Environmental Management System (ISO 14001) Lecture hour: 3 hour / week Course code: EVT 472 By: Ahmad Husaini Husain i Mohamed
Chapter 3: ISO 14000 SERIES
Chapter 3: ISO 14000 SERIES
ISO 14000 Family Standards No.
ISO
Title
1.
ISO 14001
Environmental management systems – Requirement with guidance for use
2.
ISO 14004
Environmental management systems – guidelines on principles, systems and techniques
3.
ISO 1401x
Environmental Environmental Auditing and Related Related Activities
4.
ISO 1402x
Environmental Environmental Labelling
5.
ISO 1403x
Environmental Environmental Performance Performance
6.
ISO 1404x
Life Cycle Assessment
7.
ISO 1405x
Terms and Definitions Definitio ns
General support
ISO 1401x - Environmental Auditing Auditing and Related Activities
ISO
Title
14015:2001
Environmental Environmental management -- Environmental Environmental assessment of sites and organiz o rganizations ations (EASO)
ISO 1402x - Environmental Labelling ISO
Title
14020:2000
Environmental Environmental labels and declarations declarations - General principles
14021:1999 Environmental Environmental labels and declarations - Self(Amd 1:2011) declared environmental claims (Type II environmental labelling) 14024:1999
Environmental labels and declarations - Type I environmental labelling - Principles and procedures
14025:2006
Environmental labels and declarations - Type III environmental declarations - Principles and procedures
ISO 1403x - Environmental Performance ISO
Title
14031:2013
Environmental management - Environmental performance evaluation - Guidelines
ISO/TS 14033:2012
Environmental management - Quantitative environmental information - Guidelines and examples
ISO 1404x - Life Cycle Assessment ISO
Title
14040:2006
Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Principles and framework
14044:2006
Environmental management Requirements and guidelines
14045:2012
Environmental management - Eco-efficiency assessment of product systems - Principles, requirements and guidelines
14046:2014
Environmental management - Water footprint -- Principles, requirements and guidelines
-
-
Life
Life
cycle
cycle
assessment
assessment
-
ISO/TR 14047:2012
Environmental management Requirements and guidelines
-
ISO/TS 14048:2002
Environmental management -- Life cycle assessment -- Data documentation format
ISO/TR 14049:2012
Environmental management - Life cycle assessment - Illustrative examples on how to apply ISO 14044 to goal and scope definition and inventory analysis
ISO 1405x - Terms and Definitions
ISO
Title
14050:2009
Environmental management - Vocabulary
14051:2011
Environmental management - Material flow cost accounting - General framework
ISO 14001 - Environmental management systems – Requirement with guidance for use
1st official issue in 1996 Adopted as Malaysian Standard (MS) in 1997 (MS ISO 14001)
world’s most recognized framework for EMS
helps organizations to:i. manage better the impact of their activities on the environment; ii. demonstrate sound environmental management; and iii. identify, manage, monitor and control their environmental issues in a “ holistic ” manner .
ISO 14001 - Environmental management systems – Requirement with guidance for use
Specifies the elements required and include guidance information
Generic in nature – applicable to all types and sizes of organisations (private, not-for-profit or governmental)
System approach similar Management Systems)
to
ISO
9001
(Quality
Applies to those environmental aspects to which the organisation can control and over which it can be expected to have an influence
Applicable for 3rd party certification purposes
Proactive and preventive
ISO 14001 includes the need for continual improvement of an organization’s systems and approach to environmental concerns
EMS Model Management System Cycle (PDCA)
PDCA Cycle Planning (PLAN) Formulate a plan to fulfil Environmental Policy Implementation (DO) Develop the capabilities & support mechanisms necessary to achieve the Policy, Objectives and Targets Measurement & Evaluation (CHECK) Constantly measure, monitor & evaluate the environmental performance Review & Improvement (ACT) Continual improvement in EMS with objective of improving overall environmental performance
TRANSITION TO 2015 VERSION
ISO 14001:2015 key improvements in the new version include: i.
A greater leadership
commitment
from
ii.
An increased alignment strategic direction
with
iii.
Greater protection environment, with a proactive initiatives
iv.
More effective communication, driven through a communications strategy
v.
