Evolving Wireless Standards Cel lular Commu nic ation Technology
5G
GSM/GPRS/EDGE/EDGE Evolution
HSPA(HSDPA and HSUPA)/HSPA+
W-CDMA
IEEE802.16-2004/ 16e/16m(WiMAXtm)
Galileo
BeiDou
Wireless High Definition WirelessGigabit Short-range(< 10m)high capacity link
Wirelessmetropolitan areanetwork(MAN)
Global Posiiton System operatedby UnitedStates
GlobalNavigationSatellite SystemoperatedbyRussia
Galileois aGNSSsystem built by theEuropean Union and European SpaceAgency
Beidou Navigation System (BDS) is aChinesesatellitenavigation system
9 networks in 7 countries;40 networks cdmaOne:1995/cdma2000:2001/1xEV-DO 0:2001/1xEV-DO expectedworldwideby endof 2014 Rel.0:2004/Rev.A: 2006/Rev.B:2010 Worldwide.Focusedmoreon Asian countries.300+networks in118+countries (110+EV-DORel.0, 175+EV-DORev.A, 10+ EV-DORev.B networks) Band1: 1920 to1980 MHz (UL), 2110 to 2170 MHz (DL), FDD CdmaOne Band2: 1850 to1910 MHz (UL), 1930 to 1990 MHz (DL), FDD US, Korea: 824 to849 MHz (MSTx), 869 to894 MHz (BSTx) Band3: 1710 to1785 MHz (UL), 1805 to 1880 MHz (DL), FDD Japan: 887 to925 MHz (MSTx), 832 to870 MHz (BSTx) Band4: 1710 to1755 MHz (UL), 2110 to 2155 MHz (DL), FDD US: 1850 to1910 MHz (MSTx), 1930 to1990 MHz (BSTx) Band5: 824 to849 MHz (UL), 869 to894MHz (DL), FDD Korean: 1750 to1780 MHz (MSTx), 1840 to1870 MHz (BSTx) Band6: 830 to840 MHz(UL), 875 to885 MHz (DL), FDD CDMA2000 Band7: 2500 to2570 MHz (UL), 2620 to 2690 MHz(DL), FDD BandClass 0: 815 to849 MHz (MSTx), 860 to894 MHz (BSTx) Band8: 880 to915 MHz (UL), 925 to960 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 1: 1850 to1910 MHz (MSTx), 1930 to1990 MHz (BSTx) Band9: 1749.9 to1784.9 MHz (UL), 1844.9 to1879.9 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 2: 872 to915 MHz (MSTx), 917 to960 MHz (BSTx) Band10: 1710 MHz to1770 MHz (UL), 2110 to 2170 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 3: 887 to925 MHz (MSTx), 832 to870 MHz (BSTx) Band11: 1427.9 to1447.9 MHz (UL), 1475.9 to1495.9 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 4: 1750 to1780 MHz (MSTx), 1840 to1870 MHz (BSTx) Band12: 699 to716 MHz (UL), 729 to746 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 5: 410 to484 MHz (MSTx), 420 to494 MHz (BSTx) Band13: 777 to787 MHz (UL), 746 to756 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 6: 1920 to1980 MHz (MSTx), 2100 to2170 MHz (BSTx) Band14: 788 to798 MHz (UL), 758 to768 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 7: 776 to 788 MHz (MSTx), 746 to758 MHz (BSTx) Band15: Reserved(UL), Reserved(DL), FDD BandClass 8: 1710 to1785 MHz (MSTx), 1805 to1880 MHz (BSTx) Band16: Reserved(UL), Reserved(DL), FDD BandClass 9: 880 to915 MHz (MSTx), 925 to960 MHz (BSTx) Band17: 704 to716 MHz (UL), 734 to746 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 10: 806 to901 MHz (MSTx), 851 to940 MHz (BSTx) Band18: 815 to830 MHz (UL), 860 to875 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 11: 410 to484 MHz (MSTx), 420 to494 MHz (BSTx) Band19: 830 to845 MHz (UL), 875 to890 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 12: 870 to876 MHz (MSTx), 915 to921 MHz (BSTx) Band20: 832 to862 MHz (UL), 791 to821 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 13: 2500 to2570 MHz (MSTx), 2620 to2690 MHz (BSTx) Band21: 1447.9 to1462.9 MHz (UL), 1495.9 to1510.9 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 14: 1850 to1915 MHz (MSTx), 1930 to1995 MHz (BSTx) Band22: 3410 