PENGUKUR PENG UKURAN AN SIPAT SIPAT DATAR DATAR Oleh Tonny
(160404074)
Farhan Zah Zahary
(16040406)
!a"#er !a"#er Kr#$%an%o (16040407&)
Abstrak
Dala' en*+*ran $#a% ,a%ar ,#erl*+an ala% *+*r ,an ala%-ala% la#nnya yan 'en,*+*n en*+*ran. Pen*+*ran $#a% ,a%ar *'*'nya /er%**an 'en*+*r /e,a %#n# an%ara %#%#+%#%#+ %#%#+ %er%e %er%en% n%*. *. Dala' Dala' en en*+ *+*r *ran anny nyaa /#$a /#$a %era %era,# ,# +e$al +e$alah ahan an-+e -+e$al $alah ahan an %er%e %er%en% n%* * yan yan ,#$e/a/+an oleh en*+*r 'a**n ala%nya $en,#r#. Pen*+*ran $#a% ,a%ar 'en*na+an 'e%o,e +e%#n#an.
1. Pend nda ahu hulu luan an e%o,e $#a% ,a%ar o%#$ a,alah ro$e$
enen%*an +e%#n#an ,ar# $e*'lah %#%# %#%#+ +
a%a* a%a*
en en*+*r *+*ran an
er/ er/e,aa e,aan n
5e/eraa #$%#lah yan ,#*na+an ,ala' en*+*ran
ala%
$#a%
,a%ar
Per/ Per/e, e,aan aan yan yan ,#'a ,#'a+$ +$*, *,
,#an%aranya 1. Stasion a,alah a,alah %#%#+ %#%#+ ,#'ana ,#'ana ra'/* ra'/*
a,alah er/e,aan er/e,aan %#n# ,# a%a$ a#r la*%
*+*r *+*r ,#%e ,#%ea+ a++a +an n /*+a /*+an n %e'a %e'a%% ala% ala%
+e $*a%* %#%#+ %er%en%* $eanan ar#$
$#a% $#a% ,a%ar ,a%ar ,#%e' ,#%e'a%+ a%+an. an. Te%a# e%a# a,a a,a
"er%#+al. Per/e,aan %#n# an%ara %#%#+ -
en*+*ran hor#8on%al $%a$#on a,alah
%#%#+ %#%#+ a+an a+an ,aa ,aa%% ,#%e ,#%en% n%*+ *+an an ,en ,enan an
%#%#+ %e'a% /er,#r# ala%. 9. Tinggi alat a,alah %#n# ar#$ /#,#+
ele"a ele"a$# $#..
ar# ar#$
$*'/*
a,a
e$a2 $a2a%
yan an
,#%*n*+an a,a ra'/* yan "er%#+al. T**an ,ar# en*+*ran eny#a% ,a%ar a,alah 'en3ar# /e,a %#n# an%ara ,*a %#%#+ yan ,#*+*r. #$alnya /*'# /*'# 'e' 'e'*n *nya ya##
er' er'*+ *+aan aan
+e%# +e%#n n# #an an
,# a%a$ %anah ,#'ana ala% $#a% ,a%ar ,#,#r#+an. Tinggi gi gari gariss bidi bidik k a,alah :. Ting a,alah %#n# %#n# ar#$ ar#$ /#,# /#,#+ + ,# a%a$ a%a$ /#,a /#,an n re;ere re;eren$ n$## +e%#n +e%#n#a #an n (er'* (er'*+aan +aan a#r la*% la*% ra%ara%a-
yan yan %#,a %#,a+ + $a'a $a'a a%a* a%a* 'e' 'e'*n *ny ya#
ra%a) Pengukura uran n ke belaka belakang ng a,alah 4. Penguk
$el#$#h $el#$#h %#n# %#n#.. Aa/# Aa/#la la $el#$#h $el#$#h %#n# %#n#
en*+*ran +e ra'/* yan ,#%ea+an
,ar# ,ar# ,*a ,*a /*ah /*ah %#%#+ %#%#+ ,aa ,aa%% ,#+e ,#+e%ah %ah*# *#
,#
'a+a %#n# %#%#+ +e,*a ,an $e%er*$nya $e%er*$nya
+e%# +e%#n n# #an anny nya a
,aa ,aa%% ,#h# ,#h#%* %*n n $e%ela $e%elah h %#%#+ %#%#+ er% er%a' a'aa
'en 'ene% e%ah ah*# *#
,#+e%ah*# %#n#nya.
