La filosofía y la psicologias ciencias que se complementan

^dm|nrzm`c` Dcjmkdch C~púdkgc C~púdkgc `n Gívmjk Lcj~hpc` `n Nzp~`mkz Z~ynrmkrnz Mupcjchc$ Zmzpngc `n ^dm|nrzm`c` Cbmnrpc } N`~jcjmúd c @mzpcdjmc$

MDPRK@^JJMÚD C HC LMHKZKLMC

‘Hc Lmhkzklçc } hc Yzmjkhkoçc jmndjmcz s~n zn jkgyhngndpcd‗ ENZ^Z NGGCD^NH HKYNU OCRJMC OR^YK NVP$ NC=:  Dk `n Jpc$ 0'32966<6'= 0'32966<6'=

‘^dc orcd ycrpn `n hc yky~hcrm`c` } ynrz~czm|m`c` `n hc yzmjkhkoçc zn `nbn c s~n zn prcpc `n ~d nzymrmp~chmzgk z~bhmgc`k5 ~dc lkrgc znj~hcr( jmndpçlmjcgndpn kzpndzmbhn( `n clmrgcr hc yrmgcjçc `nh nzyçrmp~ zkbrn hc gcpnrmc$‗ Z~zcd Zkdpco$

Mdprk`~jjmúd Hcz yrmgnrcz cyrkvmgcjmkdnz ch nzp~`mk `n hkz lndúgndkz `n hc dcp~rchnuc s~n zn jkdkjnd nd kjjm`ndpn l~nrc `nh ãgbmpk gçzpmjk zkd `n hkz lmhúzklkz ormnokz( nd jkdznj~ndjmc( pk`cz hcz rcgcz `nh zcbnr f~gcdk pmndnd ~dc rcçu k gc`rn jkgõd5 hc lmhkzklçc$ Ymn`rc &z+l- hc `nlmdn jkgk ~d jkde~dpk `n zcbnrnz s~n b~zjc nzpcbhnjnr( `n gcdnrc rcjmkdch( hkz yrmdjmymkz gãz ondnrchnz s~n krocdmucd } krmndpcd nh jkdkjmgmndpk `n hc rnchm`c`( czç jkgk nh zndpm`k `nh kbrcr f~gcdk Nz czç jkgk hkz yrmgnrkz lmhúzklkz p~|mnrkd chok `n yzmjúhkokz } |mjn|nrzc( ynrk gcz c`nhcdpn hc jkgyhnem`c` `nh zcbnr f~gcdk jkdjh~}k nd hc znycrcjmúd `n hcz `mlnrndpnz rcgcz `nh zcbnr nd jmndjmcz gcz k gndkz `nhmgmpc`cz ndprn zç$ Zmd ngbcrok nzpc `nhmgmpcjmúd nz crpmlmjmch ycrc yrkyúzmpkz yrãjpmjkz y~nz g~jfcz `n hkz kbenpm|kz `n hcz `mlnrndpnz jmndjmcz zn zkhcycd( nz nd j~cdpk c z~ cyrnfndzmúd `kd`n `mlmnrnd( zmd ngbcrok nh yrkyúzmpk ondnrch `n nzpcz nz nzpcbhnjnr `n ~dc gcdnrc jhcrc } jkdjmzc hkz gnjcdmzgkz ykr hkz s~n kj~rrnd hkz lndúgndkz } yk`nr yrn`njmrhkz } ndpnd`nrhkz( ykr hk j~ch jkc`}~|cd nd nzpc bõzs~n`c$ Nh yrkyúzmpk `n nzpn ndzc}k nz rnyczcr hkz jkdjnypkz s~n cprc|mnzcd c hc yzmjkhkoçc } c hc lmhkzklçc jkgk `mzjmyhmdcz s~n zn jkgyhngndpcd( ycrc hk j~ch yrmgnrk pkjcrn hcz `nlmdmjmkdnz `n nymzpngkhkoçc k lmhkzklçc `n hc jmndjmc( z~ rnhn|cdjmc } z~ cyhmjcjmúd yrcjpmjc ch jcgyk `n hc yzmjkhkoçc$ @nzy~íz jkgycrcrn hkz `mlnrndpnz cbkr`cenz s~n zn fcd fnjfk `n hc dkjmúd `n nvyhmjcjmúd } jkgyrndzmúd( j~chnz zkd z~z jcrcjpnrçzpmjcz } ykrs~n nvmzpn ~dc jkdprk|nrzmc `ndprk `n hc jkg~dm`c` cjc`ígmjc zkbrn j~ch nz nh gnekr gípk`k ycrc cbkr`cr nh nzp~`mk `n hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz$ Ykr õhpmgk yrkl~d`mucrí zkbrn nh gípk`k s~n gn ycrnjn gcz c`nj~c`k ycrc nh nzp~`mk `n hc yzmjkhkoçc$

»Lmhkzklçc `n hc jmndjmc k nymzpngkhkoçc; Hc jmndjmc nz nh kbenpk lnpmjfn `n hc jm|mhmucjmúd kjjm`ndpch( } zn ndlkjc `nz`n `mlnrndpnz ynrzynjpm|cz }c znc zkjmchnz( fmzpúrmjcz( yzmjkhúomjcz( k ykhçpmjcz$ ^dc `n nzcz ynrzynjpm|cz nz pcgbmíd hc lmhkzúlmjc5 Hc lmhkzklçc `n hc jmndjmcz mdpndpc rnzykd`nr c yrno~dpcz jkgk »S~n nz ~dc pnkrçc jmndpçlmjc; »Nd s~n jkdpnvpkz fmzpúrmjkz m`nkhúomjkz } zkjmchnz zn ngmpnd gnpk`khkoçcz s~n zkd cjnypc`cz gc}krmpcrmcgndpn k j~chnz zkd hcz jkdprk|nrzmcz ndprn hcz `mlnrndpnz ykzp~rcz `ndprk `n ~d jcgyk `n nzp~`mk$ Zmd ngbcrok ykr cdpnjn`ndpnz fmzpúrmjkz nd hkz j~chnz cho~dkz lmhúzklkz mdpndpcrkd mgykdnr  gípk`kz } kbenpm|kz c hc jmndjmc( hc nymzpngkhkoçc pmndn ~d nzpcp~z gcromdch }c s~n hkz jmndpçlmjkz pmnd`nd c znr z~zymjcjnz cdpn znóchcgmndpkz `n pmyk lmhkzúlmjk( } hkz hmpnrcpkz dk ndj~ndprcd ycrpmj~hcrgndpn rnhn|cdpnz hkz pngcz `n jmndjmc nd z~ s~nfcjnr mdpnhnjp~ch$ Hc nymzpngkhkoçc nz nd yrmgnr pnrgmdk ~dc pnkrçc ondnrch `nh jkdkjmgmndpk( `nh `nzj~brmgmndpk } `n hc e~zpmlmjcjmúd `n z~z pnkrçcz &B~don( 3=69-$ Ynzn c dk znr ~dm|nrzch nzpc `nlmdmjmúd `nhmgmpc pcgbmíd hk s~n dk nz hc nymzpngkhkoçc( }c s~n dk nz ~d `kogc } cbkr`c hc jmndjmc `nz`n ~dc ykzmjmúd `n kbznr|cjmúd( zn yrkykdn nzp~`mcr hc yrk`~jjmúd `n jkdkjmgmndpkz jmndpçlmjkz bcek pk`kz z~z czynjpkz( húomjk( hmdoøçzpmjk( fmzpúrmjk( m`nkhúomjk( npj$ Nz pcgbmíd jkgynpndpn c hc nymzpngkhkoçc hc `nzjrmyjmúd `n hkz ~zkz `n hcz dkjmkdnz `n ‘hn}‗( ‘pnkrçc‗( ‘kbznr|cjmúd‗( ‘nvynrmgndpcjmúd‗( ‘|nrmlmjcjmúd‗ npj$ Pk`k nzpk zmd `necr `n hc`k nh jkdpnvpk fmzpúrmjk zkbrn nh j~ch dcjnd } zn `nzcrrkhhcd hcz jmndjmcz$ Gcz cõd( hc ychcbrc ‘jmndjmc‗ dk nzpc `nlmdm`c `n ~dc |nu ykr pk`cz( hc hmzpc `n ‘|nr`c`nrcz‗ jmndjmcz nzpc ykr `npnrgmdcrzn( ykr nengyhk `nlmdmr ch yzmjkcdãhmzmz jkgk ~dc jmndjmc zmo~n zmnd`k g~} jkdprk|nrzmc ch mo~ch s~n jkd hc fmzpkrmc$ &Yc~h \n}dn-$ Hc nymzpngkhkoçc nz ngmdndpngndpn mdpnr`mzjmyhmdcrmc y~nz zn cyk}c `n nzp~`mkz hmdoøçzpmjkz( húomjkz( fmzpúrmjkz( zkjmkhúomjkz } yzmjkhúomjkz$ Ykr kprc ycrpn zn jkdzm`nrc `nzncbhn s~n hkz gmzgkz jmndpçlmjkz jkdprmb~}cd nd hc rnzkh~jmúd `n hcz yrno~dpcz yhcdpnc`cz ykr hc nymzpngkhkoçc( nd b~ndc ycrpn ykrs~n hkz lmhúzklkz prc`mjmkdchnz jkdzm`nrcd nzpc pcrnc ~d pcdpk j~cdpk mrrnhn|cdpn1 `mlnrndpnz jmndpçlmjkz }c fcd rnlhnvmkdc`k zkbrn nzpkz yrkbhngcz5 Nmdzpnmd( Yczjch( Dnwpkd( Ykmdjcrí ndprn kprkz$ Mdpnrnzcdpnz yrk}njpkz `n nzp~`mk nymzpngkhúomjk mdjh~}nd nzp~`mkz jkgycrcpm|kz `n hk s~n