to3490 MHz (UL), 3510 to 3590 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 15: 1710 to1755 MHz (MSTx), 2110 to2155 MHz (BSTx) Band23: 2000 to2020 MHz (UL), 2180 to 2200 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 16: 2502 to2568 MHz (MSTx), 2624 to2690 MHz (BSTx) Band24: 1626.5 to1660.5 MHz (UL), 1525 to1559 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 18: 787 to799 MHz (MSTx), 757 to769 MHz (BSTx) Band25: 1850 to1915 MHz (UL), 1930 MHz to 1995 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 19: 698 to716 MHz (MSTx), 728 to746 MHz (BSTx) Band26: 814 to849 MHz (UL), 859 to894 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 20: 1626 to1661 MHz (MSTx), 1525 to1559 MHz (BSTx) Band27: 807 to824 MHz (UL), 852 to869 MHz (DL), FDD BandClass 21: 2000 to2020 MHz (MSTx), 2180 to2200 MHz (BSTx) Band28: 703 to748 MHz (UL), 758 to803 MHz (DL), FDD Band29: N/A (UL), 717 to728 MHz (DL), FDD2 Band30: 2305 to2315 MHz (UL), 2350 to 2360 MHz (DL), FDD Band31: 452.5 to457.5 MHz (UL), 462.5 to 467.5 MHz (DL), FDD Band32: N/A (UL), 1452 to 1496 MHz (DL), FDD2 Band33: 1900 to1920 MHz (UL), 1900 to 1920 MHz (DL), TDD Band34: 2010 to2025 MHz (UL), 2010 to 2025 MHz (DL), TDD Band35: 1850 to1910 MHz (UL), 1850 to 1910 MHz (DL), TDD Band36: 1930 to1990 MHz (UL), 1930 to 1990 MHz (DL), TDD Band37: 1910 to1930 MHz (UL), 1910 to 1930 MHz (DL), TDD Band38: 2570 to2620 MHz (UL), 2570 to 2620 MHz (DL), TDD Band39: 1880 to1920 MHz (UL), 1880 to 1920 MHz (DL), TDD Band40: 2300 to2400 MHz (UL), 2300 o 2400 MHz (DL), TDD Band41: 2496 to2690 MHz (UL), 2496 to 2690 MHz (DL), TDD Band42: 3400 to3600 MHz (UL), 3400 to 3600 MHz (DL), TDD Band43: 3600 to3800 MHz (UL), 3600 to 3800 MHz (DL), TDD Band44: 703 to803 MHz (UL), 703 to803 MHz (DL), TDD O FD MA an an dS dS C- FD MA O FD MA , SC -F DMA an an d cdmaOneandcdma2000: CDMA 1xEV-DO:TDMA/CDMA ClusteredSC-FDMA
TETRA:1997/TEDS:2005 All ETSI countries
Project25 certification: 1995 U.S., Australia, New Zealand andexpanding global coverage
ISO18000-6Type-C:2005/Type-A/B: 2006-2007 ISO18000-4Mode-1:2006-2007 ISO18092:2007-2008 Worldwide
2010 Worldwide
Worldwide
Bluetooth CoreSpecifications: 2007/V2.1+EDR 2009/V3.0+HighSpeed 2010/V4.0LowEnergy
b:1999/a/g:2002-2003/h: 2003-2004/j:2004/n:2007/ac: 2013;af: 2013;ah: around2015
802.11ad:2009Worldwide 802.11aj(China): 2016
Fixedaccess: 2006/ Mobileaccess: 2007 Worldwide
Fully operationl since1994 with typically 31 satellites in operation
Fully operational in Oct.2011; Initial open serviceplannedby 2015 andcompletion of full system by 2020
Currently only 4 in-orbit validation satellites launched. Initial open serviceplaned by 2015 andfully operation for2020
Currently 14 satellites in-orbit andbegan serviceforAsia-pacific region sinceDec.2012 andplan thecompletion of full system by 2020
380 to390 MHz (MS) 390 to400 MHz (BS) 410 to420 MHz (MS) 420 to430 MHz (BS) 450 to460 MHz (MS) 460 to470 MHz (BS) 870 to915 MHz (MS) 915 to950 MHz (BS)
700/800MHzpublicsafetyband: 764to869MHz Futurereleaseswill operateon: 380to470MHz (UHFrange1) 450to520MHz (UHFrange2) 136to154MHz (VHFsub range) 150to174MHz (VHFsub range)
EPCClass 1 Generation 2 UHF, 860 to960 MHz ISO 18000-6 Type-A/B: 860-960 MHz ISO 18000-4 Mode-1: 2.4 to2.4835 GHz (ISM) Defaultoperating frequency: 2.45 GHz ISO 18092: 13.56 MHz
EMVCo, NFCForum, ISO 14443,ISO18092,ISO 15693, ISO 18000-3: 13.56 MHz
