LAPORAN PRAKTIKUM BIOLOGI UMUM “PENGARUH INTENSITAS CAHAY CAH AYA A DAN PASANGAN PASANGAN TERHADAP PERILAKU JANGKRIK YANG MENGELUARKAN SUARA ”
Disusun oleh : 1. IIMROATUL HUSNA M 2. MIFT MIFTAHUR AHURROF ROFI!A I!AH H 3. #LSHANDRA $ITA % &
(14312241002) (14312 (14312241 24100" 00")) (14312241032)
I'A A 2014
PROGRAM STUDI PENDIDIKAN IPA FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITA UNIVERS ITAS S NEGERI YOGYAKART YOGYAKARTA A 2014
A. UDUL
'en*+,uh In-ensi-+s +h+/+ +n '+s+n*+n Te,h++ 'e,il+u +n*,i +l+ Men*elu+,+n Su+,+
5. TUUAN 1. Men*e-+hui 6enis ,eson /+n* ih+sil+n oleh 6+n*,i -e,h++ s-iul+n 2. Men*e-+hui en*+,uh in-ensi-+s 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n -e,h++ e,il+u 6+n*,i /+n* en*elu+,+n su+,+
. RUMUSAN MASALAH 1. 5+*+i+n+ 6enis ,eson /+n* ih+sil+n oleh 6+n*,i -e,h++ s-iul+n-8 2. 5+*+i+n+ en*+,uh in-ensi-+s 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n -e,h++ e,il+u 6+n*,i /+n* en*elu+,+n su+,+8
D. LATAR 5#LAAN$ Seu+ o,*+nise eilii e,il+u. 'e,il+u e,u++n 9en-u ,esons -e,h++ onisi in-e,n+l +n es-e,n+ln/+. Su+-u ,esons i+-++n e,il+u 9il+ ,esons -e,se9u- -el+h 9e,ol+ /+ni e9e,i+n ,esons -e,-en-u /+n* s++ -e,h++ s-iulus -e,-en-u. 'e,il+u 6u*+ ++- i+,-i+n se9+*+i +-i;i-+s su+-u o,*+nise +i9+- ++n/+ su+-u s-iulus. S+l+h s+-u 7on-oh e,il+u ++l+h e,il+u 6+n*,i +l+ en*h+sil+n su+,+. e-i+ +l+ -el+h +-+n* su+,+ 6+n*,i un iu- +-+n* sei,in* en*+n *el+n/+ +l+ su+,+ 6+n*,i -e,en*+, ++ +l+ h+,i +l+ e+++n /+n* sun/i. +n*,i ++l+h se,+n**+ /+n* -e,+su <+il/ $,il/+e +,i o,o +,-h,oo+. Se,+n**+ 6enis ini eilii ouni+si /+n* uni /+i-u el+lui su+,+ /+n* 9e,+s+l +,i s+/+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n +-+u /+n* ise9u- en*+n e,il+u n/+n/i+n 6+n*,i. Uun/+ 6+n*,i ++n en*elu+,+n su+,+ ++ s++- +l+ h+,i s+6+. Su+,+ 6+n*,i -e,en*+, s+n*+- n/+,in*. Se+n*+n ++ si+n* h+,i su+,+ 6+n*,i 6+,+n* i-+ en*+,. Ten-u s+6+ ++ <+7-o, 9e,u+ s-iulus /+n* en/e9+9+n h+l -e,se9u- -e,6+i is+ln/+ <+7-o, 7+h+/+ suhu ++ -i+n/+ +s+n*+n. Mel+lui ,+-iu ini ++n il+u+n e,7o9++n un-u en*e-+hui 9+*+i+n+ en*+,uh s-iulus 9e,u+ 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n -e,h++ su+,+ /+n* ih+sil+n 6+n*,i. Ase /+n* iuu, /+ni 9e,u+ l++n/+ 6+n*,i 9e,n/+n/i ( en*e,i) +n -in*+- ese,in*+n6+n*,i +l+ 9e,n/+n/i.