zmodmlmjcd pírgmdkz jkgk ‘hn}‗( ‘jkdlmrgcjmúd‗ } ‘nvynrmgndpcjmúd‗ nd `mlnrndpnz jmndjmcz } jkgk hc m`nkhúomjc mdlh~}n nd hcz gnpk`khkoçcz `n hkz jmndpçlmjkz }c dk `mocgkz nd z~z rnz~hpc`kz$ Nh jmndpçlmjk dk nenrjn z~ yrklnzmúd nd nh |cjçk( nz z~enpk `n ~d ndprcgc`k j~hp~rch( ykhçpmjk n m`nkhúomjk c~d j~cd`k dk znc jkdzjmndpn `n nzpk( rcuúd gcz ykr hc j~ch hc nymzpngkhkoçc nzp~`mc nh mgycjpk `n nzpn prczlkd`k nd hkz rnz~hpc`kz s~n nzpn yrk`~jn$

@mlnrndpnz ykzp~rcz nymzpngkhúomjcz jkdzm`nrcd j~chnz zkd hcz ykzp~rcz húomjcz gcz m`údncz ycrc yrk`~jmr jkdkjmgmndpk jmndpçlmjk5 hcz mdlnrndjmcz md`~jpm|cz s~n ycrpnd `n kbznr|cjmúd ngyçrmjc } jcgmdcd fcjmc hk cbzprcjpk1 hcz mdlnrndjmcz `n`~jpm|cz ycrpnd `n ondnrchmucjmkdnz cjnrjãd`kzn fcjmc hk jkdjrnpk$ Fcdz Rnmjfndbcjf jkdzm`nrú s~n nh gípk`k gcz cyrkymc`k nd jmndjmc nz nh yrmgnrk( hkz md|nzpmoc`krnz `nd fcjnr ondnrchmucjmkdnz c ycrpmr `n hc kbznr|cjmúd `n jczkz ycrpmj~hcrnz ( hk j~ch zn jkdkjn jkgk ngymrmzgk húomjk$ &Ykyynr( 3=??-$ ^dc `n hcz jrçpmjcz c nzpc ykzmjmúd nz s~n dk zn jkdkjn nh ~dm|nrzk `n kbznr|cjmkdnz ykzmbhnz( Ykyynr ykr hk pcdpk zmpõc nh bcrngk `n hc lchzcjmúd gcz chhã `nh `n |nrmlmjcjmúd( clmrgc s~n hc `nhmgmpcjmúd ndprn hk s~n nz jmndjmc } hk s~n dk hk nz zkhk nz ykzmbhn j~cd`k nvmzpnd jrmpnrmkz `n `ngcrjcjmúd$ Yrkykdn s~n hkz jkdkjmgmndpkz jmndpçlmjkz zkd zkhk jmndpçlmjkz j~cd`k pmndnd ykzmjmkdnz s~n y~n`nd rnz~hpcr nrrúdncz ch znr y~nzpc c yr~nbc nd nzp~`mkz ngyçrmjkz$ Nh jkdkjmgmndpk jmndpçlmjk nz yrk|mzkrmk } ynrlnjjmkdcrhn( cbmnrpk c gk`mlmjcjmkdnz$ Hc md|nzpmocjmúd nd yzmjkhkoçc jkodmpm|c nz yrn`kgmdcdpngndpn fmykpípmjk'`n`~jpm|c &Hk|npp( 299<-$ Z~z pnkrçcz } nvyhmjcjmkdnz zkd jkdzm`nrc`cz yrk|mzkrmcz( lchmbhnz } cyrkvmgcpm|cz &Fndrms~nz( 299:-$  Cho~dkz `mzjçy~hkz `n Ykyynr jkgyhngndpcrkd z~z cykrpcjmkdnz( j~brmnd`k hkz f~njkz fmzpúrmjkz } zkjmkhúomjkz s~n nzpn `neú5 A~fd &3=<2- yrkykdn s~n hc gc}krçc `n hc cjpm|m`c` jmndpçlmjc zn rmon ykr hmdncgmndpkz pngãpmjkz } gnpk`khúomjkz s~n `mjpcd hkz ycrc`mogcz$ Nzpkz ycrc`mogcz c z~ |nu zkd |mondpnz gmndprcz hcz c~pkrm`c`nz `n hc jkg~dm`c` jmndpçlmjc `kgmdcdpn nd nh ynrmk`k fmzpúrmjk( } zúhk zn fcjn n|m`ndpn j~cd`k kj~rrn ~dc rn|kh~jmúd jmndpçlmjc5 j~cd`k kj~rrn ~dc jrmzmz } zn `nrrkjc nh ycrc`mogc s~n ynr`mú yk`nr nvyhmjcpm|k ykr nengyhk hc rn|kh~jmúd jkynrdmjcdc( hc `crwmdmzpc( hc dnwpkdmcdc npj$ Nh rngyhcuk `nh jkd`~jpmzgk ykr nh jkodmpm|mzgk nd hc yzmjkhkoçc y~n`n `nzjrmbmrzn `nz`n nzpc ynrzynjpm|c &@n \noc( 3=60-$ C~ds~n nvmzpçcd md|nzpmocjmkdnz jkgk hcz `n Ymconp } \mokpza} s~n fcjnd |nr hc fmzpkrçc `n hc yzmjkhkoçc gndkz fnongúdmjc `n hk dnjnzcrmk ycrc s~n nvmzpcd ‘rn|kh~jmkdnz ycrc`mogãpmjcz‗$ Hcacpkz &3=?6- jkdjmhmc nzpkz `kz fnjfkz } jkdzm`nrc s~n nvmzpnd `kz pmykz `n yrkorcgcz `n md|nzpmocjmúd hkz yrkornzm|kz } hkz rnornzm|kz( czç( nh gk|mgmndpk jkodmpm|k( `nh yrmgnr pmyk( rngyhcuc nh rnornzm|k jkd`~jpmzgk `n hc yrmgnrc gmpc` `nh zmohk VV$ Lrndpn c hc ykhígmjc( zn y~n`n zkzpndnr cj~nr`kz jkgk s~n5 •

