Bar Bar 2016 2016
Pre-week Guidelines ________________________
LABOR BOR LAW Prof. Prof. Bene Bened d ic t G uir uirey Ka Ka to I DEFINITIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21.
Field Personnel jusd e m G e ne ris (ta xi d river, b utc he r) Application: Ejusd La b or Disp Disp ute L a b o r La La w Ru le le ( Ha Ha la g u e n a C a se ) Application: Re f e r e n c e t o La Employer 31 , C o r p o ra t io io n C o d e ( b a d f a i t h ; re m iss) Appli Ap plic c ation: ation: C a rag v. NL NLRC , Se c . 31 Employee tio ns Rig hts (DO 40-03: 40-03: forum forum o f a p p rop ria te juris urisd ic tion) Application: La b o r Rela tio Wage In d e m n it it y La La w Application: Ta le n t f e e ; H o m e w o r k p a y ; D o u b le In Wage Wa ge Distort Distortion ion r t io io n a d ju st st m e n t ; p re e m p t e d w a g e d ist o rt rt io io n Application: W a g e d ist o rt Night Nigh t Worker nsub o rd ina tio tio n; nigh tshif tshifte te r Application: Insub Red Circle Position Application: Re d u n d a n c y Preve Preventi ntive ve Retrenc etrenc hment Application: Expe c ted Lo sses Lucr Luc rum C e ssa ns Application: C o m p u t a t i o n Secondment Se c o nd m e nt (Inte (Inte l v. NLR NLRC ) Application: The o ry of Se Piece-rater Rule IV, Bk Bk II III, ORIL ORILC ; ho lid lid a y p a y Application: Se c . 8(b ), Rule Se lf-des lf-de sc riptive Po sition ition re t o Q u a lif y & N o m in a l D a m a g e s Application: Fa ilu re C onfide onfident ntiia l Employee Employee Application: Rig h t t o v o t e i n a C E Double Double J eopar eop ardy dy lle g a l re c ruitm ruitm e nt & SSS Application: Ille Forum Non-Conveniens ise o f juri juris sd ic tio n Application: Exe rc ise Equity J uris urisdic dic tion Application: Erro r o f J u d g m e n t J udic udic ia l C ourtes ourtesy y rc e m e n t o f ju ju d g m e n t s Application: En f o rc Novation yer-Em p lo yee Re la tionship; tionship; Vil Villa ra m a c a se Application: Em p lo yer-E Work Workplac e Democ rac y tic ip a te; 4 pill pilla rs o f la la b o r re la tio tio ns (Pr (Pro f. Azuc e na ) Application: Right to p a rtic Non-compete Clause C o n f id id e n t ia ia lit y C l a u se , N o n - so so l ic ic it a t io io n C l a u se , N o n - p o a c h in in g Application: Clause
22.
C ontrac ontrac t of Ad hesi hesion it-Murilllo Ca se Application: Dum p it-Muri
II DISTINCTIONS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43.
