``Los derechos en serio``, Ronald Dworkin, un enemigo de alcurnia para H.L.A Hart.

]GFYM_RFNLN BCJM@FC ELVC_ NM G]MR^_L RMÜC_L NMJ _CRL_FC Ilb}j~ln nm K}rftr}nmgbfl ^MC_ÅL NMJ NM_MBHC Rmem~rm F nm ?4
ddJc nmrmbhc mg mrfc¾¾* _cgljn Pcrafg` }g mgmef`c nm ljb}rgfl tlrl H'J'L Hlr~'

Rmrfl bcetjm~lemg~m fglnmb}lnc m~}nflr jl ~mcrål nmj nmrmbhc* f gc m ~}yfmm mg b}mg~l mj ltcr~m nm }g `rlg trcimcr m~lnc}gfnmgm; _cgljn Npcrafg' Nfbhc l}~cr m hl nm~lblnc mg jl ûj~fel næblnl* ~lg~c jl ifjcciål tcjå~fbl bcec mg jl ifjcciål k}rånfbl' R} ~mcrål bcec nmnm }g trfgbftfc m tjlg~ml fg~mg~l mg bfmr~c mg~fnc nmemeorlr nm elgmrl ~lg trci}gnl lj`}gc nm jc tc~}jlnc nmj tcf~fyfec* |}m mg jl nfljæb~fbl |}m metjml trm}tcgm jc lr`}emg~c bcg jc b}ljm mg~rlrålg l bcg~rcymr~fr } trctfc tmglefmg~c' Lg~m nm trci}gnf{lr mg } ~mf* nmec }g ormym rmtlc tcr } yfnl' Glbfò mg Pcrbm~mr* Ellbh}m~~* mg <622 b}rò m~}nfc mg jl ]gfymrfnln nm Hlrylrn v bcg tc~mrfcrfnln mg Cxicrn' V j}m`c ~rlolkò mg }gl fetcr~lg~m ifrel nm loc`lnc gcr~mlemrfblgl' Tc~mrfcremg~m m nmnfbò l jl ncbmgbfl mg jl ]gfymrfnln nm Vljm v mg <696 cb}tò jl bì~mnrl nm K}rftr}nmgbfl nm jl ]gfymrfnln nm Cxicrn* mg ncgnm }bmnfmgnc l H'J'L' Hlr~' Lfefec* hl fnc trcimcr nm jl ]gfymrfnln nm Jcgnrm* v hl lj~mrglnc nfbhl lb~fyfnln bcg jl fetlr~fbfòg nm mefglrfc mg jl ]gfymrfnln nm G}myl Vcra bcgk}g~lemg~m bcg ^hcel Gl`mj v Kúr`mg Hlomrel' Mg~rm } corl m mgb}mg~rlg; ¾¾Jc nmrmbhc mg mrfc¾¾* ¾¾Irmmnce– Jlp; ^hm Ecrlj _mlnfg` ci ~hm Lemrfblg Bcg~f~}~fcg ¾¾ (<689&* ¾¾Jfim– Ncefgfcg; Lg Lr`}emg~ loc}~ Locr~fcg¾¾* ¾¾M}~hlglfl lgn Fgnfyfn}lj Irmmnce¾¾ (<662&' Mg ?440 rmbfofò mj Trmefc Emecrflj Hcj`mr Fg~mrglbfcglj mg H}elgfnlnm* tcr } ~rlolkc nm fgym~f`lbfòg nm fetlb~c e}gnflj' R} ~mcrål nmj nmrmbhc bcec fg~m`rfnln m }gl nm jl eì fgij}vmg~m nm jl ~mcrål bcg~metcrìgml corm jl gl~}rljm{l nm jl jmv' < F%Mj nmol~m' ]gl ym{ eì gc fgefb}fec mg jl trm`}g~l nm ³bòec nmomr mr mj nmrmbhc3 * mj lr`}emg~c nm Npcrafg m~ì bjlrlemg~m fgij}mgbfnc tcr jc tmglefmg~c |}m glbmg nm bcg~rlnmbfr jc tc~}jlnc nm Tcf~fyf~l bcec H'J'L Hlr~ c L}~fg' V bcec ~lj nlrì }g rmtlc nm jc |}m mj comryl v bcetrmgnm nm nfbhc l}~crm' Tlrl H'J'L Hlr~* jl elgmrl nm fnmg~fifblr b}ìjm cg jc hmbhc |}m `mgmrlg nmrmbhc* b}ljm gcrel fg~m`rlg jc f~mel k}rånfbc v b}ìjm gc* nmomrì mxf~fr }gl gcrel nm rmbcgcbfefmg~c' J}m`c nfbhl gcrel müljlrl |}m jc |}m nfb~l mj jm`fjl~fyc* jc |}m bcgfnmrl jl k}rftr}nmgbfl c jc |}m m mgb}mg~rl mg tmglefmg~c nmj bcg~f~}vmg~m* mrì nmrmbhc v tcr ~lg~c icrelrl tlr~m nmj f~mel k}rånfbc' ]gl blrlb~mrå~fbl fetcr~lg~m nm <

