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Rural Society & ts D velopment For L khpal Exam 2015 ( ajaswa & Chakbandi)

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INDEX

Sr. No.

Topic

Page No.

Rural Development

4

Componen s of Rural Development

5

Ministry of

6

ural Development

Schemes f r Rural Employment Agricultural Development Programmes

9 14

for Rural Ar eas Infrastructu e Development Programmes

17

Health Car Development

22

National Rural Health Mission

27

Finance As istance Programmes for

30

Rural Area Programmes for Land Resource

33

Development All Rural D velopment Programmes

35

Chart National In titute of Rural Development

40

ROLE OF HE PANCHAYATI RAJ

42

INSTITUTI NS IN RURAL DEVELOP ENT



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Rural Development Introduction 

Nearly Nearly 70 per cent cent of the country’s population lives in rural areas according to the the latest latest Census Census, and out Of the 121 crore Indians, 83.3 crore live in rura rurall are areas as whil while e 37 37.7 crore stay in urban areas.



The maximum num er of people living in rural areas in a p rticular state is 15.5 crore in Uttar radesh.



But But alm almos ostt one one thi thirr of the the coun countr try’ y’s s popu popula lati tion on of of mor more e th n 1.1 billion cont ontinues to to liv live bel below the the pove povert rty y line line,, and and a larg large e prop propor orti tion of poor people live in rural areas. overty remains a chronic condition for lmost 30 per cent of India’s rural popu popula lati tion on.. The The inci incide denc nce e of of rur rural al pove pove ty has declined somewhat over the ast three decades as a result of rural to urban migration.



On the map of pove ty in India India,, the the poore poorest st area areas s are are in par par s of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, U tar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Orissa, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal.

Rural Poverty in India

Below Poverty Line

Urban 31%

Rural 69%

Above Poverty Line

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Components of Rural Development

Rural Development is achiev d through the various components, given elow:-

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Minis ry of Rural Development Minister of Rural Development - Ch. Birender Singh Headquarters - Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi The Ministry of Rural Develo ment, a branch of the Government of India, is ntrusted with the task of accelerating the so io-economic development of rural India. Its fo us is on health, education, drinking water, housing and roads.

Organizat on Structure of Ministry of Rural Develop ent

Ministry of Rural Development

Department of Rural Development

Headed by a seni r civil servant designat d as the Secretary of the Deportment

Department of Land Resources

Headed y a senior civil servant designated as the Se retary of the De ortment



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Departments The ministry has two departme ts, Department of Rural Development and Department of Land Resources, each headed by a se ior civil servant designated as the Secretary of the Deportment. 

Mr Jugal Kishore Mahapatra - Secretary of the Ministry of Rural Develo pment (A senior IAS Officer from Odisha)



Mrs Anita Choudhry - S cretary land Resources


This department related with the following Schemes/Programme :For rural roads evelopment Rural employm nt and for rural housing It handles the a ministration The Minister of Rural Development is the Chairman of these three or ganisations and the Secretary of the Ministry is the Vice Chairman. The Minister is curre tly Mr Chaudhary Birender Singh, and t e Secretary is Mr S.Vijay Kumar.

Autonomous Or anization under Department of Rural Development


(CAPART) Council of Advancement of People’s Action and Rural Technology

(NIRD)

(NRRDA)

National Institute of Rural Development

National Rural Road Development Agency



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epartment of Land Resources

The Department of Land Res urces run three national-level programs

Programmes Under Department of Land Resources

(IWMP) Integrated Watershed Management Programme

(NLRMP)

(TDET)

National Land Record Modernisation Programme

T chnology Development, Extension & Training Programme



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Schemes for Rural Employment

Integr ted Rural Development Programme (IRDP) Launched-1976 The programme was launched by the Centre in March 1976 as a major instrume t of the government to alleviate poverty . 

 

Objective – Its main feature was to enable selected families to cross the poverty li e in a given timeframe by taking up self- employment in various activities like agriculture, horticulture, animal husbandry, wea ing and handicrafts and services and business activities. The target group consis ed of small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers and rural artisans having annual income below Rs 11,000 defined as poverty line in the Eighth Plan. Among the selected fa ilies, it is stipulated that at least 50 per cent o assisted families should be from SCs and STs. Furthermore, 40 per cent of the coverage hould be of women beneficiaries.

Antyodaya Yojana: Scheme of Rajasthan Launched-1977 This programme was initiated b the Government of Rajasthan on 2nd October, 1977 for special assistance to persons living below the poverty line (BPL). It was later on picked up by the then Janata government at the centre in 19 8. The Hindi word ‘antyodaya’ is a combination of two words—ant meaning end or bottom level and udaya meaning development. Following the footsteps of the Government of Rajasthan, UP and Himachal gove nments also launched it on the same lines in 1980. Objective – The idea was to select five of the poorest families from each village ev ry year and help  them in their economic betterment. The development or w lfare of a person standing at the end of the qu ue (lowest level),  that is, the poorest of t e poor. Under this scheme, assistance was given in the form of allotting land f r cultivation,  monthly pension (Rs 30-40 per month), bank loan for purchasing bullo ks, buffaloes, cows, goats and pigs, basket aking, carpentry tools, opening a tailor’s shop, a tea shop, a barber’s shop or a groc r’s shop and manufacturing activities like niwa r-making, soapmaking, etc.



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Launched-1977 This programme was introduced in 1977 by the then Janata government with th objective to provide employment to the une mployed/underemployed village persons during the slack season. Objective – Provide employment to the unemployed/underemployed village persons during the slack  season. The wages paid to the workers were in kind, i.e., food grains. The works undertaken ere flood protection, maintenance of existing roads, construction  of new link roads, impr vement of irrigation facilities, construction of chool buildings, medical and health cen res and Panchayat Ghars (community halls) et .

Launched-1979 As in other schemes of poverty lleviation, in this scheme also, youths belonging to SCs and STs and ex-servicemen, who had passed ninth class, were given priority. One-third seats were reserved for women. The beneficiaries of thi scheme after completion of training were abso bed in the IRDP scheme. According to an estimate, up to 1995-96, about two lakh youths were being trai ed every year, of whom about 45 per cent became self-employed and 30 per cent got regular em loyment.

Objective – This scheme was launched in 1 79 to provide technical skills (training) to rural youths (between 18-35 years) living below the p verty line, to enable them to seek employmen in fields of agriculture, industry, services a d business activities.

