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completion and workover manual
Wellhead & ChokesFull description
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L5 - MANIFOLDS MANIFOLDS & WELL CLUSTERS CLUSTERS •
DRILLING TEMPLATES
•
TEMPLATE MANIFOLDS
•
WELL CLUSTERS AROUND A MANIFOLD
•
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
•
MANIFOLD COMPONENTS – VALVES – CHOKES – CONTROL MODULES •
•
PROTECTION
EXAMPLES
POSSIBLE SUBSEA TIE-BACK OPTIONS INDIVIDUAL WELLS - NO MANIFOLDING Control umbilical
10” Production Flowline
6” Test Flow TEMPLATE MANIFOLD
MANIFOLD WITH CLUSTER WELLS
M A I N F OCOMPONENTS L D C O M P O N E N TS MANIFOLD V A L V E S •
G A T E A N D B A L L D E S IG N S
C H O K E S •
S L E E V E / C A G E D E S IG N
C O N TR O L M O D U LE S • •
O N T R E E O R M A N IF O L D N o . O F C O N N E C T IO N S
IN S T R U M E N T A T IO N • • • •
P F P L
R E S S U R E / T EM P E R A T U R E LO W O S IT IO N IN D IC A T IO N E A K D E T E C T IO N
P IP E W O R K A N D M A T E R IA L S • • • • •
C A R B O N S T EE L , D U PL E X , C R A S E A L S U R F A C E S I N L A ID T H E R M A L E X P A N S IO N E R O S IO N / C O R R O S IO N IN S U L A T IO N
C O N N E C T IO N S
Template Functions •
•
The primary function of a subsea template is to provide guidance for positioning wells and controlling their positions relative to one another. Some specific functions of a subsea template are: –
To provide a guide for positioning the well conductor and guiding the conductor during installation.
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To control spacing between adjacent well conductors.
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To provide guidance and support for the BOP in some cases.
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–
–
To provide guidance and support for well completion equipment equipment (e.g. trees) in some cases. To accommodate pre-installation of well flowline piping and facilitate interface of the production trees with their flowlines. To accommodate pre-installation of tree control hardware and facilitate interface of the production trees with their controls.
Typical Drilling Template ALBA FIELD PREDRILLING TEMPLATE (ahead of jacket installation)
Manifold functions The general function of a subsea manifold is to gather and distribute production through an arrangement of piping and valves. Some specific functions are: –
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–
–
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To collect the flow from individual satellite wells into a production header and control the delivery of the commingled flow to a field production gathering flowline To collect the flow from several field production gathering flowlines and deliver that flow to a larger production export pipeline. To isolate the production from individual wells and deliver it to a well test header or a well test flowline. To segregate high pressure and low pressure production into separate high pressure and low pressure headers and flowlines. To control the flow from individual wells by means of subsea chokes. Wells may be choked at the trees or at the manifold.
Manifold functions (contd) –
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To distribute injection water or gas from a common supply header to individual injection wells (water injection or gas injection manifolds). To distribute lift gas from a common lift gas header to individual wells (lift gas manifold). To facilitate pigging of subsea pipelines by provision of pig isolation valves, tees and pig detector instrumentation mounted on the manifold structure. To provide structural support of the piping and flowline connector at the flowline connection interface. To provide ROV or installation tool interfaces for installation of flowlines, chokes, pig launchers, pig receivers and other components.
MANIFOLD FUNCTIONS FOR 3 PRODUCTION & 2 WATER INJECTION WELLS + SPARES
PRODUCTION WELL 1
PT
PRODUCTION WELL 3
PRODUCTION WELL 2
PT
PRODUCTION WELL Spare
PT PT
SMPM
Pigging Loop
PRODUCTION WATER INJECTION GAS (for Lift) TEST LOOP (with Multiphase meter
