MAKALAH PROYEK PRAKTIKUM SISTEM DIGITAL PTA 2015/2016 DADU DIGITAL
Disusun Oleh : 2KB09 Hari / Shift : Kamis / 3 Ryan R ( ) Yeremia W B ( ) Wahyu ren!!"n" ( )
LABORATORIUM MENENGAH ELEKTRONIKA KOMPUTER PRAKTIKUM SISTEM DIGITAL JURUSAN SISTEM KOMPUTER (S1)
UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA
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LEMBAR PENGESAHAN
#u$ul %a&alah
:
Da$u Di!ital
'ama / 'm
:
Ryan Ryan R (29*+9) (29*+9) Yeremia W B (2,*3+- ) Wahyu ren!!"n" ( 2,*-+)
Kelas
:
2KB09
Hari / Shift
:
Kamis / 3
.en!ui
.en!ui
(1111)
(1111)
.en!ui
.en!ui
(………….)
(………….)
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2
'ilai 'ama
4lat
%a&alah
.resentasi
Ryan Rama$hansyah Yeremia Wise Barus Wahyu ren!!"n"
Kalimalan!511 / 1111 / 206 .# .ra&ti&um Sistem Di!ital
"tal
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KATA PENGANTAR
Se!ala ui serta syu&ur &e ha$irat 4llah Yan! %aha 7sa5 &erena atas rahmat $an hi$ayah8'ya5 &ami sela&u enulis $aat menyelesai&an ma&alah ini sea!aimana mestinya uuan $ari enulisan ma&alah yan! eru$ul D4D; D<4= > ini a$alah untu& melen!&ai tu!as $ari mata &uliah ra&ti&um sistem $i!ital !ritnya a$alah erua r"ye& emuatan ran!&aian Ber&at a$anya $"r"n!an $an antuan $ari era!ai iha&5 a&hirnya &ami $aat menyelesai&an =a"ran ini teat a$a ?a&tunya Dan a$a &esematan ini &ami in!in menyamai&an u@aan terima &asih &ea$a : Ka&a& &eala K""r$inat"r $an .enan!!un! #a?a .ra&ti&um Sistem Di!ital5 =a"rat"rium 7le&tr"ni&a $an K"muter5 #urusan e&ni& K"muter5 Aa&ultas lmu K"muter 2 Ka&a Ka&a& & 8 &a&a &a&a& & .# Shif Shiftt Sist Sistem em Di!i Di!ita tal5 l5 =a" =a"rat rat"r "riu ium m 7le& 7le&tr" tr"ni ni&a &a $an $an K"muter5 #urusan e&ni& K"muter5 Aa&ultas lmu K"muter 3 Ka&a&8&a&a& 4sisten sistem $i!ital yan! lainnya5 yan! yan! telah memantu &ami $alam mela&sana&an ra&ti&um Sistem Di!ital Kami Kami menya$ menya$ari ari seenu seenuhnn hnnya ya ah?a ah?a ma&alah ma&alah ini ti$a&l ti$a&lah ah semur semurna5 na5 masih anya& &e&uran!an8nya ai& isi mauun sisi materinya Oleh &arena itu $en!an se!ala &eren$ahan hati &ami m"h"n maaf5 $an $en!an se!ala &elaan!an $a$a &ami men!hara&an saran $an &riti& yan! ersifat &"nstru&si $ari se!ena ema@a $an tut"r yan! u$iman5 sehin!!a &ami $aat memuat ma&alah yan! leih ai& la!i $i ?a&tu selanutnya
Kalimalan!54ril 206 .enyusun5
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DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .............................................. ......................................................................... ........................... KATA KATA PENGANTAR....... PENGANTAR.............................. .............................................. ................................................. .............................. .... DAFTAR DAFTAR ISI......................................................... ISI................................................................................................ ........................................ . ! " DAFTAR DAFTAR GAMBAR................................... GAMBAR................................................................................... ................................................ ." DAFTAR DAFTAR TABEL.................. TABEL......................................... ................................................................... ................................................" ...." BAB I PENDAHULUAN..... PENDAHULUAN............................ .............................................. ............................................... ..........................1 ..1 1.1 L#$#% B&'##* B&'##* M#+#'#,....................................... M#+#'#,................................................................1 .........................1 1.2 B#$#+# M#+#'#,........................... M#+#'#,.................................................. .............................................. ...........................1 ....1 1.- T T# # P&'+#.............................. P&'+#..................................................... ............................................ .......................2 ..2 1. M&$& P&'+#............................... P&'+#..................................................................... ............................................2 ......2 1.5 S+$&3#$# 4&'+#....................... 4&'+#.............................................. .....................................................................BAB II LANDASAN TEORI...................................................... TEORI.......................................................................5 .................5 2.1 K34& #* D*##................ D*##........................................ .......................................... .................. 5 2.1.1 R&++$%............................. R&++$%.................................................... ......................................................5 ...............................5 2.1.2 S#'#%.......................................... S#'#%............................................................................ .................................. ......... ......... 2.1.- D# LED........................................... LED..................................................................... .................................. ........ 2.1. K#4#+$%........................... K#4#+$%.................................................. .............................................. ..............................10 .......10 2.1.5 S&"& S&*3&$.............................. S&*3&$.......................................................................1.........................................12.1.6 I7 NE 555..................................... 555............................................................ ..........................................1 ...................1 2.1.8 I7 8-................................. 8-........................................................ ..................................... ........................... ............. 15 2.1. I7 88................................. 88........................................................ ..................................... ........................... ............. 15 2.2 M&39#$ J#'% P7B...................................... P7B...................................................................16 .............................16
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BAB III ANALISA RANGKAIAN......................... RANGKAIAN................................................... .................................... ..........1: 1: -.1 A#'+# R#*## R#*## S&;#%# S&;#%# B' D#*%#3....................................1: D#*%#3....................................1: -.2 A#'+# R#*## R#*## S&;#%# S&;#%# D&$#'.................................... D&$#'.................................................. ..............21 21 BAB IV 7ARA PENGOPERASIAN ALAT.................... ALAT...............................................2 ...........................2 BAB V PENUTUP................................ PENUTUP....................................................... ........................................................ ................................. 25 5.1 K&+34'#.....................................................................................25 5.2 S#%#................................ S#%#....................................................... .............................................. .........................................25 ..................25 DAFTAR DAFTAR PUSTAKA...................... PUSTAKA............................................. ............................................... .......................................28 ...............28 LAMPIRAN........................... LAMPIRAN.................................................. .............................................. ................................................ .........................2 2 D#$# P&*#3#$#........................ P&*#3#$#............................................... ........................................................2 .................................2 S&3#$ R#*##............................ R#*##................................................... ...............................................2: ........................2: L#$ P7B...................................... P7B............................................................. ......................................... ............................ ..........2: 2:
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D#<$#% G#39#%
G#39#% 2.1...................................... 2.1............................................................. .............................................. .......................................5 ................5 G#39#% 2.2...................................... 2.2............................................................. .............................................. ....................................... ................ G#39#% 2.-...................................... 2.-............................................................. .............................................. .......................................: ................: G#39#% 2....................................... 2.............................................................. .............................................. .......................................: ................: G#39#% 2.5...................................... 2.5............................................................. .............................................. .......................................10 ................10 G#39#% 2.6...................................... 2.6............................................................. .............................................. .......................................12 ................12 G#39#% 2.8...................................... 