“UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ”
FACULTAD DE INGENIERIA MECANICA Y ELECTRICA LABORATORIODE ENERGIA Y MAQUINAS TERMICAS
CURSO LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I
CATEDRATICO ING. MSc. TUMIALAN HINOSTROZA JUAN PRACTICA DE LABORATORIO MEDICION Y ANALISIS DE LA VISCOSIDAD FLUIDOS DATOS PERSONALES DIAZ GUEVARA YORBIN CESPEDES GUEVARA JOAQUIN SANCHEZ ZEÑA JHONY POZO JABO TEOBALDO CARRASCO SEGURA ROBINSON CATEDRA URIARTE GEYLA TARRILLO TARRILLO NUNTON JOEL CODIGO CICLO 2009- II 202 ! II NOTA
FECHA 2"#0$#%
Lambayeque MAYO MAYO del 2013
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
MEDICION Y ANALISIS DE LA VISCOSIDAD DE FLUIDOS I.
OBJETIVOS:
II.
M&'(c()* '& +, (c/(',' '&+ 1*'(c& '& (c/(',' '& * ,c&(3& *&/. C/456/7,6 +/ 6&+3,'/ /73&*('/ c/* +, 3,7+, '&+ 8,76(c,*3&.
INTODUCCION. L, (c/(',' & * 5,64&36/ '& +/ 8+('/ :& 3(&*& (45/63,*c(, &* '(&6, ,5+(c,c(/*& (*'36(,+&; 5,63(c+,64&*3& &* &+ '&&45&c+,. T,47(>* & &+& '&8(*(6 +, (c/(',' c/4/ *, 56/5(&',' '& +/ 8+('/ :& c,, 86(cc()*; &3/ ', /6(=&* , +, 5>6'(', '& &*&6=1, &* &+ 8+?/ 8+('/. L, (45/63,*c(, '& +, 86(cc()* &* +, .(32,c(/*&. 81.(c,. '&5&*'& '&+ 3(5/ '& 8+('/ '& +, c/*8(=26,c()* 81(c, / 5,36)* '& 8+?/. S( +, 86(cc()* & '&.56&c(,7+&; & c/*('&6, &+ 8+?/ c/4/ ('&,+.
III.
FUNDAMENTO TEORICO Defii!i". L, (c/(',' & *, 56/5(&',' 81(c/-:14(c, '& +/ 8+('/ 6&56&&*3, +, 6&(3&*c(, :& 56&&*3,* +/ 8+('/ ,+ 8+(6. L/ 8+('/ 6&,+& 4&36,* *, ,45+(, '(&6(8(c,c()* '& 6&(3&*c(, , +/ &8&6@/ c/63,*3&. L, (c/(',' & +, /5/(c()* '& * 8+('/ , +, '&8/64,c(/*& 3,*=&*c(,+&. U* 8+('/ :& */ 3(&*& (c/(',' & ++,4, 8+('/ ('&,+. E* 6&,+(',' 3/'/ +/ 8+('/ c/*/c('/ 56&&*3,* ,+=/ '& (c/(','; (&*'/ &+ 4/'&+/ '& (c/(',' *+, *, ,56/(4,c()* 7,3,*3& 7&*, 5,6, c(&63, ,5+(c,c(/*&. L, &* +1:('/ (c/(',' )+/ & 4,*(8(&3, &* 4/(4(&*3/; , :& c,*'/ &+ 8+('/ &3 &* 6&5//; +, 5&68(c(& 5&64,*&c& 5+,*,.
V#$i#!i" %e &# 'i(!)(i%#% !) &# *e+,e$#*-$#. E+ ,c&(3& 5,6, * 4/3/6; 5/6 +/ =&*&6,+ & 7,3,*3& '(81c(+ '& ,c(,6 c,*'/ &3 861/; +/ c,+ (*'(c, :& 3(&*& *, (c/(',' ,+3,. C/*8/64& +,
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
3&45&6,36, '&+ ,c&(3& , ,4&*3,*'/; (c/(',' '(4(*& */3,7+&4&*3&; c/4/ & (+36, &* +, 8(=6, . T/'/ +/ +1:('/ &(7&* &3& c/45/63,4(&*3/ &* ,+=* =6,'/.
