CentOS _ Redhat_ Install KVM Virtualization Software.pdf

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C entOS / Redhat: Instal l KVM Vi r tual i zati on Softwar e

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Cent CentOS OS / Redhat: Install KVM Virtualization Virtualization Software Sof tware by Nix by Nix Craf Craftt on June June 12, 2010 · 35 commen comments ts·· LAST UPDATED February 1, 2011 inCentOS in CentOS,, Linux KVM, KVM, RedHat and Friends KVM (Kernel-based Virtual Machine) is a full virtualization solution for Linux on x86 hardware containing virtualization extensions Intel VT or AMD-V. How do I install KVM under CentOS or Red Hat Enterprise Linux version 5.5? The Linux kernel 2.6.20 and above included KVM. RHEL 5.5 (and upcoming RHEL 6) supports KVM out of box and it has also been ported to FreeBSD as a loadable kernel module. However, this this tutorial is tested teste d on o n both CentOS C entOS and RHEL 5.5 only runni running ng 64 bit b it Intel Xeon CP U (with Intel VT) and 64 bit kernels with SELin SELinux ux runni running ng in enforcing mode.

Why KVM? XEN allows several guest operating systems to execute on the same computer hardware and it is also included with RHEL 5.5. But, why use KVM over XEN? KVM is part of the official Linux kernel and fully supported by both Novell and Redhat. Xen boots from GRUB and loads a modified host operating system such as RHEL into the dom0 (host domain). KVM do not have concept of dom0 and domU. It uses /dev/kvm interface to setup the guest operating systems and provides required drivers. drivers. See the official wiki for wiki for more information.

Required Required Package s You must install the following packages: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

kmod-kvm : kvm kernel module(s) kvm : Kernel-based Virtual Machine kvm-qemu-img : Qemu disk image utility kvm-tools : KVM debugging and diagnostics tools python-virtinst : Python modules and utilities for installing virtual machines virt-manager : Virtual Machine Manager (GUI app, to install and configure VMs) virt-viewer: Virtual Machine Viewer (another lightweight app to view VM console and/or install VMs) bridge-utils : Utilities for configuring the Linux Ethernet bridge (this is recommended for KVM networking)

KVM Package Group

RHEL comes with KVM software group which includes full virtualization support with KVM. You can list all packages in the group as follows: # yum groupinfo KVM

Sample outputs:

http://www.cyber ci ti .bi z/faq /centos- r hel - l i nux- kvm- vi r tul i zati on- tutor i al /

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CentOS / Redhat: Install KVM Virtualization Software

Loaded plugins: rhnplugin, security Setting up Group Process Group: KVM Description: Virtualization Support with KVM Mandatory Packages: celt051 etherboot-zroms etherboot-zroms-kvm kmod-kvm kvm kvm-qemu-img qcairo qffmpeg-libs qpixman qspice-libs Default Packages: Virtualization-en-US libvirt virt-manager virt-viewer Optional Packages: celt051-devel etherboot-pxes etherboot-roms etherboot-roms-kvm gpxe-roms-qemu iasl kvm-tools libcmpiutil libvirt-cim qcairo-devel qffmpeg-devel qpixman-devel qspice qspice-libs-devel

A Note About libvirt libvirt is an open source API and management tool for managing platform virtualization. It is used to manage Linux KVM and Xen virtual machines through graphical interfaces such as Virtual Machine Manager and higher level tools such as oVirt. See the official website for more information.

A Note About QEMU QEMU is a processor emulator that relies on dynamic binary translation to achieve a reasonable speed while being easy to port on new host CPU architectures. When used as a virtualizer, QEMU achieves near native performances by executing the guest code directly on the host CPU. QEMU supports virtualization when executing under the Xen hypervisor or using the KVM kernel module in Linux. When using KVM, QEMU can virtualize x86, server and embedded PowerPC, and S390 guests. See the official website for more information.

A Note About Virtio Drivers Virtio is paravirtualized drivers for kvm/Linux. With this you can can run multiple virtual machines running unmodified Linux or Windows VMs. Each virtual machine has private virtualized hardware a network card, disk, graphics adapter, etc. According to Redhat: Para-virtualized drivers enhance the performance of fully virtualized guests. With the para-virtualized drivers guest I/O latency decreases and throughput increases to near bare-metal levels. It is recommended to use the para-virtualized drivers for fully virtualized guests running I/O heavy tasks and applications.

Host Operating System Your main operating system such as CentOS or RHEL is known as host operating system. KVM is a Linux kernel module that enables a modified QEMU program to use hardware virtualization. You only need to install KVM under host operating systems.

KVM Domains It is nothing but a guest operating system running under host operating system. Each kvm domain must have a unique name and ID (assigned by system).