2.8............................................................. .............................................. .......................................12 ................12 G#39#% 2....................................... 2.............................................................. .............................................. .......................................1................1G#39#% 2.:...................................... 2.:............................................................. .............................................. .......................................1 ................1 G#39#% 2.10.................................... 2.10........................................................... .............................................. .......................................15 ................15 G#39#% -.1...................................... -.1............................................................. .............................................. .......................................1: ................1: G#39#% -.2...................................... -.2............................................................. .............................................. .......................................22 ................22
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D#<$#% T#9&'
T#9&' T#9&' 2.1..................................... 2.1............................................................ .............................................. .............................................6 ......................6 T#9&' T#9&' 2.2..................................... 2.2............................................................ .............................................. .............................................1 ......................11 1 T#9&' T#9&' 2.-..................................... 2.-............................................................ .............................................. .............................................1 ......................1 T#9&' T#9&' -.1..................................... -.1............................................................ .............................................. .............................................22 ......................22 T#9&' T#9&' -.2..................................... -.2............................................................ .............................................. .............................................2......................2-
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BAB I PENDAHULUAN
1.1 L#$#% B&'##* M##'#, Den!an Den!an er&eman!n er&eman!nya ya ilmu en!etahuan en!etahuan $i i$an! i$an! te&n"l"!i5 te&n"l"!i5 ai& $ii$an! $ii$an! ele&trt"ni&a mauun $i i$an! lainnya5$en!an erma@am8ma@am r"$u& $an asa aru yan! muta&hir &ita $aat men!enalnya5 &hususnya $i i$am! 7le&tr"ni&a anya& se&ali r"$u&8r"$u& $en!an era!ai ma@am &e@an!!ihan untu& memermu$ah $alam era!ai a&tifitas $alam &ehi$uan masyara&at luas$en!an iaya yan! e&"n"mis $an mu$ah untu& men!ali&asi&annya $en!an etunu&8etunu& yan! enar D# &'&$% erfun!si untu& men!hemat tena!a ma&su$nya a$alah
misalnya &ita in!in ermain $a$u iasanya &ita men!"@"& $a$u $en!an men!!una&an taun! taun! (atau seenisnya) seenisnya) $en!an $en!an @ara seerti itu &ita telah anya& anya& memuan!8 memuan!8uan! uan! ?a&t ?a&tu u $an $an tena tena!a !a &ita &ita55 ah& ah&an an u&a u&an n hany hanyaa itu itu saa saa &ita &ita u!a u!a isa isa &ehi &ehila lan! n!an an &eeru &eeruntu ntun!a n!an n ma&a ma&a $en!an $en!an ter"" ter""san san aru aru &ami &ami a&an a&an memr" memr"$u& $u&si si suatu suatu alat alat ele& ele&tr" tr"ni ni& & untu& untu& mem memerm ermu$ u$ah ah $alam $alam erm ermain ain $a$u $a$u yan! yan! $ise $iseu utt $en! $en!an an # &'&$%. $en! $en!an an men! men!!u !una na&a &an n alat alat ini ini &ita &ita a&an a&an men! men!hem hemat at tena! tena!aa $an $an a$a a$a
ermainan ti$a& erlu la!i &ita men!"@"& $a$u $alam taun! serta mun!&in &ita leih eruntun!
1.2 1.2
B#$# B#$#+# +# M#+# M#+#'# '#, ,
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2
%a&alah %a&alah a&an a&an $itutu $itutu $en!an $en!an &esim &esimula ulan n men!en men!enai ai m"$ul m"$ul ali&a ali&asi si D4D; D4D; 7=7KR 7=7KRO' O'K K serta serta a&an a&an $itutu $itutu ula ula $en!an $en!an saran saran $ari $ari enyu enyusun sun &ea$a ema@a $alam en!eraan r"ye& D4D; D<4= D<4= 1.1.-
T# # P& P&' '+# +#
4$aun tuuan $ari enulisan ma&alah ini5 antara lain sea!ai eri&ut :
%em %emer eri& i&an an en en!e !eta tahu huan an tent tentan an! ! ali ali&a &asi si $ari $ari ran! ran!&a &aia ian n ran!& ran!&ai aian an $asar seelumnya yan! telah ra&ti&an ra&te&8&an $alam ra&ti&um sisitem $i!ital
2
%em %emeri eri& &an en! en!et etah ahua uan n $asar asar a!i a!i ra& ra&ti ti& &an seel seelum um mela mela& &u&an u&an resentasi r"ye& yan! a&an $ila&sana&an setelah semua ra&ti&um sistem $i!ital
3
%emeri&an
en!etahuan
men!enai
emuatan
D4D;
7=7KRO'K5 a!ar isa mena$i masu&an untu& yan! lainnya 1.
