Ik<+ safy[ ksa& vkxsc<+ sa cPpks a ds fy, fy, dk;Ziq iqfLrdk ffLrdk Lrdk Lrdk
i <+ uk&fy[ uk fy[ kuk ukll h[ kuse usesa fo’ks"kl g; ksx dh dhvko’; dr kokyscP scPpksadsfy, sfy, dyj o i kB~ ; iq Lrd i j vk/kkfj r
��
��
fç; f'k{kd lkfFk;ks a d{kk 2 ls ys ysdj 5 rd dh d{kkvks a es aes i<+ i<+uk lh[kus dh 'kq:vkrh voLFkk ds cPpks a ds ds fy, ;g dk;ZiqiqfLrdk fLrdk cuk;h xbZ gS gSA yksdfe= dfe= }kjk tw u 2013 a es cPpks a dk dk i<+uk lh[k ikus dks dks c<+ kok nsus us ds fy,^lHkh fy,^lHkh cPpks dk a dk i<+uk uk lh[k ikuk] pq ukS ukSrh r h ls la Hkkouk Hkkouk dh vks j* j* iq iqfLrdk izdkf’kr dkf’kr dh xbZ FkhA blds ckn ckn 2014 aes d{kk d{kk 3 ds fy, j vkS Ldwy ckgj 10 ls 16 16 lky ds cPpks a ds fy, nks dk;Z&iq &iqfLrdk,a fLrdk,a iz izdkf’kr dh xbZ aA dbZ Ldw yks y aks vkS j vkS f'k{kk f'kfoj a es f'k{kdks f'k{kdks a us us budk cPpks a ds ds chp iz;ks ;ksx fd;k vkS j dkQh mi;ksxh xh ik;kA lkFk gh ;g Hkh eglw l fd;k x;k fd ,d lh ,s dk;ZiqiqfLrdk fLrdk dh t:jr gS ftlls ftlls cgq r gh 'kq:vkrh :vkrh cPpks a dh dh t:jrks a dk dk /;ku j[kk tk ldsA bl lq>ko >ko ds vk/kkj vk/kkj ij ;g dk;ZiqfLrdk fLrdk rS;kj ;kj dh xbZ gSA dk;ZiqiqfLrdk fLrdk aes ifj"knh; ifj"knh; ikB~;iq Lrd ^dyjo^ ds ik¡p ikBks a dks dks vk/kkj cuk;k x;k gSA bues a pkj pkj ikB d{kk&3 ds ikB~; Lrd iq ls fy;k fy;k x;k gSA d{kk&3 ds pkj pkj aes ls ls ,d ikB ^bles a D;k D;k ’kd gS^ dk ’kh"kZd cny dj ^rks rk vkS j jktk^ dj fn;k f n;k x;k gS] rkfd cPpks a dks i<+us aes lgqfy;r gks vkS j uke aes jkspdrk Hkh yxsA ^esyk^ yk^ ikB dks d{kk&2 ls fy;k fy;k x;k gSA bl ikB a es ?kVukØe ?kVukØe vkS j ik=ks a ds ds uke cny fn, x, agSA bl ikB a es d{kk&2 ds ^uUgk ^uUgk pk¡n^ uke ds ikB ds ik=ks a dks dks fy;k x;k gS] ftlls fd fd lekt dh fofo/krk f ofo/krk dks dk;ZiqfLrdk fLrdk a es LFkku LFkku fn;k tk ldsA cPpks a aes fgUnh fgUnh Hkk"kk i<+us dh dh leqfpr n{krk cuk ikuk Ldw yks y aks ds fy, ,d pq rh ukS cuh gqbZbZ gSA dqN lkyks a dh dh f’k{kk ds ckn Hkh nks&frgkbZ cPpks cPpks a dks dks ljy ikB i<+us es aes fnDdr fnDdr rh gks gSA Hkk"kk;h fodkl ls vk’k; vk’k; i<+dj le> ikus] fy[kdj vius dks dks vfHkO;Dr dj ikus ls gSA bl ekinaM ij cPps dkQh dkQh ihNs jg tkrs gS aA bldk vlj muds Ldw Ldwyh f’k{kk ds çR;s çR;sd fo"k; ij iM+ rk gS vkS j leL;k vkxs rd rd cuh jgrh gSA ;g mEehn dh tkrh gS fd fd d{kk nks ds vUr rd cPps i<+us dh dh ’kq:vkrh dq’kyrk ’kyrk cuk a ys a xs xsA blds vk/kkj ij d{kk 3 dh vkS j Åij Å ij dh d{kkvks a dh dh ikB~; Lrds iq a fodflr fodflr dj cPpks a dks dks nh tkrh agSA ijUrq cks cksypky ds ’kCnks ’kCnks a dks Hkh Hkh i<+us dh dh dfBukbZ ls tw> jgs cPpks cPpks a ds ds fy, ;s iq Lrds a mudk Ldwyh f’k{kk ls lkFkZ lkFkZd tq ko M+ M+ ugha cuk cuk ikrh agSA f’k{kd Lo;a dks dks bl ckr ds fy, etcw j ikrs gS agS fd fd mUgs a ikB~ ikB~; Lrdks iq a ds ds ikBks a dks dks Øe nj Øe] ,d , d fuf’pr le; aes iw jk iw djuk gSA bl Øe aes vf/kdka vf/kdka’k cPps f’k{kd f’k{kd ds lkFk ugha py ikrsA ikB dk udy mrkjuk rks cPps cPps lh[k tkrs agS] ;knnk’r ls ikB dks i<+ ikus dk Hkze Hkh os iSnk dj rs ns agSA ;s cPps vkxs pydj mPPk ek/;fed aes dkQh dkQh fujk’k gks tkrs gS aA lrr~ o o O;kid ewY;ka du du dk vk’k; flQZ cPpks cPpks a dk dk lh[k Lrj tkuuk u gksdj ;g Hkh gS fd lh[kus aes vk, vk, fnDdrks a ds funku ds fy, Hkh vkadyu gks ftlls ftlls cPpks a dh dh t:jr ds lkj vuq f’k{k.k dk;Z djus djus es a enn enn feysA bl Øe a es ;g ;g fopkj djuk t:jh gS fd ,d gh ikB ij fdl rjg ls f’k{k.k f’k{k.k dk;Z fd;k tk, ftlls fd cPpks a dh dh vyx&vyx t:jrks a ds lkj vuq dk;Z gks ldsA blds fy, fy, d{kk 2 j vkS Åij Å ij dh d{kkvks a aes vyx&vyx vyx&vyx lh[k Lrj ¼t:jr½ okys cPpks a dks muds muds vuq:Ik vfrfjDr fdrkcs a feyus feyus dh t:jr gSA bl Øe a es ;g ;g dk;Z&iqfLrdk fLrdk cuk;h xbZ gS gSA ifj"knh; Ldw yks y aks es aes vf/kdka vf/kdka’k cPps mu ifjokjks a ls ls vkrs gS a tgka tgka vfHkHkkod i<+uk fl[kkus es aes fo’ks fo’ks"k enn ugha dj ldrs agSA cPps lhfer ’kCn HkaMkj o cqfu;knh fu;knh n{krkvks a ¼voyksdu] Le`fr] ���
lEcU/k&cks/k] /k] oxhZdj.k] dj.k] rdZ] dYiuk vkfn½ ds lkFk lkFk Ldwy vk ldrs a gSA vr% ’kq:vkrh :vkrh d{kkvks a es aes cPpks a dks vius vius ’kCn HkaMkj o cqfu;knh n{krkvks a dks dks krs c<+ gq gq, lh[kus dk ekSdk nsuk uk t:jh gSA bl dk;ZiqifLrdk fq Lrdk a es bu bu ckrks a dk dk /;ku j[kk x;k gSA vk'kk gS fd blls jk"Vªh; ikB~;p;kZ dh #ijs[kk [kk 2005 vkS j f’k{kk vf/kdkj vf/kfu;e 2009 2009 ds vuq lkj vuq Ldwy aks es aes cPpks cPpks a dks dks ,s ls volj volj fey ik,a a xs x ftlls s ftlls fd lHkh cPps viuk Kku cuk a ik,aA yksdfe= dfe= dk;ZdrkZvks v aks ds ds }kjk cPpks a es aes i<+uk lh[kus dks dks c<+ kok nsus u dh s dh etcw r bPNk ’kfDr vkS j lr~ r iz;kl ;kl ds dkj.k dkj.k gha bl dk;ZiqfLrdk fLrdk dk cuuk la Hko Hko gks ik;k ik;k gSA yksdfe= dfe= bl iz;kl ;kl dks lQy djus nkrk nkrk LFkkvks la a vkS j vkS f’k{kkfon~ ks a dk dk vkHkkjh agSA yksdfe= dfe= mu f’k{kdks a dk dk Hkh vkHkkjh gS ftUgks aus u bl s bl jku nkS cus f’k{k.k f’k{k.k vf/kxe lkexz h dk vius Ldw Ldwy aes mi;ks mi;ksx dj ges a fopkj fopkj fn, agSA vk'kk gS ;g dk;Z&iqfLrdk fLrdk cPpks a dks i<+uk&fy[kuk fl[kkus j vkS Ldwyh y h f’k{kk ls tksM+us us aes lgk;d gksxhA xhA ;g dk;Z&iq &iqfLrdk fLrdk fdruh lgk;d jgh] ;g ges a vo’; vo’; crk,aA bl dk;Z&iqfLrdk fLrdk dks f’k{k.k f’k{k.k vf/kxe lkexz h ds uew uewus ds ds rkS j ij ysdj dj vU; jpukRed rjhds a Hkh Hkh dke aesyk;s tk tk ldrs gS agSA bUgha la laHkkoukvks a o o mEehnks a ds lkFk lkFk f’k{kdks a ds lkFkZd iz;kl ;kl aes lg;ks lg;ksxhA fiz;k ;k Hkjrh dk;ZØe Øe funs’kd] ’kd] yksdfe= dfe=
lw ph
1. 1.
Ik<+us u dh s dh rS;kjh
01
2. 2.
esyk yk
02
3. 3 3.
rk Rkks vkS j jktk
11
4. 4.
eqxkZ xkZ vkS j vkS ykseM+ e h M+
20
5. 5.
Ckkny fdlds dkdk
30
6. 6.
eq Z xs xs us us v[kckj fudkyk
39
o.kZekyk ekyk pkVZ
7. 7.
47
8. 8.
ckjg[kM+ h
48
9.. 9
'kCn w a<+<+ < +
50
lrr~ vkadyu
10.. 10
51 a
��
cPpka sl sl sdk sdk; Z &i q fL fLrdkdkbLr sek eky dj kusdh usdhfof/k f/k dk;ZiqiqfLrdk fLrdk ds ikB a es dqN okD;ks a o muls lEcfU/kr eq[; 'kCn dks ysdj i<+us u&fy[kus & s fy[kus ds vH;kl fn;s x, a gS A f'k{kd dk;ZiqiqfLrdk ds ,d ,d ikB ij 5 ls 8 fnu dke djk ldrs gSA f’k{kd dk;ZiqiqfLrdk fLrdk ij dke djkus ds oZ iw ] cPpks a dks ifj"knh; fdrkc ds ewy ikB dks lqukdj ekSf[kd f[kd ckrphr dj ldrs gS agSA blds ckn ckn dk;ZifLrdk q a es fy, fy, x, okD;ks a dks f'k{kd ';keiV~V ij fy[k dj rhu ckj i<+ dj dj lquk,a uk,aA bl jku nkS cPps f’k{kd f’k{kd dks a lqus s xa xAa fQj dqN cPpks a dks ';keiV~V ik vkdj i<+usus ds fy, fy, sizfjr fjr fd;k tk,A cPpks a dks i<+us aes enn enn fd;k tk,A vc cPpks a dks dk;Z dk;ZiqfRdk fRdk ls i<+ a s i<+A blds ckn ckn f'k{kd milew a gks aescPpks a ls ls i<+us dk dk dke djk,aA bl jku nkS f'k{kd ;g /;ku /;ku a ns fd fd cPps fdrkc aes lgh lgh txg ij maxyh j[ks aA bl jku nkS f’k{kd cPpks a dks vko';drk vko';drk lkj vuq lg;ksx a ns ftlls ftlls fd mUgs ’kCnks a a dks i<+us] ’kCnks a aes iz;qä /ofu;ks a dh igpku djus es aes enn enn feysA blds fy, fy, ’kCnks a aes iz iz;qä /ofu;ks a dks vyx&vyx dj cksyus vkS j fy[kus dk dk vH;kl fn;k x;k gSA blds ckn ckn /ofu;ks a es ae iz s iz;qä v{kj vkS j ek=kvks ek=k a vks dh dh igpku dk dke djk,aA cPpks a dks dks ,d lkFk r cgq lkjs v{kjks v{kjks a vkS j vkS ek=kvks a dks dks lh[kkus ds ctk;] ,d ikB aes dqN gh v{kj vkS j ek=k,a yh yh xbZ gS aA i<+us us es aes lgtrk lgtrk ykus ds fy, ikB aes cPpks cPpks a dh nqfu;k fu;k ds dkQh dkQh fp= fn, x, agSA cPpks a dks fp= fp= ds lgkjs lgkjs i<+us ds fy, ksizRlkfgr Rlkfgr fd;k tk,A dk;Z iqifLrdk fq Lrdk ds vUr vUr aes o.kZekyk ekyk vkS j ckjg[kM+ h fn;k x;k gSA le;≤ ij f’k{kd cPpks a dks ckjg[kM+ h aes v{kj] v{kj] j vkS /ofu;ks a ds rhdks iz a dks [kkstus tus ds ds fy, a dgsA v{kjks a ls ls 'kCn cukus ds fy, sizfjr fjr djs aA cPpks a dh lh[kus dh dh j¶rkj j vkS :fp a es fofo/krk fofo/krk dks /;ku aes j[krs j[krs gq, gjsd ikB a es ,d ,d izdkj ds lh[k lh[k dks cukus ds fy, dbZ rjg ds vH;kl fn, x, agSA bu vH;klks a ds ds ek/;e ls cPpks a dks dks ljy ls pq pq rhiw ukS .kZ . kZ fLFkfr fLFkfr aes ys ys tkus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS A fy[kus dk dk vH;kl isfUly ls djkuk djkuk T;knk csgrj gksxk xk rkfd cPps feVkdj iq u% u% vH;kl dj ik,aA vH;kl ds nkS jku nkS cPps xyrh xyrh djrs agS rks rks bls rq jUr Bhd u djok;k tk,A cPpks a dks dks Lor% xyrh a
�
1.
