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Why should you care about network virtualization? That question has more than a single answer. In fact, in this chapter, I describe several themes that point to a single overarching need: It’s time...
Virtualization and virtual situations are major basics for files input in cloud adding. It is assistances for together the visitor user and the worker while it provides the first with the features needed to execute his demand, it gives the second the
Learn the basics of virtualization.
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RPM Brotherhood: KVM VIRTUALIZATION TECHNOLOGY
Syamsul Anuar Abd Nasir Fedora Ambassador Malaysia
ABOUT ME ●
Technical Consultant for Warix Technologies www.warix.my
• Warix is a Red Hat partner • Offers the services and solutions on building private cloud / Virtualization based on Red Hat Enterprise Virtualization and KVM • Fedora Ambassador Malaysia
INTRODUCTION Ability to run multiple Operating System (Windows, Linux, UNIX etc) on one single physical machine Decoupling software and applications from single hardware
VIRTUALIZATION VOCABULARIES • VM: Virtual Machine • Hypervisor / VMM : Virtual Machine Monitor or simple term, OS for the VM Guests • Guest OS: The OS that is run within a virtual machine • Host OS: The OS that runs on the computer system • Paravirtualized Guest: The guest OS that is modified to have knowledge of a VMM. Mostly Xen • Full Virtualization: The guest OS is run unmodified in this environment
TYPES OF HYPERVISOR • TYPE 1 : Native or baremetal hypervisor that runs directly on host hardware. E.g. Xen and KVM • TYPE 2 : Hypervisor software running on top OS. E.g. Virtualbox
• Containers: User Space server Virtualization method where kernel and OS allows multiple solated instances of them running. Eg. FreeBSD Jails, Solaris Zone, OpenVZ, FreeVPS, and Linux Vserver
HARDWARE ASSISTED VIRT CPU Vendors extending x86 architecture • Adding CPU features to support virtualization • Feature added ~2006 available in o Intel – VT (Xeon, Core Duo and Core 2 Duo) o AMD – AMD-V (Opteron, Athlon and Phenom) 1st Generation • Offloads “Ring compression” to CPU • Effectively provides new privilege level • Hypervisor no longer scan and rewrite kernel code • CPU provides 'hooks' or 'traps' for privileged instructions
HARDWARE ASSISTED VIRT 2nd Generation • Memory Management o Offloads memory page table management to CPU & Chipset o Provides significant performance improvement • Intel - Extended Page Tables (EPT) o Available in Nehalem class Xeon • AMD : Rapid Virtualization Indexing (RVI) o was called NPT (Nested Page Tables) o Available in quad core Opterons
THE KVM VIRTUALIZATION • KVM – the Kernel-based Virtual Machine – is a Linux kernel module that turns Linux into a hypervisor • Tightly integrated into Linux and upstream since kernel 2.6.20 (January 2007) • Requires hardware virtualization extensions (Intel VMX and AMD SVM) • Offload most work to CPU & chip and NO binary translation (So its faster) • Leveraging all the capabilities of the Linux kernel without breaking any compatability issue • Cool features - memory and storage overcommit (among others)
BENEFITS OF KVM MODEL • Leverage is the name of the game o Linux – no need to re-invent the wheel o Built on trusted, stable enterprise grade platform o Ease of management – use same tools for managing physical servers and hypervisors • Advanced features o Inherit scalability, NUMA support, power management, hot-plug etc o others have to develop from scratch o SELinux security, S-Virt, Advanced scheduler, RAS support (Intel Nehalem EX enablement)
KVM AS HYPERVISOR
KVM FEATURES MEMORY OVERCOMMIT Kernel Same-Page Merging (KSM)
KVM FEATURES STORAGE OVERCOMMIT Thin Provisioning Allocate storage only when needed Oversubscribe storage Transparent to virtual machine Improve Storage Utilization Reduced Storage Costs Works with NFS, iSCSI and Fiber Channel Storage reporting and alerting
KVM FEATURES SECURITY Security
Inherits security features of Linux
Includes support for SELinux
Provides protection & isolation for virtual machines processes & host
Compromised virtual machine isolation
sVirt Project
Sub-project of NSA's SELinux community
Provides “hardened” hypervisors
Contain any hypervisor breaches
KVM FEATURES VIRTIO Performance
Open Source Paravirtualized accelerated drivers for Linux Kernel Virtualization
Improve performance for Full Hardware Virtualization
Virtualization disk, NIC etc
Collaboration between Red Hat and IBM
Not specific to KVM
SOME KVM BENCHMARK (Iperf in KVM)
SUMMARY OF RESULTS
One should use Virtio in favor of VT-d pass-through, or emulated Network Driver Emulated NICs are much slower than Virtio or VT-d The MAX bandwidth of Virtio connecting to a remote is very close to VT-d or Native Using Virtio to connect to Dom0 is much faster than using VT-d (since in our setup VT-d is a second NIC)
Libguestfs - libguestfs is a set of tools which you can use to examine and modify virtual machine images from outside (ie. from the host)
NetCF - a library for configuring network interfaces.
Deltacloud – An API that abstract the differences between clouds.
QCOW2 - qcow2 is the native disk image file format of qemu. It supports “copy-on-write” feature. Cgroups - an upstream kernel feature that allows system resources to be partitioned/divided up amongst different processes, or a group of processes. Condor - develop, implement, deploy, and evaluate mechanisms and policies that support High Throughput Computing (HTC) on large collections of distributively owned computing resources.