M&$& P&'+#
Dalam Dalam menyu menyusun sun ma&ala ma&alah h ini5 ini5 &ami &ami selesai& selesai&an an $en!an $en!an men!!u men!!una& na&an an eeraa met"$e enulisan5 antara lain sea!ai eri&ut :
%et" %et"$e $e &e &eus usta ta&a &aan an55 yait yaitu u mela mela&u &u&a &an n en! en!um umu ula lan n $ata $ata $en $en!a !an n @ara @ara mema@a mema@a $ari u&u8u&u u&u8u&u referensi referensi $an mela&u&an ertu&aran ertu&aran $ata $en!an ara ela&sana r"ye& yan! sama
2
%et" %et"$e $e a
li
aitu aitu $
alis alis
&aia &aia
un D4D; D4D;
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3
*
%et" %et"$ $e inte inter rie ie? ? / @r"s @r"sss @he@ @he@&5 &5 yai yaitu tu $en $en!an !an men!a en!au u& &an e eera eraaa ertanyaan &ea$a narasumer atau asisten5 !una men$aat&an a?aan yan! mena$i &esea&atan atau &eseahaman ersama
1.5
S+$&3#$# P&'+#
Sistemati&a enulisan ma&alah ini a$alah : B4B
.7'D4H;=;4' Dalam Dalam a ini $iurai $iurai&an &an men!en men!enai ai latar latar ela&a ela&an! n! masala masalah h men!a men!aa a $ie $ierl rlu& u&an an emu emuata atan n
r"y r"ye& e& $an $an
eny enyusu usuna nan n
ma&a ma&alah lah D4D; D4D;
D<4=5 &emu$ian $iurai&an u!a men!enai ematasan emahasan ma&al ma&alah5 ah5 tuuan tuuan enuli enulisan san ma&al ma&alah5 ah5 met"$e met"$e yan! yan! $i!una $i!una&an &an $alam $alam menyelesai&a menyelesai&an n r"ye& r"ye& en!eraan en!eraan D4D; D<4= D<4= eserta eserta enulisan enulisan ma&alahnya5 lalu yan! tera&hir yaitu $iurai&an tentan! sistemati&a $ari enulisan ma&alah D4D; D<4= D<4= itu sen$iri
B4B
=4'D4S4' 7OR %en %enel elas& as&an an te"ri te"ri se@ar se@araa sin!& sin!&at at $an $an elas elas men! men!en enai ai D4D; D4D; 7=7KRO'K $an ali&asinya $alam &ehi$uan sehari C hari
B4B
4'4=S4 R4'
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4
B4B
.7';;. Berisi &esimulan &esimulan $an saran men!enai men!enai r"ye& r"ye& D4D; D<4= D<4= yan! se$an! $iahas
Daftar .usta&a
Berisi& Berisi&an an sumer sumer8su 8sum mer er yan! yan! a&an a&an &ami &ami amil amil $alam $alam menyu menyusun sun ma&alah ini
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BAB II LANDASAN TEORI
2.1. 2.1.
