OUTLINE: I. Common & Proper Tools Needed II. Basic Electronics III. Parts Familiarization & Function IV. Desktop & Laptop/Notebook Comparison V. Laptop/Notebook Advantages & Disadvantages VI. How To Remove, Replace & Upgrade Laptops/Notebooks Parts VII. How To Assemble & Re-assemble Laptop/Notebook VIII. Troubleshooting Laptop/Notebook Problems & Solutions IX. Tips, Tricks & Techniques X. Preventive Maintenance XI. BIOS XII. FAQ
I.
COMMON & PROPER TOOLS NEEDED: TOOLS NEEDED FOR LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK DIS-ASSEMBLY, RE-ASSEMBLY, PARTS UPGRADE, PARTS REPLACEMENT, TROUBLESHOOT AND REPAIR -
Wrist grounding strap and conductive mat for preventing electrostatic discharge Small Philips screw driver Philips screw driver Flat head screwdriver Plastic flat head screw driver
- Hex screw driver - Tweezers - Guitar Pick (Heavy)
-
Screws container Ballpen Notepad Documentation
OTHER TOOLS: FOR CLEANING, TROUBLESHOOTING & REPAIR - Analog/Digital Multimeter
- Desoldering Pump
- Soldering Iron - Soldering Stand
-
- Soldering Paste
- Soldering Lead
Paintbrush Toothbrush Paperclip Eraser
SET OF FLAT HEAD SCREW DRIVER
SET OF TWEEZER
SET OF HEX SCREW
SET OF PHILIP SCREW
LONGNOSE, CUTTER & PLIER
ALL IN ONE PACKAGE
GUITAR PICK (HEAVY)
DIGITAL & ANALOG MULTIMETER
PLASTIC CONTAINER FOR SCREW
ERASER
TOOTHBRUSH
SOLDERING SET
PAINTBRUSH
PAPER CLIP
SOFTWARE & UTILITIES MUST HAVE Start-up or bootable disk Operating system
Anti-virus Anti-spyware Application software System diagnostic utility Data back-up utility Driver back-up utility
II.
Data recovery utility Hardware utility Hard drive partition utility System monitoring utility Registry utility
Dead pixel utility Updated hardware drivers collections
BASIC ELECTRONICS: VOM Multimeter is used to measure electrical resistance, direct current (DC) voltage, or alternating current (AC) voltage and Resistance (Ω).
CAUTION! - Always check your selector switch before testing components & electrical sources. - Set to specific type of voltage range (AC or DC) and always set to a much higher voltage than the actual voltage output. - Always check your positive (+) & negative (-) probe when testing DC voltage. AC Voltage Test = no polarity ( AVR output, wall outlet, UPS output, power cable connected to
wall outlet etc.) DC Voltage Test = with polarity (laptop battery, CMOS battery, desktop power supply connector pins, AC adaptor connector etc.) Continuity test = no polarity & not connected to circuit (power cable, switch, fuse, wire, speaker, power jack connector, transformer etc.) Resistance test (Ω ohms) = with polarity ( diode, transistor, electrolytic capacitor etc.)
POWER CONNECTOR OF AN AC ADAPTOR
Commonly Used Connector Not Commonly Used
Voltage output measured near to voltage specs. means the AC Adapter is good.
End (Tip) to End (Tip) Test - No deflection means the wire is open (bad) - With deflection means the wire is good
X1
With deflection means the fuse is good
No deflection means the fuse is bad (wire is open)
No deflection at all in any of the two contact terminal means the Power Jack is bad (Open) With deflection in any one of the two contact terminal means the Power Jack is good
III.
PARTS FAMILIARIZATION & FUNCTION FRONT VIEW
RIGHT PANEL
LEFT PANEL
REAR PANEL
BOTTOM VIEW
LOCK KEYS The keyboard has 3 lock keys w/c you can toggle on & off.
TOUCHPAD The built-in touchpad is a pointing device that senses movement on its surface. This means the cursor responds as you move your finger on the surface of the touchpad. The central location on the palmrest provides optimal comfort and
support.
1 = Left Click Button NOTE: If you are using an external USB mouse, you can press Fn- 2 = 4-Way Scroll Key Button F7 3 = Right Click Button to disable the touchpad.
PARTS OF THE LCD SCREEN DISPLAY 1. LCD bezel/rear cover 2. LCD hinge/bracket with antenna
3. LCD cable 4. Wi-Fi antenna
5. LCD inverter/LED card
6. LCD panel
7. Backlight (CCFL)
8. Frame 9. Digitizer 10.Transparent PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Keyboard bezel middle cover Keyboard bezel upper case Optical drive (UltraBay Plus CD/DVD) UltraBay Plus guide rail Microphone cable 6. Communications daughter card (CDC)
7. Bluetooth/modem
8. I/O bracket 9. 10. 11. 12.
Mini PCI access door Main battery (Li-ion) Backup (CMOS) battery DIMM access door
13. Speakers 14. Lower case
15. Bluetooth antenna
16. DDR SODIMM 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
802.11a/b Wi-Fi wireless card Motherboard CPU (Pentium M processor) Hard disk guide rails PC Card/CardBus slot CPU heatsink/fan Hard disk drive with tray Hard disk drive access cover
25. Keyboard
26. TrackPoint cap
27. Hinge cap
a. Communications daughter card (CDC) plate b. Modem cable c. Motherboard chipset heatsink d. Video chipset heatsink
Simple diagram that will help you to understand how a Laptop/Notebook display assembly works and how an image appears on the screen.
VIDEO CABLE A video signal from the motherboard goes to the LCD screen through the video cable. The video cable connects to the motherboard (or video card) through the connector 1. The video cable connects to the LCD screen through the connector 2. The video cable (in most cases) is also responsible for supplying a necessary voltage for the FL inverter board. The video cable connects to the FL inverter board at the point 3.
