Key topics to be addressed : - 1Summary about State of Kuwait - 2The sector responsible for sanitation in the State of Kuwait - 3Sewage system and networks - 4Wastewater treatment plants in the State of Kuwait - 5private sector involvement in infrastructure projects
– 6the full re-use of treated wastewater (TSE)
Key topics to be addressed : - 1Summary about State of Kuwait - 2The sector responsible for sanitation in the State of Kuwait - 3Sewage system and networks - 4Wastewater treatment plants in the State of Kuwait - 5private sector involvement in infrastructure projects
– 6the full re-use of treated wastewater (TSE)
t i a w u K o t
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State of Kuwait has a land area of 17,818 km2 The population of Kuwait is 3.6 million (June 2010) About 98% of population live within Kuwait Metropolitan Area, 810 km 2 or 4.5% of total area Kuwait is the only country in the world without natural lakes or perennial rivers Climate of Kuwait is dry, hot desert and annual evaporation far exceeds rainfall average of 125mm per year
t i a w u K o t
n o i t c u d o r t n I
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Kuwait is part of a large regional desert situated at low altitude. Average diurnal temperature is 33 °C, but drops as low as -3 °C in January. Maximum temperature is 52 °C. Annual rainfall is between 25 mm and 175 mm, most of this falling between October and March. Winter also brings fierce dust storms. The harsh climate and the rapid growth of demand on fresh water resources due to increasing urbanization urbanization and agricultural agricultur al projects, leads to search for alternative sources of water. water. Population increase results in growing Population volumes of municipal wastewater. This leads to health and environmental problems if not treated properly.
Competence and responsibilities The Ministry of Public Works Study and design, construction and maintenance: •
Roads and bridges
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Infrastructure for residential areas
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Rain and sanitation sanitation networks and facilities Various governmental facilities and buildings
Sanitary Engineering Sector The sanitary engineering sector in the Ministry of Public Works is in charge of Wastewater Management and the preparation of technical studies and technical assistance to develop the facility and construction of all projects related to the renewal of sewerage systems and improving the performance of transfer stations and collection and water treatment, and raising the efficiency of capacity of the networks to meet the rates of population growth and urbanization and the steady increase in the numbers of the population
Per capita consumption of water in the State of Kuwait, compared with some of the world
y a d r e p a t i p a c r e p s n o l l a g n i e s u r e t a W
Freshwater consumption in Kuwait Agriculture
Commercial
industry utilities
85%
residential area
Continued growing demand for fresh water will double production in 2025 to four times the current production 2500
r 2000 a e y r e p s 1500 e r t e m c i b 1000 u c n o i l l i m
500
0 2000
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Pollutants in Raw Sewage •
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Raw domestic sewage consists of physical and chemical compounds, microbes and viruses. The physical compounds can be divided into 99.9% water and 0.1% solids (pollutants). The solids can by divided into dissolved solids (75% - 65%) and suspended solids (25% - 35%) which are 50% settle-able suspended solids and 50% non settle-able solids. The chemical compounds can be grouped into 30% inorganic compounds such as salts, metals, grit and sand. Remaining 70% are Organic Compounds such as fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
WATER RESOURCES
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Desalination
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Ground water
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Water Reuse
Desalination. •
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The installed desalination capacity exceeds 3000 million m3 yearly. Representing about 50% of World’s desalination capacity. Covers about 90% of the domestic/industrial demand. GCC capital investments for past two decades is us $ 16 billion. GCC needed investments for coming 20 years is about us $ 50 billion.
Ground Water
Provides Majority Of Total Water Demand in GCC
Excessive withdrawal from aquifers in the past years at a rate exceeding the natural replenishment led to :
Depletion.
Increase in the capital and operational cost.
Increase in salinity.
Waste Water Reuse
Solves two problems
:
Environmental Pollution Water Resource Deficit
Available in different alternatives: Secondary, Tertiary, UF & RO.
Various applications depending on treatment level
Sewage Treatment •
Sewage treatment is traditionally divided into the following stages:
Primary treatment, which is based on physical operations such as screening, degritting and odour control.
Secondary treatment, which is biological treatment using activated sludge and performed in bioreactors (aeration tanks) and classifiers.
Tertiary treatment, which applies physical and chemical operations such as filtration and chlorination.
RO treatment, which applies ultra and micro filtration using Reverse Osmosis.
Sludge treatment, which applies physical and biological treatment operations such as thickeners and digesters (aerobic).
The Sewerage System in Kuwait
The present & future strategies for the sanitary sector Renovation of old network as follows: A Replacement of deterred pipes (asbestos) with a better quality pipes that have longer life time which can reaches 50 years and over and can resists the aggressive soil from outside and the highly polluted sewage from inside. –
B - Replacing the old concrete manholes with new lined manholes which can resist the aggressive nature of the gases that emissions from the sewage.
The present & future strategies for the sanitary sector C - Improving the slope of the sewer pipes in the hole network to gain the following : 1- Faster flow inside the pipe (self cleaning). 2-Deleting old lifting and pumping stations to reduce the operation , maintains and odor problems. 3-Constracting new 6 huge pumping stations which will replace the 21 old pumping stations and there related lifting stations.