Ra'/*nya ,#$e/*% ra'/* /ela+an.
$%a$#on
yan
,#+e%ah*#
'a+$* a+$*,n ,ny ya
%#n %#n# #ny nyaa
ar# ar#$$
*n%* *n%*+ + /#,# /#,#+. +.
&. Pengukuran
muka a,alah
<. Seksi a,alah ara+ an%ara ,*a $%a$#on
en*+*ran +e ra'/* yan ,#%ea+an
yan /er,e+a%an yan $er#n *la
,#
,#$e/*% $la.
ke
$%a$#on
yan
+e%#n#annya
,#+e%ah*#
'a+$*,nya
*n%*+ /#,#+.
2. Tinjauan Pustaka e%o,e $#a% ,a%ar r#n$#nya a,alah
Ra'/*nya ,#$e/*% ra'/* '*+a. 6. Titik putar (turning point) a,alah
en*+*r %#n# /#,#+ ala% $#a% ,a%ar
'ene%ah*#
$%a$#on
%#n#nya
,#'ana
ar#$
en*+*ran
+e
/ela+an ,an +e'*+a ,#la+*+an a,a ra'/* yan ,#%ea+an ,# $%a$#on
o%#$ ,# laanan 'en*na+an ra'/* *+*r. =#na $aa% #n# en*+*ran /e,a %#n# ,enan 'en*na+an 'e%o,e $#a% ,a%ar
%er$e/*%. 7. Stasion
antara
(intermediate
3ara en*+*ran /e,a %#n# yan
stasion) a,alah %#%#+ an%ara ,*a %#%#+
al#n
*%ar
+eran+a
,#'ana
hanya
en*+*ran
+e
'enen%*+an
+e%#n#an
%er$e/*%.
'*+a
,#la+*+an *n%*+ $%a$#on
o%#$ 'a$#h 'er*a+an
%el#%#.
,#nya%a+an %er/e$ar
Seh#na
,a$ar
+e%el#%#an
"er%#+al
(KD>)
$e/aa#
/a%a$
hara
er/e,aan
%#n#
ha$#l
en*+*ran $#a%
,a%ar
er# ,an
*lan.
3. Pembahasan S#a% ,a%ar a,alah $*a%* ala% *+*r yan ,#*na+an *n%*+ 'en,aa%+an /e,a %#n#
an%ara ,*a %e'a% a%a* le/#h ,# laanan ,enan 3ara 'e'/a3a $+ala a,a ra'/* "er%#+al yan %ea% /erh#'#% a,a o$#$# ar#$ /#,#+ hor#8on%al. a+$*, en*+*ran %#n# a,alah 'enen%*+an /e,a %#n# an%ara ,*a %#%#+. 5e,a %#n# h ,#+e%ah*# an%ara ,*a %#%#+ a ,an / $e,an %#n# %#%#+ A ,#+e%ah*# $a'a ,enan =a ,an %#%#+ 5 le/#h %#n# ,ar# %#%#+ A 'a+a %#n# %#%#+ 5 =/ ? =a @ h yan ,#ar%#+an ,enan /e,a %#n# an%ara %#%#+ A 3lan %#%#+ 5 a,alah ara+ an%ara ,*a /#,an n#"o yan 'elal*# %#%#+ A ,an 5. U'*'nya /#,an n#"o a,alah /#,an yan len+*n %e%a# /#la ara+ an%ara %#%#+-%#%#+ A ,an 5 ,aa% ,#ana $e/aa# 5#,an yan 'en,a%ar.
T#n# %#%#+ er%a'a ( h1) ,aa% ,# ,e;#n#$#+an $e/aa# +oor,ona% lo+al a%a **n %er#+a% ,enan %#%#+ yan la#n yan %elah ,#+e%ah*# %#n#nya $e,an+an $el#$#h %#n# a%a* le/#h ,# +enal ,enan /e,a %#n# ( h ) ,aa% ,#+e%ah*#,#*+*r ,enan 'en*na+an r#n$# $#a% ,a%ar.