Nh jkdkjmgmndpk jmndpçlmjk zn y~n`n `mlnrndjmcr `n kprkz pmykz `n jkdkjmgmndpk

• •

•

•

Hc yzmjkhkoçc ykznn jkdjmndjmc `n z~ lrcogndpcjmúd nymzpngkhúomjc$ Hc jrmzmz nymzpngkhúomjc nd hc yzmjkhkoçc( dk zkhcgndpn nz rnz~hpc`k `n j~nzpmkdnz fmzpúrmjcz k mdzpmp~jmkdchnz zmdk húomjcz } gnpk`khúomjcz$ &Ykyynr 3=:0Nzpc lrcogndpcjmúd c~ds~n `nzncbhn `n znr rnz~nhpc dk nz ~dc zmp~cjmúd cmzhc`c( mdjh~zk nd hc lçzmjc ‚ hc gcz `~rc `n hcz jmndjmcz `~rcz ‚ cõd zn b~zjc ~d gk`nhk ~dmlmjc`kr$ Rnz~hpc rcukdcbhn znóchcr nh jcrãjpnr ngmdndpngndpn jmndpçlmjk `n hc md|nzpmocjmúd yzmjkhúomjc5 y~nz z~z gípk`kz ondnrcd pnkrçcz lchzcbhnz( z~z yrkjn`mgmndpkz zkd czmgmhcbhnz c hkz `n hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz } z~z cykrpnz yrnzndpcd hcz jcrcjpnrçzpmjcz s~n hc nymzpngkhkoçc ngyhnc ycrc jkdjn`nr c ~dc `mzjmyhmdc nh jcrãjpnr `n jmndjmc$

Nzpc`k ondnrch `n hc jkdprk|nrzmc nvyhmjcjmúd'jkgyrndzmúd nd hc yzmjkhkoçc$ Fczpc yrmdjmymkz `nh zmohk V\MM hc jmndjmc ykznçc ~dc ~dm`c` l~d`cgndpch s~n zn cyk}cbc nd ~dc prmyhn bczn5 hcz ynrzkdcz( hcz m`ncz } hcz cyhmjcjmkdnz$ &Bnrdch( E@$ 3=63-$ Jkgk rnz~hpc`k `n nzpc ~dm|nrzchm`c`( hkz jmndpçlmjkz `nh zmohk V\MM hkorcrkd nzpcbhnjnr ~dc jkdjnyjmúd gãz jkgyhnpc `nh `kgmdmk `n hc jmndjmc s~n nd hc cjp~chm`c` zn fc ynr`m`k ykr  jkgyhnpk$  C ycrpmr `nh zmohk V\MMM hkz jmndpçlmjkz ngynucrkd c jkdzm`nrcrzn ycrpm`crmkz `n k hkz nzp~`mkz `n hc dcp~rchnuc k hkz nzp~`mkz `n hkz cz~dpkz f~gcdkz( hkz õhpmgkz l~nrkd cj~zc`kz `n fcjnr clmrgcjmkdnz c yrmkrm  |nr`c`nz mgykzmbhnz `n ykdnr c yr~nbc$ Nzpc kymdmúd fc zm`k jkgycrpm`c mdjh~zk ykr nzp~`mkzkz `n hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz jkgk Hn|m'Zprc~zz$ ^dc `n hcz jkdznj~ndjmcz `n nzpc jkdjnyjmúd fc zm`k s~n nh `nzcrrkhhk `n hc yzmjkhkoçc zn |kh|mú p~rb~hndpk hhndk `n jkdprk|nrzmcz fcjmc hc |mzmúd klmjmch `n hc jmndjmc } `ndprk `n nhhc gmzgc zkbrn hcz gnpk`khkoçcz cyhmjcbhnz c nzpc Hkz krçondnz `n nzpc jkdlrkdpcjmúd zn zmpõcd nd hc y~odc ndprn hc prc`mjmúd crmzpkpíhmjc } hc ochmhncdc$ Gmndprcz s~n hc yrmgnrc mdpndpc jkgyrnd`nr hcz cjjmkdnz f~gcdcz `n ~d gk`k pnhnkhúomjk k lmdchmzpc( hc zno~d`c c`kypc ~dc ynrzynjpm|c gnjcdmjmzpc nzlkruãd`kzn ykr  `nzcrrkhhcr jkdkjmgmndpkz s~n ynrgmpcd nvyhmjcr } yrn`njmr hkz lndúgndkz$ Nh rnyrnzndpcdpn `nh ndlks~n ochmhncdk nd hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz fc zm`k C~o~zpk Jkgpn( nvykdndpn `nh ykzmpm|mzgk s~n cbkoc ykr ~d gkdmzgk gnpk`khúomjk ( hc m`nc `n ~dm`c` `nh gípk`k jmndpçlmjk jkd md`nynd`ndjmc ch kbenpk `n nzp~`mk( nzpn gípk`k `nbn `n znr jkdlkrgn ch `nzcrrkhhc`k ykr hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz ch dk fcbnr `mlnrndjmc húomjc l~d`cgndpch ndprn hkz lndúgndkz dcp~rchnz } hkz f~gcdkz$ C`ngãz `nbn b~zjcr hcz jc~zcz zmd rnj~rrmr c mdpndjmkdnz( lmdnz k yrkyúzmpkz } zm l~nrc dnjnzcrmk fcjnr ~zk `n nzpkz `ny~rcrhkz `nh cdmgmzgk k |mpchmzgk s~n y~n`c nvmzpmr nd nhhkz$

