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VELOCIDAD VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

CODIGO ESPECIALIDAD GRUPO SEMESTRE LABORATORIO

PG1014 C3 D 1 7

PRÁCTICA DE LABORATORIO Nº 06 VELOCIDAD VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

1. OBJ OBJETIV ETIVOS OS 1) Medi Medirr e!e e!eri" ri"e# e#$%& $%&"e "e#$e #$e &% &'#( &'#(i$ i$d d de '#d% '#d% e# #% #% *'&"# *'&"#% % *err%d% + %,ier$% de re-'#%#*i% de %ire. ) De$er"i#%r De$er"i#%r &% /e&'*id%d /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' -'#id' e# e& %ire. %ire. 3) C%&i,r%r # di%!%-# di%!%-# de re*e#*i% re*e#*i% *'#'*id%. *'#'*id%.

2. MATE MATERIA RIALES LES

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C'"!$%d C'"!$%d'r% 'r% !er-'#%& !er-'#%& *'# !r'(r%"% !r'(r%"% PASCO CapstoneTM i#-$%&%d'

VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

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.!"NDAMENTO TE#RICO .1. On$as en t%&os. Si # di%!%-# e- !e-$' e# /i,r%*i# + -'-$e#id' -',re #% *'& *'&"# "#% % de %ir %ire - -'#' -'#'ri rid% d%d d e!er !eri" i"e# e#$% $%r2 r2 # %"e %"e#$ #$' ' *'#-ider%,&e -i &% *'&"#% de %ire e- de $%& &'#(i$d *'"' !%r% /i,r%r e# %5#id%d *'# e& di%!%-#. T%& *'&"#% de %ire -e di*e 6e


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e-$% e# re-'#%#*i% *'# e& di%!%-#. L%- '#d%- *'&'*%d%- e# &% *'&"#% de %ire -'# &&%"%d%- '#d%- e-$%*i'#%ri%-. E& $,' *err%d' "%- *'r$' 8*er*%#' % # e$re"') 6e d%r2 re-'#%#*i% e- 9 de #% &'#(i$d de '#d% 89 λ) !er' -i e& $,' -e %*e %*e "2"2- &%r &%r(' (' &% re-'# e-'#%# %#*i *i% % '*r '*rri rir2 r2 $%", $%",i; i;# # e# *%r *%r$' $'i"!%re- e- de*ir 3<4λ <4 λ + %-= -*e-i/%"e#$e.

Si f e- &% &% re* re*e# e#*i% *i% de &% &% e#$ e#$e e +

&% &'# &'#(i$ (i$d d de de '#d% '#d%

e-$%*i'#%ri% e#$'#*e- &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' e-$2 d%d' !'r: V = λ ⋅ f

'1( U#% $,er=% *err%d% 8*'&"#% de %ire) $ie#e # #'d' N e# e& e$re $re"' *er *err%d' %d' + # %#$i#' $i#'d d' )a e# e& e$r $re"' e"' %,ie %,ier$ r$' '. De-%'r$#%d%"e#$e e& %#$i#'d' #' e-$2 -i$%d' e%*$%"e#$e e# e& e$re"' %,ier$' !er' -i # !'*' "2- %&&2 de ;&. U#% !e6e>% di-$%#*i% e- re6erid% !%r% 6e &% *'"!e#-%*i# de !re-i# -e% !'-i,&e. L% di-$ di-$%# %#*i *i% % de& de& %#$i %#$i#' #'d' d' -',r -',re e e& e$r e$re" e"' ' de& de& $,' $,' e&&%"%d' e& e$re"' de *'rre**i# + e- %!r'i"%d%"e#$e 0.? /e*ee& r%di' de &% $,er=%. De,id' %& e$re"' de *'rre**i# &% &'#(i$d de &% $,er=% e# &% 5(r% e# &% 5(r% 3.18%) -er2 # !'*' "e#'r 6e 9 λ. Si# e",%r(' &% di-$%#*i% e#$re d'- #'d'- "'-$r%d' e# &%- 5(r%- 3.1 8,) + 3.1 8*) d%r2# e& /%&'r e%*$' de @ λ. Pe-$' 6e &% di-$%#*i% VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

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e#$re d'- #'d'- e- @ λ !'de"'- ',$e#er &% &'#(i$d de '#d%  + -i &% re*e#*i% de &% e#$e e- *'#'*id% &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' % $e"!er%$r% %",ie#$e !ede -er ',$e#id% "edi%#$e &% e*%*i# 81). De e-$e /%&'r *'rre*$' de @ λ e& /%&'r /%&'r *'rre *'rre*$ *$' ' de 9 *'#'*i *'#'*id' d' + re-$% re-$%#d #d' ' &% &'#(i$ &'#(i$d d de &% $,er $,er=% =% e# 8%) 8%) de 9

λ λ

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est a&*e,to en a/&os et,e/os e t,e/os *'"' e# &% 5(r% 3.1 8d) de,e -er ',-er/%d' 6e &'- %#$i#'d'- %!%re*er2# e# %",'- e$re"'-. L% &'#(i$d de& $,' e# e-$e *%-' e- #% &'#(i$d de '#d%. E& $,' "2- *'r$' 6e re-'#%r=% $ie#e #% &'#(i$d de @ λ # #'d' e# e& *e#$r' + # %#$i#'d' e# *%d% e$re"'.