IEEE802.15.4: 868 MHz (Europe) 915 MHz (Unitedstates) 2.4 GHz (ISM-World-wide) IEEE802.15.4g: Frequency bands from 450 MHz to2.4 GHz
2 . 4t o 2 4. 8 35 G Hz ( SI M )
b / g: 2.4 to2.4835 GHz (ISM) 802.11a/h/j: 4.9 to5 GHz (Japan) 5.03 to 5.091 GHz (Japan) 5.15 to5.35 GHz (UNII) 5.49 to5.725 GHz (UNII) 5.735 to5.835 GHz (ISM, UNII) 802.11n: 2.4 to2.4835 GHz (ISM) 5.15 to5.35 GHz (UNII) 5.49 to5.725 GHz (UNII) 5.735 to5.825 GHz (ISM, UNII) 802.11ac: 5.15 to5.35 GHz (UNII) 5.49 to5.725 GHz (UNII) 5.735 to5.825 GHz (ISM, UNII) 802.11af: 470-698 MHz (UHF) 40-230 MHz (VHF) 802.11ah: (Draft): <1GHz
802.11ad: 57.05 to64 GHz (USandCanada), 57 to64 GHz (European Union), 57 to64 GHz (South Korea), 59 to66 GHz (Japan), 59.04 to62.9 GHz (Australia), 59 to64 GHz (China) 802.11aj: (China)43.5 to47 GHz 59 to64 GHz
Licensed/unlicensedbands, 2 to11 GHz (Typical: 2.3, 2.5, 3.5 GHz)
L1:1575.42MHz L2:1227.60MHz L3:1381.05MHz L4:1379.913MHz L5:1176.45MHz
L1: 1602.00 MHz L2: 1246.00 MHz L3: 1202.25 MHz
E1:1575.42MHz E5:1191.795MHz E5a:1176.450MHz E5b:1207.140MHz E6:1278.75MHz
B1I:1561.098MHz B1II:1589.742MHz B2:1207.140MHz B3:1268.520MHz
TDMA
F DMA P( hase 1) TDMA (Phase2)
TDMA/FDMA
Electro magnetic cou pling
CSMA- CA (carriersense multipleaccesscollision avoidance)
TDMA
CSMA- CA
TDD
Fixed access: FDD, TDD Mobileaccess: FDD/HFDD, TDD, OFDMA
CDMA
FDMA or CDMA
CDMA
CDMA
RRCfilter( e r( α = 0.22) UL: QPSK, 16QAM(TD-HSUPA), DL: QPSK, 16QAM(TD-HSDPA), 64QAM(TD-HSPA+)
QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM;no M;no filterdefinedby standard(applies toLTE and LTE-Advanced)
cdmaOne:Chebychevlow pass(FIR) OQPSK,1bit/symbol(RL) QPSK,1bit/symbol( FL) cdma2000:Chebychevlowpass (FIR) QPSK/HPSK,2bits/symbol(RL) QPSK,2bits/symbol( FL) 1xEV-DO:Chebychevlow pass(FIR) QPSK/HPSK,8PSK,3 bits/symbol(RL) QPSK,8PSK,16QAM,64QAM(FL)
RRCfilter( α = 0.35) TETRA: π/4 DQPSK (differential QPSK) TEDS:M-4QAM,M-16QAM, M-64QAM
CQPSK, C4FM(Phase FM(Phase 1) H-CPM, H-DQPSK(Phase 2)
EPCClass 1 Generation 2 UHF: DSB-ASK, SSB-ASK, PR-ASK(R→ T) ASKorPSK(backscatt s catter)(T e r)(T→ R) ISO18000-4Mode-1: ASK(index= 99%)(R→T) ASK(backscatter)(T →R) ISO 18000-6 Type-A: ASK(index= 30%)(R→T) ASK(backscatter)(T →R) ISO 18000-6 Type-B: ASK(index= 11% or99%)(R →T) ASK(backscatter)(T →R) ISO 18092: passive ASK(index= various), OOK(R→T) ASK(backscatter)(T →R) ISO 18092: active ASK(index= various), OOK
Passivecommunication mode: 10% ASK Activecommunication mode: 10% or100% ASK(data transferrate dependent)
IEEE802.15.4: 868/915MHz:BPSK/ ASK(optional)/O-QPSK(optional) with RRCfilter 2450 MHz: O-QPSKwith halfsinepulse-shaping filter IEEE802.15.4g: MR-FSK MR-OFDM MR-OQPSK
Bluetooth 1.2: GFSKwith bandwidth time(BT) product = 0.5 Bluetooth EDR: π/4 DQPSK and8DPSK(differential PSK); Bluetooth low energy: GFSK
WirelessHD with 3 PHY modes: High rate PHY: RSandCCFEC, 512 OFDMwith 336QPSK,16QAMor 64QAMdatacarriers, 16 travelling BPSKpilots MediumratePHY:RS andCCFEC,256OFDM with 168 QPSK, 16QAMdatacarriers, 8 travelling BPSKpilots Low-ratePHY: RSand CCFEC, 128 OFDM, 30 BPSKdatacarriers, 4 fixedBPSKpilots WiGig/802.11adwith 4 PHY modes: Control PHY: LDPCFEC, 32xspreading, π/2-DBPSK Single-carrierPHY: LDPC, optional 2xrepetition, π /2-BPSK, π/2-QPSK, or π/2-16QAM OFDMPHY:LDPCFEC, 512-OFD 2 -OFDMwith 336SQPSK,QPSK,16Q K ,QPSK,16QAMor64QAMdata carriers, 16 fixedBPSKpilots LowpowersinglecarrierPHY:RS(224,208)plus BCFEC, π/2-BPSKor π/2-BPSK