Launched- 1980 It was started in 1980 as a part of the Sixth Plan (1980-85) Later on, this programme was erged with Jawahar Rozgar Yojana (JRY).

   

Objective – To provide profitable e ployment opportunities to the rural poor. This is redesigned prog amme of FWP, planned for creating additional employment opportunities in the rural areas with the help of surplus food grains. This programme was especially for those rural people who largely dep nded on wage employment but had n source of income during lean agricultural peri d. PRIs were actively involved in this programme.



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Launched-1982 Development of women and chil ren in Rural Areas (DWCRA) was launched as IRDP during the year 1982 in 50 districts. It subsequently extended to cover all the districts in the country by 1994-95.

sub scheme of

Objective – To provide suitable opportunities of self-employment to the women belongin to the rural families who are living below t e poverty line. Development of women & chil ren in rural areas. DWCRA with exclusive focu on economic empowerment of women provides all these inputs by considering women as c itical to development. The programme seeks to impro e the access of rural women to health, education, safe drinking water, sanitation, nutrition etc; thereby bringing about an enhancement in the quality of general well being of women & childre . DWCRA was introduced for en uring that the benefits of IRDP reach to wome directly. Enhancement in the quality of eneral well being of women & children.

Launched- 1983 Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programme was Launched by Centre Go ernment in 1983 to provide the Employment. This scheme was later on merge d into JRY along with NREP. Objective – For providing employm nt to landless farmers and laborers  Special schemes were f rmulated by some states such as Maharashtra and Gujarat to  provide increasing employment opportunities to rural people, especially landless people. Maharashtra started the Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) for the unemployed in  rural areas. The Gujarat government’s scheme provided for unskilled jobs to the u employed workers  on different projects.

Launched-1989 This programme came into existence in April 1989 with the merger of the NREP nd the RLEGP. Objective – For providing employm nt to rural unemployed.  Under this scheme, it was expected to provide at least one member of each poor family  (BPL family) an employ ent for 50 to 100 days in a year at a work nea his/her residence. About 30 per cent of th jobs under this programme were reserved for women.  The scheme was imple ented through Village Panchayats. 



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Launched-1999 Swarnajayanti Gram Swarojga Yojana (SGSY) is an initiative launched by th Government of India to provide sustainable income to poor people living in rural areas of the country. The scheme was launched on April 1,1999 Objective – to eliminate rural poverty and nemployment and promoting self-employmen The SGSY aims at providing self employment to villagers through the establish ent of self-help groups. Activity clusters are established based on the aptitude and skill of the people hich are nurtured to their maximum potential. Funds are provided by NGOs, b nks and financial institutions.

Launched-2001 The Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana was a scheme launched by the Govern ent of India to attain the objective of providing gainful employment for the rural poor. From 1 April 1999, EAS became an allocation-based scheme. The programme was implemented through the Panchayati Raj institutions.    

Objective – To provide employmen to the unemployed/underemployed village persons during the slack season. The scheme has special provisions for women, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and parents of children wit drawn from hazardous occupations. While preference if giv n to families below the poverty line, people w o live above the poverty line too are eli ible under this scheme. Food grains are, howev r, provided free of cost by the Central govern ent, but the cost of transportation should be borne by the states.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 200 Launched- 2006 National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005 was later renamed as the " ahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act" (or, MGNREGA) Objective- It aims to ensure livelihood security in rural areas by providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult memb rs volunteer to do unskilled manual work. It is one of the important sche e being implemented by government to achie e inclusive growth.

MGNREGA is to be impleme ted mainly by gram panchayats ). The invol ement of contractors is banned. Labou



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In this scheme, employment to women is also provided.

National Livelihood Mission Launched- 2009-10 Objective- To reduce pov rty among rural BPL by promoting diversified and gainful selfemployment and wage employment opportunities which would lead to an ap reciable increase in income on sustainable basis

Antyodaya Yojana: Scheme of Rajasthan Launched-1977 This programme was initiated b the Government of Rajasthan on 2nd October, 1977 for special assistance to persons living below the poverty line (BPL). It was later on picked up by the then Janata government at the centre in 19 8. The Hindi word ‘antyodaya’ is a combination of two words—ant meaning end or bottom level and udaya meaning development. Following the footsteps of the Government of Rajasthan, UP and Himachal gove nments also launched it on the same lines in 1980. Objective – The idea was to select five of the poorest families from each village ev ry year and help  them in their economic betterment. The development or w lfare of a person standing at the end of the qu ue (lowest level),  that is, the poorest of t e poor. Under this scheme, assistance was given in the form of allotting land f r cultivation,  monthly pension (Rs 30-40 per month), bank loan for purchasing bullo ks, buffaloes, cows, goats and pigs, basket aking, carpentry tools, opening a tailor’s shop, a tea shop, a barber’s shop or a groc r’s shop and manufacturing activities like niwa r-making, soapmaking, etc.



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Agricultural Dev lopment Programmes for R ral Areas Integrate Plant Nutrient Management: Soil Health C ard Launched-2015



   

Under the scheme the overnment plans to issue Soil card to farmers hich will carry crop-wise recommendations of nutrients and fertilisers required for the individual farms to help farmers to improve productivity through judicious use of input . All soil samples are be tested in various soil testing labs across the cou try. Thereafter the experts ill analyse the strength and weaknesses ( micr -nutrients deficiency) of the soil a d suggest measures to deal with it. The result and suggesti n will be displayed in the cards. The Government plans o issue the cards to 14 crore

P ramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojna(PKVY) Launched-2015



Organic farming will be promoted by using traditional resources and the organic products will be linked with the arket

Prad an Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY) Launched-2015

 

To increase agricultural production and productivity by increasing availability of water and its efficient use. To provide flexibility and autonomy to the States in the process of planning and executing programmes for ensuri g water to every farm.

Intens ve Agricultural District Programme (IADP) Launched-1960 This programme was popularly known as a "package programme". This name was given because of the collective and simultaneous application o all practices of improved seeds, irrigation, fertilizer, plant protection, implements, credit, etc.



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(i) to achieve rapid increase in the level of agriculture production through a co centration of financial, technical, extension and administrative resources; (ii) to achieve a self-generating breakthrough in productivity and to raise the p roduction potential by stimulating the human and hysical process of change; and (iii) to demonstrate the most effective ways of increasing production and thus, to provide lessons for extending such intensified agricultural production programmes to other ar as.

Intensive Agricultural Area Programme (IAAP-196 ) Launched-1964 Implementation of IAAP was accepted by Agricultural Production Board and came into operation in March 1964.

