!,
IL, .A\ 1 ii 1:) H'il
Regular 1
,>^^±^
ft
is
ft
A V
n< * i J : <•' it
i t t
L i t
i-o Ltö
L i c i t
l\l+£i)-^^fz iXt^£-h~''^fz n %h-^£i)^'ofz
'itU
i i -
h i
+£-h^-,tz
^=t•V^
r^^£^^^tz
Regular II
h\1^£i)^^fz ^<+£i)-^fz h
tz
tz
^+£-b--,fz ft
ft
a u ^£-^^^tz ^+£^^^tz
Irregular
<
L^£^^^tz * Except for two irregular verbs, **
and ' f i ) , all verbs belong to either the Regular 1 or Regular II class.
{ is an exception among Regular 1 verbs. Its -te form is
^ T , and its -ta form is
/c.
' " v . . i
-/ adjective -na adjective noun -H T'-f
< •f£^"^fz m']ru^£^^-^fz ^rii^£^^'ofz tlA,
mv£ -
t,
ft
<-
e 4'
ft
ft ^
/
-<
ax
<•'
Z'l
-t i
^
xiii fki
ItLT
(t L/c
LLT
LLt-:
J;^T
XLf-:
9
inii X
iiX^'T
1 n^tz
mm
^
0 Tc
T $ T
hliX -kahili tz
k
1
'k
*.ltT
^
t:
ii^JXi ^X T $ 6
6
LXi
ïiïlMiliiWtll8WWïSw^li=ttl|BI !:ior!;iVi. . . „ .. _^ „ ; -• , ; .•:',Oi."id?'[i'LTj:Ti,;(! !••;-;,;•!'••!. '.T,;;, -Sir')' . A $ It a If \
J.
0
1
* T
* / c
$
<
i..
T
iI#'J^J.-b ( I f ) b (If)
LT
< T
-
A s s o c i a t i o n for J a p a n e s e - L a n g u a g e T e a c h i n g AjALT
KODANSHA INTERNATIONAL Tokyo - New York ^ London
The A s s o c i a t i o n f o r Japanese-Language Teaching (AJALT) w a s r e c o g n i z e d as a n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n by t h e M i n i s t r y o f E d u c a t i o n i n 1 9 7 7 . It w a s established t o m e e t t h e practical needs o f p e o p l e w h o are n o t necessarily specialists o n J a p a n b u t w i s h t o c o m m u n i c a t e e f f e c t i v e l y i n J a p a n e s e . In 1 9 9 2 A J A L T w a s a w a r d e d t h e J a p a n F o u n d a t i o n Special Prize. A J A L T maintains a website at www.ajalt.org.
Illustrations by Shinsaku Sumi. CD n a r r a t i o n b y Yuki M i n a t s u k i , Aya O g a w a , Yuri H a r u t a , Koji Yoshida, T a t s u o E n d o , Sosei S h i n b o r i , a n d H o w a r d C o l e f i e l d . CD r e c o r d i n g a n d e d i t i n g b y t h e English L a n g u a g e E d u c a t i o n C o u n c i l , I n c
PHOTO CREDITS: © S a c h i y o Y a s u d a , 1 , 4 9 , 9 9 , 1 2 8 , 1 4 9 , 1 9 9 .
D i s t r i b u t e d in t h e U n i t e d States by Kodansha A m e r i c a , Inc., a n d i n t h e U n i t e d K i n g d o m a n d c o n t i n e n t a l Europe b y K o d a n s h a E u r o p e Ltd. Published by Kodansha International Ltd., 1 7 - 1 4 0 t o w a 1-chome, B u n k y o k u , T o k y o 1 1 2 - 8 6 5 2 , a n d Kodansha A m e r i c a , Inc. Copyright © 2 0 0 7 by the Association f o r Japanese-Language Teaching. All rights reserved. Printed in Japan. ISBN 9 7 8 - 4 - 7 7 0 0 - 3 0 1 0 - 8 First p u b l i s h e d 1 9 9 0 Second edition 1995 Third edition 2 0 0 7 15 1 4 13 12 11 10 0 9 0 8 0 7
www.kodansha-intl.com
12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
CONTENTS
PREFACE
XII
INTRODUCTION
xiil
QflMfir ill SOUVENIR SHOPPING i W r r a l BUILDING RAPPORT WITH COLLEAGUES iQMrifgl RETURNING TO JAPAN FOR WORK i m W ^ I PLANNING A VACATION |IM0Ïϧ| SOLVING PROBLEMS
SUPPLEMENTTO THE TEXT
253
TRANSLATIONS OF READING TASKS ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND QUIZZES JAPANESE-ENGLISH GLOSSARY
276
ENGLISH-JAPANESE GLOSSARY
287
INDEX
298
255 261
GRAMMAR I. Referring to Indefinite Places, Things, or People
^ >^^Z^\ ASKING FOR ADVICE ABOUT A GIFT
tLMC^\
fiJtl^-
II. Stating and Asking Preference and Soliciting Suggestions
III. Making Comparisons (1): Expressing the Comparative Degree
IV. Making Comparisons (2): Expressing the Superlative Degree
V. "Doing Something to See How It Goes"
I. Getting Information or Advice: "I'd Like to . . , But. . . ?"
20
II. Making-Comparisions (3): Singling Out an Item for Comparison
21
C H O O S I N G A YUKATA 18
^ ~ l ±
^^^l±X
- T - f
III. Stating Decisions ^ ~ | C
SEARCHING FOR A LOST ITEM 3 2
23
L i t
I. Connecting Related Sentences
34
II. Describing Ongoing Actions or States in Effect
36
III. "Going Somewhere to Do Something"
38
Q U I Z 1 (Lessons 1-3) 4 6
GRAMMAR I. Plain Forms of Verbs (1): Present-affirmative and Preseat-negative Tenses
53
II. Asking for and Offering Explanations (1)
55
C L O C K I N G IN EARLY 5 0 |=> Verb (Plain Form) + ^ T - t III. Expressing Frequency
58
READING & WRITING O Consulting Someone about What to Buy as a Souvenir e Asking Somone Their Preference for Food, Drink, etc. o Stating or Asking for an Opinion about Two or More Items in Comparison with One Another
Reading Task: fe I C
y'xn^y ^{7
y
(The Rice Ball Project) Kanji Practice
» stating the Size or Characteristics of an Item You Wish to Buy " Asking a Clerk to Gift-wrap an Item ® Indicating Your Preferred Method of Payment ® Talking about Your Family, Their Interests, and the Kinds of Gifts that Make Them Happy
Reading Task:
l}VX^h
h 'fz,^' L \ ^
(Mr. Mills's New Computer) Kanji Practice A
Describing a Lost Item Describing the Characteristics of a Person, Place, or Thing
'J
^
Reading Task:
^
ffl
;ï
M
5C
#
^ L-oCO hi'Kii
Kanji Practice t
43
44 ^
é
^
X
^
,
^
READING & WRITING ® Talking about Routines and Habits ® Talking about Interests and Things You Want to Learn ® Explaining Why You Are Doing Something out of the Ordinary
Kanji Practice ^
*^
0#
67
FB^
H
^
i
©
§P
I. Plain Fornns of Verbs (2): Past-affirmative and Past-negative Tenses INVITING A COLLEAGUE TO A HOT SPRING 69
II. Talking about Past Experiences
I. Using the Adverbial Forms of Adjectives to Modify Verbs ^ ~ < / ~ l C C L O C K I N G O U T EARLY
84
II. "Going Somewhere to Do Something and Coming Back" 85
82
III. Making Strong Suggestions
IV. "Not Yet"
^
t t ;
86
~ L T V N i -t+A
V. Asking for and Offering Explanations (2)
87 88
|=> Noun/Adjective + ^ T i ' QUIZ 2 (Lessons 4-6)
96
'Li;,\'ii ,j
GRAMiViAR
GREETING A NEW EMPLOYEE
100
RUNNING INTO AN OLD ACQUAINTANCE 115
I. Expressing a Sequence of Events (1): "Before"
103
II. Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After"
104
III. "When" (1)
106
I. Describing a Change in State (1)
117
II. "When" (2)
119
^^/n-ofz III. Plain Forms of Adjectives and of Nouns
i
QUIZ 3 (Lessons 7-9)
146
132
121
IV. Using Direct and Indirect Quotation
122
I, Forming Modifying Clauses
134
C>/N°-X^-iC
JOINING A CIVIC ORCHESTRA
+T't
^fz
II. Nomlnalizing Sentences
A 136
GRAMMAR
ASKING FOR TIME OFF 1 5 0
I. Giving a Reason (1)
152
II. Expressing Potentiality
154
Expressing Volition: "I Am Thinking about. . ."