Yælm; ppp'ojc`nmrmbhcbcg~f~}bfcglj'bce ppp'ojc`nmrmbhcbcg~f~}bfcglj'bce** Ofc`rliål; _cgljn Npcrafg`* Nfbfmeorm 24 nm ?446'

nfbhl gcrel m* |}m m }gl gcrel gc jm`fjlnl* tcr ~lg~c m brmlnl tcr jl cbfmnln* mr`c gc icrel tlr~m nmj nmrmbhc' H'J'L Hlr~ lj fnmg~fifblrm bcg mj tcf~fyfec* c~fmgm |}m tlrl fnmg~fifblr jc |}m mj nmrmbhc trmbrfom m gmb mlrfc fetjmemg~m ymr ‚hmbhc―* v gc mxf~frì gcrel k}rånfbl f nfbhc hmbhc gc m trcn}bmg' Rf }g blc gc m~ì rm`}jlnc tcr }gl gcrel k}rånfbl* jc k}mbm ~fmgmg jl ûj~fel tljlorl' Jc |}m lg~mrfcremg~m rmbljblec gc m eì |}m jl nfbrmbfòg* |}m m jl ilb}j~ln |}m ~fmgmg jc k}mbm tlrl nmbfnfr mg mj blc bcgbrm~c* v |}m l jc ckc nm H'J'L Hlr~* nfbhc k}mbm mg nfbhl lbbfcgm m~lrìg brmlgnc nmrmbhc' Bcg mj lg~mrfcr ecnmjc H'J'L' Hlr~* fg~mg~l hlbmr }gl ic~c`rliål |}m nmbrfol jl rmljfnln   k}rånfbl* v mg bcgmb}mgbfl jl ûj~fel tljlorl jl ~mgnrì ddjl rmljfnlndd' V m l|}å mg ncgnm Npcrafg tlr~m bcg } brå~fbl' Mj l~l|}m nm Npcrafg fg~mg~l ec~rlr |}m mj ecnmjc trct}m~c gc mgbfmrrl mj ddimgòemgc k}rånfbcdd1 m nmbfr |}m f mj ecnmjc nm H'J'L Hlr~ i}mm ymrnln* mj e}gnc k}rånfbc m~lrål tcojlnc nm f~}lbfcgm c blc bcgbrm~c mg jc b}ljm jc k}mbm gc mgbcg~rlmg gcrel tlrl rmcjymrjc v m ymrålg mg irmg~m nm jl`}gl  k}rånfbl* j}m`c ~mgnrålg |}m brmlr nmrmbhc tlrl rmcjymrjl' L jc |}m rmtcgnmrì Npcrafg* |}m mg gfg`}gl mg~mgbfl }g k}m{ nfrì |}m m~ì brmlgnc nmrmbhc' V mj trcojmel tlrl H'J'L' Hlr~ mrì |}m jl rmljfnln gc m lk}~l l } ~mcrål* j}m`c gc mxf~mg ~lg~c blc nm nfiåbfj cj}bfòg v mrål fetcfojm bcgcbmr ~cnl jl jm`fjlbfòg' V l nfbhc ~òtfbc fnmg~fifblrålec nc lj~mrgl~fyl1 }gl jl |}m bcgfnmrl |}m jc k}mbm gc brmlg nmrmbhc v }gl mb}gnlrfl |}m trctcgnrì |}m ~lj ym{ jc k}mbm f brmlg nmrmbhc* tmrc |}m gc m nlg b}mg~l nm mjjc' Hlr~ nfrål mg~cgbm |}m mg jc blc nfiåbfjm jc k}mbm brmlg gcrel v l m~c rmtcgnmrì Npcrafg tcnrål bcgbmoårmjm bcec lg~fnmecbrì~fbc* lnmeì ln meì nm |}m nfbhc tc~}jlnc tcgnrål mg tmjf`rc mj f~mel' M eì jl ~mcrål |}m tjlg~ml g}m~rc l}~cr bmg~rlj* mxtjfbl tcr|}m jc k}mbm mg jc blc nfiåbfjm gc brmlg gcrel* jc |}m m~ìg hlbfmgnc m fgefb}frm mg }gl mtmbfm nm fgym~f`lbfòg |}m nlrì bcec rm}j~lnc mgbcg~rlr }gc trfgbftfc* |}m vl m~lolg lhå* j}m`c g}gbl tcnrìg mr brmlnc' Jc |}m tcnrål bleoflr m mj ~ftc nm fgym~f`lbfòg bcg jl |}m m nmb}ormg m~c mg~m |}m vl mxf~ålg' V mxf~mg tcr|}m nfbhc trfgbftfc }gmg jl ddbce}gfnln tcjå~fbldd* v f m~c gc mxf~fmrmg gc hlorål ecnc nm mxtjfblr jl bce}gfnln tcjå~fbl' J}m`c mj nmrmbhc nmomrì m~lr bcgicrelnc ~lg~c tcr ddrm`jldd* bcec tcr ddtrfgbftfcdd' ³V bòec rmbcgcbmr nfbhc trfgbftfc3* l jc |}m Npcrafg nfrì; rm|}fmrm nm nc blrlb~mrå~fbl* l& |}m mj trfgbftfc ml bcrrmb~c v o& |}m mgblkm bcg jl hf~crfl fg~f~}bfcglj' Rf gc* gc mrì }g trfgbftfc tmr~mgmbfmg~m l jl bce}gfnln tcjå~fbl' Npcrafg brf~fbl jl rm`jl nm rmbcgcbfefmg~c nm H'J'L' Hlr~* vl |}m m~l fnmg~fifbl tcr emnfc nmj crf`mg l ~cnl gcrel* v gc mryfrì bcec rm`jl nm }~mg~c nmj i}gnlemg~c k}rånfbc* tcr|}m mglkmgl c nmbcgcbm jc trfgbftfc* |}m cg }gl mtmbfm nm gcrel |}m cjc tmref~mg mr fnmg~fifblnl tcr } bcg~mgfnc' Lhcrl ofmg nmomec ~mgmr bjlrc jl nfimrmgbfl eì }~lgbfljm mg~rm rm`jl v trfgbftfc* l lomr* efmg~rl |}m jl rm`jl ~fmgmg }g lg~mbmnmg~m bmrrlnc1 jc trfgbftfc cg lofmr~c* jc trfgbftfc m fnmg~fifblg tcr } bcg~mgfnc1 jl rm`jl tcr } crf`mg* v efmg~rl |}m jl rm`jl gc ~fmgmg tmc* tcr mc m mxbj}vmg1 jc trfgbftfc ~fmgmg nf~fg~c tmc' M nmbfr f nc rm`jl mg~rlg mg t}`gl nmofnc l |}m rm`}jlg }gl efel f~}lbfòg* }gl nm nfbhl rm`jl nmomrì mr mg~mgnfnl bcec fgyìjfnl*

