MAKALAH ENERGI TERBARUKAN PENGEMBANGAN ENERGI SURY SU RYA A DI INDONESIA INDONES IA
Disusun Oleh : DEVI SWASTI PRABASIWI
(11/319052/TK/3818!
D"TO WIS#" PRA$"DITO
(11/319202/TK/38332!
KIKIS %"&IA#TI
(11/31919'/TK/3832'!
%"S" PRATA$A P"TRA
(11/319219/TK/383)9!
D*sen Pen+,-.u : P* I Aie Bui-,n $S DEn+
JURUSAN TEKNIK KIMIA FAKULTAS TEKNIK UNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA 2013
BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Bea!a"# $,4,h,i -eu.,,n su-6e ene+i 7,n+ lu, 6i,s, 7,n+ se4i,. h,i i se4i,.
ne+,, i uni, 4e6i4 i 4i-u ,n 4e6en,- i 6,,4 Ki4, -en++un,,n -,4,h,i un4u -eneinisi,n h,i -,4,h,i i.elu,n *leh 4u-6uh,n ,n 4,n,-,n .,n+,n un4u 4u-6uh 4u-6uh -,4,h,i -,4,h,i -e-6ei,n -e-6ei,n ,h,7, un4u i-,n,,4,n i-,n,,4,n -,4,h,i -,4,h,i -e-.en+,uhi -e-.en+,uhi u,, ,n 6eun+si -en,4,n+,n ,n+in Sin+,4 ,4, 4,n., -,4,h,i ehiu.,n i uni, 4i, -un+in 4e,i Di s,-.in+ ,4,;,4, 7,n+ .en4in+ ini -,4,h,i ,4,u su7, u+, -e-6ei,n ene+i ,4,u 4en,+, Ten,+, su7, sen,n4i,s, -en,.,i Bu-i 2) ,- seh,i 4uuh h,i se-in++u <,h,7, <,h,7, -,4,h, -,4,h,i i -en+,n -en+,nun+ un+ 4en,+, 4en,+, 7,n+ 7,n+ see-i see-ii, i,n n 6,n7,n7 6,n7,n7, , sehin+ sehin++, +, 6,h,n 6,h,n se6,+i,n se6,+i,n ,h,7, ,h,7, -,4,h,i -,4,h,i 7,n+ ,4uh i +uun S,h,, ,,n uu. -e-enuhi e6u4uh,n e6u4uh,n ene+i un4u se-u, e6u4uh,n ene+i u-,4 -,nusi, P,, s,,4 -,4,h,i 4en+,h h,i 4en,+, su7, -en,.,i .e-u,,n 6u-i en+,n nil,i ene+i .un, se6es, s,4u il*=,44 (1 W! .e -e4e .ese+i .e ,- >,i i, se-u, ene+i ini 6is, i4,-.un+ -,, ,,n 6is, -en7ei,,n se-u, e6u4uh,n 4en,+, lis4i i se4i,. ne+,, n e+,, 7,n+ ,, i 6u-i ini Den+,n ,4, l,in 4en,+, su7, ,,l,h ene+i 7,n+ 6e,s,l ,i -,4,h,i In*nesi, se6,+,i ne+,, e.ul,u,n 7,n+ 4eii le6ih ,i 1000 .ul,u (.ul,u 6es, ,n eil! -e-ilii 6,n7, ,e, 7,n+ 4i, ,.,4 i,n+,u *leh ,in+,n n,si*n,l (national grid) ,4,u suli4 un4u i,n+,u *leh ene+i -*en Ene+i Ene+i 6,u ,n ene+i ene+i 4e6,u,n 4e6,u,n -eu.,,n su-6e ene+i 7,n+ 6e6,sis,n 6e6,sis,n su-6e ,7, ene+i se4e-.,4/l*,l ,n .*4ensin7, 4esei, i seluuh In*nesi, 7,n+ ,.,4 i-,n,,4,n i-,n,,4,n un4u -e-enuhi e6u4uh,n e6u4uh,n ene+i ene+i lis4i lis4i $,7*i4,s $,7*i4,s .e-6,n+i4 lis4i 7,n+ ,, i In*nesi, ,,l,h .e-6,n+i4 lis4i 7,n+ 6e6,sis ene+i *sil *leh ,en, i4u .en+e-6,n+,n .e-6,n+i4 lis4i lis4i 6e6,sis ene+i 4e6,u,n -e-ilii .