#. DASAR T#ORI
'e,il+u ++l+h se,+n*+i+n +-i;i-+s /+n* en*o,ien-+si+n he=+n -e,h++ lin*un*+n es-e,n+ln/+. Mesuun e,il+u -++ +lin* 6el+s se9+*+i se,+n*+i+n e,*e,++n /+n* ++- i++-i e,il+u 6u*+ en7+u ,esons> ,esons in-e,n+l /+n* ++-i< (F,ie ? H+eenos 200@ : 2). 'ol+ B ol+ e,il+u 9i+s+n/+ 9e,us+- ++ en7+,i+n ++n+n en7+,i+n +s+n*+n +=in e,+=+-+n +n+ en6+*++n -e,h++ 9+h+/+ +n -u*+s l+in /+n* en-in* 9+*i ehiu+n su+-u ini;iu. Sis-e sis-e /+n* in-e*,+l en*+n e,il+u ++l+h sis-e > sis-e s+,+< o-o- ,+n*+ +n eno,in (F,ie ? H+eenos 200@ : 2). Res!"s e#$%&'( )e#*&+& #&",s&",&" 1P!%& T$"+&'&" Te)& 'ol+ -in++n -e-+ ++l+h s+l+h s+-u -ie e,il+u /+n* -e,+i- l+n*sun* en*+n ,+n*s+n*+n see,h+n+ u,u->u,u-+n -in++n /+n* -i+ iel+6+,i ++ +s+,n/+ -i+ ++- iu9+h +n 9e*i-u iul+i 9i+s+n/+ iseles+i+n 2-
hin**+ -un-+s (+9ell 200C : 2"). Pe#,e#&'&" Be#&#&* Kinesis dan Taksis
inesis ++l+h su+-u e,u9+h+n +l+ +-i;i-+s +-+u l+6u e,*e,++n se9+*+i ,esons -e,h++ su+-u s-iulus. T+sis ++l+h *e,++n 9e,+,+h enu6u (-+sis osi-i<) +-+u en6+uhi (-+sis ne*+-i<) 9e9e,++ ,+n*s+n*+n (+9ell 200C : 2"). Migrasi
Mi*,+si ++l+h e,u9+h+n lo+si /+n* -e,+-u, +n eneuh 6+,+ 6+uh. Di6u+i ++ 9e,9+*+i +7+ 9u,un* i+n +n he=+n > he=+n /+n* .-
l+in(+9ell 200C : 2"). R$)/e Pe#$%&'( 'e,il+u 9e,ul+n*>ul+n* ++ in-e,;+l -e,-en-u /+n* in/+-++n se9+*+i ,i-e
4-
+-+u e,ioe. D+u, e,il+u ,i-e ++- sel++ u+ 6+ +-+u se-+hun. S$"&% +&" K!/("$'&s$ He&" R+n*s+n*+n /+n* i-,+nsisi+n +,i s+-u he=+n e he=+n l+in ise9usin/+l ( signal ). T,+nsisi +n ene,i++n sin/+l en/usun ouni+si he=+n unsu, in-e,+si +n-+, ini;iu /+n* en-in* (+9ell 200C : 2"C). Feromon
5+n/+ he=+n /+n* 9e,ouni+si el+lui +,o+ en*elu+,+n E+->E+ii+ /+n* ise9u-
+l+n*+n ++li+ +n se,+n**+ +n se,in*+li 9e,+i-+n en*+n e,il+u ,e,ou-i<(+9ell 200C : 300). K%&s$$'&s$ J&",'#$' in*o : Ani+li+ Filu : A,-h,oo+ el+s : Inse7-+ O,o : O,-ho-e,+ F+ili : $,/llu+e $enus : $,/llus Sesies : Gryllus assimilis +n*,i ++l+h 6enis se,+n**+ elo+- +,i o,o O,-ho-e,+ +n -e,+su elu+,*+ $,ill/+e /+i-u se,+n**+ /+n* +sih 9e,e,+9+- en*+n 9el+l+n* +n 6+n*,i se+ +-+u -on**e,e-. i,i husus se,+n**+ ini +n-+,+ l+in eilii +i 9el++n* /+n* i*un++n un-u elo+- u+ +s+n* s+/+ +n se+s+n* +n-en+ 9e,9en-u 9en+n* /+n* -e,++n* ele9ihi +n6+n* -u9uhn/+. +n*,i hiu i +,+- ul+i +,i eohon+n se+>se+ ,e,uu-+n *u+ hin**+ lu9+n* i -+n+h +-+u +/u ( Resh +n +,e 200 : 166 ).
