Loading Sample Data Into the Borehole Database

Loading Sample Data Into the Borehole Database Tutorial For Minex v5.2 April 2008

Table of of Contents Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... 3 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 4 Data Data Typ e and Variable Set Up ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 5 Loading Litho logical Data Data .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 10 Loadin g Coal Quality Data ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. 13 Validating Coal Quality Data .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. 18 Loading LAS File – Downhole Geophysics Sample Data... ............................................. 21 Creating Creating a Bor ehole Profile Plot ........................................................................................ ........................................................................................ 25 Preparing Preparing a Bor ehole Sectio Sectio n Plot .................................................................................... .................................................................................... 31 Summary.............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 36

Table of of Contents Contents

Introduction ........................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................... 3 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 4 Data Data Typ e and Variable Set Up ............................................................................................ ............................................................................................ 5 Loading Litho logical Data Data .................................................................................................. .................................................................................................. 10 Loadin g Coal Quality Data ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................. 13 Validating Coal Quality Data .............................................................................................. .............................................................................................. 18 Loading LAS File – Downhole Geophysics Sample Data... ............................................. 21 Creating Creating a Bor ehole Profile Plot ........................................................................................ ........................................................................................ 25 Preparing Preparing a Bor ehole Sectio Sectio n Plot .................................................................................... .................................................................................... 31 Summary.............................................................................................................................. .............................................................................................................................. 36

Introduction

Introduction The The boreh orehol ole e datab atabas ase e is com composed osed of 5 file files s hol hold ding ing: ♦

Collar Data Data

♦

Seam Data

♦

Sample Data

♦

Header Data

♦

Seam Sequence. Sequence.

Data is loaded into Minex from ♦

ASCII ASC II files files

♦

AcQuire

♦

ODBC.

The The load load proces ocess s in involv olved mapp apping ing colu colum mns of inf inform ormatio ation n held eld in inp input files iles to the relev elevan antt varia ariab bles les in the BoreholeDB and generating a format file (.sff) for use in subsequent load processes. The The follo ollow wing ing files iles are are requ equired ired for this tutor utoria ial: l: ♦

ASHES.B3n ASHES.B 3n borehole database files – the borehole database created in the Tutorial

“Creating a New Borehole Database”. ♦

comma delimited file containing geological logging logging data ASHES_LITH.c sv – comma

♦

ASHES_QUAL .cs v – comma delimited file containing coal quality sampling data

♦

BNBY83.LAS – LAS file containing downhole geophysical data

♦

ASHES_GEOPH.zip – zipped space delimited file containing geophysical log data

♦

THEDON.GM3 – Primary Geometry file

♦

ASHES.mp f – parameters file

♦

LITHOLOG.SYM – borehole geological symbols file

♦

LITHOLOG.DIC – borehole geological dictionary file

♦

SYMBOLS.PAR – colour and line patterns symbol file

To set set the follo ollow wing ing loca locall orig origin in for this datas ataset et,, 1.

Choose Tools > Options > Local Origin .

2.

Click Ok .

Loading_ Loading _ Samp Sample_Data_Into_T le_Data_Into_The he Borehol Borehole_Databa e_Database.doc se.doc 1.0

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Objectives

Objectives From this tutorial you will learn to: ♦

Create data types and variables for each type of sample data

♦

Load and validate −

Lithology sample data.

−

Quality sample data.

−

Geophysical log (.las) file for borehole BNBY83.

−

Geophysical logging sample data.

Loading_Sample_Data_Into_The Borehole_Database.doc 1.0

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Data Type and Variable Set Up

Data Type and Variable Set Up To open the borehole database from the Explorer window, 1. Choose Open in the context menu when you have highlighted the ASHES.B 31 file . Before you can load data into the borehole database you need to define what Data Types and Variables you will be loading. There are five hardwired Data Types automatically generated when you create a new BoreholeDB (see table below). DESCRIP

Borehole header data

SURVEY

Borehole downhole survey data

DOMAIN

Borehole interval numeric identifier

LITHO

Geological logging data (Lithology)

QUAL

Quality - sampling data such as ASH and MOISTURE

You can add new Data Types (and Variables) to this selection to customise the database for your dataset. ♦

♦

The maximum number of data types you can have in a borehole database is 16. The maximum number of variables you can have in a borehole data base is 128. Eight of these variables are hardwired and defined by the software.

The eight hardwired variables are: TOSURVEY

Depth downhole to which survey data extends

AZIMUTH

Survey point borehole direction

DIP

Survey point borehole dip angle

X

X coordinate, normally Easting; offset distance from collar in the case of non-vertical holes.