Life-cycle thinking, considering each stage of a product or service, from development to endof-life
for the focus on
What benefits will ISO 14001 bring to business or organization? ISO 14001 helps: a) Demonstrate compliance with current and future
statutory and
regulatory requirements b) Increase
leadership
involvement
and
engagement
of
confidence
of
employees c)
Improve
company
reputation
and
the
stakeholders through strategic communication d) Achieve strategic business aims by environmental issues into business management e) Provide a competitive and financial improved efficiencies and reduced costs f)
Encourage
better
environmental
incorporating
advantage through performance
of
suppliers by integrating them into the organization’s business systems
Intended Users of ISO 19011 2) audit programme managers 1) auditors
4) Organizations implementing management systems
3) audit team leaders
5) organizations needing to conduct audits of management systems for contractual or regulatory reasons
ISO 1402X: Environmental Labelling Series Addresses a range of different approaches to environmental labels and declarations including eco-labels (seals of approval), self-declared environmental claims and quantified environmental information about products and services
Types of labelling Type I environmental labelling
Type II self-declared environmental claims
Type III environmental declarations
The “classic” ecolabelling schemes, which award a mark or a logo based on the fulfilment of a set of criteria
Claims which were made by manufacturers and businesses and could be seen as being “self -
consisted of a formalized set of environmental data describing the environmental aspects of a product
declared”
14024:1999
14021:1999 (Amd 1:2011)
14025:2006
ISO 14024:1999 - Type I environmental labelling - Principles and procedures
establishes the certification procedures for awarding the label
refers to the multi-criteria, life-cycle seals of approval = eco-labelling ”
elements in the product environmental criteria and product function characteristics of the environmental labelling programme need to be verifiable by the eco-labelling body using standards suggested in ISO 14024
“
PRINCIPLES Environmental labelling programmes should be voluntary Compliance with environmental and other relevant legislation is
required The whole product life cycle must be taken into consideration when
setting product environmental criteria (e.g.: extraction of resources, manufacturing, distribution, use and disposal relating to relevant crossmedia environmental indicators)
Product
environmental criteria need to be established to differentiate environmentally preferable products from others in the product category when these differences are significant
PRODUCT ENVIRONMENTAL CRITERIA: based on indicators arising from life-cycle considerations + required to be set at attainable levels + give consideration to relative environmental impacts, measurement capability and accuracy
THE PERIOD OF VALIDITY OF THE PROGRAMME requires that the product environmental criteria and product function requirements for each product category need to be set for a predefined period after which there should be a review (taking into account factors such as new technologies, new products, new environmental information and market changes)
PROCESS OF FORMAL OPEN PARTICIPATION AMONG INTERESTED PARTIES be established at the outset for the purpose of selecting and reviewing product categories, product environmental criteria and product function characteristics
Need to be able to demonstrate TRANSPARENCY through all stages of their development and operation
Provide information to stakeholders for inspection and comment
Selection of product categories Selection and development of product environmental criteria Product function characteristics Testing and verification methods Certification and award procedures Review period Period of validity Non-confidential evidence based on which the label has been awarded Funding sources for programme development Compliance verifi cation
Type I environmental labelling programmes are to be free from undue influence and be able to demonstrate that sources of funding do not create a conflict of interest.
ISO 14021: Type II - Self-declared environmental claims
deals with all environmental claims voluntarily made
range from products to services
Claims are made through products advertisement, internet or in trade reports
states that non-specific claims which broadly imply some environmental benefit shall not be used (environmentally friendly, green, nature’s friend)
packaging,
Objective: to be the harmonization of the use of selfdeclared environmental claims
BENEFITS
Accurate and verifiable environmental claims that are not misleading Increased potential for market forces to stimulate environmental improvements Prevention or minimization of unwarranted claims Facilitation of international trade Reduction in marketplace confusion
Basic rules for the making of environmental claims Use of symbols claims for products are made not just with the use of text but also by the use of pictures, symbols or logos
Evaluation & claim verification requirements claims must be verified before they are made and that this information must be available on request to any person
Specific requirements for selected claims recognizes that some claims are used more frequently than others (e.g. recyclable or biodegradable) and provides for specific requirements in the use of such claims
PRINCIPLES Pictures, symbols and logos are routinely used to convey a message about the environmental attributes of a product. Such images could be even more ambiguous than text. Therefore, the only proper way of dealing with this matter was to make no distinction between the use of text and the use of symbols and shall be unlikely to result in misinterpretation or be misleading
ISO 14025:2006 – Type III environmental declarations – Principles and procedures Establishes principles and specifies procedures for issuing quantified environmental information about products based on life-cycle data referred to as environmental declarations
Designed to meet various information needs within the supply chain and for end products as well as for more general purposes in information activities and marketing Subject to major stakeholder review processes and then published in the public domain
To assist purchasers in green procurement where they need to make informed comparisons between separate products
PRINCIPLES Are based on independently verified life-cycle assessment (LCA) data,
life-cycle inventory analysis (LCI) data, converted LCI data to reflect the life-cycle impact assessment (LCIA) of a product or information modules in accordance with the ISO 14040 series of standards and where relevant, additional environmental information Are developed using predetermined parameters Are subject to the administration of a programme operator such as a
company or a group of companies, industrial sector or trade association, public authorities or agencies or an independent scientific body or other organization
Environmental labelling programs can be characterized: Positive labelling programs typically certify that labelled products possess one or more environmentally preferable attributes
Negative labelling warns consumers about the harmful or hazardous ingredients contained in the labelled products
Neutral labelling programs simply summarize environmental information about products that can be interpreted by consumers as part of their purchasing decisions.