*4ensi 7,n+ s,n+,4 6es, Ene+i B,u Te6,u,n Te6,u,n -eu.,,n ene+i 6esih ,en, ,l,- .*ses .en7ei,,n ,n .e-,n .e-,n,,4 ,,4,nn7 ,nn7,, -en+h,s -en+h,sil il,n ,n e-isi e-isi 7,n+ 7,n+ s,n+,4 s,n+,4 eil eil 6,h,n 6,h,n 4i, 4i, ,, e-isi e-isi Peu6,h,n ili- 4el,h -en,i isu +l*6,l Se-,in 6es, .e-,n,,4,n ene+i 4e6,u,n se-,in 6es, e-isi 7,n+ ,.,4 iu,n+i Ene+i 6,u ,n 4e6,u,n -e-.un7,i .e,n 7,n+ s,n+,4 .en4in+ ,l,- -e-enuhi e6u4uh,n ene+i Ke4e+,n4un+,n 4eh,,. ene+i
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BAB 2 PEMBAHASAN 2.1 Pe*a"aata" E"er#& S'r(a
D,l,- .e-,n,,4,n .*4ensi ene+i su7, 4e,.,4 3 (4i+,! -,,- 4en*l*+i 7,n+ su,h i4e,.,n 7,i4u : 1 Ten*l*+i Ene+i Su7, *4**l4,i S,l,h s,4u ,, .en7ei,,n ene+i lis4i ,l4en,4i 7,n+ si,. un4u i4e,.,n se,, -,s,l .,, s,,4 ini ,,l,h -en++un,,n su,4u sis4e4en*l*+i 7,n+ i.een,l,n se6,+,i Sistem Energi Surya Fotovoltaik (SESF) ,4,u se,, u-u- ien,l se6,+,i Pe-6,n+i4 &is4i Ten,+, Su7, *4**l4,i (P&TS *4**l4,i! Se6u4,n SES -eu.,,n is4il,h 7,n+ 4el,h i6,u,n *leh .e-ein4,h 7,n+ i+un,,n un4u -en+ien4ii,si,n su,4u sis4e- .e-6,n+i4 ene+i 7,n+ -e-,n,,4,n ene+i -,4,h,i ,n -en++un,,n 4en*l*+i *4**l4,i Di6,nin+,n ene+i lis4i *nensi*n,l .,, u-u-n7, SES 4ees,n u-i4 -,h,l ,n suli4 i*.e,si,n #,-un ,i .en+,l,-,n le6ih ,i 15 4,hun *.e,si*n,l i 6e6e,., ,=,s,n i In*nesi,
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Pinsi. e, 4en*l*+i ene+i su7, *4**l4,i ,,l,h se6,+,i 6eiu4
Ga*+ar 6. S&%te* F$t$7$ta&! +a#&a" 1
Ga*+ar 6. S&%te* F$t$7$ta&! +a#&a" 1
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) P*-., ,i (en+,n Silus R,nine ,n lui, e, Is*.en4,ne ! 5 Pen7ulin+ ,i ( S*l, Dis4il,4i*n/S4ill ! ' Penin+in (,i,4i ,6s*.si e,.*,si 4e-*ele4i *-.essi.! S4eilis,4* su7, 8 Pe-6,n+i4 lis4i en+,n -en++un,,n *nsen4,4* ,n lui, e, en+,n 4i4i iih en,h "n4u s,l, eil ,n 4en*l*+i 7,n+ seeh,n, ,nun+,n l*,l -en,.,i 100 @ se,n+,n un4u sis4e- en+,n s,l, inus4i (-enen+,h! ,n -en++un,,n 4en*l*+i 4in++i (se.e4i .e-,,i,n K*le4* T,6un+ H,-., ,4,u He,4 Pi.e ! ,nun+,n l*,l -ini-,l -en,.,i 50@