Hc ynrzynjpm|c crmzpkpíhmjc s~n nz ~dc rncjjmúd jkdprc nh ykzmpm|mzgk y~nz jkdzm`nrcbc jfkjcdpn hc m`nc `n s~n nh kbenpm|k `n hc jmndjmc nrc nh lkrg~hcr hn}nz k zmzpngcz `n hn}nz1 nd jkdznj~ndjmc rnjfcuc nh gkdmzgk gnpk`khúomjk } nh m`nch `n hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz jkgk rno~hc`krcz `n hc jkgyrndzmúd `n hc rnchm`c`$ Z~ rcukdcgmndpk Crmzpkpíhmjk nz s~n ‘ dk pk`kz hkz gípk`kz zkd c`nj~c`kz ycrc nzp~`mcr j~chs~mnr pngc( y~nzpk s~n fc} fkgbrnz s~n dk c`gmpnd gcz `ngkzprcjmkdnz s~n hcz `n hcz gcpngãpmjcz1 kprkz s~n dk s~mnrnd gãz s~n nengyhkz1 kprkz s~n dk ndj~ndprcd gch s~n zn md|ks~n nh pnzpmgkdmk `n hkz yknpcz( } hkz fc}  s~n nvmond s~n pk`k znc rmo~rkzcgndpn `ngkzprc`k$$$ Nz yrnjmzk( ykr hk pcdpk( s~n znycgkz cdpn pk`k s~í z~nrpn `n `ngkzprcjmúd jkd|mndn c jc`c kbenpk$‗  Jkgk zn c`m|mdc( hcz cro~gndpcjmkdnz ycrc nh rnjfcuk `nh gkdmzgk gnpk`khúomjk gcdmlmnzpcd s~n c `mlnrndjmc `n hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz( hc yzmjkhkoçc dk czymrc c nzpcbhnjnr  ondnrchmucjmkdnz zkbrn lndúgndkz yrn`njmbhnz } rnyrk`~jmbhnz( zmdk s~n ch jkdprcrmk( z~ yrkyúzmpk zn ndjcgmdc c jkgyrnd`nr hcz ynj~hmcrm`c`nz md`m|m`~chnz } õdmjcz `n z~z kbenpkz `n nzp~`mk( zm g~jfk zn y~n`n hhnocr c jkgyrnd`nr hc znj~ndjmc `nh cjkdpnjmgmndpk$ Nzpn cjnrjcgmndpk yrkykdn s~n nh yrkyúzmpk `n hc yzmjkhkoçc dk nz nvyhmjcr hkz lndúgndkz zmdk( jkgyrnd`nrhkz c prc|íz `n hc rnjrncjmúd nd hc gndpn `nh jmndpçlmjk `n ‘hc cpgúzlnrc nzymrmp~ch‗( yndzcgmndpkz( zndpmgmndpkz } gkpm|kz `n z~z kbenpkz `n nzp~`mk$ Hc jkgyrndzmúd zn ndj~ndprc nd pk`cz hcz j~nzpmkdnz rnhcpm|cz c hc mdpnryrnpcjmúd `n zmodmlmjc`kz$ Nd nh lkd`k `n nzpc ykhígmjc nvmzpn ~dc cõd gc}kr( s~n zn yhcdpnc »s~n nz hc jmndjmc; Rnzynjpk c hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz _chhnrzpnmd znóchc s~n zn `nlmdmnrkd jkgk hc bõzs~n`c `n |nr`c`nz s~n prczjnd`mnrcd hcz lrkdpnrcz `n hc zcbm`~rçc rnjmbm`c k `n`~jm`c$ Hc Rn|kh~jmúd Jkynrdmjcdc } hc lmhkzklçc `n @nzjcrpnz nz ~d ycrpn co~cz nd hc jkdjnyjmúd s~n zn pmndn `n jmndjmc( zm bmnd kprkz lmhúzklkz jkgk Rkonr } Lrcdjmz Bcjkd( }c fcbçcd `njhcrc`k s~n hkz jkdkjmgmndpkz s~n zn kbpmndnd c prc|íz `n hc ln k hc rn|nhcjmúd zn `nbnd `n pkgcr jkd g~jfc rnznr|c$ Nd Nh `mzj~rzk `nh gípk`k @nzjcrpnz yrkykdn hkz yrmdjmymk s~n fcbrãd `n o~mcr j~chs~mnr  c`s~mzmjmúd `n jkdkjmgmndpk$ 3$ Dk cjnypcr jkgk |nr`c`nrk dc`c `n hk s~n dk zn pndoc cbzkh~pcgndpn jnrpnuc `n hk s~n nz$ 2$ @nzjkgykdnr jc`c yrkbhngc nd z~z ycrpnz gçdmgcz$ :$ Mr `n hk gcz jkgyrndzmbhn c hk gãz jkgyhnek$ 0$ Rn|mzcr nh yrkjnzk ycrc pndnr hc zno~rm`c` `n s~n dk nvmzpn dmdo~dc kgmzmúd$

@nzjcrpnz l~n hc `m|mzmúd nzpcbhnjm`c ndprn hc rnhmomúd } hc jmndjmc( ynrgmpmú c hkz jmndpçlmjkz `m|m`mr z~ s~n fcjnr hmbrn `n mdlnrndjmcz rnhmomkzcz( zmngyrn } j~cd`k dk md|c`mnrcd hc nzlnrc njhnzmãzpmjc( hk j~ch yrkymjmú nh z~romgmndpk `n ~d jmndpçlmjk ‘y~rk‗$  Ch mo~ch s~n Ochmhnk } Jkynrdmjk( Mzzcj Dnwpkd rn|kh~jmkdk hc jmndjmc `n z~ íykjc jkd z~z hn}nz `nh gk|mgmndpk( ykzp~hú ~dc znrmn `n yrmdjmymkz `n `n`~jpm|kz$ 3$ Yrmdjmymk `n zmgyhmjm`c`$ Dk zn `nbnd cjnypcr gãz jc~zcz ycrc hkz n|ndpkz dcp~rchnz s~n cs~nhhcz s~n zkd pcdpk |nr`c`nrcz jkgk z~lmjmndpnz ycrc nvyhmjcr z~ cycrmjmúd$ Hc dcp~rchnuc nz zmgyhn } dk zn cbmocrrc jkd nvyhmjcjmkdnz z~ynrlh~cz$ 2$ Yrmdjmymk `n ~dmlkrgm`c`$ Zmngyrn s~n znc ykzmbhn zn `nbnd czmodcr hcz gmzgcz jc~zcz c hkz gmzgkz nlnjpkz dcp~rchnz :$ Yrmdjmymk `n ~dm|nrzchm`c`$ Zn `nbn jkdzm`nrcr jkgk j~chm`c` ~dm|nrzch `n pk`kz hkz kbenpkz ( hcz j~chm`c`nz s~n zn ndj~ndprcd nd pk`kz hkz j~nrykz s~n nzpãd ch chjcdjn `n d~nzprkz nvynrmgndpkz } zkd z~zjnypmbhnz `n nvpndzmúd c kprkz j~nrykz } kbenpkz$ 0$ Yrmdjmymk `n rnl~pcbmhm`c`$ C~ds~n nvmzpcd fmykpnzmz chpnrdcpm|cz zn cjnypcd jkgk jmnrpcz hcz md`~jjmkdnz fnjfcz c ycrpmr `n hkz lndúgndkz kbznr|c`kz( gmndprcz dk zn kbznr|nd kprkz lndúgndkz s~n hcz y~n`cd fcjnr gãz yrnjmzcz k hcz md|chm`nd$

Nzpkz yrmdjmymkz fcd pndm`k pcd mdlh~ndjmc nd hc jmndjmc s~n fcd zm`k jchmlmjc`kz jkgk rn|kh~jmkdcrmkz$ Hc jmndjmc jhãzmjc zn bczc nd b~ndc ycrpn nd hkz cykrpnz `n nzpkz c~pkrnz( hc jmndjmc fnrn`ú hk s~n Ak}rn &3==<- hhcgc cprmb~pkz kdpkhúomjkz `n hc `m|mdm`c`5 d~n|c jkzgkhkoçc nd ~d ~dm|nrzk mdlmdmpk nd `~rcjmúd } nvpndzmúd( nd nh s~n hc gcpnrmc npnrdc zn g~n|n zmd lmd( dm kbenpm|kz nd nh nzycjmk npnrdk( okbnrdc`c õdmjcgndpn ykr hn}nz npnrdcz } dnjnzcrmcz$ Hc orcd jcdpm`c` `n pmngyk s~n prcdzj~rrmú ndprn nh nzpcbhnjmgmndpk ~d ndlks~n `n`~jpm|k } ~dk nvynrmgndpch ycrc hc bõzs~n`c `n jkdkjmgmndpkz Ymconp hk cprmb~}n c s~n nh nzyçrmp~ pmnd`n ykr dcp~rchnuc c ynrjmbmr mdp~mpm|cgndpn hk rnch } c `n`~jmr( ynrk dk c nvynrmgndpcr1 ykrs~n nh nvynrmgndpk dk nz ~dc jkdzpr~jjmúd hmbrn k gçdmgcgndpn nzykdpãdnc( zmdk s~n zn zkgnpn c mdzpcdjmcz nvpnrdcz rnyrnzndpc`cz ykr jmnrpcz rnohcz1 kprk `n hcz rcukdnz nz s~n nd hc gndpn hcz kynrcjmkdnz gãz nhngndpchnz k gãz yrmgmpm|cz zkd hcz gcz zmgyhnz( gmndprcz s~n nd nh nvynrmgndpk nh `cpk mdgn`mcpk nz `n orcd jkgyhnem`c` } nh yrkbhngc nd yrmgnr  pnrgmdk nz znycrcr nzc gczc jkdl~zc( ykr õhpmgk hc hnjp~rc `n hc nvynrmndjmc dk nz ~dc zmgyhn hnjp~rc( zmdk ~dc cjjmúd zkbrn hk rnch( }c s~n zn prcpc `n znycrcr lcjpkrnz rnj~rrmnd`k c gk`nhkz `n`~jpm|kz cdpnz `n nvynrmgndpcr$ Ykr zm nzpk l~nrc ykjk hcz jmndjmcz `nh fkgbrn zn ndlrndpcd c ~dc ycrpmj~hcrm`c` nymzpngkhúomjc }c s~n c hc |nu `n pndnr jkgk kbenpk `n nzp~`mk ch fkgbrn zkd jkdzpr~m`cz ykr nh gmzgk$ Hkz jmndpçlmjkz krmndpc`kz gcz ngyçrmjcgndpn hn fcd czmodc`k c hc jmndjmc hc l~djmúd `n czndpcr hn}nz ondnrchnz s~n cbcrs~nd nh jkgykrpcgmndpk `n hkz z~jnzkz ~ kbenpkz ngyçrmjkz