!an 'ena,# 'a$alah ,ala' en*+*ran /e,a %#n# #n# a,alah ena'/#lan enen%*an re;eren$# a2alnya. Aa/#la e%a yan ,# #n#n+an %er$e/*% hanya /eror#en%a$# a,a +e%#n#an $e%e'a% $aa %ana 'e'erha%#+an or#en%a$# %#n# yan 'enyel*r*h 'a+a %#%#+ nol ,aa% ,##l#h $e'/aranan.
Tujuan Pengukuran Sipat Datar 1. Tujuan Intruksional mum
aha$#$2a 'a'* 'e'aha'# 'en,e$+r#$#+an ,an 'enal#+a$#+an /er/aa# 'e%o,e en*+*ran /e,a %#n# ,enan e$a2a% eny#a% ,a%ar a,a ra+%#+ en*+*ran ,an e'e%aan #l'* *+*r %anah. 2. Tujuan Instruksi !husus
1. aha$#$2a 'a'* 'ela+*+an $*r"e# +e laanan /er+enaan ,enan %*a$ yan ,#/er#+an. 9. aha$#$2a ,aa% 'enen%*+an le%a+ a%o+-a%o+ en*+*ran ,an en+on,#$#an ,ala' *'lah $la yan ena. :. aha$#$2a 'a'* 'e'a%o+ ren3ana e'a%o+an #%* ,# laanan. 4. aha$#$2a 'a'* 'ene%enah+an ele'/*n n#"o ,enan 3ara 'enera++an 9 $+r* +a+# +#a +e ,ala' a%a* +el*ar $aa ,an 'enera++an 9 $e+r* +a+# +#a +e +anan a%a* +e +#r# $aa ,#la+*+an $e3ara #n%era+%#; $eh#na ele'/*n n#"o #%* /enar-/enar ,# %enah ,#ana /ah2a ar#$ /#,#+ $eaar ,enan ele'/*n n#"o. &.
aha$#$2a 'a'* 'ela+*+an en*+*ran +e$alahan ar#$ /#,#+ ,enan
+e,*,*+an ala% a,a $%an, 1 ,an $%an, 9 ,# 'ana r*'*$ +e$alahan ar#$ /#,#+ a,alah (/enan %enah /ela+an $%an, 1 B /enan %enah '*+a 1) - (/enan %enah /ela+an $%an, 9 - /enan %enah '*+a $%an, 9) (ara+ /ela+an $%an, 1 - ara+ '*+a $%an, 1) (ara+ /ela+an $%an, 9 - ara+ '*+a $%an, 9). 6. aha$#$2a 'a'* 'en,#r#+an ala% a,a $la 1 ,an $la-$la $elan*%nya yan le%a+nya +#ra-+#ra ,# %enah an%ara ,*a ra'/* $er%a 'a'* 'e'/a3a /enan a%a$ %enah ,an /a2ah ra'/* /ela+an /enan a%a$ %enah ,an /a2ah ra'/* '*+a ,an ara+ '*+a ,an ara+ /ela+an.
"etode Penghitungan #eda Tinggi
Penh#%*nan /e,a %#n# an%ara ,*a %#%#+ yan ,#*+*r ,enan 2a%era$$ ,aa% ,#h#%*n ,enan r*'*$
C= ? 5T5 B 5T Ke%eranan 5T5 5enan %enah /ela+an 5T 5enan %enah '*+a
Alat kur Sipat Datar $ptis a. Dump% le&el (t%pe kekar)
Pa,a %#e #n# $*'/* %ea+ 'ena,# $a%* ,enan %eroon. Se'*a /a#an a,a ala% $#a% ,a%ar %#e +e+ar a,alah %e%a. N#"o %a/*n /era,a ,# a%a$ %eroon %eroon hanya ,aa% ,#e$er ,enan $*'/* +e$a%* $e/aa# $*'/* *%ar.
