LABORATORIO N°8 - DIVISION CELULARrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE PIURA

9/10/2012

ESTRUCTURA DE FUNCION CELULAR CELULAR Y TISULAR TISUL AR I

PRÁCTI CA N 08

DIVISION CELULAR

ISAAC VILLALOBOS SOSA DRA. VIOLETA MORIN GARRIDO

DIVISION CELULAR

DEPARTAMENTO DE MORFOFISIOLOGIA ESTRUCTURA DE FUNCION CELULAR Y TISULAR I

PRÁCTICA DE LABORATORIO Nº 8 DIVISION CELULAR OBJETIVOS: 

Evidencia !a" #a"e" de !a $i%&"i" en c'!(!a" $ei"%e$)%ica" *i$aia"+ e" deci de ceci$ien%& ac%iv&+ c&n e" e! ca"& de !a c&,a



de !a a- de ce/&!!a. Teida c&n &ce-na ac'%ica a! 12. O/"eva+ ec&n&ce 3 di#eencia !a" #a"e" de !a $i%&"i" 4(e



,na!ian en !a d(*!icaci5n de !a c'!(!a. Rec&n&ce !&" c&$&"&$a" 3 !&" c&$&"&$a" 6&$5!&7&" d(an%e !a $i%&"i".

FUNDAMENTO TEORICO: T&da" !a" c'!(!a" de c(a!4(ie *!an%a & ani$a! *&ceden de (na nica c'!(!a inicia!9 E"%a e" ca*a de dividi"e 3 da !(7a a d&" c'!(!a" 6i:a". Cada (na de e"%a" c'!(!a" 6i:a" "e v(e!ve a dividi+ 3 a"- "(ce"iva$en%e. La" c'!(!a" "e $(!%i*!ican 6a"%a #&$a (n &7ani"$&. La divi"i5n de !a c'!(!a e" nece"aia *aa 4(e (n &7ani"$& "e de"a&!!e+ ceca & e*ae "(" %e:id&" daad&". El ciclo celular

De"de 4(e (na c'!(!a ;nace< 6a"%a 4(e "e divide en d&" c'!(!a" 6i:a" %an"c(e (n *ei&d& de %ie$*&+ !!a$ad& cic!& ce!(!a. En cada cic!& ce!(!a 6a3 d&" e%a*a"= !a in%e#a"e 3 !a $i%&"i". La in%e#a"e e" e! *ei&d& de %ie$*& 4(e %an"c(e an%e" de 4(e !a c'!(!a "e divida. D(an%e !a in%e#a"e+ !a c'!(!a cece 3 c&*ia !a" e"%(c%(a" 4(e !a #&$an+ c&$& !a" $i%&c&ndia" & !&" c!&&*!a"%&"+ 3 >!& 2

DIVISION CELULAR


$)" i$*&%an%e? e! ADN 4(e #&$a !&" c&$&"&$a" "e d(*!ica $edian%e (n *&ce"& !!a$ad& e*!icaci5n. D(an%e !a $i%&"i"+ !a c'!(!a "e divide 3 da !(7a a d&" c'!(!a" 6i:a"+ c(3& n$e& de c&$&"&$a" e" i7(a! a! de !a c'!(!a $ade. La mitosis

Una ve 4(e !a c'!(!a 6a ea!iad&+ d(an%e !a in%e#a"e+ (na c&*ia de "( ADN+ en%a en (n *&ce"& de divi"i5n ce!(!a+ 4(e eci/e e! n&$/e de $i%&"i". La $i%&"i" "e divide en c(a%& #a"e"= !a *&#a"e+ !a $e%a#a"e+ !a ana#a"e 3 !a %e!&#a"e. D(an%e e"%e *&ce"&+ e! nc!e& "e divide en d&"+ 3 !&" c&$&"&$a" "e "e*aan en d&" 7(*&" i7(a!e"+ cada (n& de !&" c(a!e" "e di"*&ne en (n e@%e$& de !a c'!(!a. A!eded& de cada 7(*& de c&$&"&$a" "e #&$an !a" $e$/ana"+ 4(e de!i$i%a)n !&" d&" nc!e&". En !a !%i$a #a"e+ e! ci%&*!a"$a "e divide en d&" 3 "e #&$an d&" c'!(!a" 6i:a". A6&a+ cada c'!(!a 6i:a en%a en (n n(ev& cic!& ce!(!a. La $i%&"i" a"e7(a 4(e cada (na de !a" c'!(!a" de (n &7ani"$& *!(ice!(!a %en7a e! $i"$& n$e& de c&$&"&$a" 4(e !a" de$)" 3+ de e"a $anea+ "e c&n"eve !a in#&$aci5n 7en'%ica 4(e de%e$ina !a" caac%e-"%ica" de! &7ani"$&. La meiosis: un tipo de división celular especial