Guest Operating Systems KVM supports various guest operating systems such as 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.

MS-Windows 2008 / 2000 / 2003 Server MS-Windows 7 / Vista / XP FreeBSD OpenBSD Sun Solaris Various Linux distributions. NetBSD MINIX QNX MS DOS FreeDOS Haiku Amiga Research OS

Install KVM http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-rhel-linux-kvm-virtulization-tutorial/

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Type the following command to install KVM under RHEL or CentOS: # yum install kvm virt-viewer virt-manager libvirt libvirt-python python-virtinst

OR # yum groupinstall KVM

Important Configuration And Log Files (Directories) Location The following files are required to manage and debug KVM problems: 1. /etc/libvirt/ - Main configuration directory. 2. /etc/libvirt/qemu/ - Virtual machine configuration directory. All xml files regarding VMs are stored here. You can edit them manually or via virt-manager. 3. /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/ - Networking for your KVM including default NAT. NAT is only recommended for small setup or desktops. I strongly suggest you use bridged based networking for performance. 4. /etc/libvirt/qemu/networks/default.xml - The default NAT configuration used by NAT device virbr0. 5. /var/log/libvirt/ - The default log file directory. All VM specific logs files are stored here. 6. /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf - Master libvirtd configuration file. 7. /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf - Master configuration file for the QEMU driver.

TCP/UDP Ports By default libvirt does not opens any TCP or UDP ports. However, you can configure the same by editing the /etc/libvirt/libvirtd.conf file. Also, VNC is configured to listen on 127.0.0.1 by default. To make it listen on all public interfaces, edit /etc/libvirt/qemu.conf file.

Our Sample Setup

LAN --> Switch

-->

eth0 --> -+ 10.10.21.70 | ---> br0 -+ | | ===> | | | ---> br1 -+ Wan --> ISP Router --> eth1 --> -+ 123.1.2.3

+---------------- + | RHEL Server | | KVM | +---------------- +

+-------------> | +-------------> | +-------------> -----+ +-------------> | +-------------> | +------------->

vm#1 ( 10.10.21.71 / 123.1.2.4, CentOS M vm#2 ( 10.10.21.72 / 123.1.2.5, FreeBSD vm#3 ( 10.10.21.73 / 123.1.2.6, OpenBSD vm#4 ( 10.10.21.74 / 123.1.2.7, Solaris vm#5 ( 10.10.21.71 / 123.1.2.8, Windows vm#6 ( 10.10.21.71 / 123.1.2.9, RHEL Mail

(Fig.01: Our sample server setup - you need to scroll to see complete diagram) Where,

Host Configuration OS - RHEL / CentOS v5.5 is our host operating system. Host has two interface eth0 and eth1 LAN - eth0 with private ip Internet - eth1 with public IPv4/IPv6 address. Disk - 73x4 - 15k SAS disk in RAID 10 hardware mode. All VMs are stored on same server (later I will cover SAN/NFS/NAS configuration with live migration). RAM - 16GB ECC CPU - Dual core dual Intel Xeon CPU L5320 @ 1.86GHz with VT enabled in BIOS.

Virtual Mac hine Configuration Bridged mode networking (eth0 == br0 and eth1 == br1) with full access to both LAN and Internet. Accelerator virtio drivers used for networking (model=virtio) Accelerator virtio drivers for disk (if=virtio) and disk will show up as /dev/vd[a-z][1-9] in VM. Various virtual machines running different guest operating systems as per requirements. TwitterFacebookGoogle+PDF versionFound an error/typo on this page? Help us! This entry is 1 of 14 in the CentOS / Redhat (RHEL) KVM Virtulization series. Keep reading the rest of the series: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.

CentOS / Redhat: Install KVM Virtualization Software CentOS / Redhat: KVM Bridged Network Configuration KVM virt-manager: Install CentOS As Guest Operating System KVM virt-install: Install FreeBSD / CentOS As Guest Operating System KVM: Install CentOS / RHEL Using Kickstart File (Automated Installation) Troubleshooting KVM Virtualization Problem With Log Files KVM Virsh: Redirect FreeBSD Console To A Serial Port KVM: Starting / Stopping Guest Operating Systems With virsh Command Linux KVM: Disable virbr0 NAT Interface FreeBSD / OpeBSD Running in KVM Does Not Accept FTP Traffic KVM: Start a Virtual Machine / Guest At Boot Time KVM virt-install: Install OpenBSD As Guest Operating System Linux KVM: OpenBSD Guest Hangs At Starting tty Flags KVM Virtualization: Start VNC Remote Access For Guest Operating Systems

http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-rhel-linux-kvm-virtulization-tutorial/

