Judicial Affidavit Rule Annotation - Ulep

A N N O TA TIO N THE HEJUDI CI ALAFFI DAVI TRUL ULEI N RELATI ON TO AFFI DAVI TSTAKE KEN EXPARTE b y MAUR URI CI O C.ULEP* _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ §1.Rati onal ef ort herul e,p.578 §2.Scopeandappl i cat i onoft heRu Rul e,p.579 §3.Judi ci alAffidavi t s are us ed i nl i eu ofdi r ectt es t i mony.Ti me t o submi t ,p.579 §4.Cont ent sofaJudi ci alAffidavi t ,p.580 §5.Taskandl i abi l i t yoft hel awy wyer ,p.581 §6.An affia ffiant wi l l be cr os s exami mi ned on t he bas i s of hi s Judi ci al Affidavi t ,p.581 §7.Oralofferofandobj ect i onst oexhi bi t s, p.582 §8.Therul ei sappl i cabl et ocri mi nalact i ons, p.582 §9.Effect sofnoncomp mpl i ancewi wi t ht heJudi ci alAffidavi tRul e,p.582 §10.Publ i cPr os ecut orswer egi ven an ext ended per i od ofoneyeart o comp mpl ywi wi t ht heJudi ci alAffidavi tRul e,p.583 §11.TheJudi ci alAffidavi tRul ei sappl i cabl et oal lcourt s, p.583 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ * For merAs s oc i at e Dean,UE Col l eg e ofLaw;Pr of es s orofLaw;Aut hor ofLaw Boo ks;f or mer Pr e s i d e nt ,I BPMa ni l aCha pt e rI I I . 577

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THE JUDICIAL AFFIDAVIT RULE IN RELATIONTO AFFIDAVITS AFFIDAVITS TAKEN TAKEN EX PA PARTE

§12.Benefitandadvant ageoft heJudi ci alAffidavi tRul e,p.584 §13. Affidavi tdefined,p.584 §14.Nat ur eofanAffidavi t ,p.584

§15.Thefil i ngofAffidavi tofcompl ai nantand wi t nes s esi smandat ory undert heRul esonSummaryPr oce dur e, p.586 §16.AnAffidavi ti sani nfirm s peci eofevi dence,p.586 §17.I fan affidavi ti si ncons i s t entwi t h at es t i mony,t he l at t er s hal l pr e vai l .Re as o ns ,p.5 86 §18.I ncons i s t enci esbet ween t he affidavi tand a t es t i mony does not ne ce s s ar i l ydi s c r e di tawi t ne s si fi tr e l at e st omi normat t e r s ,p.5 87 §19. Affidavi t s ar e s ubor di nat ed i n i mpor t anc e t o open cour t decl ar at i ons .

Gener al

rul e

and

except i ons ,

p.5 88 §20.An affidavi tmaybes cant yi n det ai l sbuti tmayadmi t t ed i fi twi l l bet es t i fiedonbyt heaffiant ,p.590 §21 .Affidavi t si n ques t i on and ans werf orm prepared bypol i ceoffice r s areusual l ynotcompl et e,p.590 §22.Affidavi t sar enotcons i der ed t hebes tevi dencei ft heaffiant sar e avai l abl e,p.591 §23.I ft heaffianti snotpres ent ed,t heaffidavi ti scl ass i fiedashearsay. Reasons, p.591 §24.Therul et hatanAffidavi ti scons i deredhears ayi snotappl i cabl ei n l aborcases. Reason,p.592 §25.Effecti fan acc us ed i sconvi ct ed bas ed onl y on an Affidavi tofa wi t ne s s ,p.5 92 §26.Mer eaffidavi t sar enots uffici entt ograntbai l ,p.592 §27.Affidavi tofdi s i nt eres t ed pers onsi n ordert oprovebi rt hi snotan adequat eproof ,p.593 578

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SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED THE JUDICIAL AFFIDAVIT RULE IN RELATIONTO AFFIDAVITS TAKEN EX PARTE

§28.An ext raj udi ci als t at ementoraffidavi ti si nfirm and unre l i abl e,p. 593 §29.Affidavi t sc annotbe r el i ed upon t o annula wi nni ng candi dat e’ s procl amat i oni nel ect i oncases, p.593 §30.AnAffidavi ti snotamodeofacqui r i ngowner s hi pofal and,p.594

§31. Mer eAffidavi ti snots uffici entf ort hei s s uanceofase arc hwarr ant , p.5 94 §32.An affidavi tofacoaccus ed whowass ubsequent l yacqui t t ed may beabas i sf orne wt r i al ,p.5 94 §33.Anaffidavi ti snotsuffici entt oprovefil i at i on,p.595 §34.An affidavi tofpardon i snotcr edi bl ei fi ti snotunders t oodbyt he compl ai nant ,p.595 §35.Omi s s i on ofc er t ai n part i cul arsi n an affidavi twi l lnotes t op an affiantf r om maki nganel aborat i on,p.595 §36.Proceduralaspect ,p.595 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ §1.Rat i onal ef ort herul e The r ea r ef o urma i nr e a s o nsf o rt hee na c t me nto ft heJ ud i c i a lAffida v i tRul e .Thi s i sf o undi ni t swhe r e asc l aus e s ,t owi t : 1 .Ca s ec o ng e s t i o na nd d e l a y spl a g uemo s tc o ur t si nc i t i e sa nd t hes l o wa nd c umb e r s o mea dv e r s a r i a ls y s t e m; 2 .Fo r t ype r c e nt( 4 0%)o fc r i mi na lc a s e sa r ed i s mi s s e dannua l l yo wi ngt ot hef a c t t ha tc o mpl a i na nt ss i mpl ygi v eupc o mi ngt oc o ur ta f t e rr e p e at e dpo s t po ne me nt s ; 579

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THE JUDICIAL AFFIDAVIT RULE IN RELATIONTO AFFIDAVITS TAKEN EX PARTE

3 .Fe wf o r e i g nb us i ne s s me n ma k el o n g t e r m i n v e s t me n t si nt he Phi l i p pi ne s b e c a us ei t sc o ur t sa r euna bl et op r o v i d ea mp l ea nd s p e e d yp r o t e c t i o nt ot he i r i nv e s t me nt s ,ke e pi ngi t sp eo pl epo o r ; and 4 .Tor e d uc et het i mene e de df o rc o mpl e t i ngt h et e s t i mo ni e so fwi t ne s s e si nc a s e s unde rl i t i g at i o n A .( . M.No .1288SCdat e dSe pt e mbe r4,2012) §2.Scopeandappl i cat i onoft heRul e The r u l es h al la ppl yt oa l la c t i o ns ,p r o c e e d i ng sa nd i nc i de ntr e q ui r i ng t he r e c e pt i o no fe v i de nc ebe f o r e :

