Laporan Praktikum Sosis(Done)

LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN PANGAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN SUSU SOSIS

Oleh :  Nama  NRP  No Meja !elom"o# $a%&&al Pr Pra#'i#um )*i*'e% $a%&& $a%&&al al Pe%&u Pe%&um" m"ula% ula%

: Syifa Nurul Fauzia : 143020307 : 5 (Lima :!   : 2 2 )" )"ril 20 2017 : +o*i ,er'ia%'o-S$ : 2. )"ril )"ril 2017 2017

LABORATORIUM TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN PANGAN PROGRAM STUDI TEKNOLOGI PANGAN FAKULTAS FAKULTAS TEKNIK TEK NIK UNIVERSITAS PASUNDAN BANDUNG 2017

I.

Tujuan juan Per Per!" !"aa aan n

/%'u# ier*ifi#a*i ier*ifi#a*i "rou# "rou# olaha% "a%&a% a&i%&a&i%&- u%'u# me%&ae'#a% me%&ae'#a% a&i%& a'au me%i%&#a'#a% aya 'aha%- me%amah %ilai e#o%omi* a&i%& a% ju&a u%'u# me%&e'ahui ara "emua'a% *o*i* II. II.

Pr#n Pr#n$# $#% % Per Per!"aa !"aan n

6era* 6era*ar# ar#a% a% "ro*e* "ro*e* curing   yai'u %i'ra' a% %i'ri' ya%& eri#a'a% e%&a% myo&l myo&loi oi% % "aa "aa a&i%& a&i%& *ehi%&& *ehi%&&aa meme% meme%'u# 'u# %i'ro*o %i'ro*om m a% %i'ro# %i'ro#rom roma&e a&e% % #emuia% "e%amaha% umu *ehi%&&a me%&ha*il#a% "rou# ya%& "aa' a% #e%yal III.

Ru&u$

'

Bahan formu formulas lasii x basis basis =

 produk   produk 

=

w produk  x 100 w basis basis

IV. D#a(ra& A)#r Daging ayam/sapi

Air bersih

Pencucian

Dressing

Air kotor  Tulang dan kulit

Penimbangan !aram" senda#a dan gula

%s batu

Curing  T=4-5oC t=24am Penggilingan $

 Tapioka" skim" lemak putih" gula" garam" pala" corned asap cair

Penggilingan $$ casing

Pengisian

Pengikatan

Penggantungan

Pengukusan  T=&''oC t=(' menit

)ap air

Penimbangan *osis ayam/sapi

amar 1 8ia&ram )lir Pemua'a% So*i*

V. F!*! Pr!$e$

8a&i%& ayam a% 8a&i%& *a"i

Pe%&&ili%&a% 9

Pe%&&ili%&a% 99

Pe%&i*ia% "aa casing 

Pe%&u#u*a%

Pe%&&a%'u%&a% Pere%ama% e%&a% a*a" air 

So*i* amar 2 Fo'o Pro*e* Pemua'a% So*i*

Pe%&i#a'a%

VI. Ha$#) Pen(a&a*an

$ael 1 ,a*il Pe%&ama'a% Pemua'a% So*i* Ke*eran(an

6a*i* 6aha% /'ama

6aha% $amaha% 6era' Prou#  Prou# Or&a%ole"'i#  1 =ar%a 2 Ra*a 3 )roma 4 $e#*'ur  5 !e%am"a#a% amar Prou# 

Ha$#)

200 &ram 8a&i%& ayam(32-30-a&i%& *a"i(30-07 'a"io#a(7-30 a% S$PP(0-34 ;* a'u(10- &aram(2- meria(0-23mi%ya# *ayur(5- aa%& "u'ih(1-5- aa%&  omay(3-.-#u%i%& 'elur(2-<3 "ala(0-57- *#im(3 a% a*a" air(1 1<0 &ram .0 >o#la' mua !ha* *o*i* !ha* *o*i* Paa' a% #e%yal Me%ari#

(Sumer : Meja 5- !elom"o# !- 2017 VII.