`n s~n zn kj~yn( ynrgmpmnd`k `n nzpn gk`k ndhcucr jkdkjmgmndpkz `n z~jnzkz jkdkjm`kz znycrc`cgndpn } fcjnr yrn`mjjmkdnz jkdlmcbhnz `n n|ndpkz cõd dk jkdkjm`kz$ Nvmzpn jmnrpc `mzykzmjmúd c jkdzm`nrc c hc jmndjmc jkgk hk ky~nzpk c hc kymdmúd }c s~n c nzpc õhpmgc zn hn jcrcjpnrmuc jkgk jkdkjmgmndpk yky~hcr ykr z~ lchpc `n ocrcdpçc cjnrjc `n z~ |chm`nu( zmd ngbcrok hc jmndjmc zn bczc nd hc jkdlrkdpcjmúd `n z~z yrkykzmjmkdnz cbzprcjpcz jkd hkz lndúgndkz rnchnz kbznr|c`kz( ykr gn`mk `n hc c`kyjmúd `n ~dc cyrkvmgcjmúd húomjk nvynrmgndpch$  C `njmr `n Nmdzpnmd dk zkhcgndpn nh ndpkrdk zkjmch mdgn`mcpk jkdprmb~}n c hc `nhmgmpcjmúd `n hk s~n nz hc jmndjmc( zmdk pcgbmíd hcz `mlnrndpnz npcycz fmzpúrmjcz ykr hcz s~n fc cprc|nzc`k hc f~gcdm`c`( czç jkgk hcz zmp~cjmkdnz ycrpmj~hcrnz nd hcz s~n zn ndj~ndprcd hcz ynrzkdcz s~n cjkgnpnd pch ngyrnzc( Nd jkdznj~ndjmc nh yrkyúzmpk } hc zmodmlmjcjmúd `n hc jmndjmc pnd`rã rnzy~nzpcz ndpnrcgndpn `mlnrndpnz nd `m|nrzcz íykjcz } ykr ycrpn `n hcz ynrzkdcz jkhkjc`cz nd `mzpmdpcz zmp~cjmkdnz$ Hc jmndjmc dk zn fc hmbrc`k `n jrmpmjcz `nz`n cgbkz nzynjprkz `n hc ykhçpmjc( ykr nengyhk `nz`n nh hc`k gcrvmzpc zn znóchc s~n ‘hc zkjmn`c` b~ro~nzc } jcympchmzpc dk zn jkdjmndpmuc `n s~n hc jmndjmc gk`nrdc `nrm|c`c `n hc prc`mjmúd ochmhncdc } `nh `nzcrrkhhk md`~zprmch( yrm|mhnomc nh nenrjmjmk `n ~dc zkhc `mgndzmúd `n hc rcuúd1 jkgk nz hc s~n cpmnd`n c hc bõzs~n`c `n gn`mkz ycrc jkdzno~mr ~dkz kbenpm|kz `c`kz(kbenpm|kz s~n zkd y~nzpkz ykr s~mndnz jkdprkhcd } ycocd hkz znr|mjmkz `n hc jmndjmc1 nzpk nz( hc jmndjmc gk`nrdc nz ~dc m`nkhkoçc hnompmgc`krc `n hc zkjmn`c` jcympchmzpc$$$‗1 pcgbmíd hc `nrnjfc jkgk hc Chngcdmc dcum mdpndpú `mlnrndjmcr  ndprn hc jmndjmc c~pídpmjc } ~dc jmndjmc jkdpcgmdc`c( e~`çc$  Ch rnzynjpk Zãdjfnu \cus~nu znóchc s~n ykr z~ jkdpndm`k `n |nr`c`( hc jmndjmc dk c`gmpn `mzpmdjmkdnz m`nkhúomjcz( }c znc s~n ízpcz zn fcocd ykr gkpm|kz `n jhczn( rcjmchnz k ykhçpmjkz$ Dk kbzpcdpn hc y~odc `ndprk `n hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz zkbrn s~míd ykznn nh jkdkjmgmndpk hnoçpmgk `n hkz cz~dpkz f~gcdkz( pk`cz jkgycrpnd hc m`nc `n s~n nh jkdkjmgmndpk jmndpçlmjk zn `nzcrrkhhcrc nd hc gn`m`c nd s~n hk fcoc hc pnkrçc( y~nzpk s~n ízpc yrkykrjmkdc ~dc mdpnryrnpcjmúd jkdzmzpndpn `n hkz n|ndpkz$ Yrnjmzcgndpn hc jkdlrkdpcjmúd nz nh gkpkr `nh yrkornzk jmndpçlmjk c~dc`k c hc zçdpnzmz ndprn `mlnrndpnz prc`mjmkdnz `n yndzcgmndpk$ Ymconp gndjmkdc s~n hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz ch mo~ch s~n hcz dcp~rchnz ynrzmo~nd hc bõzs~n`c `n hn}nz( c~ds~n dk zmngyrn nd nh zndpm`k `n rnhcjmkdnz j~cdpmpcpm|cz rnhcpm|cgndpn jkdzpcdpnz } nvyrnzcbhnz nd lkrgc `n l~djmkdnz gcpngãpmjcz( zmdk nd nh zndpm`k `n fnjfkz ondnrchnz k `n rnhcjmkdnz kr`mdchnz( `n cdãhmzmz nzpr~jp~rchnz s~n zn prc`~jnd c hndo~cen kr`mdcrmk k c ~d hndo~cen gcz k gndkz lkrgchmuc`k &húomjk-$

