGraw-Hill New York York Chicago San Francisco Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan New Delhi San Juan Juan Seou Seoull Sing Singap apor oree Sydn Sydney ey Toron oronto to

The McGraw-Hi McGraw-Hill ll Companies

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Cataloging-in-Publication Data Garza Bores, Jaime. Manual completo de los verbos en ingles / Jaime Garza Bores. p. cm. ISBN 0-07-144496-3 1. English language—Textbooks for foreign speakers—Spanish. speake rs—Spanish. 2. English language—Verb—Handbooks, language—Verb—Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title. PE1129.S8G358 2005 428.2´461—dc22

2004055986

Originally published by Editorial Diana and Editorial Universo Copyright © 2005 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. 14 15 QFR/QFR 1 5 4 3 ISBN 0-07-144496-3 McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. For more information, please write to the Director of Special Sales, Professional Publishing, McGraw-Hill, Two Penn Plaza, New York, NY 10121-2298. Or contact your local bookstore.

Contenido Preface Prólogo Guía de construcción gramatical y la función de todos los verbos auxiliares Verbos auxiliares en inglés con ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplearlos en los tiempos y formas fundamentales Primer Grupo Verbos con formas idénticas en el pasado y participio pasado, pero con infinitivo distinto Segundo Segu ndo Grupo Grupo Verbos con formas distintas distintas en el infinitivo, pasado y participio pasado Tercer Grupo G rupo Verbos con formas idénticas en el infinitivo, pasado y participio y participio pasado Los verbos regulares regulares más usuales Ejercicios Ejercici os Soluciones Solu ciones

Preface Designed with the needs of Spanish speakers in mind, Manual completo de los verbos en inglés presents inglés presents the main features of the English verb system in a single, compact volume. In it you will find: • A list of the most common regular regular verbs verbs in English. • A complete list of irregular irregular verbs in English, grouped grouped according to pattern. This special special feature allows irregular verbs to be easily learned in related groups. Examples illustrate the verbs in context, and notes give important information on the meaning and usage of the different forms. • A complete list of all auxiliary auxiliary verbs in English, English, along with complete examples examples of all the tenses they form and notes explaining their meaning and usage. This unique book is the perfect way to learn English verbs quickly, practically, and economically!

Prólogo Específicamente diseñado para los hispanoparlantes, Manual completo de los verbos en inglés reúne inglés reúne las características de los verbos y ofrece múltiples ejemplos de los mismos en un solo tomo. El lector encontrará: • Los verbos regulares más comunes. • Los verbos irregulares catalogados catalogados según según sus formas; formas; de esta manera manera se aprenderán aprenderán más fácilmente. • Ejemplos y notas que ofrecen ofrecen información información valiosísima sobre sobre el uso apropiado de los verbos. • Los verbos auxiliares con con cuadros de de construcción construcción que muestran muestran cómo se emplean. Este manual es el instrumento perfecto para aprender a manejar los verbos rápidamente.

VERBOS AUXILIARES AUXILIAR TO BE Tiempo en presente

Tiempo en pasado

AM (soy, (soy, estoy) IS (es, IS (es, está)

WAS (era, AS (era, estaba, estuvo)

ARE (son, ARE (son, están)

WERE (eran, WERE (eran, estaban, estuvieron)

Observe cómo emplear el auxiliar. TO BE (ser BE (ser o estar) en sus tiempos presente y pasado con el verbo to write write (escribir) en su forma ING (escribiendo). ING (escribiendo). Note las expresiones de tiempo now now (ahora) y yesterday yesterday (ayer), (ayer), así como los pronombres I (yo), he he (él) y they (ellos). 1.

I

AM

writing a letter now

2. He

IS


3. They

ARE

writing a writing a letter now

4.

WAS

writing a letter yester letter yesterday day

WERE

writing a writing a letter yester letter yesterday day

I

5. They

TRADUCCIÓN 1. Yo estoy escribiendo escribiendo una carta ahora ahora 2. Él está escribiendo escribiendo una una carta ahora 3. Ellos están escribiendo una carta ahora 4. Yo estuve escribiendo escribiendo una carta ayer ayer 5. Ellos estuvieron estuvieron escribiendo escribiendo una carta ayer NOTA: NOTA: Empléas Empléasee IS, IS, en he, she, it y ARE y ARE en en you, you, we, you, they. they. Empléase WAS en AS en I, I, he, she, it y WERE en you, en you, we, you, they. they.

Nótese ahora la partícula negativa NOT después de am, is, are, was y were para were para formar las negaciones en presente y en pasado. I am

NOT


is

NOT


They are

NOT


I was

NOT

writing a letter yester letter yesterday day

He

They were

NOT

writing a writing a letter yester letter yesterday day

En las preguntas am, is, are, was, were se were se anteponen a los pronombres I, pronombres I, he, they. they. AM

I

writi riting ng a lett letteer now?

IS

he writin writingg a letter letter now?

ARE

they writing writing a letter letter now?

WAS

I

WERE

they writing writing a letter letter yesterday? yesterday?

writi riting ng a lett letteer yesterday? yesterday?

CUADRO SINÓPTICO DEL VERBO TO BE

AUXILIARES DEL INTERROGATIVO INTERROGATIVO PARA PARA EL TIEMPO TIEMPO PRESENTE Y PASADO PASADO DE TODOS LOS VERBOS EN INGLÉS (excepto to be: ser be: ser o estar; can: poder; can: poder; must: deber) must: deber)

Observe el empleo de DO de DO y y DOES DOES para para preguntar en tíempo presente; y DID para DID para hacer preguntas en tiempo pasado. Advierta asimismo el verbo en su forma simple (write ( write)) en el Pasado interrogativo (3 y 4) puesto que DID que DID basta basta para expresar dicho pasado. 1. DO DO

you write many write many letters every day?

2. DOES he write many write many letters every day? 3. DID you write many write many letters yester letters yesterday? day? 4. DID

he write many write many letters yester letters yesterday? day? TRADUCCIÓN

1. ¿Escribe usted usted muchas cartas cartas todos los días? 2. ¿Escribe él él muchas cartas todos todos los días? días? 3. ¿Escribió usted muchas cartas ayer? 4. ¿Escribió él muchas cartas ayer? NOTA: El pasado de los verbos se emplea únicamente en la forma afirmativa: I wrote a letter yesterday (Yo yesterday (Yo escribí una carta ayer).

AUXILIARES DEL DEL PRESENTE Y PASADO PASADO NEGATIVO NEGATIVO PARA PARA TODOS TODOS LOS VERBOS EN INGLÉS (excepto to be: ser be: ser o estar; can: poder; can: poder; must: deber) must: deber) Presente Presente negativo

Pasado negativo

DO NOT DO NOT (para: I, you, I, you, we, you, they) they)

DID NOT DID NOT (para: I, (para: I, you, you, they) they)

DOES NOT DOES NOT (terceras personas: he, she, it )

DID NOT DID NOT (terceras personas: he, she, it )

Observe el empieo de NOT después de do, does y did did en las negaciones en tiempo presente y pasado. Nótese el verbo en su forma simple (write ( write)) en el pasado negativo (3 y 4) después de did NOT, puesto que esto basta para expresar dicho pasado. 1. I

do do NOT write many write many letters every day

2. HE does NOT write many letters every day 3. I

did NOT write many write many letters yester letters yesterday day

4. He did NOT wrtie many letters yester letters yesterday day TRADUCCIÓN 1. Yo no escribo muchas muchas cartas todos los días días 2. Él no escribe muchas cartas cartas todos los días días 3. Yo no escribí escribí muchas cartas cartas ayer 4. Él no escribió escribió muchas muchas cartas ayer NOTA: El pasado de los verbos se emplea únicamente en la forma afirmativa: I wrote a wrote a letter yesterday (yo escribí una carta ayer).

PATR PATRÓN ÓN DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL TIEMPO PRESENTE PRESENTE EMPLEANDO EL VERBO VERBO TO WRITE Tiempo presente: WRITE(S) = WRITE(S) = escribo, escribes, escribe, escribimos, escriben. Afirmativo

Interrogativo Interrogativo

Negativo

I write

DO I write?

I DO NOT write

You write

DO you you writ writee?

You DO You DO NOT write

He writeS writeS

DOES he write? te?

He DOES He DOES NOT write

She writeS writeS

DOES she writ writee?

She DOES She DOES NOT write

It writeS writeS

DOES it write? te?

It DOES It DOES NOT write

We write

DO we write? te?

We DO NOT write

You write

DO you you writ writee?

You DO You DO NOT write

They write

DO they they writ write? e?

They DO They DO NOT write

Para conjugar cualquier otro verbo en tiempo presente (excepto to be: be: ser o estar, can: poder y must: deber), must: deber), síganse los mismos patrones empleados con to write. write. Es decir, los que se destacan con letras mayúsculas: S, DO, DOES, DO DO NOT y DOES DOES NOT. Por lo tanto, al conjugar otro verbo regular o irregular empléense dichas mayúsculas en la misma posición y orden en que aparecen con to write. write.

PATRÓN DE CONSTRUCCIÓN DEL TIEMPO PASADO EMPLEANDO EL VERBO TO WRITE Tiempo pasado: WROTE = WROTE = escribí, escribió, escribimos, escribieron. Afirmativo

Interrogativo Interrogativo

Negativo

I wrote

DID I DID I write?

I DID NOT DID NOT write

You wrote

DID you DID you write?

You DID You DID NOT NOT write

He wrote

DID he DID he write?

He DID He DID NOT NOT write

She wrote

DID she DID she write?

She DID She DID NOT NOT write

It wrote

DID it DID it write?

It DID It DID NOT NOT write

We wrote

DID we DID we write?

We DID NOT write

You wrote

DID you DID you write?

You DID NOT write

They wrote

DID they DID they write?

They DID They DID NOT NOT write

Para conjugar cualquier otro verbo en tiempo pasado (excepto to be: be: ser o estar, can: poder, must: deber), must: deber), síganse los mismos patrones empleados con to write. write. Es decir, los que se destacan con letras mayúsculas: DID mayúsculas: DID y y DID DID NOT. NOT. Por lo tanto, al conjugar otro verbo regular o irregular, empléense DID y DID NOT DID NOT en la misma posición y orden en que aparecen con to write, write, utilizando en ambos el verbo principal en su forma simple. Emplee únicamente el verbo principal en su forma de pasado en el afirmativo.

AUXILIARES PARA FORMAR EL FUTURO Y CONDICIONAL Futuro Futuro

Condicional

Afirmativo

Afirmativo

WILL

WOULD

Negativo

Negativo

WILL NOT WILL NOT

WOULD NOT WOULD NOT

Observe el empleo de WILL y WOULD WOULD antes de un verbo en su forma simple (write ( write)) para formar el futuro y futuro y condicional. condicional. 1. I

WILL

write many write many letters tomorrow

2. He

WILL


3. I

WOULD

write many write many letters now

4. He

WOULD

write many write many letters now TRADUCCIÓN

1. Yo escribiré muchas muchas cartas mañana mañana 2. Él escribirá muchas cartas mañana 3. Yo escribiría muchas cartas cartas ahora 4. Él escribiría muchas cartas ahora NOTA: Empléanse WILL y WILL y WOULD con WOULD con todos los pronombres: I, pronombres: I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they en they en el inglés informal de uso cotidiano. SHALL y SHOULD SHOULD se usan sólo en el inglés muy literario tal como la poesía o liturgia, pero únicamente en los pronombres I pronombres I y y we. we.

Observe la palabra NOT inmediatamente después de WILL y WOULD WOULD para formar el negativo del futuro y condicional. 1. I will

NOT


2. He will

NOT


3. I would

NOT

write many write many letters now

4. He would

NOT

write many write many letters now TRADUCCIÓN

1. Yo no escribiré muchas muchas cartas mañana mañana

2. Él no escribirá escribirá muchas muchas cartas mañana 3. Yo no escribiría muchas muchas cartas hoy 4. Él no escribiría escribiría muchas muchas cartas hoy Nótese ahora que los auxiliares WILL y WOULD se WOULD se anteponen a los pronombres I, he, he, etc., para formar preguntas. 1. WILL

I write many write many letters tomorrow?

2. WILL

he write many write many letters tomorrow?

3. WOULD

I write many write many letters now?

4. WOULD

he write many write many letters now? TRADUCCIÓN

1. ¿Escribiré muchas cartas mañana? 2. ¿Escribirá él muchas cartas mañana? 3. ¿Escribiría yo muchas cartas ahora? 4. ¿Escribiría él muchas cartas ahora?

EL AUXILIAR SHALL EN SHALL EN SU USO MAS COMÚN Observe en estas preguntas el uso práctico de shall con shall con los pronombres I pronombres I y y we we solamente solamente para expresar excitativa, invitactón o iniciativa. iniciativa. Note también que en esos casos shall expresa más bien una idea presente que futura. SHALL

I write

that letter now?

SHALL

I cut

the cake now?

SHALL

we dance?

SHALL

we go? TRADUCCIÓN

¿Escribo esa carta ahora? ¿Parto el pastel ahora? ¿Bailamos? ¿Nos vamos?

AUXILIARES QUE EXPRESAN HABILIDAD, EXPRESAN HABILIDAD, PERMISO PERMISO O O POSIBILIDAD POSIBILIDAD HABILIDAD

POSIBILIDAD

Presente

Presente

CAN (puede) (puede)

MAY MAY (posiblemente) (posiblemente)

Pasado

Condicional o Pasado

COULD (pudo, COULD (pudo, podía)

MIGHT (podría) (podría)

Observe el verbo principal en su forma simple (write ( write)) después de los auxiliares can, could, may y may y might . 1. I

CAN

write many write many letters daily

2. He

COULD

write many write many letters yester letters yesterday day

3. I

MAY MAY

write a write a letter afterwards

4. He

MIGHT

write a write a letter now TRADUCCIÓN

1. Yo puedo escribir muchas cartas diariamente diariamente 2. Él pudo escribir muchas muchas cartas ayer 3. Posiblemente yo yo escriba una carta después 4. Él podría escribir una una carta ahora NOTA: Empléanse can, could, may y may y might con con todos los pronombres o sujetos.

Nótese ahora que los auxiliares can, could, may y may y might se se anteponen a los pronombres I, pronombres I, he, he, etc., para formar el interrogativo. i nterrogativo. 1. CAN

I write many write many letters daily?

2. COULD

he write many write many letters yester letters yesterday? day?

3. MA 3. MAY Y

I write a letter afterwards?

4. MIGHT 4. MIGHT

he write a write a letter now? TRADUCCIÓN

1. ¿Puedo ¿Puedo escribir escribir muchas muchas cartas cartas diariamen diariamente? te? 2. ¿Pudo ¿Pudo él escribir escribir muchas muchas cartas cartas ayer? ayer?

3. ¿Puedo escribir una carta después? (pidiendo permiso) 4. ¿Podría ¿Podría él escribir escribir una carta carta ahora? ahora? Observe la palabra NOT inmediatamente después de los auxiliares can, could, may y might para para formar las negaciones. 1. I can

NOT

write many write many letters daily

2. He could

NOT

write many write many letters yester letters yesterday day

3. I may

NOT

write a write a letter afterwards

4. He might

NOT

write a write a letter now TRADUCCIÓN

1. Yo no puedo escribir escribir muchas cartas diariamente. diariamente. 2. Él no pudo pudo escribir muchas cartas cartas ayer 3. Posiblemente yo no escriba una carta después después 4. Él podría no escribir una carta ahora

EL AUXILIAR MA AUXILIAR MAY Y Y Y SUS TRES SIGNIFICADOS

1. (Permiso) MA (Permiso) MAY Y I I write a write a letter? (¿Puedo escribir una carta?) 2. (Posibilidad) I MA I MAY Y write write a letter. (Posiblemente yo escriba una carta.) 3. (Deseo) MA (Deseo) MAY you write a Y you write a lovely poem! (¡Que escribas un hermoso poema!) EL AUXILIAR MIGHT AUXILIAR MIGHT Y Y SUS DOS SIGNIFICADOS

1. He says that he might write a write a book next year. (Él dice que él podría escribir un libro l ibro el año próximo. 2. Helen’s mother said that she might write a write a letter to t o her boy-friend. (La madre de Elena dijo que ella podía escribir una carta a su novio.)

LOS TRES AUXILIARES QUE EXPRESAN OBLIGACIÓN EL TRIANGULO DEL DEBER

EJEMPLOS ILUSTRATIVOS You must defend defend your country (Debes defender a tu país) It must be be very expensive (Debe ser muy caro) They should follow should follow instructions i nstructions (Ellos deben seguir instrucciones) I should bring should bring my birth certificate (Debo traer mi acta de nacimiento) You ought to know to know those things (Debes saber esas cosas) He ought to rent to rent that house (Él debe rentar esa casa) Observe la carencia de lo lo después de must y should, should, notando asimismo que estos dos auxiliares van seguidos de un verbo en su forma simple (write, ( write, respect, honor, honor, etc.). El auxiliar ought siempre siempre va seguido de la partícula to. to. 1. I MUST write a letter letter to my paren parentes tes now 2. You MUST respect respect the the law 3. We MUST honor our honor our parents 4. He MUST be very be very rich 5. You SHOULD write that write that letter with ink 6. He SHOULD drive carefully drive carefully 7. They SHOULD show their show their identification 8.

He OUGHT to learn English learn English

9. You OUGHT to see a see a doctor

TRADUCCIÓN 1. Yo debo escribir una una carta a mis padres padres ahora 2. Tú debes respetar la ley 3. Debemos honrar honrar a nuestros padres 4. Él debe ser muy rico (suposición) (suposición) 5. Deberías escribir escribir esa carta con tinta 6. Él debería manejar con cuidado 7. Ellos deben mostrar su identificación 8. Él debiera (o debería) debería) aprender aprender inglés 9. Deberías o (debieras) ver a un médico NOTA: Empléanse MUST Empléanse MUST,, SHOULD y SHOULD y OUGHT (to) (to) con todos los pronombres o sujetos.

Observe la palabra NOT inmediatamente después de los auxiliares must, should y ought para formar las negaciones. Nótese también la partícula to después to después de NOT en ought . I must

NOT

write a letter letter to my paren parents ts now

You should

NOT

write that that letter letter with with ink

He ought

NOT

to write a letter letter in Spanis Spanishh

Ahora observe que los auxiliares must, should y ought (to) se anteponen a los pronombres I, you, he, he, etc., para formar el interrogativo. Nótese la partícula to antes to antes de write en write en ought . MUST

I write a letter letter to my parent parentss now?

SHOULD

you write that that letter letter with with ink? ink?

OUGHT

he to write a letter letter in Spanis Spanish? h?

AUXILIAR USED TO PARA TO PARA FORMAR EL PRETÉRITO IMPERFECTO (Historical Past)

Observe el verbo en infinitivo después de USED (to write), write), así como su empleo en todos los sujetos o pronombres. I USED to write long letters many years ago He USED to read good books many years ago We USED to speak speak good good Englis Englishh

many years ago

They USED to work in Chicago many years ago TRADUCCIÓN Yo escribía largas cartas hace muchos años Él leía buenos libros hace muchos años Nosotros hablábamos buen inglés hace muchos años Ellos trabajaban en Chicago hace muchos años Observe el uso del DID NOT antes de USE para USE para formar las negaciones. Nótese asimismo que la d de used desaparece used desaparece en esta forma negativa. DID I NOT

use to

write write long long letter letterss

many years ago

He DID NOT

use to

read read good good book bookss

many years ago

They DID NOT

me to

work work in Chic Chicag agoo

many years ago

Ahora observe el empleo de DID de DID antes antes de los pronombres I, pronombres I, he, they, they, etc., para formar el interrogativo. También note la palabra USE en USE en lugar de used. used. DID

I use to write to write long letters many years ago?

DID

he use to read to read good books many years ago?

DID

they use to work to work in Chicago many years ago?

AUXILIARES QUE FORMAN EL ANTEPRESENTE Y ANTECOPRETÉRITO

* Comose puede ver, had se had se emplea con todos los pronombres personales o sujetos.

Observe la forma verbal en participio pasado (written ( written)) después de HAVE, HAVE, HAS y HAD. HAD. No emplee to después to después de estos auxiliares para formar el antepresente y antepresente y antecopretérito. antecopretérito . I HAVE HAVE

written many letters lately

He HAS


They HAVE HAVE


I HAD

written many letters before

He HAD


They HAD

written many letters before TRADUCCIÓN

Yo he escrito muchas cartas últimamente Él ha escrito muchas cartas últimamente Ellos han escrito muchas cartas últimamente últi mamente Yo había escrito muchas cartas anteriormente Él había escrito muchas cartas anteriormente Ellos habían escrito muchas cartas anteriormente NOTA: Cuando have, has y had had van seguidos de la partícula to, to, entonces éstos expresan necesidad, tener que. que. Ejemplos:

I have to write to write a letter now (Tengo que escribir una carta ahora) He has to go to go to school today (Él tiene que ir a la escuela hoy) I had to write to write a letter yesterday (Yo tuve que escribir una carta ayer)

Observe la palabra NOT después de los auxiliares have, has y had had para formar las negaciones. I have

NOT


He has

NOT


They have

NOT


I had

NOT


He had

NOT


They had

NOT


Ahora observe que los auxiliares have, has y had se had se anteponen a los pronombres I, he, we, they, they, etc., para formar el interrogativo. HAVE HAVE

I written many letters lately?

HAS

he written many letters lately?

HAVE HAVE

they written many letters lately?

HAD

I written many letters before?

HAD

he written many letters before?

HAD

they written many letters before?

LA FORMA GOING TO PARA TO PARA CONSTRUIR EL FUTURO EL FUTURO IDIOMÁTICO IDIOMÁTICO Y Y EL PASADO PASADO PROGRESIVO PROGRESIVO

Observe el empleo de los auxiliares am, is, are, was y were were antes de GOING TO para formar el futuro idiomático y idiomático y el pasado el pasado progre progresivo sivo.. Nótese también el verbo en infinitivo (to infinitivo (to write: escribir). 1. I am

GOING

to write to write a letter tomorrow

2. He is

GOING


3. They are

GOING


4. I was

GOING

to write to write a letter yester letter yesterday day

5. He was

GOING


6. They were

GOING


TRADUCCIÓN 1. Yo voy a escribir una una carta mañana 2. Él va a escribir una una carta mañana 3. Ellos van a escribir una carta mañana 4. Yo iba a escribir escribir una carta carta ayer 5. Él iba a escribir una una carta ayer 6. Ellos iban a escribir una carta ayer Observe la palabra NOT inmediatamente después de am, is, are, was y were y were y antes de GOING TO para formar el negativo del futuro idiomático y idiomático y el pasado el pasado progr progresivo esivo.. I am

NOT

going to write to write a letter tomorrow

He is

NOT


They are

NOT


I was

NOT

going to write to write a letter yester letter yesterday day

He was

NOT

letter yesterday going to write to write a letter yester day

They were

NOT

going to write to write a letter yester letter yesterday day TRADUCCIÓN

Yo no voy a escribir una carta mañana Él no va a escribir una carta mañana Ellos no van a escribir una carta mañana Yo no iba a escribir una carta ayer Él no iba a escribir una carta ayer Ellos no iban a escribir una carta ayer Advierta ahora que los auxiliares am, is, are, was y were se were se anteponen a los pronombres I, he, they, they, etc., para formar el interrogativo del futuro idiomático y idiomático y el pasado el pasado progresivo progresivo.. Note asimismo que la posición de GOING TO es igual que la del afirmativo. Es decir, conserva el tercer lugar en las oraciones afirmativas e interrogativas. AM

I going to write to write a letter tomorrow?

IS

he going to write to write a letter tomorrow?

ARE

they going to write to write a letter tomorrow?

WAS

I going to write to write a letter yester letter yesterday? day?

WAS

he going to write to write a letter yester letter yesterday? day?

WERE

they going to write to write a letter yester letter yesterday? day?

FORMA TO BE ABLE PARA ABLE PARA EXPRESAR EL FUTURO DE PODER: DE PODER: WILL BE ABLE

Observe la partícula to inmediatamente to inmediatamente después de la forma WILL BE WILL BE ABLE, es decir, el verbo que le siga a dicha forma siempre en infinitivo (to write). write). I

WILL BE ABLE

to write to write in English very soon

He

WILL BE ABLE

to write to write in English very soon

They

WILL BE ABLE

to write to write in English very soon TRADUCCIÓN

Yo podré escribir escribir en inglés muy pronto Él podrá Él podrá escribir escribir en inglés muy pronto Ellos podrán Ellos podrán escribir escribir en inglés muy pronto NOTA: La traducción literal de TO BE ABLE es ser capaz, capaz, por tanto, I will will BE ABLE significa literalmente seré capaz. capaz. El verbo can (poder) can (poder) carece de forma futura, toda vez que es defectivo, constando únicamente del presente (can) can) y el pasado (could (could). ).

Advierta la palabra NOT inmediatamente después del auxiliar will y will y antes de BE ABLE para formar las negaciones. I will

NOT

be able to write to write in English

He will

NOT


They will

NOT


Nótese ahora que el auxiliar will will se antepone a los pronombres I, he, they, they, etc., para formar el interrogativo. Observe también que la posición de las palabras BE ABLE es igual que la del afirmativo, o sea que ocupan el tercer lugar en las oraciones. En este caso

después de los pronombres. WILL

I be able to write to write in English soon?

WILL

he be able to write to write in English soon?

WILL

they be able to write to write in English soon? TRADUCCIÓN ¿Podré escribir en inglés pronto? ¿Podrá él escribir en inglés pronto? ¿Podrán ellos escribir en inglés pronto?

LOS AUXILIARES CON EL VERBO HA VERBO HAVE VE (haber) (haber) ESTRUCTURANDO LAS FORMAS COMPUESTAS Will

HAVE written = habrá escrito

Would

HAVE written = habría escrito

Could

HAVE written = pudo haber haber escrito

May

HAVE written = posiblemente haya escrito escrito

Might

HAVE written = podría haber haber escrito

Must

HAVE written = debe haber haber escrito

Should Ought

HAVE written = debería haber escrito escrito to HAVE written = debiera haber escrito escrito

Observe el empleo de HAVE HAVE después de todos los auxiliares. Nótese la partícula to después de ought , así como el verbo en participio (written: (written: escrito) escrito) después de HAVE. He will

HAVE

written a written a letter

He would

HAVE


He could

HAVE


He may

HAVE


He might

HAVE


He must

HAVE


He should

HAVE


He ought

to HAVE to HAVE


Observe la palabra NOT después de los auxiliares will, would, could, could, etc., para formar las negaciones. Nótese también que HAVE, que equivale al verbo haber, es invariable. He will

NOT

have written a written a letter

He would

NOT


He could

NOT


He may

NOT


He might

NOT


He must

NOT


He should

NOT


He ought

NOT

to have to have written a written a letter

Observe ahora que los auxiliares will, would, could, could, etc., se anteponen al pronombre he para formar el interrogativo. Nótese asimismo que la posición de HAVE no ha variado si se compara con la del afirmativo. Es decir, conserva su tercer lugar. WILL

he

have written a written a letter?

WOULD

he


COULD

he


MAY MAY

he


MIGHT

he


MUST

he


SHOULD

he


OUGHT

he to have written a written a letter?

PRIMER GRUPO VERBOS CON FORMAS IDÉNTICAS EN EL PASADO Y PARTICIPIO PASADO PERO CON INFINITIVO DISTINTO Clasificación: OUGHT Características: Terminación OUGHT (ot) para pasado y participio pasado, cuya pronunciación es ot . (Bought (Bought pronúnciese pronúnciese bo bot). Infinitivo 1. to buy to buy (comprar)

Pasado bOUGHT

Participio Pasado bOUGHT

(compró)

(comprado)

2. to bring to bring

brOUGHT brOUGHT

brOUGHT brOUGHT

(traer)

(trajo)

(traído)

3. to think to think

thOUGHT thOUGHT

thOUGHT thOUGHT

(pensar o creer)

(pensó o creyó)

4. to seek to seek

sOUGHT

(buscar)

(buscó)

5. to fight to fight

fOUGHT

(pelear, combatir)

(pensado o creído) sOUGHT (buscado) fOUGHT

(peleó, combatió)

(peleado, combatido)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OUGHT Infinitivo John wants to buy to buy a new automobile. (Juan quiere comprar un automóvil nuevo.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

They They buy many many groce grocerie riess every Saturday. Saturday. (Ellos compran muchos víveres todos los sábados.)

(neg.) They DO NOT NOT buy many groceries every Saturday. Saturday. (int.) DO they buy many grocerie groceriess every Saturday? Pasado (af.)

They bOUGHT many many groceries last Saturday. Saturday.

(Ellos compraron muchos víveres el sábado pasado.) (neg.) (neg.) They They DID NOT buy many buy many groceries last Saturday. Saturday. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they buy many buy many groceries last Saturday? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have b have bOUGHT OUGHT many many clothes during this month. (Ellos han comprado mucha ropa durante este mes.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT bOUGHT bOUGHT many many clothes during this month. (int.) Have they Have they bOUGHT bOUGHT many many clothes this month? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OUGHT . Infinitivo I expect to bring to bring my camera to school. (Espero traer mi cámara a la escuela.) Presente Presente (af.)

We bring presents presents for the family family every Christmas. Christmas. (Traemos regalos para la familia cada Navidad.)

(neg.) We DO NOT bring bring presents presents for the family every Christmas. Christmas. (int.) DO we bring presents presents for the family family every Christmas? Pasado (af.)

We brOUGHT presents presents for the family last Christmas. Christmas. (Trajimos (Trajimos regalos para la familia la Navidad pasada.)

(neg.) We DID NOT bring presents bring presents for the family last Christmas. Christmas. (int (int.) .) DID DID we bring presents bring presents for the family last Christmas? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has br has brOUGHT OUGHT the the packages from the store. (Él ha traído los paquetes de la tienda.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT brOUGHT brOUGHT the the packages from the store. (int.)

Has he Has he brOUGHT brOUGHT the the packages from the store?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OUGHT . Infinitivo I need to think to think about this matter carefully. (Necesito pensar en este asunto cuidadosamente.)

Presente Presente (af (af.)

He thin thinks ks of his his family every day. day. (Él piensa en su familia todos los l os días.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT think of his his family every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he thin thinkk of his his family every day? Pasado (af.)

He thOUGHT of his his family when he was away. (Él pensó en su familia cuando estuvo fuera.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT think of his his family when he was away. (int (int.) .) DID DID he think of his his family when he was away? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

You have th have thOUGHT OUGHT of him him very much lately. (Usted ha pensado mucho en él últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) You have NOT have NOT thOUGHT thOUGHT of him him very much lately. (int.) Have you Have you thOUGHT thOUGHT of him him very much lately? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OUGHT . Infinitivo I intend to seek to seek for another position next month. (Tengo intenciones de buscar otra colocación el mes próximo.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

He seeks seeks a good good positio position. n. (Él busca una buena colocación.)

(neg.) He DOES NOT seek a good position. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he seek a a good position? Pasado (af (af.)

Geo George sOUGHT for for an apartment last year. year. (Jorge buscó un departamento el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) George George DID NOT seek for for an apartment last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID Geor George ge seek for for an apartment last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

My uncl unclee has s has sOUGHT OUGHT for for legal advice. (Mi tío ha buscado consejo legal.)

(neg.) (neg.) My uncle uncle has NOT has NOT sOUGHT sOUGHT for for legal advice. (int.)

sOUGHT for for legal advice? Has my Has my uncle sOUGHT

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OUGHT . Infinitivo Richard does not like like to fight to fight with their t heir friends. (A Ricardo no le gusta pelear con sus amigos.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

John John and Charle Charless fight fight every day. day. (Juan y Carlos se pelean todos los días.)

(neg.) John and Charles DO NOT fight every day. day. (int.) DO John and Charles Charles fight every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

My gran grandf dfat athe herr fOUGHT in in the Civil War. (Mi abuelo combatió en la guerra civil.)

(neg.) My grandfather DID NOT fight in in the Civil Ci vil War. ar. (int.) (int.) DID my granfa granfathe therr fight in in the Civil War? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee gang gangst ster erss have f have fOUGHT OUGHT among among themselves. (Esos hampones se han peleado entre ellos mismos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those gangster gangsterss have NOT have NOT fOUGHT fOUGHT among among themselves. (int.) Have those Have those gangsters fOUGHT fOUGHT among among themselves? Sub-clasificación: AUGHT Sub-clasificación: AUGHT (pronúnciese (pronúnciese igual que ought: ot) ought: ot) Infinitivo 1. to teach (enseñar) 2. to catch (coger, atrapar)

Pasado t AUGHT AUGHT (enseñó) c AUGHT (cogió, atrapó)

Participio Pasado t AUGHT AUGHT (enseñado) c AUGHT (cogido, atrapado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AUGHT clasificación AUGHT . Infinitivo He plans to teach to teach Anatomy in the university.

(Él proyecta enseñar Anatomía en la universidad.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

You teach teach Arithm Arithmeti eticc every day. day. (Usted enseña aritmética todos los días.)

(neg.) You DO NOT teach Arithmetic teach Arithmetic every day. day. (int (int.) .) DO you you teach Arithmetic teach Arithmetic every day? Pasado (af.)

She t AUGHT AUGHT English English last year. year. (Ella enseñó inglés el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) She DID NOT teach English teach English last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID she she teach English teach English last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has t has t AUGHT AUGHT them them to speak Spanish. (Ella les ha enseñado a hablar español.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT t AUGHT AUGHT them them to speak Spanish. (int.)

Has she Has she t AUGHT AUGHT them them to speak Spanish?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AUGHT clasificación AUGHT . Infinitivo He wants to catch to catch the bus on time. (Él quiere tomar [coger] el autobús a tiempo.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

You ca catch tch this this bus every day. day. (Usted toma [coge] este autobús todos los días.)

(neg.) You DO NOT catch this catch this bus every day. day. (int (int.) .) DO you you catch this catch this bus every day? Pasado (af.)

Henry c AUGHT a a cold last week . (Enrique se resfrió [cogió un resfriado] la semana pasada.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DID NOT catch a catch a cold last week . (int (int.) .) DID DID Henr Henryy catch a catch a cold last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The polic policem eman an has c has c AUGHT the the thief.

(El policía ha capturado [atrapado] al ladrón.) (neg.) (neg.) The policeman policeman has NOT the thief. has NOT c AUGHT the (int.)

Has the Has the policeman c AUGHT the the thief?

Clasificación: EE Clasificación: EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Características: Los infinitivos de este grupo constan de dos vocales seguidas (to sl eep, eep, to leave). En el pasado y participio pasado la segunda vocal desaparece y ambas formas terminan en t (slept, (slept, left). En este caso la ee y ee y la ea tienen ea tienen un sonido equivalente a la t’ latina. En el pasado y participio pasado la e suena como en español. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

1. to sl to sl EEp EEp

sl Ep EpT

sl Ep EpT

(dormir)

(durmió)

(dormido)

2. to k to k EEp EEp

k Ep EpT

k Ep EpT

(guardar, conservar) 3. to sw to sw EEp EEp (barrer) 4. to w to w EEp EEp (llorar, 5. to cr to cr EEp EEp (arrastrarse, (arrastrarse, deslizarse) 6. to f to f EEl EEl (sentir) 7 to kn to kn EEl EEl (arrodillarse) 8. to m to m EEt EEt (encontrarse, conocerse) 9. to l to l EAve EAve (salir, dejar) 10. to ber to ber EAve EAve (asolar, acongojar)

(guardó, conservó) sw Ep EpT (barrió) w Ep EpT (lloró, cr Ep EpT (se arrastró, se deslizó) f El ElT (sintió)

(guardado, conservado) sw Ep EpT (barrido) w Ep EpT (llorado, cr Ep EpT (arrastrado, (arrastrado, deslizado) f El ElT (sentido)

kn El ElT

kn El ElT

(se arrodilló)

(arrodillado)

m ET

m ET

(se encontró, conoció) l Ef EfT (salió, dejó) ber Ef EfT (asoló, acongojó)

(encontrado, conocido) l Ef EfT (salido, dejado) ber Ef EfT (asolado, acongojado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T Infinitivo

Helen likes to sl to slee eepp more than eight hours. (A Elena le gusta dormir más de ocho horas.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Hele Helenn slee sleeps ps eight hours every day. day. (Elena duerme ocho horas todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Helen DOES NOT slee sleepp eight hours every day (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Hele Helenn slee sleepp eight hours every day? Pasado (af (af.)

You sl Ep EpT very very little last night . (Tú dormiste muy poco anoche)

(neg.) You DID NOT slee sleepp very little last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID you you slee sleepp very little last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have sl have sl Ep EpT here here lately. (Ellos han dormido aquí últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT sl Ep EpT here here lately. (int.) Have they Have they sl Ep EpT here here lately? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo He does not want to k to kee eepp his money in the in the Bank. (Él no quiere guardar su dinero en el banco.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Mothe otherr keeps eeps the bread hot in the oven every day. day. (Mamá conserva el pan caliente en el horno todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mother Mother DOES NOT keep eep the bread hot in the oven every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES moth mother er keep eep the bread hot in the oven every day? Pasado (af.)

I k Ep the keys in my EpT the in my pocket. (Guardé las llaves en mi bolsillo.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DID NOT keep eep the keys in my in my pocket. (int (int.) .) DID DID I keep eep the keys in my in my pocket? Antepresente Antepresente

(af (af.)

The The gir girl has k has k Ep EpT the the meat in the in the freezer. (La muchacha ha guardado lá carne en el congelador.)

(neg.) (neg.) The girl has NOT has NOT k Ep EpT the the meat in the in the freezer. (int.)

Has the Has the girl k Ep EpT the the meat in the in the freezer?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo The girl has to sw to swee eepp the floor every day. (La muchacha tiene que barrer el piso todos los días.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The The gir girl sweeps eeps the floor every day. day. (La muchacha barre el piso todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) The girl DOES NOT swee sweepp the floor every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the girl girl swee sweepp the floor every day? Pasado (af (af.)

The The gir girl sw Ep EpT the the floor yester floor yesterday day.. (La muchacha barrió el piso ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The girl DID NOT swee sweepp the floor yester floor yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID the the girl girl swee sweepp the floor yester floor yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Mary has sw has sw Ep EpT the the floor every day this week. (María ha barrido el piso todos los días esta semana.)

(neg.) (neg.) Ma Mary ry has NOT has NOT sw Ep EpT the the floor every day this week. (int.)

Has Mary Has Mary sw Ep EpT the the floor every day this week?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo She does not have to w to wee eepp all the time. (Ella no tiene que sollozar todo el tiempo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Women omen usua usually lly weep eep easily over trivial things. (Las mujeres generalmente lloran fácilmente por cosas triviales.)

(neg.) Women DO NOT usually weep eep easily over trivial things.

(int.) (int.) DO women women usuall usuallyy weep eep easily over trivial things? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The woma womann w Ep EpT very very much after the accident. (La mujer lloró mucho después del accidente.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DID DID NOT weep eep very much after the accident. (int.) (int.) DID the woman woman weep eep very much after the accident? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have w have w Ep EpT quietly quietly during the funeral. (Ellos han Horado calladamente durante el funeral.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT w Ep EpT quietly quietly during the funeral. (int.) Have they Have they w Ep EpT quietly quietly during the funeral? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sua tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo You do not have to cr to cree eepp on the floor. (Tú no tienes que arrastrarte en el piso.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Tige igers cree creepp quietly in the darkness. (Los tigres se deslizan calladamente en la oscuridad.)

(neg.) (neg.) Tigers Tigers DO NOT cree creepp quietly in the darkness. (int (int.) .) DO tige tigers rs cree creepp quietly in the darkness? Pasado (af.) (af.)

The lava lava from from the volcan volcanoo cr Ep EpT over over the valley. (La lava del volcán se deslizó sobre el valle.)

(neg.) The lava lava from from the volcano DID NOT NOT cree creepp over the valley. (int.) DID the lava from the volcano volcano cree creepp over the valley? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The litt little le dog dog has cr has cr Ep EpT over over the ground. (El perrito se ha arrastrado por el suelo.)

(neg.) (neg.) The little dog has NOT has NOT cr Ep EpT over over the ground. (int.)

Has the Has the little dog cr Ep EpT over over the ground?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E T .

Infinitivo She likes to f to fee eell sorry for herself. (Le gusta compadecerse a sí misma [sentir pena de sí misma].) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My gran grandf dfat athe herr feels eels tired every morning. morning. (Mi abuelo se siente cansado todas las mañanas.)

(neg.) My grandfather DOES NOT feel eel tired every morning. morning. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my grand grandfat father her feel eel tired every morning? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The stud studen ents ts f El ElT tired tired after the tour yester tour yesterday day.. (Los estudiantes se sintieron cansados después de la excursión, ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The students students DID NOT feel eel tired after the tour yester tour yesterday day.. (int). (int). DID the studen students ts feel eel tired after the tour yester tour yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

You have f have f El ElT cold cold during the Winter. (Usted ha sentido frío durante el invierno.)

(neg.) (neg.) You have NOT have NOT f El ElT cold cold during the Winter. (int.) Have you Have you f El ElT cold cold during the Winter? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 7 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo You have to kn to knee eell in church. (Usted tiene que arrodillarse en la iglesia.) Presente Presente (af.)

Mary kneels eels in church every day. day. (María se arrodilla en la iglesia todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DOES NOT knee kneell in church every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Ma Mary ry knee kneell in church every day? Pasado (af.)

Mary kn El ElT in in church yester church yesterday day.. (María se arrodilla en la iglesia todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT knee kneell in church yester church yesterday day,, (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry knee kneell in church yester church yesterday? day?

Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Mary has kn in church during Mass. has kn El ElT in (María se ha arrodillado en la iglesia durante la misa.)

(neg.) (neg.) Ma Mary ry has NOT has NOT kn El ElT in in church during Mass. (int.)

Has Mary Has Mary kn El ElT in in church during Mass?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 8 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo I would like to m to mee eett new friends. (Me gustaría conecer nuevas amistades.) Presente Presente (af.)

They meet eet many friends at the club every day. day. (Ellos encuentran muchos amigos en el club todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT meet eet many friends at the club every day. day. (int (int.) .) DO they they meet eet many friends at the club every day? Pasado (af.)