!*%,a. .1. Di%(r%"%Di%(r%"%- de re-'#%#*i% !%r% diere#$e&'#(i$de- de *'&"#% de %ire.


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E# e& *%-' *%-' 6e 6e $e#( $e#(%" %"''- e+ t%&o a&*e,to 8%,ier$' 8%,ier$' e# %",'%",'e$re"'-) e-$e *"!&e 6e &%- re-'#%#*i%- de &% "i-"% "%#er% *'"' -e *'"!'r$% #% *erd% /i,r%#$e *'# &% #i*% diere#*i% 6e &'- !%$r'#e- de '-*i&%*i# -'# &'- 6e "e-$r% &% 5(r% 3..

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e-$e e!eri"e#$' + 1.40 e- &% r%# de& *%&'r e-!e*=5*' de& %ire % !re-i# !re-i# *'#-$%#$e %& *%&'r e-!e*i5*' de& %ire % /'&"e# /'&"e# *'#-$%#$e. Pe-$' 6e &% de#-id%d de& %ire e- !r'!'r*i'#%& % &% !re-i# &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' e- i#de!e#die#$e de &'- *%",i'- de !re-i# de& de& %ir %ire. Si# Si# e",% e",%rr(' &% de#de#-id id%d %d de& de& %ir %ire e- i#/e i#/err-%" %"e# e#$e $e !r'!'r*i'#%& % - $e"!er%$r% %,-'&$%. De e-$e "'d' &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' e# e& %ire e- !r'!'r*i'#%& % &% r%= *%dr%d% de &% $e"!er%$r% %,-'&$%. Ade"2- -i &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' % #% $e"!er%$r%

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'( D'#de V1 + V2 -'# -'# &%- /e&' e&'*id% *id%de de- de& de& -'#i -'#id' d' % &%&%$e"!er%$r%$e"!er%$r%- %,-'&$%%,-'&$%- *'rre-!'#die# *'rre-!'#die#$e$e- de& %ire T1 + T2. Si #% de e-$%- $e"!er%$r%$e"!er%$r%- e- 0 !* e#$'#*e- &% e*%*i# 83) !ede -er de-%rr'&&%d% e# -erie- de T%+&'r + e& re-&$%d' %!r'i"%d' !'r:

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D'#de V0 e- &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' e# e& %ire e!re-%d' e# "<- % 0 C + V &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' e# e& %ire % #% $e"!er%$r% de T (r%d'- *e#$=(r%d'-.

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;.1 "san$o e+ p,o-eso $e $ete,/*na-*3n $e +a 4e+o-*$a$ $e+ son*$o ,espon$a= ;.1.1De +as ta&+as .1 a+ . $ete,/*na e+ 4a+o, p,o/e$*o $e +a 4e+o 4e+o-* -*$a $a$ $ $e+ $e+ son* son*$o $o en e+ +a&o +a&o,a ,ato to,* ,*o. o. ?@% ?@% 5a-to,es *n%en pa,a %e aa %na 4a,*a-*3n -on e+ 4a+o, te3,*-o $e 2 /7sF Ep+*-a. De 4.1 V!r'": 34.0 De 4. V!r'": 33.01 De 4.3 V!r'": 337. De 4.4 V!r'": 341.0? I#+e %*$'re- *'"' e& -e#$id' 6e !r'd*e# &'- de"2- %,&%#d' !'r &% &'#(i$d de& $,' de %ire !'r &% de- *%&i,r%*i# de& -e#-'r

;.1.2 ;.1.2 ?A %na %na te/pe,at te/pe,at%,a %,a $e 2; 2; ºC ?C%+ ?C%+ es +a 5,e-%en5,e-%en-*a *a $e+ tono 5%n$a/enta+ en %n t%&o -e,,a$o $e 1/ $e +on*t%$F

;.1. ?De

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este

epe,*/ento se p%e$e $e$%-*, %e +a 4e+o-*$a$ $e+ son*$o en e+ a*,e $epen$e a sea $e +a 5,e-%en-*a o $e VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