@mzy~pc ndpn Dkgkpípmjk n M`nkorãlmjk$ Rmjanrp fmuk ~dc jhczmlmjcjmúd `n hc jmndjmc `kd`n hcz `n hc dcp~rchnuc pmndnd ~d jcrãjpnr  ondnrchmuc`kr } hcz jmndjmcz `nh nzyçrmp~ &zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz- ~d jcrãjpnr md`m|m`~chmuc`kr( `n nzpn nd~djmc`k zn `nrm|cd hkz `mlnrndpnz pmykz `n cdãhmzmz$ Nh cdãhmzmz m`nkorãlmjk rnjkdzpr~}n `n cho~dc gcdnrc nh zmodmlmjc`k nzynjçlmjk `n hcz cjjmkdnz f~gcdcz j~}c jcrcjpnrçzpmjc l~d`cgndpch nz znr õdmjcz n mrrnynpmbhnz( ycrpn `n hc z~ykzmjmúd `n s~n pk`k lh~}n } nh cdãhmzmz `nbn c|kjcrzn c jkgyrnd`nr nh `n|ndmr `n hkz kbenpkz nd z~ zmdo~hcrm`c`$ Nh cdãhmzmz dkgkpípmjk `ndprk `n hc yzmjkhkoçc znóchc s~n hkz cjkdpnjmgmndpkz f~gcdkz dk zkd ~d jkde~dpk `n z~jnzkz chncpkrmkz j~}c yrmdjmych rnohc nz nh cucr( zmdk s~n nvmzpnd hn}nz ~dm|nrzchnz k gçdmgcgndpn rnohcz ondnrchnz s~n `nzjrmbnd cjkdpnjmgmndpkz } yrkjnzkz rnynpmbhnz md`nlmdm`cgndpn s~n y~n`nd znr `nzj~bmnrpkz ykr hc cjpm|m`c` jmndpçlmjc$ Ndprn nzpcz ykzp~rcz zn ndj~ndprc ~d y~dpk gn`mk s~n jkdzm`nrc s~n cgbkz cdãhmzmz zkd |chm`kz ycrc nzp~`mcr hc rnchm`c` yzmjkhúomjc$ Ndprn hcz cj~zcjmkdnz ch cdãhmzmz m`nkorãlmjk zn znóchc s~n lrnj~ndpngndpn yrkymjmc hc cycpçc ykr hc jkdzpr~jjmúd `n j~nrykz pnúrmjkz( } z~ mdpnríz zn fc |khjc`k jczm nvjh~zm|cgndpn nd fcjnr prcbcekz `nzjrmypm|kz k mdpnryrnpcpm|kz `n lndúgndkz zmdo~hcrnz `nhmgmpc`kz nd nh nzycjmk } pmngyk( } s~n hc gmzgc rnprkzynjjmúd `n cjkdpnjmgmndpkz yrnpírmpkz mgyhmjc ~dc znhnjjmúd `n hc rnchm`c` s~n jkdhhn|c ykr `nlmdmjmúd jrmpnrmkz znhnjpm|kz } jcpnokrçcz `nzjrmypm|cz$ Hk s~n rnzynjpc ch cdãhmzmz dkgkpípmjk zn hn cj~zc `n `nzj~m`cr hkz lndúgndkz prcdzlkrgcpm|kz s~n mgykzmbmhmpcd hc rnynpmjmúd `n zmp~cjmkdnz nzpr~jp~rchnz( }c s~n hcz nzpr~jp~rcz zkjmchnz zn lkrgcd c ycrpmr `n ~d yrkjnzk n|kh~pm|k$ Zn fc yhcdpnc`k hc zkh~jmúd `n cj~nr`k jkd _chhnrzpnmd `n ~d ndlks~n fn~rçzpmjk nd gn`mk `n hcz dcrrcjmkdnz ycrpmj~hcrnz } `n hcz ondnrchmucjmkdnz prcdzfmzpúrmjcz$ Pndmnd`k nd j~ndpc s~n hc mdp~mjmúd } hc kbznr|cjmúd ngyçrmjc zkd jmnocz zmd jkdjnypkz } zmd ~d gcrjk `n rnlnrndjmc ch gmzgk pmngyk hkz jkdjnypkz } nh gcrjk pnúrmjk `n rnlnrndjmc zkd |cjçkz zmd hc mdp~mjmúd } hc kbznr|cjmúd ngyçrmjc$

@mzy~pc ndprn hk j~chmpcpm|k } hk j~cdpmpcpm|k$

Jkd nh yrkyúzmpk `n n|mpcr hc z~benpm|m`c` hkz zmgycpmucdpnz `nh ndlks~n dkgkpípmjk fcd yrm|mhnomc`k hc gcvmgmucjmúd `n hc `~rnuc `n hkz `cpkz jkdzmzpndpn nd c~gndpcr z~ yk`nr `n gndz~rcbmhm`c` } jkgycrcbmhm`c`$ Ykr nh jkdprcrmk hkz m`nkorãlmjkz zn yrkd~djmcd c lc|kr `n hcz l~ndpnz yrmgcrmcz( `cpkz jrnc`kz nd nh yczc`k } ykr hk pcdpk cjnrjc `nh yczc`k( } fcjmc `cpkz j~chmpcpm|kz( nd hkz s~n hc rms~nuc `nh jkdpnvpk( ‘y~n`n hhn|crhkz c jkgyrnd`nr hc yhndmp~` `n hcz gkpm|cjmkdnz mgyhmjc`cz‗ Nh yrmgnr czynjpk fc zm`k czkjmc`k c ykzmjmkdnz ykzmpm|mzpcz( ykr Jkgpn( Gmh } @~rafnmg$ Nd jkdprcycrpm`c nh czynjpk j~chmpcpm|k zn fc m`ndpmlmjc`k jkd nh yndzcgmndpk jkdzpr~jpm|mzpc yrmdjmychgndpn nd hkz nzjrmpkz `n @mhpfn} } _nbnr$ Lrndpn c nzpc `mjkpkgçc( z~ron ~dc ykzmjmúd crgkdmuc`krc( nh nzp~`mk `n hc `mgndzmúd j~chmpcpm|c } j~cdpmpcpm|c zn jkdzm`nrcd cgbcz jkgk yrkykzmjmkdnz |nr`c`nrcz s~n nd z~ ~dmúd g~hpmyhmjcpm|c &rkgymnd`k jkd hc m`nc hmdnch c`mpm|c- yrk`~jnd jkgk rnz~hpc`k ~d jkdkjmgmndpk s~n zn ndlkjc gcz fcjmc ~dc dcp~rchnuc jkde~dpm|c `n hc rnchm`c` `nh ~dm|nrzk zkjmch$ Zmd ngbcrok zn `nbn jkdzm`nrcr s~n j~chs~mnr mdpndpk `n nzp~`mcr hkz cjkdpnjmgmndpkz `nh ~dm|nrzk lmdjc z~z rcçjnz nd ~d ãgbmpk zkjmch `npnrgmdc`k s~n mdlmnrn jkd hcz ynrjnyjmkdnz n mdpnryrnpcjmkdnz s~n zn fcocd `n hc rnchm`c` yzmjkhúomjc( ykr pch rcuúd dk y~n`n nvmzpmr ~d nzp~`mk dn~prch( y~nz nz n|m`ndpn s~n hc lrkdpnrc s~n znycrc ch z~enpk nokjídprmjk } ch z~enpk nymzpígmjk nz g~} `ml~zc j~cd`k nh }k `nh kbznr|c`kr nz ycrpn mdpnorcdpn `n hkz lndúgndkz s~n `nbnrçcd znr kbznr|c`kz `nz`n l~nrc( } dk zúhk nzk( zmdk s~n nz jkgõd s~n j~cd`k nh z~enpk nokjídprmjk zn zmndpn gãz jkgyrkgnpm`k jkd z~ |mzmúd( gãz zn mdjhmdc c jrnnr s~n hc jkdkjn mdp~mpm|cgndpn } gndkz dnjnzm`c` zmndpn `n rnlhnvmkdcr zkbrn z~ cjpm|m`c` nymzpígmjc$ Nd hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz nzpn `nbcpn fc zm`k z~ynrc`k( zn zcbn s~n nh s~n gm`n gk`mlmjc hk gn`m`k( s~n pk`k pnrgmdk nzpc mgyrnodc`k `n pnkrçc( nz `njmr `nynd`mndpn `n ~dc pnkrçc$ Nz ykr nzk s~n ~dc ykzp~rc rcjmkdch cbko~n ykr s~n hc yzmjkhkoçc cjnypn s~n hkz lndúgndkz `n z~ jkgynpndjmc nvmzpnd nd `kz `mgndzmkdnz s~n dk zn nvjh~}nd ~dc c hc kprc5 j~chmpcpm|c } j~cdpmpcpm|c( c`ngãz `n rnjkdkjnr s~n nh yrkbhngc `n hc kbenpm|m`c` } z~benpm|m`c` `n hkz `cpkz kbpndm`kz jkd`~jn c `mzj~zmkdnz bmucdpmdcz( ykr hk s~n hc gnekr kyjmúd nz cjnypcr nh fnjfk s~n nh jkdkjmgmndpk f~gcdk zn |n l~nrpngndpn mdlh~m`k ykr nh }k nokjídprmjk } ndjcgmdcr z~z nzl~nrukz c rnzykd`nr hcz yrno~dpcz `n »ykr s~n nz czç; »jkgk nz s~n kj~rrn;$ ^d cjnrjcgmndpk c hc `mzy~pc ndprn hc nvyhmjcjmúd } hc jkgyrndzmúd$