Statutory Due Proc ess v. C onstitutiona l Due Proc ess (effec t of violation) C ollective Bargaining v. C ollective Negotiation (EBR, ULP, jurisdictiona l preconditions) C onc iliation v. Mediation v. Arbitration (ADR) Simple Recruitment v. Economic Sabotage (Pp v. Navarra) Economic Life v. Politica l Life (BPI-FEBTC merger) Holdover Doc trine v. Automatic Renewal Clause Retrenc hment v. Redundancy Ab ando nment v. C onstructive Dismissal C ognate Offenses Rule v. Tota lity of Infractions Rule (application) Visitorial Power v. Adjudicatory Power POEA-SEC v. EC A (work-connec tion) C ompulsory SSS C overage v. Voluntary SSS Coverage (benefits) Backwages v. Reinstatement Wages (refusal to reinstate, corporate rehabilitation, appea l) License v. Authority Overseas Recruitment v. Local Recruitment (D.O. 141-14) Participation v. C odetermination (2007 Bar) Learner v. Apprentice (PONDAC A) C losed Shop Agreement v. Union Shop Agreement (arbitral award) In the Red v. In the Black (Linton v. Hellera) Organized Establishment v. Unorganized Establishment (uses) Independent C ontractor v. J ob C ontractor (qualifiers) Wage v. Talent Fee (Sonza, Begino, Espiritu) Wage v. Price (types of homework) Overtime v. Overload (13th month pa y) Regular Holiday v. Special Day (no work with pay v. no work no pay) Nigh Shift v. Night Work (RA 10151, D.O. 119-12) Solo Parent v. Single Parent (rights) SIL v. Other Leaves (SIL of Kasambahay, Parental Leave, VAWC Leave, Magna Carta for Women) Retirement Pay v. Separation Pay (CBA) Projec t Employee v. Fixed -term Employee Fixed-term Employee v. Prob ationa ry Employee Independent Registration v. C hartering (LLO, CE, 25% rule) Blue Sky Bargaining v. Surface Bargaining Strike v. Loc kout (proc ed ure) J ust C ause (Art. 282) v. J ust C ause (Art. 285) (due process, sepa ration pay) Except to Q uit v. Except to C ontinue (C omplete Severance Test) Sickness Benefits (SSS) v. Sickness Allowa nce (POEA-SEC ) C onferment v. Ac quisition (J urisdiction) Principle of Non-Diminution v. Principle of Grants (Waterfront c ase) C ontributory v. Non-contributory retirement plan (Art. 1378, NC C ) Lateral Transfer v. Scalar Transfer (free choice of employment) Rule 65 (Rules of C ourt) v. Rule XII (NLRC Rules of Proc edure) Labor Standards Law v. Labo r Relations Law III ENUMERATIONS
1. 2. 3. 4.
4 Pillars of Labor Relations New Labor Principles (Sec. 3, Art. XIII, Constitution) Salient Features of Protection to Labor Provision (1998 Bar) Ac ts of Rec ruitment
5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13.
14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30.
Prohibited Acts Ineffec tive IR Defenses The Taok List Work C onnection (Risk Fac tors) Sec. 32-A Diseases (POEA-SEC ) Annex “A” Disea ses (EC A) Valid OFW Waiver Promissory Estoppel J ust C auses a) Wilful Disobedience b) Serious Misconduct c) Loss of Trust d) Analogous C auses (Art. 282 v. Art. 285) Authorized C auses a) Redundancy (Proc edural Requisites) b) Retrenc hment (Guidelines) Requisites for C ompensability of Disability & Dea th a) POEA-SEC b) ECA Run-off Election Elements of Strike Strike Procedure J urisdictional Prec onditions Stages of a C BA Na tiona l Interest Industries (HEAT d WETBEDS 5-star Roof; D.O. 40-H-13) Hierarchy of Burdens of Proof (Ma nalo v. C onfessor, Duty Free v. Tria, SMC v. NLRC , Fuji TV Network v. Espiritu) Retirement Benefits (Labor Code) Petition for Certiorari Petition for Extraordinary Remedy Exceptions to 1 MR Rule Grounds for Exercise of Equity J urisdic tion Requisites of Labor Standards Benefits Prescriptive Periods Grounds for Appeal (LA to NLRC ) IV PREREQUISITES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
J urisdictional Prec onditions (majority representative status & demand) SEnA Proc eedings (Sec. 1, RA 10396, Art. 228, LC)) PAC Remed y (for apprentices) Verifica tion (CE is a mea ns of verifica tion only) Verification by some (common cause of action; visitorial power is exercisable over establishments, not over individual workers) Third Physician Rule (Phil Hammonia Ruling) Three-day Ma ndatory Reporting Rule C riminal Prosec ution for ULP (Bar Problem) Maternity Benefits (notices & 3 monthly contributions) Sickness Benefits (exhaustion of lea ve c redits & home/hospital confinement) Strike Procedure (conversion of notice) Pre-termination Proc edures (types of employees) Extraordinary Remedy (Rule XII, NLRC Rules of Proc edure, as amended ) Run-off Election (Valid C E + Major ELVOT C ASVOT) Reinstatement Wages (refusal to reinstate; note c orporate reha bilitation) Prior SSS C onsent (not required for criminal prosecution purposes) Implementing Laws (PAL Case vis-à-vis Serrano C ase) Art. 218©, old. LC (issue must be raised on appeal)
V LABOR PRINCIPLES
A.