 

This programme also followed the package approaches of use of improved methods. The uses of interrelated factors of physical, social and institutional were also followed in a strategic combination ainly to produce an impact on agricultural pro uction.

High ielding Variety Programme (HYVP-1966) Launched-1966 HYVP is launched in 1966, which helped the country in attaining self-sufficiency in food.

  

Self-sufficiency in food. The technological development did not remain confined to the introduction of high yielding crop varieties alone. These were combined ith the application of high analysis and balanc d fertilizer, irrigation, plant protection, improved implements etc, which made a ' reen revolution' possible in the country.

Instit tional Village Linkage Programme (IVLP) Launched-1995-96 IVLP is an innovative program d veloped by the ICAR to help scientists to have d irect interaction with the farming community so that appropriate technologies are developed for farmers.

1. To introduce technological intervention with emphasis on stability and sust inability along with productivity of small productio systems.



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2. To introduce and integrate t e appropriate technologies to sustain technological interventions and their integration to maintain productivity and profitability taking environ ental issues into consideration in a comparatively well defined production system



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Infrastru ture Development Program es Co munity Development Programme (CDP) Launched-1952 The first major development p ogramme launched in India was Community De velopment Programme in 1952.

This programme was formulate to provide an administrative framework through which the government might reach to the district, tehsil / taluka and village level. –   

Over-all development of rural areas with people's participation. All the districts of the c untry were divided into “Development Blocks” and a “Block Development Officer (BDO)” was made in charge of each block Top authority was “Co munity Development Organization” and a Co munity Development Research Center was created with best academic brains f the country at that time.

Rural Electrification Corporation Launched-1969 Rural Electrification Corporatio Limited (REC) is a leading public Infrastructure Finance Company in India’s power sector. The company finances and pr motes rural electrification projects across Indi . –

Electrification in rural areas

Acceler ted Rural Water Supply Programme(ARWS ) Launched-1972-73 The Accelerated Rural Water Sup ly Programme (ARWSP) was introduced in 1972 –    

For providing drinking ater in villages The entire programme as given a Mission approach with the launch f the Technology Mission on Drinking Water and Related Water Management in 1986. Later in 1999 Department of Drinking Water Supply was formed to giv more emphasis on Rural Water Supply pro ramme. 40 litres per capita per ay (lpcd) for humans to meet the following re uirements



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Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana Launched-2000 PMGY was launched in 2000 in all States and Union Territories (UTs) in order to achieve he objective of sustainable human development at the village level. Both financial and physical monitoring of the programme is being carried out by the Planning Commission.

Objectives – To fulfil basic requirements in ural areas. ocusing on village level develop ent in five critical areas, i.e., Primary Health, Primary Education, Housing, Rural Roads and Drinking Water and Nutrition with the overall objectiv of improving the quality of life of people in rural areas. Rural electrification was added s an additional component .

Pra han Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) Launched-2000 This Centrally Sponsored Scheme was introduced in 2000 by the then Prime Minister Of India Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee and Sh i Prabhjot Singh. It is under the authority of the inistry of Rural Development and was begun on 25 December 2000. It is fully funded by the central overnment. –

To line all villages with pakka road. The goal was to provide roads to all villages (1) with a population of 1000 p rsons and above by 2003, (2) with a population of 500 pe sons and above by 2007, (3) in hill states, tribal and desert area villages with a population of 500 persons and above by 2003, and (4) in hill states, tribal and des rt area villages with a population of 250 perso s and above by 2007

Bharat Nirman Program Launched-2005 Bharat Nirman is an Indian business plan for creating and augmenting basic rural inf astructure. It comprises projects on irrigatio roads (Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana), housing (Indira Awaas Yojana), water supply (National R ral Drinking Water Programme), electrification [R jiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana] and telecommunication connectivity. –

Development of Rural Infrastructure including six components : irrigation, Water supply, Housing, Road, Telephone and Electricit . The objectives of the plan are as followings. It aims at providing saf drinking water to all the under developed are s in India by 2012. It also aims to develop ousing facilities for the poor. Initially the sche e targeted 60 lakh additional houses to be constructed for the poor within the year 2009, but now the plan  







 

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has been extended to 2 14 and the targeted house to be constructed as been increased to 1.2 crore. The plan also includes to cover 40% of the rural area with telecommunication facilities by the year 2014 and provide broadband coverage to all the 2.5 lakh Panchayats by the year 2012. The plans suggests to c nstruct all weather roads by the year 2012 in order to connect all the villages of India having a minimum population of 500 ( 250 in case f hilly or tribal areas). The plan aims to provide electricity to every village by the year 2012. The plan aims to provide an additional one crore hectare of irrigational land by the year 2012

Indira Awaas Yojana Launched-1999 Indira Awaas Yojana is a sociall welfare flagship programme, created by the I dian Government, to provide housing for the rural poor in India. This scheme was launched by Rajiv Gandhi,the Prime Minister of India at tha time.It is one of the major flagship programs of the Rural Development Ministry to construct h uses for BPL population in the villages. started in 1985 as part of the Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Programm (RLEGP), Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY) was subsumed in Jawahar rojgar Yojana(JRY) in 1989 and has been operating as an independent scheme since 1 996an independent scheme since 1996 – 





The broad purpose of t e scheme is to provide financial assistance to some of the weakest sections of society for t em to upgrade or construct a house of respectable quality for their personal living. The vision of the government is to replace all temporary (kutchcha) houses from Indian villages by 2017into pu ca/semi-pucca by members of SC/STs, freed bonded labourers and also non-SC/ST rural poor below the poverty line by extending them gr ant-in-aid. under the scheme, fina cial assistance worth Rs.70,000/- in plain area and Rs.75,000/- in difficult areas (high lan area) is provided for construction of houses.

National Livelihood Mission Launched-2009-10 -

To reduce poverty among rural BPL by promoting diversified and gainful self-e ployment and wage employment opportuniti s which would lead to an appreciable increase in income on sustainable basis.



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Pradhanmantri Adarsh Gram Yojana (PMAGY) Launched-2010 PMGY was launched in 2000 -2001 in all States and Union Territories (UTs) i order to achieve the objective of sustainable h man development at the village level. Rural electrification was added as an additional component from 2001-02. For 2002-03 as well as 2003-04, the allocation of ACA for PMGY was Rs. 2,8 0 crore. Both financial and physical monitoring of the programme is being carried ou by the Planning Commission.   