New Deep Tunnel Sewers and Pumping Stations Four main sub-catchments will be served by the new system 1. Mishref PS – Serves areas to the south and east of the City centre and transfers sewage to Ardiya PS and on to Sulaibiya Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) 2. Riggae PS – Serves areas to the north and east of the city centre and also transfers to the Ardiya/Sulaibiya system 3. Egaila PS – Serves the south of the Kuwait Municipal Area and transfers sewage to the Riqqa STP. 4. Jahra PS – Serves the Jahra catchment and will transfer sewage to Kabd STP
FUTUER SEWAGE NETWORK NORTH
A7 JAHRA PUMP
Ardiya
Mishref
Sulaibiya KABED
WWTW
WWTW
MAIN PUMPING STATIOS (5)
Egaila
MAIN GRAVITY LINES 100 Km MAIN PRESSURE LINES
120 Km Um Hyman
Failaka STP
Jahra STP Sulaibiya STP Riqqa STP Umm Al Hayman STP
Al Khiran STP Al Wafra STP
Sewage Treatment Plants in Kuwait Riqqa STP
SulaibiyaSTP
Al Khiran STP
Umm Al Hayman STP
Jahra STP
KABD TREATMENT PLANT JAHRA PUMPING STATION
Riqqa STP (Tertiary) Treatment capacity 180,000 m3/day, currently receiving 220,000 m3/day. Under current Master Plan, sewage flows will be transferred to new Umm Al Hayman STP by 2015.
Umm Al Hayman STP (Tertiary) Current treatment capacity of 27,000 m3/day and treating 20,000 m3/day.
Under the current Master Plan this site will be expanded to treat up to 650,000 m 3/day.
Extensive Treated Sewage Effluent (TSE) network proposed for expanded works
Sulaibiya STP, Reverse Osmosis •
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Sulaibiya is the largest STP in the world that uses Reverse Osmosis (RO) technology as an advanced treatment for wastewater Treated wastewater produced is potable water quality standard and it treats 425,000 m3/day. The plant could be further expanded to treat a maximum of 600,000 m 3/day.
Sulaibiya STP(RO)
RO Plant: 42 x 72 x 7 = 21,168 elements
Quantity of Treated Wastewater, 2010
STP Site
Wastewater Received
TSE produced
RO Product Water produced
Wastewater converted to reusable product
m3/d
m3/d
m3/d
%
Sulaibiya
430,000
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340,000
80
Umm Al Hayman
20,000
20,000
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100
Riqqa
230,000
230,000
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100
Jahra
120,000
120,000
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100
300
300
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100
800,300
370,300
340,000
89
Al Khiran
TOTAL
Parameter
UNIT
PH
MEW Parameters of Drinking water
INFLOW
TERTIARY
R.O
Parameters of irrigation water
6.5- 8
6.5- 7.5
6-8
6.5 – 8
6.8 – 7.5
1500
515
Conductivity
µs/cm
1200- 3000
1100- 2200
T.S.S.
mg/L
100- 500
< 10
<1
15
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V.S.S.
mg/L
70- 350
< 7.0
<1
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_
C.O.D.
mg/L
250- 750
< 40
100
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B.O.D 5
mg/L
100- 400
< 10
<1
20
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Grease & Oil
mg/L
10- 50
NIL
< 0.05
5
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T.D.S.
mg/L
700- 1800
800- 1500
< 100
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400
Chloride
mg/L
200- 400
200- 400
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103
Ammonia
mg/L
15- 50
1- 5
<1
15
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Nitrite
mg/L
0.04- 0.7
0.1- 1.5
<1
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Total Count
colony/100mL
2.40E+09
1E+03
NIL
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NIL
T.Coli
colony/100mL
3.20E+08
400
NIL
400
NIL
F.Coli
colony/100mL
4.10E+07
0 - 10
NIL
20
NIL
Salmonella
colony/100mL
4.50E+06
NIL
NIL
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NIL
Streptococci
colony/100mL
1.40E+07
NIL
NIL
Quality of Treated Wastewater, 2010
NIL
WATER PARAMETERS
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Characteristics of treated wastewater used for Irrigation The quality of treated wastewater used for irrigation in agriculture and landscaping falls within the standard limits laid down by Kuwait EPA and Kuwait MPW. Sulaibiya recycling plant is designed to comply with Kuwait EPA standards, that are in line with other agricultural water reuse standards such as USEPA standard •
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Product Water contains zero bacteria count
Product water contains lower levels of organics, solids and ammonia than those required by potable water standards •
Reuse of Treated Wastewater •
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Treated wastewater (TSE) provides both moisture and nutrients for the growth of plants and other vegetation. Reuse of treated wastewater for irrigation and landscaping has proved to be an important and alternate source for irrigation and other uses in Kuwait. The volume of wastewater is estimated to be 70 to 80 % of the potable water consumption by the population. Treated wastewater is available to different standards in Kuwait; Tertiary & RO Product Water
Evolution of Wastewater Reuse
Water Reuse in Kuwait Solves two problems: •
Environmental Pollution
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Introduction of new strategic water source
Various Applications depending on treatment level Seeking new applications for reuse, Sewer Cleaning? Current Demand for TSE exceeds the available supply
Distribution of Treated Water •
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Due to the huge demand for treated wastewater in different areas in the State of Kuwait, it was necessary to construct extensive TSE distribution networks as shown in the following slides. The TSE network consists of DMC (Data Monitoring Centre), holding tanks of different sizes, pumping stations and long pipelines of various diameters. As a result of providing treated wastewater, a decrease in the demand for freshwater has been noticed. At the same time, the demand for the treated water increased to a point that demand at this moment is more than the available supply.