They m ET many many friends at the club yester club yesterday day.. (Ellos se encontraron muchos amigos en el club ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT meet eet many friends at the club yester club yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they meet eet many friends at the club yester club yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have m have m ET many many people in New York. (Ellos han conocido a mucha gente en Nueva York.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT m ET many many people in New York. (int.) Have they Have they m ET many many people in New York? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 9 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo John wants to l to leeave early ear ly.. (Juan quiere salir temprano.) Presente Presente (af.)

He leaves the office at six o’clock every day. day. (Él sale de la oficina a la seis todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT leave the office at six o’clock every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he leave the office at six o’clock every day? Pasado (af.)

He l Ef EfT the the office at six o’clock yester o’clock yesterday day.. (El salió de la oficina a las seis ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT leave the office at six o’clock yester o’clock yesterday day.. (int (int). ). DID DID he leave the office at six o’clock yester o’clock yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Mr. Mr. Smit Smithh has l has l Ef EfT the the books on the table. (El señor Smith ha dejado los libros l ibros sobre la mesa.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mr. Mr. Smith has NOT has NOT l Ef EfT the the book on the table. (int.)

Has Mr. Has Mr. Smith l Ef EfT the the books on the table?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 10 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Infinitivo He does not want to ber to bereeave his family. (Él no quiere acongojar a su familia.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Hen Henry ber bereaves his mother every day. day. (Enrique acongoja a su madre todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DOES NOT bere bereave his mother every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Henry Henry bere bereave his mother every day? Pasado (af (af.)

Hen Henry ber ber Ef EfT his his mother yester mother yesterday day.. (Enrique acongojó a su madre ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DID NOT bere bereave his mother yester mother yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Henr Henryy ber bereave his mother yester mother yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The hurr hurric ican anee has ber the valley. has ber Ef EfT the (El ciclón ha asolado al valle.)

(neg.) (neg.) The hurricane hurricane has not has not ber Ef EfT the the valley. (int.)

Has the Has the hurricane ber E ber EffT the the valley?

Clasificación: EE Clasificación: EE o o EA, EA, E-T . Características: Tanto Tanto el infinitivo como el pasado y participio pasado de esta clasificación poseen la combinación de las vocales ea ea (excepto to dwell). dwell). El pasado y participio pasado de estos verbos irregulares se forma añadiendo una t a cada uno de sus infinitivos. La combinación ea tiene ea tiene sonido de s latina en el infinitivo y en el pasado y participio pasado de e castellana. Infinitivo 1. to d to deeal (tratar, comerciar) 2. to m to m EAn EAn (significar, querer decir) 3. to l to leeap (saltar) 4. to dw to dweell (habitar)

Pasado d EAl EAlT (trató, comerció) m EAn EAnT (significó, quiso decir) l EAp EApT (saltó)

Participio Pasado d EAl EAlT (tratado, comerciado) m EAn EAnT (significado, querido decir) l EAp EApT (saltado)

dw El ElT (habitó)

dw El ElT (habitado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EA, clasificación EA, EA-T . Infinitivo I do not like to d to deeal with those people. (No me gusta comerciar con esa gente.) Presente Presente (af.)

They deal with many buyers every day. day. (Ellos tratan con muchos compradores compradores todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT deal with many buyers every day. day. (int (int.) .) DO they they deal with many buyers every day? Pasado (af.)

They d EAl with many buyers last year. EAlT with year. (Ellos trataron con muchos compradores el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT deal with many buyers last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they deal with many buyers last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Mr. Mr. Brow Brownn has d has d EAl EAlT with with foreign importers.

(El señor Brown ha comerciado con importadores extranjeros.) (neg.) (neg.) Mr. Mr. Brown Brown has NOT with foreign importers. has NOT d EAl EAlT with (int.) Has Mr. Has Mr. Brown d EAl EAlT with with foreign importers? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EA, clasificación EA, EA-T . Infinitivo Monkeys like to l to leeap from one tree-branch to another. (A los monos les gusta saltar de una rama de un árbol a otra) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

That That monk monkey ey leaps inside his cage every day. day. (Ese mono salta dentro de su jaula todos t odos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) That monkey monkey DOES NOT leap inside his cage every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that monke monkeyy leap inside his cage every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

That That monk monkey ey l EAp EApT inside inside his cage yester cage yesterday day.. (Ese mono saltó dentro de su jaula ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) That monkey monkey DID NOT leap inside his cage yester cage yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID that that monkey monkey leap inside his cage yester cage yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The walr walrus us have l have l EAp EApT during during the circus show. (Las morsas han saltado durante la función de circo.)

(neg.) (neg.) The walrus walrus have NOT have NOT l EAp EApT during during the circus show. (int.) Have the Have the walrus l EAp EApT during during the circus show? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EA, clasificación EA, EA-T . Infinitivo My parents would like to dw to dweell in a bigger house. (A mis padres les gustaría habitar una casa más grande.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

Some Some primit primitive ive tribes tribes dwe dwell in huts. (Algunas tribus no civilizadas habitan en chozas.)

(neg.) Some primitive tribes DO NOT dwe dwell in huts. (int.) DO some primitive primitive tribes tribes dwe dwell in huts?

Pasado (af. (af.))

The The ca cave ve-m -man an dw El in caves many years ago. ElT in ago. (El hombre cavernario habitó en cuevas hace muchos años.)

(neg.) The cave-man DID NOT dwe dwell in caves many years ago. ago. (int.) (int.) DID the ca caveve-man man dwe dwell in caves many years ago? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Civi Civiliz lized ed peop people le have dw have dw El ElT in in houses for many years. (La gente civilizada ha habitado en casas por muchos años.)

(neg.) (neg.) Civilized Civilized people people have NOT have NOT dw El ElT in in houses for many years. (int.) Have civilized Have civilized people dw E dw EllT in in houses for many years?

Clasificación: EE Clasificación: EE o o EA, EA, ED. ED. Características: En este grupo los infinitivos constan de dos vocales seguidas (to f eed, eed, to lead) cuyo sonido equivale a la i latina. En el pasado y participio pasado se elimina una de las vocales quedando siempre la vocal e, conservando el mismo sonido que tiene en castellano. Nótese que las tres formas terminan en d, excepto el infinitivo de to flee (huir). flee (huir). Infinitivo

Pasado

1. to f to fee eedd

Participio Pasado

f ED ED

f ED ED

(dar de comer, alimentar) (dio de comer, alimentó) (dado de comer, alimentado) 2. to sp to spee eedd

sp ED

(acelerar)

(aceleró)

3. to bl to blee eedd

bl ED ED

(sangrar)

(sangrado) br ED ED

(crió, procreó)

(criado, procreado)

l ED ED

l ED ED

(condujo, guió, dirigió)

6. to fl to flee ee (huir)

bl ED ED

br ED ED

5. to l to leead (conducir, guiar)

(acelerado)

(sangró)

4. to br to bree eedd (criar, procrear)

sp ED

(conducido, guiado, dirigido)

fl ED ED

fl ED ED

(huyó)

(huido)

Sub-clasificación: EA, Sub-clasificación: EA, EAD. EAD. Características: Obsérvese que las vocales ea son comunes en el infinitivo, en tanto que ead lo son el el pasado y participio pasado. EA tiene EA tiene sonido de t’ latina en el infinitivo y en el pasado y participio pasado estas mismas vocales juntas tienen sonido de e castellana. Infinitivo 1. to r to reead (leer) 2. to h to heear (oir)

Pasado r EAD EAD (leyó) h EAr EAr D D (oyó)

Participio Pasado r EAD EAD (leído) h EAr EAr D D (oído)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, ED. ED.

Infinitivo The little girl likes to f to fee eedd the chicken. (A la muchachita le gusta dar de comer a los pollos.) Presente Presente (af.)

She feeds eeds the children every day. day. (Ella da de comer a los niños todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) She DOES NOT feed eed the children every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES she she feed eed the children every day? Pasado (af.)

She f ED the ED the children yester children yesterday day.. (Ella dio de comer a los niños ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) She DID NOT feed eed the children yester children yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID she she feed eed the children yester children yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have f have f ED themselves ED themselves with milk and vegetables. (Ellos se han alimentado con leche y verduras.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT f ED themselves ED themselves with milk and vegetables. (int.) Have they Have they f ED themselves ED themselves with milk and vegetables? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, ED. ED. Infinitivo John likes to sp to spee eedd his car on the highway. (A Juan le gusta acelerar su auto en la carretera.) Presente Presente (af.)

He speeds eeds his motorcycle on the free-way. (Él acelera su motocicleta en el viaducto.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT spee speedd his motorcycle on the free-way. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he spee speedd his motorcycle on the free-way? Pasado (af.)

He sp ED his ED his motorcycle on the free-way yester free-way yesterday day.. (Él aceleró su motocicleta en el viaducto ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT spee speedd his motorcycle on the free-way yester free-way yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID he spee speedd his motorcycle on the free-way yester free-way yesterday? day?


John has sp has sp ED his ED his car on the highway. (Juan ha acelerado su auto en la carretera.)

(neg.) (neg.) John John has NOT has NOT sp ED his ED his car on the highway. (int.)

Has John Has John sp ED his ED his car on the highway?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, ED. ED. Infinitivo The wound does not have to bl to blee eedd after de operation. (La herida no tiene que sangrar después de la operación.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Rob Robert ert blee bleeds ds through his nose because of the hot weather. (Roberto sangra por la nariz debido al tiempo caluroso.)

(neg.) (neg.) Robert Robert DOES NOT blee bleedd through his nose because of the hot weather. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Rober Robertt blee bleedd through his nose because of the hot weather? Pasado (af (af.)

Rob Robert ert bl ED through ED through his nose because of the hot weather. (Roberto sangró por la nariz debido al tiempo caluroso.)

(neg.) (neg.) Robert Robert DID NOT bleed through bleed through his nose because of the hot weather. (int.)

DID Robert bleed through his nose because of the hot weather? Antepresente Antepresente

(af.)

He has blED through blED through his wound after the operation. (Él ha sangrado por su herida después de la operación.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT blED through his wound after the operation. (int.)

Has he Has he blED through his wound after the operation?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o EA, ED. ED. Infinitivo My uncle plans to br to bree eedd race horses. (Mi tío proyecta criar caballos de carreras.) Presente Presente (af.)

They breed eed cattle on their ranch. (Ellos crian ganado en su rancho.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT bree breedd cattle on their ranch. (int (int.) .) DO they they bree breedd cattle on their ranch? Pasado (af.)

They br ED cattle ED cattle on their ranche last year. year. (Ellos criaron ganado en su rancho el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT bree breedd cattle on their ranch last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they bree breedd cattle on their ranch last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have br have br ED cattle ED cattle for many years. years. (Ellos han criado ganado por muchos años.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT br ED cattle ED cattle for many years. years. (int.) Have they Have they br ED cattle ED cattle for many years? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, ED. ED. Infinitivo He likes to l to lea eadd people through the museum. (A él le gusta guiar a la gente por el museo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My cous cousin in leads eads tourists through the city. (Mi primo guía a los turistas por la ciudad.)

(neg.) (neg.) My cousin cousin DOES DOES NOT lead ead tourists through the city. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my cousi cousinn lead ead tourists through the city? Pasado (af. (af.))

My cous cousin in l ED some ED some tourists through the city yester city yesterday day.. (Mi primo guió a unos turistas por la ciudad ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) My cousin cousin DID NOT lead ead some tourists through the city yester city yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID my cousin cousin lead ead some tourists through the city yester city yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has l has l ED many ED many tourists to the station. (Él ha conducido a muchos turistas a la estación.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT l ED many ED many tourists to the station. (int.)

Has he Has he l ED many ED many tourists to the station?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 6 en sus tiempos

y formas fundamentales: clasificación EE clasificación EE o o EA, EA, ED. ED. Infinitivo They tried to fl to flee ee to to a free country. (Ellos trataron de huir a un país libre.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Some Some bird birdss flee flee to to warmer climates every year. year. (Algunas aves huyen a climas más cálidos todos los años.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some birds DO NOT NOT flee flee to to warmer climates every year. (int.) (int.) DO some some birds birds flee flee to to warmer climates every year? Pasado (af. (af.))

Some Some bird birdss fl ED to ED to warmer climates last year. year. (Algunas aves huyeron a climas más cálidos el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some birds DID NOT flee flee to to warmer climates last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID some some birds birds flee flee to to warmer climates last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Some Some bird birdss have fl have fl ED to ED to warmer lands during this Winter. (Algunas aves han huido a tierras más cálidas durante este invierno.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some birds have NOT have NOT fl ED to ED to warmer lands during this Winter. (int.) Have some Have some birds fl ED to ED to warmer lands during this Winter? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: sub-clasificación sub-clasificación EA, E AD. AD. Infinitivo Mi brother likes to r to reead scientific books. (A mi hermano le gusta leer libros científicos.) Presente Presente (af.)

John reads the newspaper every night . (Juan lee el periódico todas las noches.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DOES NOT read the newspaper every night . (int (int.) .) DOES DOES John John read the newspaper last night? Pasado (af.)

John r EAD the EAD the newspaper last night . (Juan leyó el periódico anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT read the newspaper last night .

(int (int.) .) DID DID John John read the newspaper last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Dr. Dr. Jone Joness has r has r EAD many EAD many books during his life. (El doctor Jones ha leído muchos libros durante su vida.)

(neg.) (neg.) Dr. Dr. Jones Jones has NOT has NOT r EAD many EAD many books during his life. (int.)

Has Dr. Has Dr. Jones r EAD many EAD many books during his life?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: sub-clasificación sub-clasificación EA, EAD. EAD. Infinitivo The teacher does not like to h to heear noise in the classroom. (Al maestro no le gusta oir ruido en el aula.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

They They alwa always ys hear loud voices out in the street every morning. morning. (Ellos siempre oyen fuertes voces en la calle todas las mañanas.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT NOT always always he hear loud voices in the street every morning. morning. (int.) (int.) DO they they always always hear loud voices out in the t he street every morning? Pasado (af.)

They h EAr EAr D loud D loud voices out in the street last night . (Ellos oyeron fuertes voces en la calle anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT hear loud voices out in the street last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID they they hear loud voices out in the street last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The empl employ oyee eess have h have h EAr EAr D good D good news about the sharing of the profits. (Los emp’eados han oído buenas noticias acerca del reparto de utilidades.)

(neg.) (neg.) The employees employees have NOT. have NOT. h EAr EAr D good D good news about the sharing of the profits. (int.) Have the Have the employees h EA h EArr D good D good news about the sharing of the t he profits?

Clasificación. D, Clasificación. D, T . Características: Todos sus infinitivos terminan en d (spend), spend), cuya consonante se cambia por t (spent) (spent) para dar origen al pasado y participio pasado. Infinitivo 1. to spen to spen D* D* (gastar) 2. to senD (enviar) 3. to lenZ ) (prestar) 4. to benZ ) (doblar, encorvar)

Pasado

Participio Pasado

spenT spenT (gastó)

spenT spenT (gastado)

senT senT (envió)

senT senT (enviado)

lenT lenT (prestó)

lenT lenT (prestado)

benT benT (dobló, encorvó)

benT benT (doblado, encorvado)

5. to bull D** D**

builT builT

builT builT

construir)

(construyó)

(construido)

* Empléase to spend en spend en el sentido de gastar dinero o tiempo (pasar el tiempo cuando implica estancia, permanencia). ** La ** La u de bu build, bu built, bu built, es muda.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación D, clasificación D, T . Infinitivo I am going to spen to spendd my vacation on the beach. (Voy a pasar mis vacaciones en la playa.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

John John spen pends too much money every Sunday. Sunday. (Juan gasta demasiado dinero los domingos.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DOES NOT spend spend too much money every Sunday. Sunday. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES John John spen spend too much money every Sunday? Pasado (af (af.)

John John spen penT too too much money last Sunday. Sunday. (Juan gastó demasiado dinero el domingo pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT spend spend too much money last Sunday. Sunday. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John spen spendd too much money last Sunday?


They have spen a long time in New York. have spenT T a (Ellos han pasado mucho tiempo en Nueva York.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT spenT spenT a a long time in New York. (int.) Have they Have they spenT spenT a a long time in New York? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación D, clasificación D, T . Infinitivo You have to sen to sendd those orders on time. (Usted tiene que enviar esos pedidos a tiempo.) Presente Presente (af.)

We send merchandise to them every month. month. (Les enviamos mercancía cada mes.)

(neg.) We DO NOT send send merchandise to them every month. month. (int (int.) .) DO we sen send merchandise to them every month? Pasado (af.)

We senT merchandise merchandise to them last month. month. (Les enviamos mercancía el mes pasado.)

(neg.) We DID NOT send send merchandise to them last month. month. (int (int.) .) DID DID we sen send merchandise to them last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has sen has senT T them them the new catalogue. (Él les ha enviado el nuevo catálogo.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT senT senT them them the new catalogue. (int.)

Has he Has he senT senT them them the new catalogue?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación D, clasificación D, T . Infinitivo He aoes not like to len to lendd his books. (A él no le gusta prestar sus libros.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My gran grandf dfat athe herr len lends us money every month. month. (Mi abuelo nos presta dinero todos los meses.)

(neg.) My grandfather DOES NOT lend lend us money every month. month. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my grand grandfat father her lend lend us money every month? Pasado (af. (af.))

My gran grandf dfat athe herr len lenT us us money last month. month. (Mi abuelo nos prestó dinero el mes pasado.)

(neg.) My grandfather DID NOT lend lend us money last month. month. (int.) (int.) DID my grandf grandfath ather er lend lend us money last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Your our pare parent ntss have len have lenT T you you their car lately. lately. (Tus padres te han prestado su auto últimamente.)

(neg.) Your parents have NOT have NOT lenT lenT you you their car lately. lately. (int.) Have your Have your parents lenT len T you you their car lately? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación D, clasificación D, T . Infinitivo He does not want to ben to bendd his arm. (Él no quiere doblar el brazo.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Mary ary bend ends her knee before the altar every Sunday. Sunday. (María dobla su rodilla ante el altar todos t odos los domingos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DOES NOT bend bend her knee before the altar every Sunday. Sunday. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Ma Mary ry ben bend her knee before the altar every Sunday? Pasado (af (af.)

Mary ary benT enT her her knee before the altar last Sunday. Sunday. (María dobló su rodilla ante el altar el domingo pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT bend bend her knee before the altar last Sunday. Sunday. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry ben bend her knee before the altar last Sunday? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

John has ben the branch of that tree. has benT T the (Juan ha doblado la rama de ese árbol.)

(neg.) (neg.) John John has NOT has NOT benT benT the the branch of that tree. (int.)

Has John Has John benT benT the the branch of that tree?


y formas fundamentales: clasificación D, clasificación D, T . Infinitivo That young engineer is going to buil to buildd another bridge. (Ese joven ingeniero va a construir otro puente.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My fath father er buil buildds many houses every year. year. (Mi padre construye muchas casas cada año.)

(neg.) (neg.) My father father DOES NOT build build many houses every year. year. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my fathe fatherr buil build many houses every year? Pasado (af. (af.))

My fath father er buil builT T many many houses last year. year. (Mi padre construyó muchas casas el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) My father father DID NOT build build many houses last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID my fathe fatherr buil build many houses last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have buil have builT T a a great stadium near the city. (Ellos han construido un gran estadio cerca de la ciudad.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT builT builT a a great stadium near the city. (int.) Have they Have they builT builT a a great stadium near the city?

Clasificación: I, Clasificación: I, U . Características: Infinitivos cuya vocal única es una i (cling) que se cambia en u (clu (clung) para formar su pasado y participio pasado excepto en fo hang (colgar). En este grupo la i tiene un sonido intermedio entre la t y la e (i/e) i/e) y la u suena como la o castellana. En to strike to strike la i se pronuncia ai. ai. Infinitivo 1. to swing to swing (columpiar (columpiar,, mecer) 2. to wring to wring (exprimir, torcer) 3. to cling to cling (pegarse, aferrarse) 4. to string to string (enhebrar, ensartar) 5. to sting to sting (picar, pinchar) 6. to stick to stick (clavar, pegar) 7. to strike to strike** (golpear, dar golpes) 8. to hang to hang** ** (colgar)

Pasado swU swU ng ng (columpió, meció) wrU wrU ng ng (exprimió, torció) clU clU ng ng (se pegó, se aferró) strU strU ng ng (enhebró, ensartó) sttU sttU ng ng (picó, pinchó) stU stU ck ck (clavó, pegó) strU strU ck ck (golpeó, dio golpes) hU ng ng (colgó)

Participio Pasado swU swU ng ng (columpiado, mecido) wrU wrU ng ng (exprimido, torcido) clU clU ng ng (pegado, aferrado) strU strU ng ng (enhebrado, ensartado) stlU stlU ng ng (picado, pinchado) stU stU ck ck (clavado, pegado) strU strU ck ck (golpeado, dado golpes) hU ng ng (colgado)

* El participio pasado también puede ser stricken stricken y significa atacado de alguna enfermedad o fuerte emoción negativa: pánico, ira, etc. ** También ** También es verbo regular (hanged (hanged)) y significa colgar (de ahorcar).

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo Children like to sw to swiing in meritots. (A los niños les gusta mecerse en los columpios.) Presente Presente (af.)

Mary swings herself on the meiitot every day. day. (María se mece en el columpio todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DOES NOT swi swing herself on the meritot every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Ma Mary ry swi swing herself on the meritot every day? Pasado (af.)

Mary swU ng ng herself on the meritot yester meritot yesterday day.. (María se meció en el columpio aver.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT swi swing herself on the meritot yester meritot yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry swi swing herself on the meritot yester meritot yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

You have sw have swU U ng ng little John on the meritot many times. times. (Usted ha mecido al pequeño Juan en el columpio muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) You have NOT have NOT swU swU ng ng little John on the meritot many times. times. (int.) Have you Have you swU swU ng ng little John on the meritot many times? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo The maid has to wr to wriing the clothes. (La criada tiene que exprimir la ropa.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The woma womann wri wrings the clothes every day. day. (La mujer exprime la ropa todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DOES DOES NOT NOT wri wring the clothes every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the woman woman wri wring the clothes every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The woma womann wrU wrU ng ng the clothes yester clothes yesterday day.. (La mujer exprimió la ropa ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DID DID NOT NOT wri wring the clothes yester clothes yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the woman woman wri wring the clothes yester clothes yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.) (af.)

This This washin washing-m g-mach achine ine has wr ng the clothes automatically. has wrU U ng (Esta lavadora ha exprimido la ropa automáticamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) This washing-m washing-machin achinee has NOT has NOT wrU wrU ng ng the clothes automatically. (int.)

Has this Has this washing-machine wrU wrU ng ng the clothes automatically?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el nomerò 3 en sus tiempos

y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo He likes to cl to cliing to the idea that he is self-sufficient. (Le gusta aferrarse a la idea de que es auto-suficiente.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

These These little little puppie puppiess cli cling to their mother at feeding time. (Estos perritos se pegan a su madre a la hora del alimento.)

(neg.) These little puppies puppies DO NOT cli cling to their mother at feeding time. (int.) (int.) DO these these little little puppie puppiess cli cling to their mother at feeding time? Pasado (af.) (af.)

These These little little puppie puppiess clU clU ng ng to their mother at feeding time. (Estos perritos se pegaron a su madre a la hora del alimento.)

(neg.) These little puppies puppies DID NOT cli cling to their mother at feeding time. (int.) DID these little puppies puppies cli cling to their mother at feeding time? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Litt Little le Ma Mary ry has cl has clU U ng ng to her mother’ mother ’s lap during storms. (La pequeña María se ha pegado al regazo de su madre durante la tormenta.)

(neg.) (neg.) Little Mary has NOT has NOT clU clU ng ng to her mother’ mother ’s lap during storms. (int.)

Has little Has little Mary clU clU ng ng to her mother’ mother ’s lap during storms?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo You have to str to striing the thread carefully. (Usted tiene que enhebrar el hilo con cuidado.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The wome womenn str string the thread in the factory every day. day. (Las mujeres enhebran el hilo en la fábrica todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DO DO NOT NOT stri string the thread in the factory every day. day. (int.) (int.) DO the woman woman stri string the thread in the factory every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The wome womenn str strU hg hg the thread in the factory yester factory yesterday day.. (Las mujeres enhebraron el hilo en la fábrica ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The women women DID DID NOT NOT stri string the thread in the factory yester factory yesterday day..

(int.) (int.) DID the women women stri string the thread in the factory yester factory yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has str has strU U ng ng many beads lately. lately. (Ella ha ensartado muchas cuentas últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT strU strU ng ng many beads lately. lately. (int.)

Has she Has she strU strU ng ng many beads lately?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo Those bees are going to st to stiing you, if you keep on bothering them. (Esas abejas van a picarte, si sigues molestándolas.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thes Thesee mosq mosqui uito toes es sti sting me every night . (Estos mosquitos me pican todas las noches.)

(neg.) These mosquitoes DO NOT sti sting me every night . (int.) (int.) DO these these mosqui mosquitoe toess sti sting me every night? Pasado (af. (af.))

Thes Thesee mosq mosqui uito toes es stU stU ck ck me last night . (Estos mosquitos me picaron anoche.)

(neg.) These mosquitoes DID NOT sti sting me last night . (int.) (int.) DID these these mosqui mosquitoe toess sti sting me last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af.) (af.)

Those Those poiso poisonou nouss snakes snakes have st have stU U ck ck many people lately. lately. (Esas serpientes venenosas han picado a mucha gente últimamente.)

(neg.) Those poisonous snakes have NOT have NOT stU stU ck ck many people lately. lately. (int.) Have those Have those poisonous snakes stiU stiU ng ng many people latelyf Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo John does not have to st to stiick chewing-gum on his desk. (Juan no tiene que pegar chicle en su pupitre.) Presente Presente (af.)

He sticks nails on boards every day. day.

(Él clava clavos en tablas todos los días.) (neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT sti stick nails on boards every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he sti stick nails on boards every day? Pasado (af.)

He stU ck ck nails on boards yester boards yesterday day.. (Él clavó clavos en tablas ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT sti stick nails on boards yester boards yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID he sti stick nails on boards yester boards yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have st have stU U ck ck many labels on beer-bottles. (Ellos han pegado muchas etiquetas en botellas de cerveza.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT stU stU ck ck many labels on beer-bottles. beer-bottles. (int.) Have they’ Have they’ stU stU ck ck many labels on beer-bottles? beer-bottles? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 7 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo Charles like to str to striike with a stick at his classmates in school. (A Carlos le gusta dar golpes con un palo a sus compañeros de clases en la escuela.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thes Thesee boys boys str strike at the orange-tree every year. year. (Estos muchachos golpean al naranjo cada año.)

(neg.) (neg.) These These boys boys DO NOT NOT stri strike at the orange-tree every year. year. (int.) (int.) DO these these boys boys stri strike at the orange-tree every year? Pasado (af. (af.))

Thes Thesee boys boys str strU ck ck at the orange-tree last year. year. (Estos muchachos golpearon al naranjo el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) These These boys boys DID NOT stri strick at the t he orange-tree last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID these these boys boys stri strick at the orange-tree last yeart Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has str has strU U ck ck at the donkeys many times. times. Él ha golpeado a los burros muchas veces.

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT strU strU ckat ckat the donkeys many times. times.

(int.)

Has he Has he strU strU ckat ckat the donkeys many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 8 en sus tiempos y formas fundamenules: clasificación I, clasificación I, U . Infinitivo She has to h to haang her clothes every day. day. (Ella tiene que colgar su ropa todos los días.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The woma womann hangs the clothes after the washing. (La mujer cuelga la ropa después del lavado.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DOES DOES NOT NOT hang the clothes after the washing. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the woman woman hang the clothes after the washing? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The woma womann hU ng ng the clothes after the washing. (La mujer colgó la ropa después del lavado.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DID DID NOT hang the clothes after the washing. (int.) (int.) DID the woman woman hang the clothes after the washing? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has h has hU U ng ng the picture upon a upon a nail. (Ella ha colgado el cuadro de un clavo.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT hU hU ng ng the picture upon a upon a nail. (int.)

Has she Has she hU hU ng ng the picture upon a upon a nail?

Clasificación: A Clasificación: AY Y, AID Características: La terminación ay ay es la característica de todos los infinitivos pertenecientes a este grupo (to pay p ay). ). En el pasado y participio pasado dicha terminación ay se ay se cambia por aid (paid). (paid). La fonética de ay es ay es ei y ei y aid se aid se pronuncia eid, eid, excepto en said (pronuncíese sed). sed). Infinitivo 1. to say to say (decir) 2. to pay to pay (pagar) 3. to lay to lay (colocar, poner huevos)

Pasado

Participio Pasado

s AID (dijo)

s AID (dicho)

p AID (pagó)

p AID (pagado)

I AID AID (colocó, puso huevos)

I AID AID (colocado, puesto huevos)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A clasificación AY Y, AID. AID. Infinitivo What are you trying to s to say ay?? (¿Qué está usted tratando de decir?) Presente Presente (af.)

Peter ter says ays good night before going to bed. (Pedro dice buenas noches antes de acostarse.)

(neg.) (neg.) Peter DOES NOT say good ay good night before going to bed. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Pete Peterr say good ay good night before going to bed? Pasado (af.)

Peter ter s AID good AID good night to us last night . (Pedro nos dijo buenas noches anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) Peter DID NOT say good ay good night to us last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID Pete Peterr say good ay good night to us last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The news newspa pape pers rs have s have s AID many AID many things about him. (Los periódicos han dicho muchas cosas de él.)

(neg.) (neg.) The newspape newspapers rs have NOT have NOT s AID many AID many things about him. (int.) Have the Have the newspapers s AID s AID many many things about him?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A clasificación AY Y, AID. AID. Infinitivo We have to p to pay ay this this bill immediately. immediately. (Tenemos que pagar esta cuenta inmediatamente.) Presente Presente (af.)

They pay their ay their bills every month. month. (Ellos pagan sus cuentas todos los meses.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT pay their ay their bills every month. month. (int (int.) .) DO they they pay their ay their bills every month? Pasado (af.)

They p AlD their AlD their bills last month. month. (Ellos pagaron sus cuentas el mes pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT pay their ay their bills last month. month. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they pay their ay their bills last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

My uncl unclee has p has p AID too AID too much for that house. (Mi tío ha pagado demasiado por esa casa.)

(neg.) (neg.) My uncle uncle has NOT has NOT p AID too AID too much for that house. (int.)

Has my Has my uncle p AID too AID too much for that house?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el numero 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A clasificación AY Y, AID. AID. Infinitivo That brown hen is going to l to lay ay an an egg soon. (Esa gallina parda va a poner un huevo pronto.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

My hens hens lay eggs ay eggs every day. day. (Mis gallinas ponen huevos todos los dias.)

(neg.) (neg.) My hens DO NOT lay eggs ay eggs every day. day. (int (int.) .) DO my hens hens lay eggs ay eggs every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

That That whit whitee hen hen I AID many AID many eggs last month. month. (Esa gallina blanca puso muchos huevos el mes pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) That white hen DID NOT lay many ay many eggs last month. month. (int.) (int.) DID that that white white hen lay many ay many eggs last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The pres presid iden entt has I has I AID the AID the first stone of that hospital. (El presidente ha colocado la primera piedra de ese hospital).

(neg.) (neg.) The president president has NOT has NOT I AID the AID the first stone of that hospital. (int.)

Has the Has the presidente I AID I AID the the first stone of that hospital?

Clasificación: IND, Clasificación: IND, OUND. OUND. Características: Obsérvese que la combinación ind, ind, que es rasgo común en los infinitivos, se transforma en ound para ound para formar el pasado y participio pasado de esta clasificación. La fonética de ind es ind es áind y áind y la de ound es ound es áund. áund. Infinitivo 1. to f to find ind (encontrar) 2. to b to bind ind (unir, atar) 3. to gr to grind ind (triturar, moler) 4. to w to wind ind (dar cuerda, enrollar)

Pasado

Participio Pasado

fOUND (encontró)

fOUND (encontrado)

bOUND (unió, ató)

bOUND (unido, atado)

grOUND grOUND (trituró, molió).

grOUND grOUND (triturado, molido)

wOUND (dio cuerda, enrolló)

wOUND (dado cuerda, enrollado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IND, clasificación IND, OUND. OUND. Infinitivo I am trying to f to find ind a a bigger apartment. (Estoy tratando de encontrar un departamento más grande.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Arch Archeo eolo logi gist stss find interesting ind interesting things in those ruins. (Los arqueólogos encuentran cosas interesantes en esas ruinas.)

(neg.) (neg.) Archeolog Archeologists ists DO NOT find interesting ind interesting things in those ruins. (int.) (int.) DO archeo archeolog logist istss find interesting ind interesting things in those ruins? Pasado (af. (af.))

My brot brothe herr fOUND fifty OUND fifty dollars on the street. (Mi hermano encontró cincuenta dólares en la calle.)

(neg.) (neg.) My brother brother DID NOT find fifty ind fifty dollars on the street. (int.) (int.) DID my brothe brotherr find fifty ind fifty dollars on the street? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has f has fOUND OUND many many mistakes in that writing. (Ella ha encontrado muchos errores en ese escrito.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT fOUND fOUND many many mistakes in that writing. (int.)

fOUND many many mistakes in that writing? Has she Has she fOUND

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IND, clasificación IND, OUND. OUND. Infinitivo You have to b to bind ind everything everything very tightly. (Listed tiene que unir todo muy fuertemente.) Presente Presente (af.)

He binds inds all the bundles together every day. day. (Él ata todos los bultos junios todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT bind all ind all the bundles together every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he bind all ind all the bundles together every day? Pasado (af.)

He bOUND all OUND all the bundles together yester together yesterday day.. (Él ató todos los bultos juntos ayer.) ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT bind all ind all the bundles together yester together yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID he bind all ind all the bundles together yester together yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have b have bOUND OUND all all those sticks in one bundle. (Ellos han atado todas esas varas en un montón.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT bOUND bOUND all all those sticks in one bundle. (int.) Have they Have they bOUND bOUND all all those sticks in one bundle? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IND, clasificación IND, OUND. OUND. Infinitivo She will have to gr to grind ind that that corn very well. (Ella tendrá que moler ese maíz muy bien.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

That That woma womann grind grindss corn every day. day. (Esa mujer muele maíz todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) That woman woman DOES DOES NOT grind grind corn corn every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that woman woman grind grind corn corn every day? Pasado

(af. (af.))

That That woma womann grOUND grOUND all all the corn yester corn yesterday day.. (Esa mujer molió todo el maíz ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) That woman woman DID DID NOT NOT grind grind all all the corn yester corn yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID that that woman woman grind grind all all the corn yester corn yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has gr has grOUND OUND many many things with that machine. (Él ha triturado muchas cosas con esa máquina.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT grOUND grOUND many many things with that machine. (int.)

Has he Has he grOUND grOUND many many things with that machine?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IND, clasificación IND, OUND. OUND. Infinitivo Do not forget to w to wind ind the the clock every night . (No olvides dar cuerda al reloj de pared todas las noches.) Presente Presente (at.)

Peter ter winds inds his watch before going to bed. (Pedro da cuerda a su reloj antes de acostarse.)

(neg.) (neg.) Peter DOES NOT wind his ind his watch before going to bed. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Pete Peterr wind his ind his watch before going to bed? Pasado (af.)

Peter ter wOUND his OUND his watch before going to bed. (Pedro dio cuerda a su reloj antes de acostarse.)

(neg.) (neg.) Peter DID NOT wind his ind his watch before going to bed. (int (int.) .) DID DID Pete Peterr wind his ind his watch before going to bed? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Frank has w has wOUND OUND the the big clock many times. (Paco le ha dado cuerda al reloj grande muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) Frank Frank has NOT has NOT wOUND wOUND the the big clock many times. (int.)

wOUND the the big clock many times? Has Frank Has Frank wOUND

Clasificación: ELL, Clasificación: ELL, OLD. OLD. Características: La terminación del infinitivo ell ell (to tell) tell) se cambia por old (told) told) en el pasado y participio pasado. Fonética: ell se ell se pronuncia el y el y old suena old suena ottld. ottld. Infinitivo

Pasado

1. to t to tell ell (decir, contar)

tOLD (dijo, contó)

2. to foret to foretell ell (predecir)

Participio Pasado tOLD (dicho, contado)

foretOLD foretOLD)) (predijo)

foretOLD foretOLD (predicho)

3. to s to sell ell

sOLD

sOLD

(vender)

(vendió)

(vendido)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ELL, clasificación ELL, OLD. OLD. Infinitivo What do you intend to t to tell ell your your parents? (¿Qué tienes pensado decir a tus padres?) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My fath father er tells ells us to study. (Mi padre nos dice que estudiemos.)

(neg.) (neg.) My father father DOES NOT tell us ell us to study. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my fathe fatherr tell us ell us to study? Pasado (af. (af.))

My fath father er tOLD us OLD us to study. (Mi padre nos dijo que estudiáramos.)

(neg.) (neg.) My father father DID NOT tell us ell us to study. (int.) (int.) DID my fathe fatherr tell us ell us to study? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has t has tOLD OLD him him many things about her trip. (Ella le ha contado a él muchas cosas acerca de su viaje.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT tOLD tOLD him him many things about her trip. (int.)

Has she Has she tOLD tOLD him him many things about her trip?


y formas fundamentales: clasificación ELL, clasificación ELL, OLD. OLD. Infinitivo Fortune-tellers pretend to foret to foretell ell future future events. (Los adivinadores pretenden predecir acontecimientos uturos.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

That That gips gipsyy fore forettells ells the fortune. (Esa gitana predice la suerte.)

(neg.) That gipsy DOES NOT foretell foretell the the fortune. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that gipsy gipsy foret foretell ell the the fortune? Pasado (af.) (af.)

That That famous famous astrol astrologi ogist st foret foretOLD OLD that that disaster last year. year. (Ese astrólogo famoso predijo ese desastre el año pasado.)

(neg.) That famous astrologist DID NOT foretell foretell that that disastei last year. year. (int.) DID that famous famous astrologis astrologistt foret foretell that ell that disaster last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Prop Prophe hets ts have foret have foretOLD OLD the the end of the world. (Los profetas han predicho el fin del mundo.)

(neg.) (neg.) Prophets Prophets have NOT have NOT foretOLD foretOLD the the end of the world. (int.) Have prophets Have prophets foretOLD foretOLD the the end of the world? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ELL, clasificación ELL, OLD. OLD. Infinitivo They have to s to sell ell that that merchandise as soon as possible. (Ellos tienen que vender esa mercancía tan pronto como sea posible.) Presente Presente (af.)

They sell their ell their products in Latin America. (Ellos venden sus productos en América Latina.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT sell their ell their products in Latin America. (int (int.) .) DO they they sell their ell their products in Latin America? Pasado (af.)

They sOLD their OLD their products in Latin America. (Ellos vendieron sus productos en América Latina.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT sell their ell their products in Latin America;

(int (int.) .) DID DID they they sell their ell their products in Latin America? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Fran France ce has s has sOLD OLD machinery machinery to Mexico lately. lately. (Francia ha vendido maquinaria a México últimamente.) últi mamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) France France has NOT has NOT sOLD sOLD machinery machinery to Mexico lately. lately. (int.)

Has France Has France sOLD sOLD machinery machinery to Mexico lately?

Clasificación: STAND, STAND, STOOD. STOOD. Características: La terminación stand stand del infinitivo se cambia por stood stood en el pasado y participio pasado. Stood se Stood se pronuncia stud. stud. Infinitivo 1. to stand (quedarse, estar de pie) 2. to under to understand stand (entender) 3. to with to withstand stand (resistir, oponer)

Pasado

Participio pasado

STOOD (se quedó, estuvo de pie)

STOOD (quedado, estado de pie)

underSTOOD underSTOOD (entendió)

underSTOOD underSTOOD (entendido)

withSTOOD withSTOOD (resistió, opuso)

withSTOOD withSTOOD (resistido, opuesto)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación STAND, STAND, STOOD. STOOD. Infinitivo John likes to stand near stand near the entrance. (A Juan le gusta quedarse cerca de la entrada.) Presente Presente (af.)

John stands stands on his feet in a crowded bus. (Juan se queda de pie en un autobús atestado.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DOES NOT stand on stand on his feet in i n a crowded bus. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES John John stand on stand on his feet in a crowded bus? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The pupi pupils ls STOOD up STOOD up when the teacher entered the clasroom. (Los alumnos se pusieron de pie cuando el maestro Entró al aula.)

(neg.) (neg.) The pupils pupils DID NOT stand up stand up when the teacher entered the classroom. (int.) (int.) DID the pupils pupils stand up stand up when the teacher entered the classroom? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee stud studen ents ts have STOOD up STOOD up before the Mexican flag. (Esos estudiantes se han puesto de pie ante la bandera mexicana.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those students students have NOT have NOT STOOD up STOOD up before the Mexican flag. (int.) Have those Have those students STOOD up STOOD up before the Mexican flag? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos

y formas fundamentales clasificación STAND, STAND, STOOD. STOOD. Infinitivo He has to under to understand stand certain certain things. (Él tiene que entender ciertas cosas.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

He under nderstands stands English English well. (Él entiende inglés bien.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT under understand English stand English well. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he unde underrstand English stand English well? Pasado (af. (af.))

They They unde underrSTOOD the STOOD the explanation yester explanation yesterday day.. (Ellos comprendieron la explicación ayer.) ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT under understand the stand the explanation yester explanation yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID they they under understand stand the the explanation yester explanation yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

You have unders have undersSTOOD STOOD me. me. (Usted me ha comprendido.)

(neg.) (neg.) You have NOT have NOT underSTOOD underSTOOD me. me. (int.) Have you Have you underSTOOD underSTOOD me? me? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación STAND, STAND, STOOD. STOOD. Infinitivo This ship has to with to withstand stand the the storm. (Este barco tiene que resistir la tormenta.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

That That man man with withstand standss to every kind of violence. (Ese hombre se opone a toda clase de violencia.)

(neg.) (neg.) That man DOES NOT withstand withstand to to every kind of violence. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that man with withstand to stand to every kind of violence? Pasado (af. (af.))