Integrated develop ent of scheduled castes dominated villages in the country. PMGY initially had five components viz., primary health, primary e ucation, rural shelter, rural drinki g water and nutrition. The PMGY envisages allocation of Additional Central Assistance (A A) to the States and UTs for selecte basic minimum services in order to focus on c rtain priority areas.

Twenty Point Program Launched-1975 This has been a major program e of rural development encompassing various aspects of rural people. This programme is associated with former Prime Minister Indira Gand i, who introduced it in July 1975 for reducing povert y and economic exploitation and for the uplift f weaker sections of society. She gave the slogan Garibi Hatao’ during parliamentary elections. -

Poverty eradication and and raising the standar of living The important goals of this pro ramme were: 1. Welfare of the rural masses. 2. Increase in rural employmen . 3. Minimum wages to landless labourers. 4. Uplift of the SC and ST peopl . 5. Growth of housing facilities. 6. New programmes of family planning. 7. Extension of primary health f acilities. 8. Making primary education more effective. 9. Welfare of women and child en.

Rajiv Awas Yojana (RAY) o

o

o o

Rajiv Awas Yojana ( AY) is an Indian government program that atte pts to help slum dwellers gain appro riate housing and address the processes by which slums are created and reproduced. It was introduced b the Indian government's Ministry of Housing a d urban poverty Alleviation. The programme is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, and will run from 2013 to 2022. This scheme aims to make India slum-free by 2022 by providing peo le with shelter or



o

o

o

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housing, free of cos . It began with a pilot project, before launching in mission mode. The government ea marked Rs. 32,230 crore for implementation during India's 12th Five Year Plan. One million beneficiaries are proposed to be covered under Rajiv A as Yojana -

and provide housing, basic civic infrastructure, and social amenities in intervened slums eforms by addressing some of t e causes leading to the creation of slums e a supportive environment for the expansion of institutional credit linkages for the urban poor onalize mechanisms for the prevention of slums, including the creation of affor able housing stock en institutional and human resource capacities at the municipal, city, and state levels through sive capacity building and the strengthening of resource networks



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H alth Care Development The health care infrastructure in rural areas has been developed as a three tier s ystem.

ommunity Health Centre (CHC) Most peripheral contact oint between Primary Health Care System & C mmunity manned with one MPW(F)/ANM

one MPW(M)Community manned with one MPW(F)/ANM & one MPW(M)

Primary Health Centre (PHC) A Referral Unit for 6 Sub Centres 4-6 bedded manned with a Medical Officer Incharge and 14 subordinate paramedical staff Community manned with one MPW(F)/A M & one MPW(M)

Sub Centre (SC) Most peripheral contact point between Primary Health Care System & Community manned ith one MPW(F)/ANM & one MPW(M)



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U iversal Immunization Programme Launched-2005 Universal Immunization Progra me is a vaccination program launched by the G vernment of India in 1985. It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program e in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas u der National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since 2005. 

 

The program consists o vaccination for seven diseasestuberculosis, diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), tetanus, poliomyelitis, measles and Hepatitis B. Hepatitis B wa added to the UIP in 2007. Thus, UIP has 7 vaccine preventable diseases in the program. On 2014 it was announ ed that four vaccines will be added to the program, namely rotavirus, rubella and J panese encephalitis, as well as the injectable polio vaccine.

In egrated Child Development Services Launched-2005 Integrated Child Development S ervices (ICDS) is an India government welfare pr gramme which provides food, preschool education, and primary healthcare to children under 6 years of age and their mothers. These services are provided fro Anganwadi centres established mainly in rural areas and staffed with frontline workers. In addition to fighting malnutrition and ill health, the programme is also intende d to combat gender inequality by providing girls the same resources as boys. -

The predefined objectives of IC S are: To raise the health a d nutritional level of poor Indian children belo 6 years of age.  To create a base for proper mental, physical and social development of children in India.  To reduce instances f mortality, malnutrition and school dropouts among Indian  children.

Accredited Social Health Activist Launched-2005 Accredited social health activist (ASHAs) are community health workers instituted by the government of India's Minis ry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) as part of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM).



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 



ASHAs are local women trained to act as health educators and promoters in their communities. Their tasks include motivating women to give birth in hospitals, brin ing children to immunization clinics, encouraging family planning (e.g., surgical sterilization), treating basic illness and injury with first aid, keeping demographic records, nd improving village sanitation ASHAs are also mean to serve as a key communication mechanism etween the healthcare system and rural populations

alwadi Nutrition Programme Launched-1970 This program was started in 1970 under the Department of Social Welfare, Government of India. Four national level organization including the Indian Council of Child Welfare are given grants to implement this program. Balwadis are being phased out because of the implementation of the Integrated Child Development Services programme. 



Balwadi Nutrition Programme is a healthcare and education program e launched by the Government of India to provide food supplements at Balwadis to children of the age group 3–6 years in rural areas. The food supplement p ovides 300 calories of energy and 10 grams of rotein per child per day.

Janani Suraksha Yojana Launched-2005 Janani Suraksha Yojana is an Indian Government scheme proposed by the Gover nment of India. It was launched on 12 April 2005 y the Prime Minister of India.    

It aim to decrease the neo-natal and maternal deaths happening in the country by promoting institutional delivery of babies. This is a safe motherho d intervention under the National Rural Healt Mission It is a 100% centrally sponsored scheme it integrates cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery care. The success of the sche e would be determined by the increase in institutional delivery among the poor families



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Jan ni Shishu Suraksha Karyakram Launched-2011 The Janani Shishu Suraksha Kary akram (JSSK) was launched on 1st June, 2011. T is scheme supplements the cash assistanc given to a pregnant woman under Janani Suraksha Yojana and is aimed at mitigating the burden f out of pocket expenses incurred by pregnant omen and sick newborns.  



The initiative entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions the following: Absolutely free and no expense delivery, including caesarea section. Free drugs and consum bles Free diet up to 3 days during normal delivery and up to 7 days for C-section Free diagnostics Free blood wherever required. Free tran port from home to institution, between fa ilities in case of a referral and drop back home. Similar entitlements ha e been put in place for all sick newborns accessing public health institutions for treatment till 30 days after birth.

Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) Launched-2011 Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) is a new scheme of Ministry of Health Gove nment of India, launched to incentivize ASHA fo providing Home Based Newborn Care.   

