KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION
SUBMITTED BY NAMRAT NAMRATA KHURANA BBA LLB- A ROLL NO.28
Symbiosis Law School, NOIDA Symbiosis International Uniersity, PUN!
On 2, APRIL, 2012
Under the !"d#n$e %& '"(r#) S"nh *+%- #$!t/
Symbiosis Law School, Noi"a S)"%" Intern#t"%n# Un"er"t P!ne
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C!#TI$ICAT!
The 3r%4e$t t"ted KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION !)"tted t% the S)"%" L#5 S$h%%, NOIDA &%r IP+ *+r")"n# L#5/ # 3#rt %& "ntern# #e)ent " #ed %n ) %r""n# 5%r( $#rr"ed %!t !nder the !"d#n$e %& %IK#A& SING'( The ree#r$h 5%r( h# n%t een !)"tted ee5here &%r5#rd %& #n deree. The )#ter"# %rr%5ed &r%) %ther %!r$e #nd "n$%r3%r#ted "n the 3r%4e$t h# een d! A$(n%5eded. I !ndert#nd th#t I )e& 5%!d e hed re3%n"e #nd #$$%!nt#e &%r P#"#r").
S"n#t!re %& the $#nd"d#te
D#te6 2- 7- 2012
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ACKNO)L!DG!&!NT
It " # re#t 3e#!re &%r )e t% 3!t %n re$%rd %!r #33re$"#t"%n #nd r#t"t!de t%5#rd #nd '"(r#) S"nh &%r h" "))ene !33%rt #nd en$%!r#e)ent # thr%!h the 3re3#r#t"%n %& th" re3%rt. I 5%!d "(e t% th#n( the $%ee &%r 3r%"d"n ! 5"th # 5e-e!"33ed "r#r. L#t !t n%t the e#t, I 5%!d "(e t% th#n( # the &r"end #nd %ther 5h% d"re$t %r "nd"re$t he3ed ! "n $%)3et"n %!r 3r%4e$t re3%rt.
D#te-
29792012
P#$e- NOIDA
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IND!* 1. PART A KIDNAPPIN:.......................................................................................... ;, <,= 2. PART > B ABDU+TION............................................................................................... 8,? @. PART > + A::RA'ATED ORMS O KIDNAPPIN:...............................................10 t% 1= 7. PART > D SLA'ERY AND OR+ED LABOUR..............................................................1= ;. PART > E SALE OR PUR+HASE O MINORS OR IMMORAL PURPOSES...........18 <. PART > PROPOSAL OR REORM................................................................................1?, 20 =. BIBLIO:RAPHY.....................................................................................21
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PA#T + A KIDNAPPING AND ABDUCTION Se$t"%n > @;? K"dn#33"n - K"dn#33"n " %& t5% ("nd6 K"dn#33"n &r%) Ind"#, #nd ("dn#33"n &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3. Se$t"%n > @<0 > ("dn#33"n &r%) Ind"# > h%eer $%ne #n 3er%n e%nd the ")"t %& Ind"# 5"th%!t the $%ne %& th#t 3er%n, %r %& %)e 3er%n e# #!th%r"ed t% $%nent %n eh#& %& th#t 3er%n, " #"d t% ("dn#3 th#t 3er%n &%r) Ind"#. The IP+ re$%n"e t5% ("nd %& K"dn#33"n6 ("dn#33"n &r%) Ind"# #nd ("dn#33"n &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3. K"dn#33"n "n #n &%r) $!rt#" &r%) the "ert %& #n "nd""d!#. E3e$"#, "t ")3"ne the r"ht t% "&e !#r#nteed !nder #rt 21 %& the +%nt"t!t"%n %& Ind"# #nd h!)#n r"ht. It $#!e terr%r "n the )"nd %& the 3e%3e #nd h# deeter"%! e&&e$t %n $"""ed %$"et1.
K"dn#33"n &r%) Ind"#The 5%rd !ed "n the e$t"%n #re e%nd the ")"t %& Ind"#C. Th" )e#n th#t the %&&en$e !nder th" e$t"%n #re $%)3ete, the )%)ent # 3er%n " t#(en %!t"de the e%r#3h"$# terr"t%r %& Ind"#. It " n%t ne$e#r th#t the 3er%n h%!d re#$h the"r det"n#t"%n "n %)e %ther &%re"n terr"t%r. B the #)e t%(en, "& # 3er%n h%!d re#$h the"r det"n#t"%n "n %)e %ther &%re"n terr"t%r. B the #)e t%(en, "& # 3er%n " #33rehended e&%re he $r%e the Ind"#n %rder, then the %&&en$e 5" n%t e $%)3ete. At et, "t )# #)%!nt t% #n #tte)3t t% $%))"t the %&&en$e %& ("dn#33"n &%r) Ind"# !nder @<0, IP+. T" then, he h# # %$! 3#en"tent"#. The ter) Ind"#C h# een de&"ned "n 18, IP+, # the terr"t%r %& Ind"# e$!d"n the t#te %& #))! #nd K#h)"r. The t#("n #5# %& # 3er%n %!t"de the terr"t%r %& Ind"# " )#de # e3#r#te %&&en$e, e$#!e "t h# the e&&e$t %& re)%"n # 3er%n &r%) the 4!r"d"$t"%n %& the Ind"#n L#5 en&%r$"n #en$"e.
K"dn#33"n &r%) L#5&! :!#rd"#nh"3Se$t"%n - @<1. K"dn#33"n &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3 > h%eer t#(e %r ent"$e #n )"n%r !nder "teen e#r %& #e "& # )#e, %r !nder e"hteen e#r %& #e "& # &e)#e, %r #n 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd %!t %& the (ee3"n %& the #5&! !#rd"#n %& !$h )"n%r 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd, 5"th%!t the $%nent %& !$h !#rd"#n, " #"d t% ("dn#3 !$h )"n%r %r 3er%n &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3. E3#n#t"%n > The 5%rd #5&! !#rd"#nC "n th" e$t"%n "n$!de #n 3er%n #5&! entr!ted 5"th the $#re %r $!t%d %& !$h )"n%r %r %ther 3er%n. 1 T#r!n B%r# . St#te %& A#) *2002/ = S++ @?
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E$e3t"%n > Th" e$t"%n d%e n%t etend t% the #$t %& #n 3er%n 5h% "n %%d &#"th e"ee h")e& t% e the &#ther %& #n "e"t")#te $h"d, %r 5h% "n %%d &#"th e"ee h")e& t% e ent"ted t% the #5&! $!t%d %& !$h $h"d, !ne !$h #$t " $%))"tted &%r #n "))%r# %r !n#5&! 3!r3%e. Se$t"%n @<1 de# 5"th t#("n #5# %& )"n%r $h"dren &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3. It " e!"#ent t% 5h#t " ter)ed $h"d te#"nC "n En#nd. The %4e$t %& the e$t"%n " t% 3r%te$t )"n%r $h"dren #nd 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd &r%) e"n ed!$ed, h#r)ed %r %ther5"e e3%"ted %ther. It " t% #&&%rd 3r%te$t"%n #nd e$!r"t t% the 5#rd. It #% n#t!r# re$%n"e the r"ht %& the !#rd"#n t% $%ntr% #nd t#(e $h#re %& the"r 5#rd 5h% )# e )"n%r #nd9 %r 3e%3e %& !n%!nd )"nd.