+n*,i e,u++n 6enis se,+n**+ el+s Hexapoda (inse-+) /+n* eilii 7i,i: 9++n +n +n**o-+ 9++n -e,i,i +-+s se*en>se*en (9e,u+s>,u+s). 5++n -e,9+*i+ -+s e+l+ (7he+lus) 9+*i+n ++ (-ho,+G) +n 9++n 9el++n*e,u(+9oen). Feu, +i 9el++n* le9ih 9es+, +,i++ ni<+>e=+s+) ni<+ ++l+h +n++n /+n* i,i en*+n 9en-u -u9uh e=+s+n/+ h+n/+ s+6+ 9e,uu,+n e7il ( Lilies 200 : ). e+l+ 6+n*,i -e,i,i +-+s +-+ +n-en+ +n *i*i -+,in*. M+-+ 6+n*,i e,u++n +-+ +6eu /+i-u uul+n +-+>+-+ e7il /+n* 6ul+hn/+ 9+n/+. M+-+ ini h+n/+ 9e,
+n*,i 6+n-+n eilii -u9uh /+n* le9ih e7il +,i 6+n*,i 9e-in+ e,u++n s+/+ n/+ 9e,7o,+ le9ih +s+, +n *el+ +n eilii e+u+n en*h+sil+n su+,+ e,i+n (chriping ) en*+n en**ese+n eu+ s+/+ e+nn/+. +n*,i 9e-in+ e=+s+ eilii o;iosi-o, ++ u6un* +9oenn/+ /+n* i*un++n se9+*+i s+lu,+n un-u en*elu+,+n -elu,>-elu,n/+. +n*,i +-i< i +l+ h+,i i +l+ +slin/+ +,i e*i+-+n ++n en*e,i se,-+ +=in ++ si+n* h+,i 6+n*,i en7+,i e,linun*+n i lo,on* +-+u lu9+n* i 9+=+h -uu+n +un>+un i 9+=+h +/u>+/u +n i 9e9+-u+n ('+iin1"""). Pe#)(/3(*&" J&",'#$'
+n*,i en*+l+i e-+o2@ h+,i. Ni<+ -e,lih+- see,-i 6+n*,i e=+s+ 9e,uu,+n e7il h+n/+ s+6+ s+/+ +n o;iosi-o,n/+ 9elu 9e,e9+n* seu,n+. Ni<+ -u9uh en6+i clondo +-+u 6+n*,i u+ +l+ 30>40 h+,i +n en7++i e=+s+ (-u9uh s+/+) ++ uu, @0 h+,i. Menu,u- M+ns/ (2002) e,-u9uh+n uu,+n -u9uh 6+n*,i +n++n hin**+ e=+s+ ++l+h se9+*+i 9e,iu-: 9+*i+n -o,+s +i e+n +i lon7+- 7e,7i (uu, 10>20 h+,i) 9+*i+n e+l+ +n +9oen (uu, 30>40 h+,i) 9+*i+n +n-en+ s+/+ +n o;iosi-o, (uu, 41>@0 h+,i) .
F. M#TODOLO$I '#RO5AAN 1.
2.
3.
