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KALYAN SIR: TR ANSPORTATION
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TRANSPORTATION
KALYANSIR.COM
ROADWAYS: ü Sher Shah Suri Suri Marg (GT (GT Road) connects connect s Amritsar Amritsar to Calcutta. ü The first first serious attempt to develop roadways was made in 1943 with Nagpur Plan.
‘Twenty Year Year Road Plan’ was was drawn which increased the road length length from ü In 1961 ‘Twenty 6.56 lakh km to 10.60 lakh km. Classification of Roads
National Highways ü
The natural highways highways are constructed and maintained maintained by CPWED (Central Public Public Works Department) interstate and strategic movements movements and connect the state capitals. ü These are for interstate ü They carry nearby 40 % of the road traffic in India. ü Total length length is 42,000 km.
STATE STAT E HIGHWAYS ü The state highways highways are constructed and maintained by state state governments. ü They connect the state capital with district district headquarters. ü Total length length is is 1, 50,000 (approx) in in India http://www.kalyansi r .net/2014/07/tr anspor tati on.html
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DISTRICT HIGHWAYS ü The construction and maintenance is the responsibility of Zilla Parishad. ü They connect district headquarters with Tehsils and Blocks ü Total length is 6, 50,528 km.
VILLAGE ROADS ü
The construction and maintenance of village roads is the responsibility of village Panchayats.
ü These roads connects the village with neighboring towns. ü Total length is 14, 55,896 km.
NEW NATIONAL HIGHWAYS N.H.
Len. km.
State
NH-81
100
Bihar, W.Bangal
NH-82
130
Bihar
NH-83
130
Bihar
NH -84
60
Bihar
NH-85
95
Bihar
NH-86
360
U.P. , M.P.
NH-87
83
U.P.
NH-88
115
Himachal Pradesh
NH-89
300
Rajasthan
NH-152
40
Assam
NH-212
250
Kerala, Karnataka
NH-213
130
Kerala
NH-214
270
Andhra Pradesh
NH-215
348
Orissa
Total
2411
IMPORTANT NATIONAL HIGHWAYS: No. 1.
New Delhi - Ambala - Jalandhar - Amritsar.
No.2.
Delhi - Mathura - Agra - Kanpur - Allahabad - Varanasi - Calcutta.
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No.3.
Agra - Gwalior - Nasik - Bombay
No.4.
Thana and Madras Via Pune and Belgaum
No. 5.
Calcutta and Madras
No.6.
Calcutta - Dhule
No. 7
Varanasi - Kanyakumari
No.8.
Delhi - Bombay (Via Jaipur, Baroda and Ahmedabad)
No.9.
Bombay - Vijayawada
No. 10.
Delhi - Fazilka
No.11.
Jaipur - Bikaner
No.22.
Ambala - Kalka - Shimla - Rampur - Chini (Indo - Tibet Border)
No.24.
Delhi - Bareilly - Lucknow
*The National highways No –7 is the longest high way of India.
THE PLAN OF SUPER NATIONAL HIGHWAYS:
ü After the Natinal Highways, there is a plan under the consideration of Central Road
Transport Ministry to create Super National Highways. ü These Super National Highways of about 14,000 km length. ü Through this there is a plan to link big sea ports of the country with important cities. ü In the construction of these Highways, the role of Private Sector will be important. ü This will be done on the basis of BOT (Build Operate Transfer) by P rivate Sector. ü The Government of India has received 22 feasibility reports for the building of Super
National Highways and the estimated cost is about Rs. 1,50,000 crore. ü Out of these, 10 proposals have come from multinational companies. ü After the amendment in clause 9 of National Highway ordinance 1956, the Rajya Sabha
passed the National Highway (Amendment) Act 1997 on March 11, 1997 through voice vote. ü
This gave the right to the central government of enacting laws regarding the land acquisition for the development of National Highways.
