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KALYAN SIR : BUDGET
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BUDGET KALYANSIR.COM
IN BRIEF: (NOT NOTE: E: I am a m giving giving a a brief b rief descri ption ption here for your clarity. c larity. Read
all the points carefully. This is the gist of the whole whol e chapter. The same is explained in detail). ·
For the development of the nation and for the im implementation plementation of the welfare schemes the government needs to spend money.
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When the government is spending money, it also collects money from the people in the form of taxes.
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Hence the budget includes both income and expenditure. Budget is an anticipated income and expenditure of the Government.
·
Thiss is calculated for one year. Thi
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Thiss year is called a financial year. Thi
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In Indi Indiaa the fin financial ancial ear starts on A ril 1 and ends on March
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31.
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The budget is prepared for the forthcoming financial year. It means the government plans in advance what wil willl be the expenditure in the coming financial year.
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Once the government is clear about the expenditure that is going to be incurred in the forthcoming financial year the government also plans from the income.
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Who prepares the budget?
The overall responsibi responsibili lity ty of the preparation of the budget li lies es with the Finance Mini Minister. ster.
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Once the preparation of the budget is done the budget is presented.
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The budget is presented in the Parliament with the prior permission permis sion of the President.
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The budget is first presented in the Lok Sabha.
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The budget should not be presented in the Rajya Sabha first.
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In general the budget is presented in the Lok Sabha on the last working day of February.
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Before the presentation of the general budget, the Railw Railway ay budget is presented.
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The Railw Railway ay budget is presented 1 or 2 days before the general budget.
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,
for grants takes place.
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26 days are allotted for the voting on demands for grants. The Cut motions take place during these 26 days with the
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permission of the Speaker. The Cut motions are moved by the members of opposition
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party.
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The Cut motions are meant for reducing the expenditure by the government.
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There are 3 types of cut motions like Policy cut, Economy cut and token cut.
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After this all the demands that are voted together will be put together and presented again in the Lok Sabha, this is called Appropriation (Expenditure) bill.
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There is no discussion on Appropriation bill and only voting takes place.
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Then the Appropriation bill is forwarded to the Rajya Sabha. The Rajya Sabha cannot vote on this and only discus and may give recommendations to the Lok Sabha.
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The Lok Sabha may or may not accept the recommendations. In any case the Rajya Sabha must return the bill to Lok Sabha within 14 days.
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Later the bill is presented to the President for consent.
WHAT ARE THE CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS OF THE BUDGET?
ü The President shall in respect of every financial year cause to be laid before both the
houses of the Parliament a statement of estimated receipts and expenditure of the government of India for that financial year. (This means that the responsibility of presentation of budget lies with the President of India). ü No demand for a grant shall be made except on the recommendation of the President.
ü
No money shall be withdrawn from the consolidated fund of India except under appropriation made by law.
ü
No money bill imposing tax shall be introduced in the Parliament except on the recommendation of the President and such a bill shall not be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.
ü Article 265: No tax shall be levied or collected except by the authority of law.
ü Parliament can reduce or abolish a tax but cannot increase it.
ü The Constitution also provides the relative positions of both the houses of the Parliament
with regard to the enactment of the budget. ü
A money bill or finance bill dealing with taxation cannot be introduced in the Rajya Sabha.
ü A money bill or finance bill must be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
ü The Rajya Sabha has no power to vote on the demand for grants and it is the exclusive
power of the Lok Sabha. ü The Rajya Sabha should return the money bill or finance bill within 14 days. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/01/budget.html#.Us1lu9IW0uc
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ü
The Lok Sabha can either accept or reject the recommendations made by the Rajya Sabha.
ü
The estimates of expenditure embodied in the budget shall show separately the expenditure charged on the Consolidated Fund of India and the expenditure made from
the Consolidated Fund of India. ü The budget shall distinguish expenditure on revenue account from the other expenditure.
THE EXPENDITURE IS OF TWO TYPES. ·
Expenditure charged.
·
Expenditure Made.
IN SIMPLE TERMS the charged expenditure includes
ü Emoluments and allowances of the President and other expenditure
related his office. ü The Salaries and allowances of
The debt charges for which the government of India is liable, including interest, sinking fund charges and other expenditure relating to the raising of the loans and the service and redemption of debt.
ü Any sum required to satisfy any judgment, decree, award of any
court or tribunal. ü
Any other expenditure declared by the Parliament to be so charged.
WHAT IS EXPENDITURE MADE? ü This part of the expenditure is discussed and voted by
the Parliament.