T#("n #nd Ent"$"n A th#t " re!"re t% r"n #n #$t 5"th"n the 3!r"e5 %& th" e$t"%n, " t% t#(e %r ent"$eC # )"n%r %r # 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd &r%) the (ee3"n %& the #5&! !#rd"#n. T#("nC ")3"e ne"ther &%r$e n%r )"#33r%3r"#t"%n. The 5%rd )e#n t% %, t% e$%rtC. The $%nent %& the )"n%r $h"d " %& n% ree#n$e, e$#!e # )"n%r %r # 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd " n%t $%nent. B!t there )!t e %)e #$t"e 3#rt 3#ed the #$$!ed &%r t#("nC the )"n%r 2. S")3 3er)"tt"n %r #%5"n # )"n%r t% #$$%)3#n %ne 5" n%t #)%!nt t% #n %&&en$e. In S Varadarajan V. State of Madras 3 , # "r 5h% 5# %n the ere %& #tt#"n"n )#4%r"t, %!nt#r" e&t her &#ther h%!e, #rr#ned t% )eet the #$$!ed #t # $ert#"n 3#$e #nd 5ent t% the ! > re"tr#rC %&&"$e, 5here the #$$!ed #nd the "r re"tered #n #ree)ent t% )#rr. There 5# n% e"den$e 5h#t%eer th#t the #$$!ed h#d t#(en her %!t %& the #5&! !#rd"#nh"3 %& her 3#rent, # there 5# n% e"den$e 5h#t%eer th#t the #$$!ed h#d t#(enC her %!t %& the #5&! !#rd"#nh"3 %& her 3#rent, # there 5# n% #$t"e 3#rt 3#ed the #$$!ed t% 3er!#de her t% e#e the h%!e. It 5# hed th#t n% %&&en$e !nder th" e$t"%n 5# )#de %!t. In St#te %& H#r##n# '. R#4# R#)7, the 3r%e$!tr" 5# # %!n "r %& 17 e#r. She e$#)e &r"end 5"th # 3er%n $#ed #" N#r#"#n, #ed @2, 5h% 5# # &re!ent ""t%r. hen #" N#r#"#n 5# &%r"dden the 3r%e$!tr" &#ther &r%) $%)"n h%)e, he ent )e#e thr%!h %ne R#4# R#). She 5# $%nt#nt 3er!#ded t% e#e the h%!e #nd $%)e 5"th #" N#r#"#n, 5h% 5%!d (ee3 her "n # %t )#ter"# $%)&%rt. One n"ht, the 3r%e$!tr" #rr#ned t% )eet #" N#r#"#n "n h" h%!e #nd 5ent t% )eet #" N#r#"n "n h" h%!e #nd 5ent t% )eet h") 2 St#te . R#4##n *1??
3 AIR 1?<; S+ ?72, *1?<;/ 2 +rL @@ *S+/F #% ee L#t# Pr%#d. St#te %& M#dh# Pr#deh AIR 1?=? S+ 12=
4 AIR1?=@ S+81?, 1?=@+rL <;1 *S+/
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5here he 5# ed!$ed #" N#r#"n. #" N#r#"n 5# $%n"$ted !nder @=< &%r r#3e %& )"n%r #nd R#4# R#) !nder @<<. The !et"%n e&%re the !3re)e $%!rt 5# 5hether R#4# R#) $%!d #"d t% h#e t#(enthe 3r%e$!tr", "n$e he 5# 5""n %n the 3#rt %& the )"n%r t% e t#(en %!t %& the (ee3"n %& the #5&! !#rd"#n, 5%!d e !&&"$"ent t% #ttr#$t the e$t"%n. The 5%rd ent"$eC $%nn%te the "de# %& "nd!$e)ent %& 3!r!#n$e %&&er %& 3e#!re %r %)e %ther &%r) %& #!re)ent. Th" )# 5%r( "))ed"#te %r t )# $re#te $%nt"n!%! #nd r#d!# !t ")3er$e3t"e ")3re"%n $!)"n#t"n #&ter %)e t")e "n #$h"e"n "t !t")#te 3!r3%e %& !$$e&! "nd!$e)ent.;
Kee3"n %& L#5&! :!#rd"#n Se$t"%n @<1 )#(e the t#("n %r ent"$"n %& #n )"n%r 3er%n %r 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd %!t %& the (ee3"n %& the #5&! !#rd"#nC #n %&&en$e. The )e#n"n %& the 5%rd (ee3"n %& the #5&! !#rd"#nC $#)e !3 &%r $%n"der#t"%n e&%re the S!3re)e +%!rt "n the St#te %& Harayana v. Raja Ram. 6 The $%!rt %ered th#t the 5%rd (ee3"nC, "n the $%ntet, $#nn%te the "de# %& $h#re, 3r%te$t"%n, )#"nten#n$e #nd $%ntr%. The $%!rt $%)3#red "t 5"th the #n!#e !ed "n En"h St#t!e, 5here the e3re"%n !ed 5# t#(en %!t %& the 3%e"%nC #nd n%t %!t %& the (ee3"nC. The d"&&eren$e "n the #n!#e et5een En"h t#t!e #nd th" e$t"%n %n %e t% h%5 th#t @<1 5# de"ned t% 3r%te$t the $#red r"ht %& the !#rd"#n 5"th re3e$t %& the"r )"n%r 5#rd. The ter) !ed "n the t#t!e " #5&! !#rd"#nC #nd n%t e# !#rd"#nC. The ter) #5&! !#rd"#n " # )!$h 5"der #nd ener# ter) th#n the e3re"%n e# !#rd"#nC 5%!d e 3#rent %r !#rd"#n #33%"nted $%!rt. L#5&! !#rd"#nC 5%!d "n$!de 5"th"n "t )e#n"n n%t %n e# !#rd"#n !t #% !$h 3er%n "(e # te#$her, re#t"e et$, 5h% #re #5&! entr!ted 5"th the $#re #nd $!t%d %& )"n%r .=
Ae %& M"n%r A 3er the e$t"%n the #e %& )"n%r $h"d #t the ree#nt 3%"nt "n the t")e h%!d e e th#n 1< "n re3e$t %& # )#e, #nd e th#n 18 "n re3e$t %& # &e)#e, "n %rder t% $%nt"t!te #n %&&en$e !nder th" e$t"%n.
PUNISHMENT OR KIDNAPPIN: -
5 Th#(%r# D '#d#)# . t#te %& :!4#r#t AIR 1?=@ S+ 2@1@, *1?=@/ +rL 1;71 *S+/ 6 AIR 1973 SC 819 CrLJ 651 (SC) 7 State v. Harban Sing !i"an "ing AIR 1954 #$% 339& !e"ar v. '%er$r Air 1919 Pat 27
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Se$t"%n > @<@. P!n"h)ent &%r ("dn#33"n > 5h%eer ("dn#3 #n 3er%n &r%) Ind"# %r &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h 5h"$h )# etend t% een e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. In Chandrakala v. Vipin menon, 8 the !3re)e $%!rt de$"ned t% $%n"$t the &#ther, 5h% 5# #$$!ed %& ("dn#33"n h" )"n%r d#!hter 5h% 5# ""n 5"th her )#tern# r#nd &#ther d!e t% tr#"ned re#t"%nh"3 et5een her 3#rent, %n the r%!nd th#t the #$$!ed 5# the n#t!r# !#rd"#n %& the $h"d.