KOMPON KOMPONEN EN YANG DIGUNA DIGUNAKAN KAN
2 Resis esist" t"r r
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ie ie resist" resist"rr $ia!i $ia!i mena$ mena$ii $ua yaitu yaitu resist" resist"rr teta teta $an resist" resist"rr ti$a& ti$a& teta Resist"r teta a$alah resist"r $en!an nilai hamatan teta Resist"r teta (umum) ini erentu& taun! $en!an $ua &a&i tema!a $i &iri $an &anan .a$a a$annya ter$aat lin!&aran mementu& !elan! &"$e ?arna untu& memu$ah&an ema&ai men!enali esar resistansi tana men!u&ur esarnya $en!an Ohmmeter Ohmmeter ael 2
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7
$emi&i $emi&ian an ema&a ema&aii su$ah su$ah lan!su lan!sun! n! men!et men!etahu ahuii eraa eraa t"leran t"leransi si $ari $ari resist" resist"r r terseut #umlah #umlah !elan! !elan! yan! yan! melin! melin!&ar &ar a$a a$a resist" resist"rr umumny umumnyaa sesuai sesuai $en!an $en!an esar t"leransinya Biasanya resist"r $en!an t"leransi -E5 0E atau 20E memili&i 3 !elan! ( ti$a& termasu& !elan! t"leransi ) etai resist"r $en!an t"leransi E atau 2E ( t"leransi &e@il ) memili&i * !elan! ( ti$a& termasu& !elan! t"leransi )
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8
.erse!i emat er?arna utih atau serin! $iseut resist"r atu5 namun a$a u!a yan! erentu& silin$er etai etai iasanya untu& resist"r u&uran um" ini nilai resistansi $i@eta& lan!sun! $ia$annya5 misalnya 00-W Se$an! Se$an!&an &an resist" resist"rr ti$a& ti$a& teta teta a$alah a$alah resist" resist"rr yan! yan! nilai nilai hamat hamatann annya ya eruah8 uah yaitu "tensi"meter $an trim"t (resistansi $aat $iuah $en!an @ara $iutar $en!an "en!) 22 Sa&lar Sa&lar a$alah seuah alat atau ata u &"m"nen ele&tr"ni&a yan! erfun!si untu& memutus $an menyamun! aliran listri&5 a$a ran!&aian sa&lar erfun!si sea!ai terminal .a$a umumnya sa&lar memili&i $ua &"n$isi yaitu O' (menyamun!) $an OAA (memutus)5 aaila sa&lar $alam &"n$isi O' ma&a &e$ua &utu sa&lar $alam $alam &"n$i &"n$isi si terhu terhuun! un!55 sehin!! sehin!!aa arus arus listri listri& & $aat $aat men!al men!alir ir $ari $ari sumer sumer te!an!an &e $alam ran!&aian5 sehin!!a ran!&aian $aat e&era5 tetai aaila sa&lar $alam &ea$aan OAA ma&a &e$ua &utu sa&lar $alam &"n$isi memutus (ti$a& (ti$a& tersam tersamu un!) n!)55 sehin! sehin!!a !a arus arus listri& listri& $ari $ari sumer sumer te!an! te!an!an an ti$a& ti$a& $aat $aat men!alir &e $alam ran!&aian5 sehin!!a ran!&aian ti$a& $aat e&era
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9
=7D =7D $iu $iuat at a!ar a!ar lei leih h efis efisie ien n i&a i&a men! men!el elua uar& r&an an @aha @ahay ya ;ntu ;ntu& & men$a men$aat& at&na na emisi emisi @ahay @ahayaa a$a a$a semi&" semi&"n$u n$u&t" &t"r5 r5 $"in! $"in! yan! yan! a&ai a&ai a$alah a$alah !alium5 arseni@ $an h"s"rus #enis $"in! yan! ere$a men!hasil&an ?arna @ahaya yan! ere$a ula
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10
2* 2* Kaasit Kaasit"r "r (&"n$e (&"n$ensa nsat"r t"r))
a$alah suatu alat yan! $aat menyiman ener!i / muatan listri& $i $alam me$an listri&5 $en!an @ara men!umul&an &eti$a&seiman!an internal $ari
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11
Kaasitansi $i$efinisi&an sea!ai &emamuan $ari suatu &aasit"r untu& $aat menamun! muatan ele&tr"n ,"ul"ms a$a aa$ + men!hitun! ah?a @"ul"m 62- G 0+ ele&tr"n Kemu$ian %i@hael Aara$ay memuat "stulat ah?a seuah &aasit"r a&an memili&i &aasitansi seesar fara$ i&a $en!an te!an!an "lt $aat memuat muatan ele&tr"n seanya& @"ul"ms Dalam Dalam ra& ra&te te& & em emuat uatan an &aa &aasi sit" t"r5 r5 &aa &aasi sita tans nsii
$ihi $ihitu tun! n! $en! $en!an an
men!etahui luas area lat metal (4)5 ara& (t) antara &e$ua lat metal (teal $iele& $iele&tri& tri&)) $an &"nstan &"nstanta ta (&) ahan ahan $iele& $iele&tri& tri& Den!an Den!an rumus rumus $aat $aat $i tulis tulis sea!ai eri&ut : , (++- G 082) (& 4/t) Beri&ut a$alah tael @"nt"h &"nstanta (&) $ari eeraa ahan $iele&tri& yan!