Fixedaccess: OFDMwith BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM Mobileaccess: OFDMA with BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
BPSK, QPSK or BOC
B PSK
CBOC, AltBOC
BPSK
5 MH z
1.6 MHz
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MH z, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, 20 MHz
1.23 MHz (U.S.cellularband) 1.25 MHz (otherbands)
2 5k Hz
1 2. 5k Hz an d 6. 25 kH z
E PC Cl Cl as s1 Ge ne ra it on 2U HF , ISO 18000-6 Type-A/B: local regulations ISO 18000-4 Mode-1: 500 kHz (US) ISO 18092: n/a
I SO 18 09 2: n a/
I EE E8 02 1. 5. 4: 868/915 MHz: 2 MHz 2.4 GHz: 5 MHz IEEE802.15.4g: Variedfrom 12.5 kHz to5 MHz, depending on frequency band andmodulation type
Legacy Bluetooth: 1 MHz frequency hopping Low Energy Bluetooth: 2 MHz frequency hopping
Up to4 channels, each 2.16 GHz wide 1.25 to20 MHz; Modulation bandwidth 1.76 GHz forsinglecarrier 40 MHz optional for802.16m modes, 1.825 GHz forOFDMmodes (Typical: 5, 7, 8.75, 10 MHz) 802.11 aj(China): 2.16 GHz channel can bedividedto1.08, 0.54 and0.27 GHz
Mainlope2.046 MHz and with atotal protected bandwidth of 24 MHz forL1
0.5625 MHz foreach channel andtotal occupy 7.875 MHz
Mainlopeis occupiedin 4.092 MHz andatotal protected bandwidth for32 MHz forE1
Bandwidth (1 dB): 4.092 MHz Bandwidth (3 dB): 16 MHz
3.84 Mcps
3.84 Mcps
1.28 Mcps
12 kHz/14 kHz per 15 kHz carr ier (6 or7 symbols per0.5 ms slot)
1.2288 Mcps
TETRA: 18 ksps TEDS: 64 ksps
4.8 ksym/s (Phase1) 12 ksym/s (Phase2)
BasicRateand Low Energy: 1 Msps EDR: 2 to3 Mbps
WirelessHD:4.40625Msym/s. WiGig/802.11ad1.76 Gsym/s forsingle carriermodes, 4.125 Msym/s forOFDMmodes
1.023 Mcps, 0.5115 Mcps or 10.23Mcps
0 5. 11 5 kc ps
1 0. 23 M cp s or 1 0. 23 M cp s
2 0. 46 M ch pi s/ s o r 10 2. 3 Mchips/s
GSM: 14.4 kbps GPRS: 171.2 kbps (DL, 21.4 kbps with 8 slots) 128.4 kbps (UL, 6 slots) EDGE: 473.6 kbps (DL, 59.2 kbps with 8 slots) 355.2 kbps (UL, 59.2 kbps with 6 slots ) EDGE Evolution: 1.89 Mbps (DL)1.42 Mbps (UL)
3 84 k b ps D L a n d U L
H S DP A ( DL ) : 1 4. 4 M bp s ( 1 6Q A M, 15 HS-PDSCHs) HSUPA (UL): 5.76 Mbps (2 ms TTI) HSPA+ (DL): 336 Mbps (64QAM, eightcells andMIMO) HSPA+ (UL): 23 Mbps (16QAM, twocells)
TD-SCDMA:384kbps TD-HSDPA (DL): 2.8 Mbps TD-HSUPA (UL): 2.2 Mbps TD-HSPA+: 8.4 Mbps (DL)(2x2 MIMO, 64QAM)
DL: 300 Mbps (20 MHz, 64QAM, 4x4 MIMO) UL: 75 Mbps (20 MHz, 64QAM)
DL: 1 Gbps (4x4 MIMO, > 70 MHz transmission BW as oneof many possible configurations) UL: 500 Mbps
95A: 14.4 kbps 95B: 56 kbps cdma2000 Up to 307.2 kbps (FL/RL) 1xEV-DO Rel.0: Up to2.45 Mbps (FL) Up to 153.6 kbps (RL) Rev.A: Up to3.1 Mbps (FL) Up to1.8 Mbps (RL) Rev.B: Up to14.7 Mbps (1xEV-DO)orup to73.5 Mbps (15xEV-DO in 20 MHz)(FL) Up to5.4 Mbps (1xEV-DO)orup to 27.6 Mbps (15xEV-DO in 20 MHz)(RL)
TETRA: 28.8 kbps with no protection TEDS:384kbps
9.6 kbps (Phase1) 12 kbps (Phase2)
IEEE802.15.4: 868/915 MHz: 20, 40 ksps 2.4 GHz: 62.5 ksps /2 Mcps IEEE802.15.4g: Variedfrom 4.8 kbps to1 Mbps, depending on frequency band andmodulation types 20 to250 kbps, depending on frequency band
b: Gaussian orvendorspecific a/g/h/j/n: Rectangularor vendorspecific b: Differential BPSK/QPSK (DBPSK/DQPSK)for1 and 2 Mbps datarates;CCKwith DQPSKmodulationfor 5.5and 11 Mbps datarates a/g/h/j: up to64QAMon 52 OFDMsubcarriers n: up to64QAMon 56 or114 OFDMsubcarriers ac: up to256QAMon 56, 114, 242, or484 OFDMsubcarriers af: up to256QAMbasedon 802.11acPHY ah: up to256QAMbasedon 802.11ac/nPHY b: 25/10 MHz North America, 30/10 MHz Europe(non overlapping/overlapping) g: 25 MHz, a/h: 20 MHz j: 20/10 (optional)MHz n: 20/40 (regional)MHz ac: 20, 40, 80, 160 MHz af: 6,7,8 MHz ah: 1,2,4,8,16 MHz b: 11 Mcps a/g/h: 250 ksps j: 125 ksps n/ac: 250 ksps