Dimana:
1. Teroon.
10. S*'/* +e-1.
9. N#"o %a/*n.
11. To'/ol Fo+*$.
:. Pena%*r N#"o. 4. Pena%*r ,a;ra'a. &. K*n3# =or#8on%al. 6. S+r* K#a 7. Tr#/ra3h. <. Tr#"e%.
. K#a (e"el#n =ea,). b. 'e&ersible le&el (t%pe re&ersi)
Pa,a %#e #n# %eroonnya ,aa% ,#*%ar a,a $*'/* 'e+an#$ ,an ,#$ana oleh /a#an %enah yan 'e'*nya# $*'/* %ea+. Pa,a ala% #n# %eroonnya ,aa% ,#*%ar a,a $*'/* 'e+an#$ ,an ,#$ana oleh /a#an %enah yan 'e'*nya# $*'/* %ea+. D# $a'#n #%* %eroon ,aa% ,#*n+#% ,enan $+r* (no 1:) $eh#na ar#$ /#,#+ ,aa% 'enarah +e a%a$ +e /a2ah 'a**n 'en,a%ar. S*'/* 'e+an#$ ,#$a'#n $e/aa# $*'/* *#%ar %eroon 'er*a+an ar#$ enolon *n%*+ 'e'/*a% ar#$ /#,#+ $eaar ,enan ,*a ar#$ *r*$an n#"o re"er$#.
Dimana:
1. Teroon.
. K#a.
9. N#"o Re"er$#.
10. S*'/* +e-1 (S*'/* Tea+).
:. Pena%*r N#"o.
11. To'/ol Fo+*$.
4. Pena%*r D#a;ra'a.
19. Pea$.
&. S+r* Pen*n3# =or#8on%al.
1:. S+r* Pen*n+#% Teroon.
6. S+r* K#a.
14. S+r* Pe'*%ar Teroon.
7. Tr#/ra3h.
1&. S*'/* e+an#$.
<. Tr#"e%.
. Tilting le&el (t%pe jungkit)
Pa,a %#e #n# $*'/* %ea+ ,an %eroon ,#h*/*n+an ,enan en$el ,an $+r* en*n+#%.5er/e,a ,enan %#e re"er$# a,a %#e #n# %eroon ,aa% ,#*n+#% ,enan $+r* en*n+#%.
d. Automati le&el (t%pe $tomatis)
T#e #n# $a'a ,enan %#e +e+ar hanya ,# ,ala' %eroonnya %er,aa% a+a% yan ,#$e/*% +o'en$a%or *n%*+ 'e'/*a% aar ar#$ /#,#+ 'en,a%ar. 5er/e,a ,enan : %#e $e/el*'nya a,a %ye o%o'a%#+ #n# %#,a+ %er,aa% n#"o %a/*n *n%*+ 'en,a%ar+an ar#$ /#,#+ $e/aa# enan%#nya ,# ,ala' %eroon ,#a$an ala% yan ,#na'a+an +o'en$a%or. 5#la /enan $#lan ,#a;ra'a %elah ,#a%*r ,enan /a#+ $#nar 'en,a%ar ,an 'a$*+ 'elal*# *$a% o/e+%# a+an
$elal* a%*h ,ea% ,# %#%#+ o%on /enan $#lan
,#a;ra'a 2ala**n %eroon '#r#n ($e,#+#%).
Denan ,e'#+#an
,enan
,#a$annya +o'en$a%or an%ara len$a o/e+%# ,an ,#a;ra'a ar#$ /#,#+ 'ena,# 'en,a%ar. ala**n ,e'#+#an %ye o%o'a%#+ 'e'*nya# +e+*ranan ya#%* '*,ah ,#enar*h# e%aran +arena $e/aa# +o'en$a%ornya ,#er*na+an $#$%#' en,*l*'.
Dimana:
1.
Teroon.
7. Tr#"e%.
9.
Ko'en$a%or.
<. K#a.
:.
Pena%*r D#a;ra'a.
. To'/ol Fo+*$.
4.
Pen*n3# =or#8on%al.
&.
S+r* K#a.
.
Tr#/ra3h.