Pe&"a+a$an

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ieri umu?umu- ima*u##a% #e alam

 "emu%&#u* ya%& eru"a u*u* hea% a'au "emu%&#u* ua'a%- e%&a% a'au 'ia#  ima*a# Me%uru' !ramlih (1.71 alam FiGhi (200.- *o*i* aalah ma#a%a% ya%& iua' ari a&i%& ya%& i&ili%& a% iumui- umum%ya ie%'u# me%jai  e%'u# ya%& *ime'ri* (FiGhi- 200. $era"a' 'i&a je%i* a*i%& ya%& *eri%& i&u%a#a% alam "emua'a% *o*i*yai'u alami- #ola&e%- *er'a *elulo*a >a*i%& alami ia*a%ya 'erua' ari u*u* alami hea% >a*i%& i%i mem"u%yai #eu%'u%&a% a"a' ima#a%- er&izi 'i%&&i- a% mele#a' "aa "rou# !eru&ia% "e%&&u%aa% a*i%& i%i aalah "rou# 'ia# ae' >a*i%& #ola&e% ia*a%ya eraha% a#u ari #uli' hea% e*ar !eu%'u%&a% ari  "e%&&u%aa% a*i%& i%i aalah a"a' iar%ai- ia* ima#a%- a% mele#a' "aa  "rou# >a*i%& *elulo*a ia*a%ya eraha% a#u "ul" !eu%'u%&a% a*i%& *elulo*a aalah a"a' ie'a# a'au iar%ai a% murah >a*i%& *elulo*a *a%&a' #era* a% ia%jur#a% u%'u# 'ia# ima#a% Saa' i%i 'elah i#ema%&#a% "oly ami a*i%&yai'u a*i%& ya%& 'erua' ari "la*'i# >a*i%& je%i* i%i 'ia# ia* ima#a%- a"a'

iua' er"ori a'au 'ia#- e%'u# a% u#ura%%ya a"a' ia'ur- 'aha% 'erhaa"  "a%a*- a% a"a' ie'a# Me%uru' !ramlih (1.71- aa lima maam *elo%&*o%& ya%& ia*a i&u%a#a% alam "emua'a% *o*i*- yai'u: 1 *elo%&*o%& ya%& 'erua' ari u*u* hea%- 2 *elo%&*o%& ya%& 'erua' ari #ola&e%- 3 *elo%&*o%& ya%& 'erua' ari *elulo*a-4 *elo%&*o%& ya%& 'erua' ari "la*'i#- 5 *elo%&*o%& ya%& 'erua' ari lo&am 6aha% "e%&i#a' (binder  aalah ma'erial u#a% a&i%& ya%& a"a' me%i%&#a'#a% aya i#a' air- a&i%& a% emul*ifi#a*i lema# )a ua je%i* aha%  "e%&i#a' alami ari hea% yai'u #a*ei% a% *#im- *ea%&#a% ya%& era*al ari 'a%ama% mi*al%ya "a'i ari umi?umia%- 'e"u%& 'eri&u a% i*ola' "ro'ei% (Marliya'i- 1..2 SP9 erfu%&*i *ea&ai aha% "e%&i#a' (i%er u#a% aha% "e%&i*i (filler 6aha% "e%&i#a' aalah aha%?aha% u#a% a&i%& ya%& i'amah#a% alam  "rou# e%&a% 'ujua% u%'u# me%i%&#a'#a% *'aili'a*- me%uru%#a% "e%yu*u'a% *ea#'u "ema*a#a%- mem"erai#i *ifa' iri*a%- me%&i#a' air- meme%'u# 'e#*'ura% memeri#a% ar%a ya%& #ha* $era"a' ua maam SP9 ya%& i&u%a#a% alam i%u*'ri a&i%& olaha% yai'u SP9 ya%& ere%'u# 'e"u%& a% SP9 ya%&  ere%'u# &ra%ular a'au u'ira% Pe%&&u%aa% SP9 ya%& ere%'u# 'e"u%& ia*a%ya la%&*u%& iam"ur#a% e%&a% aha% emul*i ya%& lai%- *ea%&#a% SP9 ya%&  ere%'u# &ra%ular ire%am alam air 'erleih ahulu #emuia% aru iam"ur#a% #e alam aha% emul*i (Surya%'o- 2011 !la*ifi#a*i *o*i* 'eriri a'a* *ea&ai eri#u': 1 So*i* *e&ar- yai'u je%i* *o*i* ya%& iua' ari a&i%& ya%& 'ia# ima*a#- 'ia#  i#uri%&- umum%ya a&i%& ai *e&ar a% 'er#aa%& a&i%& *a"i So*i* je%i* i%i haru* i*im"a% "aa refri&a'or a% ima*a# ahulu *eelum ihia%&#a% 2 So*i* a*a" 'ia# ima*a#- yai'u *o*i* ya%& mem"u%yai #ara#'eri*'i# *ama e%&a% *o*i* *e&ar- %amu% *o*i* i%i i*ele*ai#a% e%&a% "e%&a*a"a% u%'u#  memeri#a% flaor a% ar%a ya%& erea- *er'a haru* ima*a# ahulu *eelum i#o%*um*i 3 So*i* ma*a#- yai'u *o*i* ya%& i"er*ia"#a% ari *a'u a'au leih maam?maam a&i%& *#el'al a'au a&i%& u%&&a* 6aha%?aha% "e%yu*u%%ya ari by product 