1 .The Me t r o p o l i t a n Tr i a lCo ur t s ,t he Muni c i p alTr i a lCo ur t si n Ci t i e s ,t he Muni c i pa lTr i a lCo ur t s ,t heMuni c i palCi r c ui tTr i a lCo ur t sa ndt heSha r i ’ aCi r c ui t Co ur t sb uts h al lno ta ppl yt os ma l lc l a i msc a s e sunde rA. M.0 88 7 SC; 2 .TheRe g i o na lTr i a lCo ur t sa ndt heSha r i ’ aDi s t r i c tCo ur t s ; 3 .TheSa nd i g a nb a y an,t heCo ur to fTa xAp pe a l s ,t heCo ur to fAp pe a l s ,a ndt he Shar i ’ aAppe l l a t eCo ur t s ; 4 .Thei n v e s t i g a t i ng o ffic e r sand b o d i e sa ut ho r i z e db yt he Sup r e meCo u r tt o r e c e i v ee v i de nc e , i nc l udi ngt heI nt e gr a t e dBaro ft hePhi l i ppi ne s( I BP) ;and 5 .Thes p e c i a lc o ur t sa nd q ua s i j udi c i a lb o di e s ,who s er u l e so fp r o c e d ur ea r e s u bj e c tt o di s a ppr o v a lo ft he Supr e me Co ur t ,i ns o f a ra st he i re x i s t i ng r u l e so f Se c .1 ,A. M.No .1288SC) pr o c e dur ec o nt r a v e net hepr o v i s i o nso ft her ul e .( §3.Judi ci alAffidavi t s are us ed i nl i eu ofdi r ectt es t i mony.Ti me t o s ubmi t A j udi c i alaffida v i t mus t be s ubmi t t e d fiv e( 5)da y s be f o r et he pr e t r i alo r pr e l i mi nar yc o nf e r e nc eo rt hes c he dul e dhe a r i nge i t he rt hr o u ghpe r s o na ls e r v i c eo r b yl i c e ns e dc o ur i e r . 580

580


I ti s us e di nl i e uo fa d i r e c tt e s t i mo n ya nd t he p ar t i e ss h o ul ds u bmi tt he f o l l o wi ng : ( 1 )Thej udi c i a la ffida v i t soft he i rwi t ne s s e s ,whi c hs ha l lt aket hepl a c eo fs uc h wi t ne s s e s ’ di r e c tt e s t i mo ni e s ;and ( 2)Thepar t i e s ’ do c ume nt ar yo ro bj e c te v i de nc e , i fany ,whi c hs hal lbeat t ac he dt o t hej udi c i alaffida vi t s .( Se c .2 ,A. M.No .1 288 SC) §4.Cont ent sofaJudi ci alAffidavi t Aj udi c i alaffida v i ts hal lbepr e par e di nt hel anguag ekno wnt ot hewi t ne s sand,i f no ti nEng l i s ho rFi l i pi no ,ac c o mpani e db yat r a ns l at i o ni nEng l i s ho rFi l i pi no ,and s hal lc o nt ai nt hef o l l o wi ng: ( a )Thena me ,a ge ,r e s i de nc eo rb us i ne s sa ddr e s s , a ndo c c upa t i o no ft hewi t ne s s ; ( b)The name and addr es so ft he l awye r who c onduc t so rs uper vi s e st he e x a mi na t i o no ft hewi t ne s sa ndt hepl a c ewhe r et hee x a mi na t i o ni sb e i nghe l d;

( c )A s t a t e me ntt ha tt hewi t ne s si sa ns we r i ngt heque s t i o nsa s ke do fhi m,f ul l y c o ns c i o ust ha thedo e ss ounde ro a t h,a ndt ha thema yf a c ec r i mi na ll i a bi l i t yf o r f al s et e s t i mo nyo rpe r j ur y ; ( d)Que s t i o na s k e do ft hewi t ne s sa ndi sc o r r e s p o ndi nga ns we r s ,c o ns e c ut i v e l y number edt hat : ( 1 )S ho wt hec i r c ums t a nc e sund e rwhi c ht hewi t ne s sa c q ui r e dt hef a c t sup o n whi c hhet e s t i fie s ; ( 2 )El i c i tf r o m hi mt ho s ef a c t swhi c ha r er e l e v a ntt ot hei s s ue st ha tt hec a s e pr e s e nt s ; and ( 3 )I de nt i f yt hea t t a c he ddo c ume nt a r ya nd o b j e c te v i d e nc ea nd e s t a bl i s ht he i r a ut he nt i c i t yi nac c o r da nc ewi t ht heRul e so fCo ur t ; 581

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( e )Thes i g na t ur eo ft hewi t ne s so v e rh i sp r i nt e dna me ;a nd ( f )A j ur at wi t ht hes i g na t ur eo ft heno t ar ypub l i cwhoadmi ni s t e r st heo at ho fa n o ffic e rwhoi sa ut ho r i z e db yl a wt oa dmi ni s t e rt hes a me . (Se c .3 ,A. M.No .1 28 8 SC) §5.Taskandl i abi l i t yoft hel awyer Thej udi c i a la ffida v i ts hal lc o n t a i nas wo r na t t e s t a t i o na tt hee nd,e x e c ut e db yt he l a wy e rwhoc o nduc t e do rs upe r v i s e dt hee x ami na t i o no fwi t ne s s e s , t ot hee ffe c tt ha t : ( 1 )Hef a i t hf ul l yr e c o r de do rc a us e dt ober e c o r d e dt heque s t i o nsheas k e da ndt he c o r r e s p o ndi ngans we r st ha tt hewi t ne s sg a v e ;a nd ( 2 )Ne i t he rheno ra nyo t he rp e r s o nt he np r e s e nto ra s s i s t i nghi mc o a c he dt he wi t ne s sr e g ar d i ngt hel at t e r ’ sa ns we r s . A f al s eat t e s t at i o ns hal ls ubj e c tt hel a wy e rme nt i o ne dt odi s c i pl i nar y ac t i o n, i nc l udi ngdi s b a r me nt .( Se c .4 A ,. M.No .1288SC) §6.An affiant wi l l be cr os s exami ned on t he bas i s of hi s Judi ci al Affidavi t The a dv e r s ep ar t ys h a l lha v et he r i g htt oc r o s s e x a mi ne t he wi t ne s so n hi s j udi c i alaffida v i tando nt hee xhi bi t sat t ac he dt ot hes ame .Thepar t ywhopr e s e nt s t hewi t ne s sma yal s oe x a mi nehi ma so nr e d i r e c t .I ne v e r yc a s e ,t hec o u r ts ha l lt a ke ac t i v epar ti ne x ami ni ngt hewi t ne s st ode t e r mi nehi sc r e di bi l i t yaswe l last het r ut h o fhi st e s t i mo nyandt oel i c i tt heans we r st hati tne e dsf o rr e s o l v i ngt hei s s ue s .(Se c . 7, A. M.No .1 28 8 SC)