F(=6, . I*8+&*c(, '& +, 3&45&6,36, /76& +, (c/(','.
Efe!*) %e &# ,$e(i" ()$e &# 'i(!)(i%#%.
L1:('/ L, (c/(',' '& +, 4,/6 5,63& '& +/ +1:('/ */ & & ,8&c3,', 5/6 56&(/*& 4/'&6,',; 5&6/ , 56&(/*& ,+3, & , &*c/*36,'/ :& +, (c/(',' c6&c& &*(7+&4&*3&. T,+ & &+ c,/; 5/6 &?&45+/; '& +, (c/(',' '&+ ,=, , 0 000 ,34; :& & &+ '/7+& '&+ ,+/6 c/66&5/*'(&*3& , ,34. G,& L, (c/(',' '& +/ =,& & &&*c(,+4&*3& (*'&5&*'(&*3& '& +, 56&()* c,*'/ &3 3/4, ,+/6& &*36& */ c,*3/ c&*3>(4/ '& *, ,34)8&6, *, c,*3, ,34)8&6,.
Le/ %e e0*) %e &# 'i(!)(i%#%. I,,c N&3/* '&8(*() , +, (c/(',' c/*('&6,*'/ &+ 4/'&+/ 6&56&&*3,'/ &* +, 8(=6, . D/ 5+,c, 5,6,+&+, &5,6,', 5/6 *, '(3,*c(, ; c/* &+ &5,c(/ &*36& &++, ++&*/ '& 8+('/; *, '& &++, 8(?, +, /36, 4)(+. L, 5+,c, 8(?, (* 4/(4(&*3/ & &*c&*36, &* c/*3,c3/ c/* &+ 8+('/; 5/6 +/ 3,*3/ 3(&*&* *, &+/c(',' (=,+; &* c,47(/ +, 5+,c, 5&6(/6 & 4&& , *, &+/c(',' c/*3,*3& V ,+ ,c3,6 /76& &++, *, 8&6@, F 3,47(>* c/*3,*3&.
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
F(=6, 2. P+,*/ 5,6,+&+/ '& * 8+('/. N&3/* ,4() :& +, 8&6@, 6&:&6(', 5,6, 4,*3&*&6 &3 '(8&6&*c(, &* &+/c(',' &6, 56/5/6c(/*,+ , +, '(8&6&*c(, &* &+/c(',' , 36,> '&+ +1:('/; / &+ =6,'(&*3& '& &+/c(','. P,6, &56&,6 &3/; N&3/* &c6(7()
UNIDADES DE VISCOSIDAD
Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SIU); +, *(',' 81(c, '&
(c/(',' '(*4(c, & N × s Kg PASCAL× Seg = = 2 m×s m
Sistema cegesimal de unidades (CGS) 5,6, +, (c/(',' '(*4(c, &
&+ 5/(& 1 POISE=
1 dina× seg
cm
2
=
1g
cm×s
S& &+& ,6 4 74+3(5+/ &+ c&*3(5/(& cP. E+ c&*3(5/(& & 4 ,'/ '&7('/ , :& &+ ,=, 3(&*& *, (c/(',' '& ;0020 cP , 20 KC.
EQUIVALENCIA: 1 POISE=1 g ×
( cm×s )− =1 dina×s×cm− =0 . 1 Pa × s 1
2
C/ */476& /4&*,?&, ,+ 8(()+/=/ 86,*c> Jean Louis Marie Poiseuille 99-"9.
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
GRADOS DE VISCOSIDAD SAE L, Sociedad de Ingenieros Automotrices , '&,66/++,'/ * (3&4, '& ,+/6,c()* &* ,c&(3& '& 4/3/6 +76(c,*3& '& &*=6,*& '& &?&; :& (*'(c, +, (c/(',' '& +/ ,c&(3& , 3&45&6,36, &5&c(8(c,.