a'au variety meats So*i* i%i ia*a%ya meru"a#a% *o*i* e%&a% emul*i ya%&  ai# Frankfurters- Bologna a% liver sausage meru"a#a% o%'oh *o*i* i%i 4 So*i* #eri%& a% *emi#eri%&- meru"a#a% *o*i* ya%& i"rou#*i melalui "ro*e* ferme%'a*i e%&a% "er*ia"a% "ali%& rumi' ia%'ara *emua je%i* *o*i* Perha'ia%  "e%uh *a%&a' iu'uh#a% "aa *e'ia" 'aha" "ro*e* "emua'aa%%ya- a% haru* ila#u#a% *elama eera"a ula% i aah #o%i*i *uhu a% #elemaa ya%& 'er#o%'rol 5 8a&i%& *"e*ial- meru"a#a% "rou# ya%& iua' ari a&i%& aah ya%&  ia*a%ya ima*a# a'au e%ru%& ia#a' ari"aa ia*a" (Nur*iam- 2010 Paa "emua'a% *o*i* 'era"a' eera"a "eruaha% ya%& 'erjai i 'ia"  "ro*e*%ya Paa 'aha" "e%&ha%ura% 'erjai "eruaha% fi*i#a ima%a a&i%& ayam  eruah 'e#*'ur me%jai a&i%& &ili%& ya%& halu* Pro*e* i%i me%&&u%a#a% e*  a'u *ehi%&&a 'erjai "eruaha% #imia yai'u *uhu me%jai i%&i% a&ar "ro'ei%  "aa a&i%& 'ia# ru*a# Paa "ro*e* "e%am"ura% e%&a% aha%?aha% lai% *e"er'i &aram 'erjai "eruaha% #imia ima%a &aram a"a' me%&e#*'ra# "ro'ei% *ehi%&&a mema%'u "ro*e* emul*i Pe%amaha% aha% "e%&i*i a% "e%&i#a' ju&a me%&ha*il#a% "eruaha% fi*i#a ima%a ao%a% me%jai #om"a# Se'elah ao%a% ii*i #ealam casing   #emuia% ila#u#a% "e%&u#u*a% Paa "ro*e* i%i 'erjai  "eruaha% #imia ima%a *o*i* me%jai ma'a%& a% 'erjai "eruaha% iolo&i yai'u mi#roa ya%& mu%&#i% aa "aa aha% a"a' ma'i *ehi%&&a mem"er"a%ja%& umur  *im"a% 6era*ar#a% "era%i%&a% e%&a% "er*yara'a% mu'u *o*i* me%uru' SN9*o*i* ya%& ia"a' i laora'orium memili#i mu'u ya%& *e*uai e%&a% *ifa' or&a%ole"'i# ya%& aa alam SN9 01?3<20?1..5 yai'u memili#i ra*a- ar%a- a%  au ya%& %ormal >>P "aa "ro*e* "emua'a% *o*i* i%i 'erjai "aa *aa' "e%uia% *o*i* a%  "ro*e* "e%&u#u*a% #are%a "aa #eua "ro*e* 'er*eu' er'ujua% u%'u#  me%&ura%&i *er'a memu%uh mi#roor&a%i*me ya%& mu%&#i% 'era"a' "aa a&i%& a'au"u% ao%a% VIII.