i<+us fy[kus dh rS;kjh
iS VuZdksvkxsc<+ k,a&
1 2 3 1 ˃
˅
˂
˄
˃
i sfUl y pyk,avkS j ,sl scuk, a&
A A A A
0
0
0
o o o Ok Ok o o o �
2.
es yk
vEeh us dgk & vkt esyk tkuk gSA luk vkSj lkfcj cgq r [kq’k gq,A luk us dgk & eS a tSdVs vkSj feBkbZ [kjhnw ¡x hA lkfcj us dgk eS a cSx vkSj bejrh ¡ywx kA 1.
Ik<+ savkS j fy[ksa
yk Eksyk Eks
Eksyk Eksyk Eksyk Eksyk Eksyk Eksyk Eksyk Eksyk
feBkbZ feBkbZ feBkbZ feBkbZ feBkbZ
feBkbZ feBkbZ feBkbZ feBkbZ feBkbZ x cSx cS
cS x
cS x
cS x
cS x
cS x
cS x
cS x
cS x
feykdj cksysavkS j fy[ksa Eks yk fe Bk bZ Eks yk fe Bk bZ Eks yk fe Bk bZ Eks yk fe Bk bZ Eks yk fe Bk bZ
2.
cS x cS x cS x cS x cS x �
3.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa
Eks Ykk fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS b
Eks Ykk fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS b
Eks Ykk fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS b
Eks Ykk Fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS B
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& b fe b f
fc
fy
fB
fx
fe fe fe
fc fc fc
fy fy fy
fB fB fB
fx fx fx
Eks Ykk fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS b 4.
Eks Ykk fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS b
b b b
Eks Ykk fe Bk bZ cS Xk Yks eS b
f f f
�
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
5.
feBkbZ
fejph
fdlku
fdrkc
feBkbZ fejph fdl ku feBkbZ fejph fdl ku cksys avkS j fy[ksa& ,s ,s S cS
6.
cS cS
,s ,s
bejrh
beyh
fdrkc bejrh beyh fdrkc bejrh beyh eS
tS
BS
dS
S S
eS eS
tS tS
BS BS
dS dS
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
7.
cSx
cSy
eSuk
,sud
FkSyk
iSlk
cS x
cS y
eS uk
, sud
FkS yk
iS lk
8.
,d t S l sdksfeyk,a
es
Yk
bZ
cS
fe
Yk
bZ
fe
Eks
iS
Ekh
Bk
Bk
Ekh
iS
yk
cS
B
Yk
B
�
ckW Dl esat ksvyx gS ] ml i j xksykyxk,a e e y r c e x y y c
9.
x x 10.
e x
B V
bZ b
b b
feykdj i
Eksyk Bsyk dsyk esjk Yksuk jsy [ksy Cksy 11.
B B
"k c
fe BkbZ fd rkc fd l ku fd okM+ fe yk b e j rh b e yh fd yk
cSx FkSyk dSe jk eSuk eSyk l Sfu d , su d cSy
i
Eksyk
Eks----------
-----------yk
Eks-----------
--------------yk
feBkbZ ---------BkbZ
------Bk------
feBk--------
fe----------bZ
----------x
cS----------
----------x
cSx
cS----------
�
12.
Lkgh’kCn ij xksykyxk,a Eksy Eys
eSy
Eksyk
feBkb
feBkbZ
feBbZ
feBb
Ckxs
Cksx
cSx
cxS
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa Eks cS yS B fy eh yk bZ E fe Bk Xk eS v yh Yk
13.
14.
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
cSx
cSy
cS x cS x
cS y eS uk , sud t S dsV FkS yk i S l k dS ejk cS y eS uk , sud t S dsV FkS yk i S l k dS ejk
feBkbZ
fdrkc
eSuk ,sud
fejph
fdlku
tSSdsV FkSyk
beyh
bejrh
iSlk
bYyh
dSejk
bykbph
feBkbZfdrkc fejph fdl ku beyh bejrh bYyh bykbph feBkbZfdrkc fejph fdl ku beyh bejrh bYyh bykbph �
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa Eks] yk] fe] Bk] cS] bZ] x] b] e] j] rh] yh] iS] FkS] yk] lk
15.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16.
bul s’kq # gksusokys’kCn fy[ksa
Ek Yk B bZ b Ck 17.
fp= dks' kCn l sfeyk, a bejrh lk iS tSdsV FkSyk bYyh ,sud beyh �
18.
fp= dsuke fy[ksa
la ca f/kr dksydhj l sfeyk,a A feBkbZ iSlk cSx esyk
19.
20.
21.
fdrkc >wyk #i;k ehBk
buesadkS u vyx gS A vyx i j xksykyxk,a A feBkbZ
Tysch
bejrh
uedikjk
cSx
FkSyk
>ksyk
cSy
feykdj okD; cuk,a
esyk
cktkj
js es
tkuk
gS
cSx
aes
nqdku
[kkuk
[kjhnuk
feBkbZ dh
IkSlk FkSyk
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------�
22.
’kCn l sokD; cuk, a
Eksyk feBkbZ FkSyk lk iS beyh fdrkc 23.
l ghi j ¼ ½dkfu’kku yxk, a A √½dk,oaxyr i j ¼ esyk aes kbZ i<+ rh gks gSA ¼ ½ esyk aes feBkbZ feyrh gSA ¼ ½ ge iSlk nsdj lkeku [kjhnrs gSaA ¼ ½ FkSyk ysdj ckpkj tkrs gSA ¼ ½
24.
okD; dksi w j kdjsa esyk aes feBkbZ feyrh -----------A esyk aes feBkbZ -------------------- gSA esyk aes -------------------- feyrh gSA esyk -------------- feBkbZ feyrh gSA
�
25.
l gh’kCn Hkjdj okD; dksi w j kdjsa A
Eksyk aes ----------------------feyrh gSA
iSlk feBkbZ f[kykSuk FkSyk
Eksyk aes ---------------------feyrk gSA ges a ---------------ysdj cktkj tkuk pkfg,A ----------------- nsdj lkeku [kjhnrs gSA 26.
okD; dksl ghdjdsfy[ksa
ns[kus esyk aeS xbZA feBkbZ aes Eksyk [kjhnhA ilUn gS Ekq>s feBkbZA feBkbZ gS yxrk ehBkA 27.
ehBhvkS j uedhu pht ksadks
Ik
dkS
h M+
Pkh
Ukh
j
L
xq
Y
Ykk
l
’k
g
N
Lks
Ekks
Tk
ys
Ch
Ok
lk
Nk
y
Ekks
B
ehBh
uedhu
��
3.
rks rk vkS j jktk
,d rk rks FkkA og ckr djrk FkkA ,d jktk vk;kA og rk rks dks egy aes ys vk;kA 1.