That That peop people le with withSTOOD STOOD the the foreign aggression. (Ese pueblo resistió la agresión extranjera.)

(neg.) (neg.) That people people DID DID NOT withstand withstand the the foreign aggression.

(int.) (int.) DID that that people people with withstand the stand the foreign aggression? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

That That smal smalll nati nation on has with has withSTOOD STOOD the the economic aggression. (Esa pequeña nación ha resistido la agresión económica.)

(neg.) (neg.) That small nation nation has NOT has NOT withSTOOD withSTOOD the the economic aggression. (int.)

Has that Has that small nation withSTOOD the economic aggression? aggression?

Clasificación: OLD, ELD. ELD. Características: La combinación old del old del infinitivo se cambia en eld para eld para formar el pasado y participio pasado. La fonética de old es old es óuld y óuld y la de eld igual eld igual como se escribe Infinitivo 1. to h to hold old (sostener, sujetar) 2. to beh to behold old (contemplar) 3. to withh to withhold old (retener).

Pasado

Participio Pasado

h ELD (sostuvo, sujetó)

h ELD (sostenido, sujetado)

beh ELD (contempló)

beh ELD (contemplado)

withh ELD (retuvo)

withh EZD (retenido)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OLD, ELD. ELD. Infinitivo Mary likes to h to hold old long long conversations over the telephone. (A María le gusta sostener largas conversaciones por teléfono.) Presente Presente (af.)

John holds olds Mary’s books on their way to school. (Juan sostiene los libros de María camino de la escuela.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DOES NOT hold Mary’s old Mary’s books on their way to school. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES John John hold Mary’s old Mary’s books on their way to school? Pasado (af.)

She h ELD the ELD the baby in her arms yester arms yesterday day.. (Ella sostuvo al bebé en sus brazos ayer.

(neg.) (neg.) She DID NOT hold the old the baby in her arms yester arms yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID she she hold the old the baby in her arms yester arms yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have h have h ELD different ELD different theories on Mars. (Ellos han sostenido diferentes teorías sobre Marte.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT h ELD different ELD different theories on Mars. (int.) Have they Have they h ELD different ELD different theories on Mars? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos

y formas fundamentales: clasificación OLD, ELD. ELD. Infinitivo She likes to beh to behold old that that beautiful scenery. (A ella le gusta contemplar ese bello paisaje.) Presente Presente (af.)

She beholds olds the sunset every afternoon. afternoon. (Ella contempla la puesta del sol todas t odas las tardes.)

(neg.) (neg.) She DOES NOT behold behold the the sunset every afternoon. afternoon. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES she she beh behold the old the sunset every afternoon? Pasado (af. (af.))

My pare parent ntss beh beh ELD the ELD the view of Paris from the Eiffel Tower. (Mis padres contemplaron la vista de París desde la Torre Eiffel.)

(neg.) (neg.) My parents parents DID NOT behold behold the the view of Paris from the Eiffel Tower. (int.) (int.) DID my parent parentss behold behold the the view of Paris from the Eiffel Tower? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has beh has beh ELD that ELD that picture many times. times. (Él ha contemplado ese cuadro muchas veces.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT beh ELD that ELD that picture many times. times. (int.)

Has he Has he beh ELD that ELD that picture many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OLD, ELD. ELD. Infinitivo He does not have to withh to withhold old my my salary. (Él no tiene por qué retener mi sueldo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My empl employ oyer er with withhholds olds my income-tax every month. month. (Mi patrón retiene mis impuestos sobre la renta todos los meses.)

(neg.) My employer DOES NOT withhold withhold my my income-tax every month (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my employ employer er withh withhold my income-tax every month? old my Pasado (af.) (af.)

The immigr immigrati ation on servic servicee withh withh ELD our ELD our passports. (El servicio de inmigración i nmigración retuvo nuestros pasaportes.)

(neg.) The immigration service DID NOT withheld withheld our our passports.

(int.) DID the immigratio immigrationn service service withheld withheld our passports? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The insp inspec ecto torr has withh has withh ELD those ELD those documents. (El inspector ha retenido esos documentos.)

(neg.) (neg.) The inspector inspector has NOT has NOT withh ELD those ELD those documents. (int.)

Has the Has the inspector withh ELD withh ELD those those documents?

Clasificación: I-E, Clasificación: I-E, ID o ID o IT IT . Características: Obsérvese que entre las vocales i-e i-e se interpone la consonante í o d (to bite, to hide) hide) en todos los infinitivos excepto en to light . En el pasado y participio pasado, la vocal e se elimina (bit, (bit, hid). hid). La i del infinitivo tiene sonido de ai ai y la e es muda. En el pasado y participio pasado la i suena como en español. Infinitivo

Pasado

1. to hid to hidee (esconder)

h ID

h ID* ID*

(escondió)

(escondido)

sl ID ID

sl ID* ID*

2. to slid to slidee (deslizar, resbalar)

(deslizó, resbaló)

3. to chid to chidee (reprender)

ch ID* ID*

(reprendió)

(reprendido)

b IT

b IT *

(mordió, picó)

5. to light to light (encender)

(deslizado, resbalado)

ch ID

4. to bit to bitee (morder, picar)

Participio Pasado

(mordido, picado)

l IT IT

b IT

(encendió)

(encendido)

* Sus participios pasados también pueden ser: hidden hidden,, slidden slidden,, chidden chidden y bitten bitten respectivamente, y cuya i tiene el mismo sonido que en castellano.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, ID o ID o IT IT . Infinitivo What are you trying to h to hiide? (¿Qué estás tratando de esconder?) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Cha Charles les hides from his friends every day. day. (Carlos se esconde de sus amigos todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Charles Charles DOES NOT hide from his friends every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Charle Charless hide from his friends every day? Pasado (af (af.)

The The thie thieff h ID from ID from the police. (El ladrón se escondió de la policía.)

(neg.) (neg.) The thief DID NOT hide from the police. (int.) (int.) DID the thief thief hide from the police? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has h has h ID (h ID (hidden idden)) his money under the mattress. (Él ha escondido su dinero debajo del colchón.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT h ID (h ID (hidden idden)) his money under mattress. (int.)

Has he Has he h ID (h ID (hidden idden)) his money under the mattress?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, ID o ID o IT IT . Infinitivo Eskimos like to sl to sliide on their sleighs. (A los esquimales les gusta deslizarse en sus trineos.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

That That slei sleigh gh sli slides swiftly on the snow. (Ese trineo se desliza rápidamente en la nieve.)

(neg.) (neg.) That sleigh sleigh DOES DOES NOT sli slide swiftly on the snow. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that sleigh sleigh sli slide swiftly on the snow? Pasado (af. (af.))

That That slei sleigh gh sl ID swiftly ID swiftly on the snow yester snow yesterday day.. (Ese trineo se deslizó rápidamente en la nieve ayer.) ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) That sleigh sleigh DID DID NOT NOT sli slide swiftly on the snow. (int.) (int.) DID that that sleigh sleigh sli slide swiftly on the snow yester snow yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

You have sl have sl ID (sl ID (slidden idden)) because of this slippery floor. (Usted ha resbalado debido a este piso resbaloso.)

(neg.) (neg.) You have NOT have NOT sl ID (sl ID (slidden idden)) because of this slippery floor. (int.) Have you Have you sl ID (sl ID (slidden idden)) because of this slippery floor? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, ID o ID o IT IT . Infinitivo The teacher does not like to ch to chiide his pupils. (Al maestro no le gusta reprender a sus alumnos.) Presente Presente

(af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr chi chides the mischievous pupils every day. day. (El maestro reprende a los alumnos traviesos todos los días.)

(neg.) The teacher DOES NOT chi chide the mischievous pupils every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the teache teacherr chi chide the mischievous pupils every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr ch ID a ID a mischievous pupil yester pupil yesterday day.. (El maestro regañó a un alumno travieso ayer.)

(neg.) The teacher DID NOT chi chide a mischievous pupil yester pupil yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the teache teacherr chi chide a mischievous pupil yester pupil yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr has ch has ch ID (ch ID (chidden idden)) them many times. (El maestro los ha reprendido muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) The teacher teacher has NOT has NOT ch ID (ch ID (chidden idden)) them many times. (int.)

Has the Has the teacher ch ID ch ID (ch (chidden idden)) them many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, ID o IT . Infinitivo That dog is going to b to biite you, if you keep on bothering him. (Ese perro va a morderte si sigues molestándolo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The mosq mosqui uito toes es bite him every night . (Los mosquitos lo pican todas las noches.)

(neg.) (neg.) The mosquitoe mosquitoess DO DO NOT NOT bite him every night . (int.) (int.) DO the mosqui mosquitoe toess bite him every night? Pasado (af. (af.))

A mad mad dog dog b IT Charles Charles last year. year. (Un perro rabioso mordió a Carlos el año pasado.)

(neg.) A mad dog DID NOT bite Charles last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID a mad mad dog dog bite Charles last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Mosq Mosqui uito toes es have b have b IT (bitten (bitten)) them many times. times. (Los mosquitos los han picado muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mosquitoe Mosquitoess have NOT have NOT b IT (bitten (bitten)) them many times. times.

(int.) Have mosquitoes Have mosquitoes b IT (bitten (bitten)) them many times? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, ID o ID o IT IT . Infinitivo He does not have to l to liight his cigarette near the gasoline can. (Él no tiene que encender su cigarrillo cerca de la lata de gasolina.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My fath father er lights his cigarettes with a new lighter. (Mi padre enciende sus cigarrillos con un encendedor nuevo.)

(neg.) (neg.) My father father DOES NOT light his cigarettes with a new lighter. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my fathe fatherr light his cigarettes with a new lighter? Pasado (af. (af.))

Mr. Mr. Brow Brownn l IT IT his his pipe with a match yester match yesterday day.. (El señor Brown encendió su pipa con un cerillo ayer.) ayer.)

(neg.) Mr. Mr. Brown Brown DID NOT light his pipe with a match yester match yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID Mr. Mr. Brown Brown light his pipe with a match yester match yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have l have l IT IT their their cigars with wooden matches. (Ellos han encendido sus puros con cerillos de madera.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT l IT IT their their cigars with wooden matches. (int.) Have they Have they l IT IT thier thier cigars with wooden matches?

Clasificación: O, O. O. Características: Observe que el único rasgo que caracteriza a esta agrupación verbal es la vocal o, la cual es común en todos ellos tanto en el pasado como en el participio pasado. Por otra parte, también se advertirá que su infinitivo es distinto. En cuanto a la fonética de los infinitivos, la o de lose tiene lose tiene sonido de My la e final es muda. En shoot la la doble o suena como u. En shine, shine, la i se pronuncia ai y ai y la vocal a de wake suena wake suena ei, ei, siendo muda su e final. Tanto los pasados y participios pasados se pronuncian como se escriben, salvo los que constan de e finales que son mudas. Infinitivo 1. to win to win (ganar)

Pasado wOn (ga (ganó) lOst

(perder)

(perdió)

(disparar) 4. to shine to shine (brillar) 5. to wake to wake (despertar)

wOn (ganado)

2. to lose to lose 3. to shoot to shoot

Participio Pasado

lOst (perdido)

shO shOt (disparó)

shO shOt (disparado)

shO shOne* ne* (brilló)

shO shOne* ne* (brillado)

wOke (despertó)

wOke (despertado)

* Empléase la forma regular shined shined en en el pasado y participio pasado de shine, shine, cuando éste implica lustrar zapatos. zapatos .

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número l en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación O, O. O. Infinitivo They will try to win to win the next foot-ball game. (Ellos tratarán de ganar el próximo juego de foot-ball.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

Those Those player playerss win all the games games every year. year. (Esos jugadores ganan todos los juegos todos los años.)

(neg.) Those players DO NOT win all the games games every year. year. (int.) DO those players players win all the games games every year? Pasado

(af.)

He wOn the world’s championship last year. year. (Él ganó el campeonato mundial el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT win the win the world’s championship last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID he win the win the world’s championship last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Mary has w has wO On many beauty contests. (María ha ganado muchos concursos de belleza.)

(neg.) (neg.) Ma Mary ry has NOT has NOT wO wOn many beauty contests. (int.)

Has Mary Has Mary wO wOn many beauty contests?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación O, O. O. Infinitivo You are not going to lose to lose money in that investment. (Usted no va a perder dinero en esa inversión.) Presente Presente (af.)

They lose money money in those those business business every year. year. (Ellos pierden dinero en esos negocios todos los años.)

(neg.) They DO NOT lose money money in those business business every year. year. (int.) DO they lose money money in those business business every year? Pasado (af (af.)

Cha Charles les lOst his English book last week . (Carlos perdió su libro de inglés la semana pasada.)

(neg.) (neg.) Charles Charles DID NOT lose his lose his English book last week . (int (int.) .) DID DID Char Charle less lose his lose his English book last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have l have lO Ost many games during this season. season. (Ellos han perdido muchos partidos durante esta temporada.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT lO lOst many games during this season. season. (int.) Have they lOst many games during this season? Have they lO Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales. Clasificación: O, O Infinitivo They like to shoot to shoot at the birds in the country.

(A ellos les gusta disparar a las aves en el campo.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

Robert Robert shoots shoots at pigeon pigeonss every week . (Roberto le dispara a las palomas cada semana.)

(neg.) Robert DOES NOT shoot at pigeons every week . (int.) DOES Robert Robert shoot shoot at pigeons pigeons every week? Pasado (af.)

They shOt at a tiger in the jungle. (Ellos le dispararon a un tigre en la selva.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT shoot at at a tiger in the jungle. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they shoot at at a tiger in the jungle? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee hunt hunter erss have sh have shO Ot at many animals. (Esos cazadores le han disparado a muchos animales.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those hunters hunters have NOT have NOT shO shOt at many animales. (int.) Have those Have those hunters shO shOt at many animals? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación O, O. O. Infinitivo The sun is going to shine to shine soon. (El sol va a brillar pronto.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The sun sun shin shines es every day. day. (El sol brilla todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) The sun DOES NOT shine shine every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the sun shine shine every day? Pasado (af (af.)

The The sun sun shOne very brightly yester brightly yesterday day.. (El sol brilló muy refulgentemente ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The sun DID NOT shine very shine very brightly yester brightly yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID the the sun sun shine very shine very brightly yester brightly yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

The The sun sun has sh has shO One every day this Summer. Summer.

(El sol ha brillado todos los l os días este verano.) (neg.) (neg.) The sun has NOT shOne every day this Summer. has NOT shO Summer. (int.)

Has the Has the sun shO shOne every day this Summer?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación O, O. O. Infinitivo I will try to wake to wake earlier tomorrow. (Trataré de despertar más temprano mañana.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Paul Paul wake wakess ea earl rlyy every morning. morning. (Pablo se despierta temprano todas las mañanas.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DOES NOT wake early every morning. morning. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Paul Paul wake wake early early every morning? Pasado (af.)

You wOke me very late yester late yesterday day morning. morning. (Usted me despertó muy tarde ayer en la mañana.)

(neg.) You DID NOT wake me wake me very late yester late yesterday day morning. morning. (int (int.) .) DID DID you you wake me wake me very late yester late yesterday day morning? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have w have wO Oke early because of the alarm clock. (Ellos se han despertado temprano debido al reloj despertador.) despertador.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT wO wOke early because of the alarm clock. (int.) Have they Have they wO wOke early because of the alarm clock?

Clasificación: A, Clasificación: A, A. A. Características: Observe que estos tres verbos irregulares tienen en común la vocal a en sus pasado y participio pasado. Sus infinitivos son distintos. Dicha vocal a posee un sonido intermedio entre la a y la e (a/e) (a/e) en sat y sat y have. have. En cambio se pronuncia ei en ei en make y make y made. made. Las e finales son mudas. Infinitivo 1. to sit to sit (sentarse) 2. to have to have (tener, haber) 3. to make to make (hacer, manufacturer)

Pasado

Participio Pasado

s At At

s At At

(se sentó)

(sentado)

h Ad Ad

h Ad Ad

(tuvo, hubo)

(tenido, habido)

m Ade Ade (hizo, manufacturó)

m Ade Ade (hecho, manufacturado) manufacturado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el numero 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A, clasificación A, A. A. Infinitivo My grandfather likes to sit to sit in his easy-chair. (A mi abuelo le gusta sentarse en su sofá.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

They They sit sit in the the park park every Sunday. Sunday. (Ellos se sientan en el parque todos los domingos.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT NOT sit sit in the the park park every Sunday. Sunday. (int.) (int.) DO they they sit in the park park every Sunday? Pasado (af.)

John s At At in the waiting-room for a long time yester time yesterday day.. (Juan se sentó en la sala de espera mucho tiempo ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT sit in in the waiting-room for a long time yester time yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John sit in in the waiting-room for a long time yester time yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have s have s At At on that bench many times. (Ellos se han sentado en ese banco muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT s At At on that bench many times. t imes.

(int.) Have they Have they s At At on that bench many times? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A, clasificación A, A. A. Infinitivo We are going to have to have another child soon. (Vamos a tener otro niño pronto.) Presente Presente (af.)

Robert Robert has a house house in the country country.. (Roberto tiene una casa en el campo.)

(neg.) Robert DOES NOT have have a house house in the the country. country. (int.) DOES Robert Robert have a house house in the country? country? Pasado (af (af.)

Tha That man man h Ad Ad a ranch many years ago. ago. (Ese hombre tuvo un rancho hace muchos años.)

(neg.) (neg.) That man DID NOT have a have a ranch many years ago. ago. (int (int.) .) DID DID that that man man have a have a ranch many years ago? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have h have h Ad Ad too much work lately. lately. (Ellos han tenido demasiado trabajo últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT h Ad Ad too much work lately. lately. (int.) Have they Have they h Ad Ad too much work lately? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A, clasificación A, A. A. Infinitivo That country plans to make to make faster airplanes. (Ese país proyecta hacer aviones más rápidos.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

They They make make good good furni furnitur ture. e. (Ellos hacen buenos muebles.)

(neg.) They DO NOT NOT make good furniture. (int.) DO they make good furniture furniture?? Pasado (af.)

Henry m Ade Ade many mistakes yester mistakes yesterday day..

(Enrique hizo muchos errores ayer.) (neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DID NOT make many mistakes yesterday make many mistakes yester day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Henr Henryy make many make many mistakes yester mistakes yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

That That ca carp rpen ente terr has m has m Ade Ade many tables and chairs. (Ese carpintero ha hecho muchas mesas y sillas.)

(neg.) (neg.) That carpente carpenterr has NOT has NOT m Ade Ade many tables and chairs. (int.)

Has that Has that carpenter m Ade Ade many tables and chairs?

SEGUNDO GRUPO VERBOS CON FORMAS DISTINTAS DISTINTAS EN EL INFINITIVO, PASADO Y PARTICIPIO PASADO Clasificación: IN, Clasificación: IN, AN, UN . Características: El rasgo común en los infinitivos es la combinación in, in, en el pasado la an y en el participio pasado la un (excepto un (excepto en swim, swam, swum, swum, que consta de m en lugar de n). Fonética: Pronuncíese la i con la abertura de la e castellana, pero tratando de emitir el sonido de la i latina, logrando así un sonido entre la i y la e (a/e) (a/e) y la u con sonido equivalente a la o española. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

IN

AN

UN

1. to beg to beg IN

beg AN

(empezar)

(empezó)

2. to dr to dr IN IN k

dr AN AN k

(beber) 3. to s to s IN k (hundirse) 4. to st to st IN IN k (apestar) 5. to sht to sht IN IN k (encogerse) 6. to sw to sw IM (nadar) 7. to s to s IN g (cantar) 8. to r to r IN IN g (sonar, tocar)

(bebió) s AN k (se hundió) st AN AN k (apestó) shr AN AN k (se encogió) sw AM (nadó) s AN g (contó) r AN AN g (sonó, tocó)

begUN begUN (empezado) drUN drUN k (bebido) sUN k (hundido) stUN stUN k (apestado) shrUN shrUN k (encogido) swUM swUM (nadado) sUN g (cant ado) rUN g (sonado, tocado)

9. to run to run

r AN AN

rUN

(correr)

(corrió)

(corrido)

NOTA: NOTA: TO begin, to swim, y to run duplican su consonante final en el gerundio: begin N begin N ing, ing, swim M ing, ing, run N ing. ing.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo I have to beg to beg IN this this assignment as soon as possible. (Tengo que empezar este trabajo tan pronto como sea posible.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr beg beg IN s the clase early every day. day. (El maestro empieza la clase temprano todos los días.)

(neg.) The teacher DOES NOT beg IN the the class early every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the teache teacherr beg IN the the class early every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr beg beg AN the the class very late yester late yesterday day.. (El maestro empezó la clase muy tarde ayer.)

(neg.) The teacher DID NOT begin begin the the class very late yester late yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the teache teacherr beg begin the in the class very late yester late yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Rob Robert ert has beg has begUN UN an an intensive training. (Roberto ha empezado un entrenamiento intensivo.)

(neg.) (neg.) Rober Robertt has NOT has NOT begUN begUN an an intensive training. (int.)

Has Robert Has Robert begUN begUN an an intensive training?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo I like to dr to dr IN IN k coffee in the morning. (Me gusta tomar café en la mañana.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Paul Paul dri IN IN ks ks coffee in the morning. (Pablo toma café en la mañana.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DOES NOT dr IN IN k coffee in the morning. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Paul Paul dr IN IN k coffee in the morning? Pasado (af.)

Paul dr AN AN k coffee yester coffee yesterday day morning. morning. (Pablo tomó café ayer en la mañana.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DID NOT drin drinkk coffee yester coffee yesterday day morning. morning. (int (int.) .) DID DID Paul Paul drin drinkk cofee yester cofee yesterday day morning? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Paul has dr has drUN UN k too much coffee. (Pablo ha tomado demasiado café.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul Paul has NOT has NOT drUN drUN k too much coffee. (int.)

Has Paul Has Paul drUN drUN k too much coffee?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo That ship is not going to s to s IN k in spite of the storm. (Ese barco no se va a hundir a pesar de la tormenta.) Presente Presente (af.)

I s IN k in the water when I swim. (Me hundo en el agua cuando nado.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT s IN k in the water when I swim. (in (int.) t.)

DO I s IN k in the water when I swim? Pasado

(af.)

I s AN k in the water when 1 was swimming yeter swimming yeterday day.. (Me hundí en el agua cuando estuve nadando ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DID NOT sink ink in the water when I was swimming yester swimming yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID I sink ink in the water when I was swimming yester swimming yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The enem enemyy has s has sUN UN k many ships. (El enemigo ha hundido muchos barcos.)

(neg.) (neg.) The enemy enemy has NOT has NOT sUN sUN k many ships. (int.)

Has the Has the enemy sUN sUN k many ships?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo That thing does not have to st to st IN IN k at all. (Esa cosa no tiene que apestar en lo absoluto.) Presente Presente

(af.)

It st IN IN k when it is not clean. (Apesta cuando no está limpio.)

(neg.) (neg.) It DOES NOT st IN IN k when it is clean. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES it st IN IN k when it is clean? Pasado (af.)

It st AN AN k because it was not clean. (Apestó porque no estaba limpio.)

(neg.) (neg.) It DID NOT stin stinkk because it was clean. (No apestó porque estaba limpio.) (int (int.) .) DID DID it stin stinkk because it was not clean? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Tha That fis fish has st has stUN UN k because it is not fresh. (Ese pescado ha apenado poique no está fresco.)

(neg.) (neg.) That fish has NOT has NOT stUN stUN k because it is fresh. (Ese pescado no ha apestado porque está fresco.) (int.)

Has that Has that fish stUN stUN k because it is not fresh?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo This shirt is going to shr to shr IN IN k when washed. (Esta camisa se va a encoger cuando se lave.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thes Thesee clot clothe hess* shr IN IN k when washed. (Esta ropa se encoge cuando se lava.)

(neg.) (neg.) These These clothes clothes** DO NOT shr IN IN k when washed. (int.) (int.) DO these these clothe clothess* shr IN IN k when washed? Pasado (af. (af.))

This This shir shirtt str str AN AN k when washed. (Esta camisa se encogió cuando se lavó.)

(neg.) (neg.) This shirt shirt DID DID NOT NOT shrin shrinkk when washed. (int.) (int.) DID this this shirt shirt shrin shrinkk when washed? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee clot clothe hess* have shr have shrUN UN k when washed.

(Esa ropa ha encogido cuando se lavó.) (neg.) (neg.) Those Those clothes clothes** have NOT shrUN k when washed. have NOT shrUN (int.) Have those Have those clothes* clothes* shrUN shrUN k when washed? * Clothes (ropa) Clothes (ropa) es plural en inglés.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo We like to sw to sw IM in in the swimming-pool. (Nos gusta nadar en la piscina de natación.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The stud studen ents ts sw IM in in the pool every Sunday. Sunday. (Los estudiantes nadan en la piscina todos los domingos.)

(neg.) (neg.) The students students DO NOT NOT sw IM in in the pool every Sunday. Sunday. (int.) (int.) DO the studen students ts sw IM in in the pool every Sunday? Pasado (af (af.)

Rob Robert ert sw AM in in the lake yester lake yesterday day.. (Roberto nadó en el lago ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Robert Robert DID NOT swim swim in in the lake yester lake yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Robe Robert rt swim swim in in the lake yester lake yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

The The boys boys have sw have swUM UM in in the river many times. times. (Los muchachos han nadado en el rio muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) The boys have NOT have NOT swUM swUM in in the river many times. times. (int.) Have the Have the boys swUM swUM in in the river many times? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 7 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo The students are going to s to s IN g the school choir. (Los estudiantes van a cantar en el coro de la l a escuela.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee sing singer erss s IN g on television every week . (Esos cantantes cantan por televisión cada semana.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those singer singerss DO NOT s IN g on television every week .

(int.) (int.) DO those those singer singerss s IN g on television every week? Pasado (af.)

Mary s AN g in the party yester party yesterday day.. (María cantó en la fiesta ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT sing ing in the party yester party yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry sing ing in the party yester party yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

That That sing singer er has s has sUN UN g on television many times. times. (Ese cantante ha cantado por televisión muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) That singer singer has NOT has NOT sUN sUN g on television many times. times. (int.)

Has that Has that singer sUN sUN g on television many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 8 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN . Infinitivo He is going to r to r IN IN g the church-bell. (Él va a tocar la campana de la iglesia.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Geo George r IN IN gs gs the door-bell before he enters his house. (Jorge toca el timbre de la puerta antes de entrar a su casa.)

(neg.) (neg.) George George DOES NOT r IN IN g the door-bell before he enters his house. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Geor George ge r IN IN g the door-bell door-bell before ore he enters his house? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The tele teleph phon onee r AN AN g many times yester times yesterday day.. (El teléfono sonó muchas veces ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The telephone telephone DID NOT ring ing many times yester times yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the teleph telephone one ring ing many times yester times yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The tele teleph phon onee has r has rUN UN g many times today. today. El teléfono ha sonado muchas veces hoy.)

(neg.) (neg.) The telephone telephone has NOT has NOT rUN rUN g many times today. today. (int.)

Has the Has the telephone rUN rUN g many times today?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 9 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IN, clasificación IN, AN, UN .

Infinitivo John likes to r in the park. to rUN UN in (A Juan le gusta correr en el parque.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The The boys boys run in run in the yard every day. day. (Los muchachos corren en el patio todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) The boys DO NOT run in run in the yard every day. day. (int (int.) .) DO the the boys boys run in run in the yard every day? Pasado (af (af.)

Cha Charles les r AN AN to to school yester school yesterday day.. (Carlos corrió a la escuela ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Charles Charles DID NOT run to run to school yester school yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Char Charle less run to run to school yester school yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Henry has r has rUN UN many many kilometers lately. lately. (Enrique ha corrido muchos kilómetros últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry has NOT has NOT rUN rUN many many kilometers lately. lately. (int.)

Has Henry Has Henry rUN rUN many many kilometers lately?

NOTA: NOTA: Obsérvese que la forma simple de to ru run es idéntica a su participio pasado: ru run-corrido.

Clasificación: I-E, Clasificación: I-E, O-E, I-EN . Características: En este grupo el rasgo característico del infinitivo son las vocales separadas (i-e (i-e), ), en el pasado (o-e (o-e)) y en el participio pasado (i-en (i-en). ). El guión (-) que se interpone entre las vocales significa que existe una consonante entre ellas (to drive, drove, drove, driven). En algunos participios pasados existe la doble consonante idéntica interponiéndose entre i-en como i-en como en written, ridden, etcétera. Fonética: En el infinitivo la vocal i tiene sonido equivalente en español de ai, ai, mientras que en el participio pasado suena igual que en castellano. La e final es muda en el infinitivo y el pasado. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

I-E

O-E

I-EN

1. to wr to wr I I t E E

wrO wrOt E E

(escribir)

(escribió)

wr I I tt tt EN EN (escrito)

2. to dr to dr I I v E

drO drOv E

dr I I v EN

(manejar)

(manejó)

(manejado)

rOd E

r I I dd dd EN

3. to r to r I I d E (montar, via jar en vehlculo)

(montó, viajó)

4. to r to r I I s E (levantarse) 5. to str to str I I v E

rOs E

r I I s EN

(se levantó)

(levantado)

strO strOv E

(esforzarse)

(se esforzó)

6. to str to str I I d E

strO strOd E

(caminar a grandes pasos)

(montado, viajado)

(caminó)

str I I v EN (esforzado) str I I dd dd EN (caminado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, O-E, I-EN . Infinitivo I have to wr to wr I I t E a E a report on sales. (Tengo que escribir un informe sobre ventas.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The secr secret etar aryy wr I I t Es Es many letters every day. day. (La secretaria escribe muchas cartas todos los días.)

(neg.) The secretary DOES NOT wr I I t E many E many letters every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the secre secretar taryy wr I I t E many E many letters every day?

Pasado (af (af.)

Hele Helenn wrO wrOt E a parents yesterday E a letter to her parents yester day.. (Elena escribió una carta a sus padres ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Helen DID NOT wri write a letter to her parents yester parents yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Hele Helenn wri write a letter to her parents yester parents yesterday! day! Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The empl employ oyee eess have wr have wr I I tt tt EN EN a a long report. (Los empleados han escrito un largo informe.)

(neg.) (neg.) The employees employees have NOT have NOT wr I I tt tt EN EN a a long report. (int.) Have the Have the employees wr I tt tt EN EN a a long report? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, O-E, I-EN . Infinitivo We are going to dr to dr I I v E from E from New York to Chicago. (Vamos a manejar de Nueva York a Chicago.) Presente Presente (af.)

They dr I I v E carefully E carefully at night. (Ellos manejan con cuidado en la noche.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT dr I I v E carefully E carefully at night. (int (int.) .) DO they they dr I I v E carefully E carefully at night? Pasado (af (af.)

You drOv E the E the car very fast last night . (Tú manejaste el auto muy rápido anoche.)

(neg.) You DID NOT dri drive the car very fast last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID you you dri drive the car very fast last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Albe Albert rt has dr has dr I I v EN that that truck many times. times. (Alberto ha manejado ese camión muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) Albert Albert has NOT that truck many times. has NOT dr I I v EN that times. (int.)

Has Albert Has Albert dr I I v EN that that truck many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el numero 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, O-E, JEN . Infinitivo

(Paul likes to r to r I I d E on E on a horse. (A Pablo le gusta montar a caballo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The woma womann r I I d Es Es in the bus every day. day. (La mujer viaja en autobús todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman DOES DOES NOT NOT r I I d E in E in the bus every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the woman woman r I I d E in E in the bus every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

My cous cousin in rOd E on E on his motorcycle yester motorcycle yesterday day.. (Mi primo montó en su motocicleta ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) My cousin cousin DID NOT ride on his motorcycle yester motorcycle yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID my cousin cousin ride on his motorcycle yester motorcycle yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

My uncl unclee has r has r I I dd dd EN on on a train many times. times. (Mi tío ha viajado en tren muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) My uncle uncle has NOT has NOT r I I dd dd EN on on a train many times. times. (int.)

Has my Has my uncle r I I dd dd EN on on a train many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, OE, I EN . Infinitivo I like to r to r I I s E early E early in the morning. (Me gusta levantarme temprano en la mañana.) Presente Presente (af.)

We r I I s E early E early every day. day. (Nos levantamos temprano todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) We DO NOT r I I s E early E early every day. day. (int.)

Do we Do we r I I s E early E early every day? Pasado

(af.)

Henry rOs E very early yesterday E very early yester day.. (Enrique se levantó muy temprano ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DID NOT rise very early yester early yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Henr Henryy rise very early yester early yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente

(af.)

They have r have r I I s EN early early all this week . (Ellos se han levantado temprano toda esta semana.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT r I I s EN early early all this week . (int.) Have they Have they r I I s EN early early all this week? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, O-E, I EN . You have to str to str I I v E to E to learn more English. (Tienes que esforzarte a aprender más inglés.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The stud studen ents ts str str I I v E to E to learn more. (Los estudiantes se esfuerzan por aprender más.)

(neg.) (neg.) The students students DO NOT NOT str I I v E to E to learn more. (int.) (int.) DO the studen students ts str I I v E to E to learn more? Pasado (af (af.)

Mary ary strO trOv E to E to earn a scholarship last year. year. (María se esforzó por ganar una beca el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT stri strive to earn a scholarship last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry str strive to earn a scholarship last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have str have str I I v EN to to be good students. (Ellos se han esforzado en ser buenos estudiantes.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT str I I v EN to to be good students. (int.) Have they Have they str I I v EN to to be good students? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, O-E, I-EN . Infinitivo Mr. Davies likes to str to str I I d E out E out of his office. (Al señor Davies le gusta salir a grandes pasos de su despacho.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

John John str I I d Es Es to school every day. day. (Juan camina a grandes pasos a la escuela todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DOES NOT str I I d E to E to school every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES John John str str I I d E to E to school every day? day?

Pasado (af (af.)

Paul Paul strO trOd E into room yesterday E into the room yester day.. (Pablo entró a grandes pasos al cuarto ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DID NOT stri stride into the room yester room yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Paul Paul str stride into the room yester room yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The stud studen ents ts hove hove str I I dd dd EN to to school very often. often. (Los estudiantes han caminado a grandes pasos a la escuela muy a menudo.)

(neg.) (neg.) The students students have NOT have NOT str I I dd dd EN to to school very often. often. (int.) Have the Have the students str I I dd dd EN to to school very often. often.

Clasificación: E-A, Clasificación: E-A, O-E, O-EN . Características: Vocales comunes en el infinitivo ea; ea; en el pasado o-e y en el participio pasado o-en. o-en. Observe que to choose y to freeze tienen características desafines a los demás sólo en el infinitivo. Fonética: En este grupo la combinación ea ea tiene sonido de i latina; tanto en el pasado como en el participio pasado la vocal o se pronuncia ou. ou. La e final es muda en el pasado. Pronuncíese la ee de ee de freeze como i latina y la oo de oo de choose con sonido de u. La ea de ea de to break suena ei. ei. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

EA

O-E

O-EN

1. to sp to sp EAk EAk (hablar) 2. to st to st EAl EAl (robar) 3. to br to br EAk EAk (romper) 4. to w to w EAve EAve (hilar, entrelazar) 5. to ch to chOO OOse se (escoger) 6. to fr to fr EEze EEze (congelar)

spO spOk E (habló)

spO spOk EN (hablado)

stO stOlB (robó)

stO stOl EN EN (robado)

brOk E (rompió)

brO brOk EN (roto)

wOv E (hiló, entrelazó)

wOv EN (hilado, entrelazado)

chO chOs E (escogió)

chO chOs EN (escogido)

frO frOz E

frO frOz EN

(congeló)

(congelado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación E-A, clasificación E-A, O-E, O-EN . Infinitivo My brother likes to sp to sp EAk English English all the time. (A mi hermano le gusta hablar inglés todo el tiempo.) Presente Presente (af.)

He sp EAks EAks to them in English every day. day. (É1 les habla en inglés todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DOES NOT sp EAk EAk to them in English every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES he sp EAk EAk to them in English every day?

Pasado (af. (af.))

The The mana manage gerr spO spOk E in meeting yesterday E in the meeting yester day.. (El gerente habló en la junta ayer.)

(neg.) The manager DID NOT spea speak in the meeting yester meeting yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the manage managerr spea speak in the meeting yester meeting yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have sp have spO Ok EN English English during the meeting. (Ellos han hablado inglés durante la junta.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT spO spOk EN English English during the meeting. (int.) Have they Have they spO spOk EN English English during the meeting? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación E-A, clasificación E-A, O-E, O-EN . Infinitivo Peter does not like to st to st EAl EAl money mo ney.. (A Pedro no le gusta robar dinero.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Tha That boy boy st EAl EAl s things from his friends. (Ese muchacho roba cosas a sus amigos.)

(neg.) (neg.) That boy DOES NOT st EAl EAl things from his friends. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that boy st EAl EAl things from his friends? Pasado (af.)

He stOl E money E money from the bank. (Él robó dinero del banco.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT stea steall money from the bank. (int (int.) .) DID DID he stea steall money from the bank? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

That That play player er has st has stO Ol EN EN many many bases in the base-ball game. (Ese jugador ha robado muchas bases en el juego de béisbol.)

(neg.) (neg.) That player player has NOT stOl EN many bases in the baseball game. has NOT stO EN many (int.)

Has that Has that player stO stOl EN EN many many bases in the base-ball game?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación E-A, clasificación E-A, O-E, OEN . Infinitivo

Mexico is not going to br to br EAk. EAk. relations with that country. (México no va a romper relaciones con ese país.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Rich Richar ardd br EAks EAks his friends’ toys. (Ricardo rompe los juguetes de sus amigos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Richards Richards DOES NOT br EAk. EAk. his friends’ toys. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Richar Richardd br EAk EAk his friends’ toys? Pasado (af.)

Paul brOk E his E his arm last week . (Pablo se rompió el brazo la semana pasada.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DID NOT brea breakk his arm last week . (int (int.) .) DID DID Paul Paul brea breakk his arm last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has br has brO Ok EN the the law many times. times. (Él ha quebrantado la ley muchas veces.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT brO brOk EN the the law many times. times. (int.)

Has he Has he brO brOk EN the the law many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación E-A, clasificación E-A, O-E, O-EN . Infinitivo Mary is learning to w to w EAve. EAve. (María está aprendiendo a hilar.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Tha That girl girl w EAves EAves beautiful cloth. (Esa muchacha hila hermosa tela.)

(neg.) (neg.) That girl DOES girl DOES NOT NOT w EAve EAve beautiful cloth. cloth. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that girl girl w EAve EAve beautiful cloth? Pasado (af. (af.))

She She wOvE wOvE this this clot clothh last year.) year.) (Ella hiló esta tela el año pasado.)

(neg.) She DID NOT weave this cloth last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID she weave weave this cloth cloth last year? Antepresente Antepresente

(af. (af.))

That That woma womann has w has wO Ov EN cloth cloth before. before. (Esa mujer ha hilado tela antes.)

(neg.) (neg.) That woman woman has NOT has NOT wO wOv EN cloth cloth before. before. (int.)

Has that Has that woman wO wOv EN cloth cloth before?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación E-A, clasificación E-A, O-E, O-EN . Infinitivo I am trying to ch to chOO OOse se a nice color. (Estoy tratando de escoger un bonito color.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Mrs. Mrs. Mill Miller er chOO chOOses ses the neckties for her husband. (La señora Miller escoge las corbatas para su esposo.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mrs. Miller Miller DOES DOES NOT NOT chOO chOOse se the neckties lor her husband. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Mrs. Mrs. Miller Miller chOO chOOse se the neckties for her husband? Pasado (af (af.)

Mothe otherr chOs E the E the curtains for the living l iving room. (Mamá escogió las cortinas para la estancia.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mother Mother DID NOT choo choose se the curtains for the living room. (int (int.) .) DID DID moth mother er choo choose se the curtains for the living room? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

The The boys boys have ch have chO Os EN John John for president. (Los muchachos han escogido a Juan para presidente.)

(neg.) (neg.) The boys have NOT have NOT chO chOs EN John John for president. (ink.) Have the Have the boys chO chOs EN John John for president? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el numero 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación E-A, clasificación E-A, O-E, O-EN . Infinitivo That food is probably going to fr to fr EEze EEze in the ice-box. (Esta comida probablemente se va a congelar en la nevera.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

This This refri refriger gerato atorr fr EEzes EEzes the ice-cubes very fast. (Este refrigerador congela los cubitos de hielo muy rápida)

(neg.) This refrigerator DOES NOT fr EEze EEze the ice-cubes very fast

(int.) DOES this refriger refrigerator ator fr EEze EEze the ice-cubes very last? Pasado (af (af.)

The The snow snow frOzE the frOzE the crops last Winter. Winter. (La nieve congeló las cosechas el invierno pasado.)

(neg.) The snow snow DID DID NOT freeze the crops crops last Winter. Winter. (int.) DID the snow freeze freeze the crops crops last Winter? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The cold cold-w -wav avee has fr has frO Oz EN the the plants this Winter. Winter. (La onda fría ha congelado las plantas este invierno.)

(neg.) (neg.) The cold-wav cold-wavee has NOT has NOT frO frOz EN the the plants this Winter. Winter. (int.)

Has the Has the cold-wave frO frOz EN the the plants this Winter?