Hc jkgyrnzmúd ' yrmgkr`mchgndpn `n pk`c cs~nhhc rnhcpm|c c hcz mdpndjmkdnz( lmdnz( gnpcz } yrkyúzmpkz `nh condpn zkjmch( s~n zkd mdgcdndpnz c pk`kz hkz cz~dpkz nd `kd`n nh nzyçrmp~ ndprn nd e~nok'( } `n hc nvyhmjcjmúd jc~zch `n mdpnríz õdmjcgndpn nd hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz$ Nd jkdprcykzmjmúd c nzpc `nlmdmjmúd( hkz zno~m`krnz `n hc cyhmjcjmúd `nh ndlks~n `n hcz jmndjmcz `n hc dcp~rchnuc jkdzm`nrc s~n nh z~enpk nz ~d lndúgndk dcp~rch( jkgk j~chs~mnr  kprk( hk s~n hn ynrgmpn `kgmdcr( gcdmy~hcr } yrn`njmr hc dcp~rchnuc( czç jkgk pcgbmíd hhn|cr c jcbk pk`cz hcz cjjmkdnz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz s~n zn hn cprmb~}nd c hkz z~enpkz$ Nzpn cdpcokdmzgk zn `nrm|c `n hcz dkjmkdnz `n nvyhmjcjmúd } jkgyrndzmúd1 nh yrmgnrk jkgk hc nvykzmjmúd `n hcz jc~zcz k s~n e~zpmlmjcd jmnrpc jkzc( nh zno~d`k jkgk hc lcj~hpc` `n jkgyrnd`nr( nzpk nz ndpnd`nr nh zmodmlmjc`k `n chok$ Dkjmúd `n Nvyhmjcjmúd$

Hc dkjmúd `n hc nvyhmjcjmúd ykr jkdzm`nrcr s~n nz hc gãz rnlnrm`c nd hc hmpnrcp~rc `n j~chs~mnr  `mzjmyhmdc s~n zn jkdzm`nrn jmndpçlmjc$ ^dc m`nc nzprnjfcgndpn hmoc`c ch yrmdjmymk `n nvyhmjcjmúd nz nh jkdjnypk `n hn}( }c s~n ycrc cho~dkz hc õdmjc nvyhmjcjmúd ykzmbhn nd hc jmndjmc nz cs~nhhc s~n zn l~d`cgndpc nd nh nzpcbhnjmgmndpk `n ~dc hn}$ Nvmzpn ~dc jhczn nd hc s~n zn nzpcbhnjn hc |nr`c` ~dm|nrzch `nh fnjfk nvyhmjc`k( y~nzpk s~n hkz yczkz `n hc `ngkzprcjmúd j~gyhnd jkd hkz rns~mzmpkz lkrgchnz `n hc yr~nbc húomjc }( c`ngãz hcz yrngmzcz `n hc `ngkzprcjmúd zkd pcgbmíd nd jmnrpk zndpm`k dnjnzcrmcz( jkgk z~jn`n ykr nengyhk jkd hcz |nr`c`nz gcpngãpmjcz$ Dkjmúd `n jkgyrndzmúd$

Hc dkjmúd `n jkgyrndzmúd nzpc çdpmgcgndpn hmoc`c c ~dc jkdjnyjmúd `n hc yzmjkhkoçc s~n hc znycrc `n hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz } s~n `nlmnd`n gk`nhkz `n jmndpmlmjm`c` nzynjçlmjkz ycrc hc yzmjkhkoçc } dk yn`mrhkz yrnzpc`kz `n hcz jmndjmcz dcp~rchnz$ Hcz yrmdjmychnz pnzmz s~n zkzpmndn nz s~n hc yzmjkhkoçc dk pmndn s~n ndjcgmdcrzn nd hc bõzs~n`c `n hn}nz ycrc nvyhmjcr k yrn`njmr dkgkhúomjcgndpn hkz cjkdpnjmgmndpkz f~gcdkz( zmdk s~n( zkbrn pk`k( zn `nbnd `n ndjc~ucr c hc mdpnryrnpcjmúd `nh zmodmlmjc`k `n hcz cjjmkdnz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz$ Pcgbmíd fcjn ~zk `nh ndlks~n fnrgndí~pmjk s~n cbkoc ykr hc bõzs~n`c `nh zndpm`k mdpnrdk `n hcz cjjmkdnz f~gcdcz( jkgk jcrcjpnrçzpmjc l~d`cgndpch `n hc yzmjkhkoçc( bcek nh z~y~nzpk `n s~n hc rnchm`c` f~gcdc jkgk cycrnjn nd nh g~d`k zkjmch( nz `n pch gcdnrc s~n yk`ngkz jkgyrnd`nrhc `nz`n `ndprk$ @nz`n nzpn ndlks~n nh kbenpm|k yrmgkr`mch `n hc yzmjkhkoçc dk nz hc cj~g~hcjmúd `n jkdkjmgmndpkz jmndpçlmjkz( zmdk jkgyrnd`nr hkz lndúgndkz s~n zn jkdzm`nrcd rnhn|cdpnz pcdpk zkjmch jkgk j~hp~rchgndpn$ Hc fnrgndí~pmjc pnúrmjc j~}k rnyrnzndpcdpn nz Gcv _nbnr 