PA#T + B ABDUCTION Se$t"%n > @<2 Ad!$t"%n > 5h%eer &%r$e $%)3e, %r #n de$e"t&! )e#n "n$!de, #n 3er%n t% % &r%) #n 3#$e, " #"d t% #d!$t th#t 3er%n. Se$t"%n @<2 )ere de&"ne the ter) #d!$t"%nC. There&%re, #d!$t"%n 3ere " n%t %&&en$e !nder the IP+. It " #n %&&en$e 5hen "t " #$$%)3#n"ed $ert#"n "ntent t% $%))"t #n%ther %&&en$e. %r$e %r &r#!d " eent"# t% )#(e #d!$t"%n 3!n"h#e.
Inred"ent The eent"# "nred"ent %& th" e$t"%n #re6 *#/ %r$"e $%)3!"%n %r "nd!$e)ent de$e"t&! )e#nF */ The %4e$t %& !$h $%)3!"%n %r "nd!$e)ent )!t e the %"n %& # 3er%n &r%) #n 3#$e. It )!t e n%ted th#t #d!$t"%n 3er e # de&"ned !nder @<2 " n%t #n %&&en$e, ?#nd hen$e " n%t 3!n"h#e.10 On "& the #d!$t"%n &# "n the $#te%r"e 3r%"ded !nder @<7, @<;, @<<, @<= #nd @
M!rder * @<7/F Se$ret #nd 5r%n&! $%n&"n"n # 3er%n * @<;/F Ind!$ed 5%)#n t% $%)3e her )#rr"#e * @<
By or!e 8 (1993) 2 SCC 6 9 i"*anat v. State $+ ,ttar Pra-e" AIR 196 SC 67/ (196) CrLJ 154 (SC) 1 C$te La0 v. State $+ Haraana AIR 1979 SC 1494/ (1979) CrLJ 1129 (SC)
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The ter) &%r$eC # e)%d"ed "n @<2, IP+, )e#n the !e %& #$t!# &%r$e #nd n%t )ere h%5 %& &%r$e %r thre#t %& &%r$e. 11 here #n #$$!ed thre#tened the 3r%e$!tr" 5"th 3"t% t% )#(e her % 5"th h"), "t 5%!d #)%!nt t% #d!$t"%n !nder th" e$t"%n .12
"e!eitf#l Means Under th" e$t"%n, "n$!d"n # 3er%n de$e"t&! )e#n t% % &r%) #n 3#$e " #% #n %&&en$e. De$e"t&! )e#n " !ed # #n #tern#t"e t% !eC %& &%r$eC. Th!, # 3er%n $#n !e &%r$e t% $%)3e, %r "n the #tern#t"e de$e"e # 3er%n t% e#e # 3#$e. E"ther 5#, "t #)%!nt t%. De$e"t&! )e#n )"e#d"n # 3er%n )#("n &#e re3reent#t"%n #nd there 3er!#d"n the 3er%n t% e#e #n 3#$e.
$o %o from any pla!e An eent"# ee)ent %& #d!$t"%n " $%)3e"n %r "nd!$"n # 3er%n t% % &r%) # 3#$e. It need n%t e %n &r%) the $!t%d #5&! !#rd"#n # "n the $#e %& ("dn#33"n. %r !n"(e ("dn#33"n, #d!$t"%n " $%nt"n!"n %&&en$e. The %&&en$e %& ("dn#33"n " $%)3ete, the )%)ent # 3er%n " re)%ed &r%) Ind"# %r &r%) the (ee3"n %& #5&! $!t%d %& !#rd"#n. B!t, "n the $#e %& #d!$t"%n, # 3er%n " #d!$ted n%t %n 5hen " &"rt t#(en #5# &r%) #n 3#$e, !t #% 5hen he " !e!ent re)%e &r%) %ne 3#$e t% #n%ther. A ("dn#33ed "r )#n#ed t% e$#3e &r%) the ("dn#33er 5hen he )et the #$$!ed, 5h% )"re3reented t% her th#t he 5# # 3%"$e $%nt#e #nd 5%!d t#(e her t% the 3%"$e t#t"%n. B!t "nte#d, he t%%( her t% h" h%!e, (e3t her there, de)#nded #nd t%%( # r#n%) %& R. <00 &r%) her )%ther, e&%re he h#nded her #$(. I 5# hed th#t h" #$t #)%!nted t% #d!$t"%n. 1@ here # 5%)#n " 3#ed &r%) h#nd t% h#nd "n eer# 3#$e, e#$h %& the 3er%n 5" e !"t %& %&&en$e %& #d!$t"%n.17
Distinction between i"na--in. an" Ab"/ction + 11 See Hari Sing $r ena0 La* $+ In-ia/ v$0 3/ 11 e-n/ La* Pb0i"er"/ A00aaba- 1998/ P 248 12 raran Sing v. State $+ Haraana AIR 1972 SC 2661/ (1973) CrLJ 179 (SC).
13 #a-r A0i v. !ing '%er$r AIR 1923 La 158 14 AIR 1929 La 713
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Ki"na--in.
Ab"/ction
K"dn#33"n &r%) !#rd"#nh"3 " $%))"tted %n "n re3e$t %& # )"n%r %r # 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd. Per%n ("dn#33ed " re)%ed %!t %& #5&! !#rd"#nh"3. T#(en #5# %r ent"$ed t% % #5# 5"th the ("dn#33er. The )e#n !ed #re "rree#nt. +%nent %& the 3er%n ("dn#33ed " "))#ter"#. Intent %& the ("dn#33er " "rree#nt.
Ad!$t"%n )# e "n re3e$t %& #n 3er%n.
N% !$h th"n ne$e#r. It h# re&eren$e e$!"e t% the 3er%n #d!$ted. %r$e, $%)3!"%n #nd de$e"t&! )e#n #re !ed. +%nent %& the 3er%n $%nd%ne the %&&en$e.
Intent %& the #d!$t%r " #-")3%rt#nt &#$t%r. N%t # $%nt"n!"n %&&en$e. It " $%)3ete # It " $%nt"n!"n %&&en$e. It $%nt"n!e % %n # %%n # the )"n%r %r 3er%n %& !n%!nd )"nd the #d!$ted 3er%n " re)%ed &r%) %ne " re)%ed &r%) #5&! !#rd"#nh"3. 3#$e t% #n%ther. K"dn#33"n %!t"de Ind"#. Ad!$t"%n )# e #n5here 5"th"n %r 5"th%!t.