FL INVERTER BOARD This board is responsible for converting low voltage DC power (point 3) to high voltage AC (point 4), necessary to light up the backlight bulb.
CCFL (backlight bulb) – Cold Cathode Flourescent Lamp When the backlight bulb lights up, you can see an images on the LCD screen.
LID CLOSE SWITCH The lid close switch is a small button that locates close to the display hinges. On some newer models there is no button, because the switch is magnetic. You can set up your laptop to go to a hibernation mode or to a standby mode when the LCD is closed. It’s done through power management software. These modes are triggered when the display is closed and the lid close switch is pressed down.
COMPLETE HARDWARE PARTS OF A LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK
LCD SCREEN VIDEO FLEX CABLE
LAPTOP LI-ION BATTERY
HIGH CAPACITY EXTERNAL UNIVERSAL LI-ION BATTERY PACK
AC ADAPTOR It provides power to the system and recharges the batteries when they are low. It comes with a detachable power cord. It encloses 2-pin or 3-pin plug type. Because in its universal, it can receive a range of AC voltage from 100 – 240 volts.
UNIVERSAL POWER ADAPTER
EXPRESS CARD ADAPTERS
PC CARD OR CARDBUS
LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK COOLING PAD
DOCKING STATION & PORT REPLICATOR
IV.
DESKTOP AND LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK COMPARISON DESKTOP
DESKTOP SYSTEM UNIT
CRT
LAPTOP
LAPTOP SYSTEM UNIT
LCD
DESKTOP MONITOR
LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
DESKTOP KEYBOARD
LAPTOP KEYBOARD
DESKTOP PROCESSOR
LAPTOP PROCESSOR
DESKTOP MOTHERBOARD
3.5” IDE 40 PINS
LAPTOP MOTHERBOARD
2.5” IDE 44 PINS
DESKTOP HARDISK
LAPTOP HARDISK
200 PINS SODIMM PINS
DDR2 240 PINS DIMM DDR1 184 PINS DIMM
DESKTOP MEMORY
214 PINS MICRO SODIMM
LAPTOP MEMORY INTERNAL WIRELESS CARD WIMAX PC CARD (WIFI CARD) WIRELESS LAN PCMCIA
CARD
DESKTOP PCI LAN CARD
LAPTOP LAN CARD
DESKTOP VIDEO CARD
LAPTOP VIDEO CARD
PCI INTERNAL MODEM INTERNAL MICRO PCI MODEM
PCMCIA MODEM
DESKTOP MODEM
LAPTOP MODEM
DESKTOP CD-ROM DRIVE
LAPTOP CD-ROM DRIVE AC ADAPTOR LI-ION BATTERY PACK
DESKTOP BTX POWER SUPPLY
LAPTOP POWER SUPPLY
DESKTOP CPU HEATSINK FAN (HSF)
LAPTOP CPU HSF
DESKTOP OPTICAL MOUSE
LAPTOP TOUCHPAD FLEX TYPE RIBBON TYPE
DESKTOP VGA CABLE
LAPTOP VGA CABLE
DESKTOP CMOS BATTERY
LAPTOP CMOS BATTERY
PCI EXPRESS SLOT
PCI SLOT
DESKTOP PCI SLOT
LAPTOP MICRO PCI SLOT
V.
LAPTOP/NOTEBOOK ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES
ADVANTAGES Portabilit y Flexibilit y Light in weight
DISADVANTAGES
Speed Little bit expensive
Limited Hardware Upgrade or not easily upgraded Greater Risk of being loss & stolen Greater Risk of being damage Not ergo for extensive typing Limited hardware availability
Low-Energy Consumption
Built-in UPS Integrated Design
Repair cost are expensive
Not easy to isolate or swap parts for troubleshooting
Upgradeable Laptop System Components Component
Upgradeable
Motherboard
No
CPU
Yes
Memory
Yes
Video adapter/chipset Video display Keyboard/pointing device
Hard disk Removable-media drives (floppy, CD/DVD, CDRW/DVD+-RW) USB, IEEE 1394 (FireWire/i.LINK), serial
(RS-232), parallel (IEEE 1284), SCSI, and so on 10/100/1000Mbps Ethernet LAN Wireless 802.11a/b/g (Wi-Fi), Bluetooth
No 1
No
2
No
Yes
Notes Nonstandard form factors prevent internal upgrades. Installing a faster CPU of the same type and model is usually possible; however, there can be limitations due to voltage,
thermal, and/or BIOS support issues, and clock speed increases will normally be small. Normally, only one or two SIMM/DIMM sockets are available. You may need to remove lower-capacity existing modules to upgrade. Video is integrated into a non-upgradeable motherboard.
Nonstandard form factors and connections prevent internal upgrades. Nonstandard form factors and connections prevent internal upgrades. Older systems might not have BIOS support for drives larger than 8.4GB. Many systems are limited to 9.5mm- or 12.5mmthick drives. Drive trays or caddies are often required for installation.
Yes
Install these internally via modular bays or use external USB or IEEE 1394 (FireWire/i.LINK) drives.
Yes
Install these via PC Card/CardBus or ExpressCard adapters.
Yes
Install this via a PC Card or CardBus adapters.
Yes
Install these via PC Card, CardBus, Mini PCI (internal) cards, or mobile daughter cards (MDCs). Internal cards may require preinstalled antennas.
1. It is normally possible to connect an external display and use it in lieu of or in addition to the existing internal display. 2. It is normally possible to connect an external keyboard and/or pointing device to use in lieu of or in addition to the existing internal devices.