ü The National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) was constituted under the National http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/07/transportation.html
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Highway Authority of India Act 1988 and was made operational in February 1995. ü Initially it was entrusted with the task of implementing five externally aided National
Highway improvement projects. ü Subsequently it has been mandated to implement the National Highways Development
Project (NHDP) comprising 4/6 laning of 13252 km. of national highways having two components. ü
The Golden Quadrilateral connecting four metropolitan cities of Delhi,Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata (5952 km) and
ü (b). North - South and East - West corridors (7300 km), connecting Srinagar to Kanya
Kumari and sileher to Saurashtra respectively and Salem to Cochin. RAILWAYS:
ü Trains are the most important means of transport. ü They account for nearly 3/5th of the passenger traffic in India. ü This also accounts 4/5th of the freight traffic in India. ü Indian railways system is the largest in Asia. ü Indian railway system is fourth largest in the world. ü This is the biggest departmental public undertaking in the country. ü It is also the world’s second largest railway system under a single management. ü The first train in India steamed off from Bombay to Thane, a stretch of 34 km. in 1853. ü The network of railways has increased up to 62,809 km. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/07/transportation.html
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ü The Indian railways operate in three different gauges. ü Broad Gauge ü Metre Gauge ü Narrow Gauge
ü The broad gauge accounts for nearly 50 % of the traffic followed by meter gauge 43 %
of the total route length. ü The total route - length of the Indian Railways is about 63,000 km.
ü Railways are divided into 16 zones, headed by a General Manager who is responsible to
the Railway Board for operation, maintenance and financial matters. ü Out of the 16 zones Northern Railways is the longest with a length of 10,995 km.
CONTAINER SERVICE: ü Indian Railways has introduced a new marketing strategy of Container services in 1980
with 7 container depots which in 1996 have expanded to 32 locations. ü The Container Corporation of India (CONCOR), a public sector undertaking provide
door to door services for domestic users, transportation in bulk for small customers and international transport in International standards organization (ISO) containers.
KONKAN RAILWAY PLAN:
ü In March 1990, the Konkan Railway Plan was started to provide a link by the shortest rail
route between the states of Goa, Maharashtra, and Karnataka. ü This includes, the 760 km distance between Apta and Mangalore. ü
The Registration of Konkan Rail Corporation was made on 26 July, 1990 under the
company act. ü 51 % share equity of the corporation belongs to Indian Railways. ü The Konkan Railway Project has been completed on January 26, 1998. ü
The rail traffic has been started between Roha (Maharashtra) and Mangalore (Karnataka). Konkan Railways ensures maximum speed of 160 km per hour.
RAILWAY ZONE HEADQUARTERS
-
ü Central Mumbai, Victoria terminus http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/07/transportation.html
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ü Eastern
Calcutta
ü Northern New Delhi ü North Estern ü
Gorakhpur
North –East-Frontier Maligaon - Guwahati
ü Southern Chennai ü South Central
Secunderabad
ü South Eastern
Calcutta
ü Western Mumbai - Churchgate ü East Cost
- Bhubaneswar
ü East Central - Hajipur ü North Cental -
Allahabad
ü North Western
Jaipur
ü
South Western
Bangalore
(Hubli) ü West Central
Jabalpur
ü Bilaspur - Bilaspur
AIR TRANSPORT:
The international airports in India. ü Indira Gandhi International Air port
-
New Delhi
ü Amritsar International Air port
-
Amritsar
ü Lokpriya Gopinath Bordolio International Air Port
-
Guwahati
ü Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Air port
-
Ahmadabad
ü Netaji Subash Chandra Bose International Air port -
Kolkata
ü Chatrapati Shivaji International Air port
-
Mumbai
ü Goa Air port
-
Vasco da Gama
-
Hyderabad
ü Rajiv Gandhi International Airport ü Chennai International Airport
-
Chennai
ü Bangalore International Airport
-
Bangalore
ü Cochin international Airport
-
Cochin
ü Trivendram International Airport
-
Tiruvanantapuram
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Previous names of some of the international Airports: v New Delhi
– Palam
v Kolkata
- Dum Dum
v Mumbai
- Santa Cruz
v Chennai
- Meenambakam
AIR INDIA:
ü Air India was established in the year 1953. ü Air India has bilateral air services agreement with more than 100 countries in the World.