Paa 4(e !&" "ee" viv&" c&n e*&d(cci5n "e@(a! %en7an de"cendien%e"+ e" nece"ai& 4(e "e (nan d&" c'!(!a" e"*ecia!e"+ !!a$ada" c'!(!a" "e@(a!e" & 7a$e%&". La (ni5n de e"%a" d&" c'!(!a" da &i7en a &%a n(eva+ !!a$ada 6(ev& & ci7&%&. A *a%i de e"%a+ "e cean $i!!&ne" de c'!(!a" 4(e van a #&$a e! n(ev& &7ani"$&. La" c'!(!a" "e@(a!e" "&n e"*ecia!e"+ *(e" %ienen !a $i%ad de c&$&"&$a" 4(e e! e"%& de !a" c'!(!a" de! &7ani"$& a! 4(e 3

DIVISION CELULAR


*e%enecen. C5$& e" *&"i/!e 4(e e"%& &c(a9 La" c'!(!a" "e@(a!e" *&ceden de (n %i*& de divi"i5n ce!(!a e"*ecia! 4(e "e !!a$a $ei&"i". E"%& *e$i%e 4(e+ a! (ni"e !a" c'!(!a" "e@(a!e" & 7a$e%&"+ n& "e #&$e (na c'!(!a c&n d&/!e n$e& de c&$&"&$a". La $ei&"i" c&$*ende d&" divi"i&ne" ce!(!ae" "(ce"iva" d(an%e !a" c(a!e" e! n$e& de c&$&"&$a" "e ed(ce a !a $i%ad. La" c(a%& c'!(!a" 6i:a" 4(e "e #&$an "&!& %ienen !a $i%ad de! n$e& de c&$&"&$a". E"%a" c'!(!a" "&n !a" c'!(!a" "e@(a!e" & 7a$e%&". De e"%a $anea+ c(and& d&" c'!(!a" "e@(a!e" "e (nen+ cada (na a*&%a) "&!& !a $i%ad de !&" c&$&"&$a". C&$& c&n"ec(encia+ e! 6(ev& & ci7&%& %end) e! n$e& n&$a! de c&$&"&$a" de! &7ani"$& a! 4(e *e%enece. Gacia" a !a $ei&"i"+ e! n$e& de c&$&"&$a" *e$anece c&n"%an%e en !&" "ee" viv&" c&n e*&d(cci5n "e@(a!.

MATERIALES:          

C&,a de a- de ce/&!!a A!!i($ ce*a Bi"%(- Pa*e! ,!%& a/"&/en%e La$ina" *&%a&/:e%&" F5"#&&" Mec6e& de a!c&6&! Oce-na ac'%ica L(na de e!&: Pe5@id& de 6id57en& La$ini!!a" Macad& de vidi&

4

DIVISION CELULAR


PROCEDIMIENTO EXPERIMENTAL: 1. C&!&ca (n /(!/& de ce/&!!a :&ven+ !i$*ia!& de !a" 6&:a" 3 a-ce" "eca" 3 c&!&ca!& e$/e/id& en (n #a"c& & va"& c&n a7(a "&"%enida c&n 0 *a!i%&" $&ndadien%e" *aa 4(e "( /a"e "e "&"%en7a "&/e !a "(*e,cie de! !-4(id&. La" a-ce" cecen en 0 5 0 d-a"+ e"*ea 6a"%a 4(e !!e7an a (n $)@i$& de  c$.