Clasificación: OW, EW, OWN . Características: Observe la combinación ow ow como rasgo afín en el infinitivo; ew ew en el pasado y own en own en el participio pasado. Fonética: Ow suena Ow suena ou; ew como ew como tí excepto en knew que knew que suena iú y iú y own como own como óun. óun. En fly la y la y se se pronuncia ai. ai. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

OW (ou) (ou)

EW (u) (u)

OWN (óun) (óun)

1. to kn to knOW OW (saber, conocer) 2. to gr to grOW OW (crecer, cultivar) 3. to thr to thrOW OW (arrojar, lanzar) 4. to bl to blOW OW (soplar, sonarse la nariz) 5. to fly to fly (volar)

kn EW (supo, conoció) gr EW EW (creció, cultivó) thr EW EW (arrojó, lanzó) bl EW EW (soplo, se sono la nariz) fl EW EW (voló)

knOWN knOWN (sabido, conocido) grOWN grOWN (crecido, cultivado) thrOWN thrOWN (arrojado, lanzado) blOWN blOWN (soplado, sonado la nariz) flOWN flOWN (volado)

Sub-clasificación: AW Sub-clasificación: AW,, EW, EW, AWN . Características: Infinitivo aw, aw, pasado ew ew y y participio pasado awn. awn. Fonética: aw tiene aw tiene sonido de o; ew se ew se pronuncia u y awn como awn como on. on. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

(o) AW (o)

(on) EW (on)

(on) AWN (on)

1. to dr AW AW

dr EW EW

(dibujar, sacar)

(dibujó, sacó)

2. to with withdr dr AW AW

withdr EW EW

(retirar) 3. to over overdd AW (sobregirar)

(retiró) overdr EW overdr EW (sobregiró)

dr AWN dr AWN (dibujado, sacado) withdr AWN AWN (retirado) over dr AWN dr AWN (sobregirado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OW, EW, OWN .

Infinitivo I would like to kn more about that matter. to knOW OW more (Me gustaría saber más acerca de ese asunto.) Presente Presente (af.)

They knOW everything everything about sales promotion. (Ellos saben todo respecto a promoción de ventas.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT knOW knOW everything everything about sales promotion. (int (int.) .) DO they they knOW knOW everything everything about sales promotion? Pasado (af. (af.))

My gran grandf dfat athe herr kn EW London London many years ago. ago. (Mi abuelo conoció Londres hace muchos años.)

(neg.) My grandfather DID NOT know know London. London. (int.) (int.) DID my grandf grandfath ather er know know London London many years ago? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

We have kn have knOWN OWN many many things about New York. (Hemos sabido muchas cosas acerca de Nueva York.)

(neg.) (neg.) We have NOT have NOT knOWN knOWN many many things about New York. (int.) Have we Have we knOWN knOWN many many things about New York? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OW, EW, OWN . infinitivo He is going to gr to grOW OW as as tall as his father. (Él va a crecer tan alto corno su padre.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee farm farmer erss grOW grOW cotton cotton in the farm. (Esos granjeros cultivan algodón en la granja.)

(neg.) Those farmers DO NOT grOW grOW cotton cotton in the farm. (int.) (int.) DO those those farmer farmerss grOW grOW cotton cotton in the farm? Pasado (af.)

Mary gr EW as as tall as her mother. (María creció tan alta como su madre.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT grow grow as as tall as her mother. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry grow grow as as tall as her mother?


He has gr many roses in his garden. has grOWN OWN many (Él ha cultivado muchas rosas en su jardín.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT grOWN grOWN many many roses in his garden. (int.)

Has he Has he grOWN grOWN many many roses in his garden?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OW, EW, OWN . Infinitivo Peter likes to thr to thrOW OW snow-balls snow-balls to his friends. (A Pedro le gusta arrojar bolas de nieve a sus amigos.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Rich Richar ardd thr thrOW s the ball very high. (Ricardo lanza la pelota muy alto.)

(neg.) (neg.) Richard Richard DOES NOT thrOW thrOW the the ball very high. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES Richar Richardd thrOW thrOW the the ball very high? Pasado (af. (af.))

That That boy boy thr thr EW EW a a stone against the door. (Ese muchacho arrojó una piedra contra la puerta.)

(neg.) (neg.) That boy DID NOT throw throw a a stone against the door. (int.) (int.) DID that that boy throw throw a a stone against the door? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has thr has thrOWN OWN the the garbage on the floor. (Él ha tirado la basura en el piso.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT thrOWN thrOWN the the garbage on the floor. (int.)

Has he Has he thrOWN thrOWN the the garbage on the floor?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OW, EW, OWN . Infinitivo The wind is going to bl to blOW OW in in the mountains. (El viento va a soplar en las montañas.) Presente Presente (af.)

I blOW my my nose many times whenever I have a cold. (Me sueno la nariz muchas veces cuando tengo catarro.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT blOW blOW my my nose many times whenever I have a cold. (in (int.) t.)

DO I blOW blOW my my nose many times whenever I. have a cold? Pasado

(af. (af.))

The The wind wind bl EW EW very very hard yester hard yesterday day.. (El viento sopló muy fuerte ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The wind DID NOT blow blow very very hard yester hard yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the wind wind blow blow very very hard yester hard yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

John has bl has blOWN OWN his his nose many times. times. (Juan se ha sonado la nariz muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) John John has NOT has NOT blOWN blOWN his his nose many times. times. (int.)

Has John Has John blOWN blOWN his his nose many times? times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OW, EW, OWN . Infinitivo Mr. Brown likes to fly to fly on jet planes. (Al señor Brown le gusta volar en aviones de retro-propulsión.) retro-propulsión.) Presente Presente (af.)

Some birds fly to warmer warmer climates climates during during Winter. Winter. (Algunas aves vuelan a climas más cálidos durante el invierno.)

(neg.) Some birds birds DO NOT fly to warmer climates during during Winter. Winter. (int.) DO some birds fly to warmer warmer climates climates durine durine Winter? Pasado (af. (af.))

Dr. Dr. Davi Davies es fl EW EW to to New York last week . (El doctor Davies voló a Nueva York la semana pasada.)

(neg.) Dr. Dr. Davies DID NOT fly to ly to New York last week . (int.) (int.) DID Dr. Dr. Davies Davies fly to ly to New York last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

My uncl unclee has fl on jet planes many times. has flOWN OWN on times. (Mi tío ha volado en aviones de propulsión muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) My uncle uncle has NOT has NOT flOWN flOWN on on jet planes many times, times, (int.)

Has my Has my uncle flOWN flOWN on on jet planes many times?


y formas fundamentales: sub-cla-sificación sub-cla-sificación AW AW,, EW, EW, AWN . Infinitivo Peter likes to dr to dr AW AW pictures pictures on the walls. (A Pedro le gusta dibujar imágenes en las paredes.) Presente Presente (af.)

They dr AW AW money money from the from the bank every month. month. (Ellos sacan dinero del banco cada mes.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT dr AW AW money money from the from the bank every month. month. (int (int.) .) DO they they dr AW AW money money from the from the bank every month? Pasado (af.)

They dr EW EW money money from the from the bank last month. month. (Ellos sacaron dinero del banco el mes pasado.)

(neg.) They DID NOT draw money from the from the bank last month. month. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they draw money draw money from the from the bank last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr has dr has dr AWN AWN many many pictures on the blackboard. (El maestro ha dibujado muchas imágenes en el pizarrón.)

(neg.) (neg.) The teacher teacher has NOT has NOT dr AWN AWN many many pictures on the blackboard. (int.)

Has the Has the teacher dr AWN dr AWN many many pictures on the blackboard?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: subcla-sificación subcla-sificación AW, AW, EW, EW, AWN . Infinitivo The general has to winthdr to winthdr AW AW his his troops from the battlefield. (El general tiene que retirar sus tropas del campo de batalla.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The mana manage gerr with withdr dr AW AW s money from the bank every month. month. (El gerente retira dinero del banco todos los meses.)

(neg.) The manager DOES NOT withdr AW AW money money from the bank every month. month. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the manage managerr withdr withdr AW money from the bank every month? AW money Pasado (af. (af.))

The The sold soldie iers rs with withdr dr EW EW from from the battlefield. (Los soldados se retiraron del campo de batalla.)

(neg.) The soldiers DID NOT withdraw withdraw from from the battlefield.

(int.) (int.) DID the soldie soldiers rs withdr withdraw aw from from the battlefield? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

My brot brothe herr has dr has dr AWN AWN a a lot of money from the bank lately. lately. (Mi hermano ha retirado mucho dinero del banco últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) My brother brother has NOT has NOT dr AWN AWN a a lot of money from the bank lately. lately. (int.)

Has my Has my brother dr AWN a a lot of money from the bank lately?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: subcla-sificación subcla-sificación AW, AW, EW, EW, AWN . Infinitivo He does not have to overdr to overdr AW AW in in his bank account. (Él no tiene que sobregirarse en su cuenta bancaria.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

I over overddr AW in in my expenses every month. month. (Me sobregiro en mis gastos todos los meses.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT overdr overdr AW AW in in my expenses every month. month. (int (int.) .) DO I over overdr dr AW AW in in my expenses every month? Pasado (af (af.)

He overd verdrr EW EW in in his credit last month. month. (Él se sobregiró en su crédito el mes pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT overdr overdraw aw in in his credit last month. month. (int (int.) .) DID DID he over overdr draw aw in in his credit last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Mr. Mr. Brow Brownn has overdr has overdr AWN AWN in in his checks lately. lately. (El señor Brown se ha sobregirado en sus cheques últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mr. Mr. Brown Brown has NOT has NOT overdr AWN AWN in in his checks lately. lately. (int.)

Has Mr. Has Mr. Brown overdr AWN in in his checks lately?

Clasificación: AKE, Clasificación: AKE, OOK, AKEN . Características: Letras afines en el infinitivo ake, ake, en el pasado ook y en el participio pasado aken. aken. Fonética: Ake Fonética: Ake se pronuncia èie, ook tiene sonido de uc y aken aken como éiken. éiken. La tí de to undertake tiene undertake tiene sonido de o. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

AKE (éic) AKE (éic)

OOK (uc) (uc)

AKEN (éiken) (éiken)

1. to t to t AKE AKE

tOOK

(tomar, llevar)

(tomó, llevó)

2. to mist to mist AKE AKE

mistOOK mistOOK

(confundir, equivocar) 3. to undert to undert AKE AKE (emprender) 4. to sh to sh AKE (agitar, dar la mano) 5. to fors to fors AKE (abandonar)

(confundió, equivocó)

t AKEN AKEN (tornado, llevado) mist AKEN AKEN (confundido, equivocado)

undertOOK undertOOK (emprendió)

undert AKEN AKEN (emprendido)

shOOK shOOK (agito, dio la mano)

sh AKEN (agitado, dado la mano)

forsOOK forsOOK (abandonó)

fors AKEN (abandonado)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AKE, clasificación AKE, OOK, AKEN . Infinitivo Their father likes to t to t AKE them AKE them to the amusement park. (A su padre le gusta llevarlos al parque de diversión.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The secr secret etar aryy t AKEs AKEs dictation every day. day. (La secretaria toma dictado todos los días.)

(neg.) The secretary DOES NOT t AKE dictation AKE dictation every day. day. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the secre secretar taryy t AKE dictation AKE dictation every day? Pasado (af.)

John tOOK the the boy to the circus yester circus yesterday day.. (Juan llevó al niño al circo ayer.) ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT take the ake the boy to the circus yester circus yesterday day..

(int (int.) .) DID DID John John take the ake the boy to the circus yester circus yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have t have t AKEN AKEN an an English course during this year. (Ellos han tomado un curso de inglés durante este año.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT t AKEN AKEN an an English course during this year. (int.) Have they Have they t AKEN AKEN an an English course during this year? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AKE, clasificación AKE, OOK, AKEN . Infinitivo I DO NOT want to mist to mist AKE you AKE you for another person. (No quiero confundirte con otra persona.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

You mist mist AKE your AKE your calculations frequently. frequently. (Te equivocas en tus cálculos frecuentemente.)

(neg.) You DO NOT mist AKE your AKE your calculations frequently. frequently. (int (int.) .) DO you you mist mist AKE your AKE your calculations frequently? Pasado (af (af.)

Mary ary mis mistOOK John John for Charles yester Charles yesterday day.. (María confundió a Juan por Carlos ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT mistake mistake John John for Charles yester Charles yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID Ma Mary ry mista mistake ke John John for Charles yester Charles yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

I have mist have mist AKEN AKEN my my calculations. (Me he equivocado en mis cálculos.)

(neg (neg.) .) I have NOT have NOT mist AKEN AKEN my my calculations. (int.) Have I Have I mist AKEN AKEN my my calculations? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AKE, clasificación AKE, OOK, AKEN . Infinitivo He is going to undert to undert AKE a AKE a long trip around the world. (Él va a emprender un largo viaje alrededor del mundo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee men men unde undert rt AKE new AKE new activities frequently. frequently.

(Esos hombres emprenden nuevas actividades frecuentemente.) (neg.) Those men DO NOT undert AKE new AKE new activities frequently. (int.) (int.) DO those those men undert undert AKE new AKE new activities frequently? Pasado (af. (af.))

John John unde undert rtOOK OOK an an important task last month. month. (Juan emprendió una tarea importante el mes pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT undert undert AKE an AKE an important task last month. month. (int.) (int.) DID John John undert undertake ake an an important task last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have undert have undert AKEN AKEN another another rehabilitation plan. (Ellos han emprendido otro plan de rehabilitación.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT undert AKEN AKEN another another rehabilitation plan. (int.) Have they Have they undert AKEN AKEN another another rehabilitation plan? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AKE, clasificación AKE, OOK, AKEN . Infinitivo I like to sh to sh AKE hands AKE hands with my friends. (Me gusta dar la mano a mis amigos.) Presente Presente (af.)

I sh AKE hands AKE hands with my friends. (Yo doy la mano a mis amigos.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT sh AKE hands AKE hands with my friends. (in (int.) t.)

DO I sh AKE hands AKE hands with my friends? Pasado

(af (af.)

Rob Robert ert shOOK shOOK hands hands with us last night . (Roberto nos dio la mano anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) Robert Robert DID NOT shake shake hands hands with us last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID Robe Robert rt shake shake hands hands with us last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The nurs nursee has sh has sh AKEN the the medicine according to instructions. (La enfermera ha agitado la medicina de acuerdo con las instrucciones.)

(neg.) (neg.) The nurse nurse has NOT has NOT sh AKEN the the medicine according to instructions. (int.)

Has the Has the nurse sh AKEN sh AKEN the the medicine according to instructions?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación AKE, clasificación AKE, OOK, AKEN . Infinitwo He is not going to fors to fors AKE his AKE his relatives. (Él no va a abandonar a sus familiares.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The They fors ors AKE their AKE their families when they grow up. (Ellos abandonan a sus familias cuando crecen.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT fors AKE their AKE their families when they grow up. (int (int.) .) DO they they fors fors AKE their AKE their families when they grow up? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The tigre tigress ss fors forsOOK her cubs when they grew up. OOK her (La tigresa abandonó a sus cachorros cuando crecieron.)

(neg.) The tigress DID NOT forsake forsake her her cubs when they grew up. (int.) (int.) DID the tigre tigress ss fors forsake her ake her cubs when they grew up? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has fors has fors AKEN them. them. (Él los ha abandonado.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT fors AKEN them. them. (int.)

Has he Has he fors AKEN them? them?

Clasificación: EAR, Clasificación: EAR, ORE, ORN . Características: Ear Características: Ear es es el rasgo afín en el infinitivo, ore en ore en el pasado y orn en orn en el participio pasado. Fonética: Las letras afines en el infinitivo se pronuncian er, er, las del pasado or or y las del participio pasado orn. orn. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

EAR (er) EAR (er)

ORE (or) ORE (or)

ORN (orn) (orn)

1. to w to w EAR (usar, llevar puesto) 2. to t to t EAR EAR (desgarrar, arrancar) 3. to sw to sw EAR (jurar, blasfemar) 4. to b to b EAR

wORE (usó, llevó puesto)

wORN (usado, llevado puesto)

tORE (desgarró, arrancó)

tORN (desgarrado, arrancado)

swORE swORE (juró, blasfemó)

swORN swORN (jurado, blasfemado)

bORE

bORN

(parir, dar fruto, soportar) (parió, dio fruto, soportó) (parido, dado fruto, soportado) Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EAR, clasificación EAR, ORE, ORN . Infinitivo Mary likes to w to w EAR beautiful EAR beautiful dresses. (A María le gusta usar vestidos hermosos.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Some Some stud studen ents ts w EAR a EAR a necktie in school. (Algunos estudiantes usan corbata en la escuela.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some students students DO NOT NOT w EAR a EAR a necktie in school. (int.) (int.) DO some some studen students ts w EAR a EAR a necktie in school? Pasado (af.)

Helen wORE a ORE a blue dress in the party last night . (Elena llevó puesto un vestido azul en la fiesta de anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) Helen DID NOT wear a wear a blue dress in the party last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID Hele Helenn wear a wear a blue dress in the party last night? Antepresente Antepresente

(af. (af.))

Mrs. Mrs. Taylo aylorr has w has wORN ORN her her jewels in every party. party. (La señora Taylor ha llevado puestas sus joyas en cada fiesta.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mrs. Taylor has NOT has NOT wORN wORN her her jewels in every party. party. (int.)

Has Mrs. Has Mrs. Taylor wORN wORN her her jewels in every party?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EAR, clasificación EAR, ORE, ORN . Infinitivo The dog was trying to t to t EAR his EAR his clothes. (El perro estaba tratando de desgarrar su ropa. Presente Presente (af. (af.))

That That little little boy boy t EARs EARs his clothes when he is angry. (Ese muchachito desgarra su ropa cuando se enoja.)

(neg.) (neg.) That little boy DOES NOT EAR his tEAR his clothes when he is angry. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES that that boy t EAR his EAR his clothes when he is angry? Pasado (af.)

Mary tORE a ORE a page from her book yester book yesterday day.. (María arrancó una página de su libro ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT tear a ear a page from her book yester book yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry tear a ear a page from her book yester book yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

The The dog dog has t has tORN ORN the the curtains in the parlor. (El perro ha desgarrado las cortinas en la sala.)

(neg.) (neg.) The dog has NOT has NOT tORN tORN the the curtains in the parlor. (int.)

Has the Has the dog tORN tORN the the curtains in the parlor?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 número 3 en en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EAR, clasificación EAR, ORE, ORN . Infinitivo That man likes to sw to sw EAR in EAR in front of the children. (A ese hombre le gusta blasfemar en frente de los niños.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee boys boys sw EAR in EAR in front of their teacher. (Esos muchachos blasfeman en frente de su maestro.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those boys boys DO NOT NOT sw EAR in EAR in front of their teacher.

(int.) (int.) DO those those boys boys sw EAR in EAR in front of their teacher? Pasado (af.)

He swORE to ORE to tell the truth (Él juró decir la verdad.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT swear swear to to tell the truth. (int (int.) .) DID DID he swear swear to to tell the truth? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

You have sw have swORN ORN to to tell the truth. (Usted ha jurado decir la verdad.)

(neg.) (neg.) You have NOT have NOT swORN swORN to to tell the truth. (int.) Have you Have you swORN swORN to to tell the truth? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación EAR, clasificación EAR, ORE, ORN . infinitivo We do not have to b to b EAR that EAR that noise. (No tenemos que soportar ese ruido.) Presente Presente (af.)

You b EAR the EAR the pain without moaning. (Tú soportas el dolor sin quejarte.)

(neg.) You DO NOT b EAR the EAR the pain without moaning. (int (int.) .) DO you you b EAR the EAR the pain without moaning? Pasado (af. (af.))

This This appl applee-tr tree ee bORE many ORE many apples last year. year. (Este manzano dio muchas manzanas el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) This apple-tre apple-treee DID DID NOT NOT bear bear many many apples last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID this this appleapple-tre treee bear many ear many apples last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

That That fema female le-d -dog og has b has bORN ORN many many little puppies. (Esa perra ha parido muchos cachorritos.)

(neg.) (neg.) That female-d female-dog og has NOT has NOT bORN bORN many many little puppies. (int.)

Has that Has that female-dog bORN bORN many many little puppies?

Clasificación: I-E, Clasificación: I-E, A-E, I-EN . Características: El rasgo común en el infinitivo es i-e, i-e, en el pasado a-e y a-e y en el participio pasado i-en. i-en. Fonética Tanto la i del infinitivo como del participio pasado tienen casi el mismo sonido que en español, o sea, un sonido intermedio i ntermedio entre la i y la e (i/e). (i/e). En el infinitivo y el pasado la e es muda y en éste la vocal a se pronuncia ei, ei, en tanto que en suena en suena igual que en castellano. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

( I-E) I-E)

( A-E) A-E)

( I-EN I-EN )

1. to g to g I v E (dar) 2. to forg to forg I v E (perdonar) 3. to forb to forb I d (prohibir) 4. to b to b I d (ofrecer, despedir* despedir *)

g Av Av E (dió)

g I v EN (dado)

forg Av Av E (perdonó)

torg I v EN (perdonado)

forb Ad Ad E (prohibió)

forb I dd dd EN (prohibido)

b Ad Ad E (ofreció, despidió)

b I dd dd EN (ofrecido, despedido)

NOTA: NOTA: Observe que to forbid y forbid y to bid no bid no terminan en e en el infinitivo. * To bid farewell significa farewell significa despedirse.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, A-E, TEN . Infinitivo I am going to g to g I v E him E him a reward for his efforts. (Voy a darle a él una recompensa por sus esfuerzos.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The The boss boss g I v Es Es us many presents every Christmas. Christmas. (El jefe nos da muchos regalos cada navidad.)

(neg.) (neg.) The boss DOES NOT g I v E us E us many presents every Christmas. Christmas. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the boss boss g I v E us E us many presents every Christmas? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The mana manage gerr g Av Av E him E him his profits sharing last year. year. (El gerente le dio a él su reparto de utilidades el año pasado.)

(neg.) The manager DID NOT give give him him his profits sharing last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID the manage managerr give give him him his profits sharing last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Thei Theirr fath father er has g has g I v EN them them very much money. (Su padre les ha dado mucho dinero.)

(neg.) (neg.) Their father father has NOT has NOT g I v EN them them very much money. (int.)

Has their Has their father g I v EN them them very much money?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, A-E, I-EN . Infinitivo I beg you to forg to forg I v E me E me for my delay. (Le ruego me perdone por mi tardanza.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

Mother Mother and father father forg forg I v E our E our wrongdoings. (Mamá y papá perdonan nuestras faltas.)

(neg.) Mother and father DO NOT forg I v E our E our wrongdoings. (int.) DO mother mother and father father forg forg I v E our E our wrongdoings? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr for forg Av Av E John E John yester yesterday day.. (El maestro perdonó a Juan ayer.)

(neg.) The teacher DID NOT forgive forgive John John yester yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the teache teacherr forg forgiive John ve John yester yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Our Our fath father er has forg has forg I v EN our our debts. (Nuestro padre ha perdonado nuestras deudas.)

(neg.) (neg.) Our father father has NOT has NOT forg I v EN our our debts. (int.)

Has our Has our father forg IVEN forg IVEN our our debts?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado coi. el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, A-E, I-EN . Infinitivo The principal will have to forb to forb I d smoking in school. (El director tendrá que prohibir fumar en la escuela.) Presente Presente

(af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr forb forb I ds ds conversation in the classroom. (El maestro prohíbe la conversación en el aula.)

(neg.) The teacher DOES NOT forb I d conversation in the classroom. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES the teache teacherr forb forb I d conversation in the classroom? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The doct doctor or forb forb AdE him AdE him liquor and tobacco. (El doctor le prohibió a él el licor y el tabaco.)

(neg.) (neg.) The doctor doctor DID DID NOT NOT forbi forbid him liquor and tobacco. (int.) (int.) DID the doctor doctor forb forbid him liquor and tobacco? t obacco? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has forb has forb I dd dd EN us us to smoke in school. (Él nos ha prohibido fumar en la escuela.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT forb I dd dd EN us us to smoke in school. (int.)

Has he Has he forb I dd dd EN us us to smoke in school?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, A-E, I EN . infinitivo He likes to b to b I d. d. in the auctions. (A él le gusta ofrecer en las subastas.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Rob Robert ert b I ds ds farewell to his friends when he goes away. (Roberto se despide de sus amigos cuando él se aleja.)

(neg.) (neg.) Robert Robert DOES NOT b I d farewell to his friends when he goes away. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Robe Robert rt b I d farewell to his friends when he goes away? Pasado (af (af.)

Tha That man man b Ad Ad E too E too much in the auction yester auction yesterday day.. (Ese hombre ofreció demasiado en la subasta ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) That man DID NOT bid too much in the auction yester auction yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID that that man man bid too much in the auction yester auction yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

That That bidd bidder er has b has b I dd dd EN high high amounts of money. (Ese postor ha ofrecido altas cantidades de dinero.)

(neg.) (neg.) That bidder bidder has NOT has NOT b I dd dd EN high high amounts of money.

(int.)

Has that Has that bidder b I dd dd EN high high amounts of money?

Clasificación: ET Clasificación: ET,, OT, OT, OTTEN . Características: Infinitivo et: pasado et: pasado ot; y ot; y participio pasado otten. otten. Fonética: Igual que en español excepto lagque se pronuncia como en gato. gato. La primera e en lo beg lo beget et tiene tiene sonido de i latina. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

( ET ET )

(OT )

(OTTEN )

1. to g to g ET

gOT

(conseguir)

(consiguió)

2. to forg to forg ET

forgOT forgOT

(olvidar)

(conseguido) forgOTTEN forgOTTEN

(olvido)

3. to beg to beg ET (engendrar, causar)

gOTTEN (o (o got)

(olvidado)

begOT begOT

begOTTEN begOTTEN

(engendró, causó)

(engendrado, (engendrado, causado)

Sub-clasificación: EN Sub-clasificación: EN (participio (participio pasado). Características: El rasgo afin en el participio pasado es la terminación EN terminación EN . Fonética: Pronúnciese ea ea como i latina y la a de ate ate con sonido et. En fall, fallen la a suena como o y la ll como ll como l castellana. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado ( EN EN )

1. to eat eat (comer) 2. to fall to fall (caer)

ate

eat EN EN

(comió)

(comido)

fell

tall EN EN

(cayó

(caído)

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, OT, OT, OTTEN . Infinitivo They would like to g to g ET a a good price. (A ellos les gustarla conseguir un buen precio.) Presente Presente (af.)

I g ET good good profits every year. year. (Yo consigo buenas utilidades todos los años.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT g ET profits profits every year. year. (in (int.) t.)

DO I g ET good good profits every year? Pasado

(af.)

John gOT a a ten per cent discount in that purchase. (Juan consiguió un diez por ciento de descuento en esa compra.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT get a a ten per cent discount in that purchase. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John get a a ten per cent discount in that purchase? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have g have gOTTEN OTTEN (o (o got ) two seats for the theater. (Ellos han conseguido dos asientos para el teatro.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT gOTTEN gOTTEN (o (o got got ) two seats two seats for the theater. (int.) Have they Have they gOTTEN gOTTEN (o (o got got ) two seats for the theater? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, OT, OT, OTTEN . Infinitivo She is trying to forg to forg ET that that horrible accident. (Ella está tratando de olvidar ese horrible accidente.) Presente Presente (af.)

I forg ET my my keys when I am in a hurry. (Yo olvido mis llaves cuando estoy de prisa.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT forg forg ET my my keys when I ham in a hurry. (int (int.) .) DO I for forg ET my my keys when I am in a hurry? Pasado (af.)

He forgOT to to bring his camera yester camera yesterday day.. (Él olvidó traer su cámara ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT forget forget to to bring his camera yester camera yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID he for forget to to bring his camera yester camera yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Mary has forg her teacher’s address. has forgOTTEN OTTEN her (María ha olvidado la dirección de su maestra.)

(neg.) (neg.) Ma Mary ry has NOT has NOT forgOTTEN forgOTTEN her her teacher’s address. (int.)

Has Mary Has Mary forgOTTEN forgOTTEN her her teacher’s address?


y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, OT, OT, OTTEN . Infinitivo That stallion will have to beg to beg ET fine fine horses. (Ese caballo padre tendrá que engendrar magníficos caballos.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

This This bull bull beg beg ET s fine specimens. (Este toro engendra magníficos ejemplares.)

(neg.) (neg.) This bull DOES NOT beg ET fine fine specimens. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES this this bull bull beg beg ET fine fine specimens? Pasado (af. (af.))

That That patr patria iarc rchh beg begOT many many children. (Ese patriarca engendró muchos hijos.)

(neg.) That patriarch DID NOT beget beget many many children. (int.) (int.) DID that that patria patriarch rch beget beget many many children? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

This This stal stalli lion on has beg has begOTTEN OTTEN a a lot of specimens. (Este caballo padre ha engendrado muchos ejemplares.)

(neg.) (neg.) This stallion stallion has NOT has NOT begOTTEN begOTTEN a a lot of specimens. (int.)

Has this Has this stallion begOTTEN begOTTEN a a lot of specimens?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales sub-cla-sificación sub-cla-sificación EN EN (participio (participio pasado). Infinitivo I would like to eat to eat chicken salad. (Me gustaría comer ensalada de pollo.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

They They eat dinner dinner in a resta restaura urant nt every day. day. (Ellos comen en un restaurante todos los días.)

(neg.) They DO NOT eat dinner dinner in a restaurant restaurant every day. day. (int.) DO they eat dinner dinner in a restaura restaurant nt every day? Pasado (af. (af.))

John John ate ate pork pork chop chopss yesterday yesterday.. (Juan comió chuletas de puerco ayer.)

(neg.) John DID NOT eat pork chops yester chops yesterday day..

(int.) DID John eat pork chops chops yesterday? yesterday? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

We have eat have eat EN EN shrimps shrimps many times. times. (Hemos comido camarones muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) We have NOT have NOT eat EN EN shrimps shrimps many times. times. (int.) Have we Have we eat EN EN shrimps shrimps many times? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: sub-cla sificación EN sificación EN (participio (participio pasado). Infinitivo He is going to fall to fall if he keeps on skating. (Él va a caerse si sigue patinando.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

Henry Henry falls falls when when he skates skates.. (Enrique se cae cuando patina.)

(neg.) Henry DOES NOT fall when he skates. (int.) DOES Henry Henry fall when he skates? skates? Pasado (af.) (af.)

Henry Henry fell fell when when he was skatin skatingg yesterday yesterday.. (Enrique se cayó cuando estaba patinando ayer.)

(neg.) Henry DID NOT NOT fall when when he was skating skating yester yesterday day (int.) DID Henry Henry fall when he was skating skating yester yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has fall has fall EN many EN many times while times while skating. (Él se ha caído muchas veces al patinar.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT fall EN many EN many times while times while skating. (int.)

Has he Has he fall EN EN many times while times while skating?

Clasificación: OME, AME, OME. OME. Características: El rasgo afín en el infinitivo son las letras orne; en orne; en el pasado ame y ame y en el participio pasado orne. orne. Nótese que el rasgo del infinitivo y el participio pasado son idénticos. Fonética: Pronúncíese om, eim, om respectivamente om respectivamente las letras afines. Infinitivo

Pasado

Participio Pasado

(OME) OME)

( AME) AME)

(OME) OME)

1. to c to cOME OME

c AME

(venir)

cOME

(vino)

2. to bec to becOME OME**

bec AME

(llegar a ser, volverse)

becOME becOME

(llegó a ser, se volvió)

3. to ovzrc to ovzrcOME OME (sobreponerse, sobre)

(venido)

overc AME triunfar (se sobrepuso, sobre)

(llegado a ser, convert ido) overcOME overcOME

triunfó (sobrepuesto, sobre)

triunfado

* El verbo to become cuando become cuando va seguido de algunos adjetivos adquiere distintos significados. Ejemplos:

to become impatient = = impacientarse to become angry

= enojarse

to become rich

= enriquecerse enriquecerse

to become crazy

= volverse loco

to become red red

= sonrojarse

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número l en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OME, AME, OME. OME. Infinitivo They like to c to cOME OME here here on week-ends. (A ellos les gusta venir aqui los fines de semana.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My frie friend ndss cOME for OME for dinner on Sundays. (Mis amigos vienen a comer los domingos.)

(neg.) (neg.) My friends friends DO NOT cOME for OME for dinner on Sundays. (int.) (int.) DO my friend friendss cOME for OME for dinner on Sundays? Pasado (af.)

Henry c AME here AME here yester yesterday day..

(Enrique vino aquí ayer.) (neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DID NOT come here come here yester yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Henr Henryy come here come here yester yesterday? day? A ntepresente ntepresente (af. (af.))

The The tour touris ists ts have c have cOME OME to to this place many times. times. (Los turistas han venido a este lugar muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) The tourists tourists have NOT have NOT cOME cOME to to this place many times. times. (int.) Have the Have the tourists cOME cOME to to this place many times! Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OME, AME, OME. OME. Infinitivo Paul wants to bec a lawyer. to becOME OME a (Pablo quiere llegar a ser abogado.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The They bec ecOME OME impatient impatient with the children. (Ellos se impacientan con los niños.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT becOME becOME impatient impatient with the children. (int (int.) .) DO they they bec becOME impatient OME impatient with the children? Pasado (af. (af.))

Mr. Mr. John Johnso sonn bec bec AME président AME président last year. year. (El señor Johnson llegó a ser presidente el año pasado.)

(neg.) Mr. Mr. Johnson Johnson DID NOT become become president president last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID Mr. Mr. Johnso Johnsonn become become president president last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

My uncl unclee has bec has becOME OME United United States citizen. (Mi tío ha llegado a ser ciudadano de los Estados Unidos.)

(neg.) (neg.) My uncle uncle has NOT has NOT becOME becOME United United States citizen. (int.)

Has my Has my uncle becOME becOME United United States citizen?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación OME, AME, OME. OME. Infinitivo You have to overc to overcOME OME pain. pain. (Tienes que sobreponerte al dolor.)

Presente Presente (af.)

I overcOME fear OME fear during earthquakes. (Me sobrepongo al miedo durante los temblores de tierra.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT overc overcOME fear OME fear during earthquakes. (int (int.) .) DO 1 over overccOME fear OME fear during earthquakes? Pasado (af (af.)

He overc verc AME pain AME pain after his operation. (Él se sobrepuso al dolor después de su operación.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT overcome overcome pain pain after his operation. (int (int.) .) DID DID he over overcome come pain pain after his operation? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Rob Robert ert has overc has overcOME OME his his handicap. (Roberto ha triunfado sobre su defecto fisico.)

(neg.) (neg.) Rober Robertt has NOT has NOT overcOMZE overcOMZE his his handicap. (int.)

Has Robert Has Robert overcOME overcOME his his handicap?

Clasificaciones: A, Clasificaciones: A, B y B y C (Afinidad (Afinidad en el Participio Pasado solamente). Características: Las tres clasificaciones A, B y C son desafines entre sí en el presente y pasado. La primera tiene como rasgo mnemotécnico la terminación AIN en sus participios pasados. La segunda, la terminación EEN terminación EEN . Y la tercera ONE en ONE en el participio pasado y O que es común en el infinitivo. Fonética: Pronúnciese ein, in y in y on respectivamente on respectivamente dichos rasgos mnemotécnicos.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A clasificación A.. Infinitivo He had to lie to lie on the floor during the shooting.

(Él tuvo que tenderse en el piso durante el tiroteo.) Presente Presente (af.)

Mr. Mr. Taylor’s aylor’s tomb lies in the National National Cementery Cementery.. (La tumba del señor Taylor está en el Cementerio Nacional)

(neg.) Mr. Mr. Taylor’s Taylor’s tomb DOES NOT lie in the National Cementery. Cementery. (int.)

DOES Mr. Mr. Taylor’s tomb lie in the National Cementery? Pasado

(af.)

He lay unconscio unconscious us when he was hurt. (Él yació inconsciente cuando fue herido.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT lie unconscious lie unconscious when he was hurt. (int (int.) .) DID DID he lie unconscious lie unconscious when he was hurt? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The dead dead body body has I has I AIN AIN on on the floor for hours. (El cadáver ha yacido en el piso por horas.)

(neg.) (neg.) The dead body has NOT has NOT I AIN AIN on on the floor for hours. (int.)

Has the Has the dead body I AIN I AIN on on the floor for hours?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación A clasificación A.. Infinitivo He didn’t have to slay to slay that man. (Él no tenia que matar a ese hombre.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

They They slay slay innoce innocent nt people people.. (Ellos matan a gente inocente.)

(neg.) They DO NOT slay innocent people. (int.) DO they slay innocent innocent people? people? Pasado (af. (af.))

He slew slew a man man last week . (Él le quitó la vida a un hombre la semana pasada.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT slay a slay a man last week . (int (int.) .) DID DID he slay a slay a man last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have sl have sl AIN AIN many many innocent people during the war.

(Ellos han matado a muchas personas inocentes durante la guerra.) (neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT many innocent people during the war. have NOT sl AIN AIN many (int.) Have they Have they sl AIN AIN many many innocent people during the war? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación B. Infinitivo We have to be to be prepared in case of emergency. (Tenemos que estar preparados en caso de emergencia.) Presente Presente (af.)

Henry IS busy IS busy in the morning. morning. (Enrique está ocupado en la mañana.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry IS NOT busy in the morning. IS NOT morning. (int.)

IS Henry IS Henry busy in the morning? Pasado

(af.)

Alice ice WAS sick AS sick yester yesterday day.. (Alicia estuvo enferma ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Alice Alice WAS NOT AS NOT sick yester sick yesterday day.. (int.)

WAS Alice AS Alice sick yester sick yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente

(af.)

They have b have b EEN friends friends since a long time ago. ago. (Ellos han sido amigos desde hace muchos años.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT b EEN friends friends since a long time ago. ago. (int.) Have they Have they b EEN friends friends since a long time ago? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación B. Infinitivo She would like to she to she her Mexican friends again. (A ella le gustarla ver a sus amigos mexicanos otra vez.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

They They see see him him very very often. often. (Ellos lo ven muy seguido.)

(neg.) They DO NOT see him very often. often. (int.) (int.) DO they they see him very very often?

Pasado (af. (af.))

Mary Ma ry saw saw Char Charle less yesterday yesterday.. (María vio a Carlos ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT see Charles see Charles yester yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry see Charles see Charles yester yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

We have s have s EEN many many cow-boy pictures. (Hemos visto muchas películas de vaqueros.)

(neg.) (neg.) We have NOT have NOT s EEN many many cow-boy pictures. (int.) Have we Have we s EEN many many cow-boy pictures? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación B. Infinitivo You have to foresee to foresee unexpected accidents. (Usted tiene que prever accidentes inesperados.) Presente Presente (af.)

The chief engineer engineer foresees foresees everythin everythingg at the plant. plant. (El ingeniero en jefe prevé todo en la planta.)

(neg.) The chief engineer DOES NOT foresee everything at the plant. plant. (int.) DOES the chief engineer engineer foresee foresee everythin everythingg at the plant? plant? Pasado (af.)

He foresaw foresaw every every detail detail in the maintenan maintenance ce departmen department.t. (Él previó todos los detalles en el departamento de mantenimiento.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT foresee every foresee every detail in the t he maintenance department. (int (int.) .) DID DID the the foresee every foresee every detail in the t he maintenance department? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has fores has fores EEN every every work accident. (Él ha previsto todos los accidentes de trabajo.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT every work accident. has NOT fores EEN every (int.)

Has he Has he fores EEN every every work accident?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación C. Infinitivo

I have to d to doo this assignment right now. (Tengo que hacer esta asignación en seguida.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Some Some hous housew ewiv ives es do their chores every day. day. (Algunas amas de casa hacen sus labores domésticos todos los días.)

(neg.) Some housewives DO NOT do their chores every day. day. (int.) (int.) DO some some housew housewive ivess do their chores every day? Pasado (af.) (af.)

Helen Helen did her home-w home-work ork last night . (Elena hizo su tarea t area anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) Helen DID NOT do her home-work last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID Hele Helenn do her home-work last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have d have dONE ONE a a good work lately. lately. (Ellos han hecho un buen trabajo últimamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT dONE dONE a a good work lately. lately. (int.) Have they Have they dONE dONE a a good work lately? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación C . Infinitivo I wish to g to goo to a picnic next Sunday. (Deseo ir a un día de campo el próximo domingo.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Some Some stud studen ents ts go to school on Saturday. (Algunos estudiantes van a la escuela el sábado.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some students students DO NOT NOT go to school on Saturday. (int.) (int.) DO some some studen students ts go to school on Saturday? Pasado (af.) (af.)

John John went went to New York last year. year. (Juan fue a Nueva York el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT go to New York last year. year. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John go to New York last year? Antepresente Antepresente

(af.)

They have g have gONE ONE to to the theater. (Ellos han ido al teatro.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT gONE gONE to to the theater. (int.) Have they Have they gONE gONE to to the theater? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación C . Infinitivo He does not want to underg to undergoo that surgical operation. (Él no quiere someterse a esa operación quirúrgica.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My aunt aunt unde underg rgooes medical treatments very often. often. (Mi tía se somete a tratamientos médicos muy seguido.)

(neg.) My aunt DOES NOT undergo undergo medical treatments very often. often. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my aunt aunt under underggo medical treatments very often? Pasado (af.)

Paul underwen underwentt a surgical surgical operation operation last week . (Pablo se sometió a una operación quirúrgica la semana pasada.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DID NOT underg undergoo a surgical surgical operation last week . (int.) (int.) DID Paul Paul under underggo a surgical operation last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has underg has undergONE ONE two two surgical operations. operations. (Ella se ha sometido a dos operaciones quirúrgicas.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT undergONE undergONE two two surgical operations. operations. (int.)

Has she Has she undergONE undergONE two two surgical surgical operations?

TERCER GRUPO VERBOS CON FORMAS IDÉNTICAS EN EL INFINITIVO, PASADO Y PARTICIPIO PASADO Clasificación: ET Clasificación: ET,, ET, con variantes EAD variantes EAD y y EAT ET, ET con EAT . Características: La combinación et es el rasgo común en sus tres formas excepto en to spread, to sweat y y to beat . Fonética: Pronúncíese et esta característica común. Las vocales ea en spread y sweat sweat tienen sonido de e castellana, en tanto que la combinación ea en beat suena i. Sin embargo, advierta que en todos estos verbos predomina el sonido de la vocal e, excluyendo a to beat . Infinitivo 1. to l to l ET ET (dejar, permitir) 2. to s to s ET (fijar, poner) 3. to w to w ET (mojar, humedecer)

Pasado l ET ET (dejó, permitió) s ET (fijó, puso) w ET (mojó, humedeció)

4. to b to b ET

b ET

(apostar)

(apostó)

5. to spr to spr EAD EAD (extender, desplegar) 6. to sw to sw EAT * (sudar) 7. to b to b EAT ** ** (batir, golpear, veneer)

spr EAD EAD (extendió, desplegó) sw EAD (sudó)

Participio Pasado l ET ET (dejado, permitido) s ET (fijado, puesto) w ET (mojado, humedecido) b ET (apostado) spr EAD EAD (extendido, desplegado) sw EAT (sudado)

b EAT (batió, golpeó, venció)

b EAT (batido, golpeado, vencido)

* Este verbo puede también ser regular ser regular (to sweat-sweatiii). ** Su participio pasado también puede ser beaten. ** Su puede significar asimismo latir (the beaten. Por otra parte, to beat puede latir (the heart beats: beats: late el corazón) al igual que tocar ( tocar (to to beat the the drum: tocar el tambor).