166
at SELECTING A VACATION PLAN 1 6 4 . Giving a Reason (2)
I. Forming Indirect Questions
Expressing Uncertainty RESERVING A ROOM AT AN INN
168
170
182
180 . Talking about Future Events Coming into Being
184
Q U I Z 4 (Lessons 10-12) 1 9 6
''-)
TALKING A B O U T PRODUCTIVITY. 2 0 0
GRAMMAR I. Describing a Change in State (2)
202
II. Making Hypothetical Statements
204
^
COMPUTER TROUBLE 2 1 7
Q U I Z 5 (Lessons 13-15) 2 5 0
h
I. Stating the Result of an Action or Event
219
II. Indicating That an Action or Event Has Been Completed
220
III. Making Conditional Statements
222
^
G I V I N G DIRECTIONS 2 3 4
~7c
-If
I. Speaking of Natural or Habitual Results
236
II. Expressing Necessity
238
^ Talking about Traveling in Japan and Japanese Cultural Experiences s Reporting the Time and Pressing Someone to Do Something e Gathering Information about What You Want to Do or Where You Want to Go o Inviting a Colleague to Go Somewhere with You
Reading Task: $ $
7 y T — (A Balloon Tour)
79
• Kanji Practice
w
o Complaining about Your Health » Showing Concern for the Health of Others B Stating or Confirming the Progress of Preperations
^
80
:^
m
^
^±
^
^
Reading Task: C'-^ 9 TcX (Consultation)
93
Kanji Practice
94
^
li:
m
MiiiMiaw i ï ^ i M a g
READING 81 WRITING
» Talking about Someone's Personal History » Giving a Detailed Self-introduction
Reading T a s k : A ( 7 ? J i S
m
^
Ifv^H^
(Ms. Sasaki's Personal History) Kanji Practice
i
- Talking about Changes that Have Come Over a Town
«
Reading Task 1:
« Talking about an Old Aquaintance and How They Have Changed
:^
?± If- I t
^
^
^
- A X 7" ^ CO fe t v ^ T
127
(Reminiscences of a Homestay) Reading Task 2: ^
?g # !§• (The Story of Harajuku)
Kanji Practice ^
Describing a Building's Facilities Describing Your Personal Effects Describing Someone's Personality
^
128 330
B
1"
Reading Task 1: v y l / ^ >- ^ 1,
^
^
/
141
y'tJ
142
(Ms. Martin's Blog) Reading Task 2:
U 7) A ^ ^ ^ ^ " < CO
(The Blog of an American Family) Kanji Practice
^
:^
i^f ^
144
)^
ih
n\
m
m
READING a WRITING e Talking about Schedules s Talking about the Services Available at a Department Store
Reading & Writing Task; fe ^ ^ V ^ (Invitations)
160
Reading Task:
161
- t 9 (Impressions)
Kanji Practice
M ^ Stating What You Are Thinking about Doing in the Near Future ® Expressing Your Feelings and Giving Reasons for Them e Talking about Possible Scenarios That Could Occur in the Near Future
e Calling for Teamwork When Hosting a Barbecue e Confirming the Details of a Trip o Telling Someone over the Phone That You Do Not Have Time to Talk and Will Call Thehn Back Later
162
1^
di
Kanji Practice
m
^
178
m
m
Reading Task 1: L ^ i ± ^ X
J; 9 <7?
K(D
li'i- L
191
(Words from a Worryyvart) Reading Task 2:
' ± U J (Mt. Fuji)
192
Kanji Practice
n
^
194
M
>è
#
^
IX
READING a WRITING ® Talking about Changes in Sales/Productivity • Talking about Your Dreams for the Future ® Talking about What to Do In the Event of a ' Disaster
Reading Task: 3 feX H
(If I Won 300 Million Yen) Kanji Practice ^
® Talking about Problems and Explaining Solutions ® Asking for Suggestions about How to Solve Problems
J:
T
:^
Reading Task: DX^X^
#
:?|J
L
|c
n
ü
$
(Mr. Mills's Diary) Kanji Practice
n
Giving Directions Using Intransitive and Transitive Verbs Giving a Reason for Rejecting an Invitation
htzr>tzh
ê
#
tT
^
m
^-F
s-
Reading Task 1: I f v n / c ^ V , — ( T e x t Messaging) Reading Task 2: ^A<7)
-f hX^^i
t%
245 lAl
(How to Put Out the Trash in the Town i Live in) Kanji Practice 4
m
248
^
^
^
Jt
PUEFACE
T O ™ E [REVISED 3^^ EDiTïOM For busy working adults, progressing to the next step beyond "survival Japanese" is not easy. Books II and III of the Japanese for Busy People series were first published in 1990 for learners seeking intermediate to advanced proficiency in Japanese. Yet even with the aid of these volumes, many people still found It difficult to master complicated Japanese syntax and vocabulary in the few hours-they had available outside of other commitments. Over the years, we at AJALT have continued to look for new ways to help learners overcome this barrier, and in the process we have developed and implemented numerous improvements to our lesson plans and supplementary teaching materials. Such experience is put to full use in this extensively revised edition of Japanese for Busy People II, designed to better enable adult learners to pursue their study of Japanese to the point of intermediate fluency. Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3rd Edition incorporates many new ideas developed carefully over time by a committee of twenty-one working AJALT instructors. Of the group of twenty-one, a team of five teachers compiled the text. We hope that busy people will find this textbook an enjoyable tool for learning Japanese. Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People II, Revised Edition (1990) Four AJALT teachers wrote this textbook. They are Miyako Iwami, Shigeko Miyazaki, Masako Nagal, and Kimiko Yamamoto. They were assisted by two other teachers, Kumiko Endo and Chikako Ogura. Acknowledgments for Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3''' Edition This textbook was written by five AJALT teachers—Emiko Aral, Kaori Hattorl, Reiko Sawane, Junko Shinada, and Emiko Yamamoto—with the assistance of Miyuki Fujiwara, Yuko Harada, Ajiko letomi, Elko Ishida, Mitsuyoshi Kaji, Rosa Maekawa, Mariko Mishima, Tomoko Mitaki, Emiko Nakachi, Makiko Nakano, Mikiko Ochiai, Minako Saito, Sadao Sakano, Yuko Takagahara, Keiko Takegami, and Yoriko Yoshida. Special thanks are owed to Martin and Pamela Murray, who contributed the blog on pp. 142-43.
1NTIRODUCT80N
Aims Like Book I, Book II is intended for busy people who wish to efficiently master beginning-level Japanese. It may be used in the classroom or outside it. Book I dealt with "survival Japanese" for tourists and other short-term travelers and newcomers to Japan. Book II, meanwhile, turns to the basics of Japanese syntax. The book is by no means only about grammar, however. Rather, it is designed to help learners consolidate their understanding of syntactical structure through lessons that focus on how to talk about topics relevant to daily life. In addition to serving learners continuing from Book I, Book II will benefit those who have already studied beginning Japanese to some extent but wish to brush up on syntax.
Major Features of Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3'''
Edition
Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3''' Edition wili enable learners to progress smoothly through the equivalent of the latter half of a typical first-year Japanese course while gradually building speaking and listening skills. Learners approaching mid-beginner status often find themselves suddenly faced with syntax and vocabulary much more complex than what they have studied before. Such grammar and vocabulary do not appear as frequently in everyday conversation as those words and structures they have learned up to this point, necessitating that they spend ample time on review. Moreover, learners at this stage are expected to become familiar with verb tense and aspect, time expressions, conditional clauses, and other topics that require them to have a solid grasp of context and speaker intent if they are to fully understand the differences in meaning conveyed by each. Such points cannot be mastered by reading through grammatical explanations alone. In short, the mid-beginner level is a difficult one for many adult learners who, unlike students In school, have neither time nor opportunities to take repeated tests or to otherwise gauge their progress. Japanese for Busy People II, Revised 3"' Edition helps overcome the above obstacles through grammar and content topics carefully selected to be appropriate to learners at this level of Japanese proficiency. The book is designed so that by practicing talking about each topic, learners will gradually and effectively acquire sentence patterns and vocabulary related to that topic. Like Book I, Book II is organized into several large units, each covering topics grouped under a particular theme. In this way, the book enables learners to achieve a well-balanced understanding of grammar, sentence structure, and context. Themes and lesson objectives of the five units in Book II are as follows. Unit 1: Souvenir Shopping Following up on Book I, Unit 1 presents survival Japanese related to shopping, thus providing learners with a thorough review of simple clauses. The unit also goes beyond what was covered in Book I by showing ways of asking someone's opinion while shopping, making comparisons between items, and describing an item's characteristics. The overall theme is "picking souvenirs," a subject that should be relevant to learners both in Japan and abroad. The verbal skills and dialogue patterns studied here may be applied not only to shopping but also more broadly to any situation that involves choosing between options.