L/ ,c&(3& :& 3(&*&* &+ 8(?/ '&7&* 3&*&6 (c/(','& c(*&43(c, &* +/ (*3&6,+/ (*'(c,'/ , 00 C. L/ ,c&(3& 4+3(=6,'/; c/4/ '&7&* c45+(6 c/* +, */64, &* +, c/*'(c(/*& '& 7,?, ,+3, 3&45&6, 36,. L, &5&c(8(c,c(/*& '& ,+/6& '& (c/(',' 4(4, , 7,?, 3&45&6,36, 5,6, ,c&(3& &3* 6&+,c(/*,', c/* +, c,5,c(',' '&+ ,c&(3& 5,6, 8+(6 ,c(, +, 5&68(c(& :& *&c&(3,* +76(c,c()*; , +, &+/c(','& '& 4/3/6 :& & ,+c,*@,* '6,*3& &+ (*(c(/ '&+ 8*c(/*,4(&*3/ , 7,?, 3&45&6,36,.
1. F2RMULA DE STO3ES C,*'/ * c&65/ & 4&& &* &+ &*/ '& * 8+('/ (c// +, 6&(3&*c(, :& 56&&*3, &+ 4&'(/ '&5&*'& '& +, &+/c(',' 6&+,3(, '& +, 8/64, '&+ c&65/. E+ 6>=(4&* '& 8+?/ & +,4(*,6 c,*'/ +, &+/c(',' 6&+,3(, & (*8&6(/6 , c(&63/ ,+/6 c613(c/; +, 6&(3&*c(, :& /86&c& &+ 4&'(/ & '&7(', c,( &c+(,4&*3& , +, 8&6@, '& 6/@,4(&*3/ :& & /5/*&* ,+ 6&7,+,4(&*3/ '& *, c,5, '& 8+('/ /76& /36,; , 5,63(6 '& +, c,5, +14(3& ,'&6(', ,+ c&65/.
George Gabriel
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
S& , c/456/7,'/ &5&6(4&*3,+4&*3&; :& +, 6&+3,*3& '& &3, 8&6@, & *, 8*c()* '& +, 56(4&6, 5/3&*c(, '& +, &+/c(',' 6&+,3(,. P,6, &+ c,/ '& *, &8&6,; +, &56&()* '& '(c, 8&6@, & c/*/c& c/4/ +, fórmula de Stokes. F r =6 πηrv
Donde:
η
:
r : v
:
Viscosidad del fluido. Radio de la esfera. Velocidad de la esfera.
Esfe ra
C)+,)(i!i" / #%i*i')(. L, c/45/(c()* '& * 4,3&6(,+ & '&3&64(*,*3& &* (c/(','. C,*'/ &3, c/45/(c()* & ,+3&6,',; (*/ 5/6 &+ c,47(/ &* +, 56/5/6c(/*& '& +, 73,*c(, '&+ c/45/*&*3&; / 5/6 +, ,'(c()* '& /36/ 4,3&6(,+&; * c,47(/ &* +, (c/(',' & 7,3,*3& ,5,6&*3&. P/6 &?&45+/; +, ,'(c()* '& /+&*3& , +, 3(*3, '& (456&*3, 6&'c& +, (c/(',' '& +, 3(*3, ,'&4 4c/ ,'(3(/ /* 3(+(@,'/ 5,6, c/*36/+,6 +, 56/5(&','& =&/+)=(c, '& 5(*36,. Me%i!i" %e # 'i(!)(i%#%. L/ 56/c&'(4(&*3/ &+ &:(5/ 5,6, 4&'(6 +, (c/(',' /* *4&6//. A+=*/ &45+&,* +/ 56(*c(5(/ 8*',4&*3,+& '& +, 4&c*(c, '& 8+('/; 5,6, 3&*&6 +, (c/(',' &* *(','& 7(c,. O36/ (*'(c,* &c+(,4&*3& ,+/6& 6&+,3(/ '& +, (c/(',' :& & 5&'&* 3(+(@,6 5,6, c/45,6,6 '(8&6&*3& 8+('/. Vi(!)(4+e*$). U* (c/14&36/ '&*/4(*,'/ 3,47(>* (c/14&36/ & * (*364&*3/ 5,6, 4&'(6 +, (c/(',' ,+=*/ /36/ 5,64&36/ '& * 8+('/. F& I,,c
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
N&3/* &+ 56(4&6/ &* =&6(6 *, 8)64+, &c,c()* 2.% 5,6, 4&'(6 +, (c/(',' '& +/ 8+('/. E* P/(&(++& 4&?/6) +, 3>c*(c, &3'(,*'/ &+ 4/(4(&*3/ '& +1:('/ &* 37&61,.