Ik<+ savkS j fy[ksa rk Rkks
rk Rkks
Rkksrk Rkksrk
Rkksrk Rkksrk
Rkksrk Rkksrk
Rkksrk Rkksrk
jktk
jkt k
jkt k
jkt k
jkt k
jktk
jkt k
jkt k
jkt k
jkt k
egy
egy
egy
egy
egy
egy
egy
egy
egy
egy
feykdj cksysavkS j cxy esafy[ksa Rkks rk jk tk Ek Rkks rk jk tk Ek Rkks rk jk tk Ek Rkks rk jk tk Ek Rkks rk jk tk Ek
2.
g y g y g y g y g y ��
cksys avkS j fy[ksa Rk Rk r Rkk Rkk rk Rkks Rkks rks j j j jk jk jk Tk Tk t Tkk Tkk t k Ek Ek Ek g g g Yk Yk y
3.
4.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& vk vk k rk vk k rk vk k rk vk k rk
bUgsai <+ savkS j fy[ksa jktk Ckktk
Rk Rkk Rkks j jk Tk Tkk Ek g Yk
Rk Rk Rks j jk Tk Tk Ek g Y
r rk rks j jk t tk Ek g y
Rk Rkk Rkks j jk Tk Tkk Ek g Yk
jk
Tk
ck
Fkk
jk jk jk
Tk Tk Tk
ck ck ck
Fkk Fkk Fkk
5.
kt jkt k jkt k
Ckkt Ckkt k Ckkt k
ctk
jgk
Fkk
ct ct k ct k
g jgk jgk
F Fkk Fkk ��
6.
7.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& vks Vks
S
rks
jks
Tks
cks
Yks
Vks Vks Vks
S S S
rks rks rks
jks jks jks
Tks Tks Tks
cks cks cks
Ykks Ykks Ykks
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa rk Rkks rk gks
Rkksrk
gksrk
,d t S l sdksfeyk,a Rkk Ek Rk Tk jk Ekk Tk jk Ek Rkk Ekk Rk Dl esat ksvyx gS ] ml i j 9. ck
rk Ckks
rk jks
Ckksrk
jksrk
8.
rks tks yks jks tk yk
Tkk Yk Rkks Tkks jks Ykks
xksykyxk,a
e e
e i
r r
r y
y y
y t
y y
r y
Ik i
e i
vk vk
vks vk ��
10.
feykdj i
rks rk jksrk t ksrk gksrk Rkkyk Tkkyk Ekkyk Ykkyk
jkt k vkt k Rkkt k Ekkt k vkrk Tkkrk Ykkrk gkrk
i
Ekg y gy j gy V gy Tkky Ekky Ykky Rkky
11.
12.
Lkgh’kCn ij xksykyxk,a Rkkrks rk Rkks
rks---------
---------rk
jk---------
---------tk
eg---------
---------gy
Rkrk
rk Rks
kjtk
Jktk
Jkktk
jkkTk
Ekgky
Ekyky
Egyk
Ekgy
��
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa rks Ek g jks y Rk jk Tkk ek eks tks Rk j Ykk yks gk 13.
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa rk Rkks rkj Rkkjk Rkky Rkyk Rkksy Rksyk j rks jk Rks 14.
jktk jkg 15.
jke
jkr
jkt
jkst jkstk
jkse rk jks
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
vks vk Rkks jk tk rk gks y jks gk yk yks e r tks t j ek g eks ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16.
bul s’kq # gksusokys’kCn fy[ksa
Rk j Tk Ek g Yk ��
17.
fp= dsuke fy[ksa
18.
fp= dks' kCn l sfeyk, a uy Ckktk vke Rkkyk Ekkyk Tkky Rkkjk
t ksvki l esal a ca f/kr gS a ] mUgsaydhj l sfeyk, a A rk Rkks pkHkh jktk eNyh Rkkyk gjk Rkkykc egy 19.
��
buesadkS u vyx gS \ vyx i j xksykyxk,a A jktk Rkkyk Ekyk Tkky
20.
vkrk 21.
rk Rkks
tks rk
Lkksrk
feykdj okD; cukvks
rk Rkks
egy
isM+
aes
rk gks
gS
mM+ rk
jktk
gjk
jgrk
ij
[kkrk
[kjhnk
dk
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
’kCn l sokD; cuk, a rk Rkks jktk Ekgy Tkky ekyk cktk 22.
��
23.
l ghi j ¼ ½dkfu’kku yxk, a A √½dk,oaxyr i j ¼
rks rk rks rk rks rk rks rk 24.
nkS rk M+ gSA ¼ ½ nkuk [kkrk gSA ¼ ½ ds pkj iSj rs gks gSAa ¼ ½ gjk jax dk rk gks gSA ¼ ½
okD; dksi w j kdjsa cM+ k gksf’k;kj ----------------------------- gSA cM+ k gksf’k;kj rk rks ----------------------A cM+ k ----------------------------------- rk rks gSA --------------------------- gks f’k;kj rk rks gSA
25.
l gh’kCn Hkjdj okD; dksi w j kdjsa A
rks rk -------------------jax dk rk gks gSA rks rk ---------------------------[kkrk gSA rks rk vkleku aes---------------------------gS A rks rk Vk¡;& Vk¡; -------------------------gS A
mM+ rk nkuk cksyrk gjk
okD; dksl ghdjdsfy[ksa rk gks rk rks jax dk gjk gSA [kkrk gS rk Rkks nkukA vkleku rk rks aes rk mM+ gSA Vk¡; rk rks Vk¡; gS cksyrkA 26.
��
27.
i <+ ks& bl esaD; k’kd gS
rks rk cspus okyk vk;kA og j tks ls cksykA rksrk ys yksA rks rk ys yksA cM+ k gksf’k;kj rksrk gSA vkils ckr dj ldrk gSA m/kj ls ,d jktk vk;kA mlus rs rks ls iwNk & D;k rqe ckr dj ldrs gks\ rk rks cksyk] bles a D;k 'kd gS\ jktk [kq’k gqvkA og rs rks dks egy aes ys vk;kA rks rk cspus okys vk;k] tks j&tksj ls vkokt yxk;k] rks rk ys yks rks rk] cM+ k gksf’k;kj rk] rks ckr djus okyk rk] rks m/kj ls ,d jktk vk,A rks rk ls FkksM+k cfr;k,A [kq’k gksdj rksrk dks egy aes yk,A rks rk cksyk Vk¡;&Vk¡;] jktk egy ls ckgj vk,A egy dh nhokj Å¡ph] nhokj ij cSBk rkA rks rks rk dh a pksp yky&yky] jktk ns[kdj [kq’k gks x,A rks rk dks egy aesyk,] rk rks dks nkuk f[kyk,A
��
4.
eqxkZ vkS j ykseM+h
,d eqxkZ FkkA eqxkZ isM+ ij cSBk FkkA ogk¡ ,d ykse h M+ vk;hA ykse h M+ us dgk & rqe isM + ij fdl fy, cSB gks s \ eqxkZ cksyk & eq> s tkuojks a ls Mj yxrk gSA 1.