Ke$#&%u)an

6era*ar#a% ha*il "eroaa% "emua'a% *o*i* a"a' i#e'ahui aha e%&a% a*i* 200 &ram memili#i era' "rou# *ee*ar 1<0 &ram a% "rou# 

*ee*ar .0 So*i* ya%& iha*il#a% memili#i ar%a o#la' mua- ra*a #ha* *o*i*aroma%ya #ha* *o*i*- 'e#*'ur%ya "aa' a% #e%yal *er'a #e%am"a#a%%ya me%ari#

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

)%ja*ari- 6o%i'a 2010 Pan(an He,an# F#$#!)!(# Pa$a Panen M!r*e& -an Ten!)!(#raha 9lmu- +o&ya#ar'a 8ia%

2012 La%!ran Pen(!)a+an S!$#$  h''":HHia%2505or"re**omH (8ia#*e*: 27 )"ril 2017

Farha% 2012 Maa)a+ S!$#$ Ter"aru. h''":HH?*u#alo&*"o'om.(8ia#*e*: 27 )"ril 2017 FiGhi- F 200. S!$#$ h''":HHfa*'a*Gior"re**omH*o*i*H(8ia#*e*: 27 )"ril 2017 ,aiiyo'o 1.<3 Ten# Uj# Mu*u Su$u/ Ia/ Da(#n(/ -an Te)ur - ;i*i !euaPe%eri' Lier'y- +o&ya#ar'a !ramlih- =;- 1.7 Sau$a(e Pr!-u*$  8alam The Science of Meat and Meat   Products =, Freema% a% >o- 9% =e*'"or'- >o%%e'iu' Marliya'i- S) 1..2 Pen(!)a+an Pan(an T#n(a* Ru&a+ Tan((a - >e'a#a% Per'ama- Pe%eri' 9P6 Pre** P)/ Pa%&a% a% izi- 6o&or Muh'ai $ie% R- a% Su&iyo%o 1..2 I)&u Pen(e*a+uan Ba+an Pan(an  8e"ar'eme% Pe%ii#a% a% !euayaa% 8ire#'ora' Ce%ral Pe%ii#a% $i%&&i Pu*a' )%'ar /%ier*i'a* Pa%&a% a% izi 9%*'i'u' Per'a%ia% 6o&or6o&or Mura%i- Re'%o- 1..4 Pen(aru+ F!r&u)a$# *er+a-a% Pen#)a#an F#$# -an Sen$!r#$ S!$#$ Aa& Pe-a(#n( Fa#ul'a* $e#%olo&i Per'a%ia% 9%*'i'u' Per'a%ia% 6o&or- 6o&or SN9- 1..5  SNI S!$#$ . melalui h''":HH*i*%i*%&oiH (8ia#*e*: 27 )"ril 2017 Surya%'o- ;i 2011 Pen((unaan Pr!*e#n Ke-e)a# %a-a In-u$*r# O)a+an Da(#n(h''":HHfooreieoi  (8ia#*e*: 27 )"ril 2017

LAMPIRAN SNI

$ael 2 Syara' Mu'u So*i*  No !ri'eria /ji 1 !eaaa% 11 6au 12 Ra*a 13 =ar%a 14 $e#*'ur  2 )ir  3 )u 4 Pro'ei% 5 Lema#   !arohira' 7 6aha% $amaha% Ma#a%a% 71 Pear%a 72 Pe%&ae' < >emara% Lo&am <1 $imal (P <2 $ema&a (>u <3 Se%& (I% <4 $imah (S% <5 Ra#*a (,& . >emara% )r*e% ()* 10 >emara% Mi#roa : 10 )%&#a 'o'al lem"e%& 1 6a#'eri e%'u# #oli 10  Eccerichia coli 2  Enterococci 10 lostridium Perifringens 3 Salmonela 10 Staphylococcus aureus 4 10 5 10  Sumer : SN9 01?3<20?1..5

Sa'ua%

Per*yara'a%

? ? ? ? H H H H H Se*uai SN9

 Normal  Normal  Normal 6ula' Pa%ja%& Ma#* 7-0 Ma#* 3-0 Mi% 13-0 Ma#* 25-0 Ma#* <

m&H#& m&H#& m&H#& m&H#& m&H#& m&H#& #olo%iH& )PMH& )PMH !olo%iH& ? ? !olo%iH&

Ma#* 2-0 Ma#* 20-0 Ma#* 40-0 M&H#& 40-0 Ma#* 0-03 Ma#* 0-1 Ma#* 105 Ma#* 10 J3 102  Ne&a'if   Ne&a'if  Ma#* 102

LAMPIRAN KUIS 1. A%a an( an-a e*a+u# *en*an( %e)auan -a(#n(  a,a"'