JATU DAN T#M'AT H+,i-+n**+l K
: Senin s. 6u+- 24>2C No;e9e, 2014
'uul
: Si+n* so,e +n +l+ h+,i
Te+-
: Ru+h Mi<-+
ALAT DAN 5AHAN 1. Te+- 6+n*,i 2. S-o=+-7h 3. 'e,e+ su+,+ 4. +n*,i LAN$AH #RA
$. HI'OT#SIS 1. Reson /+n* ielu+,+n oleh 6+n*,i -e,h++ 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n /+ni 9e,u+ su+,+ 2. +n*,i /+n* 9e,++ ++ -oles +-+u o-+ /+n* le9ih *el+ ++n le9ih se,in* en*elu+,+n su+,+ en*+n =+-u /+n* le9ih l++
H. %ARIA5#L %+,i+9el on-,ol
: +n*,i 6+n-+n
%+,i+9el 9e9+s
: In-ensi-+s 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n
%+,i+9el -e,i+-
: L++ su+,+ /+n* ielu+,+n
'e,l+u+n ;+,i+9le : +h+/+ -e,+n* • 1. o-+ 1 /+n* 9e,isi u+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n
•
•
2. o-+ 2 9e,isi 6+n*,i 6+n-+n +n 9e-in+ +h+/+ ,eu 1. o-+ 1 /+n* 9e,isi u+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n 2. o-+ 2 9e,isi 6+n*,i 6+n-+n +n 9e-in+ T+n+ 7+h+/+ 1. o-+ 1 /+n* 9e,isi u+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n 2. o-+ 2 9e,isi 6+n*,i 6+n-+n +n 9e-in+
I. DATA HASIL '#RO5AAN
T&3e% H&s$% Pe",&/&)&" e-e,+n*+n : +h+/+ -e,+n* +n+n* +n+n* 1 2
'e,9e++n
+h+/+ ,eu +n+n* +n+n* 1 2
+h+/+ *el+ +n+n* +n+n* 1 2
L++ 9e,su+,+ (e-i)
0
0
"
14
23
3
ese,in*+n
>
>
+n+n* 1 9e,isi 6+n*,i 6+n-+n ? 6+n-+n
+n+n* 2 9e,isi 6+n*,i 6+n-+n ? 9e-in+
T+n+ :
6+,+n*
se+n*
se,in*
h+i, se-i+ s++-
. '#M5AHASAN ',+-iu ini e9+h+s -en-+n* en*+,uh in-ensi-+s 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n -e,h++ e,il+u 6+n*,i +l+ en*elu+,+n su+,+. O96e +l+ ,+-iu ini 9e,u+ 6+n*,i 9e,6enis el+in 6+n-+n se9+n/+ 3 eo, +n 9e-in+ 1 eo,. +n*,i 6+n-+n -i+ un/+ o;iosi-o, (s-,u-u, 9e,9en-u -+9un* /+n* 9e,
oleh *ese+n s+/+ e,e+ i s+-u s++ l+in. '++ s+/+ e,e+ -e,9en-u s-,u-u, husus /+n* e9u+- *e-+,+n /+n* ++- ien*+, se9+*+i n/+n/i+n 6+n*,i. ',+-i+n en/i++n +l+- +n 9+h+n /+n* ++n i*un++n +l+ ,+-iu see,-i -e+- 6+n*,i 9ese,-+ 6+n*,i s-o=+-7h /+n* 9e,+sin* o-+ ,+-i+n eui+n ele-++n eu+ o-+ -e,se9u- ++ u+ -e+- /+n* 9e,9e+ (s+lin* 9e,6+uh+n). Sel+n6u-n/+ en*uu, <,euensi 6+n*,i +n e+su+n +-+ ++ -+9le. 5e,+s+,+n