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número l en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, ET, ET, ET . Infinitivo I am going to l you use my English book. to l ET ET you

(Te voy a permitir usar mi libro de inglés.) Presente Presente (af.)

I l ET ET my my friends play in the backyard. (Yo dejo a mis amigos jugar en el patio trasero.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT l ET ET my my friends play in the backyard. (in (int.) t.)

DO I l ET ET my my friends play in the backyard? Pasado

(af. (af.))

The The teac teache herr l ET ET him him go home early yester early yesterday day.. (El maestro le permitió a él ir a su casa temprano ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The teacher teacher DID NOT let him him go home early yester early yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the teache teacherr let him him go home early yester early yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Our Our pare parent ntss have l have l ET ET us us travel during the Summer. (Nuestros padres nos han dejado viajar durante el verano.)

(neg.) (neg.) Our parents parents have NOT have NOT lET us travel during the Summer. (int.) Have our Have our parents 1 ET 1 ET us us travel during the Summer? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, ET, ET, ET . Infinitivo The manager is going to s to s ET the the date for the next meeting. (El gerente va a fijar la fecha para la próxima junta.) Presente Presente (af.)

Mary s ET s the table every day. day. (María pone la mesa todos los días.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DOES NOT s ET the the table every day. day. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Ma Mary ry s ET the the table every day? Pasado (af.)

You s ET the the clock on time yester time yesterday day.. (Usted puso el reloj en hora ayer.)

(neg.) You DID NOT set the the clock on time yester time yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID you you set the the clock on time yester time yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have s have s ET the the date for the next meeting.

(Ellos han fijado la fecha para la próxima junta.) (neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT the date for the next meeting. have NOT s ET the (int.) Have they Have they s ET the the date for the next meeting? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, ET, ET, ET . Infinitivo I think this rain is going to w to w ET the the dry fields soon. (Yo creo que esta lluvia va a mojar los campos secos pronto.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

The The rain rainss w ET this this region during this season. (Las lluvias mojan esta región durante esta estación.)

(neg.) (neg.) The rains rains DO DO NOT NOT w ET this this region during this season. (int (int.) .) DO the the rain rainss w ET this this region during this season? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The gard garden ener er w ET the the grass last week . (El jardinero mojó el césped la semana pasada.)

(neg.) The gardener DID NOT w ET the the grass last week . (int.) (int.) DID the garden gardener er w ET the the grass last week? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The woma womann has w has w ET the the clothes before ironing them. (La mujer ha humedecido la ropa antes de plancharla.)

(neg.) (neg.) The woman woman has NOT has NOT w ET the the clothes before ironing them? (int.)

Has the Has the woman w ET the the clothes before ironing them?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, ET, ET, ET . Infinitiifo He likes to b to b ET money money in the horse races. (A él le gusta apostar dinero en las carreras de caballos.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Some Some gamb gamble lers rs b ET money money in every horse-race. every horse-race. (Algunos jugadores apuestan dinero en todas las carreras de caballos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some gamblers gamblers DO NOT NOT b ET money money in every horserace. every horserace. (int.) (int.) DO some some gamble gamblers rs b ET money money in every horse-race? every horse-race?

Pasado (af.)

He b ET too too much money in the last race. race. (Él apostó demasiado dinero en la última carrera.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT bet too too much money in the last race. race. (int (int.) .) DID DID he bet too too much money in the last race? race? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

John has b has b ET them them very much money in the horse-races. (Juan les ha apostado mucho dinero en las carreras de caballos.)

(neg.) (neg.) John John has NOT has NOT b ET them them very much money in the horse-races. (int.)

Has John Has John b ET them them very much money in the horse-races?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, ET, ET, ET . Variante: EAD, Variante: EAD, EAD, EAD. EAD. Infinitivo The dying eagle was trying to spr to spr EAD its EAD its wings in vain. (El águila moribunda estaba tratando de extender sus alas en vano.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Some Some bird birdss spr spr EAD their EAD their wings as they fly. (Algunas aves extienden las alas cuando vuelan.)

(neg.) (neg.) Some birds DO NOT NOT spr EAD their EAD their wings as they fly. (int.) (int.) DO some some birds birds spr EAD their EAD their wings as they fly? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The epid epidem emic ic spr spr EAD over EAD over the city very quickly. (La epidemia se extendió sobre la ciudad muy rápidamente.)

(neg.) (neg.) The epidemie epidemie DID NOT spread over spread over the city very quickly. (int.) (int.) DID the epidem epidemic ic spread over spread over the city very quickly? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The infe infect ctio ionn has spr has spr EAD all EAD all over his wound. (La infección se ha extendido por toda su herida.)

(neg.) (neg.) The infection infection has NOT has NOT spr EAD all EAD all over his wound. (int.)

Has the Has the infection spr EAD spr EAD all all over his wound?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación: ET clasificación: ET,, ET, ET, ET .

Variante: EAT Variante: EAT,, EAT, EAT, EAT . Infinitivo You are going to sw to sw EAT very very much in that hot weather. (Tú vas a sudar mucho en ese clima caliente.) Presente Presente (af.)

I sw EAT very very much during the Summer. Summer. (Yo sudo mucho durante el verano.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT sw EAT very very much during the Summer. Summer. (in (int.) t.)

DO I sw EAT very very much during the Summer? Pasado

(af (af.)

You sw EAT a a lot in that crowded bus yester bus yesterday day.. (Usted sudó mucho en ese autobús atestado ayer.)

(neg.) You DID NOT sweat sweat a a lot in that crowded bus yester bus yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID you you sweat sweat a a lot in that crowded bus yester bus yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

We have sw have sw EAT a a great deal during this mountain-climbing. mountain-climbing. (Hemos sudado mucho durante la ascensión de esta montaña.)

(neg.) (neg.) We have NOT have NOT sw EAT a a great deal during this mountain-climbing. mountain-climbing. (int.) Have we Have we sw EAT a a great deal during this mountain-climbing? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 7 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación ET clasificación ET,, ET, ET, ET . Variante: EAT Variante: EAT,, EAT, EAT, EAT . Infinitivo Mary likes to b to b EAT the the eggs for the cake. (A María le gusta batir los huevos para el pastel.) Presente Presente (af.)

Henry b EAT s the drum in the school band. (Enrique toca el tambor en la banda de la escuela.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry DOES NOT b EAT the the drum in the school band. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Henr Henryy b EAT the the drum in the school band? Pasado (af.) (af.)

The world’ world’ss champ champion ion bEAT his his foe in the first round. (El campeón mundial venció a su oponente en el primer asalto.)

(neg.) The world’s world’s champion DID NOT beat his his foe in the first round. (int.) DID the world’ world’ss champion champion beat his his foe in the first round? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Tha That man man has b has b EAT (bea (beatten) en) his wife many times. times. (Ese hombre ha golpeado a su esposa muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) That That man has NOT has NOT b EAT (bea (beatten) en) his wife many times. times. (int.)

Has that Has that man b EAT (bea (beatten) en) his wife many times?

Clasificación: IT Clasificación: IT,, IT, IT, IT . Características: La combinación IT combinación IT es es el rasgo común en sus tres formas. Fonética: Pronuncíese la vocal i con sonido intermedio entre la i y la e, o sea, con la abertura bucal de la i pero emitiendo el sonido de la e. En suma, dicha combinación IT combinación IT se pronuncia igual que el pronombre it . Infinitivo 1. to h to h IT (pegar, golpear) 2. to qu to qu IT (dejar de, renunciar) 3. to sp to sp IT (escupir) 4. to spl to spl IT IT (dividir)

Pasado

Participio Pasado

h IT

h IT

(pegó, golpeó)

(pegado, golpeado)

qu IT

qu IT

(dejó de, renunció)

(dejado de, renunciado)

sp IT

sp IT

(escupió)

(escupido)

spl IT IT

spl IT IT

(dividió)

(dividido)

Sub-clasificación: ID, Sub-clasificación: ID, ID, ID. ID. Infinitivo 1. to b to b ID (ofrecer, despedirse)* despedirse) * 2. to get to get r ID ID (deshacerse, (deshacerse, librarse)** librarse)**

Pasado b ID (ofreció, despidió)* despidió)* got r ID ID (se deshizo, se libró)

Participio Pasado b ID (ofrecido, despedido)* despedido) * got r ID ID (deshecho, librado)

* To bid farewell significa farewell significa despedirse, despedirse, o sea, sólo cuando se combinan estas dos palabras. Recuérdese que to bid se halla también agrupado en la clasificación I-E, clasificación I-E, A-E, I-EN: to bid, bade, bidden. bidden. ** To get rid es un es un verbo reflexivo cuya radical es to get, got, got o o gotten. gotten. Es por lo tanto un verbo compuesto que se apega al patrón de su radicai. Por otra parte, existe también el verbo to rid, rid, rid rid pero no es reflexivo y el cual significa librar, quitar de encima. encima .

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IT clasificación IT,, IT IT . infinitivo Robert likes to h to h IT the the ball with his bat. (A Roberto le gusta pegarle a la pelota con su bate.) Presente Presente

(af (af.)

The The boys boys h IT the the ball very hard when they play base-ball. (Los muchachos golpean la pelota muy fuerte cuando juegan al beisbol.)

(neg.) (neg.) The boys DO NOT h IT the the ball very hard when they play base-ball. (int (int.) .) DO the the boys boys h IT the the ball very hard when they play base-ball? Pasado (af.)

John h IT Peter Peter with a stick yester stick yesterday day.. (Juan le pegó a Pedro con un palo ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT hit Peter Peter a stick yester stick yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John hit Peter Peter with a stick yester stick yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Geo George has h has h IT little little brother many times. times. (Jorge le ha pegado a su hermanito muchas veces.)

(neg.) (neg.) George George has NOT has NOT h IT little little brother many times. times. (int.)

Has George Has George h IT his his little brother many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IT clasificación IT,, IT, IT, IT . Infinitivo My brother is not going to qu to qu IT his his job. (Mi hermano no va a renunciar a su empleo.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

You qu IT your your jobs often. often. (Tú renuncias a tus empleos muy seguido.)

(neg.) You DO NOT qu IT your your jobs very often. often. (int (int.) .) DO you you qu IT your your jobs very often? Pasado (af.)

John qu IT smoking smoking last month. month. (Juan dejó de fumar el mes pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT quit quit smoking smoking last month. month. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John qu IT smoking smoking last month? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Mr. Mr. Taylo aylorr has qu has qu IT his his position. (El señor Taylor ha renunciado a su puesto.)

(neg.) Mr. Mr. Taylor has NOT has NOT qu IT his his position.

(int.)

Has Mr. Has Mr. Taylor qu IT his his position?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IT clasificación IT,, IT, IT, IT . Infinitivo You do not have to sp to sp IT on on the floor. (Tú no tienes que escupir en el piso.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee stud studen ents ts sp IT on on the floor. (Esos estudiantes escupen en el piso.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those studen students ts DO NOT sp IT on on the floor. (int.) (int.) Do those those studen students ts sp IT on on the floor? Pasado (al.)

He sp IT on on the floor yester floor yesterday day.. (Él escupió en el piso ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT spit spit on on the floor yester floor yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID he spit spit on on the floor yester floor yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

He has sp has sp IT on on the floor many times. times. (Él ha escupido en el piso muchas veces.)

(neg (neg.) .) He has NOT has NOT sp IT on on the floor many times. times. (int.)

Has he Has he sp IT on on the floor many times?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación IT clasificación IT,, IT, IT, IT . Infinitivo He his going to spl to spl IT IT the the earnings tomorrow. (Él va a dividir las ganancias mañana.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The They spl IT IT the the profits among themselves extery year (Ellos se dividen las utilidades cada año.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT spl IT IT the the profits among themselves every year. year. (int (int.) .) DO they they spl spl IT IT the the profits among themselves every year? every year? Pasado (af. (af.))

Robe Robert rt spl spl IT IT the the money among his friends yester friends yesterday day..

(Roberto dividió el dinero entre sus amigos ayer.) (neg.) (neg.) Roben Roben DID NOT split split the the money among his friends yester friends yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID Robert Robert split split the the money among his friends yester friends yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have spl have spl IT IT the the profits among themselves. (Ellos se lian dividido las utilidades.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT spl IT IT the the profits among themselves. (int.) Have they Have they spl IT IT the the profits among themselves? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: sub-cla-sificación sub-cla-sificación ID, ID, ID, ID. ID. infinitivo He likes to b to b ID too ID too much money in the auctions. (A él le gusta ofrecer demasiado dinero en las subastas.) Presente Presente (af.)

You b ID money ID money in every auction. every auction. (Usted ofrece dinero en cada subasta.)

(neg.) You DO NOT b ID money ID money in every auction. every auction. (int (int.) .) DO you you b ID money ID money in every auction? every auction? Pasado (af.)

He b ID a ID a higher price during the last auction. auction. (Él ofreció un precio más alto durante la última últi ma subasta.)

(neg.) (neg.) He DID NOT bid a id a higher price during the last auction. auction. (int (int.) .) DID DID he bid a id a higher price during the last auction? auction? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Henry has b has b ID farewell ID farewell to all his friends. (Enrique se ha despedido de todos sus amigos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Henry Henry has NOT has NOT b ID farewell ID farewell to all his friends. (int.)

Has Henry Has Henry b ID farewell ID farewell to all his friends?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: sub-clasificación sub-clasificación ID, ID, ID, ID. ID. Infinitivo He is trying to get r ID of ID of me. (Él está tratando de deshacerse de mí.)

Presente Presente (af. (af.))

My aunt aunt gets gets r ID of ID of the mice every month. month. (Mi tía se libra de los ratones cada mes.)

(neg.) (neg.) My aunt DOES NOT get r ID of ID of the mice every month. month. (int.) (int.) DOES DOES my aunt aunt get get r ID of ID of the mice every month? Pasado (af (af.)

The They got r ID of ID of all their old furniture. (Ellos se deshicieron de todos sus muebles viejos.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT get rid of id of all their old furniture. (int (int.) .) DID DID they they get get rid of id of all their old furniture? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

We have got have got r ID of ID of the bugs at home. (Nos hemos librado de los insectos en casa.)

(neg.) (neg.) We have NOT have NOT got r ID of ID of the bugs at home. (int.) Have we Have we got r ID of ID of the bugs at home?

Clasificación: U-T u u O-T . Características: Las letras u-t y y o-t son son rasgos comunes en esta agrupación. Fonética: Las vocales u y o tienen sonido de o española en la mayoría de los verbos. Solamente en to put suena suena como u y en to hurt y y to burst como como e. Infinitivo 1. to c to cUT UT (cortar, partir) 2. to sh to shUT UT (cerrar) 3. to thr to thrU U sT * (introducir, meter) 4. to c to cO OsT (costar) 5. to h to hU U rT (herir, lastimar) 6. to b to bU U rsT rsT ( reventar, estallar) 7. to p to pUT UT (poner, colocar)

Pasado cUT (cortó, partió) shUT shUT (cerró) thrU thrU sT (introdujo, metió) cOsT (costó) hU rT (hirió, lastimó) bU rsT rsT (reventó, estalló) pUT (puso, colocó)

Participio Pasado cUT (cortado, partido) shUT shUT (cerrado) thrU thrU sT (introducido, metido) cOsT (costado) hU rT (herido, lastimado) bU rsT rsT (reventado, estallado) pUT (puesto, colocado)

* El sonido de th en th en to thrust es es equivalente al de la z la z corno corno se pronuncia en España: azul.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . Infinitivo Alex likes to c to cUT UT wood wood for firewood. (A Alejandro le gusta cortar madera para leña.) Presente Presente (af.)

They cUT wood wood for firewood every week . (Ellos cortan madera para leña cada semana.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT cUT wood wood for firewood every week . (int (int.) .) DO they they cUT wood wood for firewood every week? Pasado

(af.)

John cUT his his finger yester finger yesterday day.. (Juan se cortó el dedo ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) John DID NOT cut his his finger yester finger yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID John John cut his his finger yester finger yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

Alice ice has c has cUT UT the the linen according to the t he pattern. (Alicia ha cortado la teJa de acuerdo con el patrón.)

(neg.) (neg.) Alice Alice has NOT has NOT cUT cUT the the linen according to the pattern. (int.)

Has Alice Has Alice cUT cUT the the linen according to the pattern?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . infinitivo He will have to sh to shUT UT up right up right now. (Él tendrá que callarse la boca ahora mismo.) Presente Presente (af.)

I shUT the the door extery night . (Yo cierro la puerta todas las noches.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT shUT shUT the the door every night . (in (int.) t.)

DO I shUT shUT the the door every night? Pasado

(af.)

Mary shUT the the window last night . (María cerró la ventana anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) Mary DID NOT shut shut the the window last night . (int (int.) .) DID DID Ma Mary ry shut shut the the window last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

She has sh has shUT UT all all the doors and windows. (Ella ha cerrado todas las puertas y ventanas.)

(neg.) (neg.) She has NOT has NOT shUT shUT all all the doors and windows. (int.)

shUT all all the door and windows? Has she Has she shUT

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . Infinitivo He tried to thr to thrU U sT a a knife into his enemy’s back.

(Él intentó introducir un cuchillo en la espalda de su enemigo.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

The They thr thrU sT a a sword to the bull in bull-fightings. (Ellos le introducen una espada al toro en las corridas de toros.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT thrU thrU sT a a sword to the bull in bull-fightings. (int (int.) .) DO they they thr thrU sT a a sword to the bull in bull-fightings? Pasado (af (af.)

Paul Paul thr thrU sT a a coin in his pocket yester pocket yesterday day.. (Pablo se metió una moneda en su bolsillo ayer.) ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Paul DID NOT thru thrust a a coin in his pocket yester pocket yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Paul Paul thr thrust a a coin in his pocket yester pocket yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

The The doct doctor orss have thr have thrU U sT a a tube in the patient’s nose. (Los médicos han introducido un tubo en la nariz del paciente.)

(neg.) (neg.) The doctors doctors have NOT have NOT thrU thrU sT a a tube in the patient’s nose. (int.) Have the Have the doctors thrU thrU sT a a tube in the patient’s nose? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 4 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . Infinitivo That house is going to c to cO OsT more more than I figured. (Esa casa va a costar más de lo que creí.) Presente Presente (af (af.)

Gra Grapes cOsT very very cheap in this time of the year. (Las uvas cuestan muy baratas en esta época del año.)

(neg.) (neg.) Grapes Grapes DO NOT cOsT very very cheap in this time of the year. (int (int.) .) DO grap grapes es cOsT very very cheap in this time of the year? Pasado (af (af.)

This This car cOsT five five thousand dollars last year. year. (Este auto costó cinco mil dólares el año pasado.)

(neg.) (neg.) This car DID NOT cost five five thousand dollars last year. year. (int.) (int.) DID the this this car cost five five thousand dollars last year? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Thes Thesee book bookss have c have cO OsT a a lot of money.

(Estos libros han costado mucho dinero.) (neg.) (neg.) These These books have NOT cOsT a a lot of money have NOT cO (int.) Have these Have these books cO cOsT a a lot of money? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 5 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . Infinitivo You are going to h to hU U rT yourself yourself with that knife. (Te vas a herir con esa navaja.) Presente Presente (af.)

Peter ter hU rT s his friends when they play together. (Pedro lastima a sus amigos cuando juegan juntos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Peter DOES NOT hU rT his his friends when they play together. (int (int.) .) DOES DOES Pete Peterr hU rT his his friends when they play together? t ogether? Pasado (af (af.)

Edw Edward ard hU rT his his arm yester arm yesterday day.. (Eduardo se lastimó el brazo ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) Edward Edward DID NOT hurt his his arm yester arm yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Edwa Edward rd hU rT his his arm yester arm yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af. (af.))

Carr driv Ca driver erss have h have hU U rT many many pedestrians this year. year. (Los automovilistas han lesionado a muchos peatones este año.)

(neg.) (neg.) Car drivers drivers have NOT have NOT hU hU rT many many pedestrians this year. year. (int.) Have car Have car divers hU hU rT many many pedestrians this year? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el numero 6 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . Infinitivo That tire is probably going to b to bU U rsT rsT soon. soon. (Ese neumático probablemente va a reventar pronto.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Thos Thosee mine miness bU rsT rsT very very easily. (Esas minas estallan muy fácilmente.)

(neg.) (neg.) Those Those mines mines DO NOT NOT bU rsT rsT very very easily. (int.) (int.) DO those those mines mines bU rsT rsT very very easily?

Pasado (af.)

Helen bU rsT rsT into tears into tears yester yesterday day.. (Elena estalló en llanto ll anto ayer.) ayer.) Lit: estalló en lágrimas.

(neg.) (neg.) Helen DID NOT burst rst into tears into tears yester yesterday day.. (int (int.) .) DID DID Hele Helenn burst rst into tears into tears yester yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af (af.)

Rich Richar ardd has b has bU U rsT rsT the the door open. open. (Ricardo ha abierto la puerta con violencia.)

(neg.) (neg.) Richard Richard has NOT has NOT bU bU rsT rsT the the door open. open. (int.)

Has Richard Has Richard bU bU rsT rsT the the door open?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 7 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación U-T u u O-T . Infinitivo You do not have to p to pUT UT your your books on that table. (Tú no tienes que poner tus libros en esa mesa.) Presente Presente (af.)

I pUT my my clothes on that chair. (Yo pongo mi ropa en esa silla.)

(neg.) (neg.) I DO NOT pUT my my clothes on that chair. (in (int.) t.)

DO I pUT my my clothes on that chair? Pasado

(af. (af.))

The The mana manage gerr pUT the the contract on his desk. (El gerente puso el contrato sobre el escritorio.)

(neg.) (neg.) The manager manager DID NOT put the the contract on his desk. (int.) (int.) DID the manage managerr put the the contract on his desk? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have p have pUT UT on their on their shoes in a hurry. (Ellos se han puesto ios zapatos de prisa.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT pUT on their have NOT pUT on their shoes in a hurry. (int.) Have they Have they pUT pUT on on their shoes in a hurry?

Clasificación: CAST, CAST, CAST . Características: Las letras cast son son el rasgo común en este grupo. Fonética: Él sonido de estas letras es igual que el que tienen en castellano. Infinitivo 1. to CAST (tirar, arrojar, echar) 2. to broad to broadCAST CAST * (difundir) 3. to fore to foreCAST CAST * (predecir)

Pasado

Participio Pasado

CAST (tiró, arrojó, echó)

CAST (tirado, arrojado, echado)

bxozdCAST bxozdCAST (difundió)

broadCAST broadCAST (difundido)

foreCAST foreCAST (difundió)

foreCAST foreCAST (predicho)

* Los verbos to broadcast y y to forecast también también pueden ser regulares: broadcastED, forecastED. forecastED.

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 1 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación CAST, CAST, CAST, CAST C AST . Infinitivo You do no not have to CAST stones stones to anybody. (Tú no tienes que tirar piedras a nadie.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

Robe Robert rt and and John John CAST lots lots with their friends. (Roberto y Juan echan suertes con sus amigos.)

(neg.) (neg.) Robert Robert and and John John DO NOT NOT CAST lots lots with their friends. (int.) (int.) DO Rober Robertt and John John CAST lots lots with their friends? Pasado (af. (af.))

The The crow crowdd CAST stones stones to a mad dog yester dog yesterday day.. (La muchedumbre tiró piedras a un perro rabioso ayer.)

(neg.) (neg.) The crowd crowd DID NOT cast stones stones to a mad dog yester dog yesterday day.. (int.) (int.) DID the crowd crowd cast stones stones to a mad dog yester dog yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have CAST a a glance to glance to that sales report. (Ellos han echado una ojeada a ese informe de ventas.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT CAST a a glance to glance to that sales report. (int.) Have they Have they CAST a a glance to glance to that sales report?

Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 2 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación CAST, CAST, CAST, CAST C AST . Infinitivo They are going to broad to broadCAST CAST that that radio show from coast to coast. (Van a difundir esa función de radio de costa a costa.) Presente Presente (af. (af.))

They They broa broaddCAST a a transmission in Spanish every night . (Ellos difunden una transmisión en español todas las noches.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DO NOT broad broadCAST a a transmission in Spanish every night . (int (int.) .) DO they they broa broaddCAST a a transmission in Spanish every night? Pasado (af. (af.))

They They broz brozddCAST a a television program from coast to coast last night . (Ellos difundieron un programa de televisión de costa a costa anoche.)

(neg.) (neg.) They DID NOT broad broadcast a a television program from coast to coast last night . (int.) (int.) DID they they broad broadcast cast a a television program from coast to coast last night? Antepresente Antepresente (af.)

They have broad have broadCAST CAST many many cultural programs on television. (Ellos han difundido muchos programas culturales por televisión.)

(neg.) (neg.) They They have NOT have NOT broadCAST broadCAST many many cultural programs on television. (int.) Have they Have they broadCAST broadCAST many many cultural programs on television? Ejemplos ilustrativos de cómo emplear el verbo marcado con el número 3 en sus tiempos y formas fundamentales: clasificación CAST, CAST, CAST, CAST C AST . Infinitivo Some scientists are trying to fore to foreCAST CAST the the weather of earth in a hundred years. (Algunos hombres de ciencia están tratando de predecir el estado atmosférico de la tierra dentro de cien años.) Presente Presente (af.) (af.)

Some Some newspa newspaper perss fore fore CAST the the weather every day. day. (Algunos periódicos predican el estado atmosférico todos los días.)

(neg.) Some newspapers DO NOT foreCAST foreCAST the the weather every day. day. (int.) DO some newspape newspapers rs foreCAST foreCAST the the weather every day? Pasado (af.) (af.)

The Weather eather Bureau Bureau fore fore CAST bad bad weather yester weather yesterday day..

(La oficina meteorológica predijo mal tiempo ayer.) ayer.) (neg.) The Weather Weather Bureau DID NOT forecast forecast bad bad weather yester weather yesterday day.. (int.) DID the Weather eather Bureau Bureau forecast forecast bad bad weather, yester weather, yesterday? day? Antepresente Antepresente (af.) (af.)

The Radio Radio Broadc Broadcast asting ingss have fore have foreCAST CAST showers showers and cloudy weather. (Las radiodifusoras han predicho aguaceros y tiempo nublado.)

(neg.) The Radio Broadcastings have NOT have NOT foreCAST foreCAST showers showers and cloudy weather. (int.) Have the Have the Radro Broadcastings foreCAST foreCAST showers showers and cloudy weather?

LOS VERBOS REGULARES MAS USUALES Para complementar en forma cabal y exitosa este enfoque lingüístico para la asimilación efectiva del inglés, se da a continuación una lista de verbos esenciales en la más usual expresión cotidiana. Como puede apreciarse, esta selección ha sido hecha tomando como base su orden alfabético en español, con traducción al inglés, a fin de facilitar la rápida localización l ocalización de la acción que se desee expresar en esa lengua extranjera. El objeto primordial de esta recopilación es que usted pueda expresar en inglés cada uno de los verbos esenciales en todas sus formas gramaticales básicas, con la ayuda, claro está, de los patrones de construcción aquí expuestos. Éstos servirán de modelo eficaz para formar cualquier tipo de oración en cualquier momento dado. A bandonar, bandonar, abandon banicar, banicar, fan barcar, barcar, comprehend bastecer, bastecer, cater; supply; furnish; afford batir, batir, depress bdicar, bdicar, abdicate blandar, blandar, soften bofetear, bofetear, slap bogar, bogar, plead bolir, bolir, abolish bordar, bordar, board borrecer, borrecer, detest; hate botonar, botonar, button brazar, brazar, embrace; hug breviar, breviar, abbreviate brigar, brigar, cherish brigar, brigar, shelter brir, brir, open brir (con brir (con Have), unlock brochar, brochar, button brocharse, brocharse, fasten

brumar, brumar, overwhelm; bewilder bsolver, bsolver, absolve bsorber, bsorber, absorb bstenerse, bstenerse, abstain bstenerse de, de, refrain burrir, burrir, bore busar, busar, abuse calorar, calorar, excite calorarse, calorarse, chafe canalar, canalar, corrugate campar, campar, camp cariciar, cariciar, caress cariciar (moralmente), cariciar (moralmente), cherish cariciar mimar, mimar, pet ceitar, ceitar, lubricate; oil celerar, celerar, precipitate centuar (palabras), centuar (palabras), accent centuar, enfatizar, enfatizar, accentuate cepillar, cepillar, plane ceptar, ceptar, accept cercarse, cercarse, approach cceder, cceder, accede clamar, clamar, acclaim clarar, clarar, clarify; clear climatar, climatar, acclimate comodar, comodar, accommodate compañar, compañar, accompany; escort consejar, consejar, advise; counsel contecer, contecer, happen cordar, cordar, concert cortar, cortar, shorten cosar, cosar, harass

creditar, creditar, accrédite ctivar, ctivar, activate cumular, cumular, accumulate; store cuñar, cuñar, coin cusar, cusar, accuse chacar, chacar, attribute daptar, daptar, adapt dherir, dherir, adhere divinar, divinar, guess djudicar, djudicar, adjudicate dministrar, dministrar, administer dmirar, dmirar, admire dmitir, dmitir, admit; concede dorar, dorar, adore; worship dornar, dornar , adorn; decorate; ornament dquirir, dquirir, acquire ducir, ducir, adduce dular, dular, flatter; cajole dulterar, dulterar, adulterate dvertir, dvertir, warn; notice famar, famar, fame jear, jear, desfigure fectar, fectar, affect filar, filar, sharpen finar, finar, tone; tune firmar, firmar, affirm; assure fligir afflict fligir afflict flojar, flojar, loosen; unfasten; unloosen forar, forar, appraise frontar, frontar, affront; face garrar, garrar, grasp; grip; seize gitar, gitar, agitate

gitar, gitar, stir gitarse (el gitarse (el mar), surge golparse, golparse, crowd gotar, gotar, exhaust gradar, gradar, please gradecer, gradecer , appreciate gradecer, gradecer , thank grandar, grandar, enlarge graviar, graviar, wound grietarse, grietarse, crack grupar, grupar, group guardar, guardar, wait; expect gujerear, gujerear, perforate hogar, hogar, choke hogar(se), hogar(se ), drown hondar, hondar, deepen horcar (colgando), horcar (colgando), hang horrar, horrar , save humar, humar, fumigate irear, irear, air justar, justar, adjust labar, labar, praise lardear, lardear, bluff; boast largar, largar, lengthen larmar, larmar, alarm lbergar, lbergar, shelter lcanzar, lcanzar, reach; attain legrarse, legrarse, cheer legrarse, legrarse, rejoice lentar, lentar, encourage; animate letear, letear, wing lfombrar, lfombrar, carpet

liar, liar, ally linear, linear, line liviar, liviar, ease lmacenar, lmacenar, store lmidonar, lmidonar, starch lmorzar, lmorzar, lunch lojar, lojar, house; lodge lquilar, lquilar, hire; rent lterar, lterar, alter lternar, lternar, alternate ludir, ludir, allude lumbrar, lumbrar, light lzar, lzar, raise; lift malgamar, malgamar, amalgamate mamantar, mamantar, suckle; suck manecer, manecer, dawn mansar, mansar, domesticate; tame mar, mar, love marrar, marrar, tie menazar, menazar, menace menazar, menazar, amagar, amagar, threaten minorar, minorar, lessen monestar, monestar, admonish montonar, montonar, pile mortizar, mortizar, redeem motinarse, motinarse, riot mpliar, ensanchar, ensanchar, widen mplificar, mplificar, amplify mputar, mputar, amputate mueblar, mueblar, furnish nalizar, nalizar, analyze nclar, nclar, anchor

ndar, ndar, walk; hike nexar, nexar, annex nhelar, nhelar, long nhelar, nhelar, yearn nidar, nidar, nest nimar, nimar, animate; encourage niquilar, niquilar, annihilate ntagonizar, ntagonizar, antagonize nticipar, nticipar, anticipate nudar, nudar, knot nular, nular, abrogate nunciar, nunciar, advertise nunciar, nunciar, announce padrinar, padrinar, sponsor parentar parentar,, pretend pedrear pedrear,, lapidate; stone pelar, pelar, appeal piñarse, piñarse, crowd placar, placar, appease planar, planar, flatten plastar, plastar, smash plaudir, plaudir, applaud; clap plicar, plicar, apply poyar, poyar, back poyar, poyar, support; second preciar preciar,, aforar, aforar, appraise preciar preciar,, appreciate; esteem premiar premiar,, urge prender prender,, learn presurar presurar,, precipitate presurar presurar,, urge presurarse presurarse,, hurry; hasten

presurarse presurarse,, rush pretar pretar,, compress pretar pretar,, push; squeeze pretar pretar,, tighten probar probar,, approve propiarse propiarse,, appropiate provechar provechar,, avail proximarse proximarse,, approach puntar, puntar, aim puntar, puntar, señalar, point purarse, purarse, hurry; hasten quietar, quietar, appease rar, rar, furrow; plow; plough rar, rar, plow; plough rbitrar, rbitrar, umpire rchivar, rchivar, file, record rder, rder, kindle rengar, rengar, harangue rgüir, rgüir, argue rgumentar, rgumentar, argue rmar, rmar, arm rmonizar, rmonizar, harmonize rticular, rticular, articulate rraigarse, rraigarse, root rrancar (un rrancar (un carro), start rrasar, rrasar , desolate rrasar, rrasar , raze rrastrar, rrastrar, drag rrastrar, rrastrar, haul rrastrar, rrastrar, trail rrastrar, rrastrar, remolcar, remolcar, tug rrastrarse, rrastrarse, crawl

rrebatar, rrebatar, snatch rreglar, rreglar, arrange; fix rreglar las uñas, uñas, manicure rreglar, componer, zurcir, remendar, remendar , mend rreglar, rreglar, componer (el componer (el pelo), trim rremolinarse, rremolinarse , swirí rrendar, rrendar, alquilar alquil ar,, lease; rent rrepentirse, arrepentirse de, de , repent rrestar, rrestar, arrest rribar, rribar, arrive rriesgarse, rriesgarse, dare; expose rriesgar(se), rriesgar(se), risk rriaconcr, rriaconcr, corner rrogarse, rrogarse, usurp rrojar, rrojar, vomit rrugar, rrugar, corrugate rrugarse, rrugarse , wrinkle rrullar, rrullar, lull saltar, saltar, assault sar, sar, roast scender, scender , ascend sear, sear, clean sediar, sediar, besiege segurar, segurar, assure segurarse, segurarse, insure sentir, sentir, assent sesinar, sesinar, assessinate; murder sesorar, sesorar, counsel sfaltar, sfaltar, asphalt sfixiar, sfixiar, asphyxiate; choke signar, signar, assign similar, similar, assimilate

sistir, asistir a, a, attend sociar, sociar, adjoin sociar(se), sociar(se), associate solar, solar, devastate sombrar, sombrar, amaze; astonish spirar, spirar, aspire sumir, sumir, assume sustar, sustar, frighten; scare tacar, tacar, attack tar, tar, attach, tie tar, tar, lace tender, tender, attend tender a, a, mind tenuar, tenuar, dim terrar, terrar, terrify terrizan, terrizan, land terrorizar, terrorizar, terrify tesorar, tesorar, hoard testiguar, testiguar, witness, attest tisbar, tisbar, peep tornillar, tornillar, screw traer attract traer attract trancar (puerta), trancar (puerta), bar treverse, treverse, dare tribuir, tribuir, attribute trincherar, trincherar, trench turdir, turdir, confuse umentar, umentar, encrease; aument utenticar, utenticar, authenticate utorizar, utorizar, authorize; authenticate vanzar, vanzar, advance ventar, ventar, ventilar, ventilar, despajar d espajar,, winnow

venturar(se), venturar(se), venture veriar, veriar, damage visar, visar, advise visar, visar, advertir adv ertir,, warn yudar, yudar, auxiliar, auxiliar, help; aid; assist yunar, yunar, fast zotar, zotar, whip; lash zuzar, zuzar, incite – B – Babear, Babear, drivel Bailar, Bailar, dance Bajar, Bajar, lower Balancear, Balancear, balance Balar, Balar, bleat Balbucear, Balbucear, stammer Bañarse, Bañarse, bathe Barajar, Barajar, shuffle Barnizar, Barnizar, varnish Barrenar, Barrenar, bore Barrenar, Barrenar, drill Batir, Batir, clash; stir Bautizar, Bautizar, baptize Bendecir, Bendecir, bless Beneficiar(se), Beneficiar(se), benefit Besar, Besar, kiss Blandir, Blandir, brandish Blanquear, Blanquear, bleach; whiten Blasfemar, Blasfemar, blaspheme Bloquear, Bloquear, blockade Bolear, Bolear, shine Bombardear, Bombardear, bombard Bombear, Bombear, pump

Bordar, Bordar, embroider Borrar (con Borrar (con goma), erase rub Bostezar, Bostezar, yawn Botar, echar al agua, agua, launch Boxear, Boxear, box Bramar, Bramar, bellow, roar Brillar suavemente, suavemente, glow Brincar, Brincar, jump Brindar por, brindar a la salud de, de, toast Bromear, Bromear, joke; jest; trifle Brotar, Brotar, gush; sprout Bruñir, Bruñir, burnish Bucear, Bucear, dive Bufar, Bufar, snort Buscar, Buscar, search – C – Caber, Caber, contain Cablegrafiar, Cablegrafiar, cable Cacarear, Cacarear, cackle; crow Caerse, Caerse, collapse Calcar, Calcar, calk Calcular, Calcular, calculate Calentar, Calentar, heat; warm Calificar, Calificar, qualify Calmar, Calmar, calm; soothe Calumniar, Calumniar, slander Callarse, Callarse, hush Cambiar, Cambiar, change Cambiar, Cambiar, exchange Cambiar, Cambiar, shift Cambiar de casa, casa, move Caminar, Caminar, walk; hike

Cancelar, Cancelar, cancel Canjear, Canjear, exchange Cansar, Cansar, tire Cantar (el Cantar (el gallo), crow Capitalizar, Capitalizar, capitalize Capitular, Capitular, capitulate Capturar, Capturar, capture Caracterizar, Caracterizar, characterize Carecer, Carecer, lack; want Cargar, cobrar, cobrar, charge Casar, Casar, wed Casarse, casarse con, con, marry Castigar, Castigar, punish Catalogar, Catalogar, catalogue Catequizar, Catequizar, catechize Causar, Causar, cause Cauterizar, Cauterizar, cauterize Cautivar, Cautivar, captivate Cazar, Cazar, hunt; chase Ceder, Ceder, cede Celebrar, Celebrar, celebrate Censurar, Censurar, censure Centrar, Centrar, centre Cerner, Cerner, sift Certificar, Certificar, certify Cerrar, Cerrar, close Cerrar (con Cerrar (con llave), lock Cesar, Cesar, cease Circular, Circular, circulate Citar, Citar, cite; convene Citar, Citar, quote Civilizar, Civilizar, civilize

Clamar, Clamar, exclaim Clasificar, Clasificar, classify Claudicar, Claudicar, limp Clavar, Clavar, nail Coagularse, Coagularse, coagulate Cobrar, cargar, cargar, charge Cobrar (un Cobrar (un cheque), collect; cash Cocear, Cocear, kick Cocer, Cocer, cook Cocinar, Cocinar, cook Codiciar, Codiciar, covet Codiciar, Codiciar, envy Coger, Coger, grasp Coincidir, Coincidir, coincide Cojear, Cojear, limp Colaborar, Colaborar, colaborate Colectar, Colectar, gather Colocar, Colocar, place; locate, settle Colonizar, Colonizar, colonize Colorar, Colorar, color Combatir, Combatir, combat Combinar, Combinar, combine Comentar, Comentar, comment Comenzar, Comenzar, commence Comenzar, Comenzar, start Comer (la Comer (la comida principal) dine Comerciar, Comerciar, trade; traffic Compadecerse, Compadecerse, pity; simpathize Comparar, Comparar, compare Compartir, Compartir, share Compelir, Compelir, compel Compensar, Compensar, compensate

Competir, Competir, compete Complacer, Complacer, please Completar, Completar, complete Complicar, Complicar, complicate Componer, Componer, compose Componer, Componer, compound Comprar, Comprar, purchase Comprender, Comprender, comprehend Comprender, Comprender, comprise; conceive Comprimir, Comprimir, compress; squeeze Comprobar, Comprobar, prove Comprobar, Comprobar, test Comprometer, Comprometer, engage Comprometerse, Comprometerse , compromise Computar, Computar, compute Comunicar, Comunicar, communicate Concebir, Concebir, conceive Conceder, Conceder, grant; allow; concede Concentrarse, Concentrarse, concentrate Concernir, Concernir, concern Concertar, Concertar, concert Concluir, Concluir, conclude Concretar, Concretar, concrete Condenar, Condenar, condemn Condenar, Condenar, damn Condensar, Condensar, condense Condescender, Condescender, condescend Condonar, Condonar, condone Conducir, Conducir, conduct Conectar, Conectar, connect Conferir, Conferir, confer Confesar, Confesar, confess