582

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§7.Oralofferofandobj ect i onst oexhi bi t s Upo nt e r mi na t i o no ft het e s t i mo nyo fhi sl a s twi t ne s s ,apa r t ys ha l li mme di a t e l y ma keano r a lo ffe ro fe v i de nc eo fhi sdo c u me nt ar yo ro bj e c te x hi b i t s ,pi e c eb ypi e c e , i nt he i rc hr o no l o gi c a lo r d er ,s t at i ngt hepur p os eo rp ur p os e sf o rwhi c hheo ffe r st he par t i c ul are xhi bi t( Se c .8 ,A. M.No .1 28 8 SC) . AnAffidavi thasnopr obat i veval ue i fi ti sno tp r es e nt e df o r mal l yi ne vi de nc e . P (e o pl ev .Amo r e s ,58SCRA505[ 1974] ) §8.Therul ei sappl i cabl et ocri mi nalacti ons Ther ul es hal lappl yt oal lc r i mi nalac t i o ns : ( 1 )Whe r et hema x i mum o ft hei mp o s a b l ep e na l t ydo e sno te x c e e ds i xy e a r s ; ( 2)Whe r et heac c us e dagr e e st ot heus eo fj udi c i alaffida vi t s ,i r r e s pe c t i v eoft he pe nal t yi nv o l v e d;o r ( 3)Wi t hr e s pe c tt ot hec i v i las pe c to ft heac t i o ns ,what e v e rt hepe nal t i e si nv o l v e d ar e .( Se c .9,A. M.No .1288SC) §9.Effect sofnoncompl i ancewi t ht heJudi ci alAffidavi tRul e The r ea r et hr e ee ffe c t so fno nc o mp l i a nc ewi t ht heJ ud i c i a lAffid a vi tr ul e .The y ar easf o l l o ws : ( a )A p ar t ywhof a i l st os u bmi tt her e q ui r e dj ud i c i a la ffid av i t sande x hi b i t so n t i mes ha l lb ed e e me dt oha v ewa i v e dt he i rs u b mi s s i o n .Thec o u r t ,ma y ,ho we v e r , a l l o wo nl yo nc et hel at es ub mi s s i o no ft hes a me ,pr o v i de d,t hede l a yi sf o rav al i d r e a s o n,wo ul d no tundul ypr e j ud i c et heo p po s i ngpa r t y ,a nd t hede f a ul t i ngp ar t y pa y safineo fno tl e s st ha nP1 , 0 00 . 0 0no rmo r et ha nP5 , 0 00 . 0 0,a tt hedi s c r e t i o no f t hec o ur t . ( b )Thec o ur ts ha l lno tc o n s i de rt heaffida v i to fa nywi t ne s swhof a i l st oappe a rat t hes c he d ul e dhe a r 583

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i ng o ft hec a s ea sr e q ui r e d .Co uns e lwhof a i l st oa pp e arwi t ho utv a l i dc a us e de s pi t eno t i c es hal lbede e me dt oha v ewai v e dhi sc l i e nt ’ sr i g htt oc o nf r o ntb yc r o s s e x a mi na t i o nt hewi t ne s s e st he r epr e s e n t .

( c )Thec o ur ts ha l lno ta dmi ta se vi de nc ej udi c i a laffida v i t st ha td ono tc o nf o r mt o t hec o nt e ntr e q ui r e me nt so fSe c t i o n3a ndt heat t e s t a t i o nr e q ui r e me nto fSe c t i o n4 a bo v e .Thec o ur t ,ma y ,ho we v e r ,a l l o wo nl yo nc et hes ub s e q ue nts u bmi s s i o no ft he c o mpl a i ntr e p l a c e me nta ffida v i t sbe f o r et hehe a r i ngo rt r i a lpr o v i de dt hede l a yi sf o r av a l i dr e a s o na nd wo u l d no tund ul yp r e j ud i c et heo p p o s i ngp ar t ya nd pr o v i de d f ur t he r ,t ha t pub l i co r pr i v a t ec o uns e lr e s p o ns i b l ef o rt he i r pr e p ar a t i o na nd s u bmi s s i o np a y safineo fno tl e s st ha nP1 , 0 00 . 0 0no rmo r et ha nP5 , 0 00 . 0 0,a tt he di s c r e t i o no ft hec our t . ( Se c .10 ,A. M.No .1 28 8 SC) §10.Publ i cPr os ecut orswer egi ven an ext ended per i od ofoneyeart o compl ywi t ht heJudi ci alAffidavi tRul e OnJanuar y8,2013,t heSupr emeCour E t nBanc i s s ue daRe s o l ut i o nmo d i f y i ng t hepubl i cpr o s e c u t o r s ’ c o mpl i a nc ewi t ht hepr o v i s i o nso ft heJudi c i a lAffida v i tRul e f ora per i od ofone ye ar ,f r om 1 Januar yt o31 Dec ember2013.Thi shasbee n c ompl i ed wi t h( Se eOCA Ci r c ul arNo.052013 dat ed Januar y 10,2013) .I twas f ur t he re x t e nde df o ra no t he ro n eye a r( OCACi r c ul arNo.012014dat e dJanuary2, 2014) .To da y ,pub l i cp r o s e c ut o r sa r eno wb oundt of o l l o wt heJudi c i a lAffida v i tRul e . §11.TheJudi ci alAffidavi tRul ei sappl i cabl et oal lcourt s The J ud i c i a l Affid a v i t Rul ei sa pp l i c a b l et oa l lc o u r t sl i k et he Co u r t of Appe al s ,Sandi ganbay an,Co ur to fTa xAp pe a l s , 584

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Re g i o na lTr i a lCo ur t s ,Me t r o p o l i t a n Tr i a lc o ur t s ,Muni c i pa lTr i a lCo ur t si n Ci t i e s ,Muni c i pa lCi r c ui tTr i a lCo ur t sa ndShar i ’ aCi r c ui tCo ur t s .(OCA Ci r c ul ar No .1062012dat e dOc t o be r15,2012) §12.Benefitandadvant ageoft heJudi ci alAffidavi tRul e Ther ul ei shi g hl yb e ne fic i a la nda dv ant a ge o ust oal i t i g ant .Thi swr i t e ro nc eha d ac l i e nti nape t i t i o nf o ra do pt i o nwhoi sac i t i z e no ft heUni t e dKi ng do m.Be f o r et he he a r i ng ,t hi swr i t e rp r e p a r e da nds u bmi t t e dhi sJud i c i a lAffid a vi ti na dv a nc e .He a r r i v e df r o m Lo ndo na t2 : 0 0o ’ c l o c ki nt hee ar l ymo r n i ng ,hewa sab l et oge to uto f t hea i r p o r ta t3: 0 0o ’ c l o c k,hewa i t e da ta b ur g e rr e s t a ur a ntwhi c hi so p e nf o r t we nt y f o urho ur sne art heHa l lo fJ us t i c e ,t he nhet e s t i fie da t9: 0 0o ’ c l o c ka ndhi s