Ga*+ar 9. Pr&"%&4 Ker:a Te!"$$#& E"er#& S'r(a Thermal Pinsi. e, 4en*l*+i ene+i su7, thermal ,,l,h ene+i ,i sin,
-,4,h,i i*us,n .,, lui, e, ,n -en+,i6,4,n lui, e, 4ese6u4 -en,i .,n,s lui, e, 7,n+ 4el,h .,n,s 4ese6u4 i+un,,n un4u -e-,n,s,n ,i hin++, ,i 6eu6,h -en,i superheated steam ,n i+un,,n un4u -e-u4, 4u6in Pu4,, 4u6in 4ese6u4 ,,n -en+h,sil,n 4en,+, ,n ,.,4 i+un,,n un4u 6e6,+,i e.elu,n T,+e4 .en+e-6,n+,n ene+i su7, 4e-,l 7,n+ in+in i,.,i i In*nesi, ,,l,h: 1 $enin+,4n7, ,.,si4,s 4e.,s,n+ sis4e- ene+i su7, 4e-,l 2 Te,.,in7, 4in+,4 *-esi,lis,si 6e6,+,i 4en*l*+i ene+i su7, 4e-,l en+,n ,nun+,n l*,l 7,n+ 4in++i
S4,4e+i .en+e-6,n+,n ene+i su7, 4e-,l In*nesi, i,l,h : 1 $en+,,h,n .e-,n,,4,nn7, un4u e+i,4,n 7,n+ .*u4i
2 $en**n+ e4eli6,4,n s=,s4, ,l,- .en+e-6,n+,nn7, 3 $en**n+ 4ei.4,n7, sis4e- ,n .*l, .en,n,,n 7,n+ ee4i ) $en**n+ e4eli6,4,n uni, us,h, un4u -en+e-6,n+,n su7, 4e-,l P*+,- .en+e-6,n+,n ene+i su7, 4e-,l i In*nesi, ,,l,h se6,+,i 6eiu4: 1 $el,u,n inen4,is,si ien4ii,si ,n .e-e4,,n .*4ensi se4, ,.li,si 4en*l*+i *4*4e-i se,, 6eel,nu4,n 2 $el,u,n ise-in,si ,n ,lih 4en*l*+i ,i .ih, .en+e-6,n+ e.,, .e-,,i ,n .*usen n,si*n,l -el,lui *u- *-uni,si .enii,n ,n .el,4ih,n ,n .*7e;.*7e .e*n4*h,n 3 $el,s,n,,n s4,n,is,si n,si*n,l *-.*nen ,n sis4e- 4en*l*+i *4*4e-i ) $en+,i se-, .e-6i,7,,n ,l,- ,n+, .en+e-6,n+,n -,nu,4u n,si*n,l 5 $enin+,4,n e+i,4,n .eneli4i,n ,n .en+e-6,n+,n un4u 6e6,+,i 4en*l*+i *4*4e-i ' $enin+,4,n .*usi l*,l se,, -,ss,l ,n .en,,+,n un4u e-un+in,n es.* Pen+e-6,n+,n 4en*l*+i *4*4e-i suhu 4in++i se.e4i .e-6,n+i4,n lis4i
P*s.e 4en*l*+i ene+i su7, 4e-,l uu. 6es, 4eu4,-, un4u -enuun+ .enin+,4,n u,li4,s .,s,;.,nen *-*i4i .e4,ni,n un4u 6,n+un,n *-esi,l ,4,u .eu-,h,n i .e*4,,n P*s.e .e-,n,,4,nn7, ,l,- se4*;se4* -,s7,,,4 7,i4u : 1 Inus4i hususn7, ,+*;inus4i ,n inus4i .ees,,n 2 B,n+un,n *-esi,l ,4,u .e,n4*,n 3 Ru-,h 4,n++,
) P"SKES$AS 4e.enil i .ees,,n 3 Ten*l*+i Ene+i Su7, Concentrating $e4*e e,n7, s,-, en+,n .h*4**l,i H,n7, s,, ,, 4,-6,h,nn7, 7,i4u -en++un,,n ,, ,4,u lens, un4u -en,+,. ,h,7, -,4,hi Sel,nu4n7, sin, i4u i4eus,n e .h*4**l4,i ells ,n i*nesi,n -en,i .,n,s
Ga*+ar ;. 5$"