Soc ial Legislation 1. Re a so na b le Ne xus Rule (absence from place of assignment has reasonable connection to presence at plac e of contingency) 2. Pro xim a te C a use The o ry (performance of work and disability or death are connected by a chain of causes unbroken by notorious negligence, habitual intoxication or intentional attempt against the member’s life or that of another) 3. Inc rea se d Risk The o ry (performance by the member of his work has increased his risk of c ontracting the unlisted disease) 4. 24-Hou r Du ty Rule (exception: soldier or policeman is on official lea ve) 5. Utm o st Lib e ra lity Rule (the purpose of social legislation is to give and not to withhold compensation; henc e, doubts must be resolved in favor of the member)
B.
Labor Standards Law Lib era l Inte rp re ta tio n Rule (Sources of doubt: PD 442 provisions; ORILC 1. provisions, labor contracts & evidence in labor proc eedings) O p e r a t iv e Fa c t D o c t rin e (valid and will continue to produc e legal effec ts 2. until nullified) Distinc t Imp ression Rule 3. (Pp v. Goce. Darvin v. CA: respondent misrepresented his authority, ab ility, or influenc e to p roc ure employment – rea son the rec ruit parted with his money) Princ iple o f To ta l Insula tion (Princ ip le o f Se p a ra te Leg a l Pe rso na lities 4. ) Princ ip le o f M e rg e r of Le g a l Pe rso na lities a) Instrum e nta lity Rule b) Princ iple o f Una ltered Re sp o nsibility c) d) Principle of Piercing the Veil of C orporate Fiction Princ iple o f Limite d Lia b ility 5. (successor employer) Div iso r Te st (holida y pay of monthly-pa id employees) 6. Ejusd e m G e ne ris (Service Incentive Lea ve & Holida y Pay: workers pa id on 7. task basis & purely commission basis) Q u a n t u m M e ru it (ordinary v. extraordinary attorney’s fees) 8. Prin c ip le o f A g g ra v a t io n (disclosed pre-existing disea ses) 9. Th e o ry o f C o n c e a lm e n t 10.
C.
Labor Relations Law Princ iple o f the Ne c e ssitou s Pe rso n 1. (Orchard Golf & Country Club v. Francisco: left no option except to continue working as a nec essitous person; not free to refuse lower position) Princ iple o f Unjust Enric hm e nt (Lledo v. Lledo; ) 2. Princ ip le o f Ab use o f Rig hts 3. (sole reference to labor law rule) Princ ip le o f Non -Op p ressio n 4. (Art. 7001, NCC ) Princ iple o f th e Le a st Tra nsm ission o f Righ ts 5. (Art. 1378, NCC ) Princ iple o f Vic a rious Liab ility 6. So c ia l Utility The o ry 7. (Milan v. NLRC ) Re a so n a b le C a u sa l C o n n e c t io n Ru le (Non-Compe te Clause: Portillo v. 8. Lietz “after”; henc e, da mage c laim is a post-employment claim; Note: Century Properties, Inc. v. Babiano “during and after employment”) Re f e re n c e t o La b o r La w Ru le (Halaguena v. PAL) 9. Tw o -tiere d Te st 10. M iniste rial Exc e p tion Rule (Ec c lesiastic a l Affa ir Te st) 11. The Wa g e Te st (wage v. talent fee; wage v. price; sec ondment) 12. The C o nt rol Te st 13. (Labor law concept of control (Sonza, Begino, Espiritu); editorial right (orosco); Tongko v. Ma nulife) D o c t rin e o f Pre f e rre d Fre e d o m s (applicability 14. of MISPAP) Fo r u m N o n - C o n v e n ie n s (Mla 15. Hotel C ase: can hea r but should not hea r) Prin c ip le o f Ef f e c t iv it y o f J u d g m e n t s 16. Princip le o f Fina lity o f Jud g m e nts 17. (Immutability) Im m unity from Suit 18. (GTZ C ase: can hear but should not hea r) Thre e fo ld Lia b ility Rule (Rayala Ruling; sexual harassment) 19. To ta lity of C irc um sta nc e s Rule 20.