Bluetooth basicrate: 1 Mbps Bluetooth EDR: 2 to3 Mbps; Bluetooth LE: 1 Mbps
b: 11 Mbps a/g/h/j:54Mbps n: 72.2 Mbps for20 MHz with 1 Tx, up to600 Mbps for 40 MHz with 4 Tx ac: 86.7 Mbps for20 MHz with 1 Tx, Tx, up to6.9 Gbps for 160 MHz with 8 Tx af: 26.7 Mbps for6 MHz, up to569 Mbps for8MHz with 4 channel bonding ah: 4 Mbps for1 MHz with 1 Tx, up to156 Mbps with 16 MHz and2 Tx
WirelessHD: 7138 Mbps (64QAMOFDMwith one 16e: Up to63 Mbps Txin one2.16 GHz channel. (10 MHz, 2x2 MIMO) Alsospecifies 4 x4 MIMO modeforup to 28.552 16m: Up to300 Mbps Gbps (theoretical). (20 MHz, 4x4 MIMO) WiGig/802.11ad:6756.75Mbps(64QAM OFDM with oneTxin one 2.16 GHz channel)
50 bits/s
50 bits/s
250 bits/s
50 bits /s for D1 n av igation message 500 bits/s forD2 navigation message
Networkedsociety: everything, everywhereand always connected
High-mobilitycellular GSM: Voice,SMSandcircuit switcheddata GPRSandEDGE: Packetswitcheddata EDGE Evolution: High speedpacketdata
High-mobilitycellular voice, SMS, circuitandpacket switcheddata
High-mobility cellular High-speedpacketdata
High-mobilitydata andvoice
MeetITU-R 4G IMT-Advanced cdmaOne: High-mobility cellulardataand ellulardataand voice requirements: WWfunctionality, cdma2000: High-mobility dataandvoice roaming,compatibilityofsevices, 1xEV-DO: Always-on mobilepacketdata working with WWradioaccess systems,datarates foradvanced services andapplications(100Mbpsf or highmobility,1 Gbps forlow mobility)
Instantcommunication for PMR (privatemobileradio) andPAMR (publicaccess mobileradio)
Instantcommunications for Identification, producttracking, inventory privateandpublicaccess mobile management, electronictoll collection, remote radionetworks, with trunked datacollection andconventional radiooperation
Mobileandcontactless payment, Healthcareapplications, Retail services likecoupons, keyless car, anddatatransmission betweenelectronicdevices broughtin closeproximity (touching toafew centimeters)
IEEE802.15.4: Homecontrol, buildingautomation, industrial automation IEEE802.15.4g: Smartgridutility network
Low-mobility data, voiceand ultralow powerdevices
L ow -m obi itl y da at
S ho rt- ran ge da at
“ Las tm tm lei ,”ba ba kc ha ul , an d mobilebroadbandwireless access
Position basedservice, velocity testing andaccuate timing
Position basedservice, velocity testing andaccuatetiming
Position basedservice, velocity Position basedservice, velocity testing andaccuatetiming testing andaccuatetiming
P ac ke tS tS wi ct he d
G SM :C ri cu ti s wi ct he d GPRS/EGPRS/EDGE evolution: Addpacketswitched
Circuitswitchedand Packetswitched
P ac ke t sw ti ch ed
C ri cu ti s wi ct he d na d Packetswitched
High dataratefor downlinkand uplink Greaterspectrum efficiency Less latency High mobility Co-existencewith legacy standards Packetswitchedonly
Packetswitchedonly
95A: Circuitswitched 95B andcdma2000: Circuitswitchedand Packetswitched 1xEV-DO: Packetswitched
Circuitswitchedand Packetswitched
Circuitswitchedand Packetswitched
Packet based
Packet bas ed
Packet switched or synch ronous
Packet switched
Packet switched
Packet sw itched