Ik<+ savkS j fy[ksa eqxkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eq xkZ eqxkZ
ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykse h M+ yks eM+ h ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykseM+ h ykse h M+
isM+ isM+ 2.
i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+ i sM+
feykdj cksysavkS j cxy esafy[ksa Ekq xkZ
Ykks e hM+
is M+
Ekq xkZ
Ykks e hM+
is M+
Ekq xkZ
Ykks e hM+
is M+
Ekq xkZ
Ykks e hM+
is M+
Ekq xkZ
Ykks e hM+
is M+
��
3.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa Ek Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks Xkk i is Yks
4.
5.
e Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks Xkk Ik Iks Yks
e Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks xk i is ys
e Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks xk i is ys
e Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks xk i is ys
e Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks xk i is ys
e Ekq Eks Xk Xkq Xks Xkk Ik Iks Yks
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& m M
Q
eq
xq
yq
#
Ikq
M M M
Q Q Q
eq Ekq eq
xq Xkq xq
yq yq yq
# # #
Ikq Ikq Ikq
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa eqxkZ
eqxhZ
Ekqfu;k
Tkkequ
��
6.
7.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& , ,
s
es
xs
ys
js
Iks
, , ,
s s s
es Eks es
xs Xks xs
Yks Yks Yks
js js js
Iks Iks Iks
bUgsai <+ svkS j fy[ksa isM+
8.
9.
isu
isBk
Esyk
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& bZ bZ
h
Ekh
Xkh
Ykh
jh
bZ bZ bZ
h h h
Ekh Ekh Ekh
Xkh Xkh Xkh
Ykh jh Ykh jh Ykh jh
Ikh
h M+
Ikh Ikh ih
M+ h M+ h M+ h
bUgsai <+ savkS j fy[ksa& bZ ykse h M+
edM+ h
ddM+ h
ydM+ h
yhyk
Ukhyk
Xkhyk
Ikhyk
[khjk
iihrk
gkFkh
lh<+ h
��
10.
,d t S l sdksfeyk,a
Ekq Xkk Ykks Ek Iks M+ 11.
12.
xk Iks Ykks M+ Ek Ekq
Yks Ykq Eks Ikq Xks Xkq
Xks Ikq Ykq Xkq Eks Yks
ckW Dl esat ksvyx gS ] ml i j xksykyxk,a e e
e x
Rk r
r y
y y
y t
x x
e x
Ik i
o i
M+ M
M M
feykdj i <+ svkS j cxy esafy[ksa
EkqxkZ dqrkZ cqdkZ Ikqt kZ EkkxZ Q dZ r dZ
Ykkse M+ h Ykd M+ h Lkd M+ h d d M+ h Ekd M+ h Ckd jh Vksd jh
Iks M+ Hks M+ Eks M+ [ksM+ ykM+ >kM+ QkM+ ��
13.
i
eqxkZ
eqfu;k] tkequ] ldku eq ------fu;k] tk------u] -----ldku]
isM+
is k] M+ lis jk] yisVk
------M+ k] l------jk] y------Vk]
ykse h M+
yksVk] yksx] yksd
-------Vk] --------x] --------d
14.
i
eqxkZ
eq---------
---------xkZ
eq---------
---------xkZ
Ykkse h M+
Ykkse-------
Ykks--------M+ h
-------eM+ h
---------M+ h
isM+
Iks---------
------------M+
is-------------
------------M+
15.
Lkgh’kCn ij xksykyxk,a eqxkZ YkksehM+ iSM +
16.
exkZ
eqxk
ewx kZ
yseM+ h
ykse h M+
YkksefM+
s IkM+
isM+
IkM+
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
Ekq Ek hM+ d J xkZ jk
dh
Uk
Hks
Yk
tks
Iks t yks
M+
��
17.
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
eqxkZ
eqxhZ
eqfxZ;k¡
eqxZ
ykse h M+
ydM+ h
yM+dh
ddM+ h
edM+ h
cdjh
Vksdjh
isM+
isV
isu
isij
ist
jk is
isBk
18.
xeZ
xehZ
lnhZ
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
m , yks hM+ e eq gks y jks gk yk yks d ek es is j ek g eks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19.
bul s’kq # gksusokys’kCn fy[ksa
Ek Xk Yk Ek Ik
��
20.
21.
fp= dsuke fy[ksa
t ksvki l esal a ca f/kr gS a ] mUgsaydhj l sfeykvksA
eqxhZ
kxy Ta
isM+
lhZ dq
ykse h M+
vaMk
cSBuk
Qy
22.
bues al sdkS u vyx gS \ vyx i j xks ykyxk,a A ykse h M+
ck?k
HksfM+;k
eqxkZ
isM+
Qy
Mkyh
Qksu
eqxkZ
eqxhZ
Ckr[k
phVh
��
23.
feykdj okD; cukvks
eqxkZ ykse h M+
Fkk cSBk
isM+
aEks
kxy Ta
gS
Mj
jgrh
Ikj
[kkrk
Ykxrk
Dks
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------24.
’kCn l sokD; cuk, a
eqxkZ ykse h M+ isM+ j Ekks j Cks cdjh 25.
l ghi j ¼ ½dkfu’kku yxk, a A √½dk,oaxyr i j ¼ eqxkZ isM+ ij cSBk FkkA ¼ ½ ykse h M+ eqxkZ ls Mjrk gSA ¼ ½ eqxkZ ds pkj iSj rs gks gSAa ¼ ½ eqxkZ gjk xja dk rk gks gSA ¼ ½ ��
26.
okD; dksi w j kdjsa eqxkZ isM+ ij -----------------------------FkkA eqxkZ isM+ -------------------------- cSBk FkkA eqxkZ -------------------ij cSBk FkkA -------------------- isM + ij cSBk FkkA
27.
l gh’kCn Hkjdj okD; dksi w j kdjsa A
eqxkZ --------------------------cksyrk gSA eqxkZ ---------------------------[kkrk gSA ykse h M+ taxy aes---------------------------gSA Tkaxy aes -------------------------gSA 28.
nkuk dqd + Mqdw isM+ jgrh
okD; dksl ghdjdsfy[ksa
Fkk eqxkZ ,d eqxkZ gS [kkrk nkuk A ykse h M+ aes jgrh taxy gSA isM+ gS aes taxyA 29.
okD; dksBhd djdsfy[ksa vkS j i
eqxkZ ,d Fkk cSBk eqxkZ ij Fkk isM+ ,d vk;h ykse h M+ ��
30.
okD; i w j kdjsavkS j i
,d eqxkZ ---------------A eqxkZ isM+ ij -------------------- FkkA ogk¡ ,d ykse h M+ -----------------------A ykse h M+ us ------------------- & rqe isM + ij fdl fy, --------------------------- gks\ eqxkZ --------------------------- & eq>s tkuojks a ls Mj -------------------------- gSA 31.