A!ei*e( &-$i!#*e(. S& ++,4, +76(c,*3& , 3/', 3,*c(, )+(',; &4()+(', / +1:(', '& /6(=&* ,*(4,+; 4(*&6,+ / (*3>3(c/ :&; 5&3/ &*36& '/ 5(&@, c/* 4/(4(&*3/ &*36& &++,; 6&'c& &+ 6/@,4(&*3/ 8,c(+(3, &+ 4/(4(&*3/.
#5 F-!i)e(
L/ +76(c,*3& '&7&* 6&'c(6 ,+ 4(4/ +/ 6/@,4(&*3/ '& +/ )6=,*/ 4)(+& 8,c(+(3,*'/ &+ 4/(4(&*3/; 4&?/6,*'/ &+ 6&*'(4(&*3/ '&+ 4/3/6 '(4(*&*'/ &+ c/*4/ '& c,676,*3&. S/5/63,6 =6,*'& 56&(/*&. Ac3,6 c/4/ 8+('/ ('6+(c/. M,*3&*&6 +, (c/(',' 5/c/ ,6(,7+& ,*3& +/ c,47(/ '& 3&45&6,36,. Ac3,6 c/4/ 6&86(=&6,*3& & '&c(6 &,c,6 '& 4,*&6, &8(c,@ &+ c,+/6; &*86(,*'/ &+ 4/3/6 5,6, &(3,6 +, '&8/64,c()* '& +, 5(&@,. P6/3&=&6 +/ )6=,*/ 4&c*(c/ c/*36, &+ '&=,3& +, c/66/()* 5,6, =,6,*3(@,6 +, &8(c,c(, '&+ 4/3/6.
5 C&#(ifi!#!i" %e &)( &-$i!#*e(. C)f)$+e # (- )$i6e. L/ ,c&(3& &=&3,+& c/4/ &+ '& /+(, / c/+@,. A*(4,+&. M(*&6,+& c/4/ &+ '& 5&36)+&/ / +, ++,. C)f)$+e # (- e(*#%). L1:('/ c/4/ &+ ,c&(3&. S)+('/ c/4/ +, =6,,. S&4()+('/ c/4/ &+ =6,8(3/. G,&//.
!5 P$),ie%#%e( f4(i!#( %e &)( &-$i!#*e( U* 7&* ,c&(3& +76(c,*3&; , +/ +,6=/ '&+ 3(&45/ '& 3(+(@,c()*; */ '&7& 8/64,6 &c&(/ '&5)(3/ '& c,67)* *( 3&*&6 3&*'&*c(, , +, 8/64,c()* '& +/'/ *( c('/ 3,45/c/ '&7& c/*=&+,6& , 7,?,
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
3&45&6,36,. L/ ,c&(3& +76(c,*3&; & &+&cc(/*,* '& ,c&6'/ , +, (=(&*3& 56/5(&','& 81(c, V(c/(','. P*3/ '& (*8+,4,c()*. P*3/ '& 8&=/. P*3/ '& 8+('&@. R&('/ '& c,67)*. C/+/6. *'(c& '& (c/(','. G6,&',' API.