ASHA will make visits t all newborns according to specified schedule p to 42 days of life. The proposed incentive is Rs. 50 per home visit of around one hour du ation. The role of ASHA would be: recording of weight of the newborn in MC card ensuring BCG , 1st dose of OPV and DPT vaccination both the mother and the newborn are safe till 42 days of the delivery, an registration of birth has been done

Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya Karyaka LaunchedThe Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has launched Rashtriya Kishor Swasthya



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Karyakam (RKSK) to address the health problems of adolescents in a comprehen sive manner. RKSK has been introduced unde the National Rural Health Mission. 

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RKSK is based on the fa t that Adolescence is the most important stag of the life cycle for health interventions Adolescents aged 10 to 19 years constitute about one-fifth of India’s population and young people (aged 10-24 years) about one-third of th population. The large and increasin share of adolescents and youth in India’s pop lation can translate into a demographic dividend only if policies and programmes focus on the health and wellbeing of this 243 million strong, yet very vulnerable adolescent po ulation.



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Nati nal Rural Health Mission Introduction of National Rural  



ealth Mission

The National Rural Heal h Mission (NRHM) is an initiative undertaken by the government of India to address the health needs of underserved rural areas. Launched in April 2005 y Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the RHM was initially tasked with addressing he health needs of 18 states that had been identified as having weak public health indicators. The Union Cabinet headed by Dr.Anbumani Ramadoss vide its decision ated 1 May 2013, has approved the launc of National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) as a Sub-mission of an overarching National Health Mission (NHM), with National Rural Health ission (NRHM) being the other Sub-mission of National Health Mission.

Mission Under the NRHM, the E powered Action Group (EAG) States as well as orth Eastern  States, Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh have been given spec ial focus.  The thrust of the missio is on establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health such as ater, sanitation, education, nutrition, so ial and gender equality. Institutional integration within the fragmented health sector was expect ed to provide a  focus on outcomes, me sured against Indian Public Health Standards fo all health facilities.

Implementation of National Ru al Health Mission As per the 12th Plan do ument of the Planning Commission, the f lagship programme of  NRHM will be strengthened under the umbrella of National Health Mission.  The focus on covering r ral areas and rural population will continue alo g with up scaling of NRHM to include non-c mmunicable diseases and expanding health cov erage to urban areas. Accordingly, the nion Cabinet, in May 2013, has approved the la unch of National Urban Health Mission ( UHM) as a sub-mission of an overarching Natio al Health Mission (NHM), with National R ral Health Mission (NRHM) being the other sub- mission of the National Health Mission



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Some of the major initiatives u der National Health Mission (NHM) are as follo s:

Accredited Social Health Activis ts Community Health volunteers c lled Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) have been engaged under the mission for establishi g a link between the community and the health system. ASHA is the first port of call for any health r lated demands of deprived sections of the popu lation, especially women and children, who find i difficult to access health services in rural areas. ASHA Programme is expanding across States and has particularly been successful in bringing people ack to Public Health System and has increased the u ilization of outpatient services, diagnostic facilities, institutional deliveries and inpatient care.

Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient Welfare Committee) / Hospital Management Socie y The Rogi Kalyan Samiti (Patient elfare Committee) / Hospital Management So iety is a management structure that acts as a group of trustees for the hospitals to manage the affairs of the hospital. Financial assistance is rovided to these Committees through untied fund to undertake activities for patient welfare.

Untied Grants to Sub Centres Untied Grants to Sub-Centers have been used to fund grass-root improvements iin health care. Some examples include: 

Improved efficacy of Au iliary Nurse Midwifes (ANMs) in the field that c n now undertake better antenatal care and other health care services.

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Village Health Sanitatio and Nutrition Committees (VHSNC) have used ntied grants to increase their involvem nt in their local communities to address the nee ds of poor households and childre .

Health care contractors NRHM has provided health care contractors to underserved areas, and has been involved in training to expand the skill set of doctor at strategically located facilities identified by the states. Similarly, due importance is given to capa ity building of nursing staff and auxiliary worke s such as ANMs. NHM also supports co-location f AYUSH services in Health facilities such as PHCs, CHCs and District Hospitals.

Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) JSY aims to reduce maternal mo rtality among pregnant women by encouraging them to deliver in government health facilities. Under the scheme cash assistance is provided to eliigible pregnant women for giving birth in a government health facility. Large scale demand side inancing under the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) has brought poor households to public sector healt facilities on a scale never witnessed before.

National Mobile Medical Units NMMUs) Many un-served areas have been covered through National Mobile Medical Uni s (NMMUs). National Ambulance Services



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Free ambulance services are provided in every nook and corner of the country c nnected with a toll free number and reaches within 30 minutes of the call.

Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) As part of recent initiatives and urther moving in the direction of universal heal hcare, Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakarm (JSSK) was introduced to provide free to and fro transport, ree drugs, free diagnostic, free blood, free diet to pregnant women who come for delivery in public health institutions and sick infants up t one year.

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (RBSK) A Child Health Screening and Ea ly Intervention Services has been launched in F bruary 2013 to screen diseases specific to child ood, developmental delays, disabilities, birth d fects and deficiencies. The initiative will c ver about 27 crore children between 0–18 year of age and also provide free treatment includin surgery for health problems diagnosed under t is initiative.

Mother and Child Health Wings (MCH Wings) With a focus to reduce maternal and child mortality, dedicated Mother and Chil Health Wings with 100/50/30 bed capacity have been sanctioned in high case load district hospitals and CHCs which would create additional beds fo mothers and children.

Free Drugs and Free Diagnostic Service A new initiative is launched und r the National Health Mission to provide Free Drugs Service and Free Diagnostic Service with a

otive to lower the out of pocket expenditure on health.

District Hospital and Knowledg Center (DHKC) As a new initiative District Hospitals are being strengthened to provide Multi-sp cialty health care including dialysis care, intensive cardiac care, cancer treatment, mental illness, emergency medical and trauma care etc. These hos itals would act as the knowledge support for cli ical care in facilities below it through a tele-medicin center located in the district headquarters and also developed as centers for training of paramedics and nurses.

National Iron+ Initiative The National Iron+ Initiative is a attempt to look at Iron Deficiency Anaemia in

hich beneficiaries

will receive iron and folic acid supplementation irrespective of their Iron/Hb status. This initiative will bring together existing program es (IFA supplementation for: pregnant and lactating women and; children in the age group of 6–60 months) and introduce new age groups.



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Finance Assi tance Programmes for Rura Areas

Credit Authorization Scheme (CAS) Launched-1965

The Credit Authorisation Sch me (CAS) for bank advances was introduce by the Reserve Bank of India in 1965.    