PA#T + C AGG#A%AT!D $O#&S O$ KIDNAPPING
KIDNAPPIN: O MAIMIN: OR BE::IN: Se$t"%n @<@A. K"dn#33"n %r )#")"n # )"n%r &%r 3!r3%e %& e"n. > *1/ h%eer ("dn#3 #n )"n%r %r, n%t e"n the #5&! !#rd"#n %& # )"n%r, %t#"n the $!t%d %& the )"n%r, "n %rder th#n !$h )"n%r )# e e)3%ed %r !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& e"n h# e 3!n"h#e 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% ten e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. *2/ h%eer )#") #n )"n%r "n %rder th#t !$h )"n%r )# e e)3%ed %r !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& e"n h# e 3!n"h#e 5"th ")3r"%n)ent &%r "&e, #nd h# #% e "#e &%r &"ne *@/ here #n 3er%n n%t e"n the #5&! !#rd"#n %& # )"n%r, e)3% %r !e !$h )"n%r &%r the 3!r3%e %& e"n, "t h# e 3re!)ed !ne the $%ntr#r " 3r%ed, th#t he ("dn#33ed %r %ther5"e %t#"ned the $!t%d %& th#t )"n%r "n %rder th#t the )"n%r )"ht e e)3%ed %r !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& e"n. *7/ In th" e$t"%n,*#/ Be"n )e#n *"/
*""/
S%"$"t"n %r re$e""n #) "n # 3!"$ 3#$e, 5hether !nder the 3reten$e %& "n"n, d#n$"n, &%rt!ne- te"n, 3er&%r)"n tr"$( %r e"n #rt"$e %r %ther5"e. Enter"n %n #n 3r"#te 3re)"e &%r the 3!r3%e %& %"$"t"n %r re$e""n #")F
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*"""/
*"/
E3%"n %r eh""t"n, 5"th the %4e$t %& %t#"n"n %r et%rt"n #), #n %re, 5%!nd, "n4!r, de&%r)"n %r d"e#e, 5hether %& h")e& %r %& #n %ther 3er%n %r %& #n #n")#F U"n # )"n%r # #n eh""t &%r the 3!r3%e %& %"$"t"n %r re$e""n #)F
*/ )"n%rC )e#n > *"/ *""/
In the $#e %& # )#e, # 3er%n !nder "teen e#r %& #eF #nd In the $#e %& # &e)#e, # 3er%n !nder e"hteen e#r %& #e.
Th" e$t"%n 5# "ntr%d!$ed "n the e#r 1?;?. It 5# "nerted t% $%nert the r%5"n %& %r#n"ed e"nC 5here"n !n$r!3!%! 3er%n 5ere #d!$t"n $h"dren #nd )#")"n the) &%r the 3!r3%e %& e"n. The ter) e"nC " de&"ned "n $ *7/ %& th" e$t"%n. +#!e *@/ %& th" e$t"%n "ntr%d!$e the 3re!)3t"%n th#t "& # 3er%n %ther th#n the #5&! !#rd"#n !e %r e)3% # )"n%r &%r e"n, then !ne the $%ntr#r " 3r%ed, "t 5" e 3re!)ed th#t he ("dn#33ed the $h"d.
ABDU+TION TO MURDER Se$t"%n @<7. K"dn#33"n %r #d!$t"%n "n %rder t% )!rder6 - h%eer ("dn#3 %r #d!$t #n 3er%n "n %rder th#t !$h 3er%n )# e )!rdered %r )# e % d"3%ed %& # t% e 3!t "n d#ner %& e"n )!rdered, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% ten e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. I!tr#t"%n *#/ A ("dn#3 &r%) Ind"#, "ntend"n %r (n%5ede "t t% e "(e th#t )# e #$r"&"$ed t% #n "d%. A h# $%))"tted the %&&en$e de&"ned "n th" e$t"%n. */ A &%r$" $#rr"e %r ent"$e B #5# &r%) h" h%)e "n %rder th#t B )# e )!rdered. A h# $%))"tted the %&&en$e de&"ned "n th" e$t"%n. Th" e$t"%n 5" #33 "& 3er%n h# een #d!$ted 5"th "ntent"%n th#t he e )!rdered. 1; The #$t!# )!rder %& the 3er%n " n%t re!"red. It " !&&"$"ent th#t there 5# #d!$t"%n 5"th the "ntent t% )!rder.1<
KIDNAPPIN: OR RANSOM @<7A K"dn#33"n &%r r#n%), et$.- h%eer ("dn#3 %r #d!$t #n 3er%n %r (ee3 # 3er%n "n detent"%n #&ter !$h ("dn#33"n %r #d!$t"%n, #nd thre#ten t% $#!e de#th %r h!rt t% !$h 3er%n, %r h" $%nd!$t "e r"e t% # re#%n#e #33rehen"%n th#t !$h 3er%n )# e 3!t t% de#th %r h!rt, %r $#!e h!rt %r de#th t% !$h 3er%n "n %rder t% 15 ,en-ra at v. '%er$r AIR 194 Ca0 561& Para" at ani iati v. State (2) CrLJ 3882 (A00)& Sba" Can-ra Pan-a v. State (21) CrLJ 418 (ri). 16 State $+ *e"t #enga0 v. ir $%a- %ar AIR 2 SC 2998/ (2) 8 SCC 382.
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$%)3e the %ern)ent %r #n &%re"n t#te %r "nter > %ern)ent# %r#n"#t"%n %r #n %ther 3er%n t% d% %r #t#"n &r%) d%"n #n #$t %r t% 3# # r#n%), h# e 3!n"h#e 5"th de#th, %r ")3r"%n)ent &%r "&e, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. Se$t"%n @<7 > A 5# "nerted $r")"n# #5 *A)end)ent/ A$t 1??@ #nd &!rther #)ended the Ind"#n Pen# +%de *A)end)ent/ A$t 1??;J t% 3r%"de &%r eere 3!n"h)ent &%r #d!$t"n %r ("dn#33"n # 3er%n #nd (ee3"n h") $%nt"n!%! !nder detent"%n #nd thre#ten"n h") t% $#!e de#th %r h!rt %r $re#t"n # re#%n#e #33rehen"%n th#t he )# e 3!t t% de#th %r h!rt t% $%)3e the %ern)ent %r &%re"n t#te %r "ntern#t"%n# "nter > %ern)ent# %r#n"#t"%n %r #n %ther 3er%n re&r#"n &r%) d%"n #n #$t %r t% 3# # r#n%) # de)#nded ("dn#33er %r #d!$t%r. In Netr# P# . St#te *N#t"%n# $#3"t# Terr"t%r %& Deh"/, 1= the Deh" H"h +%!rt, "n et %& 3e$!"#r &#$t, deed "nt% %)e (e 5%rd #nd #)"t %& @<7A %& the IP+. The r#"d"n 3#rt re$%ered &r%) the #$$!ed the ("dn#33ed $h"d #nd # etter de)#nd"n r#n%). He h#d ne"ther 3%ted the etter n%r 3er%n# $%ntr#$ted the &#)" %& the $h"d &%r three d# #&ter ("dn#33"n t" he 5# #rreted. The h"h $%!rt hed th#t )ere "ntent"%n t% de)#nd " tr#n#ted "nt% #$t"%n %& the #$$!ed $%))!n"$#t"n h" de)#nd t% the 3er%n $%n$erned. Une the 3r"$e %& retr"e# %r re$!e " )#de, the !et"%n t% 3# r#n%) d%e n%t #r"e # the 5%rd t% 3#C 5#rr#nt ett"n the de)#nd &%r 3#)ent "n )%t"%n. The $%!rt, there&%re, de$"ned t% $%n"$t the #$$!ed &%r ("dn#33"n &%r r#n%) # he, (ee3"n h" etter %& de)#nd 5"th h") %n, d"d n%t $%ne h" de)#nd &%r r#n%) t% ree#e the $h"d.
KIDNAPPIN: OR ABDU+TION ITH INTENT TO SE+RET AND RON:UL +ONINEMENT Se$t"%n @<;. ("dn#33"n %r #d!$t"n 5"th "ntent t% $#!e th#t 3er%n t% e e$ret #nd 5r%n&! $%n&"ne 3er%n > h%eer ("dn#3 %r #d!$t #n 3er%n t% e e$ret #nd 5r%n&! $%n&"ned, h# e 3!n"h#e 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etent t% een e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e &%r &"ne. Se$t"%n @<; $%)e "nt% 3# 5hen # 3er%n ("dn#3 %r #d!$t #n%ther 5"th "ntent"%n t% e$ret #nd 5r%n&! $%n&"ne h"). 18 S!$h #n "ntent"%n %& the ("dn#33er %r #d!$t%r h# t% e 4!ded &r%) the &#$t #nd $"r$!)t#n$e %& the $#e #t h#nd .1?