ISO 1403x: Environmental Performance Evaluation
OBJECTIVE: An internal management process that provides information to facilitate management decisions regarding an organization’s environmental
performance
Better understanding of an organization’s impacts on the environment; Providing a basis for benchmarking management; Identifying opportunities for improving efficiency of energy and resource usage; Determining whether environmental objectives and targets are being met ; Demonstrating compliance with regulations; Determining proper allocation of resources ; Increasing the awareness of employees; and Improving community and customer relations .
Being Green is Trendy . . . . . . . . . . . What Does Science Say? • Industry is looking for ways to green their products and manufacturing processes. • Individuals and Families are looking to green their homes and lifestyles. • How can you tell if something really is green?? • What is currently happening to achieve this goal? • Scientists perform a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
www.scienceinthebox.com
ISO 1404x: Life Cycle Assessment What is it???
The basis and scope of the evaluation are defined Create a process tree in which all processes from raw material extraction through waste water treatment are mapped out and connected and mass and energy balances are closed (all emissions and consumptions are accounted for) Emissions and consumptions are translated into environmental effects. The are environmental effects are grouped and weighted
Areas for improvement are identified.
M, E
M, E
Ra w Material A c q u isit ion W
M, E
Ma terial Process ing
W
M, E
Ma n ufa c ture & As se m b ly
M, E
Us e & S e r v ice
W
M, E
Re tirement & Re c o very
W
T re a t ment Dis p o s a l
W
W
re u s e rema n ufa c ture c lo sed-lo op recy cle
open-loop re cy cle
M, E = Material and Energy inputs to process and distribution W = Waste (gas, liquid, or solid) output from product, process, or distribution
Material flow of product component
Objectives that can be identified for a LCA: - To support public policies - To inform public and clients about environmental performances of our products - To address a correct USE of the product - To identify environmental impacts of different steps of the product life; address the product design for new or improved products - To compare two or more different products with the same functions
LCA Benefits Analyzes multi-media (air, water, waste, etc.)
Analyzes multi-attributes (all impacts) Helps identify trade-offs among alternatives Identifies opportunities for improvement Supports environmental decision making Provides the cornerstone of Sustainability Examines system-wide effects (cradle-to-grave)
Goal and Scope Wooden Pencil vs. Mechanical Pencil Goal = Compare 2 writing utensils for classroom use. Scope: Wooden Pencil (T = Transportation) Process Flow Diagram T T T Lumber
Lumber
Forest
Mill
Manufacture
Retailer
T
T
Use
T
(Landfill)
Rubber
T
Sharpening
T
(Electricity)
Graphite Packaging
T Brass
End of Life
Scope: Mechanical Pencil PE = Polyethylene PP = Polypropylene Both materials are plastic polymers (large molecules) used to make many products.
T Oil
T PE / PP
www.germes-online.com
T Manufacture
T Retailer
T
Use
T
(Landfill)
Rubber
T Graphite
T Packaging
T Spring
End of Life
T = Transportation
Items To Consider?? Inputs
Outputs
What is needed to make the substance!
What comes out of the system!
1. Energy 2. Materials 3. Labor
1. Products (electricity, materials, goods, services) 2. Waste 3. Emissions 4. Co-products
Data Collection Life Cycle Inventory Analysis 1. 2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Time-sensitive = past 5 years Geographical = does it match the location from the goal Technology = best available technology for process Representativeness = reflects population of interest Consistency = matches the procedure Reproducibility = another person could find it
Never Forget . . . . . . . Precision: The consistent reproducibility of a measurement Completeness: Covers all the areas outlined in the scope
LCA in Action: Think About It! Paper Plate vs. China (Plate You Wash & Reuse) What is the function? What is the functional
unit? What materials &
What are the impacts
to the environment? Is there waste? Does washing the
resources are used?
China produce waste?
What does it take to
What types of data do
produce both?
you need? How do you know
which is better?
Data Analysis Environmental Impact Categories Global Warming Potential • Gases in the atmosphere that absorb and emit radiation • Trap heat from the sun • Water vapor, CO2 , CH4 , ozone, NO2
Abiotic Depletion • Consumption of nonliving resources Human Toxicity Potential • Value that shows harms to humans from chemicals Land Use • How much land is needed
Environmental Impact Categories Continued . . . . . •
• • •
Eutrophication Increase in chemical nutrients containing nitrogen or phosphorus land or water overgrowth of plants killing organisms at bottom of water Water Use Mercury
Acidification • caused by pollution from fuels & acid rain • low pH Smog (Winter or Summer) Energy Use Solid Waste Oil . . . . . . . AND MANY MORE!!
Where Do We Go From Here? What is the purpose of all this data?? 1. Scientists can make recommendations of choices that are less impactful 2. Scientists can analyze a particular impact and focus on a solution 3. Industry & Individuals can take a closer look at how they can make a difference