c r o s s e x a mi na t i o nwa sc o nc l ude daf t e ra nho ur .Heha pp i l yr e t ur n e dt oEng l a ndt he f o l l o wi ngda y . §13 .Affidavi tdefined Affida v i ti s a wr i t t e no r pr i nt e d de c l ar at i o no rs t at e me nt o ff ac t s ,made v o l unt a r i l yandc o nfir me db yt heo a t ho ra ffir ma t i o no ft hepa r t yma ki ngi t ,t a ke n b e f o r eap e r s o nha v i nga ut ho r i t yt oad mi ni s t e rs uc ho a t ho ra ffir ma t i o n.(St at ev . Kni g ht ,2 1 9Ka n.8 6 3) §14 .Nat ur eofanAffidavi t x par t e Affida v i t s ,be i ng t ake ne ,us u al l ya r ei nc o mpl e t ea nd o f t e ni na c c ur a t e , c a us e ds o me t i me sf r o m pa r t i a ls u gg e s t i o ns ,s o me t i me sf o rwa nto fs u gg e s t i o nsa nd i nq ui r i e s ,wi t ho utt he a i do fwhi c h,t he wi t ne s s ma yb e una bl et or e c a l lt he c o nne c t e dc o l l a t e r a lc i r c ums t a nc e s ne c e s s a r yf o rt he c o r r e c t i o n o ft he fir s t s ug ge s t i o no fhi sme mo r y ,andf o rhi sac c ur a t er e c o l l e c t i o no fal lt hatb e l o ng st ot he s ubj e c t . P (e o pl ev .Pac al a,58 SCRA 370[ 197 4 P ] ;e o pl ev .Mur o s,423 SCRA 69 [ 2 0 0 4 ] P ;e o pl ev .De l mi ndo,4 2 9SCRA5 4 6[ 2 0 04 ] Ma ; r t ur i l l as 585

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v .Pe o pl e ,487SCRA 273[ 2006] ;Tat i ngv .Mar c e l l a,519SCRA 79[ 2007] P ;e o pl e v . Co r p uz ,701SCRA493[ 2013] ) Mo r e o v e r ,a ffid a v i t sa r ef r e q u e nt l y no tc o mp l e t er e p r o d uc t i o n so fwha tt he de c l a r a nt sha di nmi nd,c o ns i de r i ngt ha ta ffida v i t sa r ef r e q ue nt l ypr e p ar e db yt he a dmi ni s t e r i ngo ffic e ra ndc a s ti nt hel a t t e r ’ sl a ng uag eo rt hel a t t e r ’ sunde r s t a ndi ng o fwha tt heaffia ntha ds a i d ,whi l et hea ffia ntf r e q u e nt l ys i mp l ys i g nst heaffid a v i t a f t e rt hes a meha sb e e nr e a dt ohi m. P (e o pl ev .Vi l l anue v a,215SCRA22[ 1992] .Se e a l s E o ug e ni ov .Co ur to fAppe al s,239 SCRA 207 [ 1994 P ] ;e o pl ev .Sanc he z ,313 SCRA 25 4[ 19 99 P ] ;e o pl ev .Cue t o,395 SCRA 344 [ 2003 ] ;Pe o p l ev .Bal l e n o,4 08 SCRA 513[ 200 3] ; Pe o p l ev .Ri v e r a,412SCRA 224[ 2003] ;Pe o p l ev .Do mi ng o,556 SCRA788[ 2008] ; Pe o p l ev .Al k o dha,561SCRA696[ 2008] ) I nd e e d ,a ffid a vi t sa r eu s ua l l yno tp r e p a r e db yt hea ffia nthi ms e l fb utb yano t he r whous eshi sown l anguagei nt aki ngdown t heaffiant ’ sst at ementand t her ef or e, t he ymus tb eunde r s t o o dwi t hs o mede g r e eo fl a t i t ude . P (e o pl ev .Pane l a,346SCRA 3 08[ 20 00 L ] ; uc asv .Co ur to fAppe al s,389SCRA 749[ 2002 E ] ; ag l eRi dg eGo l f& Co unt r yCl ubv . Co ur to fAp pe a l s,616SCRA116[ 2010] )

Omi s s i o na ndmi s u nd e r s t a nd i ngb yt hewr i t e ra r ef r e q ue nt ,p ar t i c ul a r l ywhe n t he d i c t a t i o ni sd o nei n ha s t ea nd i mp at i e nc e .The i ri nfir mi t ya se v i d e nc ei sa mat t e ro fj udi c i ale xpe r i e nc e . P (e o pl ev .Mar c e l i no,316SCRA 104[ 1999] P ;e o pl ev . Gar al de ,348SCRA38[ 2000] ) La s t l y , affid a v i t sa r e no te n t i r e l yr e l i a b l ee v i d e nc ei n c o u r td ue t ot he i na c c ur a c i e st ha tma y ha v eo c c ur r e di nt he f o r mul a t i o no ft hes a me P (e o pl ev . Ge g ui r a,328SCRA 11[ 2000] P ;e o pl ev .De l mo,390SCRA 395[ 2002]andt hatt he y ar es e l do mc o ns i de r e da st her e po s i t o r i e so ft r ut h. P (e o pl ev .Nubl a,35 8SCRA 73 5 [ 2 0 0 1 ] ) 586

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§15.Thefil i ngofAffidavi tofcompl ai nantand wi t nes s esi smandat ory undert heRul esonSummar yPr oc edure Thefil i ngo fAffid a v i to ft hec o mp l a i na nta ndwi t ne s s e si sma nd at o r yund e rt he Rul eson Summar y Pr oc edur e.Thepur pos ei st oenabl et hec our tt odet er mi ne whe t he rt odi s mi s st hec a s eo ut r i g hto rt or e q ui r ef ur t he rpr o c e e di ng s . P (l ac e rv . Vi l l anue v a,126SCRA463[ 1983] ) §16.AnAffidavi ti sani nfirm s peci eofevi dence Ge ne r a l l y ,a na ffid a vi ti sno tp r e p a r e db yt hea ffia nthi ms e l f ,b utb yano t he rwho use s hi so wn l anguage i n wr i t i ng t he affiant ’ ss t at ement s . Omi s s i ons and mi s under s t andi ngs by t he wr i t er ar e not i nf r equent par t i c ul ar l y under c i r c ums t a nc e so fhur r yandi mpat i e nc e . Fo rt hi sr e a s o n,t hei nfir mi t yo fa ffida v i t sa s as pe c i eo fe v i de nc ei smuc hamat t e ro fj udi c i ale x pe r i e nc e . P (e o pl ev .Re s a y ag a,54 SCRA 350[ 197 3] ;Pe o p l ev .Mo r i ,55SCRA 382[ 1974] ;Pe o p l ev .Sag un,Jr . ,1 85 SCRA405[ 1990 P ] ;e o pl ev .Pat i l an,197SCRA354[ 1991] ) §17.I fan affidavi ti si ncons i s t entwi t h at es t i mony,t he l at t er s hal l prevai l .Reasons I ft he r ei sa ni nc o ns i s t e nc ybe t we e nt hea ffida v i to fa na ffia nta ndhi st e s t i mo n y , t hel a t t e ri st obegi v e nmo r ewe i g hts i nc e : ( 1 )Affid av i t s ,b e i ngt a ke ne xpar t e ,a r eal mo s ta l wa y si nc o mpl e t eandi na c c ur a t e . P o pl ev . Lo v e r i a, 18 P o pl ev . Car r i ag a, 411 SCRA 40 (e 7 SCRA 47 [ 19 90 ] ;e [ 2 0 0 3 ] F ; uk uz umev .Pe o pl e,474SCRA 570[ 2005] P ;e o pl ev .Se r e nas,62 2SCRA48 5 [ 2 0 1 0 ] ;Ongv .Pe o p l e ,661SCRA104[ 2011] )