Pelayua% aalah "e%a%&a%a% a&i%& *e&ar *e'elah "e%yemeliha% e%&a% ara me%&&a%'u%& a'au me%yim"a% *el ama a#'u 'er'e%'u "aa 'em"era'ur i a'a* 'i'i# e#u a&i%& (?1-5 0> Selama "elayua%- 'erjai a#'ii'a* e%zim ya%& mam"u me%&urai#a% 'e%u%a% i#a' a&i%& 8a&i%& me%jai leih a"a' me%&i#a' air- er*ifa' leih em"u#- a% memili#i flaor ya%& leih #ua' 8a&i%& ia*a%ya ilayu#a% alam  e%'u# #ar#a* a'au *e'e%&ah #ar#a* ,al i%i ila#u#a% u%'u# me%&ura%&i lua*  "ermu#aa% ya%& a"a' ii%fe#*i oleh mi#roa )a 5 "ro*e* "e%&em"u#a% "aa a&i%&-yai'u: a. !ging   Pro*e* "e%&em"u#a% "aa a&i%& e%&a% ara "elayua% b. Tenderi"ing  Pro*e* "e%&em"u#a% "aa a&i%& e%&a% tenderi"ing yai'u e%&a% me%&&u%a#a% e%zim romeli% a% "a"ai% c. !croni"e Process Pro*e* "e%&em"u#a% "aa a&i%& e%&a% "e%amaha% a%'iio'i#mi*al%ya 'eramyi% d. Tenderay Process Pro*e* "e%&em"u#a% "aa a&i%& e%&a% "e%&&u%a% *i%ar /K e. Pe%&&a%'u%&a% 2. A%a an( an-a e*a+u# *en*an( a$a% a#r a,a"'

)*a"

air

meru"a#a%

*ua'u

ha*il #o%e%*a*i a'au

"e%&emu%a%

ari ua" ha*il "ema#ara% *eara la%&*u%& mau"u% 'ia# la%&*u%& ari aha%?  aha%

ya%&

a%ya#

me%&a%u%& li&%i%- *elulo*a- hemi*elulo*a *er'a

*e%yaa #aro% lai%%ya 6aha% a#u ya%& a%ya# i&u%a#a% a%'ara lai%  era&ai maam je%i* #ayu- o%&#ol #ela"a *ai'- 'em"uru%& #ela"a- *e#am-

am"a* a'au *eru# &er&aji #ayu a% lai% *ea&ai%ya Selama "ema#ara%#om"o%e% ari #ayu a#a% me%&alami "iroli*a me%&ha*il#a% era&ai maam *e%yaa

a%'ara lai% fe%ol-

#aro%il-

a*am-

fura%-

al#ohol-

la#'o%-

hiro#aro%- "oli*i#li# aroma'i# a% lai% *ea&ai%ya )*a" air mem"u%yai  era&ai *ifa' fu%&*io%al- *e"er'i u%'u# memeri aroma- ra*a a% ar%a #are%a aa%ya *e%yaa fe%ol a% #aro%il *ea&ai aha% "e%&ae' alami #are%a me%&a%u%&

*e%yaa

fe%ol

a%

a*am

ya%&

er"era%

*ea&ai a%'ia#'eri a% a%'io#*ia% *ea&ai aha% #oa&ula% la'e#* "e%&&a%'i a*am forma' *er'a mema%'u "eme%'u#a% ar%a o#la' "aa "rou# *i' 3. Tu)#$an *ujuan/%r#n$#% -an %r!$e-ur a"!n4 a,a"'

$ujua% :

/%'u# ier*ifi#a*i "rou# olaha% a&i%&- u%'u# me%&e'ahui

 "ro*e* "emua'a% ao% a% u%'u# mem"er"a%ja%& umur *im"a%  "rou# a&i%& a'au i#a% Pri%*i" :

6era*ar#a% "ro*e* "emi*aha% a&i%& i#a%-#uli' a% 'ula%&%ya u%'u# me%&ha*il#a% ao% #eri%& e%&a% "ro*e* "e%&&ore%&a% aha% ya%& 'elah i'amah#a% umu?umu #emuia% "e%&hila%&a% mi%ya# a&ar mem"er"a%ja%& umur *im"a%