Unit 2: Building Rapport with Colleagues This unit introduces the plain forms of verbs—a crucial component of Japanese compound sentences—along with several sentence-final elements that make use of these forms. Topics are selected from among those that typically come up when interacting with people from work. Covered are constructions for indicating interest in another's actions, inviting someone to do something outside of work, asking for help or offering advice, and otherwise interacting with people in ways that help build relationships of trust and understanding. Unit 3: Returning to Japan for Work This unit explains how to build sentences using temporal clauses, direct and indirect quotation, and attributive modifiers. Through talking about factual events in one's life history or In that of a particular neighborhood, learners will study how to relate an event In chronological sequence, compare the way something is now to how it was in the past, and describe facilities and other things around them. Unit 4: Planning a Vacation Along with sentences with clauses for stating reasons or reporting questions, this unit covers sentence-final elements used to express indefiniteness, for example wish or probability. Topics deal with verbal skills necessary for planning and carrying out activities in cooperation with others, including explaining reasons or circumstances, expressing probability, and indicating desire. The overall theme is that of planning and going • on a trip to a unique place in Japan. Unit 5: Solving Problems The focus of this unit is on forming conditional clauses. Topics include preparing for earthquakes or other disasters, discussing dreams for the future, solving problems, helping someone who is lost, and other situations that call on learners to talk about what might happen In the future, discuss options for solving problems, and give instructions or explain steps for doing something.
The Structure of the Units Each of the five units listed above is divided into three lessons. The lessons, in turn, are organized into the following parts: Target Dialogue Grammar & Pattern Practice Practice (1, 2, 3 . . .) Reading Task Kanji Practice
Using Japanese for Busy People II Work through the textbook following the steps below. 1 . Target Dialogue. Scan the target dialogue for an overview of the structures you will be learning In the lesson. The underlined parts are the lesson's key sentences, and page references direct you to where they are explained in detail. At this stage it is not important to understand the Target Dialogue in its entirety, since you will be returning to it after working through the Practice pages (see step 4 below).
11
ASKING FOR ADVICE ABOUT A GIFT
tJn-isi
,
, Til !ir:j«t use) u cma i IO-M^SI% riin 'Sumrs tsaisnsiati rirt "«it. jCT-^p-i jiyi IM la PA )3J ihUJd lEpo-d li!fcr,9 ibdn yoa ^ far
^B:
irrt,
i'v>i.
^T3^•^^^.
iii-xj V.'e JiistfaEfe, oH
rt-^-Zdl lr7Tt'^^•••Ö•^4^ Aft-)' i j
2-5-¥t=t;l)ll It, Usl ill!
fait
i:=t
v,,?
fi-(o)Si-ttA.
Kj.™ ti Cl d JïturJ. b-.i JitoI'M
., -
WJI ^ - I ... ? • ttet I A KÖO 0 nling. -V-tul Itou* ycJ. h'l. 1.^J' Ha irpïid .!. IS lull jTHv.-a hï.iïv-g p j
t-Ss VQ. V.r^il iv-M b! [oad? K3» Ban jitKl a is-'b!!? ïi.-liu j
Key sentences illustrating the lesson's grammar are underlined.
New vocabulary items are defined as they make their appearances.
Notes guide you through the Target Dialogue.
2 . Grammar & Pattern Practice. This section takes up the lesson's grammatical points and sentence patterns one by one, explaining forms and meanings and offering exercises for trying out the patterns. After reading the explanations, turn to the exercises to see whether you can construct sentences following the rules described. The important thing is not only to say the answers out loud but to practice actually writing them down. Answers are given in the back of the book.
I GRAMMAR & PATTERN PRACTICE
f staling mi AiUna tnleitnu and SuGiliIng Suggtitioni
I R«l(nfng (o IndsMle HSCEI, Hibisi, ct Feopl. (U Be CCHM. Ci. -Al to ccffH
bt s
«Alnil a - b - i ' m-Tt. AJ kr a bciri j& rd ccfEEe. f)/:i|l n(Qa
L^Ti-^K teamt-ti: Art joi gosg tn^tos not ihs v.tjl
3-t-i<
pi, "Aiferrrp^f.iiliiabean^ts!•
« A f IfU f j i ' »H
2) t o ï - f A n
Hi- UAflftril^-i.-^.WereEtfSiH.
' J i Z i . ïT;
oTLii*'.
M vJi'.LhJ (Jth wa-d er.^ crct
1) Hti/.o 2) f i «
l';^f9>'T (
3) art
knLi'^/:Tt.
4) CltV
I'liTt.
)
T't-HVF. H
LIT.
{
2) y a l ' i ^ F O
-f—7.
/-Jl
Ayj-tt-C. (
Concise explanations with example sentences walk you through the lesson's grammar.
Exercises let you put your understanding to the test.
New vocabulary defined.
To internalize the constructions and put them to full use requires much more than merely understanding the grammar behind them. It requires that you study them in context, which the Practice pages (to follow) and Target Dialogue allow you to do. XV
3. Practice. Once you understand the meanings and forms of the sentence patterns covered in Grammar & Pattern Practice, it is time to practice using them in conversation. The Practice pages fall into one of several types: Word Power combined with Speaking Practice; Speaking Practice only; and Phrase Power (in Units 2, 3, 4, and 5) and Speaking Practice.
SPEAKIHG PtIACnCE
•
•
WORD POV'/ER -
il'ii^
tfSE
ont pïMi d
a bte-miTijfc-ViU Wö
4. Tn!=4Kag so-ic-iï; Tiixr'--y-fn
Iit\ b--y3i-
"'
fzKTA i Lt i '.
sAx-:'i;v,..i;__j-}iH
(n-iLi-j.
v^*!Il^w.fedb-ï tosh. m-m^ii^o.r.-^kibs^e^iTA'em-J-Wr.
è>3:
H-ij^., t J i ' L i ' T + « . b / : L t
-fïTI-.
tMsc Ift. IfSi. B-tal b a ppJir iwtea- d Ct-jïaJ
).3ta3
The Word Power pages in this text are not limited to new vocabulary but include, for review, words you have already learned. Try substituting the words presented here with the ones in the dialogues at right.
The dialogues in Speaking Practice are thematically linked with the vocabulary presented in the Word Power section at left.
Begin by studying the words and/or expressions in Word Power or Phrase Power. The vocabulary here will be necessary for dealing with the conversation topics covered in the lesson. Study the characters and pronunciation for each one while also referring to the illustrations and glosses. If you feei there are too many, focus on the ones you are most interested in. While the ideal is to become able to recall the Japanese just from looking at the illustrations or glosses, this does not have to happen right away. Once you have spent some time over the meanings and pronunciations, proceed to the Speaking Practice even if you have not finished memorizing everything. While practicing, simply look back at the list for any words you do not remember. You will gradually become more familiar with the words as you use them. The Speaking Practice is made up of a series of sample dialogues. First listen to each dialogue on the CD to see how much you can comprehend on your own. It will also help to try repeating the words after the speaker or writing them down. Next, read the script in the textbook (and the translation, as necessary) to confirm your understanding. Then read the script out loud. If you have a learning partner, practice acting out the dialogues together, switching roles as neccessary. Some of the Speaking Practice sections in the latter half of the textbook (Units 4 and 5) also come with exercises that call on you not only to memorize and use set vocabulary, but also to make up dialogues based on additionally provided material. As you come to these parts, work through them according to the instructions given. After going through the sample dialogues, practice conversing more freely, adjusting the topic to suit you and using the words and expressions that you just learned. If you have a learning partner, talk to that partner. There is no need to stick closely to the examples or to worry about small errors. Simply talk and ask questions about the topic as you like. If you have a native Japanese speaker close by or are otherwise in a position to speak Japanese in real life, then be sure to take the opportunity to try out what you have learned in actual conversation with that person. j Finally, try writing down what you said in the free conversation practice above. Ask an instructor or a Japanese acquaintance to point out your mistakes.