&b~s~n mdzmodmc `n hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz } f~gcdcz- yrkykdn s~n hc jkgyrndzmúd `nen `n znr  ngyãpmjc( ycrc jkd|nrpmrzn nd ~d yrkjnzk `n lkrg~hcjmúd `n fmyúpnzmz pnúrmjcgndpn yhc~zmbhnz s~n `nbnd znr jkdprczpc`cz } rnlkrg~hc`cz pkgcd`k jkgk y~dpk `n jkgycrcjmúd hc nvynrmndjmc1 c`ngãz( nh zmodmlmjc`k m`ndpmlmjc`k jkd hcz mdpndjmkdnz nd hc fnrgndí~pmjc `n hc rnj~ynrcjmúd( jn`n z~ h~ocr c ~dc jkdjnyjmúd `nh zmodmlmjc`k( nd `kd`n zn hn jkdjmbn jkgk ~d nhngndpk s~n yk`rçc nvyhmjcr j~cd`k gndkz nd pnkrçc hc rcjmkdchm`c` `n hcz cjjmkdnz c prc|íz `n hkz lmdnz mgy~pcbhnz ch condpn nd ~d `npnrgmdc`k pmyk `n zmp~cjmúd$  CRO^GNDPCJMKD ] JKDJH^ZMKDNZ$$ Ykr n|m`ndpn s~n ycrnujc nh `nzcrrkhhk `nh pngc crrkec h~u zkbrn hc rnhcjmúd gn cprn|k c `njmr  zmgbmúpmjc ndprn hc lmhkzklçc } hc yzmjkhkoçc( nd yrmgnr pnrgmdk ykr hc nymzpngkhkoçc s~n md|mpc c pk`kz hkz cjpkrnz `nh s~nfcjnr jmndpçlmjc c rnlhnvmkdcr zkbrn hcz gnpk`khkoçcz } pírgmdkz nd hkz j~chnz zn jkd`~jnd hcz md|nzpmocjmkdnz$ Hc jmndjmc ndpnd`m`c jkgk hc bõzs~n`c `n |nr`c`nz dk nz d~djc dn~prch( pcdpk gndkz hcz jmndjmcz zkjmchnz ykr nh fnjfk `n pndnr jkgk kbenpk `n nzp~`mk ch z~enpk s~n hcz nzp~`mc( nd nzn zndpm`k( nz mgykrpcdpn rnlhnvmkdcr( s~n pcdpk y~n`n nh jmndpçlmjc zkjmch } f~gcdk cbzprcnrzn `n z~z yrne~mjmkz Hc lmhkzklçc `n hc jmndjmc jrnc jkdjmndjmc `n hkz ~zkz `n hcz cyhmjcjmkdnz `n hc jmndjmc1 dk nz s~n nzpc y~n`c znr `n `nrnjfc k `n mus~mnr`c( zmdk s~n hkz yrk`~jpkz `n hc md|nzpmocjmúd jmndpçlmjc y~n`nd znr ~zc`kz jkd lmdnz `n ynrynp~cr rnhcjmkdnz czmgíprmjcz `n jhczn( jkdprkh `n hc `mzm`ndjmc ~ kprkz lmdnz `nzpr~jpm|kz ycrc hc f~gcdm`c` nd z~ jkde~dpk$ Jrnk s~n nz nd nh czynjpk ípmjk `kd`n hc lmhkzklçc pcgbmíd pmndn ~d ycynh jndprch jkc`}~|cd`k c hc jmndjmc( nd nzn zndpm`k `nzpnrrcr hc mgcond `nh jmndpçlmjk lrçk } `nzf~gcdmuc`k `nh mgcomdcrmk fc zm`k ~d mdjndpm|k ycrc cjnypcr ycrc`mogcz `n md|nzpmocjmúd `nh pmyk f~gcdmzpc jkgk nh m`nkorãlmjk( zmd ngbcrok( jkmdjm`k jkd s~n hkz rnz~hpc`kz `n cdãhmzmz rnz~hpcdpnz `n nzpn rnz~hpcd nd gcz s~n dc`c `nzjrmyjmkdnz s~n dk pmndnd ~dc cyhmjcjmúd yrcjpmjc mdgn`mcpc( dm pcgykjk cykrpcd ch j~nryk `n pnúrmjk `n jkdkjmgmndpkz cj~g~hc`kz$ Nh g~rk `n l~nok s~n nrmomú @nzjcrpnz jkd z~ `~chmzgk gndpn'nzyçrmp~ ycrnjn dk fcbnr jcç`k jkd nh yczk `nh pmngyk } hc jkdzpcpcjmúd `n s~n nzpc `m|mzmúd nz crpmlmjmch1 hcz `m|mzmkdnz rnz~hpcdpnz `n nzpc jkdjnyjmúd( fcd zm`k jkdzm`nrk kjmkzcz nd nh ynkr `n hkz jczkz( jkdzpr~jpm|cz c prc|íz `n hc jkdlrkdpcjmúd nd nh gnekr  Hcz clmrgcjmkdnz s~n fcjn Acrh Ykyynr zkbrn nh jcrãjpnr `n hkz nd~djmc`kz jmndpçlmjkz } z~ lchzcbmhm`c`( c~ds~n jkd hcz rnznr|cz s~n hc fnrgndí~pmjc `n _nbbnr yhcdpnc( zkd g~} ykzmpm|cz( ~d e~zpk gn`mk( ~d gípk`k cyrkymc`k c jc`c pngc nz hk s~n dnjnzmpcd hcz jmndjmcz

zkjmchnz$ Nz chndpc`kr nh orcd dm|nh `n cpndjmúd s~n hkz lmhúzklkz fcd yrnzpc`k ch nzp~`mk `n hcz gcdmy~hcjmkdnz `n hc jmndjmc( hc orcd jkdzm`nrcjmúd fcjmc nh pngc `n gk`mlmjcjmúd `n hk gn`m`k ykr nh zmgyhn fnjfk `n znr gn`m`k( } hkz nzl~nrukz ykr jkdjmhmcr hcz `m|nrondjmcz `n cyrkvmgcjmúd( nzp~`mk( rnjkhnjjmúd n mdpnryrnpcjmúd `n `cpkz Jrnk s~n nd nh l~p~rk nzpc jkgyhngndpcjmúd s~n hn fcjn hc lmhkzklçc c hc jmndjmc nd ondnrch } nd ycrpmj~hcr c hc yzmjkhkoçc zno~mrã zmnd`k pcd rnhn|cdpn jkgk hk l~n nd nh yczc`k( cjkgycóãd`khc( o~mãd`khc( yrno~dpãd`khn nh ykrs~n `n z~z gípk`kz } `n z~z mdpnryrnpcjmkdnz( ~d ycynh `n orcd prczjnd`ndjmc zmd dmdo~dc `~`c$ BMBHMKORCLMC$ Pf~mhhmnr( Y$ &3=?>-$ Hc gcdmy~hcjmúd `n hc jmndjmc$ Gc`rm`5 N`$ L~d`cgndpkz( yy$ 3:'23$ Nd E$ G$ Gcr`kdnz } D$ ^rz~c$ &3===-$ Lmhkzklçc `n hcz jmndjmcz f~gcdcz } zkjmchnz$ Gívmjk5 N`mjmkdnz Jk}kcjãd( yy$:6'0:$ Gcjbnpf( O$( Jkrpc`c( D$( Rcu~gmneju}a( N$&2996-$ Ynrzynjpm|cz nd Nymzpngkhkoçc `n hc Yzmjkhkoçc$ Mdzpmp~pk `n Md|nzpmocjmkdnz Yzmjkhúomjcz `n hc ^dm|nrzm`c` `nh Zch|c`kr$ Zmh|c( C$ &299>- Nzpc`k ondnrch `n hc ndjr~jmec`c nvyhmjcjmúd'jkgyrndzmúd nd hc Yzmjkhkoçc$ Jcyçp~hk 3$Gcpnrmch `n cyrnd`mucen rnchmuc`k nv yrklnzk ycrc nh yrmgnr j~rzk `nh gk`~hk Mdprk`~jjmúd c hc Lmhkzklçc `n hc Yzmjkhkoçc `n hc Hmjndjmcp~rc nd Yzmjkhkoçc Z^CN@$ LNZ Mupcjchc$ Ycrrc( G$N$ &3==?-$Nh @~chmzgk Nvyhmjcjmúd'Jkgyrndzmúd nd hc Gnpk`khkoçc `n hc Md|nzpmocjmúd$ ^d mdpndpk ycrc jkgyrnd`nrhk$ Jmdpc `n Gknbmk$ Dk$3 znypmngbrn$ Lcj~hpc` `n Jmndjmcz Zkjmchnz$ ^dm|nrzm`c` `n Jfmhn$ Zmh|c( C$ &299>- Dkjmúd `n Nvyhmjcjmúd Jc~zch nd hc Yzmjkhkoçc$ Jcyçp~hk :$Gcpnrmch `n cyrnd`mucen rnchmuc`k nv yrklnzk ycrc nh yrmgnr j~rzk `nh gk`~hk Mdprk`~jjmúd c hc Lmhkzklçc `n hc Yzmjkhkoçc `n hc Hmjndjmcp~rc nd Yzmjkhkoçc Z^CN@$ LNZ Mupcjchc$