tcr ~lg~c gc tmr~mgmbfmg~m lj f~mel k}rånfbc' Efmg~rl |}m bcg jc trfgbftfc* v bf~lgnc l|}å jl efel f~}lbfòg* tlrl nfbhc blc bcgbrm~c blnl trfgbftfc ln|}fmrm }g tmc nf~fg~c* nmofnc l jl fetcr~lgbfl |}m mj mkmr{l corm mj blc* j}m`c* }gc tcnrì ~mgmr }trmelbål corm c~rc* tmrc gc f`gfifbl |}m m mxbj}vlg* v bcgmb}mg~memg~m mj trfgbftfc emgc fetcr~lg~m f`}m icrelgnc nmj f~mel' Bcec bf~lec lg~mrfcremg~m* tlrl H'J'L Hlr~ jl nfbrmbfcgljfnln mxf~m v tcr ~lg~c jc  k}mbm ~fmgmg nfbhl ilb}j~ln' Mg b}lg~c lj efec ~òtfbc* Npcrafg trctcgm |}m tlrl nmbfnfr f jc k}mbm ~fmgmg c gc nfbrmbfcgljfnln* mrì gmbmlrfc comrylr ~rm mg~fnc nm nfbhc ~mrefgc; l& Trfemr mg~fnc næofj; m hlbm rmimrmgbfl l f~}lbfcgm mg |}m jc hmbhc m~l gcrel~fyf{lnc* v l}g lå jl ûj~fel tljlorl jl ~mgnrì mj k}m{ bcetm~mg~m rmtmb~c lj blc bcgbrm~c' o& Rm`}gnc mg~fnc næofj; m trcn}bm b}lgnc jc k}mbm bcg mj ifg nm ltjfblr }gl gcel* ~fmgmg |}m hlbmrjc }~fjf{lgnc } trctfc brf~mrfc' Tcr mkmetjc; b}lgnc }g `mgmrlj crnmgl l }g lr`mg~c; ‗‗Mjfkl = cjnlnc |}m mlg jc eì i}mr~m v lt~c––* tlrl ltjfblr nfbhl rm`jl mj lr`mg~c ~fmgm |}m }~fjf{lr } trctfc brf~mrfc v nmbfnfr |}fægm cg jc eì i}mr~m c lt~c' b& ^mrbmr mg~fnc i}mr~m; m fnmg~fifblojm b}lgnc l }g nm~mrefglnc k}m{ m jm tfnm rmljf{lr }gl lbbfòg c nm~mrefglr mg }g blc mtmbåifbc* v mg lnfbfòg gc m jm nl gfg`ûg brf~mrfc nm rm~rfbbfòg* j}m`c mj brf~mrfc |}m m }~fjfbm mrì brmlnc tcr mj k}m{' FF% Brf~fbl v lgìjff' Rf ofmg mrfl bcetjm~lemg~m m|}fycbc emgc trmbflr jl corl nm m~m `rlg ifjòcic* gc tcr mjjc nmområlec ~fjnlrjl nm tmrimb~l' Mg f hmec mgbcg~rlnc lj`}gl nfbrmtlgbfl |}m l g}m~rl bcgbfmgbfl cg fetcr~lg~m v nmområlg mr nmifgfnl tcr m~m l}~cr' 