4. Target Dialogue. When you finish with the Practice pages, turn bacl< to the Target Dialogue at the beginning of the lesson and study it along with the CD. Carefully go over and review any parts you find difficult to understand. Listen to the CD many times and practice repeating the words after the speaker until you are able to speak the dialogue with natural intonation and speed. Most of the dialogues begin with expressions typically used to strike up conversations. Try using these in real life when the opportunity presents itself.
5. Reading Task. In this section, you will be exposed to short reading material intended also to serve as a lesson review. Written Japanese differs from spoken forms of the language, which tend to abbreviate various syntactic elements. Read the text in order to accustom yourself to expository Japanese that is not part of conversational giveand-take but is instead directed one-way, from writer to reader. Since the materials here are written much less formally than Japanese prose normally would be, however, they may also be used as templates for such oral tasks as giving explanations or making speeches. Once you have read and understood the text, practice explaining the content in your own words. (A few of the texts are written in full prose style.) Questions sometimes accompany the Reading Tasks to encourage you to do this. Translations of all the texts as well as sample answers to the questions can be found at the back of the book.
READING TASK
X, +tT+. 4'1-
TI1 tllzif'li'l tJ+LO) Ilii' ipTtHs
2) 4 H - 4 ' i ' T l l
iSK^'lt
3) A 8 C 7 - X « 4)
li+Ll:
yoyii'.hf
T'ö.JiS'J.ro
^-7f±
l^sfi'
*-j»i'T-(-<>-.
->.<'!ii-ki'.
/;JlT+'i'.
4-vv4'o (»•(• I Siirid tc^^fcl, for
~v»
6. Kanji Practice. Each lesson concludes with a Kanji Practice page. This section takes up ten characters (twenty in Lesson 1), most of them from vocabulary appearing in the lesson's Target Dialogue. .In all, the textbook introduces 160 basic kanji, selected primarily from those covered in level 4 of the JapaneseLanguage Proficiency Test. KANJI PRACTICE The meanings of the kanji are given below the character, usage examples and writing instructions to the right of it. The examples, too, are taken mostly from the the lesson's Target Dialogue and are limited to vocabulary appearing in the textbook (albeit sometimes with kanji components introduced in a later lesson). Asterisks indicate frequently used words that are written with kanji not covered in the textbook but that are nevertheless given because they are words you should already be familiar with.
= ^
km. come ':•
n week )
n
n
M
The character's core meaning is given beneath it. There is ample space to write the characters and commit them to memory.
Appearing in small letters below the usage examples are the readings for the kanji, called in Japanese furigana. Although kanji dictionaries typically distinguish between Japanese and Chinese readings by setting the former in hiragana and the latter in katakana, in this textbook they are all given in hiragana. Verbs and adjectives are listed in their dictionary forms (except in Unit 1; see p. 52 for an explanation of plain forms, of which the dictionary form is an example). The non-kanji endings on verbs and adjectives (e.g., the i "f" in ^ ($•) i -f are called okurigana (verbal suffixes). In general, the stem of a word is written in kanji while the inflected parts appear in hiragana as verbal suffixes, e.g., ^ ( O i ' t " , ^ ( Z ) tt.'^\7fc ( $ ) T . There are many exceptions to this rule, however, and so the suffixes are best memorized individually. The Kanji Practice comes with blanks for writing out the characters. Try writing each one, paying careful attention to the order and direction of the strokes. Throughout this text we introduce kanji gradually, and always with furigana so that you know how to pronounce them. In addition to words from the Target Dialogue, we also present in kanji (for recognition purposes only) proper nouns—that is, place names and names of people.
Note About Kanji Kanji came into Japan from China roughly 1,500 years ago. Kanji also became the basis of the hiragana and katakana syllabaries later developed to better represent sounds in Japanese. Japanese today is written primarily with kanji and hiragana, supplemented as necessary by katakana, Arabic numerals, and romanization. Kanji are logographic (i.e.,-each character has a meaning) unlike hiragana, which are phonographic (i.e., like English letters, they represent only sounds). For this reason, kanji have the advantage of allowing readers to infer the meaning of a text simply by scanning and understanding the characters. Readings for kanji fall broadly into one of two types, on'yomi (Chinese reading) or kun'yomi (Japanese reading). Some kanji have only one reading, others several. In general, a kanji is given a Japanese reading when used by itself as a word, and a Chinese reading when used'in combination with other characters as a compound. There is only one set way of reading a kanji in a particular word. The body of kanji regularly used in Japanese publications such as newspapers and magazines is referred to asyoyo kanji (kanji in common use). There are 1,945 characters in the list of jöyö kanji officially designated by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, of which about 500 appear most frequently. These 500 make up 70 to 80 pefcent of all the kanji used in newspapers and other prose. Thus learners who master these characters will become able to read most Japanese writing while looking up the other 20 to 30 percent in a dictionary.
Introducing the Cast The following characters feature in this textbook.
/ (r
T*/
11 \ 11//
A
John Mills (35 years old), a Canadian, Is a member of ABC Foods' sales department. He is single.
Akira Kato (46 years old), a Japanese, is the section chief of ABC Foods' sales department. He is married.
7yy9
•
Marie Martin (25 years old) is from Paris, France. A member of ABC Foods' sales department, she used to live in Japan as an exchange student.
Mayumi Nakamura (25 years old), a Japanese, works as a secretary to Ms. Sasaki. She is single.
Shil
Keil
Daisuke Suzuki (24 years old), a Japanese, is a member of ABC Foods' sales staff. He is single.
Mel Chan (30 years old) is from Hong Kong. Sfie works In ABC Foods' sales department. She is single.
F
V
9'^)-y
Frank Green (55 years old), an American, is the president of the Tokyo branch of ABC Foods. He lives in Tokyo, with his wife.
Ichiro Yamamoto (45 years old), a Japanese, is the president of the Kyoto branch of ABC Foods.
Sachiko Nakajima (Marie Martin's former homestay.mother) and Emi Morita (the teenage daughter of the Nakajimas' next-door neighbors, the Moritas) also appear in this book, as do Kyojiro Yamakawa (organizer of a civic orchestra) and a host of others.
it is sometimes said that Japanese people are not very good about making up their minds on their own. Seen from another perspective, however, this means that the Japanese language is rich in expressions for involving others in decision-making, among them the sentence-ending T" L i: -) covered in this unit. Learn tp use this and other expressions to discuss choices with others in such familiar situations as picking gifts or souvenirs.
Mr. Mills and Mr. Kato are talking in the office during their break, discussing the upcoming summer vacation.
t m -
:
^HNXs
4^^i±
i^^-
fc^,^^lf$
^^'cé
^/bx^Aii?
n ^ t ^ ^ o
^ H N i t ^ \
tic ^ J l X
:
x.Xo
-fgj^^'
^ H N T L
J: 9
^ \
IcA $
,
-.p.
9
A l t o ^ JlX
: h^)7^'^i
z:^\
^t t o
fc^^^.n
N L i
t o
Mills: Mr. Kato, next week we have summer vacation. Are you going anywherè? Kato: No, this year I'm not going anywhere. What about you? Mills: I'm going home to Canada. Kato: Are you buying any souvenirs (to take back)? Mills: Yes. What would be good? Kato: How about a yukata? Yukata are in fashion lately. Mills: Yukata. Where do they sell them? Kato: Hmm . . . my wife would know better. I'll ask her later (and see what she says). Mills: Thank you. I'd appreciate it.
VOCABULARY
t i t X
tic
Mills (surname)
recently
somewliere, anywiiere
be popular, b e fashionable
anywhere, nowhere
( l i t , " t h e alternative o f . . . " )
Canada
later
something, anything
t r y asking
w o u l d (it) b e g o o d ?
t r y a n d see h o w it goes (see p. 9)
informal cotton kimono
This sentence, used to initiate a conversation, means "Summer vacation starts next week, doesn't it?" When someone says this to you, you should respond by talking about your plans for vacation (if you have any) or by asking the other person what his or her plans are. The following sentences are used in much the same way, i.e., to start a friendly dialogue with someone.
hlfzli
^t^T-f^o
We have the day off tomorrow, don't we?
Christmas is coming soon, isn't it?
2. ^ ^ ( z } z i ) a
•,
n(^')^t^^o
Mr. Kato omits hfz L (± here because it is easy to infer, given that Mr. Mills has asked him a question about his plans. Instead, he makes (Z ^ L ) the topic, implying a contrast with previous years, i.e., "Last year might have been different, but as for this year.,. ."