Objective – Under this scheme, all c mmercial banks had to obtain prior approval / uthorization of the RBI before granting a lo n of Rs. 1 crore or more to a single borrower . The banks first scrutinis the proposals of the borrowers and then send hem to the Reserve Bank for approval. The Reserve Bank goes hrough the proposal and if found suitable, then it may authorise the concerned bank to sanc ion the loans asked for. The CAS is being review d by the Reserve Bank from time to time and is progressively liberalised.



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National Fund for Rural Development (NFRD) Launched-1984

The National Fund for Rural evelopment (NFRD) was set up in 1984 to obilise funds from individuals, corporate and no -corporate bodies for undertaking rural dev elopment activities.

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Objective – To grant 100% tax rebate to donors and also to provide financial assistance for rural development proje ts. The accruals to the Fund were to be utilized for implementing proj cts in the field of rural development. All categories of tax-payers and non-tax payers willing to join the effort in bringing about improvemen s to rural life were made eligible to make cont ibution in the name of NFRD.

Agriculture and Rural Debt Relief Scheme (ARDRS) Launched-1990 Objective -To exe pt bank loans upto Rs. 10,000 of rural artisans and weavers

Sup ly of Improved Toolkits to Rural Artisans Launched-1992

Launched in July 1992, as a ub-scheme of IRDP in selected districts, thi scheme has since been extended to all th districts of the country. Objective – Under the scheme, a variety of crafts persons, except weavers, tailors, needle workers  and beedi workers, are supplied with a kit of improved hand tools ithin a financial ceiling of Rs.2000, of which the artisans have to pay 10 per cent and the remaining 90 per cent is a subsid from the Government of India. The supply of power driven tools, subject to a ceiling of Rs.4500, is also permitted  under this scheme. Beyond this, any additional finance required by the artisans can be provided through  loans under IRDP. The rural artisans a e trained under TRYSEM for which an age relaxation has been  provided to them.

District Rural Development Agency (DRDA) Launched-1993



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DRDA has traditionally been t he principal organ at the district level to ove see the implementation of anti -poverty programmes of the Ministry of Rural Devel opment. This agency was created originally to implement the Integrated Rural Develop ent Programme (IRDP) Objective -To provide financial assistance for rural develop ent The task of DRDA has b en to identify the needs of the rural populatio and reach the  appropriate schemes where they are needed. DRDA is not only a bod to disburse the funds for the schemes but also provide  appropriate Managerial and Technical support. The governing body of RDA includes Members of Parliament (MPs), embers of  Legislative Assemblies (MLAs), District level officials of Development Departments, Bankers, NGO's and representatives of weaker sections of the society

Mahila Samridhi Yojana Launched-1993

The Mahila Samridhi Yojana ( MSY) was launched on 2nd October, 1993 ith the objective of empowering the rural wom n through building thrift habit, self Objective -To encourage the rural women to deposit in Post Office Saving Account With the objective f providing economic security to the rural wo en and to  encourage, the saving habit among them Under this plan, th rural women of 18 years of above age can open their saving  account in the rural post office of their own area with a minimum s. 4 or its multiplier. On the amount not withdrawn for 1 year, 25% of the deposited amount is given to the deposi or by the government in the form of encourag ment amount. Such accounts opened under the scheme account opened under the scheme account  opened under the scheme are provided 25% bonus with a maximu of Rs. 300 every year.



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Programm s for Land Resource Develop ent Department of Land Resources is responsible for the Schemes/Programmes rela ed to the Land Resource Development.

Land Resource Development Programmes

Integrated Watershed Management Programme

National Land Record Modernisation Programme

(IWMP)

(NLRMP)

•

Technology Development, Extension & Training Programme (TDET)

Nati nal Land Record Modernisation Programme (NLRMP) Launched- 2008

Objective of NLRMP The main objective of the NLR P is to develop a modern, comprehensive and ransparent land records management system in the country with the aim to implement the co clusive land-titling system with title guarantee, w ich will be based on four basic principles, i.e., (i) a single window to h ndle land records (including the maintenance nd updating of textual records, maps, survey and settlement operations and registration of immovable property) (ii) the ―mirror principle, which refers to the fact that cadastral records mirror the ground reality (iii) the ―curtain princi le which indicates that the record of tle is a t ue depicon of the ownership status, mutation is automated and automatic following registration and the reference to past recor s is not necessary (iv) title insurance, whi h guarantees the title for its correctness and indemnifies the title holder against loss arising on account of any defect therein. 







Major 1. 2. 3.

Components of the NLR P Programme computerization of all land records including mutations. digitization of maps and integration of textual and spatial data. survey/re-survey and u dation of all survey and settlement records incl ding creation of



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original cadastral records wherever necessary. 4. computerization of regi tration and its integration with the land records maintenance system 5. development of core Geospatial Information System (GIS) and capacity uilding.

Activities under NLRMP Project · Scanning, digitization, updatio of mussavies/ cadastral maps · Geo-linking of RoR data with u dated digitized maps · Scanning of old Revenue docu entsfor virtual record room · Survey/Resurvey using ETS · DGPS Survey · Satellite data processing

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Inte rated Watershed Management Programme (IWMP) Launched- 2009-10

Why IWMP is Important Around 60% of cultivated area across India is rain-fed. Besides, these areas are also blighted by poverty, water scarcity, low pro uctivity, malnutrition and prone to severe land degradation. The watershed development progra me has been adopted as a tool to address pro lems of the rain-fed or degraded areas in the countr . Expected Benefits of IWMP: The benefits include increase in availability of surface water & groundwater, changes in cropping pattern from one to two crops annually, increase in fodder availability and incre se in milk yield, increase in agriculture Key Points of IWMP: Launched in 2009-10 by the integration of various area development pr grammes of the  Department of Land Resources, including the Drought Prone Areas Prog amme (DPAP), the Desert Development Pr gramme (DDP) and the Integrated Wastelands evelopment Programme (IWDP). 9% of the project cost is earmarked for development of livelihoods for a set-less people  10% of the project cost is for productivity enhancement and developme t of micro enterprises for small & arginal farmers. An average size of project under the IWMP is about 5,000 ha which is cl ster of micro watersheds. A portion of institution capacity building (5% of the total project cost) as been provided to  set up institutional mec anism at State, District, Project and Village levels and to build capacities of stakeholders. It also entails involvement of primary stakeholders in the form of grassr ots community  organisations.



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All Rura Development Programmes Cha t

Community Development Programme (CDP)

Overall evelopment of rural areas a d people’s participation.