e,7o9++n /+n* -el+h il+u+n oleh ,+-i+n un-u en*e-+hui 6enis ,eson /+n* ih+sil+n oleh 6+n*,i -e,h++ s-iul+n +n 6u*+ un-u en*e-+hui en*+,uh in-ensi-+s 7+h+/+ +n +s+n*+n -e,h++ e,il+u 6+n*,i +l+ en*elu+,+n su+,+ ,+-i+n en++-+n h+sil 9+h=+ 6+n*,i e+n* le9ih su+ en*e,i ++ 7+h+/+ /+n* *el+ +-+u -i+ -e,++- 7+h+/+. A-i;i-+s 6+n*,iun seu+n/+ il+u+n ++ +l+ ++- ie-+hui 9+h=+ 6+n*,i -i+ su+ en*+n e+++n si+n* h+,i i+n+ -e,++- sin+, +-+h+,i. '++ si+n* h+,i e-i+ ,+-i+n e9e,i ++n e++ 6+n*,i 9e,u+ s+/u,+n hi6+u (s+=i u9is) se-el+h 9e9e9,++ 6+ i-in**+l s+/u,+n -e,se9u- -i+ i++n oleh 6+n*,i. D+n e-i+ +*i h+,i en6el+n* ,+-i+n en*++-i 6+n*,i -e,se9u- -e,n/+-+ s+/u,+n /+n* i9e,i+n i++n. Te,lih+- lu9+n*>lu9+n* e7il h+sil *i*i-+n 6+n*,i. Ini e9u-i+n 9+h=+ 6+n*,i el+u+n +-i;i-+s ++n ++ +l+ h+,i. +n*,i -i+ h+n/+ en*e,i ++ 7+h+/+ /+n* *el+ -e-+i 6+n*,i 6u*+ en*e,i ++ e+++n 7+h+/+ /+n* ,eu. e-i+ so,e h+,i ,+-i+n ele-++n o-+ /+n* 9e,isi 6+n*,i ++ -e+- /+n* ,eu. Se-el+h i-in**+l 9e9e,++ s++- 6+n*,i ++ eu+ +n+n* -e,se9u- en*elu+,+n su+,+n/+ u,+n* le9ih ">1@ e-i. +n*,i -e,se9u- -i+ 9e*i-u se,in* (6+,+n*) en*elu+,+n su+,+. Se-el+h en*elu+,+n su+,+ 6+n*,i -e,se9u- -i+ ++n en*elu+,+n su+,+ l+*i. Ini ise9+9+n +,en+ e+++n sei-+, +sih -e,++7+h+/+ /+n* en/in+,i.
'++ 7+h+/+ /+n* -e,+n* 6+n*,i -i+ en*elu+,+n su+,+ s++ se+li ,+-i+n en*++-i 6+n*,i>6+n*,i -e,se9u- 9e,++ ++ e,se9un/i+nn/+ 9e,u+ lo,on*>lo,on* e7il /+n* isei++n ,+-i+n 9e,++ i+l+ -e+-n/+ +n*,i le9ih eilih un-u se9un/i +,i 7+h+/+ 9i+s+n/+ 6+n*,i /+n* 9e,eli+,+n 9e,se9un/i ++ -e+- -e+- /+n* *el+ +-+u -e+- /+n* -e,hin+, -i+ -e,en+ 7+h+/+ see,-i -uu+n +un e,in* lo,on*>lo,on* i9+=+h +/u>+/u +n i 9+=+h 9e9+-u+n. ',+-i+n le9ih en*++-i l+*i -in*+h l+u /+n* il+u+n 6+n*,i e-i+ 9e,++ i+l+ lo,on* ,+-i+n en++-+n h+sil 9+h=+ 6+n*,i>6+n*,i -e,se9u- h+n/+ 9e,i+ i,i -i+ el+u+n e,*e,++n s++ se+li. e-i+ ,+-i+n +-+n* en*h+i,i 6+n*,i h+n/+ en**e,++n 9++nn/+ un-u 9e,*ese, seii-. '++ 7+h+/+ *el+ 6+n*,i ile-++n i -e+- /+n* -i+ -e,en+ 7+h+/+ seii-un. Se-el+h 9e9e,++ l++ i-in**+l 6+n*,i /+n* 9e,++ i -e+noo, s+-u +n -e+- 6+n*,i noo, u+ eu+n/+ en*elu+,+n su+,+. Te+ 6+n*,i e,-++ 9e,isi u+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n /+n* en*elu+,+n su+,+ sel++ 23 e-i -i+ s+-u +li 9un/i su+,+. +n*,i ini se,in* se+li en*elu+,+n su+,+. Su+,+ /+n* ielu+,+n eu+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n -e,se9u- -e, en*+, s+n*+- n/+,in* +n e,+s see,-i s+lin* 9e,lo9+ un-u en*elu+,+n su+,+. Su+,+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n s+-u en*+n /+n* eu+ -i+ 9e,s+++n el+in+n 9e,9e+ selisih su+,+ 6+n*,i s+-u en*+n 6+n*,i u+ /+i-u sei-+, 3>4 e-i. Se+in e,e+ en*elu+,+n su+,+ e,+s ++n ++n -e,en*+, s+n*+- n/+,in* se+li. S++- s+l+h s+-u 6+n*,i en*e,+s+n ;olue su+,+ ++ 6+n*,i /+n* s+-un/+ un ++n en*iu-i un-u le9ih en*e,+s+n ;oluen/+. '++ +l+ -i9+
6+n*,i ++n se,in*
en*elu+,+n su+,+ ini ise9+9+n 6+n*,i>6+n*,i -e,se9u- eun/+i -u6u+n un-u elinun*i i,i +,i se,+n*+n usuh. +,en+ su+,+ /+n* ielu+,+n 6+n*,i ++n +u en*usi, +-+u en*h+l+n*i usuh un-u +-+n*. Su+,+ 6+n*,i ++- en+u-i usuhn/+ /+n* ++n ene+-. Se+n*+n ++ o-+ eu+ /+n* 9e,isi 6+n*,i 6+n-+n +n 6+n*,i 9e-in+ su+,+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n -e,en*+, s+n*+- e,+s +n le9ih se,in* 9e,su+,+ +,i++ 6+n*,i /+n* 9e,++ i o-+ s+-u. +n*,i 6+n-+n -e+- eu+ 9e,su+,+ sel++ 3 e-i sel+n* =+-u /+n* i9u-uh+n un-u 9e,su+,+ l+*i /+i-u sel++ 3> 4 e-i l+lu 6+n*,i -e,se9u- ++n 9e,su+,+ e9+li. Sel+n* =+-u /+n* i9u-uh+n
6+n*,i ++ -e+- eu+ un-u 9e,hen-i se6en+ s++ en*+n 6+,+ =+-u /+n* ie,lu+n eu+ 6+n*,i 6+n-+n ++ o-+ s+-u un-u e9e++n su+,+ s+-u en*+n su+,+ 6+n*,i eu+. +n*,i 6+n-+n /+n* 9e,s++ en*+n 6+n*,i 9e-in+ ++n en*elu+,+n su+,+ /+n* le9ih se,in* +-+u h+i, se-i+ s++- +n le9ih l++ ini ise9+9+n oleh ++n/+ +s+n*+n 9e-in+ /+n* 9e,++ s+-u -e+- en*+nn/+. +,en+ su+,+ /+n* ielu+,+n 6+n*,i un-u en+,i 6+n*,i 9e-in+ +*+, ene+-. 