PHONETICS VOWEL, DIPHTHONG AND TRIPHTHONG
GROUP 3 : - SYL SYLVINA VINA ARI ARIST STY Y FEBR FEBRIA IAR RY - KARTI ARTIK KA DIN DIND DA UDH UDHA ATY - ANNISA KA KARMILA
ENGLISH DEPARTMENT SCHOOL OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE HARAPAN HARAPAN MEDAN 2016
A VOWEL
Vowel is a speech sound produced by human speech organs without obstacle another speech organs In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language, with two competing definitions. In the more common phonetic definition, a vowel is a sound pronounced with an open vocal tract, so that the tongue does not touch the lips, teeth, or roof of the mouth, such as the English "ah" /ɑː/ or "oh" /oʊ/. There is no buildup of air pressure at any point above the glottis. This contrasts with consonants, such as the English "sh" ! ʃː, which have a constriction or closure at some point along the vocal tract. In the other, phonological definition, a vowel is defined as syllabic, the sound that forms the peak of a syllable. # phonetically e$uivalent but nonsyllabic sound is a semivowel. In oral languages, phonetic vowels normally form the peak %nucleus& of many to all syllables, whereas consonants form the onset and %in languages that have them& coda. 'ome languages allow other sounds to form the nucleus of a syllable, such as the syllabic %i.e., vocalic& l in the English word table %when not considered to have a weak vowel sound. The word vowel comes from the (atin word vocalis, meaning "vocal" %"relating to voice"&. In English, the word vowel is commonly used to mean both vowel sounds and the written symbols that represent them. There are )* vowels in english +
PART OF VOWEL
Vowel divided into three, that is + a& Short vowel , is a simple (non-complex) vocalic segment occurring within the nucleus of a syllable. The following is an overview of the oral cavity for short vowel known as ‘vowel trapezium’ .
b& Long vowels , are vowels associated with two X-slots within the syllabic nucleus. Examples include /i/ (/hid/, heed) and /ɔ/ (/hɔl/, hall). The following is the vowel trape!ium for long vowel
B DIPHTHONG
# diphthong , literally "two sounds" or "two tones", also known as a gliding vowel , is a combination of two adacent vowel sounds within the same syllable. Technically, a diphthong is a vowel with two different targets+ that is, the tongue %and/or other parts of the speech apparatus& moves during the pronunciation of the vowel. In many dialects of English, the phrase no highway cowboys /ˌnoʊ ˈhaɪweɪ ˈkaʊbɔɪ-/ has five distinct diphthongs, one in every syllable. iphthongs contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue or other speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single vowel sound. or instance, in English, the word ah is spoken as a monophthong /ɑː/, while the word ow is spoken as a diphthong /aʊ/. 0here two adacent vowel sounds occur in different syllables1for e2ample, in the English word re-elect 1the result is described as hiatus, not as a diphthong. iphthongs often form when separate vowels are run together in rapid speech during a conversation. 3owever, there are also unitary diphthongs, as in the English e2amples above, which are heard by listeners as singlevowel sounds % phonemes&. iphthongs use two vowel sounds in one syllable to make a speech sound. There are 4 diphtongs in english +
TYPES OF DIPHTHONG
1. Falling and Rising Falling %or descending & diphthongs start with a vowel $uality of higher prominence %higher pitch or volume& and end in a semivowel with less prominence, like !a ɪ in eye, while rising %or ascending & diphthongs begin with a less prominent semivowel and end with a more prominent full vowel, similar to the !a in yard . %5ote that "falling" and "rising" in this conte2t do not refer to vowel height6 for that, the terms "opening" and "closing" are used instead.
2. Closing, Opening and Centering
In closing diphthongs, the second element is more close than the first %e.g. !ai&. In opening diphthongs, the second element is more open %e.g. !ia&. # centering diphthong is one that begins with a more peripheral vowel and ends with a more central one, such as !ɪə , !ɛə , and !ʊə in 7eceived 8ronunciation or !iə and !uə in Irish.
3. Narrow and Wide Narrow diphthongs are the ones that end with a vowel which on a vowel chart is $uite close to the one that begins the diphthong, for e2ample 5orthern utch !eɪ, !9ʏ and !oʊ.
C TRIPHTHONG
This is the most comple2 of the vowels type. # triphthongs is a glide from one vowel to another and then to a third, all produced rapidly and without interruption. In phonetics, a triphthong , literally "with three sounds," or "with three tones", is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a $uick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel $uality to another that passes over a third. 0hile "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two, and triphthongs three.
There are : triphthongs in english +
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