LIST OF CONTENT
CONTENT
PAGE
1.0 Introduction 2.0 Building Information (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering) 3.0 Mechanical and Electrical System of the Building 3.1 Fire Safety 3.1.1 Introduction of Fire Safety 3.1.2 Active and Passive Fire Safety 3.2 Ventilation 3.2.1 Introduction of Ventilation 3.2.2 Type and Purpose of Ventilation 3.3 Electrical Distribution 3.3.1 Introduction of Electrical Distribution 3.3.2 Building Electrical Supply 3.3.3 Building Electrical Distribution Overview 4.0 Discussion 5.0 Conclusion 5.1 Conclusion 6.0 Reference 6.1 M&E Building Layout
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
The mechanical and electrical system in a building is a most important component to be built in any building. 'M&E' in construction refers to mechanical and elect rical systems. 2.0 BUILDING INFORMATION (FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND ENVIRONMENT)
The FKAAS (Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering) building area is about 21,066 m². The building consists of 25 laboratories which consists from Department of Structural & Materials Engineering (JKSB), Department of Infrastructure &Geomatics Engineering (JKIG), Department of Water & Environmental Engineering (JKAP), Department of Building & Construction Engineering (JKAP), and Department of Architectural & Design Engineering (JSKR). Example of the laboratories facility prepared are;
3.0 MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF THE BUILDING.
The building of FKAAS was completely equip with the M&E system that can enhance the building safety and productivity as a place where people learn and teach. The M&E component that our group focussing on are; 1. Fire Safety 2. Ventilation 3. Electrical Distribution
3.1 FIRE SAFETY 3.1.1 INTRODUCTION OF FIRE SAFETY
Each of the various categories of building and construction codes has a specific focus. For example:
Building codes affect new construction (public occupancy buildings).
Residential codes are building codes for one- and two-famil y residences.
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Fire codes focus on the contents of both new and existing buildings from the point of view of property protection.
Life safety codes address the contents of both new and existing buildings from the point of view of saving lives.
Electrical codes reflect the requirements for electrical cables and electrical systems, including communications, power and emergency systems.
Mechanical codes set standards for mechanical systems intended for air circulation.
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3.1.2 ACTIVE AND PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
Active Fire Protection (AFP) is a
Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is a
group of systems that require some
group
amount of action or motion in order
compartmentalize a building through
to work efficiently in the event of a
the
fire.
walls/floors.
Actions
may
be
manually
use
of
of
systems
fire-resistance
that
rated
Compartmentalizing
operated, like a fire extinguisher or
your building into smaller sections
automatic, like a sprinkler, but either
helps to slow or prevent the spread of
way they require some amount of
fire/smoke from one room to the next.
action.
AFP
includes
fire/smoke
PFP helps to limit the amount of
alarm
damage done to a building and
systems, sprinkler systems, and fire
provides its occupants more time for
extinguishers as well as firefighters.
evacuation. PFP includes fire/smoke dampers,
fire
doors,
and
fire
walls/floors.
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ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION
1) Alarm Bell
Fire alarm system has a number of devices working together to detect and warn people through visual and audio appliances when smoke, fire, carbon monoxide or other emergencies are present. These alarms may be activated automatically from smoke detector and heat detectors or may also be activated via manual fire alarm activation devices such as manual call points or pull stations.
2) Break Glass Call Button
A Break Glass Call Point is a device which enables personnel to raise the alarm by breaking the frangible element on the fascia. They should be mounted 1.4m from the floor and sited where they can be easily seen. Manual Call Points should be sited on the floor landings of stairways and at exits to open air.
3) Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is a device that senses smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as part of a fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself.
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4) Heat Detector A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the converted thermal energy of a fire increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and conductivity of the element regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. All heat detectors have this thermal lag. Heat detectors have two main classifications of operation, "rate-of-rise" and "fixed temperature". The heat detector is used to help in the reduction of damaged property.
5) Fire Extinguisher A fire extinguisher is an active fire protection device used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergency situations. It is not intended for use on an out-ofcontrol fire, such as one which has reached the ceiling, endangers the user (no escape route, smoke, explosion hazard), or otherwise requires the expertise of a fire department. Typically, a fire extinguisher consists of a hand-held cylindrical pressure vessel containing an agent which can be discharged to extinguish a fire.
6) Hose Reel
A Hose Reel is a cylindrical spindle made of metal, fiberglass, or plastic and is used for storing a hose. The most common styles of hose reels are spring driven (which is self-retracting), hand crank, or motor driven.Hose reels are categorized by the diameter and length of the hose they hold, the pressure rating and the rewind method. Hose reels can either be fixed in a permanent location or portable or attached to a truck, trailer, or cart.
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PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION
1) Fire Resistant Door A fire door is a door with a fire-resistance rating (sometimes referred to as a fire protection rating for closures) used as part of a passive fire protection system to reduce the spread of fire and smoke between separate compartments of a structure and to enable safe egress from a building or structure or ship.
2) Emergency Exit An emergency exit in a structure is a special exit for emergencies such as a fire: the combined use of regular and special exits allows for faster evacuation, while it also provides an alternative if the route to the regular exit is blocked by fire.