A, e-.,4 4i.e u4,-, sis4e- *nsen4,4* su7, 7,i4u : 1 P,,6*li Sis4e- .,,6*li -e-us,4,n ene+i sin, -,4,h,i en+,n -en++un,,n e-in .,n,n+ 6e6en4u "
Ga*+ar . S&%te* Para+$&< K$"%e"trat$r S'r(a
2 Dish engine Sis4e-
dish
engine
-en++un,,n
.iin+,n
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un4u
-en+u-.ul,n sin, -,4,h,i P,n,s 7,n+ 4e,i -en+,i6,4,n ,i,n i
,l,-
-en+e-6,n+
,n
-ene,n
.is4*n
,4,u
4u6in
,n
-en+h,sil,n ene+i -e,nis Ene+i -e,nis 4ese6u4 e-ui,n i+un,,n
un4u
-e-u4,
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,4,u.un
,l4en,4*
un4u
-en+h,sil,n lis4i
Ga*+ar =. S&%te* Dish Engine K$"%e"trat$r S'r(a
3 $en,, .e-6,n+i4 P,n,s i.us,4,nn7, e 6,+i,n ,4,s se6u,h -en,, i-,n, se6u,h .enei-, i4e-.,4,n 7,n+ i,l,-n7, 6eisi +,,- 7,n+ -en,i ,n -e-,n,s,in ,i ,l,- HE ",. ,,n -en++e,,n 4u6in ,n -e-u4, +ene,4* u,. *nensi*n,l C,,- ,i -eu.,,n -,4ei,l 7,n+ 6is, -en7i-.,n .,n,s ,l,- =,4u 7,n+ l,-, sehin++, .*usi lis4i le6ih *n4in7u
Ga*+ar =. S&%te* Me"ara Pe*+a"#!&t K$"%e"trat$r S'r(a ) &ine, esnel Rele4* &ine, esnel Rele4* -e-us,4,n sin, -,4,h,i e ,l,-
se6u,h 4,6un+ .en7e,. sin, -ii. en+,n *nsen4,4* .,,6*li n,-un ,4* *nsen4,sin7, le6ih eil ,i *nsen4,4* .,,6*li .,, suhu 7,n+ le6ih en,h I4ul,h se6,6n7, se6,+i,n 6es, &ine, esnel Rele4* i,n,n+ en+,n -e-ilih u,. enuh se6,+,i s,4u; s,4un7, lui, e, i eu, 6i,n+ su7, ,n 4u6in K*nse. ini le6ih -u,h ,i.,, *nsen4,4* .,,6*li 4e4,.i -e-ilii eisiensi *.4i ,n 4e-*in,-i, 7,n+ le6ih en,h Sis4e- ini u+, 4i, 6e+i4u ** un4u -en7i-.,n ene+i ,l,- 4,n+i molten salt Di E*., 4e,.,4 2 (u,! .e-6,n+i4 lis4i 6e,s,,n .insi. esnel 7,n+ 6e*.e,si en+,n ,.,si4,s 4*4,l 31) $W ,n 12 $W Keun4un+,n -en++un,,n sis4e- ini ,,l,h : 1 $en++un,,n es,in e-in ,4, un4u -en+*nsen4,si,n sin, -,4,h,i -e-un+in,n .*usi ,n ins4,l,si 7,n+ seeh,n, 2 $e-un+in,n -en++un,,n inus4i l,inn7, se.e4i .en+*l,h,n s4e,- 3 K,.,si4,s poer plant ,n4,, 6e6e,., $W hin++, 200 $W ) Suhu lui, e, : 300 < !oer plant 6,u 7,n+ 4el,h iui 6is, -en,.,i 500 < 5 H,+, PPA ( !oer !urchased "greement ! 7,n+ ,,n -e-6u,4 .*7e l,7, : ,n4,, 13 ,n 20 J / Wh 4e+,n4un+ .,, 4in+,4 ,i,si -,4,h,i uu,n poer plant ,4* ,.,si4,s *nisi eu,n+,n ,n l,in;l,in
Ga*+ar 10. L&"ear Fre%"e Reeer Pa"t
Ga*+ar 11. L&"ear Fre%"e Ree
