MACAGA-AN VS PEOPLE JULY JULY 29, 1987 | FELICIANO, FELICIANO, J. J. P: Madid Macaga-an, et al (Treasurers of various municipalities municipalities in Lanao del Norte and Lanao del Sur, and OIC Provincial Treasurer’s Oce, !ssistant Provincial !uditor of Lanao del Sur" R: People of t#e P#ilippines TOPIC: Wh !"# "$"%& ' "!()*+# FACTS In a decision on July on July 15, 1981, 1981, t#e $$ petitioners %ere c#arged and convicted in && cases for )*+"'" t#roug# falsi'cation of pulic and commercial documents) T#e total amount of *overnment funds (treasur+ %arrants" involved %as $)P2.7 !%&&%() Petitioners moved to close t#eir cases on ground t#at t#e+ #ad een given amnest+ + former President Marcos on January on January 28 1986) 1986) T#e Sandigana+an reuired t#em to sumit originals or aut#enticated copies of t#eir amnest+ papers, %#ic# t#e+ %ere unale to produce) Petition %as denied) !ccording to t#e petitioners, t#e+ %ere given conditional amnest+ on Feb 2, 1985 , t#roug# t#e &rd and t# A!()*+# C!!%**%( (sic" of Lanao del Sur and Mara%i Cit+, su.ect to t#e approval or 'nal action of t#e President President of t#e P#ilippines, P#ilippines, pursuant to P/ 01$) T#e !mnest+ Commission Commission recommended recommended t#e approval of t#eir amnest+ or grant of e2ecutive clemenc+) clemenc+) January 22, 1986: 1986: 3ormer 3ormer *overnor Mo#ammed !li /imaporo made %ritten representations %it# Marcos concerning t#e applications applications during a political rall+ of t#e 4ilusang 5agong Lipunan) Marcos apparentl+ %rote t#e follo%ing on t#e upper rig#t #and corner of /imaporo6s letter7 8 A$)8 and signed t#e same %it# a partl+ illegile date) Petitioners also state t#at t#e original copies of t#e amnest+ papers %ere lost or destro+ed at Malacanang 8during t#e 3eruar+ 91: /&&)** /&&)** !%&%+"# )$&0+%(8 and could not e located) In a M;, petitioners soug#t to present secondar+ evidence of t#e amnest+, ut t#e Sandigana+an Sandigana+an did not allo% it) Court also
#eld t#at amnest+ ene'ts under P 182 %ere never availale to t#em) Petitioners see< certiorari in SC, claiming t#at amnest+ statute P 182 is applicale to t#em, NOT P 1182) and t#at t#e+ s#ould e allo%ed to present secondar+ secondar+ evidence of t#e amnest+ given + Marcos) ISSUES ) =>N P 182 applies to t#e petitioners) 3NO
4EL5RATIO 1. P 182 82 does not appl+ to t#e petitioners ecause t#eir acts %ere not o?enses of reellion) T#e o?enses for for %#ic# amnest+ amnest+ ma+ e granted under t#e provisions of P 182 are acts %#ic# %ere done in furt#erance of resistance to t#e ;epulic /# !)!/)* "( *0+)* ' +h) MNLF "( +h) 6"(*" M A!# "( +h) "(+%-$)(!)(+ "(+%-$)(!)(+ 0* %+h *%!%&" !+%$"+%(* "( "%!*. - @;esi @;esista stance nceA A B o?ense o?enses s of reel reellio lion> n> insurrection> sedition under Crimes !gainst Pulic Order T#ere is not#ing in t#e case to indicate indicate t#at t#e acts petitioners %ere convicted %ere 8%( +h) '0+h)"() ' )*%*+"() + +h) 0&# (*+%+0+) "0+h%+%)* ' +h) R)0/&% ' +h) Ph%&%%()* )8 On t#e contrar+, t#e acts of %#ic# t#e accused %ere convicted %ere %("# %!)* (aleit carefull+ plotted and s+stematicall+ carried out + numerous accused" %it#out an+ political comple2ion and consisting simpl+ of diversion of pulic funds to private pro't) $) Petit Petition ioners ers fall fall under under )*(* ))**&# %*;0"&%<) '! "!()*+# , stated in S) 2="> ' P 1182, %#ic# repealed P/ 01$) Petitioners’ applications for amnest+ %ere also 'led /)#( +h) +%!) &%!%+ provided in P/ 1$
P 1182 SEC. 2 ="> P)*(* %*;0"&%<): Those who have promoted, maintained or headed a rebellion or insurrection or who, while holding public oce or employment too! part therein, therein, engaged in war against the "orces o" the #overnment, destroyed property or committed serious violence, exacted contributions or diverted public funds from the lawful
purpose for which they had been appropriated $
!lt#oug# P/ 1$ covers t#e same su.ect matter as P/ 01$, P/ 1$ maor modi'ed all la%s, decrees, instructions, rules and regulations inconsistent %it# t#at decree)
&) T#e supposed approval of t#e former President done in 91, in clear conDict %it# t#e restrictions in t#e ver+ decrees #e promulgated, "((+ /) %$)( "(# &)"& )@)+) It ma+ e supposed t#at Marcos could #ave validl+ amended P * 182 and 1182 so as to %ipe a%a+ t#e restrictions and limitations found in t#e decrees) 5ut Marcos did not amend #is o%n decrees and #e must e #eld to t#e terms and conditions t#at #e #imself #ad promulgated in t#e e2ercise of legislative po%er) Petition /ENIE/)