Intensive Agriculture Development program (IADP

To provide loan for seeds and fertilizer to farmers

Intensive Agri ulture Area programme (IAAP)

To develop special harvest in agriculture area.

Credit Authorization Scheme (CAS)

Involved qualitative credit control of reser e bank of India

Green Revolution

To Increase productivity. Confine to wheat production

Rural Electrification Corporation

To provide electricity in rural areas

Scheme of Discriminatory Interest Rate

To provide loan to the weaker sections of society at a concessional interest rate of 4%

Accelerated

ural water Supply Programme (ARWSP)

Drought Prone Area Programme:

Providing drinking water in villages Prot ction from drought by achieving environment balance and by developing ground water

Crash Scheme for Rural Employment CSRE Marginal Farmer and Agriculture Labour Agency (MFALA) Small Farmer Development Scheme SFDS

or rural employment Technic l & financial assistance to marginal farmers Technic l & financial assistance to small farmers

Command A ea Development Programme: (CADP) Twenty Point Programme (TPP)

Better u ilization of irrigational capaciti s Poverty eradication and an overall objective of raising the level livi g



National Institution of Rural Development

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Training, investigation and advisory for rural development

Desert Dev lopment Programme: (DDP)

To control the desert expansion by main aining environment balance

Food For Work Programme

Antyodaya Yojna: Scheme of Rajasthan

providin food grains to labour

providing economic assistance to poorest families

Training Ru al Youth for Self Employment

educational and vocational

TRYSEM

training

Integrated Rural Development Programme :IRDP

(launc ed on October 2, 1980) overall evelopment of rural poor

National Rural Development programme NREP

employ ent for rural man force

Development of Women & Children in Rural

Sustain ble opportunities of self

Areas (DWCRA)

employ ent to the women belonging to the rural families who are living below the poverty line.

Rural Landlless Employment Guarantee Programme (RLEGP) Agriculture Service Centres FASCs

employ ent to landless farmers and lab urers use of i proved instruments of agriculture

National Fund for Rural Development

o grant 100% tax rebate to donors and also to provide financial assistance for rural develop ent projects



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Comprehensive Crop Insurance Scheme Council of Ad ancement of People’s Action &

Crop Insurance Assistance to rural people

Rural Technology (CAPART) Self Employment Programme

for the

oor SEPUP Self

employ ent through credit and subsidy

National Drinking Water Mission

For rural drinking water renamed and u graded to Rajiv Gandhi Nation l Drinking Water Mission in 1991.

Service rea Account Rural Credit Agriculture & R ral Debt Relief Scheme: ARDRS

Exempt Bank loans up to Rs. 10000 for rural artisans and weavers

Scheme of H using and Shelter Upgradation

Providi g employment by shelter

(SHASU)

Upgradation

Employme t Assurance Scheme (EAS)

(Launched on October, 2) Employ ent of at least 100 days in a yea in villages

District Rural Development Agency DRDA

Financial assistance to rural people y district level authority

M hila Samridhi Yojna

(October 2, 1993) Encourage rural women to deposit in Post office schemes

Mi day Meal Scheme:

Nutrition to students in primary schools to improve enrolment, retentio and attendance

National S cial Assistance programme Group Life Insurance Scheme for Rural Areas

Assist BPL people. Insuran e in rural area for low premiu

Ganga Kalyan Yojna

Provide financial assistance to farmers for exploring ground water resources



Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna Jawah r Gram Samriddhi Yojna

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Self em loyment in rural areas Village i frastructure

Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojna

Basic n eds of rural people

Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojna

Connect all villages with nearest pukka r ad.

Sampoor a Grameen Rozgar Yojna

Employ ent and food security to rural pe ple

Universal health Insurance Scheme

Health i surance for Rural people

National Food for Work programme

Supple entary wage as food grains f r work

Ja ani Suraksha Yojna

Providing care to pregnant women

National Rural Health Mission

Accessi le, affordable, account ble, quality health services to the poorest of the poor on remotest areas of the country.

Rajeev Gand i Grameen Vidyut Karan Yojna

Extendi g electrification of all villages and habitations and ensurin electricity to every househ ld.

National Rural

mployment Guarantee Scheme NREGS

100 days wage employment for develop ent works in rural areas.

Aa Aadmi Bima Yojna

Insuran e cover to the head of the familly of rural landless househ lds in the country.

Rajiv Awas Yojna

To mak India slum free in 5 years

National Livelihood Mission

Integrated Pl nt Nutrient Management: Soil Health Card

To reduce poverty among rural BPL by prom ting diversified and gainful self-employment and wage employ ent recomm ndations of nutrients and fertiliser required for the individual farms to help farmers to improve



Parampara at Krishi Vikas Yojna(PKVY)

Pradhan Mantrii Krishi Sinchai Yojana (PMKSY)

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producti ity through judicious use of inputs Organic farming will be promoted by using traditional resources and the organic roducts will be linked with the market. To increase agricultural production and productivity by increasing availability of water and its efficient use.



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National Institute of Rural Developm nt 

National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD) is an Indian institute fo research in rural development, located in Rajendra nagar near Hyderabad

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Its mission is to develop a committed cadre of rural development professionals trained to deal with the challenges in rural areas.

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NIRD offers one year PGDRDM course.

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It is an autonomous org nization under Department of Rural Developm nt, Ministry of Rural Development, Governm ent of India

The institute was first named National Institute of Community Development (NICD) upon its foundation in 1964, wit merger two as Central Institute of Study and R search in Community Development at Mu ssoorie, (now in Uttarakhand) and Trainers Trai ing Institute at Rajpur

The Vision – The Institute’s vision focuses o the policies and programmes that benefit the rural poor, democratic decentralization pr cess, the operational efficiency of rural develo ment and panchayati raj functionaries including elected representatives of PRIs, promoting transfer of technology and environmental awareness

The Mission– The mission of the NIRD is to examine and analyze the factors contributing to the improvement of economic and social well-being of people in rural areas on a sustainable basis ith focus on the rural poor and the other disadvantaged groups.

ObjectivesThe objectives of the NIRD are s under: a) Organize training programmes, conferences, seminars and Workshops f r senior level development managers, elected Representatives, bankers, NGOs and ot hers. b) Undertake, aid, promot and coordinate research on its own and through other agencies. Greater emphasis is laid on the application aspects. c) Study various aspects of the Panchayati Raj Institutions, local level governance across the states; d) Analyze and propose solutions to problems in planning and implementa ion of the programmes for rural d velopment. e) Disseminate informatio through periodicals, reports and other publicat ions. f) Provide consultancy ser ices to both national and international organizations as well as Ministries of Govt. of In ia and Departments of State Governments.