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Get Yourself A Volkswagen Golf TSI. The Powerful Yet Efficient VW Golf! { 35 comments… read them below or add one } 1 Zdenek Styblik June 13, 2010 at 10:23 am The heading should read ‘virtualization’. Not bad summary though. Reply 2 nixCraft June 13, 2010 at 11:02 am Thanks for the heads up! Reply 3 qt2r June 14, 2010 at 11:43 am Excellent guide. thanks for sharing :) Reply 4 cod3fr3ak June 14, 2010 at 3:41 pm Which gives better results with non-virtual aware operating system, xen or kvm. I can never remember. I am considering trying to run Windows 7 within a xen or kvm instance on Centos 5.5. Does anyone know if it supports Directx? A couple of the games I play use it for 3d and effects rendering. Reply 5 fred January 19, 2013 at 12:09 am hi cod3fr3ak, did you get any answers on your question about xen or kvm supporting directx? i’m having the same problem… thx in advance fred Reply 6 Bhaskar Chowdhury June 16, 2010 at 4:42 am Hey Vivek! This article is as good as others you have posted earlier.Keep up the good work man.Looking forward to the next installment of this article. Cheers mate! Reply 7 Paul June 17, 2010 at 7:48 am Hi as far as I’m aware Novell does not yet support KVM, it is included in SLES11 sp1 as a “technology preview”, I think they call it, ie they include it for you to test but it is not supported, at least not officially. Cheers Reply 8 Ian June 27, 2010 at 10:49 am It was tech preview in sles11, fully supported in sles11sp1 Reply 9 mam June 22, 2010 at 10:21 am I found error in one command yum groupinstall KMV, correct is yum groupinstall KVM Reply 10 nixCraft June 22, 2010 at 2:05 pm Thanks! The post has been updated. Reply 11 rwilla August 5, 2010 at 6:49 am


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You can list all packages in the group as follows: #yum groupinfo Virtualization Reply 12 Rocky Patel October 14, 2010 at 4:45 pm Hi, I m getting this error while installing yum groupinstall KVM.. yum groupinstall KVM Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * addons: mirrors.hns.net.in * base: mirrors.hns.net.in * extras: mirrors.hns.net.in * updates: mirrors.hns.net.in Setting up Install Process Resolving Dependencies –> Running transaction check —> Package kvm.i386 0:36-1 set to be updated —> Package virt-manager.i386 0:0.6.1-12.el5 set to be updated –> Processing Dependency: python-virtinst >= 0.400.3 for package: virt-manager —> Package virt-viewer.i386 0:0.0.2-3.el5 set to be updated –> Running transaction check —> Package python-virtinst.noarch 0:0.400.3-9.el5_5.1 set to be updated –> Processing Conflict: libvirt conflicts kvm Finished Dependency Resolution libvirt-0.6.3-33.el5_5.3.i386 from installed has depsolving problems –> libvirt conflicts with kvm Error: libvirt conflicts with kvm You could try using –skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: package- cleanup –problems package-cleanup –dupes rpm -Va –nofiles –nodigest The program package-cleanup is found in the yum-utils package. Reply 13 Ice72 December 2, 2010 at 8:58 am Hi, great summary. On fedora core 14 the “yum install ” command not install the qemu-kvm.x86_64 which is installed if I use the command “yum install virtualization” Reply 14 Hanif December 30, 2010 at 3:47 am How about if I want the vcpu more than 16 cores Reply 15 alessandroo June 21, 2011 at 8:48 am hello, Is kvm available on RHEL 5.5 32 bits ? I have only a 32 bit processor… Reply 16 nixCraft June 21, 2011 at 11:28 am Running a 64 bit kernel (RHEL 64 bit) on the host operating system is recommended but not required. You can use 32bit but limited to 2GB ram per VM. A 32 bit server can only host 32-bit guest operating system. Reply 17 alessandroo June 21, 2011 at 12:10 pm ok thanks for this information, but its not really my request. I have a RHEL 5.5 32bits distribution (i have only a proc 32bits, i dont have the choice) in a plateform test and i need to install KVM. Is KVM compatible with a 32 bit distribution? Because i dont find the packet “kvm”, “libvirt”, “virt manager” Reply 18 nixCraft June 21, 2011 at 12:20 pm RHEL 5.5+ x86 removed 32bit kvm packages. Your options are as follows a) Go with 64bit (x64) RHEL system as Redhat not planned create 32bit KVM as most VM server runs on 64 bit platform. b) Go with 32 bit RHEL and compile new kernel with KVM


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CentOS / Redhat: Install KVM Virtualization Software c) Use Ubuntu or other 32 bit Linux distro that support 32bit KVM Reply