Confiar, Confiar, trust Confirmar, Confirmar, confirm Confiscar, Confiscar, confiscate Conformarse, Conformarse, conform Confortar, Confortar, comfort; console Confrontar, Confrontar, check Confrontar, Confrontar, confront Confundir, Confundir, confuse; confound; puzzle Congregar, Congregar, congregate Conjeturar, Conjeturar, conjecture Conjugar, Conjugar, conjugate Conmemorar, Conmemorar, commemorate Conmoverse, Conmoverse, thrill Conquistar, Conquistar, conquer Consagrar, Consagrar, consecrate Consentir, Consentir, consent Conservar, Conservar, conserve Considerar, Considerar, consider Consistir, Consistir, consist Consolar console Consolar console Consolidar, Consolidar, consolidate Conspirar, Conspirar, conspire; plot Constituir, Constituir, constitute Constreñir, Constreñir, constrain Construir, Construir, construe Consultar, Consultar, consult Consumar, Consumar, consummate Contagiar, Contagiar, infect Contaminar, Contaminar, contaminate Contar, Contar, count Contemplar, Contemplar, contemplate Contemplar, Contemplar, gaze

Contemporizar, Contemporizar, temporize Contener, Contener, comprise Contener, Contener, contain Contener, Contener, content Contentar, Contentar, please Contestar, Contestar, answer; reply Continuar, Continuar, continue Contrabandear, Contrabandear, smuggle Contradecir, Contradecir, contradict Contraer, Contraer, contract Contrariar, Contrariar, counteract Contrarrestar, Contrarrestar , counteract Contravenir, Contravenir, contravene Contribuir, Contribuir, contribute Controlar, Controlar, control Convaleçerse, Convaleçerse, convalesce Convencer, Convencer, convince Converger, Converger, converge Conversar, Conversar, converse Convertir, Convertir, convert Convocar, Convocar, convoke; convene Cooperar, Cooperar, cooperate Coordinar, Coordinar, coordinate Copiar, Copiar, copy Coquetear, Coquetear, flirt Coronar, Coronar, crown Cortar (en Cortar (en rebanadas), slice Cortejar, Cortejar, court; escort; woo Corregir, Corregir, correct Correr (un Correr (un río), flow Corresponder, Corresponder, corresponde Corroborar, Corroborar, corroborate; confirm

Corromper, Corromper, corrupt; deprave Cosechar, Cosechar, crop; harvest; reap Cotizar, Cotizar, quote Crear, Crear, create Crecer, Crecer, sprout Creer, Creer, believe; guess Criar, Criar, raise Cristalizar, Cristalizar, crystalize Criticar, Criticar, criticize Crujir; crackle; Crujir; crackle; creak Crucificar, Crucificar, crusify Cruzar, Cruzar, cross Cruzar (por Cruzar (por mar), cruise Cuadriplicar, Cuadriplicar, quadruplicate Cuartearse, Cuartearse, crack Cubrir, Cubrir, cover Cuidar, Cuidar, mind Culminar, Culminar, culminate Cultivar, Cultivar, cultivate; raise Cumplimentar, Cumplimentar, compliment Cumplir, Cumplir, fullfill Cumplir con, con, comply Curar, sanar, sanar, cure; remedy CH – – CH – Chantajear, Chantajear, blackmail Chapotear, Chapotear, splash Charlar, platicar, platicar, chat Chiflar, Chiflar, whistle Chillar, Chillar, creak; scream; shriek Chismear, Chismear, gossip Chispear, Chispear, sparkle Chocar, Chocar, shock, clash, collide

Chorrear, Chorrear, drip Chulear, Chulear, quiz Chupar, Chupar, sip; suck – D – Damnificar, Damnificar, damnify Dañar, Dañar, damage; harm; spoil Dar, Dar, hand Dar a, a, overlook Dar asco, asco, sicken Dar forma, forma, shape Dar fuerza, fuerza, enforce Dar la bienvenida, bienvenida, welcome Dar las gracias, gracias, thank Dar propina propina,, tip; fee Dar sombra, sombra, shade Dar un grito, grito, utter Dar un tirón, tirón, jerk Dar una tunda, tunda, whale Dar vuelta, vuelta, turn Darse cuenta, darse darse cuenta de realize de realize Debastar, Debastar, debastate Debatir, Debatir, debate Deber, Deber, must; ought Deber, Deber, owe Debilitar, Debilitar, weaken Debilitas(se), Debilitas(se), debilitate; weaken Decaer, Decaer, decay Decapitar, Decapitar, behead Decepcionar, Decepcionar, disappoint Decidir, Decidir, decide Decir, Decir, uter Declamar, Declamar, declaim

Declarar, Declarar, declare; testify; witness Declarar, Declarar, exponer, exponer, state Declinar, Declinar, decline Decolorarse, Decolorarse, fade Decorar, Decorar, decorate Decrecer Decrecer,, decrease Decretar Decretar,, decree Dedicar(se), Dedicar(se), devote Deducir, Deducir, deduce Defecar, Defecar, defecate Defender, Defender, defend Definir, Definir, define Deformar, Deformar, deform Defraudar, Defraudar, cheat; defraude, dissapoint Degenerar, Degenerar, degenerate Deglutir, Deglutir, swallow Degradar, Degradar, degrade Dejar caer, caer, drop Dejar, Dejar, quit Delatar, Delatar, denounce Delatar, Delatar, dilate Delegar, Delegar, delegate Deletrear Deletrear,, spell Delinear, Delinear, delineate, outline Delinear, Delinear, outline Delinear, Delinear, trazar, trazar, trace Delirar, Delirar, rave Demandar, Demandar, demand Demoler, Demoler, demolish Demorarse, Demorarse, delay Demostrar, Demostrar, demonstrate; prove Denegar, Denegar, deny

Denigrar, Denigrar, denigrate Denominar, Denominar, denominate Denotar, Denotar, denote Denunciar, Denunciar, denounce Depender, Depender, depend Deplorar, Deplorar, deplore; moan Deponer, Deponer, depose Deportar, Deportar, deport Depositar, Depositar, deposit Depravarse, Depravarse, deprave Depreciar Depreciar(se), (se), depreciate Deprimir, Deprimir, depress Depurar, Depurar, depurate Derivar, Derivar, derive Derogar Derogar,, derogate; revoke Derramar, Derramar, spill Derrapar, Derrapar, skid Derretir Derretir,, melt; smelt Derrochar Derrochar,, waste Derrotar Derrotar,, defeat Derrumbarse, Derrumbarse, crumble Desabotonar, Desabotonar, unbutton Desabrochar Desabrochar,, unbotton; unfasten Desacatar, Desacatar, disrespect Desacreditar Desacreditar,, discredit Desafiar, Desafiar, challenge; defy Desairar, Desairar, slight Desalojar, Desalojar, dislodge Desalojar, Desalojar, remover remover,, displace Desanimarse, Desanimarse, discourage Desanudar, Desanudar, untie Desaparecer Desaparecer,, disappear

Desaprobar Desaprobar,, disapprove Desarmar, Desarmar, disarm Desarreglar Desarreglar,, disarrange Desarrollar Desarrollar,, develop Desarrugar, Desarrugar, unwrinkle Desatar, Desatar, loose; untie Desatar, Desatar, unfasten; unloose; untie; unloosen Desatender, Desatender, neglect Desatornillar, Desatornillar, unscrew Desbocarse, Desbocarse, bolt Desbordarse Desbordarse,, overflow Descalificar, Descalificar, desqualify Descansar, Descansar, rest; relax Descargar Descargar,, unload Descargar Descargar,, discharge Descargar Descargar,, unload; unburden Descartar, Descartar, discard Descarrilar, Descarrilar, derail Descascarar, Descascarar, peel; shell Descender, Descender, descend Descifrar, Descifrar, decipher Descomponer, Descomponer, disarrange Descomponerse Descomponerse, decompose Desconcertar, Desconcertar, disconctrt; embarass Desconectar, Desconectar, disconnect Desconfiar, Desconfiar, distrust Descontar, Descontar, discount Descontinuar, Descontinuar, discontinue Describir, Describir, describe; depict describe; depict Descubrir, Descubrir, discover; uncover Descubrir, Descubrir, uncover Descubrir, Descubrir, publicar, publicar, utter

Descubrirse para para saludar, saludar, cap Descuidar, Descuidar, neglect Desdeñar, Desdeñar, disdain Desdoblar, Desdoblar, unfold Desear, Desear, wish; desire; want Desear, Desear, saber, saber, wonder Desear vivamente, vivamente, yearn Desecar, Desecar, desicate Desenvainar, Desenvainar, unsheathe Desembarcar Desembarcar,, disembark; land Desempacar, Desempacar, unpack Desempolvar, Desempolvar, dust Desencadenar, Desencadenar, unchain Desencuadernar Desencuadernar,, unloose Desengañar, Desengañar, undeceive Desengañarse, Desengañarse, undeceive oneself Desenganchar, Desenganchar, unhook; unfasten Desenyugar, Desenyugar, unyoke Desenmascarar Desenmascarar, unmask Desensillar, Desensillar, unsaddle Desenterrar, Desenterrar, exhume; unbury Desenvolver, Desenvolver, unfold; unwrap Desequilibrar, Desequilibrar, unbalance Desertar, Desertar, desert Desesperarse Desesperarse, despair Desfigurar, Desfigurar, disfigure Desfilar, Desfilar, parade Desgranar, Desgranar, husk Deshacer una formación formación,, dismiss Desheredar Desheredar,, disinherit Deshidratarse, Deshidratarse, dehydrate Deshollejar, Deshollejar, husk

Deshonrar, Deshonrar, dishonor Deshonrar (a Deshonrar (a una mujer), violate Designar, Designar, designate; nominate Desilusionarse, Desilusionarse, disillusion Desinfectar, Desinfectar, disinfect Desistir, Desistir, desist Desligar, Desligar, untie Deslindar terrenos terrenos,, survey Deslizar, Deslizar, skid Deslizarse, Deslizarse, skim; slip Deslumbrar, Deslumbrar, dazzle Deslustrar, Deslustrar, tarnish Desmantelar, Desmantelar, dismantle Desmayarse, Desmayarse, faint Desmembrar, Desmembrar, dismember Desmenuzar, Desmenuzar, chip; crumble Desmontarse, Desmontarse, dismount Desmoralizarse, Desmoralizarse, demoralize Desnudar(se), Desnudar(se), undress Desobedecer, Desobedecer, disobey Desolar, Desolar, desolate Desorganizar Desorganizar,, disorganize Despachar, Despachar, dispatch; forward Despajar, Despajar, winnow Despechar, Despechar, destetar, destetar, wean Despegar, Despegar, detach Desperdiciar Desperdiciar,, waste Despertar(se), Despertar(se), wake; waken; awake; awaken Desplegar, Desplegar, display; unfold Desplomarse, Desplomarse, collapse Desdoblar, Desdoblar, depopulate Despojar, Despojar, deprive; despoil

Despolvorear Despolvorear,, sprinkle Despreciar Despreciar,, despise Destacar, Destacar, feature Destapar, Destapar, uncap Destapar, Destapar, desarropar desarropar,, uncover Desterrar, Desterrar, deport; banish Destilar, Destilar, distil Destinar, Destinar, destine Destituir, Destituir, fire; destitute; depose Destorcer Destorcer,, untwist Destrancar, Destrancar, unbar Destrozar Destrozar,, destroy Desunir, Desunir, disunite Desvariar, Desvariar, rave Desvendar, Desvendar, undress Desvestir(se), Desvestir(se), undress Desviar, Desviar, divert; shift Detallar, Detallar, detail Detener, Detener, detain, stop Detenerse, pararse pararse,, stop Detenerse, quedarse quedarse,, stay Deteriorar(se), Deteriorar(se), damage; decay deteriorate Determinar, Determinar, determine Detestar, Detestar, detest Devaluar, Devaluar, devaluate Devorar, Devorar, devour Diagnosticar, Diagnosticar, diagnose Dibujar, Dibujar, sketch Dictar, Dictar, dictate Dictar conferencias conferencias,, lecture Diezmar, Diezmar, decimate Difamar, Difamar, defame

Diferir, Diferir, defer; differ Diferir, Diferir, diferenciar diferenciar,, differ Difundir, Difundir, diffuse Dignarse, Dignarse, deign Dilapidar, Dilapidar, dilapidate; waste Dilatarse, Dilatarse, delay Dirigir la palabra, palabra, address Dirigir, Dirigir, direct Dirigir, Dirigir, manage; direct Dirigir mal, mal, misdirect Discrepar Discrepar,, diferir, diferir, disagree Disculparse, Disculparse, apologize; excuse oneself Discutir, Discutir, discuss; debate Disecar, Disecar, dissect; stuff Diseminar, Diseminar, disseminate Diseñar, Diseñar, design; sketch Disertar, Disertar, lecture Disfrazarse, Disfrazarse, disguise Disfrutar, Disfrutar, enjoy Disgustar, Disgustar, dislike; disgust; shock Disimular, Disimular, dissimulate; wink Disipar, Disipar, dissipate Dislocarse, Dislocarse, dislocate Disminuir, Disminuir, diminish Disolver, Disolver, disolve Disolver, Disolver, licenciar, licenciar, dismiss Disparar, Disparar, discharge; discharge; fire fire Dispensar, Dispensar, dispense Dispensar, Dispensar, excuse Dispersar, Dispersar, disperse Disponer, Disponer, dispose Disputar, Disputar, dispute

Distinguir, Distinguir, distinguish Distribuir, Distribuir, distribute Disuadir, Disuadir, disuade Divagar, Divagar, digress Divertir, Divertir, entertain Dividir, Dividir, divide Divisar, Divisar, discry Divorciarse, Divorciarse, divorciarse divorciarse de, de, divorce Doblar, Doblar, duplicar, duplicar, double Doblar, Doblar, fold Documentarse, Documentarse, document Domar, Domar, tame Domesticar, Domesticar, domesticate Dominar, Dominar, dominate Donar, Donar, bestow; donate Dosificar, Dosificar, dose Dotar, Dotar, endow Dramatizar, Dramatizar, dramatize Drenar Drenar,, drain Dudar, Dudar, doubt Dulcificar, Dulcificar, sweeten Duplicar, Duplicar, duplicate Durar, Durar, last – E – Eclipsar, Eclipsar, eclipse Economizar, Economizar, economize Echar al agua, agua, launch Echar bravatas, bravatas, bully Echar clavados, clavados, dive Echar la culpa a, a, blame Echar de menos, menos, miss Echar raices, raices, root

Echar un vistazo, vistazo, glance Editar, Editar, edit Educar, Educar, educate Efectuar, Efectuar, effect Ejecutar, Ejecutar, execute Ejercer Ejercer,, ejercitar ejercitar,, exercise Elaborar, Elaborar, elaborate Electrificar, Electrificar, electrify Electrocutar Electrocutar,, electrocute Elegir, Elegir, elect Elevar, Elevar, elevate Eliminar, Eliminar, eliminate Eludir, Eludir, elude Emanar, Emanar, emanate Emancipar, Emancipar, emancipate Embarcar Embarcar,, embark Embarcar Embarcar,, enviar, enviar, ship Embargar Embargar,, embargo Embarrar, Embarrar, plast embarrar, embarrar, smear Embelesar, Embelesar, enchant Embellecer, Embellecer, beautify Emblanquecer, Emblanquecer, whiten Embotar, Embotar, blunt, enervate Embotellar, Embotellar, bottle Embravecerse Embravecerse (el mar), surge Embrujar, Embrujar, bewitch Embrutecerse, Embrutecerse, imbrute Embutir, Embutir, stuff Emigrar, Emigrar, emigrate Emitir, Emitir, emit Emocionarse, Emocionarse, thrill

Empacar, Empacar, pack Empañar(se), Empañar(se), tarnish Empapar, Empapar, drench; saturate Emparejar Emparejar,, equal; equalize Empedrar, Empedrar, pave Empeñar, Empeñar, pawn Empeorar, Empeorar, impair Empeorarse, Empeorarse, worsen Empezar, Empezar, start Emplear, Emplear, employ; occupy Empobrecer Empobrecer,, impoverish Empolvarse, Empolvarse, powder Empotrar, Empotrar, embed Empujar, Empujar, rush; push Empuñar, Empuñar, grip Emular, Emular, emulate Enaltecer, Enaltecer, extol Enamorar, Enamorar, woo Encadenar, Encadenar, chain Enarbolar, Enarbolar, hoist Encallar, Encallar, strand Encantar, Encantar, charm; delight; enchant Encapricharse, Encapricharse, conceit Encararse con, con, face Encarcelar Encarcelar,, jail Encargar Encargar,, entrust Encementar, Encementar, cement Encender, Encender, light Encerar, Encerar, wax Encolerizarse, Encolerizarse, enrage Encomendar, Encomendar, commend Encomiar, Encomiar, praise

Encontrar, Encontrar, encounter Encubrir, Encubrir, conceal Encumbrarse, Encumbrarse, soar Encurtir, Encurtir, pickle Enderezar Enderezar,, straighten Endiosar, Endiosar, deify Endosar, Endosar, endorse; indorse Endulzar, Endulzar, sweeten Endurecer Endurecer,, harden; hinder Enervar, Enervar, enervate Enfadar, Enfadar, vex Enfatizar, Enfatizar, emphasize; stress Enfermarse, Enfermarse, sicken Enfrentarse Enfrentarse a, a, face Enfurecerse Enfurecerse,, madden; infurate; rage Enganchar, Enganchar, hook Engañar, Engañar, cheat; deceive; fool; trick Engañarse, Engañarse, fool oneself; deceive oneself Engendrar, Engendrar, engender; procreate Engomar, Engomar, gum Engordar Engordar,, fatten Engrapar, Engrapar, staple Engrasar, Engrasar, grease; oil Engreírse Engreírse,, conceit Enguantar, Enguantar, glove Engusanarse, Engusanarse, spoil Enhebrar, Enhebrar, thread Enjaular, Enjaular, cage; encage cage; encage Enjabonar, Enjabonar, soap Enjuagar, Enjuagar, rinse Enjugar, Enjugar, wipe Enladrillar, Enladrillar, pave

Enlatar, Enlatar, can Enlazar, Enlazar, enlace; lace Enlistar, Enlistar, enrolar enrolar, enlist; list; enroll Enlodar, Enlodar, splash Enloquecerse, Enloquecerse, madden Enmascarar, Enmascarar, mask Ennegrecer Ennegrecer,, blacken, darken Ennoblecer, Ennoblecer, ennoble Enredar Enredar,, entangle Enredarse, Enredarse, embrollarse embrollarse,, tangle Enriquecerse, Enriquecerse, enrich Enrollar Enrollar,, wrap Ensalzar, Ensalzar, extol Ensanchar, Ensanchar, enlarge; widen Ensartar, Ensartar, thread Ensayar, Ensayar, rehearse Ensillar, Ensillar, saddle Ensordecer Ensordecer,, deafen Ensuciar, Ensuciar, dirty; soil Enterrar, Enterrar, bury Entintar, Entintar, ink Enfonar(se), Enfonar(se), intonate Entonar, Entonar, tone; tune Entrenar Entrenar,, train; coach Entrar, Entrar, entrar a, a, enter Entreabrir Entreabrir,, half open Entregar Entregar,, deliver; hand Entregarse, Entregarse, rendirse rendirse,, surrender Entrelazar Entrelazar,, interlace Entrelinear Entrelinear,, interline Entremeterse Entremeterse,, intromit; intrude Entretener Entretener,, entertain

Entrevistar Entrevistar,, interview Entristecerse, Entristecerse, sadden Ennumerar, Ennumerar, enumerate Enunciar, Enunciar, enunciate Envasar, Envasar, enlatar, enlatar, can; tin Envenenar, Envenenar, poison Envenenarse, Envenenarse, emborracharse, emborracharse, intoxicate Enviar, Enviar, dispatch; forward Envidiar, Envidiar, envy Envolver, Envolver, envelop Envolver, Envolver, wrap Enyesar, Enyesar, plast Enyugar, Enyugar, yoke Equipar, Equipar, equip Erigir, Erigir, erect Eructar, Eructar, belch, eruct Erradicar, Erradicar, eradicate Esbozar, Esbozar, sketch Escalar, Escalar, scale Escaldar, Escaldar, scald Escandalizar, Escandalizar, scandalize Escapar, Escapar, escape Escapar de, de, slip Escarnecer, Escarnecer, gibe Escatimar, Escatimar, scant; stint Esclavizar, Esclavizar, enslave; slave Esconder, Esconder, conceal Escribir en máquina, máquina, type; typewrite Escribir con mayúscula mayúscula,, capitalize Escrutar, Escrutar, poll Escuchar, Escuchar, listen Escudar, Escudar, shield

Esculpir, Esculpir, carve; engrave sculpture Escurrir drip Esgrimir, Esgrimir, wield Esmaltar, Esmaltar, enamel Espaciar, Espaciar, space Espantar, Espantar, frighten; scare Esparcir Esparcir,, scatter; sprinkle Especializarse, Especializarse, specialize Especificar, Especificar, specify Especular, Especular, speculate Esperar, Esperar, wait Esperar (con Esperar (con más o menos seguridad), expect Esperar (tener Esperar (tener esperanzas), hope Espinar, Espinar, prick Espiar, Espiar, spy; watch Espolear, Espolear, spur Esquiar, Esquiar, skii Establecer, Establecer, establish; settle Estacionarse, Estacionarse, park Estafar, Estafar, swindle; trick Estallar, Estallar, explode Estampar, Estampar, stamp Estancarse, estacionarse estacionarse,, stagnate Estañar, Estañar, tin Estatuir, Estatuir, chapter Estereotipar Estereotipar,, stereotype Esterilizar, Esterilizar, sterilize Estigmatizar, Estigmatizar, stigmatize Estimar, Estimar, cherish; esteem Estimar, Estimar, calcular, calcular, estimate Estimular, Estimular, stimulate Estipular, Estipular, stipulate; specify

Estirar, Estirar, lenghten Est irar(se), irar(se), stretch Estorbar, Estorbar, hamper Estornudar, Estornudar, sneeze Estrangular, Estrangular, strangle Estrechar Estrechar,, angostar, angostar, tighten Entregar Entregar,, scour; scroub; rub Estrellarse Estrellarse,, crash Estremecerse Estremecerse,, quake Estreñir Estreñir,, constipate Estropear Estropear,, echar a perder perder,, spoil Estudiar, Estudiar, study Evacuar, Evacuar, evacuate Evadir, Evadir, elude; evade Evaporarse, Evaporarse, evaporate Evidenciar, Evidenciar, evidence Evitar, Evitar, avoid; prevent Evocar, Evocar, evoke Exagerar, Exagerar, exaggerate Exaltar, Exaltar, exalt Examinar, Examinar, examine; survey Examinar a un discípulo, discípulo, quiz Exasperar, Exasperar, exasperate Excavar, Excavar, excavate Exceder, Exceder, exceed Exceptuar, Exceptuar, except Excitar, Excitar, excite Exclamar, Exclamar, exclaim Excluir, Excluir, exelude Excomulgar, Excomulgar, excomunicate Excusar, Excusar, excuse Exhalar, Exhalar, exhale

Exhibir, Exhibir, exhibit Exhortar, Exhortar, exhort Exhumar, Exhumar, exhume; unbury Exigir, Exigir, demand Eximir, Eximir, exempt Existir, Existir, exist Expectorar, Expectorar, expectorate Expedir, Expedir, expedite Expeler, Expeler, expel Experimentar, Experimentar, experience Experimentar, Experimentar, experiment Expiar, Expiar, expiate Expirar, Expirar, expire Explicar, Explicar, explain Explorar, Explorar, explore Explotar, Explotar, explode Explotar (sacar Explotar (sacar utilidad), exploit Exponer, Exponer, display Exponer, Exponer, expose Exponer, Exponer, state Exportar, Exportar, export Expresar Expresar,, express; state Exprimir, Exprimir, squeeze Expropiar Expropiar,, expropíate Extender, Extender, extend Extender, Extender, stretch Extender, Extender, unfold Exterminar, Exterminar, exterminate Extinguirse, Extinguirse, extinguish Extirpar, Extirpar, extirpate Extraer, Extraer, extract – F –

Fabricar, Fabricar, manufacture; fabrícate Facilitar, Facilitar, expedite; facilitate Facturar, Facturar, invoice Falsificar, Falsificar, counterfeit; falsify Faltar, Faltar, lack. Faltar al respeto respeto,, disrespect Fallar, Fallar, fail Fallecer, Fallecer, decease Fanfarronear Fanfarronear,, brag; boast Fantasear, Fantasear, fancy Fascinar, Fascinar, fascínate; bewitch Fastidiar, Fastidiar, annoy; bother; tease Fatigarse, Fatigarse, fatigue; tire Favorecer Favorecer,, favor Fecundar, Fecundar, fecund Fechar, Fechar, date Felicitar, Felicitar, congratulate Fermentar, Fermentar, ferment Fertilizar, Fertilizar, fertilize Figurarse, Figurarse, figure Fijar, Fijar, fix Filtrar, Filtrar, filter Fingir, Fingir, simulate Firmar, Firmar, sign Flagelar, Flagelar, whip Flamear, Flamear, wave Flanquear, Flanquear, flank. Florecer Florecer,, bloom; flourish Flotar, Flotar, float Fluctuar, Fluctuar, fluctuate Foliar, Foliar, folio Fomentar, Fomentar, foment; foster

Forjar, Forjar, forge Formar, Formar, form Formar, Formar, dar forma, forma, shape Formular, Formular, formulate Fortalecer, Fortalecer, strenghten Fortificar, Fortificar, fortify Forzar, Forzar, force Forzar la vista, vista, strain Fotografiar, Fotografiar, photograph Fracasar, Fracasar, fail Fracturar(se), Fracturar(se), fracture Franquear, Franquear, frank Frecuentar Frecuentar,, frequent Fregar Fregar,, estregar estregar,, scour; scrub Freir, Freir, fry Frotar Frotar, rub; wipe Fruncir el ceño, ceño, frown; scowl; wrinkle Frustrar, Frustrar, disappoint; frustrate Fumar, Fumar, smoke Fumigar, Fumigar, fumigate Funcionar, Funcionar, function Fundar, Fundar, found Fundir, Fundir, melt; smelt Fundirse, Fundirse, fuse Fustiga, Fustiga, fustigate; whip – G – Galantear, Galantear, compliment; court; woo Galopar, Galopar, gallop Galvanizar, Galvanizar, galvanize Ganar, Ganar, gain Ganar (dinero), Ganar (dinero), earn Garantizar, Garantizar, guarantee

Gemir, Gemir, wail Generalizar, Generalizar, generalize Germinar, Germinar, germinate Girar, Girar, revolve Glorificar, Glorificar, glorify Gobernar, Gobernar, govern; rule; rein Golpear, Golpear, clash; knock Gorjear, Gorjear, trill; warble Gotear, Gotear, leak; drip Gozar, Gozar, enjoy Grabar, Grabar, engrave; grave Grabar (en Grabar (en cinta o disco), record Graduar, ordenar, ordenar, grade Graduarse, Graduarse, graduate Granizar, Granizar, hail Granular, Granular, granulate Gratificar, Gratificar, gratify Gravar, Gravar, burden Gravitar, Gravitar, gravitate Graznar, Graznar, croak Gritar, Gritar, cry; shout Gritar, chiller, chiller, scream Gruñir, Gruñir, groan; growl; grunt Guardar, Guardar, ward Guardar silencio, silencio, hush Guarnecer, Guarnecer, harness; garrison Guerrear, Guerrear, war Guiar, Guiar, guide Guiñar, Guiñar, blink; wink Gustar, querer, querer, like Gustar (al Gustar (al paladar), taste – H –

Habérselas con, con, face Habitar, Habitar, inhabit Hablar entre entre dientes, dientes, mutter Hacer caso de, de, mind Hacer cosquillas, cosquillas, tickle Hacer efectivo un cheque, cheque, letra, etc., etc., cash Hacer erupción, erupción, erupt Hacer falta, falta, miss Hacer fuerza, fuerza, strain Hacer germinar, germinar, sprout Hacer juego con, con, match Hacer malla, malla, knit Hacer pedazos, pedazos, smash Hacer señar, señar, hacer señales, señales, wave Hacer zanjas, zanjas, trench Hacerse de la vista gorda gorda,, wink Haraganear, Haraganear, idle; loaf Hartarse, Hartarse, glut; stuff Heredar Heredar,, inherit Herir, Herir, wound Herir con arma blanca blanca, stab Hervir, Hervir, boil Hipnotizar, Hipnotizar, hypnotize Hipotecar, Hipotecar, mortgage Honrar, Honrar, honor Hormiguear, Hormiguear, swarm Hornear, Hornear, bake Horrorizarse Horrorizarse,, horrify Hospedar, Hospedar, lodge Hospedarse, Hospedarse, stay Hostigar, Hostigar, vex Humanizar, Humanizar, humanize

Humedecer, Humedecer, damp; dampen; moisten Humillar(se), Humillar(se), humble Hundirse, Hundirse, immerge Hurgar Hurgar,, stir Husmear, Husmear, sniff – I – Idealizar, Idealizar, idealize Idear, Idear, inventar, inventar, ingeniar, ingeniar, contrive Identificar, Identificar, identify Idolatrar, Idolatrar, idolize Ignorar, Ignorar, ignore Igualar, Igualar, equalize Iluminar, Iluminar, illuminate; light; lighten Ilustrar, Ilustrar, illustrate Imaginarse, Imaginarse, imagine Imanar, Imanar, magnetize Imitar, Imitar, imitate; mimic Impartir, Impartir, impart Impedir, Impedir, impede; hinder; prevent Impeler, Impeler, impel Implicar, Implicar, imply Implorar, Implorar, implore; plead Imponer, Imponer, impose Imponer pena o castigo castigo,, penalize Importar, Importar, import importar, importar, concern Importarle a uno, uno, care Importunar, Importunar, importune Imposibilitar, Imposibilitar, disable Impregnar Impregnar,, impregnate Impresionar Impresionar,, impress Imprimir, Imprimir, imprint; print

Imprimir con errore erroress, misprint Improvisar Improvisar,, improvize Inaugurar, Inaugurar, inaugurate Incendiar, Incendiar, fire Incinerar, Incinerar, incinerate Incitar, Incitar, incite; tempt Inclinarse, Inclinarse, incline; lean; sway Incluir, Incluir, include, embody Incluir, Incluir, acompañar, acompañar, remitir, remitir, endose Incomodarse, Incomodarse, incomode Incorporarse Incorporarse, incorporate Incriminar, Incriminar, incriminate Incubar, Incubar, incubate, hatch Inculcar, Inculcar, inculcate Indemnizar, Indemnizar, indemnify Indicar, Indicar, indicate Inducir, Inducir, induce Industrializar, Industrializar, industrialize Infatuar, Infatuar, infatuate Infectar, Infectar, infect Inferir, Inferir, infer Infestar, Infestar, infest Infiltrarse, Infiltrarse, infíltrate Inflamar, Inflamar, hinchar, hinchar, inflate Inflamarse, Inflamarse, inflame Infligir, Infligir, inflict Influir, Influir, influence Informar, Informar, inform; report; advise Infrigir. Infrigir. infringe; violate; transgress Infundir, Infundir, infuse Inhabilitar, Inhabilitar, disable Inhalar, Inhalar, inhale

Inhumar, Inhumar, bury Iniciar, Iniciar, initiate Injertar, Injertar, graft, engraft Injuriar, Injuriar, outrage Inmigrar, Inmigrar, immigrate Inmovilizar, Inmovilizar, immobilize Inmunizar, Inmunizar, inmunize Innovar, Innovar, innovate Inocular, Inocular, inoculate Inquietar, Inquietar, disquiet Inquirir, Inquirir, inquire Inscribir, Inscribir, inscribe; register Insertar, Insertar, insert Insinuar, Insinuar, insinuate Insistir, Insistir, insist Inspeccionar, Inspeccionar, inspect; survey Inspirar(se), Inspirar(se), inspire Instalar, Instalar, install Instigar, Instigar, instigate Instituir, Instituir, institute Instruir, Instruir, entrenar entrenar,, instruct Insuflar, Insuflar, insufflate Integrar, Integrar, integrate Intentar, Intentar, intend; endeavor; tru Intensificar, Intensificar, intensify Interceder Interceder,, intercede Interesar Interesar(se), (se), interest Interferir, Interferir, inmiscuirse, inmiscuirse, interfere Internar, Internar, intern Interponer, Interponer, interpose Intepretar Intepretar,, interpret Intervenir, Intervenir, intervene

Interrogar Interrogar,, question; interrogate Interrumpir, Interrumpir, disturb; interrupt Intimidar, Intimidar, intimidate Intitular, Intitular, entitle Intoxicarse, emborracharse emborracharse,, intoxicate Intranquilizar, Intranquilizar, disquiet Intrigar, Intrigar, intrigue Introducir Introducir,, presentar presentar,, introduce Inundar, Inundar, flood; inundate Invadir, Invadir, invade Inventar, Inventar, invent Invertir, Invertir, volver al revés revés,, invert Invertir (dinero), Invertir (dinero), invest Investigar, Investigar, investigate; search; research Invitar, Invitar, invite Invocar, Invocar, invoke Inyectar, Inyectar, inject Irse, Irse, depart Irradiar, Irradiar, radiate; eradiate Irrigar, Irrigar, irrigate Irritar, Irritar, vex; irritate Izar, Izar, hoist – J – Jactarse, Jactarse, brag Jadear, Jadear, pant Jalar, Jalar, pull Jubilarse, Jubilarse, retire Jugar, Jugar, play Jugar (dinero), Jugar (dinero), gamble Juntar, Juntar, unir u nir,, joint; adjoint; gather; unite, assemble Justificar, Justificar, justify Juzgar, Juzgar, judge

Juzgar mal, mal, misjudge – L – Labrar, Labrar, carve Lactar, Lactar, lactate Ladrar, Ladrar, bark Lamen íar(se), Lamen íar(se), lament; complain; mourn; moan; regret Lamer, Lamer, lick Lanzar, Lanzar, flip Lanzar, Lanzar, launch Lapidar, Lapidar, lapidate Lastimar, Lastimar, wound Latir, Latir, palpitate Lavar, Lavar, wash Laxar, Laxar, loose Lazar, Lazar, lasso Legalizar, Legalizar, legalize Legislar, Legislar, legislate Lesionar, Lesionar, wound Levantar, Levantar, lift; raise Liar, Liar, tie Libar, Libar, sip; suck Libertar, Libertar, free; liberate; emancipate Librar, Librar, liberate Licenciar, Licenciar, dismiss Licuar, Licuar, liquefy Lijar, Lijar, sandpaper Limar, Limar, lime Limitar, Limitar, limit Limpiar, Limpiar, clean Limpiar frotando frotando,, wipe Linchar, Linchar, lynch Liquidar, Liquidar, liquidate

Litigar, Litigar, litigate Litografiar, Litografiar, litograph Lograr, Lograr, attain Lubricar, Lubricar, lubricate Luchari struggle Luchar, Luchar, luchar con, forcejear forcejear,, wrestle Lustrar, Lustrar, polish; shine LL – – LL – Llagar, Llagar, wound Llamar, Llamar, call; recall Llegar, Llegar, arribar, arribar, arrive Llegar, Llegar, llegar a, a, reach Llenar, Llenar, fill Llevar cargando cargando,, carry Llevar, Llevar, transportar, transportar, convey Llorar, Llorar, cry Llover, Llover, rain Lloviznar, Lloviznar, drizzle – M – Machacar, Machacar, crush; pound Madurar, Madurar, ripen Magnetizar, Magnetizar, magnetize Maldecir, Maldecir, curse; damn Malgastar, Malgastar, waste Maltratar, Maltratar, ill-treat; outrage Manar, Manar, flow Manchar stain Manchar stain Mandar, Mandar, command Manejar, Manejar, handle Manejar, Manejar, dirigir, dirigir, administrar, administrar, manage Manifestar, Manifestar, manifest Maniobrar, Maniobrar, maneuvre

Manipular, Manipular, manipulate Manotear, Manotear, smack Mantener, Mantener, maintain; sustain Manufacturar, Manufacturar, manufacture Marcar Marcar,, brand; check; label; mark Marcar Marcar,, señalar, señalar, mark Marcar Marcar (en (en depor tes), score Marchar Marchar,, march Marcharse Marcharse,, depart Marchitarse Marchitarse,, fade Martillar, Martillar, hammer Masajear, Masajear, massage Mascar, Mascar, masticate Masticar, Masticar, masticate Masticar, Masticar, rumiar, rumiar, chew Matar, Matar, kill Matar de hambre hambre, starve Matricular, Matricular, enlist; matriculate Maullar, Maullar, miar; mew miar; mew Mecerse, Mecerse, rock Medir, Medir, measure Meditar, Meditar, meditate Mejorar, Mejorar, better Mencionar, Mencionar, mention Mendigar, Mendigar, beg Menear stir Menear stir Menguar, Menguar, dwindle Menospreciar Menospreciar,, despise Merecer Merecer,, deserve Mezclar, Mezclar, mix Militar, Militar, militate Mirar, Mirar, mirarse, mirarse, look

Mirar con ira o ceño, ceño, glower; scowl Mirar fijamente, fijamente, stare Mitigar, Mitigar, mitigate, temper; ease Modelar, Modelar, moldear, moldear, model Moderarse, Moderarse, moderate; temper Modernizar, Modernizar, modernize Modificar, Modificar, modify Mofarse, Mofarse, mock Moler, Moler, grind Molestar, Molestar, bother, annoy; tease; vex Molestarse, Molestarse, trouble oneself Mondar, Mondar, pelar, pelar, shell Monopolizar, Monopolizar, monopolize Morir, Morir, àie; decease àie; decease Morir de hambre hambre, starve Mostrar, Mostrar, display Mortificar, Mortificar, mortify M over (sé ), ), move Movilizar, Movilizar, mobilize Mudar las plumas las aves aves, moult multar, multar, fine Multiplicar(se), Multiplicar(se), multiply Murmurar, Murmurar, murmur Murmurar, Murmurar, gossip Murmurar, Murmurar, cuchichear, cuchichear, whisper Murmurar (un Murmurar (un arroyo), warble – N – Nacionalizar(se), Nacionalizar(se), nationalize Narrar, Narrar, narrate Naturalizarse, Naturalizarse, naturalize Naufragar, Naufragar, wreck Navegar, Navegar, sail; navegate; voyage

Necesitar, Necesitar, need; necessitate; lack; require; want Negar, Negar, deny Negociar, Negociar, negotiate Negociar, Negociar, trade; traffic; transact Neutralizar, Neutralizar, neutralize Nombrad, Nombrad, name; nominate; appoint No quedar bien (prendas bien (prendas de vestir), misfit Normalizar, Normalizar, normalize; standardize Notar, Notar, note Notar, Notar, advertir, advertir, mirar, mirar, notice Notificar, Notificar, notify Numerar, Numerar, number Nutrir, Nutrir, nourish – O – O be decer, decer, obey Objetar, oponerse, oponerse, object Obligar, Obligar, oblige Oscurecer, Oscurecer, blacken; darken; dim Observar, Observar, observe; watch Obstruir, Obstruir, obstruct Obtener, Obtener, obtain Ocupar, Ocupar, occuppy Ocurrir, Ocurrir, occur Ofender, Ofender, offend; harm; wound Oficiar, Oficiar, officiate Ofrecer, Ofrecer, offer Omitir, Omitir, omit Ondear, Ondear, undulate; wave Ondular, Ondular, undulate Ondular el cabello, cabello, wave Operar, Operar, operate Oponer, Oponer, oppose

Oprimir, Oprimir, oppress Orar, Orar, pray Ordenar, Ordenar, order; command Ordeñar, Ordeñar, milk Organizar, Organizar, organize Originar, Originar, originate Oscilar, Oscilar, oscillate Otorgar, Otorgar, grant Oxidar, Oxidar, oxidize Oxigenar, Oxigenar, oxygenate – P – Pacer, Pacer, graze Pacificar, Pacificar, pacify Padecer, Padecer, suffer Palidecer, Palidecer, fade Palidecer, Palidecer, perder perder el color, color, pale alpar, alpar, touch Palpitar, Palpitar, palpitate Paralizar(se), Paralizar(se), paialize Pararse, detenerse detenerse,, stop Parecer Parecer,, seem Parpadear, Parpadear, twinkle; wink; blink Participar, Participar, participate Partir, Partir, part; start Pasar, Pasar, pass; elapse Pasar por alto, alto, overpass Pasearse, Pasearse, stroll Pasmar, Pasmar, astonish astar, astar, graze, pasture Pasteurizar, Pasteurizar, pasteurize Pastorear Pastorear,, pasture Patear, Patear, kick

Patentar, Patentar, patent Patinar, Patinar, skate Patinar (una Patinar (una rueda), skid Patrocinar Patrocinar,, patronize Patrullar, Patrullar, patrol Pavimentar, Pavimentar, pave Pecar, Pecar, sin Pedir, Pedir, ask; request Pedir prestado prestado,, borrow Pedir, Pedir, ordenar ordenar,, order Pegar, Pegar, knock Pegar con cola, cola, glue Peinar, Peinar, comb Peinarse, Peinarse, comb one’s hair Pelar, Pelar, desplumar, desplumar, pluck Pelar(se), Pelar(se), peel; shell Pelear, Pelear, quarrel; combat Pellizcar pinch Pellizcar pinch Penetrar, Penetrar, penetrate Pensionar, Pensionar, pension Percibir Percibir,, perceive Perder Perder,, miss Perdonar Perdonar,, condonar, condonar, condone Perdonar Perdonar,, pardon Perecer Perecer,, perish Perfeccionar, Perfeccionar, perfect Perjorar, Perjorar, perforate Perfvmar(se), Perfvmar(se), perfume Perifonear, Perifonear, broadcast Perjudicar, Perjudicar, harm; impaii Permanecer, Permanecer, remain; stay Permitir, Permitir, permit; allow

Permutar, Permutar, barter; interchange Perpetrar, Perpetrar, perpetrate Perpetuar, Perpetuar, perpetuate Perseguir, Perseguir, persecute; chase; persue Perseverar, Perseverar, persevere Persistir persist Persistir persist Personificar, Personificar, personalize Persuadir, Persuadir, persuade Pertenecer, Pertenecer, belong Perturbar, Perturbar, disturb Pervertir, Pervertir, pervert Pesar, Pesar, weigh Petrificar(se), Petrificar(se), petrify Picar, Picar, itch Picar con espuelas espuelas, spur Picotear, Picotear, picar, picar, peck Pintar, Pintar, paint Pintar, Pintar, describir, describir, imaginarse, imaginarse, picture Pisar, Pisar, step Pitar, Pitar, whistle Plagiar, Plagiar, plagiarize Planchar, Planchar, press; iron Planear, Planear, pensar, pensar, plan Plantar, Plantar, plant Platicar, Platicar, talk; chat Poblar, Poblar, populate Podar, Podar, prune Poner en libertad, libertad, release Poner en peligro peligro, imperil Poner en vigor, vigor, enforce Poner la dirección dirección,, address Poner la rayita a la t , cross the t