Y

Y coordinate, normally Northing; offset distance from collar in the case of non-vertical holes.

Z

Z coordinate; offset distance from collar.


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TODOMAIN

Depth downhole to which DOMAIN value extends.

DOMAIN

DOMAIN value or number of interval.

As LITHO is a predefined Data Type that is built in already to the database, you will not have to create a new one. You will have to set up a new variable however called ROCKTYPE. This is because ROCKTYPE is not one of the built in variables defined above. To set up the Minex Data Type LITHO and the variable ROCKTYPE ready for loading lithological data: Make sure that your borehole database is open, and the Properties Window, Read Only is not write protected. To do this, 1.

Highlight the name of the database, go to the Properties box and set Read Only to False. This will allow you to add Datatypes and Variables.

To load lithology data, 2.

Choose Borehol eDB > Edit > New Bo rehole Variable .

3.

In the Create Bor ehole Variable dialogue window, type in a new variable ROCKTYPE.

4.

Choose LITHO in the Data Type drop down field.

5.

Type ROCK in field Title 1 and enter TYPE in field Title 2.

6.

In the Variable Type field use the drop down menu and select AL PHA.


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These will form a title when reporting variable. When loading variables you will need to define if the data is numerical or alphabetical. Lithology data is Alpha type data as you will be able to tell by referring to the ROCKTYPE column in your LITHO.DAT file. The next step involves defining the Dictionary index for the new variable and involves referring to the LITHOLOG.DIC file. The LITHOLOG.DIC file is an index or dictionary file which Minex will look up to find definitions for the codes defined in your ASHES_LITH.c sv file. Open the dictionary file with your text editor from the tutorial data set. In the LITHOLOG.DIC file scroll down until you find the ROCKTYPE index. 1.

Type in the number of this index into the Dictionary Index field.

2.

Click Ok.

Now, when you try to report or display data for this variable the software will refer to the dictionary file and use the ‘translations’ held in index 1. To report the list of Variables now held in the BoreholeDB 1.

Choose Borehol eDB > Reporti ng > Report Variables .

2.

Choose Number > Sort Report By in the dialogue window.

3.

Click Ok.

This will output a variable report to the Output window. ROCKTYPE should have been appended to the list of built in Minex Data Types.

To view the new variable, 1.

Choose the Minex Explorer Project Tab >+ icon next to the database name, then

2.

Navigate into the Data Types node to find the LITHO data type and then its variables.

You have now created a new borehole variable called ROCKTYPE of the LITHO Data Type. The first (1st) variable in the LITHO data type should be the variable describing the primary rocktype and must refer to dictionary index number 1.


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The second (2nd) variable in the data type should be the variable INTERREL describing interbedding and must refer to dictionary index number 2. The variable INTERPER defining interbedding percentages should refer to dictionary index 99.

Continue with the same process you used for define the DATA TYPE ROCKTYPE to define the variables INTERREL and INTERP ER for the LITHO Data Type. You can also add RECOVERY as a numeric variable.


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To save your borehole database 1. Right-click on the name of the database in minex5 explorer 2. Choose File > Save > Borehole Database .


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Loading Lithological Data

Loading Lithological Data Now that the lithology data type and variable framework has been customised, lithological data can now be loaded into the Database. To load Rocktype data into the borehole database and report it: 1.

Choose Borehol eDB > Load > Load Sample Data , alternately you can Right-click on the input filename Load > L oad Sample Data.

In the Load Sample Data window, 2.

Choose the LITHO Data Type via the drop down menu.

3.

In the Sample File field navigate to the ASHES_LITH.c sv file you have created.

4.

Click the Create/Edit button to open the Create/Edit format File dialogue and begin the process of creating the format file.

5.

Choose the Variable Setup tab as shown below to map the input file variables to Minex variables as you did when loading the Collar information earlier in this tutorial.


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The software will offer the default name (from the input data file prefix) for the format file ASHES_LITH . 6.

Click Ok .

Minex will automatically assign a .sff extension to the file name eg. ASHES_LTIH.s ff and return you to the Load Sample Data Dialogue.


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7.

Click Ok .

If there are any errors in the validation report you may need to fix these before loading the file. Open the input file. 8.

Click the Load button if there are no errors and accept the remaining settings.

9.

Click Ok .

A report should appear in the output window stating that all the boreholes have been updated. Scroll down through the report to make sure no errors occurred. An example of a possible error report follows. In this case, you would need to -load collar data for Boreholes listed,( it is possible that the collar or the lithology file spelled the names of the Boreholes differently, or that the boreholes were not part of the Collar Input file). Note: where no collar data is found for a borehole, the sample data cannot be loaded and is rejected during the load process. -check the final depth information in the collar file and the lithology file to determine which was correct for BNBY74. Note: where the final depth of the sample data is deeper than the final depth of the Borehole as defined in the collar data, the sample data is loaded rather than rejected.