Qyksadsuke <+ w a
p
va
xw j
Lk
vk
e
ls
ds Ykk
e
:
c
i
v
j
n
e
Ikh
Ukk
d
V
p
rk
j
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------��
5.
Ckkny fdlds dkdk
vHkh&vHkh /kwi FkhA vpkud ikuh cjlus yxkA ckny dgk¡ ls vk x, \ jt lw dgk¡ pyk x;k \ 1.
Ik<+ svkS j fy[ksa Ckkny Ckkny Lkw jt Lkw jt Ikkuh Ikkuh
2.
Ckkny Ckkny
Ckkny Ckkny
Ckkny Ckkny
Ckkny Ckkny
Lkw jt Lkw jt
Lk jt w Lk jt w
Lkw jt Lkw jt
Lkw jt Lkw jt
Ikkuh Ikkuh
Ikkuh Ikkuh
Ikkuh Ikkuh
Ikkuh Ikkuh
feykdj cksysavkS j cxy esafy[ksa Ckk n y
Lkw j t
Ikk uh
Ckk n y
Lkw j t
Ikk uh
Ckk n y
Lkw j t
Ikk uh
Ckk n y
Lkw j t
Ikk uh
Ckk n y
Lkw j t
Ikk uh
Ckk n y
Lkw j t
Ikk uh ��
3.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa
Lkw Tk J Ckk N Ykh Ikk Ukh Ukw Ikw 4.
Lkw Tk j Ckk n Ykh Ikk Ukh uw iw
Lkw Tk j Ckk n Ykh Ikk Ukh uw Ikw
Lkw Tk j Ckk n Ykh Ikk Ukh uw iw
Lkw Lkw Tk Tk j j Ckk Ckk n n Ykh Ykh Ikk Ikk Ukh Ukh uw uw i w Ikw
Lkw Tk j Ckk n Ykh Ikk Ukh uw Ikw
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& Å
Lkw
Å
w
tw
cw
nw
kYw
Lkw Lkw Lkw
Å Å Å
w w w
tw tw tw
cw cw cw
nw nw nw
Ykw Ykw Ykw
5.
bUgsai <+ savkS j fy[ksa
Lw ki
rk tw Åu mYyw w
Hkkyw vkyw j vaxw [ktw j
Lw ki t w rk Åu mYyw Hkkyw vkyw va xw j [kt w j ��
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& bZ
6.
Ikh
Lkh
Ukh
bZ
h
Ckhs
Ukh Ukh Ukh
bZ bZ bZ
h h h
Ckh Ikh Lkh Tkh jh Ykh Ckh i h Lkh Tkh jh Ykh Ckh i h l h t h jh Ykh
7.
th
jh
Ykh
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
Lkh<+ h
[khjk
Ckdjh
dqYgkM+ h
gkFkh
iihrk
ykSdh
Lkh<+ h [khjk Ckdjh dq YgkM+ h gkFkh i i hrk ykS dh 8.
i
ikuh
ikiM+ dikl
ckny
Ckky
lw jt 9.
Ck N Tk Ikk Ukh Yk
ckyw
iklk
-------iM+ d-------l
-------lk
v[kckj
-------y
-------yw v[k-------j
lwt h
-------[kk
-------i
Lkw[ kk ki Lw
-------th
,d t S l sdksfeyk,a Ik Tk Yk Ukh Ckk n
lw tw tq fy lq fn
Tkw Ykh Tkq nh Lkw Lkq ��
10.
11.
ckDl esat ksvyx gS ] ml i j xksykyxk,a l l
[k l
g g
g y
y y
y t
j j
r j
Ik i
x i
u u
e e
feykdj i
Lkwj t Ekwj r Tw krk [kwVk CkwVk VwVk [kt wj Ekl wj 12.
Ckkn y dkt y Ckn y Ekg y V gy Lkky nky Ckky
Ikkuh Ukkuh jkuh Ekkuh Ukhyk jhuk uu Ekhuk
i
Ckkny Lkw jt Ikkuh
Ckk--------y
Ckkn----------
Lkw- ------------t Lkw j---------- Ikk-----------
----------uh
---------ny
Ckk---------------
-----------jt Lkw- ------------------------uh Ikk----------------
��
13.
Lkgh’kCn ij xksykyxk,a Ckny
Ckkny
Ckyn
Cknyk
Lkw jt
jt Lkq
Lkwt j
Lkqtj
Ikkfu
Ikuh
Ikkuh
Ikfu
14.
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
Lkw Yk
Ckk
Ik
N
j
Tk
jh
Ckh
nw Uk
Ck
Å
Uk
15.
Ukh bZ
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
Ckkny dkty Cky
Lkw jt Lkw[ kk
Ikkuh
Ukkuh
nky cny dky tky yky
Ckkn
Lkwi
Lwkth [ktw j elw j ewy h
iw h M +
Tkwyh
jkuh
ekuh
ehuk
yhuk
uhyk
jhuk
Ukhuk
��
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
16.
vks vk ck jk n t lw j y ik uh uk nk yk tks t j bZ Å ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
bul s’kq # gksusokys’kCn fy[ksa
17.
Ik Uk Yk Lk j Tk 18.
fp= dsuke fy[ksa
��
19.
fp= dks' kCn l sfeyk, a Ckdjh krk Tw ykSdh [khjk Hkkyw Åu gkFkh va j xw
20.
t ksvki l esal a ca f/kr gS a ] mUgsafeyk,a A
Lkw jt
Ckjlk
Ckkny
fudyk
Ikkuh
pedk
fctyh
Xkjtk
21.
buesadkS u vyx gS \ vyx i j xksykyxk,a A
Lkw jt Ckkny
/kwi Ckjlkr
xehZ
B.Mk
Lkw[ kk
Ikkuh ��
22.
feykdj okD; cukvks
Lkw jt
/kwi
Ckjl
jgk
Ikhrs
Ikkuh
a Eks
Ckkny
fudy
uhyk
Nk;k gS
Ektk vkrk
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------23.
’kCn l sokD; cuk, a
Lkw jt Ikkuh Ckkny /kwi Ukkuh 24.
l ghi j ¼ ½dkfu’kku yxk, a A √½dk,oaxyr i j ¼
lw jt xksy rk gks gSA ¼ ½ lw jt ls cjlkr rk gks gSA ¼ ½ ckny ls cjlkr rk gks gSA ¼ ½ ckny jt lw dks
okD; dksi w j kdjsa ckny ls ----------------------- rk gks gSA ckny ------------ cjlkr rk gks agSA ckny ls ----------------------- rk gks gSAa ------------- ls ------------------- rk gks gSAa ��
26.
l gh’kCn Hkjdj okD; dksi w j kdjsa A
lw jt -------------- rk gks gSA
Xkksy cjlkr
lw jt ls ----------------- feyrh gSA ckny ls ------------------ rk gks gSA ckny jt lw dks ----------------- rk ys gSA 27.
okD; dksl ghdjdsfy[ksa
rk gks jt lw xksy gSA lw jt rk gks ls jks’kuh gSA ckny rk gks cjlkr ls gSA
fp= dsuke fy[ksa A
Ikk--------
29.
t------
vk-------
uk-------
ik----
lw -----
i kuhdsl zksrksadks<+ w a
ck
Ok
h M+
>h
fj
Lkk
dq vk¡
’k
Lks x
Pk
Uk
g
j
Ykk
’ek
nh
Vk¡
Ukk
c
>
u y Rkk
��
6.
eqx Zs dk v[kckj
eqxs Z us v[kckj fudkykA v[kckj dk uke ^dqdM+ w ¡dw^ j[kkA eqxs Z us dkSo dh s [kcj NkihA dkSvk dkyk dSl gq s vkA 1.