( 2 )The c o n t r a di c t i o n ma yb ee x p l a i ne db yt he f a c tt ha ta na ffid a v i tc a nno t di s c l o s et hewho l ef ac t s ,ando f 587

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t e n t i me sa nd wi t ho u td e s i g n, i nc o r r e c t l yd e s c r i b e , wi t ho u tt he d e p o ne n t de t e c t i ng i t ,s o meo ft heo c c ur r e nc e snar r at e d. J ( ac o bov .Co ur to fAppe al s,27 0 SCRA270[ 1997 P ] ;e o pl ev .Be r ana,311SCRA664[ 1999] ) ( 3 )Affid av i t sar eno tc o mp l e t er e p r o d uc t i o nso fwha tt hede c l a r a nth asi nmi nd bec aus et he yar egener al l ypr epar edbyt he admi ni s t er i ngoffic erand t heaffiant s i mp l ys i g nst he ma f t e rt hes a meha v eb e e nr e a dt ohe r . P (e o pl ev .Go ndo r a,265 SCRA408[ 1996] ) P o pl ev .Bani e g a,37 ( 4)The yar et ake nasi nf e r i o rt oc o ur tt e s t i mo ny . (e 7SCRA 1 70[ 2 00 2] ) I nf a c t ,a na ffida v i ti sno tc o n s i de r e dt heb e s te v i de nc ei ft hea ffianti sav ai l a bl e asawi t ne s s P . (e o pl ev .Ma t i l do,230SCRA635[ 1994] ) Ther u l et ha ta na ffid a v i to rs wo r ns t a t e me nti si nf e r i o rt ot e s t i mo n yi no p e n c o ur ta pp l i e so nl ywhe nt he r ea r edi s c r e p anc i e sand i nc o ns i s t e nc i e sbe t we e nt he a l l e g a t i o nsi nt hes wo r ns t a t e me nta ndt ho s ema dei no p e nc o ur t . P (e o pl ev .Rat a, 418SCRA237[ 2003] P ;e o pl ev .Pa j ar o,554SCRA572[ 2008] ) Thet e s t i mo n yo fawi t ne s si no p e nc o u r ta n d hi ss wo r ns t a t e me n tb e f o r et he i nv e s t i g at o r sar eno tf at alde f e c t st hatwo ul dj us t i f yt her e v e r s alo faj udg me nto f Ta r a pa nv . Pe o p l e c o nv i c t i o n.( ,563SCRA577[ 2008] ) §18.I ncons i s t enci esbet ween t he affidavi tand a t es t i mony does not ne ce s s ar i l ydi s c r e di tawi t ne s si fi tr e l at e st omi normat t e r s I nc o n s i s t e n c i e sb e t we e nt he a ffid a v i ta nd a t e s t i mo n yd o e s no tne c e s s a r i l y di s c r e di tawi t ne s si fi tr e l at e st omi no rorc o l l at e r almat t e r s E . xPar t e affid a v i t sa r e g e ne r a l l yi nc o mpl e t e ,he nc e , i nc o ns i s t e nc i e sb e t we e nde c l ar a t i o nso ft heaffi588

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a nt si nt he i rs wo r ns t a t e me nt sandt ho s ei nc o u r t ,dono tne c e s s a r i l ydi s c r e d i t t hem and t he i nfir mi t yofaffidavi t sasan e vi dencei smuc h amat t erofj udi c i al e xpe r i e nc e P .(e o pl ev .Dac o,568SCRA 348[ 2008] ; Pe o p l ev .Ba j ada,57 1SCRA 45 5

o p l ev .Sal l y,633 SCRA 293 [ P o pl ev .Al f r e do,638 SCRA 749 [ 2 0 0 8 ] ;Pe 2010 ] ;e [ 2 0 1 0 ] ; Pe o p l ev .Ang e l i o,667SCRA 102[ 2012] ; Kumme rv .Pe o pl e,70 5SCRA 49 0 [ 2 0 1 3 ] ) Li k e wi s e , t hedi s c r e p anc i e sb e t we e nas wo r ns t a t e me nta ndt e s t i mo n yi nc o ur tdo no to ut r i g ht l yj us t i f yt heac q ui t t alo fan ac c us e d,a st e s t i mo ni ale v i de nc ec a r r i e s mo r e we i g ht t han an affida v i t . P (e o pl ev . De l a Cr uz, 546 SCRA 703 [ 2 0 0 8 ] ; Lumanogv .Pe opl e,630SCRA42[ 2010] ) The r ei sn or ul et ha two u l de s t o pa na ffia ntf r o m ma ki ngane l a b o r a t i o no fa n affida vi tdur i ngt het r i al P .( e o pl ev .Vi l l anue v a,265SCRA216[ 1996] ) Be s i de s ,t he r ei snope r f e c to ro mni s c i e ntwi t ne s sb e c aus et he r ei snope r s o nwi t h p e r f e c tf a c u l t i e so rs e ns e s .An a dr o i tc r o s s e x a mi ne r ma yt r a p a wi t ne s si nt o ma ki ngs t a t e me nt sc o nt r a di c t i nghi st e s t i mo nyo ndi r e c te x ami na t i o n.Byi nt e ns i v e c r o s s e x ami na t i o no npo i nt sno ta nt i c i pa t e dbyawi t ne s sa ndhi sl a wy e r ,awi t ne s s ma yb ei nv e i g l e di nt oma ki ngs t a t e me nt st ha td ono tdo v e t a i lwi t ht het e s t i mo ni e s o fo t he rwi t ne s s e so nt hes a mepo i nt s . P (e o pl ev .Co r fin,380SCRA504[ 2002] ) §19. Affidavi t s ar e s ubor di nat ed i n i mpor t anc e t o open cour t decl arat i ons. Generalrul eandexcept i ons Affida v i t sar eg e ne r al l ys ubo r di nat e di ni mpo r t anc et oo pe nc o ur tde c l ar at i o ns b e c aus et he yar eo f t e nt i me sno ti ns uc has t a t ea st oa ffo r dhi m af a i ro ppo r t uni t yo f P o pl ev .Le ang s i r i nar r at i ngi nf ul lt hei nc i de ntwhi c hhast r a ns pi r e d . (e ,252SCRA 2 13[ 19 96 P ] ;e o pl ev .Gut i e r r e z ,Jr. ,3 0 2 SCRA 6 4 3[ 1 9 99 ] P ;e o pl ev .Me r c ado,30 4 SCRA 504[ 199 9] ; Pe o p l ev .Nul l an,305SCRA 679[ 1999] ; Pe o pl ev.At r e j e ni o,310 SCRA 589