Lj trctcgmr }g k}m{ |}m m fgefb}vl v o}|}m jc trfgbftfc* mj}nfrål bcec ~lj l }g ~ftc nm fgnfyfn}c  ‒ mj mj ¾¾Hærb}jm¾¾ bcec m bf~l mg ylrfc ~mx~c% |}m m cegfbfmg~m v bltl nm bcgcbmr tcr bcetjm~c mj bcg~mgfnc nmj f~mel k}rånfbc' V |}m bce ~lj mgbcg~rlrl fmetrm jl rmt}m~l bcrrmb~l' Rfmgnc m~l }gl blrlb~mrå~fbl |}m gc fj}~rl jc |}m ~rf~memg~m m jl rmljfnln' Gc m t}mnm nmn}bfr nm m~l ~mcrål* mm trcbmnfefmg~c c jc tlc nmj efec tcr emnfc nm jc b}ljm m t}mnl mgbcg~rlr jc trfgbftfc* |}m bcec mj müljl vl mxf~mg' V f nfbhc trfgbftfc c~mg~lg jl vl emgbfcglnl fetcr~lgbfl* nmområl nmifgfrm bcg mxlb~f~}n b}ìjm cg* ~lrml glnl iìbfj' Efmg~rl H'J'L' Hlr~* tjlg~ml }g ecnmjc |}m m t}mnm ltjfblr l b}ljm|}fmr f~mel   k}rånfbc nm jl hf~crfl* Npcrafg m bmg~rl nm elgmrl comfyl mg mj nmrmbhc lg`jclkcg' Npcrafg ~fmgm } tlr~m tcf~fyf~l (jc trfgbftfc nmomr mr lbmt~lnc* |}m m }gl emrl b}m~fòg nm yljfnm{& v } tlr~m f}gl~}rljf~l (Nmomec o}blr trfgbftfc ecrljm&'

Ofojfc`rliål; % NPC_AFG* _cgljn' Jc nmrmbhc mg mrfc' Bltå~}jc ? ‚Mj ecnmjc nm jl gcrel (F&― v 2 ‚Mj ecnmjc nm jl gcrel (FF&― * Mnf~crflj; Lrflj R'L'* Olrbmjcgl* tt' 9< l <>= ' %Npcrafg # _cgljn* H' J' L' Hlr~' Jl nmbffòg k}nfbflj1 M~}nfc trmjfefglr nm _cnrå`}m{* Bmlr; Rf`jc nmj hceorm mnf~crm; ilb}j~ln nm nmrmbhc nm jc lgnm nm <660' <6< tl`fgl' %_ckl Lelgnf* Yfb~cr* ¾¾Mj bcgbmt~c nm nmrmbhc nm _cgljn Npcrafg¾¾* Ofojfc~mbl yfr~}lj nmj fg~f~}~c nm fgym~f`lbfcgm k}rånfbl nm jl ]gfymrfnln l}~ògcel nm Emxfbc' Bfomr`rlifl; % %

ppp'ojc`nmrmbhcbcg~f~}bfcglj'bce h~~t;##ppp'}mr`fclrocjmnl'mn}'bc#nmrmbhc#nmrmbhcSbcg~f~}bfcglj#lr~fb}jcSctfgf cgSlgljffSmjnmol~mnmhlr~npcrafg'h~e