Poner punto a la i,i, dot the i Popularizar, Popularizar, popularize Portarse, Portarse, behave Portarse mal, mal, misbehave Poseer, Poseer, possess; own Posponer, Posponer, postpone Postrarse, prosternarse prosternarse,, prostrate Postular, Postular, postulate Practicar, Practicar, practice; exercise Preceder Preceder,, precede Precipitarse Precipitarse,, rush; precipitate Predecir Predecir,, pronosticate; predict Predicar Predicar,, preach Predicar Predicar,, proclamar proclamar,, predicate; sermonize Preferir Preferir,, prefer Preguntar Preguntar,, ask; question Preguntarse, Preguntarse, desear saber saber,, wonder Premeditar Premeditar,, premeditate Premiar Premiar,, reward Prensar Prensar,, exprimir, exprimir, press Preocuparse Preocuparse,, worry Preparar Preparar,, prepare Prescribir Prescribir,, prescribe Presentar Presentar,, present; introduce Presenciar Presenciar,, witness Presentar Presentar,, exhibir, exhibir, exhibit; display Presentar Presentar,, someter, someter, subject; submit Preservar Preservar,, preserve Presidir Presidir,, preside Presionar Presionar,, presure Prestar Prestar,, loan Presumir Presumir,, aparentar aparentar,, pretender pretender,, pretend

Presumir Presumir,, suponer, suponer, presume Presuponer Presuponer,, presuppose Pretender Pretender,, aparentar aparentar,, pretend Prevalecer Prevalecer,, prevail Prevenir Prevenir,, evitar, evitar, impedir, impedir, prevent Prevenir Prevenir,, warn Principiar, Principiar, start Probar Probar,, comprobar comprobar,, demostrar, demostrar, prove Probar Probar,, intentar, intentar, try Proceder Proceder,, proceed Proclamar Proclamar,, proclaim Procrea Procrearr, procreate; engender Procurar Procurar,, procure Producir Producir,, produce; yield; generate Profanar Profanar,, profane Profesar Profesar,, profess Profetizar Profetizar,, prophesy Progres Progresar ar,, progress; improve Prohibir Prohibir,, prohibit Prolongar Prolongar,, prolong Prometer Prometer,, promise Promover Promover,, fomentar, fomentar, promote Promulgar Promulgar,, promulgate; issue Pronosticar Pronosticar,, prognosticate Pronunciar Pronunciar,, pronounce Propagar Propagar,, propagate Propender Propender,, tend Propiciar Propiciar,, propitiate Proponer Proponer(se), (se), propose; aim Proporc Proporcionar ionar,, furnish; provide; supply Proscribir Proscribir,, proscribe Proseguir Proseguir,, proceed; prosecute

Proseguir Proseguir,, pursue Prosperar Prosperar,, prosper; flourish Prostituir Prostituir,, prostitute Proteger Proteger,, protect Protestar Protestar,, declarar, declarar, protest Proveer Proveer,, provide; cater; supply; store Provocar Provocar,, provoke Proyectar Proyectar,, trazar, trazar, project Publicar, Publicar, publish; issue Pudrirse, Pudrirse, rot; decompose Pulir, Pulir, shine; burnish Pulverizar, Pulverizar, pulverize Puntear, Puntear, perforar, perforar, puncture Punzar, Punzar, picar, picar, pinchar, pinchar, espinar, espinar, prick Purgar Purgar,, purge Purgar Purgar,, expiar, expiar, expíate Purificar, Purificar, purify – Q – Quebrar, Quebrar, crash; smash Quebrantar, Quebrantar, transgress Quedarse, Quedarse, remain; stay Quedarle a uno (una uno (una prenda de vestir), fit Quejarse, Quejarse, complain Quejarse, Quejarse, regret; lament Quemar, Quemar, burn; flame; scald; tan Querer, desear, desear, want; wish Querer (de Querer (de simpatía), like Quitar, Quitar, remove – R – – Rabiar, Rabiar, rage Racionar, Racionar, ration Ragliar, Ragliar, broadcast

Radicarse, Radicarse, radicate Raer, Raer, scratch; scrape Rajar, Rajar, cortar, cortar, slice Rajarse, Rajarse, crack Rallar, Rallar, grate Ramificarse, Ramificarse, sprout Rasar, Rasar, skim Rascar, Rascar, scrape Rasgar, Rasgar, rip Rasguñar, Rasguñar, scratch Raspar, Raspar, scratch Rastrear Rastrear,, trail Rastrillar, Rastrillar, rake Ratificar, Ratificar, ratify Rayar, Rayar, trazar, trazar, line Razonar, Razonar, reason Reaccionar, Reaccionar, react Realizar, Realizar, accomplish; realize Realzar, Realzar, enhance Reanudar, Reanudar, resume Reaparecer Reaparecer,, reappear Rebajar, Rebajar, underrate Rebasar, Rebasar, overpass Rebelarse, Rebelarse, rebel; revolt Rebotar, Rebotar, rebound Rebuznar bray Rebuznar bray Recalcar, Recalcar, accentuate; emphasize Recalentar, Recalentar, rehat Recargarse Recargarse,, lean Recaudar, Recaudar, gather Recibir, Recibir, receive Recibir, Recibir, dar la bienvenida, bienvenida, welcome

Reclinarse, Reclinarse, recline, lean Reciprocar Reciprocar,, recite Recitar, Recitar, recite Reclamar, Reclamar, reclaim; claim Reclutar, Reclutar, recruit Recobrar, Recobrar, recover Recoger, Recoger, levantar, levantar, pick Recoger, Recoger, gather Recomendar, Recomendar, recommend; commend Recompensar, Recompensar, reward; recompense Reconciliar, Reconciliar, reconcile Reconocer, Reconocer, recognize; acknowledge Reconquistar, Reconquistar, reconquer Reconsiderar, Reconsiderar, reconsider Reconstruir, Reconstruir, reconstruct Recopilar, Recopilar, digest Recordar Recordar,, remember; remind; recall Recostarse; recline; Recostarse; recline; lean Recrear Recrear(se), (se), recreate Rectificar, Rectificar, rectify Recuperar, Recuperar, recobrar recobrar la salud, reponerse reponerse,, recuperate, recover Rechazar, Rechazar, rehusar rehusar,, refuse, reject Redactar, Redactar, redact Redimir, Redimir, amortizar, amortizar, redeem Reditar, Reditar, yield Redoblar, Redoblar, redouble Reducir, Reducir, reduce Redundar, Redundar, redounde Reelegir, Reelegir, reelect Reembolsar, Reembolsar, reimburse Reemplazar, Reemplazar, replace Reestablecer, Reestablecer, reestablish

Referir, Referir, refer Refinar, Refinar, refine Reflejar, Reflejar, reflect Reflexionar, Reflexionar, reflect Reformar(se), Reformar(se), reform Reforzar, Reforzar, reenforce; reinforce Refrenarse Refrenarse,, refrain Refrendar Refrendar,, authorize; vise Refrescar Refrescar,, refresh; cool Refrigerar, Refrigerar, refrigerate Refunfuñar, Refunfuñar, mutter Refutar, Refutar, refute Regañar, Regañar, scold Regar, Regar, esparcir esparcir sprinkle sprinkle Regar, Regar, irrigate; water Regatear, Regatear, bargain; haggle Regenerar, Regenerar, regenerate Registrar, Registrar, grabar, grabar, archivar archivar,, record Regocijarse, Regocijarse, rejoice Regresar Regresar,, return Regularizar, Regularizar, regulate Rehusar, Rehusar, refuse; decline Reimprimir, Reimprimir, reprint Remar, Remar, reigh Reingresar Reingresar,, reenter Reintegrar, Reintegrar, reembolsar reembolsar,, reimburse Reintegrar, Reintegrar, reintegrate Re ir, ir, laugh Reír entre entre dientes, dientes, chuckle; titter Reiterar, Reiterar, reiterate Rejuvenecer, Rejuvenecer, rejuvenate Relampaguear, Relampaguear, lighten; flash

Relatar, Relatar, narrate; relate Relegar, Relegar, relegate Relevar, Relevar, release Relinchar, Relinchar, neigh Relucir, Relucir, glow; glitter; shine Rellenar, Rellenar, stuff; refill Remachar, Remachar, rivet Remar, Remar, row; paddle Remedar, Remedar, mimic Remediar, Remediar, remedy; relieve Remendar, Remendar, darn; mend Remitir, Remitir, remit; enclose; forward Remolcar, Remolcar, tow; trail; tug Remontarse, Remontarse, soar Remover, Remover, remove Remunerar, Remunerar, remunerate Rendirse, Rendirse, surrender Renovar, Renovar, renovate; renew Renquear, Renquear, limp Renunciar, Renunciar, resign; renounce Reñir, Reñir, quarrel Reorganizar Reorganizar,, reorganize reorganize Reparar, Reparar, repair Repartir, Repartir, share Repasar, Repasar, review Repatriar, Repatriar, repatriate Repeler, Repeler, repel Repercutir Repercutir,, resound; rebound; sound Repetir, Repetir, repeat Reponer, Reponer, replace Reponerse, Reponerse, recover Reposar, Reposar, repose

Reprender Reprender,, scold Representar Representar,, represent; perform Representar Representar,, simbolizar, simbolizar, typify Reprimir, Reprimir, repress, restrain Reprobar Reprobar un examen, examen, flunk Reprochar Reprochar,, reproach Reproducir Reproducir,, reproduce Repu luir, luir, re pulse Requerir, Requerir, require Rescatar, Rescatar, rescue Rescatar, Rescatar, redimir redimir,, ransom Resentirse, Resentirse, resent Reservar, Reservar, reserve Residir, Residir, reside Resignarse, Resignarse, resign; oneself; resign Resistir, Resistir, resist Resolver, Resolver, solucionar, solucionar, solve Resolverse, tornar tornar un acuerdo acuerdo,, resolve Resonar, Resonar, resound; resonate Resoplar, Resoplar, bu jar, jar, snort Respaldar, Respaldar, back Respetar, Respetar, respect Respirar, Respirar, breathe; respire Resplandecer, Resplandecer, relucir relucir,, relumbrar relumbrar,, glare; glitter; sparkle Responder, Responder, reply; answer; respond Restablecerse, Restablecerse, recover Restar, Restar, subtract Restaurar, Restaurar, restore Restregar Restregar,, rub Restringir, Restringir, restrict, stint Resucitar, Resucitar, resuscitale Resultar, Resultar, result

Resumir, Resumir, resume Resurgir Resurgir,, resurge Retardar Retardar,, retard Retener, Retener, retain Retirarse, Retirarse, retire Retocar, Retocar, retouch Retoñar, Retoñar, sprout Retozar, Retozar, frolic Retractarse, Retractarse, retract Retrasar, Retrasar, retard Retroceder Retroceder,, retrocede; revert Retumbar, Retumbar, thunder; rumble Reunir, Reunir, gather; reunite Reverenciar Reverenciar,, reverence Revisar, Revisar, revise Revivir, Revivir, revive Revocar, Revocar, derogar derogar,, revoke Revoira ionar, ionar, revolutionalize Rezar, Rezar, pray Ridiculizar, Ridiculizar, ridicule Rifar, Rifar, raffle Rimar, Rimar, verse Rivalizar, Rivalizar, rival Rizar, Rizar, curl Robar, Robar, rob Robustecer, Robustecer, streghten Rociar, Rociar, salpicar, salpicar, splash; drizzle Rodar, Rodar, roll Rodear, Rodear, surround Roer, Roer, gnaw Rogar, Rogar, beg; request; ask Romper, Romper, smash

Roncar, Roncar, snore Rotular, Rotular, label Ruborizarse, Ruborizarse, blush Rugir, Rugir, roar Rumiar, Rumiar, ruminate Rutilar, Rutilar, sparkle; twinkle – S – Saber, Saber, learn Sabotear, Sabotear, sa botage Sacar llave, llave, unlock Sacar punta, punta, sharpen Sacrificar, Sacrificar, sacrify Sacudir, Sacudir, dust Sacudir, zarandear, zarandear, jerk Salar, Salar, salt Salir mal en un examen, examen, flunk Salpicar, Salpicar, splash; sprinkle; drizzle Saltar, Saltar, jump; leap; frisk; skip Saludar, Saludar, greet Saludar (con Saludar (con inclinación de cabeza), bow Sanar, Sanar, heal Saquear, Saquear, pillage Satisfacer, Satisfacer, satisfy Saturar, Saturar, saturate Sazonar, Sazonar, season Sazonar, Sazonar, madurar mad urar,, ripen Secar(se), Secar(se), dry Secar, enjuagar, frotar, frotar, wipe Secuestrar, Secuestrar, kidnap Seducir, Seducir, seduce; entice Segar, Segar, crop Segregar, separar, separar, segregate

Seguir, Seguir, follow; proceed Seguir el rastro o la pista, pista, trail Seleccionar, Seleccionar, select Sellar, Sellar, seal Sembrar, Sembrar, sow; plant Sentar, Sentar, seat Sentar, venir bien, bien, suit Sentenciar, condenar, condenar, sentence Señalar, Señalar, point Señalar, marcar, marcar, mark Separar, Separar, separate; detatch Separar con guión, guión, hyphenate Separase, partir, partir, part Sepultar, Sepultar, bury Ser ejemplo de, de, typify Sermonear, Sermonear, predicar, predicar, sermonize Servir, Servir, servir servi r a, a, serve Servir de escarmiento, escarmiento, warn Significar, denotar, denotar, signify Simbolizar, Simbolizar, symbolize Simpatizar, compadecer, compadecer, sympathize Simplificar, Simplificar, simplify Simular, Simular, simulate Sindicalizarse, Sindicalizarse, syndicate Sisear, Sisear, hiss Sitiar, Sitiar, besiege Sobar, Sobar, massage Sobornar, Sobornar, brise Sobrepasar, Sobrepasar, surpass Sobrepujar, Sobrepujar, surpass Sobresalir, Sobresalir, feature Sobrevenir, Sobrevenir, supervene

Sobrevivir, Sobrevivir, survive Socabar, Socabar, undermine Socorrer, Socorrer, assist Sofisticar, Sofisticar, sofisticate Sofocar, Sofocar, suffocate Sojuzgar, Sojuzgar, subjugate; subdue; subject Soldar, Soldar, weld; solder Solemnizar, Solemnizar, solemnize Solicitar, Solicitar, solicit; request; ask Soltar, Soltar, loose; loosen; untie Soltar, poner en libertad, libertad, release Soltarse, Soltarse, slip Sollozar, Sollozar, sob Sombrear, Sombrear, dar da r sombra somb ra,, shade Someter, Someter, presentar, presentar, subject; submit Sonar, resonar, resonar, sound; jingle Sonar produciendo tictac, tictac, tick Sonreir(se), Sonreir(se), smile Sonrojarse, Sonrojarse, blush Soñar, Soñar, dream Soportar, Soportar, endure Sorber, Sorber, sip Sorprender(se), Sorprender(se), surprise Sospechar, Sospechar, suspect Sostener, mantener, mantener, sustain; mantain Suavizar, Suavizar, smooth Subir, Subir, climb Sublevarse, Sublevarse, rebel; revolt Sublimar, exaltar, exaltar, sublime Subordinar, Subordinar, subordinate Subrayar, Subrayar, underline Subsistir, Subsistir, subsist; exist

Substraer, Substraer, restar, restar, substract Subvencionar, Subvencionar, subsidize Subyugar, Subyugar, subdue; subjugate Suceder, Suceder, happen Sucumbir, Sucumbir, succumb Sudar, Sudar, perspire; transpire Sufrir, Sufrir, suffer; endure Sugerir, Sugerir, suggest; hint Sujetar, sojuzgar, sojuzgar, subject Sumergir(se), Sumergir(se), submerge; inmerge; plunge Suministrar, Suministrar, furnish Superar, Superar, surpass Supervisar, Supervisar, supervise Suplantar, Suplantar, supplant Suplicar, Suplicar, plead; request; beg Suponer, Suponer, suppose; guess; presume Suprimir, Suprimir, suppress Supurar, Supurar, suppurate Surtir, Surtir, supply; cater; furnish; asort Suscribir, Suscribir, subscribe Suspender, Suspender, suspend Suspirar, Suspirar, sigh Suspirar, anhelar, anhelar, long (for) Sustituir, Sustituir, substitute Susurrar, Susurrar, whisper – T – Taladrar, Taladrar, drill; pierce Tallar, Tallar, carve Tambalear, Tambalear, totter; stagger Tapar, Tapar, cover Tapizar, Tapizar, upholster Tararear, Tararear, hum

Tartamudear, Tartamudear, stammer Tasar, Tasar, appraise; rate Tatuar, Tatuar, tatoo Tejer, Tejer, knit Telefonear, Telefonear, phone; telephone Telegrafiar, Telegrafiar, telegraph Temblar, Temblar, tremble; quake; totter; quiver; shiver Temer, Temer, fear Tender ende r, propender propend er,, tend Tener éxito, éxito, succeed Tentar, Tentar, tempt; entice Teñir, Teñir, dye Terminar, Terminar, finish; end Testificar estifi car,, declarar, declarar, testify; witness Timar, Timar, swindle Timonear, Timonear, pilot Tiranizar, Tiranizar, tyranize Tirar, arrojar, arrojar, pitch Tirar de, de, hawl; pull; tug Tirar, jalar; drag jalar; drag Tiritar, Tiritar, shiver; quiver Titilar, Titilar, twinkle; scintillate Titubear, Titubear, hesitate; stagger Titular, Titular, entitle; title Tocar, tentar, palpar, palpar, touch Tocar, Tocar, knock Tocar un instrumento, instrumento, play Tolerar, Tolerar, tolerate Torcer, Torcer, twist Tornear, Tornear, turn Torpedear, Torpedear , torpedo Toser, Toser, cough

Tostar, Tostar, roast; toast Tostar, curtir, quemar, quemar, tan Totalizar, Totalizar, totalize Trabajar, Trabajar, work Traducir, Traducir, translate Traer, Traer, fetch Traficar, Traficar, traffic; deal; trade Tragar, Tragar, swallow Traicionar, Traicionar, betray Trampear, Trampear, swindle Transbordar, Transbordar, tranfer Transcribir, Transcribir, transcribe Transcurrir, Transcurrir, elapse Transferir, Transferir, trasladar, trasladar , transfer Transfigurar, Transfigurar, transfigure Transformar, Transformar, transform Transgredir, Transgredir, trangress Transmitir, Transmitir, transmit Transmutar, Transmutar, transmute Transpirar, sudar, sudar, transpire Trasplantar, Trasplantar, trasplant Transportar, Transportar, transport; convey; carry Trascender, Trascender, trascend Trasladar(se), Trasladar(se), move; transfer Traslapar, Traslapar, overlap Traspasar, Traspasar, trespass Tratar, probar, intentar, intentar, try Tratar, Tratar, treat Tratar, atender (a atender (a los enfermos), treat Trazar, Trazar, trace; line Tremolar, Tremolar, wave Trepar, Trepar, climb

Trillar, Trillar, thresh Trinar, Trinar, trill Triplicar, Triplicar, triplicate Triturar, Triturar, triturate Triunfar, Triunfar, succeed; triumph Tronar, Tronar, thunder Tropezar, Tropezar, stumble Trotar, Trotar, trot Truncar, Truncar, truncate Tumbar, Tumbar, tumble Turbar, Turbar, embarrass – U – Unificar, Unificar, unify Uniformar, Uniformar, standardize; make uniform Unir, Unir, unite Untar, Untar, smear – V – Vacar, Vacar, vacate Vaciar, Vaciar, empty Vacilar, Vacilar, vacillate; hesitate; totter Vacunar, Vacunar, vaccinate Vadear, Vadear, wade; ford Vagar; wander; Vagar; wander; rDam; stroll Valuar, valorar, valorar, value; price; rate Vapulear, Vapulear, whale Vegetar, Vegetar, vegetate Vejar, Vejar, vex Velar un muerto; wake muerto; wake Veneer, dominar, dominar, master Veneer, Veneer, vanquish Vendar, Vendar, bandage Vender al menudeo, al detalle, detalle, retail

Vender al por mayor, mayor, wholesale Venerar, Venerar, venerate Venirle bien a uno una prenda de vestir, vestir , fit; suit Ventilar, Ventilar, ventilate; window Verificar, erificar, justificar justif icar,, verify Verse, mirarse, mirarse , look Versificar, Versificar , verse Verter, Verter, spili; pour Vestir(se), Vestir(se), dress Vetar, Vetar, veto Viajar, Viajar, travel Viajar, por mar, navegar, navegar, voyage; cruise Vibrar, Vibrar, vibrate Viciar, Viciar, vitiate Victimar, Victimar, victimize Vigilar, Vigilar, watch Vigorizar, Vigorizar, invigorate Vindicarse, vengarse, vengarse, vindicate Violar, iolar, infringir infring ir,, violate Violar, deshonrar a una mujer, mujer, violate Visitar, Visitar, visit Vitalizar, Vitalizar, vitalize Vituperar, Vituperar, vituperate Vivir, Vivir, live Vocalizar, Vocalizar, vocalize Vocear, Vocear, shout Vociferar, Vociferar, vociferate; shout Volar, revolotear, revolotear, wing Volcar, Volcar, overturn Volver, Volver, return Vomitar, Vomitar, vomit Votar, votar por, por, vote

Votar, Votar, poll Vulcanizar, Vulcanizar, vulcanize Vulgarizar, Vulgarizar, vulgarize – Z – Zafarse, Zafarse, slip Zambullirse, Zambullirse, dive; plunch Zanjar, Zanjar, ditch Zigzaguear, Zigzaguear, zigzag Zozobrar, Zozobrar, capsize; wreck Zumbir, Zumbir, huz; hum Zurear, Zurear, furrow Zurcir, Zurcir, darn Zurrar, Zurrar, whip; tan

EJERCICIOS Primer Grupo Clasificación: OUGHT Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. John wants ________ ________ ________ ________ a new TV set. (buy) (buy) 2. He ________ his sister sister to the party last Friday. Friday. (bring) 3. I ________ ________ about about him a lot lately. lately. (think) 4. He came ________ ________ ________ ________ my advice. (seek) 5. They ________ ________ a lot when they were married. married. (fight) 6. ________ you you ________ groceries groceries yesterday? yesterday? (buy) (buy) 7. The Bible says says “________ and you will find.” find.” (seek) 8. My uncle ________ ________ in Vietnam. Vietnam. (fight) 9. I’m sorry. sorry. I forgot ________ ________ ________ you the book. (bring) 10. ________ you ________ it’s it’s true? (think) (think) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did Alison buy a new car? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Have you bought her a present? present? No, I _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 3. Did he fight in the war? No, he ________________________ ________________________________. ________. 4. Did she seek some advice? Yes, she _______________________________. 5. Have you brought me that book? Yes, I _________________________________. 6. Did John bring his friend to the party? Yes, he ________________________________. 7. Have you thought about it? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________.

8. Did he think of her yesterday? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, when I was young, young, I did not fight a lot with my brother. brother. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, John and Alice fight fight constantly. constantly. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, I buy the newspaper every day. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, I have bought bought her a birthday present. present. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, they brought many many presents when they they came. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, I haven’t haven’t brought the book for you. you. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, I think it’s it’s a good idea. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, I have thought about about him a lot lately. lately. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: EE o EA, E-T Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. He ________ ________ very little last night. (sleep) 2. I don’t like ________ ________ ________ my my money in a bank account. account. (keep) 3. ________ you you ________ the floor lately? (sweep) (sweep) 4. She ________ ________ when she heard the news. news. (weep) 5. Have you ________ the the receipt? (keep) 6. We ________ each other last year. year. (meet) 7. I ________ ________ ________ a little depressed depressed lately. lately. (feel) 8. They ________ ________ yesterday without saying good-bye. good-bye. (leave) (leave) 9. I usually ________ ________ eight hours a day. day. (sleep) 10. ________ you ever ________ ________ my brother? brother? (meet) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa.

1. Did you sleep well last night? No, I _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 2. Did he keep the book? Yes, he _______________________________. 3. Have they swept the floor? No, they __________________________ ______________________________. ____. 4. Have you met my sister? No, I _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 5. Did they leave after the concert? Yes, they ______________________________. 6. Have you kept in contact? No, we _________________________ _______________________________. ______. 7. Did you feel feel happy when you saw him? Yes, I ________________________________. 8. Did she kneel during mass? Yes, she ______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, he slept on the sofa last night. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, they didn’t meet in Mexico. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, they have left. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, I swept the floor yesterday. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, my mother wept at her brother’s brother’s funeral. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, I didn’t didn’t feel feel very tired tired last night. night. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. No, my cat has has not often crept crept up on me. me. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, I have always slept slept with the window open.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. Yes, the little boy knelt before before the queen. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. Yes, we meet for coffee coffee every morning. morning. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: EE o EA, E-T Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. He ________ with clients every every day. day. (deal) 2. I ________ never with such such a rude person. (deal) (deal) 3. When the alarm rang, rang, I ________ out of bed this morning. (leap) 4. People ________ ________ in caves during the Stone Stone Age. (dwell) 5. She often ________ to conclusions. conclusions. (leap) 6. He ________ to call her yesterday yesterday.. (mean) 7. I ________ ________ to call call you for a long time. (mean) (mean) 8. My cat likes ________ ________ ________ around around the room. (leap) (leap) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Have you ever dealt with him? No, I _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 2. Did Susan mean what she said? Yes, she _______________________________. 3. Does your cat always leap around the room? No, my cat _____________________________. _____________________________. 4. Did primitive man dwell in caves? Yes, primitive man _______________________. 5. Do you deal with a lot of customers? customers? Yes, I _________________________________. 6. Did the dolphins dolphins leap through the hoops? Yes, the dolphins ________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, modern man does not dwell in caves. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, John always means means what he says.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, the dog leapt at me. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, she didn’t mean mean to offend offend him. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, Mary has dealt dealt with many important clients. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the cat has has leapt onto the the sofa. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: D, T Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. We ________ you the merchandise merchandise last week. week. (send) 2. He ________ ________ ________ a lot of money on clothes clothes lately. lately. (spend) 3. I don’t don’t like ________ ________ my books. (lend) 4. My parents ________ me some money last month. (lend) 5. They ________ the the new train station last year. year. (build) 6. She ________ ________ the letter yesterday yesterday.. (send) 7. They want ________ ________ ________ a garage garage behind the house. house. (build) 8. They ________ a lot of time together last year. year. (spend) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did you send send off off the package? package? Yes, I _________________________________. 2. Have they built a new airport? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 3. Does John spend spend a lot of money on books? books? Yes, he ________________________________. 4. Have they spent all the money? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 5. Did your father build that house? Yes, he ________________________________. 6. Do you send a lot of e-mails? e-mails? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________.

7. Did your parents lend lend you the money? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 8. Did John lend you his car? Yes, he Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, I did not lend John that book. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, I spent a lot of time on that that project. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, they have have built a new museum. museum. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, she bent bent down to kiss the child. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, Susan sent me an an e-mail last week. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, they do not not want to build a new park. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, Mary always lends her sister money. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. No, Tom Tom has not spent a lot of money money lately. lately. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: I, U Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. That washing machine machine ________ clothes automatically automatically.. (wring) 2. She ________ ________ ________ the clothes out out to dry. dry. (hang) 3. Puppies often often ________ ________ to their mothers. (cling) (cling) 4. The little girl ________ to her father when the storm storm began. (cling) 5. I don’t think a bee bee ________ ever ever ________ me. (sting) (sting) 6. The mosquitoes ________ her her a lot last night. night. (sting) 7. John ________ the the posters on the wall yesterday yesterday.. (stick) 8. Peter likes ________ ________ ________ ________ the piano keys hard. (strike) (strike) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa.

1. Did the washing washing machine wring the clothes? Yes, it ________________________________. 2. Has John hung the painting? No, he ________________________ ________________________________. ________. 3. Did the mosquitoes mosquitoes sting you last night? night? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 4. Did the puppy cling to its mother? Yes, it ________________________________. 5. Has a bee ever stung you? Yes, a bee ______________________________. 6. Did Ann stick stick the labels labels on the folders? Yes, she _______________________________. 7. Did he strike strike a match match to light the fire? Yes, he ________________________________. 8. Did he hang up on you? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, a wasp has just stung me. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, the little boy clung to his mother. mother. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, John wrung out the clothes yesterday yesterday. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, I did not stick a stamp on on the letter. letter. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, Sally hung the clothes clothes out in the garden. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, I have stuck more more magnets on the fridge. fridge. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. No, the washing machine does not wring the clothes clothes automatically. automatically. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificac Clasificación: ión: AY, AID AI D

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. I never ________ ________ it would be easy. easy. (say) 2. He ________ for the meal meal yesterday. yesterday. (pay) 3. I always try ________ ________ ________ my bills on time. (pay) 4. He ________ ________ never ________ that. that. (say) 5. That hen ________ ________ many eggs eggs last year. year. (lay) 6. She always ________ ________ her clothes out to dry dry. (lay) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Has she said something to him? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Have they paid the waiter? Yes, they _______________________________. 3. Has Mary Mary laid the clothes out to dry? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 4. Does that hen lay many eggs? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 5. Did you pay for the drinks? Yes, I _________________________________. 6. Did he really say that? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, he said something stupid. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, they paid too much for the meal. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, she laid her head on his shoulder. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, that hen has laid more more than a dozen eggs. eggs. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, she always always says that. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, I haven’t haven’t paid the telephone telephone bill yet. yet.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: IND, OUND Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. John wants ________ ________ ________ ________ a better job. (find) 2. Susan ________ ________ ________ a great apartment. apartment. (find) 3. Peter ________ ________ his teeth when when he sleeps. sleeps. (grind) 4. I like ________ ________ ________ my own coffee. coffee. (grind) 5. He ________ the alarm clock clock before he he went to bed. (wind) 6. The little boy likes ________ ________ ________ up his his toy boat. (wind) 7. The criminal ________ ________ the employees during during the bank robbery robbery.. (bind) 8. Mothers used ________ ________ ________ their daughters’ daughters’ feet in China. x(bind) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did John find his keys? Yes, he ________________________________. 2. Has Mary Mary ground the coffee? coffee? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 3. Did the little girl wind up up the toy duck? Yes, she _______________________________. 4. Did women bind their daughters’ daughters’ feet in China? Yes, women ____________________________. 5. Does he grind his teeth at night? night? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 6. Has the little boy found found his mother? mother? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, I found twenty dollars on the street today. today. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, he wound wound his watch this morning. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. No, she doesn t grind her her teeth when she s angry angry.. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, I haven’t haven’t ground the coffee yet.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. No, I didn’t didn’t find what I was was looking for. for. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the soldiers bound bound the prisoners. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: ELL, OLD Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. John always always ________ funny jokes. jokes. (tell) 2. She ________ ________ him about her her job interview. interview. (tell) 3. Do you intend ________ ________ ________ your parents? (tell) 4. Nostradamus ________ the Second World War. (foretell) 5. Gypsies often often ________ ________ the future. future. (foretell) (foretell) 6. Susan wants ________ ________ ________ her her car. car. (sell) 7. They ________ ________ the company company last year. year. (sell) 8. The sales rep ________ ________ ________ a lot of books lately. lately. (sell) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did the little boy tell the truth? Yes, he ________________________________. 2. Has Susan sold her car? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 3. Did Nostradamus Nostradamus foretell foretell the Spanish Spanish civil war? Yes, he ________________________________. 4. Does Alice always tell such bad jokes? Yes, she _______________________________. 5. Has Peter told you about about his new new job? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 6. Did they sell their apartment? Yes, they _______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, the government government didn’t didn’t tell many lies. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, the gypsy foretold the man’s man’s future.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. No, John hasn’t hasn’t sold his his computer. computer. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, that sales rep sells sells many books. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, astrologists foretell the future. future. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, she has told him the truth. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, he always always tells me the same same thing. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, they sold their car. car. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: STAND, STAND, STOOD Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She ________ ________ up when he he entered the room. (stand) 2. John never never ________ ________ myjokes. (understand) 3. The little girl ________ everything everything I told her. her. (understand) 4. The army ________ ________ the enemy’s enemy’s attack last week. (withstand) (withstand) 5. The employees ________ ________ ________ ________ a lot of pressure lately lately.. (withstand) 6. Tom doesn’t doesn’t like ________ ________ ________ in line. (stand) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Has he withstood the pressure at work? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 2. Does he understand English? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 3. Did they stand stand in line to buy the the tickets? Yes, they _______________________________. 4. Did she understand what he said? Yes, she _______________________________. 5. Did the soldiers withstand the ambush? Yes, they _______________________________.

6. Has that man stood there for a long time? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, he understood understood everything she said. said. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, she stood in line for an hour. hour. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, the soldiers have have withstood the difficult difficult conditions. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, they don’t understand Spanish. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, he withstood the pressure pressure from his boss. boss. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, the beggar doesn’t doesn’t stand on that that corner every day day.. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: OLD, ELD Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. Nobody likes ________ ________ ________ ________ heavy objects. (hold) 2. They always ________ ________ hands when they they walk on the street. (hold) (hold) 3. The government government ________ a lot of taxes last last year. year. (withhold) 4. The guards ________ the prisoner in custody last night. night. (hold) 5. The prophet said, “________! “________! The Messiah Messiah is coming.” (behold) (behold) 6. Don Quixote ________ ________ the windmills windmills in the distance. distance. (behold) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did the little girl hold her her mother’s mother’s hand? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Has the government government withheld a lot of taxes this year? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 3. Does she always always hold the tennis racket in her left hand? hand? Yes, she _______________________________. 4. Did Don Quixote behold the windmills? Yes, he ________________________________.

5. Did the politician politician withhold comment comment on the disaster? Yes, he ________________________________. 6. Did she hold the baby baby in her her arms? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, the prince had never never beheld such a beautiful beautiful lady. lady. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, the little boy always holds his his mother’s hand. hand. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. No, the government didn’t didn’t withhold many taxes taxes last year. year. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, he withheld his opinion. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, the guards held the prisoner in custody. custody. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, Don Quixote did not behold behold his comrade’s comrade’s alarm. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: I-E, ID o IT Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. He is always trying ________ ________ something. something. (hide) 2. That dog ________ ________ a baby baby yesterday. yesterday. (bite) 3. The teacher always ________ ________ the students. students. (chide) 4. The economy ________ ________ ________ into into a recession recently recently.. (slide) 5. The thief ________ ________ the money money he had stolen. stolen. (hide) 6. He always ________ ________ his pipe with a match. (light) 7. Her eyes ________ ________ up when he entered entered the room. (light) 8. The children ________ ________ down the hill yesterday yesterday.. (slide) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did the police hide the evidence? Yes, they ______________________________. 2. Do you always chide him for coming home late? late? No, I _________________________ _________________________________. ________.

3. Have they lit the candles on the birthday cake? cake? Yes, they ______________________________. 4. Did the little boy slide down the sand dune? dune? Yes, he ________________________________. 5. Does that dog dog bite? bite? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 6. Has she hidden his birthday present? present? Yes, she _______________________________. 7. Do they always light up that building building at night? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 8. Has the price of gold slid recently? recently? Yes, it ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, a mosquito mosquito has just bit me. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, he lit her cigarette for for her. her. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. No, he didn’t didn’t hide the present present under the the bed. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, the little girl slid slid on the ice. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. No, his wife does does not chide him constantly. constantly. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the dog bit the little boy. boy. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, he always hides when when guests arrive. arrive. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, they light up the cathedral at at night. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: O, O Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. He ________ the Oscar Oscar for best actor last year. year. (win)

2. He doesn’t doesn’t like ________ ________ ________. ________. (lose) 3. The little girl’s girl’s eyes ________ when she saw her mother mother. (shine) 4. Jessica always always ________ ________ her keys. (lose) (lose) 5. I ________ up very early early this morning. (wake) 6. The police ________ at at the criminal. criminal. (shoot) 7. That man ________ ________ just ________ ________ the lottery. lottery. (win) 8. She usually ________ up very late. (wake) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Has she won a lot of prizes? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Did that team lose the match? Yes, it _________________________________. 3. Does he usually wake up that early? early? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 4. Did the police police shoot at the demonstrators? demonstrators? Yes, they _______________________________. 5. Does the sun always shine in Spain? Spain? No, the t he sun ________________________ _____________________________. _____. 6. Have you lost your wallet? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 7. Did Chris win the lottery? Yes, he ________________________________. 8. Did she wake up in the middle of the night? Yes, she _______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, the bank robber did not not shoot at the police. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, he hasn’t lost his umbrella. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, he woke up at seven seven o’clock this morning. morning. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, Real Madrid won won the soccer match.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, her eyes shone shone when she opened opened the present. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the socialists have won the elections. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. No, she does not always lose at card games. games. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the noise woke up the baby. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: A, A Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She always ________ ________ on that that chair. chair. (sit) 2. John ________ ________ a lot of books. books. (have) 3. He ________ ________ dinner last night. (make) (make) 4. She ________ ________ in the waiting room room for two hours. (sit) 5. I ________ ________ ________ a lot of visitors lately. lately. (have) 6. He doesn’t doesn’t like ________ ________ mistakes. mistakes. (make) 7. Their business ________ ________ a lot of money last last year. year. (make) 8. I ________ lunch with my sister yesterday. yesterday. (have) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Have you had lunch yet? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 2. Did your mother make that dress? Yes, she _______________________________. 3. Does he usually sit on on the floor? floor? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 4. Does she have a digital camera? Yes, she _______________________________. 5. Has the student made any mistakes? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 6. Did the cat sit on the sofa? Yes, it _________________________________.

Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, Sally has has not had had breakfast breakfast yet. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, I don’t don’t have time to go go to the bank. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, they had a long vacation. vacation. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, Peter has just sat sat on a needle. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, the little girl sat sat on the bed. bed. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, my mother makes delicious brownies. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, he made an effort effort to get there on time. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the students have have made a lot of progress. progress. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Segundo Grupo Clasificación: IN, AN, UN Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correda del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She always finishes finishes what she she ________. (begin) (begin) 2. He ________ ________ too much much last night. night. (drink) 3. The stone ________ ________ to the bottom of the lake. lake. (sink) 4. Cotton always ________. (shrink) 5. John ________ ________ ________ many laps in the the pool. (swim) 6. He likes ________ ________ ________ in the shower. shower. (sing) 7. The phone ________ and I answered answered it. (ring) 8. She ________ ________ ten miles yesterday yesterday.. (run) 9. My sister ________ ________ ________ ________ a yoga course. (begin) (begin) 10. The public toilet at the park ________ ________ of urine the last last time I was there. (stink) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa.

1. Has he begun his new job yet? yet? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 2. Do his socks always stink? Yes, his socks ___________________________. 3. Does Mary Mary always drink that much? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 4. Have you ever sung sung in a choir? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 5. Did she run around the block? Yes, she _______________________________. 6. Did the the ship ship sink? Yes, it _________________________________. 7. Did the phone ring this morning? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 8. Did the clothes clothes shrink in the wash? wash? Yes, the clothes __________________________. 9. Does John swim every day? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 10. Have they drunk all the wine? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, the movie has just begun. begun. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, his jeans jeans didn’t didn’t shrink in the wash. wash. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, Jenny swam a mile yesterday. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, her heart sank sank when she heard heard the news. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, the mother sang the the baby to sleep. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, Ann doesn’t doesn’t drink beer. beer.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, someone has just rung the doorbell. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the old man stank of whiskey. whiskey. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. Yes, John ran ran to catch the bus. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. Yes, he runs ten miles every day. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: I-E, O-E, I-EN Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She ________ ________ him a letter last month. (write) 2. He ________ ________ ________ since he was a teenager. teenager. (drive) 3. John ________ his his bicycle to work every every day. day. (ride) 4. The sun ________ ________ at seven seven o’clock this this morning. (rise) (rise) 5. Alice always ________ ________ to do her best. (strive) (strive) 6. She got angry angry and ________ ________ out of the the room. (stride) (stride) 7. He ________ ________ ________ me many e-mails. (write) 8. Mark wants ________ ________ ________ across across the United States. States. (drive) 9. The little boy ________ ________ from the table and left the room. (rise) (rise) 10. I ________ never ________ ________ a horse. horse. (ride) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did she write him a letter? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Does John usually drive to work? Yes, he ________________________________. 3. Has Alice always striven striven to do her best? Yes, she _______________________________. 4. Did the man man stride down the street? street? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 5. Do you ride the subway often? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________.