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+a +on*t%$ $e on$a en +as on$as p,o$%-*$as po, e+ pa,+anteFG ep+*%e s% ,esp%esta. S* no es asHG $e %e 5a-to,es $epen$e. Ep+*%e. Se !ede %5r"%r 6e &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' e- i#id' !'r &% re* re* e#* e#*i%

+

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de

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-"i#i-$re"'- *'"' re*e#*i% + 6e $%# &%r(% -er2 "i &'#(i$d !er' $%",i;# #' -'&' de!e#de de e-$'- %-!e*$'- -i#' 6e $%",i;# &% $e"!er%$r% !ede re-&$%r # %&$' i#+e#$e !%r% 6 #e-$r're-&$%d'- /%r=%# de!e#de % *%& e-$e $%",i;# &' %(%

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PG1014 C3 D 1 7

"san$o "san$o e+ p,o-e p,o-eso so $e $e $ete, $ete,/*n /*na-* a-*3n 3n $e $e +a 5,e5,e-%en %en-*a -*a pa,a %n $*apas3n ,espon$a=

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;.2.2 ?@% ot,os 5a-to,es 5a-to,es *n%en en +a 4e+o-*$a$ $e+ son*$oF De,e"'- 6e &% $e"!er%$r% di-"i#+e %& %"e#$%r &% %&$i$d .A& %,er #% "e#'r $e"!er%$r% &%- "'&;*&%- de %ire !'-ee# "e#'e#er(=% *i#;$i*% &' *%& %*e 6e -e% # !'*' "2- di=*i& 6e '*rr%# *'6e- e#$re e&&%- + e-' e- &' 6e !r'd*e &% !r'!%(%*i# de& -'#id' *'#*&i"'- di*ie#d' 6e &% /e&'*id%d de& -'#id' di-"i#+e %& di-"i#ir &% !re-i# %$"'-;ri*%. VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

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PROBLEMAS 6.1 U#% /%ri&&% &%r(% + de&(%d% de %&"i#i' e-$% -'-$e#id% !'r #% "%#' *er*% de& !#$' "edi' de &% /%ri&&%. L% /%ri&&% e- !&-%d% *'# &% '$r% "%#'. C'# # !'*' de !r2*$i*% -e !ede &'(r%r 6e &% /%ri&&% H*%#$e ' e"i$% # -'#id' *&%r' e i#$e#-'. P%r% #% /%ri&&% de 0 *" de &%r(': %) *2& e- &% re*e#*i% #d%"e#$%& de& -'#id' ,) C2& e- - &'#(i$d de '#d% e# &% ,%rr% + *) *2& e- &% &'#(i$d de '#d% -'#'r% 6e /i%F% e# e& %ire % 30QC

6.2 A- -' -'# # i# i(r i(re e %$e %$err i!"!ed i#$' % $%&& /er$i*%& *+&i#der %$

%

/'&"e ' r%$e R. Te r%di- ' $e *+&i#der i- r %#d %$ $e '!e# $'! '

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APLICACI#N A LA ESPECIALIDAD 8Se !re-e#$% d'- %!&i*%*i'#e- de& te/a ,ea+*a$o %!&i*%d'- % - e-!e*i%&id%d). EL "LTRASONIDO  S" APLICACI#N


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E& ";$'d' de& &$r%-'#id' e# &% i#(e#ier=% e- $i&i%d' !%r% e& e#-%+' de &'- "%$eri%&e- e- #% $;*#i*% de e#-%+' #' de-$r*$i/' 8END) + $ie#e di/er-%- %!&i*%*i'#e- e# e-!e*i%& !%r% *'#'*er e& i#$eri'r de # "%$eri%& ' -- *'"!'#e#$e*'"!'#e#$e- -e(# &% $r%+e*$'ri% $r%+e*$'ri% de &% !r'!%(%*i# !r'!%(%*i# de &%- '#d%'#d%-'#'r -'#'r%- %- %& !r'*e !r'*e-%r -%r &%&%- -e>%&e -e>%&e- de &%&%- '#d% '#d%- -'#'r -'#'r%%- -e *'#' *'#'*e *e e& *'"!'r$%"ie#$' *'"!'r$%"ie#$' de &%- "i-"%- dr%#$e - !r'!%(%*i# e# e& i#$eri'r de &% !ie% + 6e de!e#d e#de# de &%- di-* i-*'#$i# $i#id%de- de& "%$er %$erii%& e%"i#%d' &' 6e !er"i$e e/%&%r

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E& %#2&i-i- de &'- "%$eri%&e- "edi%#$e &$r%-'#id' &$r%-'#id' -e ,%-% e# e& !ri#*i!i' =-i*' =-i*':: E& "'/i" "'/i"ie# ie#$' $' de #% #% '#d% '#d% %*-$i %*-$i*% *% -%,id' -%,id' e- 6e 6e &% '#d% '#d% VELOCIDAD DEL SONIDO EN EL AIRE.