!esalahan*!esalahan Pada Sipat*Datar
Ke$alahan-+e$alahan a,a $#a%-,a%ar ,enan 'en*na+an #n$%r*'en $#a% ,a%ar ,#+la$#;#+a$#+an $e/aa# /er#+*% 1. !esalahan Petugas +
A.
D#$e/a/+an oleh o/$er"er 1. Pena%*ran #n$%r*'en $#a% ,a%ar yan %#,a+ $e'*rna (ene'a%an ele'/*n n#"o yan %#,a+ $e'*rna ,an $e/aa#nya). 9. In$%r*'en $#a% ,a%ar %#,a+ ,#%e'a%+an a,a ara+ yan $a'a ,ar# +e,*a ra'/*. :. Ke$alahan e'/a3aan. 4. Ke$alahan en3a%a%an.
5. D#$e/a/+an oleh ra'/* a. Pene'a%an ra'/* yan %#,a+ /e%*l-/e%*l "er%#+al. /.
Ra'/* %#e erananan $eer%# '#$alnya ra'/* So2#%h yan erananannya ,#ra$a+an +*ran $e'*rna.
3.
D#$e/a/+an %er/ena'nya ra'/* +arena %#,a+ ,#%e'a%+an a,a %*'*an yan +era$.
Selan*%nya +e$alahan yan ,#$e/a/+an +e+*ranan-+e+*ranan a,a %an,a-%an,a #n,e+$ ra'/* +arena %#%#+-%#%#+ /al#+ /erno'or ena yan %#,a+ %er$e,#a an%ara ,*a %#%#+ ,aa% ,#ana $e/aa# +e$alahan e'/#,#+. Pa,a $#a% ,a%ar %el#%# $el*r*h ara+ har*$ ,#/a# 'ena,# /a#an-/a#an /er*'lah ena *n%*+ 'enen%*+an %#%#+-%#%#+ /al#+. 2. !esalahan Instrumen + 1. D#$e/a/+an oleh e%*a$ 9. Penye%elan #n$%r*'en $#a% ,a%ar yan %#,a+ $e'*rna (ar#$ +ol#'a$# %#,a+
$eaar ,enan $*'/* n#"e* %a/*n)
,. !esimpulan
e%o,e $#a% ,a%ar o%#$ a,alah ro$e$ enen%*an +e%#n#an ,ar# $e*'lah %#%#+ a%a* en*+*ran er/e,aan ele"a$#. Per/e,aan yan ,#'a+$*, a,alah er/e,aan %#n# ,# a%a$ a#r la*% +e $*a%* %#%#+ %er%en%* $eanan ar#$ "er%#+al. Per/e,aan %#n# an%ara %#%#+ - %#%#+ a+an ,aa% ,#%en%*+an ,enan ar#$ $*'/* a,a e$a2a% yan ,#%*n*+an a,a ra'/* yan "er%#+al. T**an ,ar# en*+*ran eny#a% ,a%ar a,alah 'en3ar# /e,a %#n# an%ara ,*a %#%#+ yan ,#*+*r. Penh#%*nan /e,a %#n# an%ara ,*a %#%#+ yan ,#*+*r ,enan 2a%era$$ ,aa% ,#h#%*n ,enan r*'*$ C= ? 5T 5 B 5T Ke%eranan 5T5 5enan %enah /ela+an 5T 5enan %enah '*+a -. Datar Pustaka
Tree'*$+e%er. 04 are% 901&. PENGUKURAN SIPAT DATAR (ATERPASS). D#eroleh
16
e#
9017
,ar#
h%%%ree'*$+e%er./lo$o%.3o.#,901&0:"-
/eha"#or*rl,e;a*l%"'lo.h%'l. oha'a,r#8+#1:. & No"e'/er 9019. PENGUKURAN SIPAT DATAR . D#eroleh 1& e#
9017
,ar#
h%%'oha'a,r#8+#1:./lo$o%.3o.#,901911en*+*ran-$#a%-
,a%ar.h%'l. on$o%#%ro Soe%o'o. 1<0. Il'* U+*r Tanah. !oya+ar%a Kan#$#*$.