Full rate= RPE-LTP13 kbps Half rate= VSELP5.6 kbps (vectorsum excitedlinearpredictor) Enhancedfull rate= ACELP12.2 kbps (algebraiccodeexcitedlinear pred.) Adaptivemulti-rate(full andhalf rates)
Aaptivemulti-rate(AMR), widebandadaptivemulti-rate (WB-AMR)
cdmaOne: 13 kbps variablerateCELP;8 kbps variablerateEVRC cdma2000: 8 kbps variablerateCELP;13 kbps variablerate CELP; 8 kbps variablerateEVRC/EVRC-B, 13 kbps variablerateEVRC-WB 1xEV-DO: Nocircuitswitchedvoice, VOIP
AC A CELP
IMB E
3GPPReleaseupdates: Rel-96:GSM Rel-97:GPRS Rel-98: EDGE -BSSandNSS, picocells Rel-7 in Dec2007: EDGE Evolution Rel-9 in Jun 2010: GSMVAMOS Rel-10 in 2011: TIGHTER
3GPPReleaseupdates: Rel-99 in Mar2000: W-CDMA (FDD andTDD)
Japan:2002/Europe:2004 400+ networks in 160+ countries
Frequency Range Uplink/Reverse: (UL/RL) Downlink/Forward: (DL/FL) BaseStation: (BS) MobileStation: (MS)
Thereis nofrequency banddesignated for5G butthesearesomeof thefollowing underconsideration: < 6 GHz 28 GHz 38 to40 GHz 57 to64 GHz 70 to75 GHz 81 to89 GHz More
Europe: 900 MHz and1800 MHz North America: 850 MHz and1900 MHz T-GSM-380: 380.2 to389.8 (UL)390.2 to399.8 (DL) T-GSM-410: 410.2 to419.8 (UL)420.2 to429.8 (DL) GSM-450: 450.4 to457.6 (UL)460.4 to467.6 (DL) GSM-480: 479.0 to486.0 (UL)489.0 to496.0 (DL) GSM-710: 698.0 to716.0 (UL)728.0 to746.0 (DL) GSM-750: 747.0 to762.0 (UL)777.0 to792.0 (DL) T-GSM-810: 806.0 to821.0 (UL)851.0 to866.0 (DL) GSM-850: 824.0 to849.0 (UL)869.0 to894.0 (DL) P-GSM-900: 890.2 to914.8 (UL)935.2 to959.8 (DL) E-GSM-900: 880.0 to914.8 (UL)925.2 to959.8 (DL) R-GSM-900: 876.0 to914.8 (UL)921.0 to959.8 (DL) T-GSM-900: 870.4 to876.0 (UL)915.4 to921.0 (DL) DCS-1800:1710.2to1784.8(UL)1805.2to 1879.8(DL) PCS-1900: 1850.0 to1910.0 (UL) 1930.0 to1990.0 (DL)
RadioTechnology
Many new technologies arebeing investigatedincludingbeamforming, beam steering, massiveMIMO and non-orthogonal signaling. Underinvestigation
Timedomain mutipleaccess (TDMA)and Frequency domain multipleaccess (FDMA)with Frequency division duplex(FDD)
Codedomain multipleaccess (CDMA)with FDD
GSM/GPRS: GMSKwith Gaussian filter(BT0.3) EDGE/EGPRS:3 π /8 shift8PSKwith Linearized Gaussian filter(BT0.3) EDGEEvolution/EGPRS2: π/4-shift16QAM, -π /4-shifted 32QAM, 3π/8-shiftedQPSKwith narrow orwidepulse shaping filter
HPSKwith RRCfilter( α =0.22), 3GPPRel-6 1 bit/symbol (UL) DL: QPSK, 16QAM QPSKwith RRCfilter( α =0.22), UL: HPSK 2 bits/symbol (DL) 3GPPRel-7, 8 DL: QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM UL: HPSK, 16QAM
ChannelSpacing/ Bandwidth
Underinvestigation including from .5 to 3 GHz
200 kHz
5 MHz
SymbolRate/Chip Rate
U nd er in ve st gi at oi n
2 70 8. 33 k sp s EDGE Evolution: 325 ksps
Peak SingleUser Data Rate
100 Gbps
Primary Service
Packetor Circuit Switched
Speech Codec
Enhancements/ Remarks
GNS S (Global Navig ation Satell ite System) WirelessHD/WiGig IEEE802.11ad/aj
Wireless local areanetwork (LAN)
Additional goals of 1 mseclatency, low costandlow energy