2.2 E&%&e"%&
S*l, eiien7 ,,l,h u-l,h ,h,7, 7,n+ ,.,4 iu6,h -en,i lis4i 6,i *leh eseluuh,n -*ul (s*l, .,nel eiien7! ,4,u s*l, ells 4un++,l (s*l, ells eiien7! Eiien7 .,, s*l, .,nel le6ih en,h ,i .,, s*l, ells ,en, ,, ,h,7, 7,n+ 4e.,4ul,n Eisiensi s*l, .,nel 4ese6u4 .en4in+ ,en, ,.,4 -enin+,4,n e-6,lin7, ines4,si H,l .en4in+ l,inn7, i,l,h : 1 2 3 )
$e-6u4uh,n u,n+ **4*. 7,n+ seii4 D,.,4 -e-6,n+i4,n lis4i en+,n u-l,h .,nel 7,n+ seii4 $en+u,n+i =,4u ins4il,si ,n le6ih seii4 6,h,n 7,n+ i.,,i $en,=,,n .en7i-.,n,n ,n+, =,4u .,n,n+
K,en, .,, sis4e- ini 7,n+ -e-+,n+ .e,n,n ,,l,h 7s4,line sili*nn7, -,, u.,7, -enin+,4,n eisiensin7, ,,l,h -e-6u,4 .e-u,,n sili*n 4ese6u4 ,.,4 -en7e,. 6,n7, ene+i <,, 7,n+ ,.,4 il,u,n 7,i4u : 1
2.3 Pe*+a"#!&t L&%tr&! Te"a#a S'r(a )& I")$"e%&a
Di In*nesi, P&TS 4e6es, .e4,-, en+,n ,.,si4,s 2F1 $W 4ele4, i Pul,u B,li 4e.,4n7, i e,,h K,,n+,se- ,n B,n+li P&TS l,inn7, 4e,.,4 i : 1 #us, Ten++,, B,,4 2 #us, Ten++,, Ti-u 3 Sul,=esi Sel,4,n Pe-ein4,h -e-.esil,,n si,., s,, un4u -eniu ,n -e-6u,4n7, i ,e,h l,in ,en, P&TS ini 6esi,4 opensource ,4,u 4i, i,4,,n ,l,- h, i.4,
2.6 Ke+'t'/a" L&%tr&! )& I")$"e%&a
PT P&# (Pese*! -en,4,4 .e4u-6uh,n .e-,,i,n lis4i hin++, ,hi $ei 2013 se6es, 1'0 Te, W,44 h*u (TWh! ,4,u 4u-6uh 99' @ 6il, i6,nin+ en+,n .e-,,i,n lis4i .,, $ei 2012 se6es, 1)'1 TWh D,i 4,hun e 4,hun e6u4uh,n .e-,,i,n lis4i 4eus 4u-6uh -,, ,i i4u .e-6u,4,n .e-6,n+i4 lis4i ,i ene+i 6,u ,n 4e6,u,n h,us ie-6,n+,n
2.8 P$te"%& Pe*+a"#!&t L&%tr&! Te"a#a S'r(a )& I")$"e%&a
P*4ensi ene+i su7, i In*nesi, s,n+,4 6es, 7,ni sei4, )8 KWh/-2 ,4,u se4,, en+,n 112000 CW. n,-un 7,n+ su,h i-,n,,4,n 6,u sei4, 10 $W. B,7,n+,n en+,n lu,s =il,7,h ,,4,n In*nesi, 7,n+ -en,.,i 192250 - S,n+,4 -un+in -e-enuhi e6u4uh,n lis4i 4ese6u4 S,,4 ini .e-ein4,h 4el,h -en+elu,,n *,-,. .e-,n,,4,n ene+i su7, 7,n+ -en,+e4,n ,.,si4,s P&TS 4e.,s,n+ hin++, 4,hun 2025 ,,l,h se6es, 08 CW ,4,u sei4, 50 $W./4,hun >u-l,h ini -eu.,,n +,-6,,n .*4ensi .,s, 7,n+ uu. 6es, ,l,- .en+e-6,n+,n ene+i su7, i -,s, ,4,n+
2.9 Ta"ta"#a" Pe*+a"#!&t L&%tr&! Te"a#a S'r(a )& I")$"e%&a