17 (21) CrLJ 1669 (e0). 18 A:bar A0i '%er$r AIR 1925 La 614& R$"an v. State $+ ,ttar Pra-e" AIR 1954 A00 51. 19 State $+ ,ttar Pra-e" v. 0ai; Sing (1986) CrLJ 584 (A00)& Ra
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KIDNAPPIN: OR ABDU+TIN: A OMAN TO +OMPEL HER MARRIA:E, ET+ Se$t"%n @<<. K"dn#33"n, #d!$t"n %r "nd!$"n 5%)en t% $%)3e her )#rr"#e, et$.> h%eer ("dn#3 %r #d!$t #n 5%)en 5"th "ntent th#t he )# e $%)3eed, t% e "(e th#t he 5" e $%)3eed, t% )#rr #n 3er%n ##"nt her 5", %r "n %rder th#t he )# e &%r$ed %r ed!$ed t% ""$"t "nter$%!re, %r (n%5ede "t t% e "(e th#t he 5" e &%r$ed %r ed!$ed t% ""$"t "nter$%!re, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% ten e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"neF #nd 5h%eer, )e#n %& $r")"n# "nt")"d#t"%n # de&"ned "n th" $%de %r %& #!e %& #!th%r"t %r #n %ther )eth%d %& $%)3!"%n, "nd!$e #n 5%)en t% % &r%) #n 3#$e 5"th #n "ntend th#t he )# e, %r (n%5"n th#t "t " "(e th#t he 5" e, &%r$ed %r ed!$ed t% ""$"t "nter$%!re 5"th #n%ther 3er%n h# #% e 3!n"h#e # #&%re#"d. Mere #d!$t"%n d%e n%t 5#rr#nt @<<. It $%)e "nt% %3er#t"%n %n 5hen the ("dn#33er %r #d!$t%r #d!$t her &%r the 3!r3%e )ent"%ned there"n. 20 Een !e!ent "ntent %r #$t %& "nter$%!re 5"th ("dn#33ed %r #d!$ted "r $ #nn%t r"n "n the $#e 5"th"n the 3re"e5 %& @<<, "& !$h #n "ntent 5# #ent #t the t")e 5hen the #$$!ed ent"$ed the "r. 21 Ad!$t"%nC !nder th" e$t"%n e$%)e 3!n"h#e "& the "$t") h#d een $#rr"ed %& "e# &%r$eC %r de$e3t"%nC &r%) %ne 3#$e t% #n%ther 3#$e. 22 Th" e$t"%n " n%t d"re$ted ##"nt ed!$t"%n !nder $%er$"%n %r !nder $"r$!)t#n$e 5hen he " ent"re "n the 3%5er %& the ed!$er #nd 5hen her $%nent 5%!d e n%th"n )%re th#n # )ere !)""%n t% the 5" %& the ed!$er. Ad!$t"%n &%r &%r$"e e!# "nter$%!re %r &%r$"e )#rr"#e, %r ed!$t"%n &%r ""$"t "nter$%!re #re the )#"n "nred"ent %& th" e$t"%n. The een$e %& $r")e " $%)3!"%n.2@ Sed!$t"%n "n th" e$t"%n )e#n n%t )ere "nd!$e)ent t% !)"t t% e!# "nter$%!re &%r the &"rt t")e, !t "nd!$e !e!ent ""$"t e!# "nter$%!re # 5e. 27 H%5eer, "n the $#e %& # 5%)#n 5h% h#"t!# $#rr"e %n the 3r%&e"%n %& # 3r%t"t!te, the eent"#
2 C$te0a0 v. State $+ Haraana AIR 1979 SC 1497 (1979) CrLJ 1126 (SC)& ,en-ra #arai: v. State $+ #iar (21) CrLJ 286 (Par)& ar:e"*ar Sa v. State $+ #iar ($* Jar:an-) (26) 8 9SCC 56. 21 a0an- v. State $+ ,ttar Pra-e" 22 Ra
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ee)ent %& ed!$t"%n #re r!ed %!t #nd hen$e the %&&en$e !nder @<< $#nn%t e $%))"tted "n $%nne$t"%n 5"th !$h # 5%)en. 2;
M"n%rC +%nent t% )#rr her ("dn#33er > I t #"d There " # $%n&"$t %& %3"n"%n et5een the #r"%! h"h $%!rt "n Ind"# %n the !et"%n 5hether the $%nent "en )"n%r "r t% her )#rr"#e 5"th the 3er%n 5h% ("dn#3 her " #"d %r n%t. The +#$!tt# H"h +%!rt "n #l!hand v. &mperor ,'6 #nd the O!dh +h"e& +%!rt "n Bisnath (rasad v. )in% &mperor ,2= h#e t#(en the "e5 th#t the 3hr#e ##"nt her 5"C "n @<< )e#n %n the )"n%rC %5n 5" #nd n%t the 5" %& #5&! !#rd"#n, 5here# the A#h##d H"h +%!rt "n Bh#5#t" Pr##d . E)3er%r,28 #nd S!t#n . E)3er%r ,2? #nd B%)# H"h +%!rt "n E)3er%r . A!(h#n M"r S!t#n, @0 h#e hed th#t the )"n%rC $%nent #t #, een &%r the 3!r3%e %& th" e$t"%n, #nd th#t #n %&&en$e !nder th" e$t"%n 5" "e "n !$h $"r$!)t#n$e. The M#dr# H"h +%!rt h# #reed 5"th the "e5 %& B%)# H"h +%!rt #nd %& the A#h##d H"h +%!rt, th%!h "t h# n%t e3re de$"ded the 3%"nt. @1 The 3r"n$"3e "n the #%e #e 5# #&&"r)ed the S!3re)e +%!rt "n "t de$""%n "n $hakoral " Vad%ama v. State of *#jarat, 3'5here # r"$h "nd!tr"#"t h# "nd!$ed # )"n%r "r %& 1< t% e#e her h%)e #nd t% $%)e t% h" #r#e t% h#e ""$"t "nter$%!re 5"th h"). In th" $#e, the S!3re)e +%!rt #&&"r)ed the $%n"$t"%n !nder @<<, IP+, 3#ed the tr"# $%!rt #nd the :!4#r#t H"h +%!rt. The #$$!ed $#)e "nt% $%ntr#$t 5"th the &#)" %& the "rC &#ther, hed %!t h%3e %& #33%"nt"n h") # the )#n#er %& # ne5 &#$t%r, 5h"$h he 5# %"n t% t#rt #t M%!nt A! #nd Ah)ed##d #nd t#ed "n " h%te 3end"n #"h. He #% 3reented M%h"n", the $%n$erned "r, 5"th # 3#r(er 3en. "th"n # &e5 d#, there#&ter, he 3!r$h#ed 5# %& "&t &%r M%h"n", ("rt, "er 5#"t #nd et$. He 5# #$t!# &%!nd %n )%h"n" ed her )%ther #t M%!nt A! #nd h" $%nne$t"%n 5"th 25 Ra%e" v. State $+ aara"tra AIR 1962 SC 198 (1963) 1 CrLJ 16 (SC 26 AIR 1932 Ca0 442. 27 (1946) 48 CrLJ 542 (-). 28 AIR 1929 A00 79. 29 AIR 193 A00 19. 3 (1943) 46 #$% LR 23. 31 i"trit agi"trate $+ Citt$$r v. Sbana AIR 1952 a- 257. 32 (1973) 2 SCC 413.