Abdally Farms N
40 MIGD
Kuwait Border
Um-al Ramam Lake
Bubiyan Island Failaka Island
Different Projects :
Ongoing Projects :
0.5 MIGD scientific club
Project A:
1.1 MIGD Hunting & Chivalry Club
Project B: 26 MIGD (B1&B2)
DM C
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20 MIGD: Z Farms 0.1 MIGD Omari & Rabiya Farm
8 MIGD
Future Projects :
1.5 MIGD Alshohada Farm
Project C: 16 MIGD
Kuwait Airport
1 MIGD Civil Aviation 2 MIGD West Fintas 3.6 MIGD Umm Al Hayman
Wafra Farms 40 MIGD
Project D: 25 MIGD
TSE Pipelines
TSE Pipelines
One TSE gravity DI pipeline (1100mm Dia) from Jahra STP to Reservoirs in DMC.
TSE Pipelines Four effluent GRP pipe lines (1400mm Dia) from Sulaibiya WWTP to Reservoirs in DMC.
Uses of Treated Wastewater •
Government of Kuwait is committed to make urban and suburban areas greener and to encourage Agricultural Projects such as:
Beautification all over Kuwait with Landscaping
Crops and Alfalfa Locations : ~ Al Wafra Farms (RO) - (Crops) ~ Al Abdally Farms (RO) - (Crops) ~ Al Mutahida (Tertiary) - Alfalfa ~ Al Rabya (Tertiary) ~ Artificial lagoons:
Um-Al Ramam Lake
Two Golf Courses, one built to International PGA Standards
Treated Wastewater Usage in Kuwait
Golf Courses
Golf course/Race track
Alfalfa Farms
Crops
Strategic Projects Currently Being Delivered •
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Agreement No. EF/S/121 Kuwait Sanitary Master Plan. This project will deliver a strategy for the development of Kuwait’s sanitary system until 2045. The Master Plan will incorporate strategy related to the development of sewers, pumping stations and sewage treatment plants, as well as the interaction with final effluent distribution and sludge management. Agreement No. EF/S/83 Rehabilitation and Improvement of Sewerage and Infrastructure in Jleeb Al-Shuyoukh, Phase XIII.
Strategic Projects currently being Tendered Agreement No. EF/S/87 for Rehabilitation and Improvement of Sewerage and Infrastructure in Al-Andalus, Gernata, Sabah AlNasser Areas, Phase XV
Financial Models for Future Projects Private Sector Involvement •
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State of Kuwait keen to include Private sector to deliver Mega Projects in the current 5-year Development Plan, 32 Projects identified Law No. 7 of 2008 provides for Project Implementation through Public Private Partnerships (PPP), will raise Capital and Boost Efficiency Partnerships Technical Bureau (PTB) established in 2008 under Decree No. 146 to deliver PPP projects in Kuwait Projects classified into 3 categories: Less than KD 60 million (US $ 215 million) Between KD 60-250 million (US $ 215-900 million) More than KD 250 million Current list of Mega Projects include: Kuwait Metro and Rail Roads Master Plan Expansion of Kuwait International Airport Development of Failaka Island Az Zour Independent Water and Power Production
Financial Models for Future Projects Private Sector Involvement •
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New Umm Al Hayman STP procured through PPP Ultimate capacity of new STP will be 650,000 m 3 /day Cost of new Umm Al Hayman STP and related works is about KD 450 million (US$ 1.6 Billion) Related Works includes comprehensive TSE Network Transaction Advisory Services being tendered now New STP and TSE Network will be operational by 2015
Summary •
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Water supplies are being put under increasing stress due to population, drought and per capita usage increase Traditional view is that water is an inexpensive and freely available product, this needs to be changed Current Kuwait Sanitary Master Plan project is identifying the strategy for expanding Kuwait’s wastewater network and treatment for the next 35 years Kuwait’s effluent reuse strategy involve TSE for beautification as well as RO product water for crop irrigation 85% of Kuwait’s wastewater is recycled into a reusable product. Current Demand exceeds Supply of TSE and RO product water Economic restrictions on development of new facilities means PPP is becoming a more attractive procurement method for delivering the new Kuwaiti wastewater development facilities
In Conclusion
The State of Kuwait currently Reuses all its treated wastewater Major new wastewater treatment plant is planned for Umm Al Hayman Umm Al Hayman STP includes an extensive TSE network in the south in order to ensure total Reuse of all TSE produced Private sector involvement in the delivery of Umm Al Hayman STP will be sought through PPP