INDIAN AIRLINES: ü The Indian Air line was established in 1953.
PAWAN HANS LIMITED:
ü This is basically meant for providing helicopter support services to oil sector, hill station
and remote areas. ü It also provides air support services to several customers which includes ONGC, Punjab, M.P., Lakshadweep Administration, GAIL, BSF and also caters to private sector. PRIVATE AIR TAXI: ü The liberalization process in civil aviation took wing in April 1990 with the cargo open
skies policies. ü The Air Corporation Act, 1953 was repealed on March 1, 1994. ü
This put an end to the monopoly of Indian Airlines, Air India and Vayudoot over
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scheduled air transport services. WATER TRANSPORT: ü This is the most efficient, least costly and environment friendly means of transportation. ü The total length of navigable water ways in India comprising rivers, canals, backwaters,
crecks, etc. is 14,500 km. ü Out of the total navigable water ways 3700 km is navigable by mechanized boats. ü
India has a net of 4300 navigable canals out of which only 900 km is navigable by mechanized boats.
PORTS: ü India has a long coastline in the Indian Ocean. ü India has 11 major and 139 medium and small ports. ü There are 12 major ports handling 90 % of the cargo
MUMBAI:
ü This is a natural harbour. ü This is located on the western coast of India. ü Mineral oil that is imported from South West Asia is received here. ü Most of the foreign trade with Western countries and East African countries takes place
on the west coast. ü This is the biggest port in India ü Another port Nhava Sheva is developed to relieve the pressure on Mumbai port.
KANDLA: ü This is a tidal port. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/07/transportation.html
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ü This is the first free port in India. ü This is located on the eastern end of Rann of Kutch ü From here the export of Crude oil, fertilizer, salt, foodgrain, cotton, cement takes place. ü It was created out of compulsion since Karachi port went to Pakistan after partition.
MARMUGAO: ü This is on the coast of Goa. ü This is also a natural port. ü Iron ore is exported from Goa. ü It occupies fifth position in handling the traffic.
NEW MANGALORE ü This is on the coast of Karnataka. ü From here the export of iron ore from Kudramukh mines takes place. ü It handles the import of fertilizer edible oil, petroleum products.
KOCHI: ü This is also a natural harbour. ü This forms at the backwaters of Kerala coast. ü From here the export of tea, coffee, spices, cashew, etc takes place. ü Sheltered backwater bay ü The import of petroleum for Kochi refinery also takes place here.
TUTICORIN: ü This is located at the coast of Tamil Nadu. ü This handles coal, food grains, edible oil, sugar and petro products. ü This is developed in the recent times.
CHENNAI ü This is an artificial harbour. ü This is located on the east coast in the state of Tamil Nadu. ü It handles petroleum products, mineral oil and iron ore. ü This is the oldest port in India. ü The lesser depth of water and tropical cyclones makes it impossible sometime. http://www.kalyansir.net/2014/07/transportation.html
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VISAKHAPATNAM: ü This is located on the eastern coast along Andhra Pradesh. ü This is naturally deep water and protected. ü The export of Crude oil, petroleum product, iron ore takes place. ü It is the deepest land locked and protected port.
PARADEEP: ü This is located on the Odisha coast. ü It has capacity of handling 6.05 million tonnes.
KOLKATA ü This is a riverine port. ü This is an Inland location on Hoogli River. ü Goods from South east, Australia and New – Zealand are imported here. ü This is a Tidal port. ü The Kolkata port suffers from problem of silting.
HALDIA:
This is located on Hooghli. This is meant for releasing congestion at Kolkata port.
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