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Structure and OrganizationThe NIRD policy is determined by a forty-seven member General Council. The Union Minister of Rural Development is the President of the General Counci l. The management and administration of the Institute is vested in a fourteen member Executive Co ncil, with the Hon’ble Union 5 Minister for Ru al Development as its Chairman. The Director General is the Chief Executive Officer and is responsible for the management of the Institute. He is a sisted by a Deputy Director General, Financial Advi or, Registrar and Director (Administration) and multi disciplinary Faculty. The Academic Committ e and Research Advisory Committee, under the Chairmanship of the Director General, facilitate plan ing of its training, research and consultancy acti vities.



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ROLE OF THE PA CHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIO S IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT Panchayati Raj Department is a important department of Uttar Pradesh related to the rural development. The main objective of this department is to strengthen the Panch yati Raj System in the state according to the 73rd mendment of Indian constitution. So that panc ayats can realize the dream of rural administration and rural development with complete coordination and transparency. For this purpose t he department has provided a Citizen Charter.

For the sake of public Convenience and knowledge, this charter has been divided into 7 subjects:      

Financial aid to Gram P nchayats. Rural Cleanliness Progr mmes. Responsibilities of th Panchayats- (Transparency in work, rural administration & development). Responsibilities of public towards Panchayat. Decentralization Programme. Control over the Gram anchayats Arrangement of Panchayat Help-line.

Citizen Charter is a continuous process which will change periodically according o the feelings, recommendations, experiences and reactions of the public.

FINANCIAL AID TO THE GRAM P ANCHAYATS Gram Panchayats are given financial aids on the recommendations of State Finance Commission. The main objectives of the fina cial aid given to these Panchayats are: Drinking water supply, cleaning and maintenance facilities.  Maintenance of public l mp posts, roads, drainage system, cleanliness p rogrammes, primary  schools and maintenance of other public assets. Construction of Pancha at Bhawans for meeting halls and for the reside ce of secretary of  Gram Panchayat.  Construction of Gramin Kisan Bazaar and Livestock Markets.  Construction of underground water drainage system for the objective of environmental cleanliness.

RESPONSIBILITIES OF PANCHAYATS Gram Panchayats are given financial aids on the recommendations of State Finance Commission. The main objectives of the fina cial aid given to these Panchayats are:



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Following are the responsibiliti s of Panchayats: Periodic meeting of Gra Sabha in order to communicate the functionin g  of Panchayats.  Monthly meeting of Gram Panchayat to communicate the related infor ation to the elected  members.  Monthly meetings of Sa ities for the completion of predetermined functions with the coordination of 6 samities. Increase in the income f Gram Panchayat through the collection of tax s and fees  prescribed by the act of legislature. For transparency in work a notice board on the wall of public premises ill be displayed  showing all the details of usage of the funds.  Rural cleanliness through environmental cleanliness and stopping usage of open toilets. Control over Governme t Ration Depot.  To plan and pass different welfare programmes with the coordination of public upto the  amount of Rs. 50000.  The Gram Pradhan should inspect all the assets of Gram Samaj at least once in a quarter.

CONTROL OVER GRAM PANCH YAT: To stop the misuse of funds at ram Panchayat level, there is a law of investig tion against Pradhans, Deputy Pradhans an the members. The complaint along with affidavit and relevant proofs can be given to t e district  magistrate.  The investigation of the complaint will be done by the district level offic rs only.  A Charted Accountant will be appointed for the completion of the accounts of Gram Panchayat. The audit of Gram Panc ayats will be done by the Chief Accountant.  Gram Sabha can restiga e the Pradhan by passing a no confidence resol tion if there is any  grave charge against th Pradhan.

Planned and Other Schemes of he Department (in UP) The Panchayati Raj Department is encouraging the aforesaid schemes practically on a wide scale. The analytical study of some of he aforesaid schemes is as follows: 

I.E.C. Programme:- The ain objective of this programme is to provide i formation, education and communication to the village inhabitants about the cleanliness programmes run by central governm nt. Under this programme necessary funds are iven to the village inhabitants for promoti g and encouraging cleanliness in rural areas.



Community Toilet Com lex :- Community toilets are built and maintained by Gram Panchayats only where here is a market, fair or there is no land availabl e for families to built toilets. Schools and Anganwad Cleanliness:- In order to encourage cleanliness in rural areas, primary schools have been considered as the basic unit. To motivate stu dents for adopting













clean habits a sum of Rs. 20,000/- is given for building school toilets and Rs. 5000/- is given to Anganwadis. Repair & Maintenance f Handpumps:- Since April, 2002, Gram Pancha ats have been given the responsibility of maintaining the hand pumps. Keeping in view the p iorities of government a campaign was run by the Gram Panchayats and 140407 h nd pumps have been repaired out of 17 2371 since January, 2009. Dr. Ambedkar Gram Vi as Yojna:- This campaign emphasized the construction of C.C. roads and drains. Under this c mpaign 1438 Gram Sabhas have been covered uring the first stage in year 2007-08 and 2008-09. Under this campaign the amount suctione is Rs. 1984.08 th crore, out of which a su of Rs. 855.84 crore has been spent till 4 February, 2009 and work of 681 Dr. Ambedkar Gr m Sabhas has been completed. Construction and Maint enance of Farmer Market & Livestock Market:- Under this scheme those farmer markets a d livestock markets have been selected which are organized on the land of Panchayat. Construction of Underg ound drainage system in rural areas:- The dep rtment started this campaign in 2006-07. U der this campaign the cost of per km. underground drains is 1.654 lakh.

Role of the Pancha ati Raj Institutions in Rural      

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evelopment

Department should collect data which help in estimating the number of oilets needed in rural areas. It should further be esti ated as to how much construction is possible in one year. The reviews of the num er of constructed toilets and allotted amount sh ll be done more frequently. PP model can be adopted for better utilization The development progr mmes shall be carried out throughout the year in a phased & planned manner. Involvement of local pro essionals or NGOs can be done to ensure better outputs. Thus, we can say that due to the egligence of system the rural areas remain und r developed. The government in spite of providing huge amount of funds remains unsucce sful in fostering the growth of rural India. There is a need to keep a strict watch over the utili ation of funds by Gram Panchayats.


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