3.
iJlX^/^ii? Sometimes you can omit the last half of a question and use just a noun and the particle (± to express the meaning "What about. . .7" Here Mr Kato is asking, "What about you, Mr Mills?" The implied question can be "What do you planto'do?" or any of a number of others. Usually the meaning is clear from the context, so just answer however you wish.
4.
^•ó'fzTi-^\ This sentence is pronounced with a falling intonation. It expresses Mr Mills's understanding or acceptance of Mr Kato's suggestion, "How about a yukata?" It is not a question, and Mr Mills is not seeking confirmation from Mr. Kato about what a yukata is, either.
5. When someone asks you a question and you cannot answer right away, or you do not know the answer, you can respond with this interjection. Lengthen the "a" and pronounce it with a falling intonation.
n
G R A M N A R S.^ PATTERN PRACTICE I]
Referring t o Indefinite Places, T h i n g s , o r People ^"C
means "somewhere" or "anywhere." To express the idea of "some
" or "any
," add
•0^ after the appropriate question word. For example:
i^-ó''
something/anything
tic TCYLT)^
someone/anyone
\^^-/]^
sometime
When you use words like these in sentences, you can omit the particles that ordinarily go with them whenever it is obvious from the context what they should be. For example:
I will buy something.
Are you going anywhere over the weekend?
Is there anyone in the room? O O/^^ is an exception in that it is never followed by the particle
Let's meet sometime, jpjjj'^
<^
( f means "any/some souvenir"
tic tic I will buy some souvenirs.
Complete the sentences by choosing the most appropriate word: ^' C 7 i \ >.
fj'^^, or
TJ^ . Use each word only once.
1) VNVN
TA^T-f^o
2) h
L/x hyyr
3) ^ T è 4)
(
I NO?}''
fz
sometime room
) fz-
(
s o m e o n e , anyone
4
fzM^,
(
IXlo ) ifz
n^fz^'T-to
<
11 s t a t i n g a n d A s k i n g P r e f e r e n c e a n d S o l i c i t i n g S u g g e s t i o n s A noun followed by H ^ T t means that the noun in question "would be good." You use this pattern to state your preference or (in the form of a question) to ask what someone else's is.
htzL\±
r7-t-7^^"
VNVNTto
I'd like coffee, (lit., "As for me, coffee would be good.")
(D^ij
V.NOTto
As for a beverage, I'd like coffee.
htzLiX
(D^i^(D\X
r?-t-7j<
VNoTto
I'd like coffee, (lit., "As for myself, as far as beverages are concerned, coffee would be good.") You use'fpf ('j.'I-) 5^^'
>.^^,^TL J: 9
to ask someone for a suggestion regarding a choice.
tic
What would be a good souvenir? (lit., "As for a souvenir, what would be good?")
H Construct sentences as in the example. tic
1) ic(j/.r'(7)
Uyxy. tAJ:-7 xf
2)
'i-o^t^<75
'j J: C 7 .
YlZ
U Construct sentences as in the example.
t: —S> 2)
ti-lc
7°DVx^h<73
fiK
beverage
tzii:-/!''
example
y'Dxx
dessert
f- — 7
lesson
' ;7 h
Tanaka (surname) project chief
5
[Ill
M a k i n g Comparisons (I): Expressing the Comparative Degree
"the alternative of," and things that are inferior
precede J; ' j , "than."
Wine is more expensive than beer. To ask which of two things or people is "more" in some respect, use ^ . . . ^ K iy'ó^... T " f ^ ^ If the second noun in the answer (what comes before J; ' j ) is obvious from the context, you can leave it out, together with J; ' j , as in the following example.
A : 7^y<7) Q: A:
(t:-;l.J;ij)
tz-ö^^'Tir.
Which is more expensive, wine or beer? Wine is more expensive (than beer). ¥600
¥500
f l Look at the menu and make up questions and answers as in the example.
3-5 T-^
1)
C 9 -> Q
v ^ i - X .
^tv^
:
A : 2)
T ^ X ^ i j - A . - ^ Q
:
A :
";ri.v,:ici,.:(ii,v
t h a n (particle) w h i c h o n e (of t h e t w o )
/b^HN
280R 300H 3S0H ZBOR 400 R 4S0Fi 600R
15 Compare the countries in the table and make up questions and answers based on the information given, as in the example. Countries of the world by area (km^) 17,075,000
r /
Ij
il
9,976,100
1) i i t f \
9,628,400 9,600,000
8,512,000
^ - x
h x ' j r
7,686,800
7xx;U
Q : A : 2)
^=11. t - x
hy^jr
-> Q : A : 13 Compare the countries in the table and make up questions and answers based on the information given, as in the example. Consumption of wine by country (liters per capita per annum) y y y y
58.2
ifs]\^ \ i f i l
49.1
A9')T
52.7
y<4
35.2
m) jto
^)
y
33.5
ll—y^T
-i 9 ' J T A . y y y y A IL ML -^QMj^ijTA^ y^yxA^ Y:t,h^^ fz<^/L CL IL A : yyyyA
yA.
7t°/ihir/iA
IL Q :
:
A :
:
"2) r / i - \ f y t y A . J I - ^ ^ T A IL IL Q : A.:
cj->T
Russia
T/l/Hi'y-f-y'
Argentina
y'y'Jjl
Brazil
il—-?^-]'
Romania
t'Jl
h 'h'l\'
X'N'f y
Portugal Spain
23.1
u^yt
Il^v/ M a k i n g C o m p a r i s o n s (2): Expressing t h e Superlative D e g r e e To say that one person or thing is "the most" or "the best" among several, you use a noun follow/ed by (D tt-T^/^T; followed by another noun and t(>^ ^^i^ i f X . The word v ^ expresses the superlative degree of comparison, i.e., "the most," "the •
( ± X , "number one,"
est." For example,
^^i^li
A -f $ means "most likeable," and V ^ Tt, {±X $ it^ ^ means "prettiest," "most beautiful."
Soccer is the most popular of all sports. Note that you can omit
Q-.xrn-y
est?" you use the same basic pattern but with a
( t M c ) , Jl"^, /H"^,
{
W
Q:
What sport do you like best?
A:
I like soccer best.
Note that you use
Z,or^'-^.
vN^iiX
ir^Ti-^\
"which one," instead of i"^ (ttMc) , "what," to ask which item among a
limited selection of three or more is "the most" or "the
A:^ytl-^'
v^^>i^X
est."
-f^T-fo
Q:
Which (sport) among soccer, tennis, and golf do you like best?
A:
I like soccer best.
m Fill in the blanks with the appropriate question word.
2)
Q:
B^(D
i ^ J ^ ^ \ i r {
IcA
A-.^^^tz-f}'
\'i^\XL
A%^^
* ' j i t o
:cA S 3)
Q : ijx
hcD
{IL
number one family ( h o n o r i f i c prefix) list
^£-f3-r
(
i
g Look at the graph and make up questions and answers as in the example. Average yearly rainfall and temperature in Tokyo
I
°C 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 -15
I rainfall temperature
UL
1) V ^ ^ | ± X Q
.
itJ^'
:
A : 2) vN^tiJX -> Q
h^^'
i^^^'
hiö^'
-r<^xvN
:
A : 3) vN^tlfX •
-> Q
:
A :
(\y
" D o i n g S o m e t h i n g to See H o w !t G o e s " You use the -fe form followed by <^ i t
to express the idea of "do something and see how it goes"
or "try and . . ." For example, * v N T ^ i t
Change the form of the verbs to ~ T <^ i t
1) 2)
means "I'll ask and see what she says."
as in the example.
ii^t-r r?.- h ^
$
i t
<
it rains a lot
N
few/, n o t many, little, n o t m u c h
rain
< o
shoe
a lot, many
l± * ± - f
p u t o n (shoes, pants, etc. over t h e f e e t )
it does n o t rain m u c h
^ i -f
p u t o n (clothes)
:ani
P R A C T I C E
1
WORD POWER Souvenirs:
^-^=1—
5 3
M 4
10 II
T W T
F
5
7
1 Z 8 9
12 13 1^
1^
6
S
17 18 19 20 21 22 2j 24 2S 2Ê 27 28 2? 30
®
® ^ 9"i7 y 7°
! cell p h o n e case address boolc key h o l d e r
10
nnouse p a d
calendar
-7 9'ti'vy'
mug dish
7)
mi
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE I. Talking with a colleague about what to buy as a souvenir for other colleagues:
5 JlX :
9 r-tno
L J; 9
W
V
NT L J: 9
o
Nakamura: Shouldn't we buy some souvenirs for the people at the office? Mills: You're right. What would be good? Nakamura: How about this mouse pad? It's interesting. Mills: Oh, it's a picture of Kabuki. It Is interesting. Isn't it? Well then, let's buy it,
(i ]}) II. Taste-testing souvenirs:
lilX:
i:^.