21.
Princ ip le o f the Stro ng Arm o f Eq uity (injunc tion represents the strong arm
33.
of equity; it must be issued on the preservative principle) Th e o ry o f Im p u t e d Kn o w le d g e (knowledge of agent is knowledge of principal)
VI CODAL PROVISIONS LABOR CODE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22.
Art. 3: Art. 3, PD 442 v. Sec. 3, Art. XIII, C onstitution Art. 4: Liberal interpretation Rule v. Utmost Liberality Rule Art. 5: Operative Fac t Doc trine v. Raison d’etre Art. 6: Four-fold Test v. LAC APH Test Resident v. Non-resident Art. 13(b): C UTE C PA’s Have C UTE Red Peanuts Art. 34: Ad ditiona l prohibited acts Art. 97: ReMon FixAs PayCon WorSEr Fac Art. 100: Art. 127 Art. 106-109 (See Diagram) Art. 110 (Special Preferred Credits v. Ordinary Preferred C redits) Art. 124 (Wage Distortion) Art. 126 (No Injunction) Arts. 128 & 129 (See Distinctions, infra) Art. 155 (2 kinds of homework) Art. 212, old (Free C hoice of Employment) Art. 254, old (No Injunction) Art. 255, old ( C B & C N, Tabigue Ruling) Art. 277, old (4 principles) Art. 279-286, old (Security of Tenure) Art. 287, old (Retirement Benefits) Art. 291, old (Anabe Ruling; SIL as a curious animal)
NEWCIVIL CODE
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Art. 13 , 1 month = 30 days (Mitsubishi C ase; Alcira C ase) Art. 19, Principle of Ab use of Rights (Eviota Case) Art. 22, Principle of Unjust Enrichment (PAL C ases, Lledo C ase, Sec. 18, Rule XI, NLRC Rules of Procedure) Arts. 1700-1702 (Bec men C ase) Art. 1306, Principle of Autonomy; (EER is a question of law, Brent Ruling, DumpitMurillo Ruling, PMC ruling) Art. 1378, Princ iple of the Least Transmission of Rights VII OTHER LABOR STATUTES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Sec . 5, Ma gna C arta of Persons with Disability (Be r n a rd o C a se ) Sec . 5, Expanded Senior Citizens Act (rig h t t o e m p lo y m e n t ; 15 % t a x d e d u c t io n) Sec . 31, Corporation C ode (c o r p o r a t e o f f ic e r s, C a ra g v . N LRC ) Pag-Ibig Fund Ac t , Retirement Pay: PD 442, SSS (C h a n v . Ro g e l io ) & P a g - Ib ig (sub stitute retire m e nt p la n ) Ma gna C arta for Women (g y n e c o l o g i c a l d iso r d e r) Solo Parents Welfare Ac t (IF NO DA DS Und o C o itus + Le ss th a n 18 DULU ) Night Work Law (RA 10151, D.O. 119-12: no t le ss tha n 7 c on se c utive ho urs o f w o rk b e t w e e n 1 0 p m a n d 6 a m , e xc e p t FA M I w o rk e rs) Kasambahay Ac t (HeLau GarC Ya (He l lo G a rc i, e xc e p t o c c a sio n a l & sp o r a d ic) Double Indemnity Law (Sa p io v . Un d a lo c C o n st ru c t io n ) Anti-Sexual Harassment Act (Se e D ia g ra m ; Ph i l A e o l u s A u t o m o t i v e C a se , A c o st a C a se , C a rp io C a se , Ra y a la C a se )
VIII IMPLEMENTING RULES
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
IRR of Art. 277 (PT& T Rulin g ) IR of Art. 94 (Ejusd e m G e ne ris ) Nb: Sec. 8(b), Rule IV, Bk III IR of Art. 95 (Ejusd e m G e ne ris ) D.O. 119-12 (n ig h t w o rk e r) D.O. 40-H-13 (NI Ca se s: WHO EA ) IX TESTS
1. 2.