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M%h"n" 5# !3e$ted, #nd "n 3"te %& the )%therC r#e 3r%tet he 5# "n $%rre3%nden$e 5"th her 5"th%!t the (n%5ede %& her 3#rent. M%h"n" 5# # $h%%"r %& "))#t!re !ndert#nd"n h#"n entered her "teenth e#r e th#n # )%nth e&%re the "n$"dent, #nd %!t %& e)%t"%n, he 5r%te etter t% the #$$!ed e#er#t"n "n$"dent, #nd %!t %& e)%t"%n, he 5r%te etter t% the #$$!ed e#er#t"n "n$"dent %& re!(e #nd e#t"n her )%ther. The #$$!ed t%%( #d#nt#e %& her "))#t!re &ee"n #nd "nd!$ed her t% $%)e t% h" h%!e %n #n #33%"nted d#. She $#)e, #nd 5# t#(en t% h" #r#e #nd then he 5# "nd!$ed t% % t% the 3!"$ r%#d the #$$!ed 5hen the 3%"$e 3#rt $#)e 5"th her &#ther. The #$$!ed &#e den"ed her 3reen$e "n the h%!e !t %)e %& her $%the, her $h%% eer$"e %%(, et$, 5ere t#(en &%r) the #r#e, 5here he h#d een #(ed t% re)#"n the #$$!ed. The #$$!ed 5# "en # en"ent enten$e %& %n r"%r%! ")3r"%n)ent &%r 18 )%nth. The S!3re)e +%!rt re)#r(ed th#t M%h"n"C )%therC d"n"&"ed 3r%tet etter t% the #$$!ed "nd"$#ted h%5 the )%ther %& the "r e%n"n t% # t% # $%)3#r#t"e 3%%rer &#)" &et, 5hen $%n&r%nted 5"th # r"$h )#nC d"h%n%!r#e eh#"%!r t%5#rd her %!n ")3re"%n#e, "))#t!re d#!hter, 5h% 5# !eted t% render &"n#n$"# he3 t% her h!#nd "n t")e %& need. The S!3re)e +%!rt d"t"n!"hed "t e#r"er r!"n "n '#r#d#r#4#nC@@ $#e #nd 3%"nted %!t the )e#n"n %& e3re"%n 5h%eer t#(e %r ent"$e #n )"n%rC th!6 The 5%rd t#(eC d%e n%t ne$e#r" $%nn%te t#("n &%r$e # nd "t " n%t $%n&"ned t% the !e %& &%r$e, #$t!# %r $%ntr!$t"e. Thee 5%rd )ere )e#n t% $#!e t% %, t% e$%rtC %r t% et "nt% 3%e"%nC. N% d%!t, "t d%e )e#n 3h"$# t#("n, !t, !t n%t ne$e#r" !e %& d%!t, "t d%e )e#n 3h"$# t#("n, !t n%t ne$e#r" !e %& &%r$e %r &r#!d. The 5%rd ent"$eC ee) t% "n%e the "de# %& "nd!$e)ent %r #!re)ent ""n r"e t% h%3e %r de"re %n the %ther. Th" $#n t#(e )#n &%r), d"&&"$!t t% "!#"e #nd de$r"e eh#!t"e, %)e %& the) )# e !"et !te, de3end"n &%r the"r !$$e %n the )ent# t#te %& the 3er%n #t the t")e 5hen the "nd!$e)ent " "ntended t% %3er#te. Th" )# 5%r( "))ed"#te %r "t )# 5%r( r#d!# !t ")3er$e3t"e ")3re"%n $!)"n#t"n #&ter %)e t")e, "n #$h"e"n "t !t")#te 3!r3%e %r !$$e&! "nd!$e)ent. The t5% 5%rd t#(e #nd ent"$eC #re "ntended t% e re#d t%ether, % th#t e#$h t#(e t% %)e etent "t $%%!r #nd $%ntent &r%) the %ther. The t#t!t%r #n!#e !et th#t "& the )"n%r e#e her e#e her 3#rent# h%)e $%)3ete !n"n&!en$ed #n 3r%)"e, %&&er %& "nd!$e)ent e)#n#t"n &r%) the !"t 3#rt, then the #tter $#nn%t e $%n"dered t% h#e $%))"tted %&&en$e # de&"ned "n e$t"%n @<1, IP+. B!t "& the !"t 3#rt h# #"d # &%!nd#t"%n "nd!$e)ent, #!re)ent %r thre#t, et$, #nd "& th" #"n $#n e $%n"dered t% h#e "n&!en$ed, the )"n%r %r 5e"hed 5"th her "n e#"n her !#rd"#nC $!t%d %r (ee3"n #nd %"n t% the !"t 3#rt, then 3r")# &#$"e "t 5%!d e d"&&"$!t &%r h") t% 3e#d "nn%$en$e %n the r%!nd th#t the )"n%r h#d %!nt#r" $%)e t% h").
33 S ara-ara
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PRO+URATION O MINOR :IRL Se$t"%n @<
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Se$t"%n @<<-B )#(e "t #n %&&en$e t% ")3%rt # "r !nder the 3e$"&"ed #e &r%) #n &%re"n $%!ntr %r the t#te %& #))! K#h)"r 5"th "ntent %r (n%5ede th#t he 5%!d e &%r$ed %r ed!$ed t% ""$"t "nter$%!re 5"th #n%ther 3er%n. @8
KIDNAPPIN: OR ABDU+TIN: TO SUBE+T PERSON TO :RIE'OUS HURT Se$t"%n @<=. h%eer ("dn#3 %r #d!$t #n 3er%n "n %rder th#t !$h 3er%n )# e !4e$ted, %r )# e % d"3%ed %& # t% e 3!t "n d#ner %& e"n !4e$t t% r"e%! h!rt, %r #er, %r t% !nn#t!r# !t %& #n 3er%n, %r (n%5"n "t t% e "(e th#t !$h 3er%n 5" e % !4e$ted %r d"3%ed %&, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% ten e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. In Dh#rh#n S"nh . St#te %& P!n4#, @? the S!3re)e +%!rt $%n"$ted the #$$!ed !nder @<= &%r #d!$t"%n the "$t") #nd )er$"e e#t"n h").
RON:ULLY +ON+EALIN: OR KEEPIN: IN +ONINEMENT KIDNAPPED OR ABDU+TED PERSON. > Se$t"%n @<8.r%n&! $%n$e#"n %r (ee3"n "n $%n&"ne)ent, ("dn#33ed %r #d!$ted 3er%n- h%eer, (n%5"n th#t #n 3er%n h# een ("dn#33ed %r h# een #d!$ted, 5r%n&! $%n$e# %r $%n&"ne !$h 3er%n, h# e 3!n"hed "n the #)e )#nner # "& he h#d ("dn#33ed %r #d!$ted !$h 3er%n 5"th the #)e "ntent"%n %r (n%5ede, %r &%r the #)e 3!r3%e # th#t 5"th %r &%r 5h"$h he $%n$e# %r det#"n !$h 3er%n "n $%n&"ne)ent. Se$t"%n @<8 d%e n%t #33 t% the 3er3etr#t%r %& the %&&en$e %& ("dn#33"n %r #d!$t"%n !t t% h" #$$%)3"$e 5h% (n%5"n $%n$e# the ("dn#33"n %r #d!$ted 3er%n. 70 T% $%nt"t!te #n %&&en$e !nder @<8 %& the IP+, "t " ne$e#r th#t the 3r%e$!t"%n )!t et#"h the &%%5"n "nred"ent6 *1/ The 3er%n "n !et"%n h# een ("dn#33ed %r #d!$tedF *2/ The #$$!ed (ne5 th#t the #"d 3er%n h# een ("dn#33ed %r #d!$tedF #nd *@/ The #$$!ed h#"n !$h (n%5ede 5r%n&! $%n$e# %r $%n&"ne the 3er%n $%n$erned. S% &#r # the e$%nd "nred"ent " $%n$erned, "t " #n "nter&eren$e t% e dr#5n the $%!rt &r%) #r"%! $"r$!)t#n$e. hether there h# een 5r%n&! $%n$e#)ent %r $%n&"ne)ent