3) Opening Operation (Fire Stairs) Fire escape is a special kind of emergency exit, usually mounted to the outside of a building or occasionally inside but separate from the main areas of the building. It provides a method of escape in the event of a fire or other emergency that makes the stairwells inside a building inaccessible.
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3.2 VENTILATION 3.2.1 INTRODUCTION OF VENTILATION
The intentional introduction of sub-aerial air can be categorized as either mechanical ventilation, or natural ventilation. Mechanical ventilation uses fans to drive the flow of subaerial air into a building. This may be accomplished by pressurization (in the case of positively pressurized buildings), or by depressurization (in the case of exhaust ventilation systems). Many mechanically ventilated buildings use a combination of both, with the ventilation being integrated into the HVAC system. Natural ventilation is the intentional passive flow of sub-aerial air into a building through planned openings (such as louvers, doors, and windows).
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3.2.2 TYPE AND PURPOSE OF VENTILATION
1) Door The functions of these doors are as admit the venti lation and light. Besides that, the doors control the physical atmosphere within a space by enclosing it, excluding air drafts, so that interiors may be more effectively heated or cooled. They also act as a barrier to noise. The shape of the door, size, designation and materials selected for the doors plays the important role in enabling it works well.
2) Exhaust Exhaust air ventilation systems or central ventilation units works by depressurizing the building. By reducing the inside pressure below the outdoor air pressure, they extract indoor air from the building while make-up air infiltrates through leaks in the building shell and through intentional, passive vents. This system also can contribute to higher heating and cooling costs compared with energy recovery ventilation systems.
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3) Window The functions of the windows, like the day lighting, supply of fresh air and the connection to the outside, they have meet thermal and acoustical requirements. A sufficient level of daylight reduces the energy demand and also provides visual comfort to the occupants. To guarantee a sufficient level of daylight, the windows have to meet minimal requirements in size and orientation.
4) Plenum Plenums are air compartments or chambers that are sometimes found in building, either above suspended ceilings, in the gap between the ceiling and the floor slab or below raised floors in the gap between the raised floor and the floor slab. Plenum system can be combined with thermal mass to help moderate peak conditions, or to allow night time purging. The air spreads across the floor forming a reservoir of fresh, cool air.
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5) Air Conditioning (AC) AC is the process of altering the properties of air (primarily temperature and humidity) to more favorable conditions.
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3.3 ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION 3.3.1 INTRODUCTION OF ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION
Power supplies are categorized in various ways, including by functional features. For example, a regulated power supply is one that maintains constant output voltage or current despite variations in load current or input voltage. Conversely, the output of an unregulated power supply can change significantly when its input voltage or load current changes. Adjustable power supplies allow the output voltage or current to be programmed by mechanical controls (e.g., knobs on the power supply front panel), or by means of a control input, or both. An adjustable regulated power supply is one that is both adjustable and regulated. An isolated power supply has a power output that is electrically independent of its power input; this is in contrast to other power supplies that share a common connection between power input and output.
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3.3.2 BUILDING ELECTRICAL SUPPLY
3.3.3 BUILDING ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION OVERVIEW
The purpose of electrical installation in buildings basically to supply and distribute the power from power supply. FKAAS buildings uses electricity mostly for lighting, laboratory and office. These different space purposes have different requirements of the electricity. So, the building structure must be known before the power supply and distribution system can be planned and designed at the first place.
DISCUSSION
A key aspect of fire protection is to identify a developing fire emergency in a timely manner, and to alert the building's occupants and fire emergency organizations. This is the role of fire detection and alarm systems. Depending on the anticipated fire scenario, building and use type, number and type of occupants and criticality of contents and mission, these systems can provide several main functions. First, they provide a means to identify a developing fire through either manual or automatic methods and second, they alert building occupants to a fire condition and the need to evacuate. Another common function is the transmission of an alarm notification signal to the fire department or other emergency response organization. They may also shut down electrical, air handling equipment or special process operations, and they may be used to initiate automatic suppression systems. This section will describe the basic aspects of fire detection and alarm systems.
4.0 CONCLUSION Conclusion
Overall, the site visit and knowledge in mechanical and electrical system are very useful in determining and identify the component and aspects that need to be exists in a building. The system such as ventilation, electricity, fire safety, and water distribution are very important in a building for it to properly work and provide a comfortable space for human.
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5.0 REFERENCE 1. William K. Y. Tao (1997), Mechanicaland Electrical Systems in Buildings. Prentice
Hall. 2. Benjamin Stein (1997), Building Technology: Mechanical and Electrical Systems,
John Wiley & Sons. 3. J. Trost, Ifte Choudhury (2001), Design of Mechanical and Electrical Systems in
Buildings, Pearson/Prentice Hall. 4. Harry E. Bovay (1982), Handbook of mechanical and electrical systems for buildings,
McGraw-Hill. 5. Walter T. Grondzik, Alison G. Kwok (2014), Mechanical and Electrical Equipment
for Buildings, John Wiley & Sons.
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