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229[ 1999] ;Ca r i a g av .Co ur to fAp pe a l s,358SCRA 583[ 2001] P ;e o pl ev .Pa j ar o, 554SCRA572[ 2008] ) Be s i d e s ,a ffid a vi t sar eo f t e ne x e c ut e dwhe na na ffia nt ’ sme nt a lf a c u l t i e sa r eno t i ns uc has t a t ea st oaffo r dhi m af a i ro ppo r t uni t yo fna r r a t i ngi nf ul lt hei nc i de nt whi c hha st r a ns p i r e d . P (e o pl ev .Sanc he z,302SCRA21[ 1999] ; Pe o p l ev .Aq ui no,329 P o pl ev .Gabi ana,338SCRA 562[ P o pl ev .Mo r at a,354 SCRA 247[ 2000 ] ;e 2000] ;e SCRA259[ 2001] ; Sar ab i av . Pe o p l e ,361SCRA652[ 2001] ) Thee x c e pt i o nst ot hi sr ul ear e :

( 1 )whe r et heo mi s s i o ni nt heaffida v i tr e f e r st oav e r yi mpo r t antde t a i ls uc ht ha t t heaffia ntwo ul dno tha v ef a i l e dt ome nt i o ni t ,a ndwhi c ho mi s s i o nc o ul da ffe c tt he affiant ’ sc r e di bi l i t y . P (e o pl ev .Po nf e r ada,220SCRA 46[ 1993 P ] ;e o pl ev .Do i no g,332 o pl ev .Ma ndao,393SCRA292[ SCRA366[ 2000 P ] ;e 2002] ) ( 2 )Whe nt hewi t ne s s ’ na r r a t i o ni nt hes wo r ns t at e me nts ubs t a nt i a l l yc o nt r a di c t s her t es t i mony i n c our t . P (e o pl ev . Or t i z, 26 6 SCRA 64 1 [ 19 97 P ] ;e o pl ev . Av e r g o nz ado,397SCRA295[ 2003] ) ( 3 )Whe r et hepur p o r t e di nc o ns i s t e nc yc o n c e r nspo i nt so fs u c hi mpo r t a nc e .The s a me c a nno ts i mp l yb ea s c r i b e dt of a i l ur et or e me mb e r ,f o rwhi c hr e a s o n ,t he wi t ne s s ’c r e d i b i l i t y b e c o me ss u s pe c t . P (e o pl ev . Re bo l t i ado, 279 SCRA 79 P o pl ev .Se r v ano,406SCRA508[ [ 1 9 9 7 ] ;e 2003] ) ( 4 )Whe r ea s e r i o u sd i s c r e p a nc yo rva r i a nc eha sa b e a r i ng o n a ma t e r i a lo r s ubs t ant i alf ac to ri s s ue . P (e o pl ev .Se s e ,1 1 1SCRA5 5 2[ 1 9 82 ] P ;e o pl ev .Wi l s o n,321 A c ac ov .Pe o pl e,378SCRA 297[ P o pl ev .Oc o me n,382 SCRA 409[ 1999 ] ; ng 2002] ;e SCRA310[ 2002] ) 590

590


§20.An affidavi tmaybes cant yi n det ai l sbuti tmayadmi t t ed i fi twi l l bet es t i fiedonbyt heaffiant As wo r ns t at e me nto ranaffida v i tdo e sno tpur po r tt obeac o mpl e t ec o mpe ndi um o ft hede t a i l so fa ne v e n tna r r a t e db yt heaffia nt .Whi l ehe rs wo r ns t a t e me n tma y ha v eb e e ns c a nt yo n de t a i l si fhet e s t i fie ss uffic i e nt l yo nr e l e v a ntma t t e r so nt he s t and,i twi l lbeadmi t t e dase v i de nc e . P (e o pl ev .DeCas t r o,403SCRA543[ 2003] ) §21 .Affidavi t si n ques t i on and ans werf orm prepared bypol i ceoffice r s areus ual l ynotcompl et e Affida v i t s ,o r di nar i l yi naque s t i o nandans we rf o r m,ar eus ual l yandr o ut i ne l y pr e p ar e d i n p o l i c e pr e c i nc t sb y po l i c e i n v e s t i g at o r s . No ti nf r e q ue nt l y ,t he i nv e s t i g at o r / i nt e r r o g at o rpr o po undque s t i o nsme r e l yt oe l i c i tag ene r alpi c t ur eo ft he s ub j e c tmat t e runde ri nv e s t i g at i o n P (e o pl ev .Sabi o,1 0 2SCRA 2 1 8[ 1 9 81 ] P ;e o pl ev . Gab as ,233SCRA 77[ 199 4] ; Pe o p l ev .Gar c i a,373SCRA 134[ 2002 ] ;Angc ac ov . Pe o pl e ,3 78SCRA2 97[ 2 00 2]a ndi ti sn o tp r e p a r e db yt hea ffia nthi ms e l f . P (e o pl ev . Pe r e z ,417SCRA449[ 2003] ) Tr ue ,s wo r ns t a t e me nt se x e c ut e db ef o r epo l i c eaut ho r i t i e sar eus ual l yi nc o mpl e t e a ndc o n t a i nda t awhi c ha r ei nc o n s i s t e ntwi t ht hef a c t snar r a t e dbywi t ne s s e st os a i d o ffic e r s .Fo rt ha tr e a s o n,c o ur t sha v eg e ne r a l l yb r us he da s i de ,a si nc o n s e que nt i al ,

c o n t r adi c t i o nst he r e o ns ol o ngast he s ea r eo nmi no ra ndr e c o nc i l ab l ema t t e r s .The r ul ei so t he r wi s e ,whe r et hedi s c r e p anc i e st o uc ho ns ub s t ant i a la ndi r r e c o n c i l ab l e f a c t ss uc ha st ho s eo mi s s i o nsi nt hea ffida v i tc o n c e r ni ngi mpo r t antde t a i l swhi c ht he a ffia ntwo ul dno tha v ef a i l e dt ome nt i o n,a ndwhi c ho mi s s i o nc o ul dwe l la ffe c tt he c r e di bi l i t yoft hataffiant P .( e o pl ev .Pe r e z,263SCRA206[ 1996] ) 591