HSDPA:2005/HSUPA:2007/HSPA+ with DLMIMO: 2009/DC-HSDPA: 2010 HSPA: 547 networks in 205 countries HSPA+: 363 networks DC-HSDPA: 159 networks in 83 countries FDD forBands 1 to 14, 19-22, 25-26 Band1: 1920 to1980 MHz (UL)2110 to2170 MHz (DL) Band2: 1850 to1910 MHz (UL)1930 to1990 MHz (DL) Band3: 1710 to1785 MHz (UL)1805 to1880 MHz (DL) Band4: 1710 to1755 MHz (UL)2110 to2155 MHz (DL) Band5: 824 to849 MHz (UL)869 to894 MHz (DL) Band6: 830 to840 MHz (UL)875 to885 MHz (DL) Band7: 2500 to2570 MHz (UL)2620 to2690 MHz (DL) Band8: 880 to915 MHz (UL)925 to960 MHz (DL) Band9: 1749.9 to1784.9 MHz (UL)1844.9 to1879.9 MHz (DL) Band10: 1710 to1770 MHz (UL)2110 to2170 MHz (DL) Band11: 1427.9 to1452.9 MHz (UL)1475.9 to 1500.9 MHz (DL) Band12: 698 to716 MHz (UL)728 to746 MHz (DL) Band13: 777 to787 MHz (UL)746 to756 MHz (DL) Band14: 788 to798 MHz (UL)758 to768 MHz (DL) Band19: 830 to845 MHz (UL)875 to890 MHz (DL) Band20: 832 to862 MHz (UL)791 to821 MHz (DL) Band21: 1447.9to1462.9MHz(UL) 1495.9to1510.9MHz(DL) Band22:3410to 3490MHz(UL) 3510to3590MHz (DL) Band25:1850to 1915MHz(UL) 1930to1995MHz (DL) Band26:814to849MHz(UL)859to89 4 to849MHz(UL)859to894MHz(DL)
C DM Aw ti hF DD
3GPPReleaseupdates: Rel-5 in Jun 2002: HSDPA Rel-6 in Mar2005: HSUPA (E-DCH) Rel-7 in Dec2007: HSPA+(64QAM DL, MIMO DL,16QAMUL) Rel-8 in Dec2008: DC-HSDPA Rel-9 in Dec2009: DC-HSUPA, DC-HSDPA + MIMO Rel-10 in 2011: 4C-HSDPA Rel-11 in 2013: 8C-HSDPA, HSUPA MIMO with 64QAM Thepeakdata rates require exceptional signal-to-noiseratio.
Timedivision-synchronous codedivision multipleaccess/Timedivisionhigh speed(downlink/uplink)packet access/Timedivision-evolvedhigh speedpacketaccess
3GPPLong Term e rm Evolutio o lution
TD-SCDMA/TD-HSDPA:2009 China
300+ networks inservicein 107 countries;350 commercial networks expectedby endof 2014
TDD forBands 33 to41 Band33: 1900 to1915 MHz (UL& DL) Band34: 2010 to2025 MHz (UL& DL) Band35: 1850 to1910 MHz (UL& DL) Band36: 1930 to1990 MHz (UL& DL) Band37: 1910 to1930 MHz (UL& DL) Band38: 2570 to2620 MHz (UL& DL) Band39: 1880 to1920 MHz (UL& DL) Band40: 2300 to2400 MHz (UL& DL) Band41: 2496 to2690 MHz (UL& DL)
T DM Aa nd CD MA wi wi ht TD TD D
Evolution of 3GPPLTE from Release10 a se10 Codedivision multipleaccess onwards;includes 3GPPReleases 10, CDMA2000 1x: A.k.a.1x, 1xRTT, IS-2000 11, 12, 13 1xEV-DO:1xEvolution-DataOptimized
Up to100 MHz with carrier aggregation
China: Full rate, enhancedfull rate, orhalf rate 3GPP: Adaptivemulti-rate
Adaptivemulti-rate(AMR);AMR- Adaptivemulti-rate(AMR);AMRwideband(AMR-WB), alsoknown wideband(AMR-WB), alsoknown as as HD voice HD voice
3GPPReleaseupdates: Rel-4 in Mar2001: Basic1.28 Mcps TDSCDMA Rel-5 in Jun 2002: HSDPA (Hybrid ARQ,16QAM) Rel-6 in Mar2005: MSBS Rel-7 in Dec2007: HSUPA (Hybrid ARQ,16QAM) Rel-8 in Dec2008: HSPA+ (2x2MIMO, 64QAM, CPC, EnhancedCell_FACH) Rel-10 in 2011: multi-carrierHSUPA, MU-MIMO
3GPPReleaseupdates: Rel-7 in Dec2007: LTE andSAE feasibility study Rel-8 in Dec2008: LTE work item –OFDMA/SC-FDMA air interface, SAE workitem –new IPcorenetwork Rel-9 in Dec2009: Multistandardradio(MSR) MBMS, Dual-layerbeamforming, LTE SON, femtocells
EPCClass 1 Gen 2 UHF: 26.7 kbps to128 kbps (pulseinterval encoding) (R →T) 40 kbps to640 kbps (FM0 encoding) 5 kbps to 320 kbps (Miller-modSC) ISO18000-4Mode-1: 30to40kbps (Manchesterencoding)(R →T) 30 to40 kbps (FM0 encoding)(T →R) ISO 18000-6 Type-A: 33 kbps (pulseinterval encoding)(R→T) 40 kbps (FM0 encoding)(T →R) ISO 18000-6 Type-B: 10 kbps or40 kbps(Manchesterencoding)( R→T) 40 kbps (FM0 encoding)(T →R) ISO18092: Passive: 106 kbps to424 kbps Active: 106 kbps to6670 kbps
Packet based