38 Ra%a%ir 1932 $- 28& =rani" Het$r v. '%er$r AIR 1937 A00 182& Ragnat Sing v. State $+ a-aa Pra-e" 1967 PLJ 477.
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!nder @<8, " # )#tter t% e $%n"dered &r%) the &#$t #nd $"r$!)t#n$e %& # 3#rt"$!#r $#e. In S)t S#r%4 K!)#r" . St#te %& Utt#r Pr#deh. 71, the #$$!ed h#d een $h#red %& the %&&en$e %& te#"n # ne5 %rn $h"d &r%) "t )%therC de"er ed "n the )#tern"t h%3"t#, # the $h"d 5# &%!nd "n the edr%%) %& the #$$!ed, #th%!h he h#d n%t "en "rth t% #n ne5 %rn $h"d. The S!3re)e +%!rt !3hed her $%n"$t"%n !nder @<8, h%d"n th#t !nder the $"r$!)t#n$e, the "nter&eren$e %& $%n$e#)ent #nd !"t $%n$!rrent dr#5n the $%!rt e%5 5ere 4!t"&"#e #nd $%rre$t.
KIDNAPPIN: OR ABDU+TIN: +HILD UNDER TEN YEARS ITH INTENT TO STEAL ORM ITS PERSON Se$t"%n @
PA#T + D SLA%!#0 AND $O#C!D LABOU# Se$t"%n @=0. !"n %r d"3%"n %& #n 3er%n # # #e. - h%eer ")3%rt, e3%rt, re)%e, !, e %r d"3%e %& #n 3er%n # # #e, %r #$$e3t, re$e"e %r det#"n ##"nt h" 5" #n 3er%n # #e, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% een e#r #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. There )!t e # e"n %r d"3%# %& # 3er%n # # #eC, ".e., # e"n %r d"3%# 5here %ne, 5h% $#") t% h#e # 3r%3ert t% #n%ther. 72 Se$t"%n @=1. H#"t!# de#"n "n #e. - h%eer h#"t!# ")3%rt, e3%rt, re)%e, !, e, tr#&&"$ %r de# "n #e, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent &%r "&eJ %r 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) n%t e$eed"n the e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. 41 AIR 1973 SC 21 (1973) 1 SCJ 682/ (1973) CrLJ 267 SC. 42 Seti$n 37 $*ever/ a" 0$"t it" ti0it an- re0evane bea"e $+ art. 23 r$ibiting tra? in %an being" an- +$re- 0ab$r/ an- te #$n-e- Lab$r S"te% (Ab$0iti$n) At 1976.
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Se$t"%n @=1 3r%"de 3!n"h)ent &%r the h#"t!# #e tr#der Se$t"%n @=7 Un#5&! $%)3!%r #%!r - h%eer !n#5&! $%)3e #n 3er%n t% #%!r ##"nt the 5" %& th#t 3er%n, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% %ne e#r, %r 5"th %th. Se$t"%n @=7 "ntended t% $he$( the 3r#$t"$e %& &%r$ed #%!r. There&%re, "t )#(e !n#5&! $%)3!%r #%!r #n %&&en$e. It e)%d"e the 3r"n$"3e th#t n% 3er%n h# e !n#5&! &%r$ed t% !ndert#(e #%!r ##"nt h" 5". The 5%rd #%!rC #33"e %th t% 3h"$# #nd )ent# #%!r.
PA#T + ! SAL! O# PU#C'AS! O$ &INO#S $O# I&&O#AL PU#POS!S Se$t"%n @=2. Se"n )"n%r &%r 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n, et$. - h%eer e, et t% h"re, %r %ther5"e d"3%e %& #n 3er%n !nder the #e %& e"hteen e#r 5"th "ntent th#t !$h 3er%n h# #t #n #e e e)3%ed %r !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n %r ""$"t "nter$%!re 5"th #n 3er%n %r &%r #n !n#5&! #nd "))%r# 3!r3%e, %r (n%5"n "t t% e "(e th#t !$h 3er%n 5" #t #n #e eJ e)3%ed %r !ed &%r #n !$h 3!r3%e, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% ten e#r, #nd h# e "#e t% &"ne. E3#n#t"%n I. - hen # &e)#e !nder the #e %& e"hteen e#r %d, et &%r h"re, %r %ther5"e d"3%ed %& t% # 3r%t"t!te %r t% #n 3er%n 5h% (ee3 %r )#n#e # r%the, the 3er%n % d"3%"n %& !$h &e)#e h#, !nt" the $%ntr#r " 3r%ed, e 3re!)ed t% h#e d"3%ed %& her 5"th the "ntent th#t he h# e !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n. E3#n#t"%n II. - %r the 3!r3%e %& th" e$t"%n ""$"t "nter$%!re )e#n e!# "nter$%!re et5een 3er%n n%t !n"ted )#rr"#e %r #n !n"%n %r t"e 5h"$h, th%!h n%t #)%!nt"n t% # )#rr"#e, " re$%n"ed the 3er%n# #5 %r $!t%) %& the $%))!n"t t% 5h"$h the e%n %r, 5here the e%n t% d"&&erent $%))!n"t"e, %& %th !$h $%))!n"t"e, # $%nt"t!t"n et5een the) # !#"-)#r"t# re#t"%n Se$t"%n @=@. B!"n )"n%r &%r 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n, et$. > h%eer !, h"re %r %ther5"e %t#"n 3%e"%n %& #n 3er%n !nder the #e %& e"hteen e#r 5"th "ntent th#t !$h 3er%n h# #t #n #e e e)3%ed %r !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n %r ""$"t
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"nter$%!re 5"th #n 3er%n %r &%r #n !n#5&! #nd "))%r# 3!r3%e, %& (n%5"n "t t% e "(e th#t !$h 3er%n 5" #t #n #e eJ e)3%ed %r !ed &%r #n 3!r3%e, h# e 3!n"hed 5"th ")3r"%n)ent %& e"ther de$r"3t"%n &%r # ter) 5h"$h )# etend t% ten e#r, #nd h# #% e "#e t% &"ne. E3#n#t"%n I - An 3r%t"t!te %r #n 3er%n (ee3"n %r )#n#"n # r%the, 5h% !, h"re %r %ther5"e %t#"n 3%e"%n %& # &e)#e !nder the #e %& e"hteen e#r h#, !nt" the $%ntr#r " 3r%ed, e 3re!)ed t% h#e %t#"ned 3%e"%n %& !$h &e)#e 5"th the "ntent th#t he h# e !ed &%r the 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n. E3#n#t"%n II - I"$"t "nter$%!re h# the #)e )e#n"n # "n e$t"%n @=2. Se$t"%n @=2 3r%"de 3!n"h)ent &%r e"n # 3er%n !nder the #e %& 18 e#r e"ther e &%r the 3!r3%e %& 3r%t"t!t"%n, ""$"t "nter$%!re %r &%r #n %ther "))%r# 3!r3%e, 5h"e @=@ 3r%"de 3!n"h)ent &%r # 3er%n 5h% ! !$h # )"n%r 3er%n. %r "n%("n the 3r%""%n %& @=2, the 3r%e$!t"%n " re!"red t% 3r%e th#t h# %d %r et t% h"re # 3er%n !nder the #e %& 18 e#r 5"th "ntent %r (n%5ede th#t the 3er%n 5%!d e !ed &%r e"ther the 3!r3%e )ent"%ned there"n.7@ S!$h # 3er%n )# e %& e"ther e. M#rr"ed %r !n)#rr"ed %r e#d"n #n "))%r# "&e 3r"%r t% #e %r 3!r3%e. 77 The %&&en$e " $%)3ete the )%)ent there " #e %r ett"n t% h"re # )"n%r 5"th the "ntent"%n 3e$"&"ed "n @=2. Se$t"%n @=@, # t#ted e#r"er, )#(e $r")"n# re3%n"e &%r !"n, h"r"n, %r %t#"n"n 3%e"%n %& # )"n%r &%r the 3!r3%e 3e$"&"ed there"n.