'J J; 9 ( 2 9
' ^ H N i L i 9o
Nakamura: Which would be a better souvenir, cookies or chocolates? Mills: Let's try one of each. Nakamura: They're both delicious, aren't they? Mills:
c
Well then, let's buy both.
)) III. Talking about souvenirs from one's home country:
Kato: Mills:
Mr Mills, what is a popular souvenir of Canada? Let me see. Maple syrup Is the most popular After that, smoked salmon is also famous.
Kato:
Both of them are delicious, aren't they? I like them, too.
iiiTi. i:\ I ~lc
p e o p l e at t h e office
t'^ihii
f o r (particle)
I) XT
cookie
7.^—9->)-—^y
each (particle)
b o t h , either i l l
both smol
SPEAKING PRACTICE I. Concluding that shopping is best done on weekdays:
:/iaB-
lii-
^'i
IJIX:
^iTtno
ifzo
in> 1 t-^U
^^^'ij
r:zij
-suLoco
z/Lr^^tt^^ho (i7'^<
Kato: Mills: Kato:
Did you go anywhere over the weekend? Yes, I went to a department store and shopped for all sorts of things. What about you? I was at home. On weekends it's crowded everywhere.
Mills:
That's right. As far as shopping goes, weekdays are more convenient.
^ P II. Having a guest at a party choose a drink:
\XX
^DH
: (DA^t>
:
U ^ y ^ '
^ JlX : U4 ya
12
tf-;l/^
ZJ-yyi^'
^,iJito
^^M'
vNVNT'to
hii^tl
« :
h-/]-i
Mills:
Welcome. Right this way. Would you like something to drink?
Kato: Mills: Kato: Mills: Kato:
Yes, thank you. What do you have? The beverages (that we have) are wine, beer, and cola. Which would you prefer? I'd like wine. Which wine would you prefer, red or white? Red, please.
fe/fa/^nNLito
in various w/ays
tS^V \ È W
shopping
everywhere
'Nl
U o
weekday
be crowded
C
fp
here ( w h e r e 1 am)
become crowded
u — -7
cola
red white
i
' READING m S K
X 3 y
• ^ ;l/X~^ ^ l l
i
ABCy-X0
L ^ v N X T t o
Answer the following questions:
t
ic UA
tic
2) ^HN7jnNTI±
feic$'~ij^
3) A B C 7 - X ~ | ±
^Xtt^
4) ^<7)
7°Dyx7h<7)
fetL^
^'Xtp'^^'
7°c7 y X 7 h ^ t-7l±
VOCABULARY
L
^ / b X ' ^ X i i
company employee food like very m u c h rice ball overseas
(fe) t L
sushi
-felt
geared t o w a r d , f o r (suffix)
TJH N | ± 0
development
t^
9 ^^VNT-f'J^
o < Ij i L
T^c^Ti-^^
T'C'J^
KANJI PRACTICE
+ come
'j
n n
n n 1 • •
i
week
^^^^^
^ t *
i t
r
4^ ^ 7
A
go
1'* • '[
now
—V
ti*A year
•
three
n
F5? H 3
EH four
r f five
7i
7^ six
-t
seven
w-f
1
'7 \
AO
\
\
eight
3^ 'iL « »i/< nine
ta
ten
Tf
1 "
4Tt?f < hundred
IC ttA
H-^ lt,*A
thousand
17
Mr. Mills is looking for a yukata at a kimono shop.
5 ]\^X
: ^t)^^/c^
^nN/b^A
- p . 20
I )IX :
^ic.
. p . 21
- p . 23
-i^
salesperson: May I help you? Mills: I'dliketobuyayukata. salesperson: Is it a present? Mills: Yes, for my younger sister salesperson: How about this one? Mills:
Uh, do you have a bigger one? My younger sister is taller than me, you see. About like this.
salesperson: Oh, she's a tall person. This here is our largest size. Mills: Well then, I'll take it. Please wrap it up as a present.
VOCABULAnV a b o u t like this
salesperson, clerk I w o u l d like t o b u y . . .
hh
o h , I see
this, this o n e (here) (polite)
person (polite f o r m )
uh . . . , h m m . . .
size
more
I will take that one
(particle; see N o t e 3 b e l o w )
7 HfV h
f o r use as a present
tall
f o r use as
h e i g h t , stature
wrap
tall, h i g h
You can omit certain parts of a sentence if the meaning is clear without them. Here l^^^7c(± is dropped from both the question and the answer, and the verb fe < ' J i t , "to send," or ^) i f i t , "to give," is omitted from the answer, leaving only ^ ^ 9 ^ I-, "for my younger sister" Japanese people often use sentence fragments like these when asking and answering questions. 2.
h(Dl You use h
3.
A(fefeO$VN(D|± h^)t^^^\ The particle
^ means "height" or "stature." The sentence V ^ i 7 J:^ (± -tf/^^" (TCTJ') V ^ T t means "My sister is tall in stature" and is a neutral, matter-of-fact statement. But notice that Mr. Mills uses ^ T -f here instead of T t . This makes it clear that he is trying to explain something or make a point. The point he is trying to make, of course, is that he needs a larger yukata. For other basic usages of / ^ T t , see Unit 2, Lesson 4, p. 57. 5. Z < 0 < % V N T t o Mr, Mills uses this expression while indicating his sister's height with his hand. 6. A ( f e f e ^ ) ^ V N ^^fz •Ó^fz, "person," is a politer form of A(U>^). Salespeople use polite language when talking to customers, or when talking about people or things connected with them. A (fe'feO $ ^ \ which ordinarily means "large," also can mean "tall."
7. ( ^ ^ ^ ) 7 ° H f ' y hffl (J: 9) 1^ 7° U-^'y
ooAT
h + ^ (X 1) means "for use as a pres.ent." Literally, then, Mn Mills is saying, "Please
wrap it up as a present." Other noun +^'(X
1) combinations include C ^^'^i ffi (J; 9 ) , "for
children," AAffl (fe' ^ ^ ' J; 9 ) , "for adults," and so on.
HI
{ 0
Getting Infoi-mation or Advice: "I'd Like to . , . B u t . . , 1" The phrase /^H N/b V ^ T t means "I want to buy." If you use 7c^ X T t i n s t e a d of /c V ^ T t , the implication is that you would like information or advice from the other party. You use ^^fz^ X T t ' ^ ' ^ " in a store, for example, to inhply that you are about to make a request, such as asking where an item can be found. N/C^ X T t J^'^'and other 7c >• XTt'^''"sentences often conclude with an expression you learned in Lesson 1: 'f^J' (ti-M-) o v N T L J: ') •ó\
fe<^^lf^
;*H^/cV^^Tt^)^
'fnr^^"
VNVNTLJ;77^\
I'd like to buy a souvenir, but what would be a good one?
Construct sentences as in the examples.
1)
fe^-tf^lc
^ f ^ i t .
2) X o i / x ^ h c O
^"c
r)HN$'^
L i t .
VN-i^
ilVNTUt 7
3) < 7 C 7 l C
^T^it.
4) * 7 ' c i ^ L o
ItvN/cVN^
^-^t^^'
T A L ^ ,
' j H v i t ,
AL^.
BL^.
Ji'Xb'J^"
fast A
20
L¥.
C o m p a n y A (The names of Japanese c o m p a n i e s o f t e n e n d in L ¥>, " c o m p a n y " )
( !
Making Comparisons (3): Singling O u t an Item for C o m p a r i s o n In Lesson 1 you learned the patterns
(
yp^^/zU
^ij
^^'Tto
Yukata are cheaper than kimono.
h c
Hotel A is the most famous in Tokyo.
¥10,000
¥300,000
Pretending you are Mr. Mills, construct sentences in which you compare your younger sister to yourself. Say that your sister is in various ways superior to you, as in the example.
1) zilly^^
2) J: <
t i 9-f'T-t-o
3) ^it^t,^'
J: 1 L i t e
fefev^Tto
—>
4) tz < ^ ^
x^t-to
kimono
21
II
ma 0 Construct sentences comparing Hotel A and Hotel B. Stay that Hotel A is better than Hotel B in some respect.