Pro*eur:

etumbar" kemiri" gula" ba#ang merah" ba#ang putih" garam

$kan

*isik" sirip" ekor" kepala" eroan Dressing Penghancuran

Pemasakkan  T= &5'+C" t = 5,

Penimbangan

Pengukusan  T = &''+C" t = &',

.umbu

*antan

Pencampuran Pemasakkan  T= &&'+C" t = ,

 Tempering  T = ('oC

Penghancuran

$kan hancur

Pencampuran

Pemasakkan  T= &2'+C" t = (', minyak

Penggorengan

Abon ikan

)ap air

5. Tu)#$an 3 %r!-u $!$#$ cooked meat special taste . a,a"'

Loae*- hea hee*e a% *ra""le 6. e)a$an %er"e-aan $ur#&#/ a&a"!! -an %e&%e 4 a,a"' a. Sur#&# ( 擂 り 身 - a'au *eara harfiah erar'i a&i%& ya%& iluma'#a%-

aalah aha% ma#a%a% ari i#a% ya%& ihalu*#a% hi%&&a meme%'u# *e"er'i  "a*'a 6aha% i%i ia*a%ya i#ema* "la*'i# a% alam #eaaa% e#u- u%'u#  #emuia% ileleh#a% a% iolah me%jai ma#a%a% jai 8e%&a% *ifa'%ya ya%& fle#*iel a% %e'ral- *urimi i*a ie%'u# me%jai era&ai imi'a*i ma#a%a% lau' !are%a iua' ari a&i%& i#a% ya%& i*a ia"a'#a% alam  jumlah e*ar- ra *'i# imi'a*i ya%& iua' ari *urimi i*a me%jai al'er%a'if ya%& leih murah ari lo*'er  a'au #e"i'i%& a*li Selai% i'u- *urimi  ju&a e%eru%& memili#i ha*il ya%& *era&am- *ehi%&&a leih i*u#ai alam  "rou#*i ma**al #amoo#o ia%i%& a&i%& i#a% a*li ". Ka&a"!! aalah *eu'a% u%'u# era&ai ma#a%a% olaha% ari i#a% ya%&

ihalu*#a%- ie'a# i a'a* *e"o'o%& #ayu- a% ima'a%&#a% e%&a% ara i#u#u* 9ri*a% #amao#o i*a la%&*u%& ima#a% e&i'u *aja a'au i&u%a#a% *ea&ai "ele%&#a" a% hia*a% era&ai maam ma#a%a% er#uah*e"er'i rame%- *oa- a'au uo%  . Pe&%e   aalah ma#a%a% ya%& 'erua' ari am"ura% 'e"u%& 'a"io#a-

a&i%& i#a%- air a% &aram ya%& iau# me%jai *a'u lalu ie%'u#- ireu*i#u#u*- i&ore%& a'au i"a%&&a%& a% ima#a% e%&a% u#a Paa  "ri%*i"%ya "emua'a% "em"e# ila#u#a% melalui eera"a 'aha"- yai'u  "e%&olaha% i#a%- "e%am"ura%- "eme%'u#a% a% "ema*a#a%

-. LAMPIRAN e. TUGAS DISKUSI 1. A%a an( -#&a$u- -en(an high binding meat / low binding meat  -an medium binding meat  Dar# e*#(a jen#$ -a(#n( *er$e"u* "a(#an &ana an( %a)#n( "a# -#(unaan un*u $!$#$ Men(a%a -e&##an .

a,a"'

&

 #igh binding meat   yai'u aya i#a' a&i%& u%'u# me%&i#a' aha%?

 aha% alam "ro*e* "e%&olaha% *eara #ua'  $o% binding meat   aalah aya i#a' a&i%& u%'u# me%&i#a' aha%?aha% alam "ro*e* "e%&olaha% *eara lemah *ea%&#a% medium binding meat  aalah aya i#a' a&i%& u%'u#  me%&i#a' aha%?aha% alam "ro*e* "e%&olaha% *eara ia*a 8a&i%& ya%& mem"u%yai aya i#a' ya%& 'i%&&i aalah jari%&a% a&i%& *#ele'al 'ia#   erlema# 8a&i%& e%&a% aya i#a' re%ah umum%ya me%&a%u%& *ejumlah  e*ar lema# a% meru"a#a% jari%&a% %o% *#ele'al a'au "ro'ei% halu* Pro'ei% a&i%& er"era% alam ua hal- yai'u me%&emul*i#a% lema# a% me%&i#a' air 6ila *alah *a'u ari ua hal 'er*eu' 'ia# a"a' i"e%uhi- ma#a emul*i me%jai 'ia# *'ail a% muah "eah *elama "ema*a#a% 8a&i%& ya%& ai# u%'u#  i&u%a#a% alam "emua'a% *o*i* yai'u a&i%& ya%& mem"u%yai aya i#a' ya%& 'i%&&i aalah jari%&a% a&i%& *#ele'al 'ia# erlema# h 2. Se"u*an jen#$8jen#$ casing 4 Ber#an !n*!+na4 #.