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§22.Affidavi t sar enotcons i der ed t hebes tevi dencei ft heaffiant sar e a vai l abl e We l l s e t t l e di st her ul et hata ffida vi t sar eno tc o ns i de r e dt hebe s te v i de nc ei ft he a ffia nt sa r ea va i l a bl easwi t ne s s e s . Thepr e s e nt at i o no fawi t ne s swi l la ffo r dt het r i a l c o ur tt heo ppo r t uni t yt oo bs e r v ehi so v e r a l lde me a no ra ndf o rt hede f e ns et oc r o s s e x a mi nehi ma ndi mpe a c hhi sc r e d i b i l i t y .(Val l ar t av .Co ur to fAppe a l s,16 3SCRA 5 87[ 1 98 8] ; Ay c ov . Fe r nande z,1 9 5SCRA3 2 8[ 1 9 91 P ] ;e o pl ev .Mo r e s ,31 1SCRA34 2 [ 1 9 9 9 ] ) Co r o l l a r i l y ,a n yo r a lo rd o c u me nt a r ye v i d e nc ei s he a r s a yb y na t ur ei ft he pr o b at i v ev al uei sno tb as e do nt hepe r s o n alkno wl e dg eo ft hewi t ne s s e sb uto nt he knowl edgeofs omeot herper s on whowasne ve rpr es ent edon t hewi t nes ss t and, b e c a us ei ti st heo p po r t uni t yt oc r o s s e x a mi newhi c h ne g a t e st hec l a i mt ha tt he ma t t e r st e s t i fie dt ob yawi t ne s sa r ehe a r s a y . P (e o pl ev .De l aCr uz,58 0SCRA 21 2 [ 2 0 0 9 ] ) §23.I ft heaffianti snotpres ent ed,t heaffidavi ti scl ass i fiedashearsay. Reas ons I fape r s o ne x e c ut e sa nda ffida v i ti nac a s e , buthei sno tpr e s e nt e dt ot hewi t ne s s s t a nd ,i tr e nd e r s hi sa ffid a v i ti na dmi s s i b l ef o rb e i ng he a r s a ya nd i tmus tbe e x c l ude da sa ne v i de nc e .Affida v i t sa r ec l a s s i fie da she a r s a ye v i de nc es i nc et he yar e no tg e n e r a l l ypr e p a r e db yt hea ffia ntb utb yano t he rwhous e sh i so wnl a ng ua g ei n wr i t i ngt hea ffia nt ’ ss t a t e me nt s , whi c hma yt husb ee i t he ro mi t t e do rmi s u nde r s t o o d b yt heo newr i t i ngt he m.Mo r e o v e r ,t headv e r s epa r t yi sd e pr i v e do ft heo ppo r t uni t y t oc r o s s e x a mi net hea ffia nt s . P (e o pl ev .Pe r ue l o,105SCRA 226 [ 1981] P ;e o pl ev . Ramo s ,122SCRA 312[ 1983 I ] ; mbatv .So l i v e n,519SCRA 121[ 2007 E ] ;s t r e l l av . Ro bl e s ,Jr t r o n Co r po r at i o nv .Co mmi s s i o ne ro fI nt e r na l . ,538SCRA 60[ 2007] ;Pe Re v e nue ,626SCRA100[ 2010] ) 592

592

SUPREME COURT REPORTS ANNOTATED


At e s t i mo nypr e l i mi nar yi nv e s t i g at i o nwhi c hi sbas e do nt heaffida v i t so fo t he r si s pr i maf ac i e Sa l o n g av .Cr uz Pa ño, he a r s a ya ndc a n ha r d l yq ua l i f ya sa e v i de nc e .( 134SCRA438[ 1985] ) §24.Therul et hatanAffidavi ti scons i deredhears ayi snotappl i cabl ei n l aborcases .Reason Ho we v e r ,t her ul et h ata nAffida vi ti sc o ns i de r e dhe a r s a yi sl i b er a l l ya ppl i e di n l abo rc as e s .( Se eGr e atPac i ficLi f eEmpl o y e e sUni o nv .Gr e a tp ac i ficLi f eAs s ur anc e Co r po r a t i o n,303SCRA113[ 1999] ) Ther e a s o ni s ,i ti sno tne c e s s a r yf o rt heaffia nt st oap pe a randt e s t i f ya ndb e c r o s s e x a mi ne db yc o uns e lf o rt hea dv e r s epa r t y .Tor e q ui r eo t he r wi s ewo ul db et o negat et he r at i onal e and pur pos e oft he s ummary nat ur e oft he pr oc ee di ngs mandat edbyt he Rul esand t omakemandat or yt heappl i c at i on oft het ec hni c al r ul e so fe v i de nc e . L (e pant oCo ns o l i dat e dMi ni ngCo mpanyv .Dumapi s,56 2SCRA 1 03[ 2 00 8] ) §25.Effecti fan acc us ed i sconvi ct ed bas ed onl y on an Affidavi tofa wi t nes s The a c c us e d wi l lbe a c q ui t t e d .The a dmi s s i o no fa he a r s a ye v i d e nc el i k ea n a ffid a v i ta nd t he c o n v i c t i o no ft he a c c us e do nt he b a s i st he r e o fv i o l a t e s hi s c o ns t i t ut i o nalr i g htt ome e twi t ne s s e sf ac et of ac eandt os ub j e c tt he mt ot her i g i d t e s to fc r o s s e x ami nat i o n.The c o n s t i t ut i o nalr i g ht t oc o nf r o n t a t i o n pr e c l ude s r e l i a nc eo ns u c ha ffid a vi t s .Suc h ac o ns t i t ut i o na ls a f e g ua r dc a nno tb es a t i s fi e d unl e s st heo ppo r t uni t yi sg i v e nt heac c us e dt ot e s tt hec r e di b i l i t yo fa nype r s o n, who ,b ya ffid a v i to rd e p os i t i o nwo u l di mp ut et hec o mmi s s i o no ft heo ffe n s et ohi m. P (e o pl ev .Mo nt e ne gr o,436SCRA33[ 2004] ) §26.Mer eaffidavi t sarenots uffici entt ograntbai l Me r ea ffida v i t so rr e c i t a l so ft he i rc o n t e nt sar eno ts uffic i e nts i nc et he ya r ee r e he a r s a ye v i de nc e ,he nc et he yc a nno t 593