STAGES IN THE ENACTMENT OF THE BUDGET: ü There are few steps or stages that the budget should go through before it becomes an act.
ü At the end of the discussion the Finance Minister gives the reply.
NOTE: After the general discussion the house is adjourned for 3 to 4 weeks. During this
time the budget is examined by the 24 standing committees of the Parliament. And the committees submit the report to the Parliament. VOTING ON DEMAND FOR GRANTS:
ü This is the third step in the enactment of the budget.
WHAT IS A DEMAND?
·
Demand is a proposal.
·
As we already discussed there are 109 demands in the general budget and 32 demands in the railway budget.
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A demand becomes a grant after it is duly voted. Hence each demand is presented, discussed and voted to make it a grant.
ü The voting on demand for grants takes place only in the Lok Sabha.
ü 26 days are allotted for the voting on demand for grants.
ü The voting is confined only to the ‘Expenditure Made” part of the budget.
ü NOTE: In the previous page it is explained what is ‘Expenditure made’ and ‘Charged
expenditure’. ü EXPENDITURE MADE: This is discussed and voted.
ü All cut motions are introduced only during the voting on demand for grants.
ü The cut motions are introduced, if the Speaker accepts them.
ü The cut motions are generally introduced by the members of the opposition parties.
ü Since the government enjoys the majority in Lok Sabha the cut motions are not passed.
ü If the cut motions are passed in the Lok Sabha that is an expression of no confidence on
the government. ü If a cut motion is passes the government must resign.
POLICY CUT:
ü This is the disapproval of the policy underlying the demand.
ü If the policy cut is passed the total amount of the demand is reduced to Rs. 1/- (One
Rupee).
ECONOMY CUT:
ü The economy cut is not against the policy but against the amount.
ü If the economy cut is passed the total amount of the demand is reduced by specified
amount.
TOKEN CUT:
ü The token cut is also called nominal cut. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/01/budget.html#.Us1lu9IW0uc
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ü This is just to express the grievance of the members against a demand.
ü If the token cut is passed the amount of the demand is reduced by Rs. 100/- (hundred
only).
QUICK REVIEW:
ü POLICY CUT: The total amount is reduced to Rs.
1/ü ECONOMY CUT: The total amount is reduced by
specified amount. ü TOKEN CUT: The total amount is reduced by Rs.
100/-
Note: As we know the budget contains two parts Income and expenditure. The income
and expenditure are presented, discussed and passed separately in the form of 2 different bills, Appropriation (expenditure) bill and finance (Income) bill. These two bills form 4th and 5th steps in the enactment of the budget.
CONSIDERATION AND PASSING THE APPROPRIATION (EXPENDITURE) BILL:
ü This is the 4th stage of the budget.
ü The appropriation bill meant for the getting the approval for the expenditure out of the
consolidated fund of India. ü All the demands that are discussed and voted during the voting on demand for grants are http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/01/budget.html#.Us1lu9IW0uc
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put together in the form of a bill and is called the appropriation bill. ü The appropriation bill contains
·
The grants voted by the Lok Sabha
·
The expenditure charged on the consolidated fund of India.
ü No changes can be proposed to the appropriation bill.
ü
The appropriation bill is not discussed as the discussion is already completed during voting on demand for grants.
ü The Appropriation is bill is voted.
ü Please read this point with more focus to get clarity : During the voting on demand for
grants all the demands are voted separately and not in the form of a bill. Hence all the demands put together and is called the appropriation bill. This is presented and is voted in Lok Sabha. ü After the appropriation bill is passed in the Lok sabha, the bill is forwarded to the Rajya
Sabha. ü The Rajya Sabha has no power to vote the appropriation bill.
ü The Rajya Sabha can discuss the appropriation bill and send recommendations if any
to the Lok sabha. ü The Lok Sabha may or may not accept the recommendations.
ü The Rajya Sabha must return the appropriation bill to the Lok Sabha within 14 days.
ü The Appropriation bill is then forwarded to the President.
ü The President cannot send back the appropriation bill for reconsideration.
ü The President must give the assent. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/01/budget.html#.Us1lu9IW0uc
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ü The appropriation bill becomes appropriation act.
CONSIDERATION AND PASSING THE FINANCE BILL: th ü This is the 5 and final stage in the enactment of the budget.
ü Tax proposals are mentioned in the Finance bill.
ü The Finance bill is subjected to all the conditions applicable to Appropriation bill.
ü The Finance bill must be enacted within 75 days.
ü The Finance bill is also introduced first in the Lok Sabha.