6. Have prices risen this year? Yes, prices ______________________________. 7. Have you written to him lately? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 8. Did he drive to the supermarket? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, the teacher strode strode into the classroom. classroom. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, Sally always strives strives to get good grades. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, the price of gasoline rose a lot last year. year. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, she has not written written many books. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, John drove to work work this morning. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, Lucy has never never ridden a bicycle. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, Sheila drives her children to school every every day. day. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, he writes a lot of reports. reports. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: E-A, O-E, O-EN Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. The president ________ ________ at a press conference yesterday yesterday.. (speak) 2. I ________ ________ to him him many times. (speak) (speak) 3. Someone ________ ________ just ________ my my wallet. (steal) (steal) 4. Peter always always ________ my pens. (steal) 5. John ________ ________ his leg last year. year. (break) 6. The elevator ________ ________ ________ down again. again. (break) 7. Mary is going going ________ ________ a blanket. blanket. (weave)

8. She ________ ________ ________ many many beautiful blankets. blankets. (weave) 9. They ________ to go go hiking last summer. summer. (choose) 10. ________ you ________ the new curtains yet? yet? (choose) 11. Water ________ at zero degrees degrees Celsius. (freeze) 12 The snow ________ ________ the crops last year year. (freeze) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Have you ever spoken in public? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 2. Does Mary speak Spanish? Yes, she _______________________________. 3. Did the little boy steal the candy? Yes, he ________________________________. 4. Has the computer broken down? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 5. Did he break any rules? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 6. Does Ann weave a lot of blankets? blankets? Yes, she _______________________________. 7. Did he choose the blue shirt? Yes, he ________________________________. 8. Has the snow frozen frozen the crops? crops? Yes, the t he snow Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, he does not speak Chinese. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, John spoke to his sister yesterday. yesterday. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. No, she did not steal steal my lighter. lighter. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, he always breaks breaks the traffic traffic regulations. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, Sally broke her arm last year. year.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, my friend friend wove that blanket. blanket. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, she chose the color color of the walls. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the government froze taxes last year. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: OW, EW, OWN Sub-clasificación: AW, EW, AWN

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. I ________ ________ John John for years. years. (know) 2. She ________ how how to fly a plane when she was was nineteen years old. (know) 3. Those plants plants ________ ________ a lot. (grow) (grow) 4. Mary ________ ________ tomatoes in her backyard backyard every year year.. (grow) 5. The little boy likes ________ ________ ________ his toys everywhere. everywhere. (throw) (throw) 6. He ________ ________ ________ his clothes all over over the floor. floor. (throw) 7. She ________ ________ him a kiss as as she left. (blow) (blow) 8. The little girl wants ________ ________ ________ up the balloon. (blow) 9. John ________ ________ to Miami Miami last week. week. (fly) 10. Eagles ________ very high. (fly) 11. Picasso ________ ________ a lot when when he was a child. (draw) 12. I ________ ________ my bank account. account. (overdraw) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Does Jane know how to ride a bicycle? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Have you known him for a long time? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 3. Did you grow grow up in the United States? Yes, I _________________________________. 4. Do people’s people’s noses grow grow when they tell lies? No, people’s noses _______________________. 5. Did the little girl throw the ball?

Yes, she _______________________________. 6. Has she blown up the balloon? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 7. Have you ever flown in a helicopter? helicopter? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 8. Did he fly to New York York last week? week? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 9. Did you draw that picture? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 10. Did John withdraw withdraw money from from the bank this morning? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, she knows knows his parents. parents. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, they knew each other when they were children. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, the grass has grown a lot this year. year. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, Alicia grew up in Mexico. Mexico. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. No, he didn’t didn’t throw the ball over the fence. fence. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the baby has thrown the food all over the floor. floor. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, the little girl blew blew her mother a kiss. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the hurricane has blown down many trees. trees. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. Yes, Mark flew to Los Los Angeles last week. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. No, she does does not fly home every week. week. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

11. Yes, the little boy drew a picture picture of a dog. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 12. Yes, he has withdrawn a lot of money from the bank. bank. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: AKE, OOK, AKEN Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She likes ________ ________ ________ sugar with her coffee. coffee. (take) 2. They ________ ________ ________ the dog to the vet. (take) 3. He ________ her for a movie star when when he saw her. her. (mistake) 4. Sally always ________ ________ the sugar sugar for the salt. (mistake) 5. John ________ ________ ________ many projects projects recently. recently. (undertake) 6. The lawyer decided decided ________ ________ ________ the case. (undertake) (undertake) 7. They always ________ hands hands when they meet. (shake) 8. The building ________ ________ during the earthquake. earthquake. (shake) 9. Jesus said, “Father, “Father, why ________ ________ you ________ ________ me?” (forsake) (forsake) 10. All her friends ________ ________ ________ her her. (forsake) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Have you ever taken a yoga course? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 2. Did John take the garbage out? Yes, he ________________________________. 3. Did Don Quixote Quixote mistake the windmills for giants? Yes, Don Quixote ________________________. 4. Have you ever ever mistaken a cat for a rabbit? rabbit? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 5. Has the lawyer undertaken undertaken the case? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 6. Did you undertake the project? Yes, I _________________________________. 7. Did his hands hands shake before the interview? Yes, his hands ___________________________. 8. Did Judas forsake Jesus?

Yes, Judas ______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, he didn’t didn’t take her out out to dinner. dinner. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, she has taken my umbrella. umbrella. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, Peter mistook mistook my jacket for for his. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, she always mistakes him for his twin brother. brother. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, the lawyer undertook the case. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, John takes takes milk with his tea. tea. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. No, he hasn’t hasn’t shaken hands hands with the queen. queen. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the little girl shook shook her head. head. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: EAR, ORE, ORN Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She always ________ big earrings. earrings. (wear) 2. I don’t don’t like ________ ________ a watch. (wear) 3. Tom ________ a tuxedo to the wedding yesterday yesterday. (wear) 4. After he read read the letter, letter, he ________ it up. (tear) 5. I ________ ________ my favorite jeans. jeans. (tear) 6. The little boy ________ ________ that it was was the truth. (swear) (swear) 7. He always ________ when he’s he’s angry. angry. (swear) 8. She ________ pressure well. (bear) 9. The tree ________ ________ a lot of apples last year. year. (bear) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did you wear the pink dress dress to the party? party? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________.

2. Does Mark wear glasses? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 3. Have you ever worn a Scottish kilt? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 4. Did the little girl tear her dress? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 5. Did you tear up the letter? Yes, I _________________________________. 6. Do you swear that it’s it’s true? Yes, I _________________________________. 7. Has the witness sworn sworn on the Bible? Yes, he ________________________________. 8. Has that tree born a lot of fruit? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, she always wears wears her sister’s sister’s clothes. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, Mark has never worn that jacket. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, the thief wore a stocking stocking over his head. head. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, he tore a muscle in his his aerobics class. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, John has torn his his favorite shirt. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, she swore swore it was the truth. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, that old man man swears a lot. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the lioness bore five cubs. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: I-E, A-E, I-EN

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. My boss is going ________ ________ ________ me a bonus this year. year. (give) 2. He ________ his mother a big hug when she arrived. arrived. (give) 3. Susan ________ ________ ________ a lot of money money to charity this year. year. (give) 4. John never ________ her her for leaving leaving him. (forgive) (forgive) 5. She ________ never never ________ him for for what he did. (forgive) (forgive) 6. I ________ you to smoke in class. (forbid) (forbid) 7. He ________ ________ ________ his daughter to go go out with that boy. boy. (forbid) 8. He ________ his wife good-bye as he walked walked out the door. door. (bid) 9. What did he ________ you to do for him? (bid) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Does Susan give money to charity? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Have they given him a raise at work? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 3. Did he give give her a birthday present? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 4. Has he forgiven you? Yes, he ________________________________. 5. Did the little girl forgive forgive her brother for hitting her? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 6. Did the mother forbid her daughter to smoke? smoke? Yes, she _______________________________. 7. Has he forbidden you to talk about it? Yes, he ________________________________. 8. Has she bidden bidden you to come come to her party? party? Yes, she _______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, he gave her good advice. advice. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, they give their old clothes clothes to the church. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

3. Yes, she has given him a lot of money lately. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, she never forgave him. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, I forgive forgive you. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, she forbade forbade him to talk talk about it. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, the law forbids smoking smoking in public places. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, he bids his wife farewell before every every business trip. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: ET, OT, OTTEN Sub-clasificación: EN (participio pasado )

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. Susan would like ________ ________ ________ a new new car. car. (get) 2. Steve always ________ what what he wants. wants. (get) 3. They ________ a new TV set yesterday yesterday.. (get) 4. She never ________ a face. (forget) (forget) 5. I ________ ________ ________ his name. (forget) (forget) 6. I ________ to call her her yesterday. yesterday. (forget) 7. The Virgin Virgin Mary ________ the baby Jesus. Jesus. (beget) 8. He ________ in the same same restaurant every every day. day. (eat) 9. I ________ ________ ________ too much. (eat) (eat) 10. The price of coffee coffee ________ last last year. year. (fall) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Has Tom Tom gotten a new job? job? Yes, he ________________________________. 2. Do you get the newspaper newspaper every every day? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 3. Has she ever forgotten forgotten his birthday? birthday? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______.

4. Does he often forget things? Yes, he ________________________________. 5. Does she eat a lot of junk food? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 6. Have you eaten at this restaurant restaurant before? before? Yes, I _________________________________. 7. Did the little boy fall off the bicycle? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 8. Have airfares fallen recently? No, airfares _____________________________. _____________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, Sally has gotten a new haircut. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, he got a digital camera last last week. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, they forgot forgot to take an umbrella. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, she always forgets people’s names. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. No, he doesn’t eat red meat. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the cat ate ate the leftovers. leftovers. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, the dollar has fallen against the euro lately. lately. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, night falls earlier in the winter. winter. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: OME, AME, OME Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. My friend would like ________ ________ ________ ________ to the party. party. (come) 2. She ________ ________ never ________ ________ to my house. house. (come) 3. They ________ ________ to visit last year year.. (come)

4. Mark wants ________ ________ ________ an anthropologist. anthropologist. (become) (become) 5. He ________ ________ ________ very impatient lately. lately. (become) 6. Lula ________ president of Brazil in 2003. (become) (become) 7. Susan ________ ________ ________ many obstacles obstacles in her life. (overcome) (overcome) 8. The little girl finally ________ her fear of the dark. dark. (overcome) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did John come to the party? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 2. Have you come here before? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 3. Does Mark come to visit often? Yes, he ________________________________. 4. Does the little boy want want to become become a doctor? doctor? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 5. Did Luis become a U.S. citizen? Yes, he ________________________________. 6. Has Sally become rich? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 7. Has he overcome his fear of heights? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 8. Did he overcome her resistance? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, I came here last week. week. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, he comes to this restaurant restaurant often. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. No, they have have not come here many times. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, the employees became very angry. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, he became president last year. year.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, Sally does not become impatient impatient easily. easily. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, John overcame overcame his fear of flying. flying. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, they have overcome overcome many obstacles. obstacles. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificaciones: A, B, C (afinidad en el participio pasado solamente) Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. My cat loves ________ ________ ________ in the sun. sun. (lie) 2. She ________ ________ on the sofa sofa and fell asleep. asleep. (lie) 3. He ________ ________ often often on this rock. rock. (lie) 4. The soldiers ________ ________ ________ many innocent innocent people. (slay) 5. They ________ ________ ________ friends for years. (be) (be) 6. My parents ________ on vacation last week. week. (be) 7. They ________ ________ both very obstinate. obstinate. (be) 8. I ________ Sally yesterday yesterday. (see) 9. Tom ________ ________ ________ that movie three times. times. (see) 10. Susan ________ ________ ________ a lot of work today today.. (do) 11. He ________ the cooking cooking yesterday. yesterday. (do) 12. They ________ ________ camping last weekend. weekend. (go) 13. Sally ________ to the gym every every day. day. (go) 14. My uncle ________ ________ ________ surgery surgery several several times. (undergo) (undergo) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Does your dog always lie on that cushion? Yes, he ________________________________. 2. Have you ever lain on a waterbed? waterbed? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 3. Did David slay Goliath? Yes, David _____________________________. 4. Were you sick yesterday? yesterday?

No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 5. Has John been depressed lately? Yes, he ________________________________. 6. Are you angry at him? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 7. Do you see each other often? No, we _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 8. Have you seen that movie? Yes, I _________________________________. 9. Did you see the car accident? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 10. Did the little boy do his homework? Yes, he ________________________________. 11. Have they done a lot of traveling? traveling? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 12. Did she go away last weekend? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 13. Has John gone to lunch yet? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 14. Did your father father undergo undergo surgery surgery last week? week? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, the students students lay on the grass. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, the farmer farmer has slain the pig. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, they have been to New York many times. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, she was very nervous before the interview. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, Ann sees her mother every week. week. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

6. Yes, Dorothy saw a shooting shooting star. star. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, the wise man foresaw the disaster. disaster. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. No, the company doesn’t doesn’t do a lot of business business overseas. overseas. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. Yes, John did well on the exam. exam. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. Yes, they’ve gone out out to dinner. dinner. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 11. Yes, his friends went went to the concert. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 12. Yes, the economy has undergone undergone a major crisis. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Tercer Grupo Clasificación: ET, ET, ET con variantes EAD y EAT Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She always ________ ________ him do what he wants. (let) (let) 2. The teacher ________ ________ the students leave leave early yesterday yesterday.. (let) 3. He ________ never never ________ me use use his car. car. (let) 4. John ________ ________ the alarm clock clock last night. (set) (set) 5. The company needs ________ ________ ________ ________ new objectives. objectives. (set) 6. The little girl ________ her pants every day. day. (wet) 7. I ________ it will rain tomorrow tomorrow. (bet) 8. She ________ a lot of money at the horse races races yesterday. yesterday. (bet) 9. Gossip always ________ quickly quickly.. (spread) 10. He sat down and and ________ his legs. (spread) (spread) 11. I ________ a lot in my last aerobics aerobics class. class. (sweat) 12. France ________ Brazil Brazil in the 2002 World World Soccer Cup. (beat) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did John let her use use his computer? computer?

Yes, he ________________________________. 2. Has his boss let him take the day day off work? No, his boss ____________________________. ____________________________. 3. Did they set set a time for the meeting? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 4. Has the company set set new objectives? objectives? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 5. Did the rain wet all the clothes? Yes, it _________________________________. 6. Did he bet bet all his money on that horse? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 7. Has the epidemic spread spread very quickly? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 8. Don’t your your feet sweat in those those socks? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 9. Has Zaragoza ever beat Real Madrid Madrid in a soccer match? match? Yes, Zaragoza ___________________________. 10. Did John beat his brother brother playing playing cards? Yes, John ______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, she never lets her hair down. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, the police didn’t didn’t let him cross the barrier barrier.. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, they’ve set a date date for their next meeting. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, I always set objectives objectives for myself. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, the little boy wet his bed last last night. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the rain wet all the laundry laundry. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

7. No, he didn’t didn’t bet bet on that horse. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, the rumor spread like wildfire. wildfire. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. Yes, Ann sweats sweats a lot at the gym. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. Yes, that man beats beats his wife. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: IT, IT, IT Sub-clasificación: ID, ID, ID

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. The boy ________ ________ his little sister sister yesterday. yesterday. (hit) 2. That player ________ ________ ________ ________ the ball five five times. (hit) 3. John ________ ________ smoking last year. year. (quit) 4. The president’s president’s secretary ________ ________ just ________ (quit) (quit) 5. That old man always ________ ________ on the street. street. (spit) 6. The little girl got angry and ________ ________ on her brother brother.. (spit) 7. They decided ________ ________ ________ the profits. profits. (split) 8. John and Sally usually usually ________ the bill when they go out for dinner. dinner. (split) 9. He ________ too much much at the auction yesterday yesterday.. (bid) 10. She wants ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ of all her old clothes. clothes. (get rid) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Does Steffi Steffi Graf hit the ball ball hard? Yes, she _______________________________. 2. Has that boy just hit you? Yes, he ________________________________. 3. Have you quit smoking yet? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 4. Did your sister quit her job? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 5. Did that man just spit in front of you? Yes, he ________________________________.

6. Have they split the profits profits between them? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 7. Did they split the bill? Yes, they _______________________________. 8. Have they bid on the same horse? horse? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 9. Did he bid on that painting? Yes, he ________________________________. 10. Did Sally get get rid of her old TV set? Yes, she _______________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. No, he didn’t didn’t hit the ball very very hard. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. No, Billy has not hit his little sister twice today. today. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, Susan has has quit several several jobs. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. Yes, he quit drinking last year year.. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, he always always spits in public places. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, the famous actress actress spit on the paparazzi. paparazzi. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, the company splits splits its profits among the shareholders. shareholders. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, they always split the bill when they go out. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. No, the man did not bid $100 on the horse. horse. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. Yes, she finally finally got rid of him. him. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: U-T u O-T

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correcta del verbo en paréntesis. 1. The little girl wanted wanted ________ ________ ________ the cake. cake. (cut) 2. Lucy ________ her her finger yesterday yesterday.. (cut) 3. He ________ the door behind behind him when he he left. (shut) 4. She always ________ ________ the windows windows at night. (shut) (shut) 5. The matador ________ his sword into the bull. (thrust) 6. It ________ a lot of money money to buy a house nowadays. nowadays. (cost) 7. A gallon of gasoline ________ ________ a lot less last year year. (cost) 8. My back ________ ________ ________ a lot lately. lately. (hurt) 9. She didn’t didn’t mean ________ ________ ________ his feelings. (hurt) (hurt) 10. The little boy ________ into the room room unexpectedly. unexpectedly. (burst) 11. I feel so full I think I’m going going ________ ________. ________. (burst) 12. My neighbor ________ ________ just ________ his his house up for sale. sale. (put) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did Tom Tom cut himself on the bread bread knife? No, he ________________________ ________________________________. ________. 2. Does your sister cut your hair? Yes, she _______________________________. 3. Did you shut the front door? Yes, I _________________________________. 4. Have they shut all the windows? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 5. Has the matador matador thrust his sword sword into the bull? bull? No, he ________________________ _________________________________. _________. 6. Did your TV set cost a lot of of money? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 7. Does that car cost a lot? Yes, it _________________________________. 8. Does your throat hurt? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 9. Did the injection hurt a lot? Yes, it _________________________________.

10. Did the little girl burst into tears? No, she _________________________ ________________________________. _______. 11. Have you put put your passport passport in a safe safe place? Yes, I _________________________________. 12. Did he put put the keys on the table? table? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, he cut his finger on the sheet of paper. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, she always cuts out clippings from magazines. magazines. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, she shut her eyes eyes during parts of the movie. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, he hasn’t hasn’t shut shut all the windows. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, the killer thrust the dagger into the man’s man’s heart. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. Yes, my computer cost a lot of money to repair. repair. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 7. Yes, that wine costs costs over twenty twenty dollars. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 8. Yes, he hurt his knee running. running. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 9. Yes, her rejection has has hurt his pride. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 10. Yes, the little boy burst into tears suddenly suddenly.. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 11. Yes, they have put their apartment apartment up for sale. sale. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 12. Yes, he put his arm around around her. her. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

Clasificación: CAST, CAST, CAST

Ejercicio 1. 1. Rellene los huecos con la forma correda del verbo en paréntesis. 1. She ________ ________ him an angry angry look when he arrived. (cast) (cast) 2. He ________ ________ a glance at the report. (cast) (cast) 3. That channel always always ________ a lot of news news programs. (broadcast) (broadcast) 4. He ________ the news that he was getting married. (broadcast) (broadcast) 5. The weather man ________ ________ ________ rain for tomorrow. tomorrow. (forecast) 6. It is very difficult difficult ________ ________ ________ the stock market. market. (forecast) Ejercicio 2. 2. Responda a las preguntas con una frase completa. 1. Did the villagers villagers cast stones at the soldiers? Yes, they _______________________________. 2. Have you cast a glance at that report? No, I _________________________ __________________________________. _________. 3. Have they forecast forecast snow for the weekend? weekend? Yes, they _______________________________. 4. Did the government government forecast forecast the economic crisis? No, it _________________________ _________________________________. ________. 5. Did they broadcast broadcast the the news on the radio? radio? No, they __________________________ _______________________________. _____. 6. Does he always broadcast broadcast his son’s son’s achievements? Yes, he ________________________________. Ejercicio 3. 3. Lea las respuestas y escriba las preguntas. 1. Yes, he cast a quick look look around the room. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 2. Yes, they have have cast their votes. votes. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 3. Yes, the radio broadcast broadcast the election results. results. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 4. No, they haven’t haven’t broadcast the news yet. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 5. Yes, they have forecast forecast a decline in real real estate prices. ________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____? 6. No, they don’t forecast forecast rain for tomorrow. tomorrow.

________________________ _____________________________________ __________________? _____?

SOLUCIONES Primer Grupo Clasificación: OUGHT Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to buy 2. brought 3. have thought 4. to seek 5. fought 6. Did (you) buy 7. seek 8. fought 9. to bring 10. Do (you) think Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) bought a new car. 2. (No, I) haven’t bought her a present. 3. (No, he) didn’t fight in the war. 4. (Yes, she) sought some advice. 5. (Yes, I) have brought you that book. 6. (Yes, he) brought his friend to the party. 7. (No, I) haven’t thought about it. 8. (Yes, he) thought of her yesterday. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. When you were young, did you fight a lot with your brother? 2. Do John and Alice fight constantly? 3. Do you buy the newspaper every day? 4. Have you bought her a birthday present? 5. Did they bring many presents when they came? 6. Have you brought the book for me? 7. Do you think it’s a good idea? 8. Have you thought about him a lot lately?

Clasificación: EE o EA, E-T Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. slept 2. to keep 3. Have (you) swept 4. wept 5. kept 6. met 7. have felt 8. left 9. sleep 10. Have (you ever) met Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, I) didn’t sleep well last night. 2. (Yes, he) kept the book. 3. (No, they) haven’t swept the floor. 4. (No, I) haven’t met your sister. 5. (Yes, they) left after the concert. 6. (No, we) haven’t kept in contact. 7. (Yes, I) felt happy when I saw him. 8. (Yes, she) knelt during mass. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he sleep on the sofa last night? 2. Did they meet in Mexico? 3. Have they left? 4. Did you sweep the floor yesterday? 5. Did your mother weep at her brother’s funeral? 6. Did you feel very tired last night? 7. Has your cat often crept up on you? 8. Have you always slept with the window open? 9. Did the little boy kneel before the queen? 10. Do you meet for coffee every morning?

Clasificación: EE o EA, E-T Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. deals 2. have (never) dealt 3. leapt 4. dwelt 5. leaps 6. meant 7. have meant 8. to leap Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, I) have never dealt with him. 2. (Yes, she) meant what she said. 3. (No, my cat) doesn’t always leap around the room. 4. (Yes, primitive man) dwelt in caves. 5. (Yes, I) deal with a lot of customers. 6. (Yes, the dolphins) leapt through the hoops. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Does modern man dwell in caves? 2. Does John always mean what he

says? 3. Did the dog leap at you? 4. Did she mean to offend him? 5. Has Mary dealt with many important clients? 6. Has the cat leapt onto the sofa?

Clasificación: D, T Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. sent 2. has spent 3. to lend 4. lent l ent 5. built 6. sent 7. to build 8. spent Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, I) sent off the package. 2. (No, they) haven’t built a new airport. 3. (Yes, he) spends a lot of money on books. 4. (No, they) haven’t spent all the money. 5. (Yes, he) built that house. 6. (No, I) don’t send a lot of e-mails. 7. (No, they) didn’t lend me the money. 8. (Yes, he) lent me his car. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did you lend John that book? 2. Did you spend a lot of time on that project? 3. Have they built a new museum? 4. Did she bend down to kiss the child? 5. Did Susan send you an e-mail last week? 6. Do they want to build a new park? 7. Does Mary always lend her sister money? 8. Has Tom spent a lot of money lately?

Clasificación: I, U Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. wrings 2. has hung 3. cling 4. clung 5. has (ever) stung 6. stung 7. stuck 8. to strike Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, it) wrung the clothes. 2. (No, he) hasn’t hung the painting. 3. (No, they) didn’t sting me last night. 4. (Yes, it) clung to its mother. 5. (Yes, a bee) has stung me. 6. (Yes, she) stuck the labels on the folders. 7. (Yes, he) struck a match to light the fire. 8. (Yes, he) hung up on me. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Has a wasp just stung you? 2. Did the little boy cling to his mother? 3. Did John wring out the clothes yesterday? 4. Did you stick a stamp on the letter? 5. Did Sally hang the clothes out in the garden? 6. Have you stuck more magnets on the fridge? 7. Does the washing machine wring the clothes automatically?

Clasificac Clasificación: ión: AY, AID AI D Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. said 2. paid 3. to pay 4. has (never) said 5. laid 6. lays Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) has said something to him. 2. (Yes, they) have paid the waiter. 3. (No, she) hasn’t laid the clothes out to dry. 4. (No, she) doesn’t lay many eggs. 5. (Yes, I) paid for the drinks. 6. (Yes, he) really said that. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he say something stupid? 2. Did they pay too much for the meal? 3. Did she lay her head on his shoulder? 4. Has that hen laid more than a dozen eggs? 5. Does she always say that? 6. Have you paid the telephone bill yet?

Clasificación: IND, OUND Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to find 2. has found 3. grinds 4. to grind 5. wound 6. to wind 7. bound 8. to bind Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, he) found his keys. 2. (No, she) hasn’t ground the coffee. 3. (Yes, she)

wound up the toy duck. 4. (Yes, women) bound their daughters’ feet in China. 5. (No, he) doesn’t grind his teeth at night. 6. (Yes, he) has found his mother. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did you find twenty dollars on the street today? 2. Did he wind his watch this morning? 3. Does she grind her teeth when she’s angry? 4. Have you ground the coffee yet? 5. Did you find what you were looking for? 6. Did the soldiers bind the prisoners?

Clasificación: ELL, OLD Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. tells 2. told 3. to tell 4. foretold 5. foretell 6. to sell 7. sold 8. has sold Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, he) told the truth. 2. (No, she) hasn’t sold her car. 3. (Yes, he) foretold the Spanish civil war. 4. (Yes, she) always tells such bad jokes. 5. (No, he) hasn’t told me about his new job. 6. (Yes, they) sold their apartment. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did the government tell many lies? 2. Did the gypsy foretell the man’s future? 3. Has John sold his computer? 4. Does that sales rep sell many books? 5. Do astrologists foretell the future? 6. Has she told him the truth? 7. Does he always tell you the same thing? 8. Did they sell their car?

Clasificación: STAND, STAND, STOOD Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. stood 2. understands 3. understood 4. withstood 5. have withstood 6. to stand Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, he) hasn’t withstood the pressure at work. 2. (No, he) doesn’t understand English. 3. (Yes, they) stood in line to buy the tickets. 4. (Yes, she) understood what he said. 5. (Yes, they) withstood the ambush. 6. (No, he) hasn’t stood there for a long time. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he understand everything she said? 2. Did she stand in line for an hour? 3. Have the soldiers withstood the difficult conditions? 4. Do they understand Spanish? 5. Did he withstand the pressure from his boss? 6. Does the beggar stand on that corner every day?

Clasificación: OLD, ELD Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to hold 2. hold 3. withheld 4. held 5. Behold 6. beheld Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) held her mother’s hand. 2. (No, it) hasn’t withheld a lot of taxes this year. 3. (Yes, she) always holds the tennis racket in her left hand. 4. (Yes, he) beheld the windmills. 5. (Yes, he) withheld comment on the disaster. 6. (No, she) didn’t hold the baby in her arms. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Had the prince ever beheld such a beautiful lady? 2. Does the little boy always hold his mother’s hand? 3. Did the government withhold many taxes last year? 4. Did he withhold his opinion? 5. Did the guards hold the prisoner in custody? 6. Did Don Quixote behold his comrade’s alarm?

Clasificación: I-E, ID o IT Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to hide 2. bit 3. chides 4. has slid 5. hid 6. lights 7. lit li t 8. slid Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, they) hid the evidence. 2. (No, I) don’t always chide him for coming home late. 3. (Yes, they) have lit the candles on the birthday cake. 4. (Yes, he) slid down the sand dune. 5. (No, it) doesn’t bite. 6. (Yes, (Yes, she) has hidden his birthday present. 7. (No, they) don’t always light up that building at night. 8. (Yes, it) has slid recently. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Has a mosquito just bit you? 2. Did he light her cigarette for her? 3. Did he hide the present under the bed? 4. Did the little girl slide on the ice? 5. Does his wife chide him constantly? 6. Did the dog bite the little boy? 7. Does he always hide when guests arrive? 8. Do they light up the cathedral at night?

Clasificación: O, O Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. won 2. to lose 3. shone 4. loses 5. woke 6. shot 7. has (just) won 8. wakes Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) has won a lot of prizes. 2. (Yes, it) lost the match. 3. (No, he) doesn’t usually wake up that early. 4. (Yes, they) shot at the demonstrators. 5. (No, the sun) doesn’t always shine in Spain. 6. (No, I) haven’t lost my wallet. 7. (Yes, he) won the lottery. 8. (Yes, she) woke up in the middle of the night. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did the bank robber shoot at the police? 2. Has he lost his umbrella? 3. Did he wake up at seven o’clock this morning? 4. Did Real Madrid win the soccer match? 5. Did her eyes shine when she opened the present? 6. Have the socialists won the elections? 7. Does she always lose at card games? 8. Did the noise wake up the baby?

Clasificación: A, A Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. sits 2. has 3. made 4. sat 5. have had 6. to make 7. made 8. had Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, I) haven’t had lunch yet. 2. (Yes, she) made that dress. 3. (No, he) doesn’t usually sit on the floor. 4. (Yes, she) has a digital camera. 5. (No, she) hasn’t made any mistakes. 6. (Yes, it) sat on the sofa. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Has Sally had breakfast yet? 2. Do you have time to go to the bank? 3. Did they have a long vacation? 4. Has Peter just sat on a needle? 5. Did the little girl sit on the bed? 6. Does your mother make delicious brownies? 7. Did he make an effort to get there on time? 8. Have the t he students made a lot of progress?

Segundo Grupo Clasificación: IN, AN, UN Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. begins 2. drank 3. sank 4. shrinks 5. has swum 6. to sing 7. rang 8. ran 9. has begun 10. stank Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, he) hasn’t begun his new job yet. 2. (Yes, his socks) always stink. 3. (No, she) doesn’t always drink that much. 4. (No, I) have never sung in a choir. 5. (Yes,

she) ran around the block. 6. (Yes, it) sank. 7. (No, it) didn’t ring this morning. 8. (Yes, the clothes) shrank in the wash. 9. (No, he) doesn’t swim every day. 10. (No, they) haven’t drunk all the wine. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Has the movie just begun? 2. Did his jeans shrink in the wash? 3. Did Jenny swim a mile yesterday? 4. Did her heart sink when she heard the news? 5. Did the mother sing the baby to sleep? 6. Does Ann drink beer? 7. Has someone just rung the doorbell? 8. Did the old man stink of whiskey? 9. Did John run to catch the bus? 10. Does he run ten miles every day?

Clasificación: I-E, O-E, I-EN Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. wrote 2. has driven 3. rides 4. rose 5. strives 6. strode 7. has written 8. to drive 9. rose 10. have (never) ridden Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) wrote him a letter. 2. (Yes, he) usually drives to work. 3. (Yes, she) has always striven to do her best. 4. (No, he) didn’t stride down the street. 5. (No, I) don’t ride the subway often. 6. (Yes, prices) have risen this year. 7. (No, I) haven’t written to him lately. 8. (Yes, he) drove to the supermarket. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did the teacher stride into the classroom? 2. Does Sally always strive to get good grades? 3. Did the price of gasoline rise a lot last year? 4. Has she written many books? 5. Did John drive to work this morning? 6. Has Lucy ever ridden a bicycle? 7. Does Sheila drive her children to school every day? 8. Does he write a lot of reports?

Clasificación: E-A, O-E, O-EN Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. spoke 2. have spoken 3. has (just) stolen 4. steals 5. broke 6. has broken 7. to weave 8. has woven 9. chose 10. Have (you) chosen 11. freezes 12. froze Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, I) have never spoken in public. 2. (Yes, she) speaks Spanish. 3. (Yes, he) stole the candy. 4. (No, it) has not broken down. 5. (No, he) didn’t break any rules. 6. (Yes, she) weaves a lot of blankets. 7. (Yes, he) chose the blue shirt. 8. (Yes, the snow) has frozen the crops. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Does he speak Chinese? 2. Did John speak to his sister yesterday? 3. Did she steal your lighter? 4. Does he always break the traffic regulations? 5. Did Sally break her arm last year? 6. Did your friend weave that blanket? 7. Did she choose the color of the walls? 8. Did the government freeze taxes last year?

Clasificación: OW, EW, OWN Sub-clasificación: AW, EW, AWN

Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. have known 2. knew 3. have grown 4. grows 5. to throw 6. has thrown 7. blew 8. to blow 9. flew 10. fly 11. drew 12. have overdrawn Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) knows how to ride a bicycle. 2. (No, I) haven’t known him for a long time. 3. (Yes, I) grew up in the United States. 4. (No, people’s noses) don’t grow when they tell lies. 5. (Yes, she) threw the ball. 6. (No, she) hasn’t blown up the balloon.

7. (No, I) have never flown in a helicopter. 8. (No, he) didn’t fly to New York last week. 9. (No, I) didn’t draw that picture. 10. (Yes, he) withdrew money from the bank this morning. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Does she know his parents? 2. Did they know each other when they were children? 3. Has the grass grown a lot this year? 4. Did Alicia grow up in Mexico? 5. Did he throw the ball over the fence? 6. Has the baby thrown the food all over the floor? 7. Did the little girl blow her mother a kiss? 8. Has the hurricane blown down many trees? 9. Did Mark fly to Los Angeles last week? 10. Does she fly home every week? 11. Did the little boy draw a picture of a dog? 12. Has he withdrawn a lot of money from the bank?

Clasificación: AKE, OOK, AKEN Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to take 2. have taken 3. mistook 4. mistakes 5. has undertaken 6. to undertake 7. shake 8. shook 9. have (you) forsaken 10. have forsaken Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, I) have never taken a yoga course. 2. (Yes, he) took the garbage out. 3. (Yes, Don Quixote) mistook the windmills for giants. 4. (No, I) have never mistaken a cat for a rabbit. 5. (No, she) hasn’t undertaken the case. 6. (Yes, I) undertook the project. 7. (Yes, his hands) shook before the interview. 8. (Yes, Judas) forsook Jesus. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he take her out to dinner? 2. Has she taken your umbrella? 3. Did Peter mistake your jacket for his? 4. Does she always mistake him for his twin brother? 5. Did the lawyer undertake the case? 6. Does John take milk with his tea? 7. Has he shaken hands with the queen? 8. Did the little girl shake her head?

Clasificación: EAR, ORE, ORN Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. wears 2. to wear 3. wore 4. tore 5. have torn 6. swore 7. swears 8. bears 9. bore Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, I) didn’t wear the pink dress to the party. 2. (No, he) doesn’t wear glasses. 3. (No, I) have never worn a Scottish kilt. 4. (No, she) didn’t tear her dress. 5. (Yes, I) tore up the letter. 6. (Yes, I) swear that it’s true. 7. (Yes, he) has sworn on the Bible. 8. (No, it) hasn’t born a lot of fruit. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Does she always wear her sister’s clothes? 2. Has Mark ever worn that acket? 3. Did the thief wear a stocking over his head? 4. Did he tear a muscle in his aerobics class? 5. Has John torn his favorite shirt? 6. Did she swear it was the truth? 7. Does that old man swear a lot? 8. Did the lioness bear five cubs?

Clasificación: I-E, A-E, I-EN Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to give 2. gave 3. has given 4. forgave 5. has (never) forgiven 6. forbid 7. has forbidden 8. bade 9. bid Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) gives money to charity. 2. (No, they) haven’t given him a raise at work. 3. (No, he) didn’t give her a birthday present. 4. (Yes, he) has forgiven me. 5. (No, she) didn’t forgive her brother for hitting her. 6. (Yes, she) forbade her daughter to smoke. 7. (Yes, he) has forbidden me to talk about it. 8. (Yes, she) has bidden me to come to her

party. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he give her good advice? 2. Do they give their old clothes to the church? 3. Has she given him a lot of money lately? 4. Did she ever forgive him? 5. Do you forgive me? 6. Did she forbid him to talk about it? 7. Does the law forbid smoking in public places? 8. Does he bid his wife farewell before every business trip?

Clasificación: ET, OT, OTTEN Sub-clasificación: EN (participio pasado )

Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to get 2. gets 3. got 4. forgets 5. have forgotten 6. forgot 7. begot 8. eats 9. have eaten 10. fell Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, he) has gotten a new job. 2. (No, I) don’t get the newspaper every day. 3. (No, she) has never forgotten his birthday. 4. (Yes, he) often forgets things. 5. (No, she) doesn’t eat a lot of junk food. 6. (Yes, I) have eaten at this restaurant before. 7. (No, he) didn’t fall off the bicycle. 8. (No, airfares) haven’t fallen recently. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Has Sally gotten a new haircut? 2. Did he get a digital camera last week? 3. Did they forget to take an umbrella? 4. Does she always forget people’s names? 5. Does he eat red meat? 6. Did the cat eat the leftovers? 7. Has the dollar fallen against the euro lately? 8. Does night fall earlier in the winter?

Clasificación: OME, AME, OME Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to come 2. has (never) come 3. came 4. to become 5. has become 6. became 7. has overcome 8. overcame Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, he) didn’t come to the party. 2. (No, I) haven’t come here before. 3. (Yes, he) comes to visit often. 4. (No, he) doesn’t want to become a doctor. 5. (Yes, he) became a U.S. citizen. 6. (No, she) hasn’t become rich. 7. (No, he) hasn’t overcome his fear of heights. 8. (Yes, he) overcame her resistance. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did you come here last week? 2. Does he come to this restaurant often? 3. Have they come here many times? 4. Did the employees become very angry? 5. Did he become president last year? 6. Does Sally become impatient easily? 7. Did John overcome his fear of flying? 8. Have they overcome many obstacles?

Clasificaciones: A, B, C (afinidad en el participio pasado solamente) Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to lie. 2. lay 3. has lain 4. have slain 5. have been 6. were 7. are 8. saw 9. has seen 10. has done 11. did 12. went 13. goes 14. has undergone Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, he) always lies on that cushion. 2. (No, I) have never lain on a waterbed. 3. (Yes, David) slew Goliath. 4. (No, I) wasn’t sick yesterday. 5. (Yes, he) has been depressed lately. 6. (No, I) am not angry at him. 7. (No, we) don’t see each other often. 8. (Yes, I) have seen that movie. 9. (No, I) didn’t see the car accident. 10. (Yes, he) did his homework. 11. (No, they) haven’t done a lot of traveling. 12. (No, she) didn’t go

away last weekend. 13. (No, he) hasn’t gone to lunch yet. 14. (Yes, he) underwent surgery last week. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did the students lie on the grass? 2. Has the farmer slain the pig? 3. Have they been to New York many times? 4. Was she very nervous before the interview? 5. Does Ann see her mother every week? 6. Did Dorothy see a shooting star? 7. Did the wise man foresee the disaster? 8. Does the company do a lot of business overseas? 9. Did John do well on the exam? exam? 10. Have they gone gone out to dinner? 11. 11. Did his friends go to the concert? 12. Has the economy undergone undergone a major crisis?

Tercer Grupo Clasificación: ET, ET, ET con variantes EAD y EAT Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. lets 2. let 3. has (never) let 4. set 5. to set 6. wets 7. bet 8. bet 9. spreads 10. spread 11. sweat 12. beat Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, he) let her use his computer. 2. (No, his boss) hasn’t let him take the day off work. 3. (No, they) didn’t set a time for the meeting. 4. (No, it) hasn’t set new objectives. 5. (Yes, it) wet all the clothes. 6. (No, he) didn’t bet all his money on that horse. 7. (No, it) hasn’t spread very quickly. 8. (No, they) don’t sweat in these socks. 9. (Yes, Zaragoza) has beat Real Madrid in a soccer match. 10. (Yes, John) beat his brother playing cards. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Does she ever let her hair down? 2. Did the police let him cross the barrier? 3. Have they set a date for their next meeting? 4. Do you always set objectives for yourself? 5. Did the little boy wet his bed last night? 6. Did the rain wet all the laundry? 7. Did he bet on that t hat horse? 8. Did the rumor spread like wildfire? 9. Does Ann sweat a lot at the gym? 10. Does that man beat his wife?

Clasificación: IT, IT, IT Sub-clasificación: ID, ID, ID

Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. hit 2. has hit 3. quit 4. has (just) quit 5. spits 6. spit 7. to split 8. split 9. bid 10. to get rid Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, she) hits the ball hard. 2. (Yes, he) has just hit me. 3. (No, I) haven’t quit smoking yet. 4. (No, she) didn’t quit her job. 5. (Yes, he) just spit in front of me. 6. (No, they) haven’t split the profits between them. 7. (Yes, they) split the bill. 8. (No, they) haven’t bid on the same horse. 9. (Yes, he) bid on that painting. 10. (Yes, she) got rid of her old TV set. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he hit the ball very hard? 2. Has Billy hit his little sister twice today? 3. Has Susan quit several jobs? 4. Did he quit drinking last year? 5. Does he always spit in public places? 6. Did the famous actress spit on the paparazzi? 7. Does the company split its profits among the shareholders? 8. Do they always split the bill when they go out? 9. Did the man bid $100 on the horse? 10. Did she finally get rid of him?

Clasificación: U-T u O-T Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. to cut 2. cut 3. shut 4. shuts 5. thrust 6. costs 7. cost 8. has hurt 9. to hurt 10. burst 11. to burst 12. has (just) put Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (No, he) didn’t cut himself on the bread knife. 2. (Yes, she) cuts my hair. 3. (Yes, I) shut the front door. 4. (No, they) haven’t shut all the windows. 5. (No, he) hasn’t thrust his sword into the bull. 6. (No, it) didn’t cost a lot of money. 7. (Yes, it) costs a lot. 8. (No, it) doesn’t hurt. 9. (Yes, it) hurt a lot. 10. (No, she) didn’t burst into tears. 11. (Yes, I) have put my passport in a safe place. 12. (Yes, he) put the keys on the table. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he cut his finger on the sheet of paper? 2. Does she always cut out clippings from magazines? 3. Did she shut her eyes during parts of the movie? 4. Has he shut all the windows? 5. Did the killer thrust the dagger into the man’s heart? 6. Did your computer cost a lot of money to repair? 7. Does that wine cost over twenty dollars? 8. Did he hurt his knee running? 9. Has her rejection hurt his pride? 10. Did the little boy burst into tears suddenly? 11. Have they put their apartment up for sale? 12. Did he put his arm around her?

Clasificación: CAST, CAST, CAST Ejercicio 1. 1. 1. cast 2. has cast 3. broadcasts 4. broadcast 5. has forecast 6. to forecast Ejercicio 2. 2. 1. (Yes, (Yes, they) cast stones at the soldiers. 2. (No, I) haven’t cast a glance at that report. 3. (Yes, they) have forecast snow for the weekend. 4. (No, it) didn’t forecast the economic crisis. 5. (No, they) didn’t broadcast the news on the radio. 6. (Yes, he) always broadcasts his son’s achievements. Ejercicio 3. 3. 1. Did he cast a quick look around the room? 2. Have they cast their votes? 3. Did the radio broadcast the election results? 4. Have they broadcast the news yet? 5. Have they forecast a decline in real estate prices? 6. Do they forecast rain for tomorrow?

Manual Completo de Los Verbos en Ingl s

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