'e,9e++n l++n/+ su+,+ /+n* ielu+,+n oleh 6+n*,i 6+n-+n ++ -e+- s+-u +n eu+ ise9+9+n +,en+ ++n/+ +s+n*+n /+n* 9e,++ +l+ s+-u -e+- en*+nn/+ sehin**+ ne*+i9+-+n 6+n*,i 6+n-+n en*e,i. +n*,i 6+n-+n en*e,i un-u elinun*i i,in/+ +,i usuh 6u*+ un-u en+,i e,h+-i+n 6+n*,i 9e-in+. Su+,+ e,i+n 6+n*,i /+n* e,+s ++n +u en+,i 9e-in+ i+n+ su+,+ 6+n*,i /+n* +lin* e,+s ++n ih+i,i oleh 9e-in+. Suhu 6u*+ een*+,uhi e,i+n 6+n*,i 6i+ suhu isei-+, n+i ++ 6+n*,i ++n en*e,i le9ih e,+s. S++- +l+ h+,i +l+ e+++n sun/i +n sei 6+n*,i en*e,i le9ih e,+s +n +l+ =+-u /+n* l++. +n*,i le9ih se,in* en*e,i ++ 7+h+/+ /+n* *el+ +-+uun -+n+ 7+h+/+ +,en+ 6+n*,i eiilih un-u en*hin+, +,i 7+h+/+ e,e+ le9ih su+ el+u+n +-i;i-+sn/+ ++ -e+- /+n* *el+ i+n+ e,e+ hiu. H+l ini sesu+i en*+n li-e,+-u, 9+h=+ 6+n*,i +-i< i +l+ h+,i i +l+ +slin/+ +,i e*i+-+n ++n en*e,i se,-+ +=in ++ si+n* h+,i 6+n*,i en7+,i e,linun*+n i lo,on* +-+u lu9+n* i 9+=+h -uu+n +un>+un i 9+=+h +/u> +/u +n i 9e9+-u+n ('+iin1"""). +n*,i en*e,i en*+n en**un++n eu+ s+/+n/+. Su+,+ e,i+n 6+n*,i ih+sil+n +,i o,*+n s-,iul+-o,i. O,*+n -e,se9u- 9e,u+ e9uluh +,+h /+n* 9e,++ i 9+=+h s+/+ 6+n*,i. e-i+ ++n en*e,i 6+n*,i 6+n-+n ++n ele9+,+n s+/+n/+. e-i+ s+/+n/+ i,en-+n*+n ++ e9,+n i 9+=+h s+/+ ++n 9e,*e-+, sehin**+ -i9ull+h 9un/i ,i>,i>,i /+n* n/+,in*.
. #SIM'ULAN
5e,+s+,+n e,7o9++n /+n* -el+h il+u+n ,+-i+n ++- en/iul+n 9+h=+: 1. +n*,i e,eson s-iul+n en*+n 7+,+ en*h+sil+n su+,+ e,i+n. 2. +n*,i 6+n-+n le9ih se,in* en*e,i i -e+- /+n* *el+ +n i -e+- /+n* -e,++- +s+n*+n 6+n*,i 9e-in+
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
+9ell . 200C. Biologi Jilid 3 Edisi 8. ++,-+: #,l+n**+. #,i+n. 200@. Evaluasi Pemberian Lumpur pada Kandang terhadap Perorma Jang!ri! . F+ul-+s 'e-e,n++n. 5+nun* : Ins-i-u- 'e,-+ni+n 5o*o,. F,ie +n H+eenos. 200@. "chaum#s $utline o Biologi. ++,-+: #,l+n**+. Lilies S. . 200. Kunci %eterminasi "erangga& Program 'asional Pelatihan dan Pengambangan Pengendalian Hama (erpadu . &o*/++,-+ : +nisius. M+ns/ F. 2002. Perorma Jang!ri! Kalung )Gryllusbimanculatus*. 5+nun* : Ins-i-u'e,-+ni+n 5o*o,. '+iin F. 5. L. #. 'u6i+s-u-i +n #,ni=+-i. 1""". "u!ses Beterna! Jang!ri! . ++,-+ : 'ene9+, S=++/+. Resh %. H. +n +,e R. T. 200. Encyclopedia o +nsects. Ne= &o, : A7+ei7 ',ess. Su+,no. 2003. Budidaya Jang!ri! . &o*/++,-+ : +nisius.