ü The changes are permitted in the Finance bill.
ü The Parliament can demand for the reduction or abolition of a tax.
ü The Parliament cannot demand for the increase of a tax.
ü After it is passed in Lok Sabha the finance bill is forwarded to the Rajya Sabha.
ü The Rajya Sabha must return the bill within 14 days.
ü The Finance Bill is forwarded to the president.
ü The President cannot send back the Finance bill for reconsideration.
ü With the assent of the President the Finance Bill becomes the Finance Act .
ü This gives the effect to the financial proposals of the government of India.
VOTE ON ACCOUNT: ü This is mentioned under Article 116 of the Indian Constitution
ü Vote on Account is an advance granted in respect to the estimated expenditure for a
part of the financial year, pending the completion of the voting of the demands for grants and enactment of the appropriation bill. ü As we know that the financial year in India begins on April 1 and ends on March 31.
ü The expenditure and tax collection of a particular financial year must take place during
this period only. ü But, starting from the day of introduction of the budget in the Parliament (last working
day of February) by the time it becomes Act, it goes on till the end of the April. ü Note: The Financial year begins on April 1.
ü The government needs money to carry on its activities after March 31.
ü Please Note: The previous year money if it is available also it cannot be used because of
the Rule of Lapse.
WHAT IS RULE OF LAPSE?
The money which is allotted for a particular financial year should used only during that financial year only.
ü
The Vote on account is passed by the Lok Sabha after the completion of general discussion.
ü The vote on account is granted for 2 months.
th ü The vote on account is equivalent to 1/6 of the total estimation. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/01/budget.html#.Us1lu9IW0uc
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Note:
There are various other grants made by the
parliament from time to time. This also may not be the part of budget.
ü Vote of Credit
ü Supplementary grant
ü Additional grant
ü Excess grant
ü Exceptional grant
ü Token grant
VOTE OF CREDIT:
ü This is mentioned under Article 116 of the Indian Constitution
ü The vote of credit is like a blank cheque.
ü The vote of credit is granted for meeting the unforeseen demand.
ü This is related to the service of an indefinite character.
SUPPLEMENTARY GRANT:
ü This is mentioned under Article 115 of the Indian Constitution.
ü This is granted when the amount authorized by the Parliament through the appropriation
act for a particular service for the current financial year is found to be insufficient for that year.
ADDITIONAL GRANT:
ü This is mentioned under Article 115 of the Indian Constitution
ü This is granted for the new service during the current financial year.
ü This new service is not a part of the budget of that financial year.
EXCESS GRANT:
ü This is mentioned under Article 115 of the Indian Constitution.
ü
The excess grant is made when the money has been spent on any service during a financial year in excess of the amount granted for that service in the budget for that year.
ü The excess grant is voted by the Lok Sabha after the financial year.
ü The excess grant must be approved by the Public Accounts Committee.
EXCEPTIONAL GRANT:
ü This is mentioned under Article 116 of the Indian Constitution
ü The exceptional grant is not a part of the current financial year service.
ü The token grant is meant for transfer of funds from one head to the other.
ü This is called re-appropriation.
ü The token grant involves no additional expenditure.
VARIOUS TYPE OF FUNDS UNDER THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
ü The Constitution of India provides for the three kinds of funds.
ü They are ·
Consolidated Fund of India
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Article 266
·
Public Accounts of India
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Article 266
·
Contingency Fund of India
-
Article 267
CONSOLIDATED FUND OF INDIA: ü
No money out of the Consolidated Fund of India can be appropriated except in accordance with a Parliamentary law.
ü
The Consolidated fund of India is mentioned under Article 266 of the Indian Constitution.
ü All receipts are credited to the Consolidated Fund of India.
ü All the payments are debited from the Consolidated Fund of India.
ü Note: All expenditure is drawn and Income is deposited to the Consolidated Fund of http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/01/budget.html#.Us1lu9IW0uc
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India. ü What forms the Consolidated Fund?
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All revenues received by the government of India. All loans raised by the government of India by the issue of treasury bills, loans or ways means of advances.
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All money received by the government of India in repayment of loans.
CONTINGENCY FUND OF INDIA: ü Note: Contingency means emergency.
ü The Contingency of India is mentioned under Article 267 of the Indian Constitution.
ü The amounts determined by the Parliament by law paid from time to time.
ü The Contingency fund of India is placed at the disposal of the President.
ü The President of India can make advances out of Contingency Fund of India to meet
unforeseen expenditure pending its authorization by the Parliament.
