Macromolecule Macromolecule Lab Ravi Patel 3.1 Proteins
Table 3.2 Biuret Test Tube
Contents
Final Color
1
Disti Distille lled d water
Transpa ranspare rent, nt, light light blue, blue, navy Dark Purple Purplish blue, darkish blue Light blue, really clear
2 3 4 •
•
Conclusions
Possibly little protein with clear peptide or no protein at all Albumin Proteins are present with purple peptides Pepsin Proteins are present with purple or black colored peptides Starch Possible little protein with clear peptide or no protein at all Our results are correct because water and starch should not contain protein starch is a polysaccharide but not o! an amino acid" and there!ore remained blue unlike Albumin and Pepsin which do contain proteins causing them to turn into a di#erent color$ Test Test tube % & is the the controlled controlled sample' a controll controlled ed sample is an e(periment e(periment under regular regular conditions$ )(periment Procedure include controlled sample in order to indenti!y the di#erence between the regular conditions and the e(perimented conditions$
3.2 Carbohydrates
Table 3.3 Iodine (IKI) Tests for Starch Tube
Contents
1 2
*ater Starc Starch h Suspe Suspens nsion ion
3 4 5 •
•
•
Color
Conclusions
Dark amber, maple syrup Does not contain starch Dark Dark amber amber red, red, almo almost st +ontains starch black Onion uice -etchup red, gold tint +ontains a slight amount o! starch Potato uice .lack brownish +ontains starch /lucose solution Amber red Does not contain starch Our results were accurate and did not contain any une(pected results$ Since water and /lucose shouldn0t contain starch they appeared to be yellowish1brown$ .ut starch suspension, onion 2uice, and potato 2uice should contain starch and there!ore changed color$ Potato3 o $ o $ Onion3 o 4nder the microscope onion did not contain starch, but a!ter some research, 5 have discovered that onions actually contain glucose, a component o! starch, but when tested with iodine !or starch as we did in class" it will result negative because glucose is a simple sugar$
Table 3.5 3. 5 Benedicts Bened icts !ea"ent Test Tube 1 2 3 4 5 • •
•
Contents
Color (#fter $eatin")
Conclusions
*ater Dark blue +ontains no sugars /lucose solution 6orest green +ontained very low amount o! sugar Onion uice .right orange +ontained 7igh amount o! sugar Potato uice Tur8uoise +ontained very low amount o! sugar Starch )lectric blue +ontained no sugars Suspension 5n table 9$:, test tube & served as the controlled sample *hen table 9$9 and 9$: are compared these are the ending results3 o *ater is the controlled sample and does not contain sugars o Onion uice contains sugars as well as potato 2uice /lucose is stored as starch in potatoes but not so much in onions$ This helps e(plain the results in table 9$: because since potato 2uice stores glucose as starch proven in table 9$9" it showed that it contained less sugar not in in the !orm o! starch, but when onion 2uice was tested, it
%a"e &
Macromolecule Lab Ravi Patel resulted in containing small amounts o! starch proven in table 9$9" but high amounts o! sugar not in the !orm o! starch$
Starch Composition
Table 3.& Starch Co'osition Tube
Contents
1 2
*ater ; Spit Starch ; Spit
•
Color Chan"e
Conclusions
+lear blue,
=o sugar or maltose Some maltose because it became clear and thick
Test for Lipids
Table 3. Test for *iids Sa'le
+bser,ations
Conclusions
-ater Sot
*ater Spread out instantly consuming almost 9 times the original radius o! the droplet out o! the s8uare paper$ A!ter : min it had almost spread out across >?@ o! the paper and had success!ully penetrated the paper but also evaporated a little$ Started to spread out at a very slow and gradual rate, and le!t a shine$ A!ter : min it still remained on top$
*ater is not a !at because it started evaporating a little and didn0t leave an oily spot
+il Sot
Oil is a !at because it didn0t evaporate and le!t an oily spot
Emulsification of lipids • •
Test tube &3 egetable oil is not soluble in water Test tube B3 The oil seems to have been distributed in the water, though it has not been dissolved$
Table 3. /'ulsi0cation Tube
Contents
+bser,ations
1
Oil *ater
Large bubbles o! oil in the water
2 •
•
Conclusions
Oil is non1polar and there!ore did not dissolve in the water Oil *ater Seems to be like a huge cell$ Small The emulsiCer helped distribute )mulsiCer particles enclosed in a large circle the oil among the water Test tube & looked like B di#erent layers to the unaided eye$ .ut when it was closely e(amined under a microscope, it showed a !ew bubble in the water$ Similarly to the unaided eye view, the oil is still separated !rom the water$ Test tube B looked as i! the oil had dissolved in the water when viewed without the microscope$ .ut when it was magniCed, it showed that the oil had not dissolved, instead it had only been dispersed into the water$
3.4 Testing the Chemical Composition of Eeryday !aterials and an "n#o$n
Table 3. /,erda aterials and nno6ns Tube
Su"ar
Starch
%rotein
*iid
1
.abySolid .lue
.lack
)(panded !ast
2 3 4
+loudy Tur8uoise 6orest /reen +rystal darksky blue
Euddark green Dark amber Euggy orange
Light .lue +louds /olden dirt rain 6oggy Purple 6oggy Purple
%a"e B
Fellow in +enter )(panded slowly *hite Substance in middle
Macromolecule Lab Ravi Patel 5
+lear blue
•
•
+loudy amber
+lear Purple
)(panded very !ast then slowed down Fes, there are many materials that resulted positive in multiple organic compounds$ Such as Test tube number 9, which contains sugars and e(panded slowly meaning it0s a lipid$ One type o! !ood would be a potato containing starch and sugars" or milk containing sugars and proteins"
Laboratory %eie$ 3 &$ B$ 9$ H$ :$ I$ J$ K$ >$ &?$ &&$ &B$ &9$ &H$
Peptide .ond )nGymes andor +atalysts Amino /roup and +arbonyl /roup Starch /lucose or Ealtose Starch is stored as granules within cellular structures called plastids, including chloroplasts$ .y synthesiGing starch, the plant can stock pile surplus sugar$ Starch is composed entirely o! glucose monomers Ea2or !unction o! !at is energy Storage *hen !at is hydrolyGed, the !atty acid molecules are released An emulsiCer can help disperse a !at in water 6ats are non1polar Proteins A very long time because eggs do not contain much starch .enedict0s Reagent
Thought &uestions &:$"5t is necessary to shake a bottle o! salad dressing be!ore adding it to the salad because most o! the !ats are on top and the other substances are on the bottom, and in order to get a good ration o! !ats to the other substances, a good shake is re8uired$ &I$" These results are considered negative because .lue is the original color o! both o! those reagents, which means that neither o! them reacted meaning that the substance has neither starch or sugar$ Since they were not present the result is negative. 5! they had been present the result would have been positive$
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