%5 G$#%) %e 'i(!)(i%#% SAE 7S)!ie*/ )f A-*)+)'i&e E6iee$(5 L/ ,c&(3& +76(c,*3& 5,6, &1c+/ /* 86&c&*3&4&*3& c+,(8(c,'/ '& ,c&6'/ , *, &6(& '& *4&6/ ++,4,'/ SAE; /6=,*(@,c()* c/*3(3(', &* +/ E3,'/ U*('/; *, '& c, 8(*,+(','& &6, (*36/'c(6 *, */4&*c+,36, STANDARD 4*'(,+ 5,6, c+,(8(c,c()* '& ,c&(3& '& 4/3/6. L, S/c(&',' '& I*=&*(&6/ A3/4/3/6& '& EE.UU. SAE c+,(8(c) , +/ ,c&(3& &=* (c/(',' ,'/53,*'/ c/4/ 3&45&6,36, '& 6&8&6&*c(, 00 =6,'/ c&*31=6,'/ 4,*3&*(&*'/ +, (c/(',' &* C&*3(3/& cS3. L/ +76(c,*3& &*36,* 7(c,4&*3& &* '/ c,3&=/61, c/4/ & (+36, &* +, T,7+, V +/ 4/*/ =6,'/ +/ 4+3(=6,'/.
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
E3, c+,(8(c,c()* */ 3/ &* c&*3, :& * ,c&(3& SAE 20 &* c/*'(c(/*& '& 7,?, 3&45&6,36, ,4&*3,7, c/*('&6,7+&4&*3& (c/(',' */ (&*'/ ,53/ 5,6, *, /5&6,c()* c/66&c3, &* c+(4, 861/. S6=&* ,1 +/ ,c&(3& 3(5/ (*3&6 (*(&6*/ :& c76(61,* &3, '&8(c(&*c(,. S& ,45+() &*3/*c& +, c+,(8(c,c()* (*c/65/6,*'/ +/ =6,'/ SAE $; SAE 0;SAE 20 , +/ , &(3&*3&; c/4/ & (+36, &* +, T,7+, V. E* +, 8(=6, & 3(&*& ,+/6& '& (c/(','& '& * ,c&(3& '& =6,'/ SAE , '(8&6&*3& 3&45&6,36,.
e5 A!ei*e( +-&*i6$#%)( L/ +76(c,*3& :& 5&'&* 4,*3&*&6 6&*'(4(&*3/ &* 3&45&6,36, ,+3, 7,?, & ++,4,* 4+3(=6,'/. S& '&8(*&* c/* '/ *4&6/ E+ 56(4&6/ &=('/ 5/6 *, (*'(c, +,(c/(',' '&+ +76(c,*3& , 7,?, 3&45&6,36,; 4(&*36, :& &+ &=*'/ *4&6/ (*'(c, +, (c/(',' '&+ +76(c,*3& , ,+3, 3&45&6,36,. U* ,c&(3& 4+3(=6,'/ 6&'c& ,+ 41*(4/ +, '(8&6&*c(, '& (c/(',' c,*'/ , ,6(,c(/*& '& 3&45&6,36,. D& &3, 4,*&6, & /73(&*&* ,c&(3& '&*/4(*,'/ 4+3(=6,'/ =&*&6,+4&*3& '&(=*,'/ SAE 0-%0; SAE $-0; SAE $ ! %0; &3c. E* +, 8(=6, 9 & (+36, ,6(/ 3(5/ ,c&(3& 4+3(=6,'/ , '(8&6&*3& 3&45&6,36,. E* &+ A*&/ E; 8(=6, E- 8(=6, E-2 & 56&&*3,* &3/ 3(5/ '& ,c&(3&. L, &*3,?, '& ,6 ,c&(3& 4+3(=6,'/ /* F,c(+(',' '& ,66,*:& &* 861/. R5(', &*36,', &* 6>=(4&* 3>64(c/ '&+ 4/3/6. A/66/ '& 7,3&61, (3&4, '& ,66,*:&. A'&c,', (c/(',' &* 3/'/ &+ 6,*=/ '& 3&45&6,36,.
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
V(c/(',' '(*4(c, '& ,6(/ ,c&(3& 4+3(=6,'/.
IV.
EQUIPOS 8 INSTRUMENTOS Y MATERIALES: VISCOS9METRO.
Un Viscosímetro digit! FIME"
Mrc
" Broo#$e!d - DV % E VI&COMETER
Mode!o
"
LVD VE'()
&e*! N+m,er "
E).)