 j

a,a"'

$era"a' 'i&a je%i* casing  ya%& *eri%& i&u%a#a% alam "emua'a%

*o*i*- yai'u alami- #ola&e% *er'a *elulo*a asing   alami ia*a%ya 'erua' ari u*u* alami hea% asing   i%i mem"u%yai #eu%'u%&a% a"a' ima#a%- er&izi 'i%&&i a% mele#a' "aa "rou# !eru&ia% "e%&&u%aa% a*i%& i%i aalah  "rou# 'ia# ae'asing #ola&e% ia*a%ya eraha% a#u ari #uli' hea%  e*ar !eu%'u%&a% ari "e%&&u%aa% casing   i%i aalah a"a' iar%ai- i*a ima#a% a% mele#a' "aa "rou#  asing   *elulo*a ia*a%ya eraha% a#u  "ul" !eu%'u%&a% casing  *elulo*a aalah a"a' ie'a# a'au iar%ai a% murah asing *elulo*a *a%&a' #era* a% ia%jur#a% u%'u# 'ia# ima#a% #

3. e)a$an !&%!nen8!&%!nen %e&"ua*an $!$#$4 ).

a,a"'

m

!om"o%e% "emua'a% *o*i* yai'u:

a 8a&i%&- "emiliha% a&i%& ya%& i#ehe%a#i alam "emua'a% *o*i* aalah a&i%& *#ele'al ya%& erlema# re%ah   Lema#- lema# alam "emua'a% *o*i* i"erlu#a% u%'u# memua' emul*i  er*ama?*ama e%&a% air   6aha% "e%&i#a'- 'ujua% "e%amaha% filler a% i%er "aa "rou# *o*i* aalah u%'u#: (1 me%i%&#a'#a% *'aili'a* emul*i- (2 me%i%&#a'#a% aya i#a' "rou# a&i%&- (3 me%i%&#a'#a% flaor- (4 me%&ura%&i "e%&eru'a% *elama "ema*a#a%- (5 me%i%&#a'#a% #ara#'eri*'i# iri*a% "rou#- a% ( me%&ura%&i iaya formula*i  6aha% "e%&i*i- aha% "e%&i*i ( filler  ya%& ya%& ia*a i'amah#a% "aa *o*i* aalah 'e"u%& &a%um - arley- ja&u%& a'au era* e >a*i%&- a*i%& a'au *elo%&*o%& u%'u# *o*i* aa ua 'i"e yai'u *elo%&*o%& alami a% *elo%&*o%& ua'a% f 6umu?umu- umu?umu ya%& i&u%a#a% alam "rou# *o*i* aalah laa- aa%& "u'ih a% "ala & )ir- 'ujua% "e%amaha% air alam "emua'a% *o*i* aalah a&ar *o*i* ya%& iha*il#a% 'ia# 'era*a #eri%& )ir ia*a%ya i'amah#a% alam e%'u# e* h aram a"ur (Na>l- meru"a#a% aha% "e%olo%& alam "ro*e*  "eme%'u#a% emul*i

n. LAMPIRAN !. PERHITUNGAN

a Formula*i : 1 8a&i%& *a"i

A 30-07 B 200 A 0-14 &ram

2 8a&i%& ayam

A 32-30 B 200 A 4-4 &ram

3 $a"io#a

A 7-30 B 200 A 14- &ram

4 ;* a'u

A 10 B 200 A 20 &ram

5 aram

A 2 B 200 A 4 &ram

 Meria

A 0-23 B 200A 0-4 &ram

7 Mi%ya# *ayur

A 5 B 200 A 10 &ram

< S$PP

A 0-34 B 200 A 0-< &ram

. 6aa%& "u'ih

A 1-5 B 200 A 3 &ram

10 6aa%& omayA 3-. B 200 A 7-.2 &ram 11 !u%i%& 'elur

A 2-<3 B 200 A 5- &ram

12 Pala

A 0-57 B 200 A 1-14 &ram

13 S#im

A 3 B 200 A  &ram

14 )*a" air

A 1 B 200 A 2 &ram 180

  "rou#  "

A

200

B 100 A .0