3GPPReleaseupdates: cdma2000:Capacityisabout2xTIA/EIA-95B Usedmostly by public Standards alsosupportPMR (R→T)= Interrogator-to-tag (T →R)= Tag-to-interrogator Rel-9 in Dec2009: LTE-Advanced 1xEV-DO:Capacity6to10 xTIA/EIA-95B; service,health andsafety, toease transition todigital feasibility study cdma2000isaregisteredcertificationmarkof theTelecommunications emergency, andsecurity per- operation. Rel-10 in March 2011: LTE-Advanced IndustryAssociation;usedu nderlicense. sonnel, andalso construction Phase2 introduces 2-slotTDMA (4G)workitem, CoMPstudy andtransportindustries; Rel-11 in Sept2012: CoMP, eDLMIMO, TEDS(TETRA release2) eCA, MIMO OTA, HSUPA TxD & increases userdatarates up 64QAMMIMO, HSDPA 8C& 4x4 to400 kbps MIMO, MB MSR Rel-12 in Sept2014: 3-carrierDLCA, LTE-Direct, ActiveAntennaSystems, small cells Rel-13 in Dec2015 (preliminary): Being definedfrom Sept2014, LTE-U and 4-carrierCAarepossibleenhancements
NFC
WLAN IEEE802.11 a/b/g/h/j/n/ac/af/ah
Low-ratepersonal areanetwork Medium-speedwireless PAN (LR-WPAN/ZigBee)andWi-SUN EDR: enhanceddatarate, Bluetooth 3.0 forHigh Speed and4.0 forlow energy
High speed(downlink/uplink)packet access/Evolvedhigh speedpacket access
RFID
IEEE802.15.1 Bluetooth2.1+EDR, 3.0+HP,4.0LowEnergy (IEEE802.15.1)
N e ar fi e dl c o mm u ni c at i on
GSM:1992/GPRS: 2001/EDGE E DGE: 2002 540+ networks in 190+ countries exceptJapan andKorea
Modulation and Filter Type
Wirel ess Con nec tivity
APCO25
IEEE802.15.4(ZigBee)and IEEE802.15.4g(Wi-SUN)
R a di o -f r e qu e nc y i d en t fii c at i on
Widebandcodedivision multipleaccess
LTE-Advanced
TETRA/TEDS (TETRA release2)
Association of public-safety communications officials; Project25
Global system formobilecommunications General packetradioservice Enhanceddatarates forGSM evolution EvolvedEDGE orEDGE evolution
Commercial Deployment*
Two-Way Trunked Rad io LTE
cdmaOne(TIA/EIA-95A/B/C)/CDMA20001x/ 1xEV-DORel.0/Rev. A/B
Terrestrial trunkedradio TETRA enhanceddata
5G denotes thenextmajorphase of mobiletelecommunications standards beyond4G/IMT-Advancedstandards. 5G does notdescribeany offical specification publishedby atelecommunication standardization body atthis time. Industry r y si estimating 2020
Description
TD-SCDMA/TD-HSPA/TDHSPA+
Currentdatarates: 106 kbps, 212 kbps, 424 kbps, 848 kbps New very high rates plannedup to6.8Mbps.
Log PCM or CVSD (continuousvariableslopedelta)
Incorporates existing RF standards including ISO/IEC 14443A, ISO/IEC14443B, and FeliCaas outlinedin ISO 18092
ZigBeeuses IEEE 802.15.4 PHY layer;designedto supportvery low powerstandby modes and mesh networking. IEEE 802.15.4g is theamendmentandextension of IEEE 802.15.4 standardandis mainly usedfor smartgridsystems.
Bluetooth
SmartandBluetooth Wi-FiAlliancecertifies SmartReady 802.11a/b/g/n/ac.802.11 c.802.11 logos aretrademarks owned standards shareasimilar by Bluetooth SIG MAC.DFS(dynamic frequency selection)andTPC (transmit powercontrol) areneededfor operation in parts of 5 GHz band.802.11acis finalizedand requires supportof 20, 40, and 80 MHz bandwidths.Optional features include256QAM, 160 MHz BW, up to8x8 MIMO, andMU MIMO
Fixedaccess: 5.5-87 ksps Mobileaccess: 7.0-14 ksps
GPS
GLONASS
Not applicable
No t applicable
Not applicable
Not applicable
N ot ap app il ca bl e
N ot app icl abl e
N ot ap pl cia ble
N ot ap pl ci ba el
WirelessHD Consortium introducedfirst commercial devices forHD multimedialinks in 2009.WiGig developedthe60 GHz MAC/PHY modem which has sincebeen adoptedby IEEE TGadforusein Wi-Fiapplications that will be becertifiedby Wi-FiAlliance.WiGig is also
www.agilent.com/find/wirelessconnectivity www keys ght com/find/techno og es
HARDWARE + SOFTWARE + PEOPLE = W RELESS NS GHTS