PA#T + $ P#OPOSALS $O# #!$O#&S The "&th L#5 +%))""%n "n "t &%rt e$%nd re3%rt %n the Ind"#n Pen# +%de h# !eted %)e )#4%r re&%r) "n the #5 re#t"n t% ("dn#33"n #nd #d!$t"%n. The L#5 +%))""%n, the :%ern)entC #5 re&%r) #d"er, h# !eted re)%"n # re!"re)ent th#t &%r$e %r &r#!d )!t e !ed &%r #n #d!$t"%n t% e ("dn#3. It 5%!d )e#n # 5#rr"n 3#rent 5h% &#" t% ret!rn # $h"d "n # d%)et"$ d"3!te $%!d &#$e the 3r%3e$t %& e"n $h#red 5"th ("dn#3, 43 Sant$" Santra @ #a v. State $+ e"t #enga0 (1983) 2 Cri%e" 646& ir-ari0a0 v. '%er$r AIR 1934 A00 324& La0 Sing v. State $+ ,ttar Pra-e" (1954) CrLJ 859 (A00). 44 I"%ai0 R"ta%:an (196) 8 #$% LR 236.
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5h"$h $#rr"e # )#")!) "&e enten$e. In $%ntr#t, $h"d #d!$t"%n $#rr"e # )#")!) ter) %& een e#r. The +%))""%n "n"ted the 3#nned re&%r) 5# n%t de"ned t% t#ret th%e $#e !t t% en!re $r")"n# 5h% ent"$e $h"dren %r !ner#e #d!t "n t% the"r $#r %r h%!e $#n e $h#red 5"th ("dn#3. The L#5 +%))""%n h# 3r%3%ed re#)3"n the #5 %& ("dn#3 # 3#rt %& # dr"e t% )#(e e"#t"%n $e#rer. L%rd !t"$e M!n, $h#"r)#n %& the +%))""%n, #"d6 The $%))%n !ndert#nd"n %& ("dn#3 d%enQt !#re 5"th the #5 # "t " #t 3reent. The 3e$"&"$ re!"re)ent %& the !e %& &%r$e %r &r#!d t% $%nt"t!te # ("dn#33"n h%!d e re)%ed t% he3 3r%te$t $h"dren #nd !ner#e 3e%3e, the #d"er #"d. E3#"n"n the er"%! 3r%e) 5"th the #5 # "t t#nd, Pr%&e%r D#"d Or)er%d, the #5 $%))""%ner e#d"n the $%n!t#t"%n, #"d6 In 3r#$t"$# ter), # %!n $h"d %r !ner#e #d!t 5h% #$$%)3#n"e #n %&&ender 5"th%!t h#"n een &%r$ed %r de&r#!ded "nt% d%"n % 5%nQt ne$e#r" h#e een ("dn#33ed. He #dded there 5# #% #n #)"!"t %er 5hether there $%!d e # 3r%e$!t"%n &%r ("dn#3 "& #n %&&ender !e &r#!d t% et %)e%ne t% #$$%)3#n h") !t he d%enQt #$t!# det#"n the) !nt" the end %& the 4%!rne, 5h"$h r!n $%!nter t% 5h#t )%t 3e%3e 5%!d th"n( %& # ("dn#33"n. In "t $%n!t#t"%n 3#3er, the $%))""%n #"d6 The $%))""%nQ 3r%3%# 5%!d $%e th" %%3h%e. A #$( %& $%nent the "$t") h%!d e en%!h een "& n% &%r$e %& &r#!d 5# !ed the #d!$t%r. Under the $!rrent #5, there " n% e!"#ent %&&en$e %& $h"d #d!$t"%n 5hen the "$t") " # !ner#e #d!t, % !ne &%r$e %r &r#!d 5# !ed, 3r%e$!t%r h#e t% 3end t")e $r#"n #r%!nd &%r %ther %&&en$e, !$h # th%e ##"nt the 3er%n. +h#re %& &#e ")3r"%n)ent $%!d #% e r%!ht, !t %n "& # % %& "ert $%!d e 3r%en. Pr%& Or)er%d #dded6 O!r #") " t% $#r"& the de&"n"t"%n #nd %!nd#r"e %& ("dn#33"n #nd t% en!re th#t thee &%r) %& 5r%nd%"n $#n e 3r%e$!ted 5"th $%n&"den$e. The $%))""%n " #% $%n"der"n 5hether %)e )"n%r $#e %& ("dn#33"n h%!d e #e t% e he#rd )#"tr#te, r#ther th#n %n "n the $r%5n $%!rt. One "n &"e ("dn#3 $#e he#rd $r%5n $%!rt 4!de e#d t% # enten$e 5h"$h $%!d h#e een ")3%ed !"$(er #nd $he#3er )#"tr#te, &"!re h%5ed. The three %3t"%n !eted the $%))""%n, 5h"$h "n$!de $e#rer de&"n"t"%n e#d"n t% &e5er e# #r!)ent #nd #33e#, 5%!d e#$h #e #t e#t 2.; )""%n, ")3#$t #e)ent h%5ed. B!t there 5%!d e n% "n"&"$#nt $h#ne "n the t%t# n!)er %& $#e 3r%e$!ted. E#$h e#r, !3 t% =;0 $#e "n 5h"$h # 3er%n " $h#red 5"th ("dn#33"n % e&%re )#"tr#te, !t %n !3 t% 1;0 $#e re!t "n # $%n"$t"%n #t $r%5n $%!rt. The three-)%nth $%n!t#t"%n end %n De$e)er 2=.
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BIBLIOG#AP'01 BOOKS #!$!##!D 1 *1/ B "ne A!th%r > P.S. P"#" *2/ THE Ind"#n Pen# +%de K.D. :#!r*Un"er# #5 3!"h"n +%., %!rth Ed"t"%n/
)!BSIT!S *@/ L#5 $%))""%n re3%rt ##"#e #t htt3699555.teer#3h.$%.!(9ne59!(ne59#5-#nd-%rder98=?1?729Re&%r)-%&-("dn#3#5-$%!d-h"t-5#rr"n-3#rent.ht)
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