Observation Which of the above setting results in a more linear performance in the given range Vin? With the values of the frequencies that we have obtained, we can say that the setting of the gain control on the Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) that results in a more linear performance is the !"#
$etermine $etermine the linear range on the second case? %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% &sing the table only, estimate the frequency of the VCO when the $C input is '#V for both settings? Which setting results in easier interpolation? Why? %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
With the data and results that we have obtained we have observed the following# We We have observed that we can produce an *+ waveform signal using a VCO - voltage message signal is applied to the control voltage of the VCO, and its output signal is a constant amplitude sinusoidal carrier wave whose frequency is linear to its control voltage# When there is no message or the message signal is .ero, the carrier wave is at its center frequency, frequency, fc# When a message signal e/ists, the instantaneous frequency f requency of the output signal varies above and below the center frequency# We also observed that in frequency modulation, the amplitude is constant regardless of the message signal having a constant envelope# We We also observed that with single message signal, the number of signi0cant sidebands in the output spectrum is a function of the modulation inde/# 1hus, we obtained the spectrum graphs of the needed output writing the *+ output signal in terms of nth order 2essel functions#
Interpretation With the data and results that we have observed, we can interpret these into the following# We have obtained the *+ waveform waveform because if there is an information to be transmitted, the modulator combines the carrier with the baseband data signal to get the transmitted signal#
1he instantaneous frequency of the oscillator is the frequency deviation, which represents the ma/imum shift away from in one direction, We can also interpret that we obtained the spectrum graphs because an frequency spectrum of an actual *+ signal has components e/tending in0nitely, although their amplitude decreases# We can also interpret that with a modulated *+ waveform, if the modulation frequency is held constant and the modulation inde/ is increased, the bandwidth of the *+ signal increases but the spacing between spectra remains the same because the modulation inde/ is seen to be the ratio of the pea3 frequency deviation of the carrier wave to the frequency of the modulating sine wave#
Conclusion With the data that we have observed and interpreted we can conclude these into the following# We can conclude that the e4ciency of a signal is the power in the side%bands as a fraction of the total# 5n *+ signals, because of the considerable side%bands produced, the e4ciency is generally high# *+ waveforms are far better at re6ecting noise than -+ waveforms# 7oise generally is spread uniformly across the spectrum# 1he amplitude of the noise varies randomly at these frequencies# 8aving *m waveforms produce a constant amplitude output, it is not very sensitive to noise unli3e the -+ waveform# We can also say that in *+ signals, the e4ciency and bandwidth both depend on both the ma/imum modulating frequency and the modulation inde/# Overall, we are able to achieve the main ob6ective of the e/periment, to generate *+ signals using 15+9 modeling equipment#