. C&n a3(da de (na 7(i!e%%e & /i"%(-+ c&%a a*&@i$ada$en%e $$. de !a" *(n%i%a" de !a" aici!!a"+ 3 c&!&ca!a" en !a *!aca de Pe%i+ a7e7a !a &ce-na ac'%ica 3 ca!en%a+ evi%and& 4(e 6ieva+ "5!& &/"eva 4(e "e e$*iean a e$i%i va*& 3 e%ia!a".

. C&!&ca cada *&ci5n %eida de aici!!a en (n *&%a&/:e%&" c&n (na 7&%i%a de &ce-na 3 c&!&ca e! c(/e&/:e%&" enci$a+ *e"i&na 5

DIVISION CELULAR


"(ave$en%e c&n e! eve"& de (n !)*i & "ea c&n e! /&ad&+ a!7& "(ave+ 6ace (n "4(a"6 3 !i$*ia !a !)$ina *& !&" c&"%ad&" "i 6(/iea e@ceden%e de c&!&an%e.

H. L!eva !a !)$ina a! $ic&"c&*i&+ e$*eand& *& e! $en& a($en%& 3 !(e7& ca$/iand& a $a3& a($en%&+ ec&n&ce !&" c&$&"&$a" c&$& e"%(c%(a" in%en"a$en%e %eida" c&n e! c&!&an%e den%& de !a" di#een%e" #a"e" de !a $i%&"i" 3 &/"eva %a$/i'n !&" c&$&"&$a" 6&$5!&7&" de !a METAFASE. De/e /("ca %a$/i'n (na c'!(!a 4(e n& e"%' en divi"i5n & "ea en e"%ad& de e*&"& & INTERFASE.

CONCLUSIONES: 

En !a *)c%ica de !a/&a%&i& "e &/"ev5 e! c&$ien& de !a %e!&#a"e de !a $i%&"i"+ :("%& an%e" de 4(e !a c'!(!a "e e"%an7(!e *& "( 6

DIVISION CELULAR


cen%& 3 "e "e*ae en d&" c'!(!a" 6i:a" c&n !a $i"$a ca7a 

7en'%ica. En !a" c'!(!a" 4(e n& "e &/"eva e"a inicia! "e*aaci5n "e *(ede ded(ci

4(e

e"%)n

en

$e%a#a"e

$)@i$a

c&nden"aci5n

c&$&"5$ica+ en d&nde "e *(ede ea!ia e! cai&%i*& "i "e 

di"*&ne de (n $a3& a($en%&. L&" ci%&"%)%ic&" c&$& !a &ce-na 3 !a C&!c6icina "&n (%i!iad&" en e! %a%a$ien%& c&n%a e! c)nce *&4(e i$*iden 4(e "e c&$*!e%en !a" e%a*a" de !a divi"i5n ce!(!a.

RECOMENDACIONES: 

La c&,a de d&nde "e e@%ae) e! %e:id& $ei"%e$)%ic& de/e "e !& $)" ecien%e *&"i/!e+ 6a3 4(e !!eva!a a! !a/&a%&i& "($e7ida en



a7(a *aa 4(e "e $an%en7an !a" c'!(!a" en divi"i5n. L&" c&%e" en !)$ina+ de! %e:id& $ei"%e$)%ica+ de/en "e !& $)" ,n&" *&"i/!e" *aa 4(e !a $(e"%a "e ad6iea $(c6& $e:& a !a



!)$ina *&%a&/:e%&". De:a $ani*(!a a! *&#e"& !&" a7en%e" ci%&"%)%ic&" nece"ai&" *aa e! e@*ei$en%& 3 a%ende "(" indicaci&ne" de"de e! c&$ien&+ *aa c&$*ende e! $ecani"$& de !a" "("%ancia" 4(e a7e7a.

CUESTIONARIO:

7

DIVISION CELULAR


1.- ¿Por q! "# #$%&# $' (o)' *# $' r'+, *# (#o$$' 'r' #/#(0'r #$ ##r%2#30o4 P&4(e e" en !&" $ei%e$&"+ a*ica!e" 3 adic(!ae" d&nde "e enc(en%a !a $a3& can%idad de %e:id& $ei"%e$)%ic&+ 4(e e"%) #&$ad& *& c'!(!a" en c&n"%an%e divi"i5n. Y "i e"%)n en c&n"%an%e divi"i5n e@i"%e !a $a3& *&/a/i!idad de enc&n%a c'!(!a" en $i%&"i". La co!a o "a#$!%& ''a#a(a ca'!)"*a ca+,-.". o )!'o**!a .+ -& ca)-c& ,-. )*o".. a' )!c. *a(!ca' (. 'a *a a #.(!(a ,-. %+". +. !&"*o(-c. ca(a . #+ .& .' +-.'o )a*a .!"a* .' (ao )*o(-c!(o )o* .' *oa#!.&"o #.c&!co *a(!ca' .&"*. 'a+ )a*"c-'a+ (.' +-.'o8 So*!.& .+" .& .' .#$*!& (. co&".&!(o .& 'a +.#!''a *a(c-'a: E+ )o* .''o ,-. )a*a 'a *.a'!ac!& (. .+". .;).*!#.&"o +'o +. a .;"*a(o 'a co!a )o*,-. .+ .& .+"a )a*". (o&(. 'a *a "!.&. +- )*oc.+o (. c*.c!#!.&"o < *.)*o(-cc!& < +. )o(*a .* co& #-ca c'a*!(a( .' )*oc.+o (. #!"o+!+ .& +-+ c%'-'a+ )a*a ,-. a+ 'a )'a&"a )-.(a a$+o.* -&a #a
5.- ¿Por q! $' 2%0o"%" "# (o3"%*#r' 3 ro(#"o *# %&'$ 0r'3"2%"%63 *# 2'0#r%'$ 7#3!0%(o4 P&4(e en !a $i%&"i" "&!& "e *&d(ce !a c&*ia de &%a c'!(!a e" deci "e *&d(ce (na c'!(!a c&n e! $i"$& $a%eia! 7en'%ic& 3 !a $i"$a e@*e"i5n #en&%-*ica. Ac%a c&$& (n $ecani"$& 4(e a"e7(a cada c'!(!a 6i:a eci/ida !a $i"$a in#&$aci5n 7en'%ica. La $i%&"i" e" di#een%e a !a $ei&"i"+ 3a 4(e en !a $i%&"i" "e da !a c&n"evaci5n n($'ica en !& 4(e "e e,ee a ca7a" c&$&"&$)%ica"+ e" deci+ c'!(!a" $ade di*!&ide" &i7inaan c'!(!a" 6i:a" %a$/i'n di*!&ide".

.-

¿Por q! 3o #" o"%$# 9%"'$%,'r $o" (ro2o"o2'" #3 $'

%30#r/'"#4 E" 4(e d(an%e !a in%e#a"e !&" c&$&"&$a" "e enc(en%an en #&$a de c&$a%ina di#("a+ !& 4(e 6ace $(3 di#-ci! "( &/"evaci5n 3 di#eenciaci5n. =

DIVISION CELULAR


C(and& eci'n !a c'!(!a en%a en divi"i5n e"%a c&$a%ina c&$iena a c&nden"a"e 6a"%a (n *(n%& $)@i$& de c&nden"aci5n $e%a#a"e.

.- E$%q# $'" #0''" *# $' 2%0o"%" La $i%&"i" c&$*ende c(a%& #a"e"= *&#a"e+ $e%a#a"e+ ana#a"e 3 %e!&#a"e. 1. Pro/'"#+ en e"%a *i$ea e%a*a+ e! $a%eia! c&$&"5$ic& !!a$ad& c&$a%ina "e c&nden"a 3 a*aece 7ad(a!$en%e c&$& /aa" c&%a" 3 !&" c&$&"&$a" *(eden c&$ena a &/"eva"e c&n e! $ic&"c&*i&. Cada c&$&"&$a c&n"%a de d&" 6e/a" !!a$ada" c&$)%ida"+ !a" c(a!e" "e $an%ienen (nida" *& (na *a%e !!a$ada cen%5$e&+ *&"een ade$)"+ (na &na e@%ena !!a$ada cine%&c&&. A $edida 4(e !&" c&$&"&$a" "e 6acen $)" vi"i/!e" &c(en d&" even%&" den%& de !a c'!(!a+ !a $e$/ana de! nc!e& 3 (na *&ci5n c&n%enida en '! !!a$ada n(c!'&!& "e de"in%e7an 3 a*aece (na n(eva e"%(c%(a %idi$en"i&na! en #&$a de /a!5n de #(%/&! a$eican& den&$inada 6("& $i%5%ic&. C&n"i"%e de $ic&%/(!&" 4(e "e e@%ienden *& !a c'!(!a. La" ,/a" de! 6("& $i%5%ic& 7(-an a !&" c&$&"&$a" en "(" $&vi$ien%&" d(an%e

!a

$i%&"i".