At^-T/lU
B.tx/UiU
JJlviXio
1) L-f^^
2)
U6\
3) ^-EX-ó^
vu
aa^ DO •> ° °
—(• n D DC°
4)
^TJH'
5) ^ x y
>7^^-
-h-LtzL
0 Construct sentences stating that Hotel A is "the most" or "the example.
#|J) l^7<)6VN
1 ) ^ /c b L ^ N
2) Am'*^'
* 'J i
t
i;^ S
4)
^c^ic
spacious
foreignbr
•9—tfx f-X7 y ^ y
service
foreign country
VOCABULARY
22
check-in simple
*,fjit
est" in Tokyo, as in the
I II;", •i.i.M
/ U S A G E NOTE \ The word
o J:^ also expresses the comparative degree. For example,
r) tl A (fefe)
$ V N means "bigger"
Do you have a bigger one? To state or ask how much bigger, you use other words.
Dd you have one that is a size bigger? t o ^ is not needed before the adjective or adverb that follows J; 'j in a sentence of the
. . X 'j type (see Lesson 1, p. 6) as it makes the sentence sound redundant.
i [ D l ' s t a t i n g Decisions You use I -
L i t
after a noun to state your decision when choosing something from among several
available altèrnatives. Be careful not to confuse this phrase with t)^ ^ u N T t , which indicates preference (see Lesson 1, p. 5).
Q : 7^~-f^- h ( ±
lti-t)\
A : T ^ X 7 ' J - A | C
L i t e
Q:
Which one of the desserts will you have?
A:
I'll have the ice cream.
Make up questions and answers as in the example.
•t>>
Q : tzLt
X iXf(D
y°y^yV{± LtLtzo
A : J - b - T l / y 7°ic 1) fe < ^
fe<^^(f\
LtLtz^\
^-^ y 7 L / X
-> Q :
:
A :
:
2 ) 7jnN$~'<7)
( f o j ; 9 Xf
Q : A :
7 V-y-'f X'
o n e size
U
day
23
WORD POWEi Adjectives:
(D(ï-f ^
®
< V N ^^^f,j5HS
low, short
•tj:4<\
V
soft
.^tTSnv
long short
fe
V
t V ^ l± T
(ic)
N
heavy colorful, gaudy
jJ^TcO
hard
i,r>\\
thick
t'^it:)
,5>I»
wide
9 -t'v ^
t h i n (of c l o t h , paper, etc.)
75^^900
cute
li'^-v*
thin, narrow
7}^-SIN
light, lightweight
-> y 7 V U (^1')
simple
plain, s u b d u e d
T
SPEAKING PRACTICE ^ ^
I. Trying on clotPies in a store:
customer: May I try this on? salesperson: Yes, the fitting room is over there. salesperson: How is it? customer: Do you have a slightly smaller one? salesperson: I'm very sorry, but this is the smallest size, customer: Oh. Never mind, then. ^ 1^ II. Asking for the same garment in another size: $ ^ < :
ZKH
fe^/i:
M-y-^xii
*iJi-ti-^'^\
•.
customer: Do you have the same color as this in a medium? salesperson: I'm very sorry. The mediums are sold out. They'll be coming in next week, customer: Well then, I'll come back next week. ^
III. Buying a computer:
:
' Til
J^^:.
zt:yh\t \1L^LX-f-h\9V'yyyti-^-X:"f-t)\
feLI±i^vN!±
$ ^ < :
i l - KT
fe/la^nNLi-to
customer: Do you have one with a slightly larger display? salesperson: In that case, how about this one? customer: Oh, this one is fine. I'll take this one. salesperson: Will you be paying in cash or with a credit card? customer: With a credit card. L*,^
fitting room
sold o u t
;
ov^T-f
nevermind
ll^vUÉ'f
g o / c o m e in, ë n t e r
fc'i'C
same
-f'-f X 7 ' U ^
display
m e d i u m (size)
( f e ) L l i fc o
payment
U ^ A
X
\fLi/L 9\/'y'vVil—Y
cash creditcard
25
WORD POWER I. Family:
®
o
®
@
:you
® ®
= male ®
:
®
®
I
®
I O
V
: female
®
®
• ®
® ® 'J J: 7 L ^ (C-ij J: 7 L A ) ®5C (fe5<:^5A) J: 7
®^J:7/-cV^
® fe ^ 7
T'CVN)
(fe ^ 7 ^ ^ A )
®#
®^|C
(felcvN^A)
® V
7 ^
N ^,
(V ^
7 ^ ^ A ) ® fev
® t ó u (aóvNC'^A)
® ^ , ^ (feLvN^A)
® fe i: (fe i: ^ A )
® fe (f (fe (f ^ A )
NOTE:
® (fe^^A)
N
(feu r'^ A)
® ^ ( ï (feif*,^ A)
The words in parentheses are used primarily to refer to family members or relatives of other people. Do not use them when talking to-other people about your own family.
II. Colleagues: ® ^"'9 U i 7
@ i: J; 7 L
I. others:
®-7y>'3y
^X'jA A UK
IC l i A
U J : ^ L ^ parents $ J : - 7 / i ' v ^ siblings, brothers and sisters a t nephew felf i * ^ '' niece ij Jt T grandfather U Jt 9 L
grandmother ' .S'TS^ uncle TvX^'Vh aunt v y v a V c O 75^^UI-^ colleague ^^L-IJ« ^ superior -tf^•^i-v ^
junior staff assistant apartment manager next-doorneighbor teacher
iPEAKING PRACTICI i))
I. showing photographs of famiiy to coileagues
Itll
lilt
l:^ #
kit-
èt
hkt
tzt^
(These are) my parents. They live in the suburbs of Vancouver. My dad worked in a bank, but last year he quit his job and now he is at home. Everyday, he goes fishing or does the gardening. My mom teaches cooking. My mom's recipes are very popular. These days she is busier than my dad. (These are) my sisters. My older sister Diana and my younger sister Anne. They are both very tali. My younger sister is taller than me but shorter than my older sister My older sister is the tallest among us. My older sister is a basketball player. My younger sister is a model.
Vancouver
i]'—-T^y9'
gardening
,5>/c U
Zn-i^^^
suburbs
l/vt"
recipe
/^X-^ry h #'—.'Hf A L
^i6i-t(R2)
quit
/-f T-f
Diana
- 3 IJ
fishing
T V
Anne
MLLm> ^ f l l
t
both of t h e m basketball player player, a t h l e t e model
27
^ I))
II. Choosing a souvenir for one's father:
^
if A K : li\^X
fec^^lfTt5«\
:
'A.\z,
mX:hh.
\t-i-s:(n ILW^-^
i^\^tz\^LX-f-fi^
zmz'lti-o
VNVNTt^o
guide:
Are you looking for a souvenir?
Mills:
Yes, for my father. I'd like to buy postcards of flowers.
guide:
How about these? The flowers of Hokkaido in the four seasons.
Mills:
Oh, these are nice, aren't they? I'll take these.
III. Choosing a souvenir for one's mother:
^^JlX:-^lz
H 4^ Ij J: 7 ' I <7)
lilt
i:
U y t° ^
l^^
T^^'^
J^M :
fz^'/LTir
^\
IC l i ^
T(±.
Z
H^'j
J:
9 Ij L
J:
7
TJHNC;)
DVD(±
^'^^^'Ti--ó\
IC UA
^JlX:hh. Mills:
ZKli
vNVNT-fo
Zitt
I'd like to buy some Japanese recipes for my mother Where can I find them?
salesperson: How about this? It's an English-language book about Japanese cuisine. Mills:
Z iz
It's thick, isn't it? Wow, it's heavy! Do you have a thinner one?
salesperson: Well, how about this DVD that presents Japanese cuisine? It's lightweight. Mills: Oh, this is nice. I'll take this.
t h e f o u r seasons
wow t h a t presents
-Ó^
I l ' ', ll.'l'l
t>t It Iff,
v> an
Tj^^wTto
^ N ° v i 7 y j ; ( j
^^vNTL/bo
^ y l / X ^ A I i
^ ; l / X ^ A ( ±
l / > ^ ; l / V 3
y
7°lc
^
L n ) 9 i o i c
^ t o T
D
V
D
^
7c
Answer the following questions;
2)
^7UX'^5AI±
3)
y
L^|)7i'^l= X 7 IJ - y ^
ltLfzfi\ ^ 1/ e (7)
X 7 IJ - y ^
^ 17^^"
V N ^ 7j<
$ H V N T ' L 7 ' C ^ \
4)
^ 7UX'^fA(±
Uy^ybvH-y7°T
'f^T^
7^^'JiL7'c^\
VOCABULARY
^j'C^'^
A k i h a b a r a (district in Tokyo)
X 7
screen
1/ y
IJ — > :7
'J i
V t
3
-y 7 °
rental s h o p b o r r o w , rent
29
KANJI PRACTICE A *
AA big
• 1 N
/
\
ti.ipizï
small
I private
V.