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12
A 000 JJA (mi&r"8mi&r" Aara$) JA 086 A nA 089 A A 082 A
K"nersi K"nersi satuan entin! $i&etahui untu& memu$ah&an memu$ah&an mema@a esaran esaran seuah &aasit"r %isalnya 00*FJA $aat u!a $ia@a sea!ai *FnA5 atau @"nt"h lain 0nA sama $en!an 00A Kaasit"r / &"n$ensat"r $ii$enti&&an memunyai $ua &a&i $an $ua &utu
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13
2- Seen Se!ment Seen se!ment $islay a$alah seuah ran!&aian ran!&aian yan! $aat menamil&an menamil&an an!& an!&a8a a8an! n!&a &a $esim $esimal al mau mauun un he&s he&sa$ a$esi esima mal l See Seen n se!me se!ment nt $is $islay lay iasa iasa tersusun atas F a!ian yan! setia a!iannya merua&an =7D (=i!ht 7mittin! Di"$e) yan! $aat menyala #i&a F a!ian $i"$e ini $inyala&an $en!an aturan yan! se$emi&ian rua5 ma&a &etuuh a!ian terseut $aat menamil&an seuah an!&a he&sa$esimal Seen8se!ment $islay memutuh&an F sinyal inut untu& men!en$ali&an setia $i"$e $i $alamnya Setia $i"$e $aat memutuh&an inut H
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14
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15
2F , F*+3 , F*+3 a$alah ran!&aian = $en!an * uah enumlah8enuh yan! erarti ah?a ran!&aian ini $aat menumlah&an ilan!an ilan!an * it Dua atau leih enumlah aralel $aat $ihuun!&an se@ara &as&a$e untu& mementu&
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15
2.2
MEMB MEMBUA UAT T JALUR JALUR DI P7B
%et"$e %et"$e yan! &ami la&u&an untu& memuat alur a$a .,B yaitu met"$e met"$e enila&an / transfer5 met"$e terseut menurut &ami san!at mu$ah $itera&an5 memutuh&an ?a&tu yan! relatif sin!&at5 $an iaya yan! se$i&it %ula8mula ersia&an $ulu alat8alat $an eeraa eralatan selen!&a8
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17
•
.enyusunan &"m"nen yan! raih $an erurut sesuai $en!an enis nya tentunya memuat tamilan alur mena$i leih raih
•
Kemu Kemu$i $ian an mulai mulai $en! $en!an an mem memuat uat alu alurr @ @ @aran @arany ya yaitu aitu $en! $en!an an men!huun!&an titi&8titi& a$a setia &"m"nen yan! harus terhuun! sesuai $en!an ran!&aian yan! in!in $iuat
•
Dalam men!huun!&an titi& &"m"nen &e titi& &"m"nen lain temuh
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18
•
Se!e Se!era ra
sete setela lah h
$if" $if"t" t"@" @"y y
tran trans sar aran an55
lan! lan!su sun! n!
la&u la&u&a &an n
r"s r"ses es
enila&an aha aha ini merua&an taha seten!ah alan untu& men$aat&an men$aat&an hasilnya •
Sia&an setri&a listri& &emu$ian settin! untu& men$aat&an anas yan! hamir hamir enuh enuh Siman Siman hasil hasil f"t"@" f"t"@"y yn n ta$i ta$i $iatas $iatas aan aan .,B "l"s $en!an $en!an "sisi "sisi nama& nama& &asar &asar ta$i ta$i ersen ersentuh tuhan an $en!an $en!an .,B .,B Kemu$i Kemu$ian an
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18
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