3. 4.
5.
Ma nner of C rea tion Test (Labor Law v. Civil Service Law) Two-tiered Test ( Fo u r- fo l d Te st + Ec o n o m ic D e p e n d e n c e Te st , O ro sc o C a se ) Ecclesiastical Affair Test (Ecclesiastical matters: religious belief, faith, dogma, doctrine, governance of the faithful, ordination, ex-communication) MISPAP Test (Mea ns - principle of vicarious liability not observed; Injunction – Art. 263(g), Innoc ent Bystander Rule; Statutory Prohibition – E.O. 180; Proc edure – effec t of conversion of notice to preventive mediation; Agreement – no strike clause v. c ompulsory arbitration clause; Purpose – wage distortion issues, intra & inter-union matters and labor standards issues are not strikable) Divisor Test (if employer uses lower divisor, or 249 days, he ha s not pa id the holiday pa y of his monthly-pa id employees; Proc . 831 - 12 regular holida ys) X TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Illega l Rec ruitment Sexual Harassment Labor Standards Benefits J ob C ontrac ting Wage Distortion C ompensable Disability & Dea th (POEA-SEC & ECA) XI COMPUTATIONS
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Wage Distortion Adjustment Retirement Benefits Backwages Overtime Pay Holiday Pay 13th Month Pay XII LABOR PROCEDURE
1. 2.
3.
4.
C onferment of J urisdiction a) First Level Administrative Agencies (LA, VA, RD, Med-Arbiter) b) Review Bodies (BLR, spaghetti doc trine; SOLE; NLRC ) Ac quisition of J urisdiction a) Med-Arbiter (valid C E petition) b) Regional Director (Art. 128, letter authority; Art. 129, c omplaint) c) Labor Arbiter (complaint after SEnA proceedings) d) Voluntary Arbitrator (submission a greement, notice to a rbitrate, appointment) Exercise of J urisdic tion a) Regiona l Direc tor (Bombo Radyo Ruling: determination of EER is a coextensive power) b) Med-Arbiter (res judicata, not a litigation) c) Labor Arbiter (Exec ution: motion to qua sh writ of execution; petition for certiorari - note judicial courtesy & Sec . 7, Rule 65, Rules of C ourt; petition for extraordinary remedy) d) Voluntary Arbitrator (alias writ of exec ution) Labor J urisdiction
5.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
a) Reasonable C ausal C onnec tion Rule b) Reference to Labor Law Rule Principles a) Substantial Evidenc e Rule b) Error of J urisdiction c) Equity J urisdiction XIII J URISPRUDENCE Independent Contractor Sonza v. ABS-C BN, Begino, et al v. ABS-C BN, De Raedt v. SGV , Fuji TV Network v. Espiritu, Tongko v. Manulife Projec t Employment Fixed-term Employment Nega tive Pregnant (CLEOPAI PPTRS Defenses) 2014 Decisions (See Handout) 2015 Decisions (See Handout) J Velasc o Decisions (See Handout) ___________________________________________ Do Not Read Until Dawn of Sunday. Sleep Early. God Will Take Care of the Rest.
Marichu:
O M G d i k o n a u lit b a sa h in la h a t !
Kristine: A n o k a . Ev e n t h e e x a m in e r d id n o t re a d a ll. O n l y G o d d id ! GOOD LUCK !!!