. M#0'/'"#+ e" !a "e7(nda e%a*a de !a $i%&"i" d(an%e !a c(a! !&" *ae" de c&$)%ida" "e $(even 6acia e! cen%& & ec(ad& de !a c'!(!a. La" c&$)%ida" "e di"*&nen en (na ,!a #&$and& )n7(!&" ec%&" c&n !a" ,/a" de! 6("& $i%5%ic&. E! cen%5$e& de cada *a de c&$)%ida" "e *e7a a (na ,/a de! 6("& $i%5%ic&. . A3'/'"#+ e" !a %ecea e%a*a de !a $i%&"i"J a! c&$ien&+ e! cen%5$e& de cada *a "e divide 3 !&" c&$&"&$a" "e*aad&" "&n :a!ad&" 6acia !&" *&!&" & e@%e$&" de! 6("& $i%5%ic& *& !a" ,/a" de! 6("&

4(e 9

"e

6an

*e7ad&

a!

cine%&c&&.

DIVISION CELULAR


H. T#$o/'"# e" !a !%i$a e%a*a de !a $i%&"i"+ !&" c&$&"&$a" %&$an !a #&$a de 6i!&"+ "e a!a7an 3 4(edan c&$& e"%a/an a! c&$ien& de !a *&#a"e. E! 6("& $i%5%ic& "e &$*e+ ea*aece e! n(c!'&!& 3 "e #&$a (na $e$/ana n(c!ea a!eded& de !&" c&$&"&$a"+ !&" c(a!e" *a"an a (n e"%ad& n& c&nden"ad& & c&$a%ina. En !a %e!&#a"e "e #&$an d&" nc!e&" 6i:&" cai&cine"i" 3 e! ci%&*!a"$a %a$/i'n c&$*!e%a "( divi"i5n ci%&cine"i" $edian%e (n *!e7a$ien%& de !a $e$/ana 4(e c&$iena de"de !a *ei#eia en !a *a%e $edia 3 *&7e"a 6acia e! cen%& de !a c'!(!a+ de %a! $anea 4(e ,na!$en%e "e &/%ienen d&" c'!(!a" 6i:a" c&n i7(a! d&%aci5n de c&$&"&$a" 3 ci%&*!a"$a divi"i5n ec(a%&ia!.

10

DIVISION CELULAR


;.- <# r#&$'*or#" *# $' 2%0o"%" "# *'3= q# "'$9'&'r*'3 q# $o" (ro2o"o2'" "# >'

"#'r'*o '*#('*'2#30# #$%q#

r#9#2#30#. E@i"%en *&%e-na" e7(!ad&a" de! cic!& ce!(!a. Un& de e!!&" e" e! c&$*!e:& SCF #(nci&ne" *aa c&n%&!a e! %)n"i%& de G1 a #a"e S 3 e! &%& "e !!a$a !a *&$&ci5n de c&$*!e:&" ana#a"e APC+ 4(e c&n%&!a !&" nive!e" de !a M#a"e c3c!ina" a"- c&$& &%&" e7(!ad&e" de !a $i%&"i". Una #(nci5n i$*&%an%e de APC e" e! c&n%&! de !a a*e%(a de 6e$ana c&$a%-dica" "e*aaci5n 4(e "e inicia en !a %an"ici5n ana#a"e $e%a#a"e.

BIBLIO7RAF?A: 6%%*=KK/eni%&/i&"./!&7"*&%.c&$K00K0K#a"e"de!a$i%&"i".6%$! DE ROBERTIS 00 BIOLOGIA CELULAR

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MOLECULAR 1 VA EDICIN. EDITORIAL= EL ATENEO.

6%%*=KK%6e$edica!/i&c6e$i"%3*a7e.&7K"*ani"6Kce!!c3c!e"*.6%$!

11

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LABORATORIO N°8 - DIVISION CELULARrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr

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