You have now loaded the rock type information for the boreholes into the ROCKTYP E variable. 10.

Click Save.

Any other sample data held in ASCII, AcQuire or ODBC can be loaded using the process above.


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Loading Coal Quality Data

Loading Coal Quality Data The coal quality sampling data file ASHES_QUAL .cs v has already been formatted so that it will load into the borehole database. However, before you can load this file you need to define the variables that it contains. These variables, which will be loaded into the QUAL data type, are: MOIST – moist ure % ASH - % SE – specific energy in Kcal/Kg SU – total sulphur %

1.

Choose Borehol eDB > Edit > New Bo rehole Variable .


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Enter the variables as displayed above.

2.

Choose File > Save > Save Borehole Database .

3.

Choose Borehol eDB > Load > Load Sample Data .

Review the data file ASHES_QUAL .cs v to see what variable names, data range and number of decimals are to be used. Then define all four variables in the database. Note that the Grid Suffix can be defined in the variable for later use when gridding. Use the following grid suffixes:


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Variable name

Grid Suffix

Min

Max

Decimals

ASH

AS

0

100

2

RD

RD

1

5

2

MOIST

TM

0

100

2

SE

SE

10

35

2

4.

Click Ok to save the borehole database.


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5.

Choose the context menu option Load Sample Data to load the data into the database:


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Make sure you look at the Sample Load Report displayed in the Output window and compare the data there with the data in the input file to ensure that the data has been loaded correctly. 6.

Click Ok to save the borehole database.


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Validating Coal Quality Data

Validating Coal Quality Data To view which Boreholes now hold Quality Data and summarise how many samples have been loaded, 1.

Choose Borehol eDB > Reporti ng > Report Sample Data .


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2.

Select the ASH, RD, TOQUAL variables as shown above.

3.

Uncheck the Detailed Report option.

4.

Tick the Number of Samples option.

5.

Click Ok to obtain a Borehol e Sample Data Summary Report in the Output window.

To view a detailed report showing the data itself, 6.

Tick the Detailed Report option on the Report Sample Data dialogue.


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7.

Click Ok to generate the report to the output window.


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Loading LAS File – Downhole Geophysics S ample Data

Loading LAS File – Downhole Geophys ics Sample Data This process loads LAS Downhole Geophysics or Borehole Verticality Data into the Borehole Database from a .las formatted file. As you learned in loading coal quality and geological logging sample data, you first need to define the variables for a data type. The geophysical logging variables will need to be defined for a new data type called for example GEOPHY. The variables to be loaded from the BNBY83DEN.LAS file are shown in the header of the file: Variable

Description

Min

Max

Units

Decimals

GAMMA

Gamma

0

200

api-gr

1

CAL

Caliper

7

13

cm

1

DENLS

Long spaced density

1

5

gm/cc

2

DENSS

Short spaced density

1

5

gm/cc

2

DENCDL

Density CDL

1

5

gm/cc

2

RES

Resistivity

10

2770

ohm-m

1


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To load, 1.

Choose Borehol eDB > Load > Load Las Data .

Use the LAS FILE SELECTION to define the name and location of the LAS file you intend to load data from. In this case, select the LAS file BNBY83DEN.LAS. Select the name of the Data Type you intend to load the LAS data into, •

GEOP as in this case where you are loading downhole geophysics data

•

SURVEY. Where verticality data is loaded from a LAS file to modify the basic AZIMUTH and DIP data loaded as part of the Collar data.

Click the Scan LAS file button to scan the nominated LAS file. This will populate the table with variables in the LAS file, and if the BoreholeDB contains variables in the nominated Data Type those names will be populated in the corresponding fields in the table. If the name of the Borehole in the input file matches exactly the name of the "Well" in the input LAS file, the Borehole name field will be filled in during the LAS file scan process. Otherwise you will need to define the name of the Borehole you want to load the data for - or load Collar data for the Borehole, rescan the input LAS file and select the Borehole name if necessary.


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The Load LAS File dialogue should now look like the following image.

Ensure that the fields in the Import Variables column have ticks next to the rows you want to load. 2.

Click Ok.

The output window will display a message saying the how many samples from the LA S file have been read into the database.


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Another way of loading downhole geophysical data is via an AS CII file or Access DB source. You can load the space delimited file GEOPH_15J UN07.DAT contained in ASHES_ GEOPHY.zip. You might have to alter the data range limits set up in the GE OP HY variables to match the values in the larger dataset. You might also add new variables contained in this file such as SONIC.