S,,4 ini .en+e-6,n+,n P&TS i In*nesi, 4el,h -e-.un7,i 6,sis 7,n+ uu. u,4 ,i ,s.e e6i,,n #,-un .,, 4,h,. i-.le-en4,si .*4ensi 7,n+ ,, 6elui-,n,,4,n se,, *.4i-,l Se,, 4en*l*+i inus4i .h*4**l4,i (PV! i In*nesi, 6,u -,-.u -el,u,n .,, 4,h,. hili 7,i4u -e-.*usi -*ul su7, ,n -en+in4e+,si,nn7, -en,i P&TS se-en4,, sel su7,n7, -,sih i-.*
2.; A4&!a%& Te!"$$#& E"er#& S'r(a
Ten*l*+i ene+i su7, 4el,h i,.li,si,n ,l,- 6e6,+,i .e,l,4,n i ehiu.,n seh,i;h,i <*n4*h ,.li,si ,i 4en*l*+i ene+i su7, ,,l,h se6,+,i 6eiu4 1 Traffic %ight
Ga*+ar 12. A4&!a%& Te!"$$#& Te"a#a S'r(a Traffic Light
2 Ru-,h R,-,h &in+un+,n
Ga*+ar 13. A4&!a%& Te!"$$#& E"er#& S'r(a R'*a/ Ra*a/ L&"#!'"#a"
3 Charger !ortable
Ga*+ar 16. A4&!a%& Te!"$$#& E"er#& S'r(a Charger Portable
BAB 3 PENUTUP
3.1 Kee+&/a" Pe"##'"aa" E"er#& S'r(a
D,l,- .e-,n,,4,n ene+i su7, se6,+,i su-6e ene+i 4e6,u,n 4e,.,4 6e6e,., ele6ih,n Kele6ih,n ,i .en++un,,n ene+i su7, se6,+,i su-6e ene+i 4e6,u,n ,,l,h : 1 R,-,h lin+un+,n 6,h,n 6,u -eli-.,h i ,l,- ,n 4i, -e-elu,n 6i,7, -en,.,4,nn7, 2
H,-.i 4i, 4e,.,4 6i,7, *.e,si*n,l ,en, 4i, -e-elu,n 6,h,n 6,,
3
D,.,4 i.,s,n+ i -,n, s,, ,n i.in,h,n i, i.elu,n
)
D,.,4 i4e,.,n se,, sen4,lis,si -,u.un esen4,lis,si
5
Besi,4 -*ule
'
T,n., su,, ,n 4i, -eni-6ul,n .*lusi lin+un+,n
Ti, ,, 6,+i,n 7,n+ 6e+e, sehin++, h,-.i 4i, -e-elu,n 6i,7, .e-elih,,,n
8
Pe,=,4,n el,4i -u,h
9
Di,n,n+ 6ee, se,, *4*-,4is sehin++, ,.,4 i4e,.,n i4e-.,4 4e.enil
3.2 Ke!'ra"#a" Pe"##'"aa" E"er#& S'r(a
D,l,- .e-,n,,4,n ene+i su7, se6,+,i su-6e ene+i 4e6,u,n -,sih 4e,.,4 6e6e,., eu,n+,n Keu,n+,n;eu,n+,n 4ese6u4 ,,l,h : 1 Bi,7, .e-6eli,n ,n ins4,l,si 7,n+ uu. -,h,l 2 Ti, ,.,4 i.*usi senii ,4,u se,, se-6,,n+G ,en, -e-elu,n 4en*l*+i 4in++i 3 Pe-6u,4,n Ph*4**l4,i/P&TS uu. u-i4 ) >i, u,, 6e,=,n -,, e, P&TS 4i, -,si-,l 5 P,nel su7, sensi4i 4eh,,. e6u ,n *4*,n ' "n4u s,l, 6es, -e-,,n l,h,n 7,n+ lu,s
3.3 Ke%&*4'a"
Kesi-.ul,n 7,n+ ,.,4 i,-6il ,i .e-,.,,n 4en4,n+ ene+i su7, se6,+,i su-6e ene+i 4e6,u,n i ,4,s ,,l,h se6,+,i 6eiu4
1 Di In*nesi, ene+i su7, uu. -en,i ie-6,n+,n 2 Pen+e-6,n+,n ene+i su7, .elu iuun+ en+,n .eneli4i,n un4u -en,i 6,h,n 3.
sel su7, 7,n+ le6ih eisien ,n -u,h i6u,4 i ,l,- ne+ei Pe-6,n+un,n sel su7, .elu ,,n7, insen4i ,i .e-ein4,h un4u -en,i -,s7,,,4 -en++un,,nn7,
