INTRODUCTION OF MALAYSIA 1. The States of the Federation (Malaysia) is Johor, Kedah, Kelantan, Melacca, Negeri Sembilan, Pahang, Penang, Perak, Perlis, Sabah, Sarawak, Selangor and Terengganu. (13 States) 2. Malaysia have 3 Federal Territory – Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya. 3. Islam is the religion of the Federation (Malaysia); but other religion may be practiced in peace and harmony in any part of the Federation. 4.
Federal Constitution is the supreme law of the Federation.
5.
Federal Capital for Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur.
6. The national language is Malay language and other language can be practice and teaching and also learning. 7. Supreme Head of the Federation is a first position in the Federation (Yang di-Pertuan Agong/King).
NATIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE.
1. Malaysia practices a parliamentary democracy system of government. 2. Malaysia practices democracy political system – ruled by the people. 3. Malaysia also practices the government system of federation – government at the federal level and government at the states level. 4. Malaysia also practices general election process in which the people choose their own representative and the government of Malaysia (at the federal level) 5. Malaysia have three bodies administrative system is executive, legislative and judiciary. Tiga badan pentadbiran : (eksekutif,perundangan,badan kehakiman) 6. This three bodies for each with its own role and responsibility. 7.
The head of Malaysia is Yang di-Pertuan Agong or The King.
8.
The King is chosen to hold the post for five (5) years by the Council of Rulers. (majlis perbandaran/daerah)
9.
The Malaysia’s structure of government and administration is generally divided into two levels, the federal level and the state level.
10. The component of Parliament -The King and both the Houses of Parliament.(bangunan parlimen) 11. The Parliament have two house, House of Representative and House of Senate..(wakil rakyat/ 12. The head of the Cabinet of Malaysia is Prime Minister and appointed by The King.
13. To safeguard the peace of the country and to protect justice, the court has to play the role of guardian of the law 14. The court must be an independent and neutral body. 15. The concept of distribution of power is the sharing of power between the central and state government. 16. For Selangor, Perak, Pahang, Johore, Kelantan, Kedah and Terengganu, Negeri Sembilan and Perlis ( 9 States) the head of the state is known as the Sultan/Raja (kecuali KL, Sabah, Sarawak, Melaka)-Yang Dipertuan Negeri 17. State Executive Council is responsible for forming various states policies and implements and this body is headed by the Menteri Besar or Ketua Menteri. 18. The state legislative body is the State Legislative Assembly and the function is listens , debate and draws up the acts of the state for application in the States ( to form the law at the state level). 19. This structure is bring the Malaysia the peace and prosperity and success country. 20. The strengthen of the country’ system of government that is responsible for providing the people with protection and security.
UNITY AND NATIONAL INTEGRATION 1.
Malaysia is a country inhabited by a multi-racial society.
2. In a plural society, unity and integration is vital to ensure the people live in peace and harmony. 3. In Malaysia, every people and citizen must be aware that unity and integration is a important and to ensure Malaysia always success. 4. National unity generally refers to the uniting of various groups that have different social and culture background into one physical entity. Uniting Sabah, Sarawak and Peninsular into one country or federation (Malaysia) – is an effort at achieving national unity. 5. The concept of integration refers to the process of unification of groups with different background to become one entity tied by norms and values as well as common interest. 6. Plural society is shows a society that is characterized by physical, social, cultural and economic separation among ethnic groups. 7. National Integration very important to development and is the ultimate aim of national development. Every people and every ethnic groups must have awareness about the importance of national integration and together to ensure Malaysia success. 8.
National Integration Problems: 8.1. Prejudice – the attitude toward other groups based on common generalizations, on evidence that are not concrete. Prejudice is a pre-judgment action.
8.2. Communalism – this is the attitude of favouring one’s own ethnic community. This phenomenon is quite obvious in the economic, political, social and culture. This problem can easily lead to tension in relationship and social gaps between individuals or groups of different ethnic origin. 8.3. Ethnocentrism – refer to the belief that one’s own culture or ethnic group is superior to that of others. 9.
Prejudice, communalism and ethnocentrism are “feelings inside” that can give rise to actions of partiality or injustice towards others ethnic groups.
10. Causes of the National Integration Problem: 10.1.Ignorance of other ethnic groups – limited or lack of understanding of the way of life, the living conditions and the problems of the races. 10.2.Process of socialization limited to within ethnic groups – the process of socialization among members of one ethnic group is not conducive to a wide exposure to other cultural elements. 10.3.Communal Politics – generally racial politics remains an important feature of politics in the country. 10.4.Social economic difference – among the many ethnic groups in the country and for a long time to the history of colonialism. 10.5.Culture Differences – easily spark off feelings of prejudice, racism and ethnocentrism – can be threat to national integration. 10.6.Segregation or Physical Separation – gives rise to difficulty in physical contact and results in an ethnic group not knowing another ethnic group, especially one that in an difference area.
11. Malaysia – especially Government always effort in handling the problem of national integration. So, 3 efforts to solve the problems is: 11.1.Political Efforts – actions through the legislative system, where laws and acts are made by Parliament to settle problems related to unity. 11.2.Economic Effort – to improving the economy of the people in the country regardless of community or ethnic groups. 11.3.Social & Culture Effort – implemented the social and culture approach by encouraging the sharing of values among the race or ethnic groups. 12. The basic of successful in Malaysia based on multi ethnic groups : 12.1.Sharing of Political Power – every ethnic group can be practice in politic and together with the government – cooperation in power sharing among ethnic groups under Barisan Nasional (National Front). 12.2.Democratic Government – political factors that also contributed to stability in ethnic relations in the country – that is the system of democracy in the ruling government. 12.3.Sound Economic Growth – to ensure the communities or every ethnic groups in the country get to enjoy the economic prosperity together.
13. Method to achieve national integration is: 13.1.Social Development – formal education, cocurriculum activities, continuous education, social group, social activities, tourism and mass media.
13.2.Economic Development – improving educational infrastructure, create Malay ethnic group and others ethnic in Sabah & Sarawak entrepreneurs and professional, development in the small enterprise sector, development of rural infrastructure and development of the rural society. 14. To create national unity and integration is the duty everyone – the government, non-government organization, society and the people. RUKUN NEGARA: THE NATIONAL IDEOLOGY 1. The Rukun Negara is a national ideology for Malaysia country. 2. The philosophy of Rukun Negara is to guide the people to edify a national identity through the sharing of value, norms and actions. 3. The Rukun Negara was inaugurated as a national ideology on 31 August 1971 by the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong or The King. 4.
Objectives of Rukun Negara is: 4.1. achieving a greater unity among the people. 4.2. maintaining a democratic way of life. 4.3. creating a just society in which the nation’s wealth can be enjoyed together in a fair and equitable manner. 4.4. ensuring a liberal attitude toward the rich and diverse cultural traditional. 4.5. building a progressive society which shall be oriented toward modern science and technology.
5.
The Principles of Rukun Negara is:
5.1. Belief in God 5.2. Loyalty to King and Country 5.3. Upholding the Constitution 5.4. Rule of Law 5.5. Decorum and Morality.