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Creating a Borehole P rofile P lot

Creating a Borehole Profile Plot The next step in this tutorial is to create a Profile Plot of the ROCKTYP E data and Downhole Geophysics data you have just loaded. Profile plots do not require section mounts to be created. The only requirement is a sheet size, scale and which holes you want to plot. The Boreholes are plotted on the sheet next to each other rather than in the ‘real world’ position they’d be plotted to if you were plotting boreholes on a cross section. 1.

Choose Borehol eDB > Plot > Single Hole Profil e.

On the Function tab , nominate the boreholes you want to plot. 2.

Click the Select button.


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This will open the Select Boreholes dialogue, Select holes by name and type (or by Header or Advanced Selection), See in the note below for a list of holes for the purposes of this tutorial, and 3.

Click Ok to return to the Profile Plot Dialogue.

Note: the Boreholes you selected are now populated in the Borehole list. BNBY50C, BNBY56 and

BNBY73 Horizontal Column Spacing .

This defaults to 4 and is a reasonable number to use when plotting a basic Metric Profile Plot as it will plot the Trace of the Boreholes 4cm apart. By experimenting a better spacing for these 3 holes on an A1 sheet is 14cm. 4.

Choose the Trace Tab , set the options as shown below.


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5.

Choose the Annotatio n and Li thol ogy tab, define some Quality Data to be annotated on the Profile Plot.

6.

Check the Sample Variable Annotation option.

7.

Click the Select Variables button to select a variable(s) from the list of Variables in the Borehole database


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On the Histogram Tab , setup to plot the trace of a Downhole Geophysics Variable beside those boreholes that have this data loaded.

8.

Check the Downhole Histogram option.

9.

Click the Select Variables button and select a variable(s) name.

Note: The number in the Scale column controls the amplitude of the trace. •

If you have defined a data range when you created the Variable in the Database, the software will use that range to calculate a Scale to plot a Histogram trace that is 1cm wide.

•

If you have not defined a data range for the Variable, the software will make the Scale =100 and you may need to increase or decrease the Scale to get the Histogram trace you want.


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On the Sheet Params tab, select

10.

•

Sheet size as shown.

•

Sheet orientation as shown.

Click the Calculate Scale button.

The software will calculate the scale that will best fit the data on the sheet you have defined. If you want to make it a ‘round’ number, type in a number bigger than the one that the software has calculated. In this case the software has calculated a scale of 1:550, you could type in 750 to make it a more ‘sensible’ scale. 11.

Click Ok .

A 2D graphics window will open and display the selected 5 boreholes with: •

Symbols identifying different ROCKTYPES.

•

Annotation of Quality Sample Data.

•

The Histogram trace of data from Downhole Geophysics variable.


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Preparing a Borehole Section Plot

Preparing a Borehole Section Plot To display boreholes with lithology codes on a Cross Section Mount, you must first have an existing section mount or create a new section mount. This Tutorial assumes that you have completed the Core Minex Tutorial and already know how to create a new Section Mount. To create a new section display the boreholes in the 3D window and then zoom in and tilt the view so you have borehole stems to digitize a section along. Go to the Create Section menu 1.

Choose Mounts > Secti on > Create Section and make a section using boreholes as in the menu shown below.

2.

Click to save as secn1, then save the geometry file.

To make an existing section mount current and open it in a 2D Graphics Window ready to plot data: 3.

Choose Mount > Mount Control Panel.

Expand the Sections node and select a section mount


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4.

Right click on the Draft on Mount option.

To access the Borehole Plotting on Section dialogue 5.

Choose Mount > Section > Borehole Section.


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Note: This dialogue is slightly different to the Borehole Profile Plot dialogue. On the Function Tab, you use the Minimum and Maximum offset fields to define a distance. Boreholes that fall inside that distance on either side of the trace of the section mount will be plotted on the Section mount. A minimum offset distance of 10 means that Boreholes 10m or feet either side of the section mount will be plotted.

Setup the other tabs on this dialogue to define what you want to plot. Note: The Sheet Params dialogue is also different to the Profile Plot dialogue. Because you are working on a section mount, the sheet size and orientation, and the scale are those of the section mount you have in memory.

6.

Click Ok and the Boreholes will be plotted in the 2D Graphics window.

To access the Plot Coordinate Grid dialogue 7.

Choose Mount > Section > Coordinate Grid.


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8.

Click Ok and the Coordinate Grid will be plotted with the Boreholes in the 2D graphics window as shown below.


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Loading Sample Data Into the Borehole Database

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