Ik<+ savkS j fy[ksa
eq xkZ eq xkZ
eqxkZ eqxkZ v[kckj
v[ kckj dkSvk dkSvk 2.
eq xkZ eq xkZ
eq xkZ eq xkZ
eq xkZ eq xkZ
v[kckj v[kckj v[kckj v[kckj v[kckj v[kckj v[kckj v[kckj dkS vk dkS vk dkS vk dkS vk dkS vk dkS vk dkS vk dkS vk
feykdj cksysavkS j fy[ksa Ekq xkZ
v [k ck j
dkS vk
Ekq xkZ
v [k ck j
dkS vk
Ekq xkZ
v [k ck j
dkS vk
Ekq xkZ
v [k ck j
dkS vk
Ekq xkZ
v [k ck j
dkS vk
��
3.
cksys avkS j fy[ksa Ekq xkZ V [k Ckk j dkS Vk ckS ekS
4.
Ekq xkZ V [k Ckk J dkS Vk ckS ekS
Ekq xkZ v [k Ckk j dkS vk ckS ekS
Ekq xkZ V [k Ckk J dkS Vk ckS ekS
Ekq xkZ v [k Ckk j dkS vk ckS ekS
Ekq xkZ v [k Ckk j dkS vk ckS ekS
Ekq xkZ v [k Ckk j dkS vk ckS ekS
cksys avkS j fy[ksa& vkS dkS vkS kS ckS
jkS
ekS
[kkS
xkS
dkS dkS dkS dkS dkS
jkS jkS jkS jkS jkS
ekS ekS ekS ekS ekS
[kkS [kkS [kkS [kkS [kkS
xkS xkS xkS xkS xkS
vkS vkS vkS vkS vkS
kS kS kS kS kS
ckS ckS ckS ckS ckS
��
5.
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
dkSvk vkSjr
pkSykbZ
dkS vk vkS jr dkS vk vkS jr dkS vk vkS jr
pkS ykbZ pkS ykbZ pkS ykbZ
6.
vkStkj
ykSdh
l kS l kS l kS
vkS t kj vkS t kj vkS t kj
ykS dh ykS dh ykS dh
,d t S l sdksfeyk,a
Ekq XkkZ d Ek [k Ck 7.
lkS
xkZ Ck [k d Ek Ekq
xk j dks vk ew dkS
t ksvyx gSml i j xksykyxk,a e e c "k e x c c x x
e x
d d
o d
dkS vk Ekw dks j xk
[k [k
[k l
v v v Å
��
8.
feykdj i <+ svkS j cxy esafy[ksa
EkqxkZ dqrkZ cqdkZ Ikqt kZ EkkxZ Q dZ r dZ 9.
dkSvk dkSu vkSj r vkSt kj ukSdk ekSdk pkSdk
v [kckj v [kkM+ k v [kjksV v n j [k [kc j [ kjkc Ckj [kk
i
eqxkZ
eq---------
---------xkZ
eq---------
---------xkZ
v[kckj v---------ckj v[k--------------j ---------[kckj v[kck------------dkSvk 10.
dkS----------------
-----------vk dkS---------------
--------------vk
Lkgh’kCn ij xksykyxk,a eqxkZ
exkZ
Ekqxk
ewx kZ
v[kcj
v[kckj
vcj[k
v[kkcj
dkSok
dkSvk
dks ok
dksvk
��
11.
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
Ekq Ek vkS
j
Ck
xkZ jk
Tk
Uk
Yk
dkS
Rk
D
[k
yks
dk
12.
i <+ savkS j fy[ksa
eqxkZ
rkZ dq
v[kckj [kcj dkSvk
13.
vkS j
cqdkZ
ckj lh ekS
iqtkZ
Ckk?k lkS
Ekqfu;k
tkequ
v[kkM+ k vkjh vkStkj
Ekqfu;k jcj
ykSdh
pkSykbZ
bul s’kCn cuk,avkS j fy[ksa
m , yks hM+ e eq gks y jks gk yk yks d ek es is j g eks -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
��
bul s’kq # gksusokys’kCn fy[ksa
14.
V [k d Ek Ck Xk 15.
fp= dsuke fy[ksa
Ekqfu------16.
vkS------- ---------ykbZ
-----------equ
t ksvki l esal a ca f/kr gS a ] mUgsaydhj l sfeyk, a A
eqxhZ v[kckj dkSvk eqxkZ 17.
----------tkj ykS------------
qdqd w M+ dw dk¡o&dk¡o vaMk [kcj
buesadkS u vyx gS \ vyx i j xksykyxk,a A v[kckj
fdrkc
dkWih
dye
isM+
Qy
Mkyh
Qksu
eqxkZ
eqxhZ
Ckr[k
phVh ��
18.
feykdj okD; cukvks
eqxkZ gS
dkSvk Uks
v[kckj aEks ge
fudkyk
Nih [kcj
rs Ik<+ dk¡o&dk¡o dq w dM+d w Ckksyrk
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19.
’kCn l sokD; cuk, a
eqxkZ v[kckj dkSvk [kcj Ukke 20.
l ghi j ¼ dkfu’kku yxk,a A x½ √½dk,oaxyr i j ¼ eqxkZ v.Mk rk ns FkkA ¼ ½ v[kckj aes [kcj Nirh gSA ¼ ½ eqxkZ ds pkj iSj rs gks gSAa ¼ ½ v[kckj ugha i<+uk pkfg,A ¼ ½
21.
okD; dksi w j kdjsa v[kckj aes ------------------ Nirh gSA v[kckj aes [kcj ------------------- gSA ------------------------ a es [kcj Nirh gSA v[kckj ------------- [kcj Nirh -----------A ��
22.
l gh’kCn Hkjdj okD; dksi w j kdjsa A
eqxkZ --------------------------cksyrk gSA eq Z x s us ----------------------------------------fudkykA v[kckj aes --------------------------Nih gSA ges a v[kckj -------------------------pkfg,A 23.
v[kckj dqd + Mqdw [kcj i<+uk
okD; dksl ghdjdsfy[ksa
Fkk eqxkZ ,dA v[kckj us fudkyk Z eqxsA [kcj dh Nih dkSvk gSA x;k dSl s dkSvk gks dkykA
24-Ikf{k; ksadsuke dks<+ w a
U
d
eS
Ukk
fM+
Rh
Ckw dkS
;k
Ck
Rk
d
Eks
rks
Rk
vk
lk
dks
j
j
;
N
L
Yk
��
7.