Vo!t/e
"
VASO CLEVELAND:
'() V
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
ACEITE
V. PROCEDIMIENTO 1. C/+/c,6 &* * +=,6 ,'&c,'/ &+ (c/14&36/ '& 3,+ 4,*&6, :& & &*c&*36& &* * *(&+ c/66&c3/ ,*3& '& 6&,+(@,6 c,+:(&6 56&7,. . E+&=(4/ &+ &*/6 ,'&c,'/ 5,6, *&36/ ,c&(3&; &* &3& c,/ & 36,7,?/ c/* &+ &*/6 NK ; & &+&cc(/*, +, 654 '& 36,7,?/. ;. S& 3/4,* +, 4&'(', '& +, (c/(',' '&+ ,c&(3&; &+/c(',' '& =(6/ 5/6c&*3,?& '& 86(cc()*.
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
VI.
DATOS E
V(c/(',' .$ ."9 .
654 20 %0 $0
86(cc()* 2. %.% "%
CUADRO DE CP VS RPM DEL VISCOSIMETRO
VII.
CONCLUSIONES Y RECOMENDACIONES.
&*/6 S0 S0 S0
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
A. CONCLUSIONES.
A 4&'(', :& ,4&*3, +, 3&45&6,36, &+ ,c&(3& & 4&*/ (c//
C,*'/ & 6&:(&6,* 3(+(@,6 +76(c,*3& c, (c/(','& '&7,* 5&64,*&c&6 c/*3,*3& ,*3& +/ c,47(/ '& 3&45&6,36,; & (45/63,*3& c/*('&6,6 *'(c& '& (c/(',' &c/=&6 ,:&++/ :& 3&*=,* 4,/6& ,+/6&.
L/ ,c&(3& c/4&6c(,+& c/*&*c(/*,+& 5,6, &+ &c3/6 (*'36(,+ 3(&*&* * IV ,+6&'&'/6 '& 909$ ,:&++/ '& 4,/6 5&68/64,*c& 5&6,* +/$"0.
L/ 56/'c3/ (*3>3(c/ =&*&6,+4&*3& 56&&*3,* 7&*/ IV. E* ,5+(c,c(/*& '& 4/3/6&; 5/6 +, *,36,+&@, '& &3& (3&4,; +/ 1*'(c& 4,*&?,'/ / 4 ,+3/ (&456& & '&&,6,* ,:&++/ ,c&(3& c/* +, c(86, 4 ,+3, 5/(7+& 0200.
B. RECOMENDACIONES. S& 6&c/4(&*', ,6 * 3(5/ '& ,c&(3& 5,6, c,', @/*, '& '(8&6&*3& 3&45&6,36,. E '&c(6 '/*'& &(3& 3&45&6,36, 4 7,?, ,6 ,c&(3& 4+3(=6,'/
VIII.
E+ / '& +76(c,*3& , '& ,c&6'/ ,+ 1*'(c& '& (c/(',' 3&*(&*'/ &* c&*3, +/ +=,6& &* &+ :& , , 36,7,?,6 &+ 4/3/6. T,47(>* & (45/63,*3& :& 5,6, c,', 3(5/ '& 4/3/6 & , '(8&6&*3& 3(5/ '& ,c&(3&.
BIBLIOGRAFIA Y LIN3OGRAFIA.
.(*7(/.c/4.,6 G6,'/ '& (c/(',' SAE. .4&c,c(,.c/4 T(5/ '& (c/14&36/. .('4,*.7(@. C6, '& ,6(,c()* '& +, (c/(',' '& '(8&6&*3& ,c&(3&.
LABORATORIO DE INGENIERIA MECANICA I FIME - UNPRG
335##'5,c&.&5/c.&'.&c#7(336&,4#2%$"9#2"#%#$T0
02.5'8 335##.7&*,3,6&,.c/4#&*,/#A*C%A+((--
M&'(c(C%B%*-D&-L,-V(c/(','#22999$.34+ 335##(*=.**&.&'.,6#57#(*8/64&+76(c,*3&.5'8 IRVING;S,4& H. M&c*(c, '& F+('/. %6,.&'. C/+/47(,
McG6,-H(++I*3&6,4&6(c,*,; S.A; 99$. ZABALA; G(+7&63/. A5*3& '& C/473()*. %6,.&'.
R(/7,47, ESPOCH;Oc376& D&+ 200%.