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l e g a l l yf o r mt heb as i so fa no r de rg r a nt i ngba i l .Thus , a nRTCj ud gewhog r a nt e d b ai lb as e do name r ea ffid a vi twa sf o undg ui l t yo fg r o s si g no r a nc eo ft hel a wa ndwa s o r de r e dt opa yafineo fP2 0, 0 00 . 0 0. B ( ay l o nv .Si s o n,243SCRA284[ 1995] ) §27.Affidavi tofdi s i nt eres t ed pers onsi n ordert oprovebi rt hi snotan adequat eproof Thes u bmi s s i o no fa na ffid a vi to fd i s i nt e r e s t e dp e r s o na t t e s t i ng t ot hea c t ua l bi r t ho fape r s o ndo e sno tc o ns t i t ut eade quat epr o o fast ot heac t ualdat e / y e aro fhi s bi r t hs i nc et heaffida vi ti she ar s a yands e l f s e r v i ng . R (e :Samano di nL.Ampas o,256 SCRA679[ 1996] ) §28.Anext raj udi ci als t at ementoraffidavi ti si nfirm andunrel i abl e A e x t r a j udi c i als t at e me nto raffida v i ti sg e ne r al l y no tpr e par e d byt heaffiant hi ms e l fbut by anot her who us es hi so wn l anguage i n wr i t i ng t he affiant ’ s s t at e me nt . He nc e ,o mi s s i o ns and mi s under s t andi ng by t he affiant ar e not i nf r e q ue nt .The i nfir mi t yo fa ne x t r a j udi c i a ls t a t e me nti s a ma t t e ro fj udi c i a l e x pe r i e nc e . Be s i de s , a na ffida v i te x e c ut e da f t e rc o n vi c t i o no ft hea c c us e dandwhi l et hea ffia nt i si nde t e nt i o n,i sunr e l i abl e .Theal l e gat i o nst he r e i n,no tb ei ngt e s t i fie dt oi nc o ur t , a r eme r ehe a r s a ya ndha v enos ub s t a nt i a le v i de nt i a r yva l ue . P (e o pl ev .Pat al i nj ug, 318SCRA116[ 1999] ) §29.Affidavi t sc annotbe r el i ed upon t o annula wi nni ng candi dat e’ s procl amat i oni nel ect i oncases Affida v i t sc anno tber e l i e d upo nt oannulawi nni ngc andi dat e ’ spr o c l amat i o n. Thi si sb e c aus ei ti ss e l f s e r v i ngandi tc a nno to v e r t ur nt hepr e s ump t i o nt hato ffic i al dut yha sbe e nr e g ul a r l ype r f o r me d .( Ve l a y ov .Co mmi s s i o no nEl e c t i o ns,327 594

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Luc manv. Di mapo r o,33SCRA387[ SCRA715[ 2000] .Se eal s o 1970] ) Li ke wi s e ,t hef a c tt ha tt heaffida v i t so ffe r e db yapa r t yi na ne l e c t i o npr o t e s tc a s e ar eo fo nes t y l eo rwo r d i ng ,i sno t hi ngunus ual .(Si ns uatv .Pe ndat un,33SCRA 63 0 [ 1 9 7 0 ] ) §30.AnAffidavi ti snotamodeofacqui r i ngowner s hi pofal and

No ta l lno t a r i z e ddo c ume nt sa r ee x e mp t e df r o mt her u l eo na ut he nt i c a t i o n.Thus , an affidavi tdoe s no taut omat i c al l y bec ome a publ i c doc umentj us tbec aus ei t c o nt a i ns a no t a r i a j lur at . Mor eo ve r , an affidavi ti s not a mode of ac qui r i ng Ce queña v .Bol ant e,33 l i c i ano v . o wner s hi p ofa l and.( 0 SCRA 21 6[ 200 0] ;Fe Zal di v ar ,503SCRA182[ 2006] ) §31. Mer eAffidavi ti snots uffici entf ort hei s s uanceofase arc hwarr ant Me r ea ffid a v i to ft he c o mp l a i na nta nd hi swi t ne s s e si sno ts u ffic i e n tf o rt he i s s ua nc eo fa s e a r c h wa r r a nt .The e x a mi ni ng j ud g e ha st ot a k ed e p o s i t i o n si n wr i t i ngo ft hec o mp l a i na nta ndt hewi t ne s s e sh ema ypr o d uc ea ndt oa t t a c ht he mt o t her e c o r d.Suc hwr i t t e nde po s i t i o ni sne c e s s a r yi no r d e rt ha tt heJudg ema ybeab l e t op r o p e r l yd e t e r mi net hee x i s t e nc eo rno ne x i s t e nc eo fpr o b ab l ec a us eandt oho l d l i abl ef o rpe r j ur yt hepe r s o ng i v i ngi ti fi twi l lbef o undl at e rt hathi sde c l ar a t i o ns ar ef al s e P .(e o pl ev .Mamar i l ,420SCRA662[ 2004] ) §32.An affidavi tofacoaccus ed whowass ubsequent l yacqui t t ed may beabasi sf ornew t ri al Whi l eaa ffida v i to fac o a c c us e dwhowa ss ub s e q ue nt l yac q ui t t e d ,e x e c ut e da f t e r t r i a lha s no p r o b at i v ev a l ue a st ot he c o n vi c t i o no nc i r c u ms t a nt i a le v i de nc e ,o f pe t i t i o ne r ,t heSupr e meCo ur tma ybr us ha s i det e c hni c a l i t i e sa ndc o n s i de rt he 595

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He mut h,Jr .v .Pe o pl e,112 e x i s t e nc eo fs a i daffida v i ta sab as i sf o rne wt r i a l . ( l SCRA573[ 1982] ) No t eho we v e rt ha taf o r g o t t e na ffida v i ti sno tab as i sf o rane wt r i a l . P (e o pl ev . Re g at o,127SCRA287[ 1984] ) §33.Anaffidavi ti snots uffici entt opr ovefil i at i on Affida v i t s and pi c t ur e s ar ei ns uffic i e ntt os ho w fil i at i o ns i nc et he y ar es e l f s e r v i ng ,i ns i g ni fic a ntand i ns u ffic i e nt . B (e r c i l e sv .Go v e r nme ntSe r v i c eI ns ur anc e Sy s t e m,128SCRA53[ 1984] ) §34.An affidavi tofpardon i snotcr edi bl ei fi ti snotunders t oodbyt he compl ai nant

An al l e g e daffida v i to fpar do nb yt heo ffe nde dhus bandt ohi swi f e ’ spar amo ur whi c hwa swr i t t e ni nEng l i s hi nal a ng ua g eno tund e r s t o o db yc o mp l a i na ntwhoi s i l l i t e r a t eand appe ar st obehas t i l y pr e p ar e di sno tc r e di b l e . L (i gt asv .Co ur to f Appe al s ,149SCRA514[ 1987] ) §35.Omi s s i on ofc er t ai n part i cul arsi n an affidavi twi l lnotes t op an affiantf r om maki nganel aborat i on The r ei snor ul eo fe v i de nc et ot hee ffe c tt hato mi s s i o no fc e r t ai npar t i c ul ar si na s wo r ns t a t e me ntwo ul de s t o pana ffia ntf r o m ma ki nga ne l a bo r a t i o nt he r e o fo rf r o m c o r r e c t i ng i nac c ur a c i e s dur i ng t he t r i al . P (e o pl ev .To r r e c ampo,423 SCRA 433 [ 2 0 0 4 ] ) §36.Pr ocedur alas pect A j udg ema yc r o s s e x ami net hepar t i e si nahe ar i ngo famo t i o ni ft he ys ubmi t c o nt r a di c t o r yaffida vi t s P . (e o pl ev .Mo nt e i r o,192SCRA548[ 1990] )

Judicial Affidavit Rule Annotation - Ulep

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