v
o.kZ ekyk pkVZ - Loj] ek=k vkSj O;atu
vk k D P V R I ; 'k {k M+
b
bZ
m
f
h
q
[k N B Fk Q j "k = <+
Å
, W
,s s
Xk Tk M N Ck Yk Lk K
vks S
ks
vkS va
v%
kS
%
?k > < /k Hk o g
a M¥ .k Uk Ek
o.kZ ekykpkVZns[kdj l h[ksgq , Loj vkS j ek=kdksfy[ksa
o.kZ ekykpkVZns[kdj l h[ksgq , O ;a t u dksfy[ksa
��
8.
v
b
bZ
m
k
f
h
q
dk
fd
dh
dq
dw ds
dS dks dkS
[k [kk f[k [kh [kq
[kw [ks
[kS [kks [kkS [ka [k%
d
vk
ckjg[kM+ h Å
, W
,s s
Xks
vks S
ks
vkS va
v%
kS
a
%
da
d%
Xk
Xkk
fXk
Xkh
Xkq Xkw
?k
?kk
f?k
?kh
?kq
?kw ?ks ?kS
?kks ?kkS
?ka ?k%
Pk
Pkk
fPk
Pkh
Pkq
Pkw Pks PkS
Pkks PkkS
Pka Pk%
N
Nk
fN
Nh
Nq Nw
t
Tk
ft
Tkh
tq
>
>k
f>
>h
>q >w
V
Vk
fV
Vh
B
Bk
fB
M
Mk
<
Ns
tw ts
XkS Xkks XkkS
NS
Xka Xk%
Nks NkS Na
tS tks tkS
N%
ta
t%
>s
>S
>ks >kS >a
>%
Vq
Vw Vs
VS
Vks
VkS
Va
V%
Bh
Bq
Bw Bs
BS
Bks
BkS
Ba
B%
fM
Mh
Mq
Mw Ms
MS
Mks MkS
Ma
M%
f<
<%
r
Rk
fr
Rkh
rq
rw rs
rS
rks
rkS
ra
r%
Fk
Fkk
fFk
Fkh
Fkq
Fkw Fks FkS
Fkks FkkS
Fka Fk%
n
nk
fn
nh
nq
nw ns
nS
nks
na
/k
/kk
f/k
/kh
/kq
/kw /ks
/kS /kks /kkS
/ka /k%
u
Uk
fu
Ukh
uq
uw us
uS
ua
uks
nkS ukS
n% u% ��
i
Ik
fi
Ikh
iq
iw
is
iS
Q
Qk
fQ
Qh
Qq
Qw Qs
c
Ckk
fc
Ckh
cq
cw
Hk
Hkk
fHk
Hkh
Hkq
Hkw Hks
HkS Hkks HkkS
e
Ekk
fe
Ekh
eq
ew es
eS
eks
ekS kEa
;
;k
f;
;h
;q ;w
;S
;ks
;kS
;a
;%
j
jk
fj
jh
#
:
js jS
jks
jkS
ja
j%
y
Ykk
fy
Ykh
yq
Ykw
ys yS
yks ykS kYa y%
o
Okk
fo
Okh
oq
Okw os
’k
’kk
f’k
’kh
’kq ’kw
"k
"kk
f"k
"kh
"kq
l
Lkk
fl
Lkh
lq lw
g
gk
fg
gh
gq
gw
{k
{kk
f{k
{kh
{kq
{kw {ks
=
=k
f=
=h
=q
=w =s =S
K
Kk
fK
Kh
Kq Kw
cs
iks QS
cS
;s
’ks
oks
ckS kCa
lS gS
gkS
{kS {kks {kkS KS
=ks =kS
c% e%
o% ’k%
"ka "k%
lks lkS la gks
Q%
Hka Hk%
okS kOa
"kS "kks "kkS
ls
Ks
i%
’kS ’kks ’kkS ’ka
"kw "ks gs
ia
Qks QkS Qa cks
oS
ikS
ga
l% g%
{ka {k% =a
=%
Kks KkS Ka
K%
��
9.
'kCn <+ wa<+s
¼cky if=dk pded ls lkHkkj½
��
10. lrr~
vkadyu
dq ’ky i kBd cuusdsfy, vko’; d n{krk; savkS j mudkvka dyu ¼voLFkk & ’kq:vkrh &
e/; &
csgrj &
n{krkds{s = vkS j ekgokj @=S ekl okj i zxfr i gy
nw lj
½
rhl j pkS F
1 2 3
ifjfpr ’kCnks a dks fp= dh rjg i<+ ikukA ’kCnks a dh /ofu;ks a dks vyx&vyx dj cksy ikukA vyx&vyx /ofu;ks a dks feykdj ’kCn cksy ikukA 4 /ofu;ks a ds o.kks a Z o ek=kvks a dks igpku ikukA 5 o.kks a Z dks igpku ikuk] lqu dj fy[k ikukA 6 o.kks a Z j vkS v{kjks a ls ;k mudks feykdj ’kCn cuk ikukA 7 ckjg[kM+ h ds vf/kdka’k /ofu;ks a dks mPpkj.k ds lkFk igpku ikuk j vkS lqu dj fy[k ikukA 8 u;s ’kCnks a dks Hkh fcuk fgTTks yxk;s i<+ ikukA 9 ifjfpr 'kCn ls okD; cuk ikukA 10 okD;ks a dks okD;ka’k aes i<+ukA 11 okD;@iS jkxz kQ i<+dj D;k] dc] dkSu dgka loky ds tokc ns ikukA
i <+ ukl h[kusesal gk; d dq ’kyrkvksadkvka dyu l gk; d dq ’kyrk; savkS j ekgokj @=S ekl okj i zxfr
i gy nw l j rhl j pkS F
1
vkd`fr;ks a dk ckjhd voyksdu dj ikuk] rj va a
9 10 11 12 13
vuqeku yxkukA rqdcanh vkS j y;c) dj /ofu;ks a ls [ksy ikuk fopkj djuk] euu djuk] [kqn ls a ckrs djukA ftKklq gksuk] iz’u iwN ukA dkYifud ckrs a lksp ikukA dYiuk djukA dYiuk’khyrkA 14 cPpks a ls lgt fj’rk gksukA 15 f’k{kdks a ls lgt fj’rk gksukA
i <+ ukl h[kusdh: fp; ksadkvka dyu 1 i<+u s dh :fp gksuk 2 i<+uk lh[kuk mi;ksxh yxuk i<+u s dh bPNk gksuk
i <+ ukl h[kusdsfy, l eq fpr vol j 1 i<+us ds fy, :fpdj lkexz h gksukA 2 mi;ksx ds fy, i<+us dh lkexz h gksukA 3 i<+ dj lqukus dks c<+ kok feyukA 4 i<+ dj lqukus dh t:jr iM+ukA
��
o.kZ ekykl h[kusesaizxfr dkfjdkMZpkVZ Loj vkS j ek=k
O ;a tu
��