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%*-$i*% e- %e*$%d% !'r e& "edi' % $r%/;- de& *%& /i%F% + -e di-$i#(e# &'- -i(ie#$e- $i!'-: '#d% &'#(i$di#%& $r%#-/er-%& + -!er5*i%& 8R%&ei() -e(# -e(# -e "e-$r% e# &% i( i(r% r% 1 de,id' % e&&' '*rr '*rre# e#

&'- *%",i'*%",i'-

%-'*i%d'- *'# e& !%-' de #% '#d% -'#'r% de %&$% re*e#*i% % $r%/;- de # "%$eri%& e# #' ' "2- de &'- *%$r' !%r2"e$r'- -i(ie#$e-: $ie"!' de $r2#-i $r2#-i$' $' %$e# %$e#%* %*i# i# reei eei# # + re* re*e# e#*i% *i%.. E-$'E-$'- !%r2" !%r2"e$r e$r''- % "e# "e#d' d' !ed !ede# e# e-$% e-$%rr !r'! !r'!ie ied% d%de de-

=-i =-i*% *%- -

*'r *'rre&%* e&%*i' i'#% #%d' d'-

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"d "d&' &'

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&'&'-

*%",i %",i''- de &%&%-

e&%e&%-$i $i*i *id% d%d d

de# de#-id% -id%d d

'"'(e#eid%d e-$r*$r% + (r%#' de& "%$eri%&. MARCO CONCEPTUAL N'"e#*&%$r% Se $i&i% &% -i(ie#$e #'"e#*&%$r%: V

/e&'*i /e&'*id% d%d d de& -'# -'#id' id' e# e& "%$e "%$eri ri%& %& $

$ie"! $ie"!' ' e# -e( -e(#d' #d'- & &

&'#(i$d de '#d%  re*e#*i% R *'e5*ie#$e de reei# 8!'r*e#$%Fe de e#er(=% reeF%d%) 1 i"!ed%#*i% %*-$i*% e# e& !ri"er "%$eri%&  i"!ed%#*i% %*-$i*% e# e& -e(#d' "%$eri%& - e-!e-'r

9

OBSERVACIONES •

U-%r ',&i(%$'ri%"e#$e ,'$%- de -e(rid%d ' &e EPP i#di*%d' !%r% e-$e &%,'r%$'ri'

•

Te#er Te#er *id%d' *'# &%- !re,%- de -'#id' re-!e*$' re-!e*$' %& *id%d' de #e-$r'- $="!%#'-

•

Ser !re*%/id'- %& -%r e& *%&i,r%d'r de -'#id'-

•

C'&'*%r

e&

"'#$%Fe

i#di*%d'

!%r%

re%&i%r

&%

!r2*$i*%

-%$i-%*$'ri%"e#$e


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PG1014 C3 D 1 7

CONCL"SIONES •

Medir e!eri"e#$%&"e#$e &% &'#(i$d de '#d%

•

S%,er *2& e- &% &'#(i$d e# *'&"#%- *err%d%- + %,ier$%-

•

C'#'*er &% /e&'*id%d de& %ire + -%,er *"' %&&%r&e

•

S%,er "%#i!&%r &'- -e#-'re- de -'#id'

10 BIBLIOKR BIBLIOKRA!IA A!IA 'sen 'sen 5o,/at 5o,/ato o $e +a APA( APA( •

Fundamentals of Musical Acoustics. Ne Be#%de Ar$r  817?). Fundamentals

Y'r: Y'r: O'rd O'rd U#i/er-i$+ Pre--. Pre--. •

M. Cr'*er 8edi$'r) 14. Encyclopedia of Acoustics 8I#$er-*ie#*e). 8I#$er-*ie#*e).

•

Pi&i! M. M'r-e %#d . U#' I#(%rd 1?. Theoretical Acoustics 8Pri#*e$'# U#i/er-i$+ Pre--).

•

Physical A&&%# D. Pier*e 1. Acoustics: An Introduction to its Physical Principles and Applications 8A*'-$i*%& S'*ie$+ ' A"eri*%).

•

D. R. R%i*e& 00?. The Science and Applications of Acoustics, -e*'#d edi$i'# 8S!ri#(er). eISBN 037300

S$e!e#- R. . B.W B%$e A. E. 81??). Acoustics and Vibrational Physics Physics 8#d edi*i#). L'#d'#: Ed%rd Ar#'&d.


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