WATER INJECTION WELL 1
WATER INJECTION WELL 2
WATER INJECTION WELL Spare
NUMBER AND TYPE OF WELL
MANIFOLD DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• • • • •
PRODUCTION, WATER INJECTION, GAS INJECTION GAS LIFT SINGLE / DIAL ZONE OPERATIONS DISTANCE FROM HOST FACILITY VERTICAL, DIVIATED OR HORIZONTAL WELLS
INSPECTION MAINTENANCE & REPAIR • • • • •
PHILOPHY OF OPERATION RELIABILITY AND NEED FOR ACCESS GENERAL VISUAL INSPECTION MAINTENANCE, VALVE OPERATIONS REPAIR BY REPLACEMENT
WATER DEPTH AND SEABED TYPE •
•
LOADS ON STRYCTURE Self Weight, Impact Snagging, Environmental, Thermal FIXING BY GRAVITY BASE, SUCTION PILE OR PILE
INSTALLATION •
LIFT WEIGHT TRANSPORT TO SITE
•
AVAILABILITY OF LIFT VESSEL AT LOCATION
•
FLOW & PRODUCTION CONSIDERATIONS • • •
PRODUCTION FLOW RATES + TURNDOWN GAS LIFT, WATER INJECTION CHEMICAL INJECTION
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS •
WELL TESTING (TEST LINE OR MULTIPHASE METER
Template / Manifold Systems BALMORAL TEMPLATE MANIFOLD For 14 Well Slots
TEMPLATE MANIFOLD WITH PROTECTION COVER
4 WELL TEMPLATE MANIFOLD SYSTEM
Typical Well Cluster System
VARIOUS WELL CLUSTER ARRANGEMENTS
FIELD LAYOUT WITH CIRCULAR WELL CLUSTER (Also showing safe handling areas)
LYELL FIELD MANIFOLD & WELL CLUSTER (Circular)
LARGE MANIFOLD - STRASPHEY FIELD
MANIFOLD FOR 14 WELLS - Some 2000 MANIFOLD tonnes weight 20m x 40 m - (note Reference Markers on Frame)
TEMPLATE MANIFOLDS vs WELL CLUSTERS ABOUT A MANIFOLD MANIFOLD (Advantages and Disadvantages) TEMPLATE MANIFOLD
WELL CLUSTER
Engineering
- Complex due to number Of Components and Contractor Interfaces - Tolerated Interfaces on Tree and Manifolds
- Simple Independent Interfaces - Separate Equipment Package
Schedule
- Template Required Before Drilling - Integrated Testing Required
- Fast Track Early Drilling before Hardware
Field Layout
- Top Hole Locations Constrained by Template - Need for Spare Well Slots
- Flexible Well Numbers and locations - Appraisal well Tie-in Ability
Installation
- Heavy Lift and Levelling Required
- Lower Weight Manifold Lift - Not Sensitive to Levelling requirement
Safety
- SIMPOS Problems
Protection
- Inherently Better
- Layout Permits Simultaneous Drilling, Production and IMR - Needs Protection on Trees and Jumpers to be covered
Cost
- Large Early CAPEX
- Phased CAPEX
Intervention
- Restricted Access to Central Manifold and TreeFaces
- Good Access and IMR opportunity
Decommissioning
- Plug and Cut all Wells To Release Structure
- Simple abandonment Operations, Lower Weights
GATE VALVE
BALL VALVE
LAND BASED CHOKE SYSTEM - Showing Choking Mechanism
SUBSEA RETRIEVABLE CHOKE WITH CROWN CONNECTOR
DROPPED OBJECT IMPACT j k 5 2
j k 0 5
GRAPPLING LOAD SNAG 60T
100T
CAPTURE LOAD
INSTALLATION INSTALLATION AND OPERATIONAL LOADINGS ON A MANIFOLD Max Lift Weight (in air) = 90 Tonnes
DRAGGING ANCHORS MANIFOLD PROTECTION - SH SHIP IPPI PING NG LANE LANES S - CONSTR CONSTRUCT UCTIO ION N VESSEL VESSELS S - PRODUCTIO PRODUCTION N VESSELD VESSELD (FPSOs, (FPSOs, FPVs) >> EXCLUSION ZONES AND PROCEDURES FISHING GEAR - DEFINE ACTIVITY ACTIVITY - TYPICA TYPICAL L IMPACT IMPACTS S - 15 KJ - TYPICAL TYPICAL PULLING PULLING FORCES FORCES - 35 TO 60 TONNES TONNES >> PROBABILITY + LEVELS OF IMPACT OR SNAGGING SNAGGING DROPPED OBJECTS Basic Sources - DRILLING / COMPLETIONS COMPLETIONS AND WORKOVER WORKOVER - SUPPORT SUPPORT AND SUPPLY SUPPLY - DSV MSV - ANCHOR ANCHOR HANDLING HANDLING - MERCHANT MERCHANT SHIPPING SHIPPING Areas Addressed - WHAT OBJECTS HANDLED, SIZE AND WEIGHT WEIGHT - FREQUENCY FREQUENCY OF HANDLING HANDLING - FREQUENCY = OBJECT DROP FREQUENCY x PROBABILITY THAT OBJECT DROPPED FROM GIVEN LOCATION x PROBABILITY OBJECT LANDS ON THE TARGET - TARGET TARGET AREAS - WHERE WHERE OBJECT OBJECTS S HAN HANDLE DLED D >> LEVELS OF OF PROTECTION PROTECTION 50 JK etc
REQUIREMENTS
LIST OF SOME POTENTIAL DROPPED OBJECTS Object / String Drill Rig Anchor ROV & Cage Drill Pipe 36” Bottom Hole Assembly 30” Conductor 18 ¾” Wellhead 15 t Container Full 15t Container Empty Gas Rack Skip Full Skip Empty 13 3/8” Casing 7” Liner Trees Tree Cap
Dimensions W L 5.4 5.4 5. 3 .4 1.8 0.17 0.17 0 .9 0.9