19 abdullah kamal August 23, 2011 at 4:06 pm is it possible to create virtual data center in centos, currently this kind of technology is provided by the redhat. Reply 20 Lio September 5, 2011 at 6:00 pm Hi all could anyone advise me to solve the problem the problem is as following: I’ve installed kvm with all its packages and when i want to install win 7 it will be stacked and does not go forward please help i’ll be appreciated Reply 21 ahmad September 7, 2011 at 9:09 am Please note that RedHat/CentOS was configured to run KVM only on 64-bit operating systems. Reply 22 Ivan September 18, 2011 at 2:50 pm For the host Centos OS, what is the recommended installation configurations? (Server or Minimal)? I have chosen Minimal but couldn’t load any GUI for my centos… and is stuck at the step where it is suppose to load a GUI for virtual manager Reply 23 Rashid Iqbal October 15, 2011 at 7:28 pm I want to change the default location of virtual harddisk to another LVM volume. How can I do this………? Reply 24 luckysanj November 20, 2011 at 9:18 am same thing from my side also….For the host Centos O S, what is the recommended installation configurations? (Server or Minimal)? I have chosen Minimal but couldn’t load any GUI for my centos…and is stuck at the step where it is suppose to load a GUI for virtual manager. Reply 25 Sathish January 25, 2012 at 6:13 pm Thanks, its very helpful for me :) Reply 26 kuljinder mathoun February 28, 2012 at 6:42 pm Do we have any equivalent application like VMware Virtual Center to manage KVM hosts? I heard about OVIRT but it has some limitation. Thanks Reply 27 Rafi March 16, 2012 at 2:10 am first thank you Vivek, for writing an article that brand new newbies could follow, nice organized. Further request to dumb it down by some server sizing how many CPUs, RAM etc especially for small cluster of 1-10 desktops (that is what we like to do)… also do you have articles on how to installed RHEL 64 on a brand new machine? Sorry folks, I have to start somewhere, I am staring at my RHEL 6.2 ISO images, new server no OS on it, 3.0 GHz CPU quad core and 16 GB RAM. Plugged in and I have no CLUE. I absolutely cannot stand the other techies speak nor understand it. Everything else I read, just went into total geekdom high brow type writeup/ Vivek any dummy level article that goes step by step or any material I could read up on will be deeply appreciated!!! Reply 28 Rafi March 16, 2012 at 2:13 am Just saw your TOC some install stuff there, will try that… thanks! Reply 29 aswin May 31, 2012 at 10:17 am


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I have question, I already installed kvm at dell R720 12 Core with 64GB RAM and 4TB HDD SCSI with RAID5. Problem with windows guest OS when running with KVM, ethernet using virtio driver very slow performance, I copy from sharing folder 25Mb it took 60Minutes until finish. but running well wit Linux guest OS. info : Running in CentOS 6.2 x86_64 kernel 2.6.32-220.13.1.el6.x86_64 lsmod : virtio_pci 6687 0 virtio_net 15839 0 virtio_ring 7729 2 virtio_pci,virtio_net virtio 4890 2 virtio_pci,virtio_net vhost_net 31384 2 macvtap 9724 5 vhost_net macvlan 10180 1 macvtap tun 17051 5 vhost_net kvm_intel 50412 10 kvm 305988 1 kvm_intel acpi_pad 87758 0 Do you have any Idea, thank you.. regards Reply 30 Putchong Uthayopas June 3, 2012 at 1:15 am Good start for KVM. Help me a lot. Thanks… Reply 31 David Ramirez November 1, 2012 at 3:59 pm Thanks – a good lead-in into doing this for 1st time… even after coming from other commercial environments… Reply 32 Lihar Shendi Wijaya October 29, 2013 at 10:01 am I Very Like This Post :) i want ask question sir ifcfg-eth0 = ifcfg-br0 ifcfg-eth1 = ifcfg-br1 what is iptables nat use? interfaes iptables eth0 with eth1 or br0 with br1 ? thanks sir Reply 33 sahil January 7, 2014 at 11:37 am Hello Sir, Can we install KVM on Centos 32 bit base machine. ? I tried it on centos 6 32 bit using yum but Its says no package found for KVM. Please help Reply 34 sudheer January 19, 2014 at 11:14 am HI Guys, In my setup we need to configure both IPV4 and IPv6 on same KVM machine(Br0 for IPV4 and Br1 for IPV6 internal). Can some one who worked on this kind of setups please suggest me how to create bridges and guest network. I have configured as i IPV4 setup but very often the guests are not reachable from outside of the server. Reply 35 Nix Craft January 19, 2014 at 11:34 am Did you read 2nd part: Bridged networking? Reply Leave a Comment Name *


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