taU expensive
cheap
•) c: 7
ii
ff
1 n
for
T^- ^
shop
7^1
member
->
5C
X
9
fe5<:^5A Ki
father
•
till
fe#$A mother
T A R G E T DIALOG Mr. Mills realizes that he has left a bag of chocolates at the store where he was shopping, so he rings up the store to see if it is still there. Cl)
M -• i l X
{answering tiie plione) : - T A t ^ / i o
3
0
f X ^ ' ^ ^ J T Z! ^ \ ^ 1 1 o ^ C b v
i x
^pp. 3 4 - 3 7
: ^
(D^'Ar^<-V(D
A < 6 r i x i f ) \
JlX -p.38
i t o
^ ;l.X': :
9 r ^ ^ ^ i L/co Z(D
^ 3
3 U - h .
$HvsT
fetL^v^
/^y^-i/Tt^flo
UK
salesperson: Yes, this is Edoya. Mills:
Excuse me, but about thirty minutes ago, I left (lit. "forgot") a paper bag at your store.
salesperson: What kind of bag might it be? Mills:
It's a large, white paper bag, and inside it there are several boxes of chocolates. Is it not near the cash register?
salesperson: Is It a bag from Nozomi Department Store? Mills:
Yes; it is! Oh, good! I'll come and get it right away.
Mills:
Thank you.
salesperson: These chocolates are in a pretty, interesting package, aren't they? Mills:
It's a new product of ABC Foods. Please have a box.
VOCABULARY Edoya ( f i c t i t i o u s store)
~ T
L x 1 •0'^
m i g h t it be?
before
o h , g o o d ! (speaking t o o n e s e l f )
paper bag
f r o m now/, r i g h t a w a y
paper
c o m e a n d g e t (lit., " g o t o g e t " )
sacl<, b a g
^ 'j i
-f
take, get
^ — iy
f o r g e t , leave b e h i n d
LA L
s o m e , a n u m b e r of, several
J:
9
package
V^L
L A ~
be In/inside
new product n e w (prefix)
cash register near, in t h e g e n e r a l area o f general area
E M S ,. \.^f,h\z
.
:
.
V " _ _
i}-AV.{ht
-;
•
:
•
7
h-fKtltz.
You use f, to mean "there (where you are)" when speaking over the telephone to a person with whom you are not particularly close. The particle I- as used in this sentence indicates the location where Mr Mills left his bag.
A sentence ending with T t f)'' is a straightforward question, while one ending with T L i: 9 less direct and softer-sounding.
3.
\yiy(D
is
^.Tc'J
h> tz 'J, "in the general area," is a vague way of indicating a location when you do not remember it exactly. Its meaning is similar to that of 'tyii^ { , which you learned in Book I, but
, literally
meaning "vicinity," emphasizes that the location in question is nearby.
A. Z
$ H o T
fe^^L^VN
/ N ° y ^ - y T t * l o
• Here the salesperson has omitted the topic marker l± after -f- 3 ^ 1 / — h. Often in everyday speech you leave out (± and go straight into your comment about the topic.
33
^AR êi PATTERN PRACTIC 3 Connecting Related Sentences The particle T after a noun can serve as a conjunction equivalent in meaning to the -fe form. You use it to connect a sentence ending in T t to another, related sentence. You can connect two sentences in this way even when they have different subjects or topics, as in:
i j t f A T . im^/Ci±
5;UX^5A(±
B+ATto
Mr. Mills is a Canadian and Mr Kato is a Japanese.
(hi-^i)
or-
év^
t)^^s^< 6r\
^i^
i-sou-ht/^
x-^Tv^ito I*''
It's a white paper bag, and inside it there are chocolates.
H Construct sentences as in the example.
m) T t ^ A l i '1.1
X^XAT.
1) - f i H ^ A I i - < A c - L T t o
2)
CHI±
v^^lfX
3)
r ^ ^ A l i
X^v^
tATv^ito
(«^5A(±)
-fi-^ X T t o
57bX'^A(;)
(::HI±)
vN^^lfA
I! X^XATto
4)
c in li't
>mt>M
h-f^t^
thing left behind
T i '
Anna
$7UX-^A(±
^^/AT-to
Tto
i^vN T t o
The -te (or -de) form of an adjective, too, can act as a conjunction. For -/ adjectives, you get the -te form by dropping the final v ^ from the modifying form and adding < T , e.g.: év^
^
white
Ó < T -c
white and . . .
For -na adjectives, you drop
convenient
->
from the modifying form and add T .
convenient and . . .
Examples: Z(D
^^^o:<^|±
é < T
A^VNT'-fo
This paper bag is white and big.
The subways are convenient and cheap. You connect two or more adjectives with the -fe form when they are both/all either positive in meaning or negative. When you want to connect a positive adjective with a negative one, as in the following example, you have to use the particle -Ó\
This cake is delicious but expensive.
I Complete the sentences as in the example.
-*Z
i-f\^fz^Ai
-*Z
li^^fz^Ai
2)
3)
ifi^K -^Z(D
i4fA
i-f^^fz\Hi
:
35
( IJƒ
Describing Ongoing Actions o r States in E f f e c t
The -te imasu form of a verb indicates an ongoing action, e.g.,
I am drinking water or a state that is in effect, e.g.,
I am wearing a coat. The precise meaning—ongoing action or state in effect—depends on the meaning of the verb. If the verb expresses a process—for example, "to drink"—then -te imasu with that verb will typically indicate an ongoing action. If, on the other hand, the verb describes something that happens more or less instantaneously—"put on a coat," for instance—the meaning of -te imasu will be that the action has been completed and a state is in effect as a result.
I am wearing a tie.
I am wearing a hat.
I am wearing black shoes.
I am carrying an umbrella and a newspaper.
/-co
TV
N i t o
I am sitting.
I am standing.
p u t o n (a necktie) p u t o n (a hat) sit
I am riding in an elevator.
Two highly frequent verbs that well exemplify the "state in effect" meaning of -fe imasu are X V 0 'i i "t, "to go inside," and o $ i -f, "to attach to," "to come with."
Wine is in the glass.
A flower is attached to the bag.
Describe the pictures below by using the appropriate verb.
1) I±C1C 2) $ A C | C
^
3) ^-t- if;^-y Mc
:
;
4) ^ M f A l c 5)
X - V ^ - X i Z
6) v + y i c 7)
yf-lc
8) T ^ ^ -
1)
^ ^ ^
2)
3) L J: ^ V
fe^
4) Nothing
7 ) 7 7 ^ F't°-f h
/•7X
glass
+ + t ' ^ - - -y h
cabinet
iL\i-tz
/ < -y 9'
bag
X —"yir —X
suitcase
y ^ ' t
'^'b
a t t a c h (to), c o m e w i t h
-> + -y
box
T-"*'—i
apartment
safe
L J : •!> V ^
document
l± C iLZ
t i '
shirt
8)^
tag H'*°T h
•'
trench f r y balcony
(i±
HI]
" G o i n g S o m e w h e r e to Do S o m e t h i n g " You use the -masu stem of a verb, followed by- |C
0 $ i "t,
^
(
i t , or IC T^-^ X. ' j
i -f, to express the Idea of "coming," "going," or "returning" to do something.
I'll come and get it right away. Note that although the verb in this sentence is
$ i ' f , "to go," in natural English you usually
say "come" if you are imagining yourself to be where the other person is.
I Change the sentences as in the example.
1) ^i^^'t ^ i t o 2)
3)
fe
7
( D J ^ t - t o
- >
^
^
T ^ H N i t c
^
[ Read the following sentences aloud while considering their meanings, and repeat them until you have memorized them.
3)
^^)7 t / X ^
A) ^iZ/L^ 5) 7 ^ I C
J:
< IC
J:
$ o , T ^ % H N | c
izi-o^
hir^i
box lunch
zA^i::'
next t i m e visit (lit., " p l a y " )
^'Jic
^ijlc
n ^ i - f . n ^ t - f o
^ X ' j i t o
F
mm
WORD POWER I. Belongings:
® 7^^
®LJ:^VN
®^M±X
=7- h
®T^J:9
®ltvN/cV^
® V 7 7 -
® 7 r ^ 71/
7T^'"(tv^
@
7
®f)^^'
II. Materials:
® 7°7Xt-y 7
®
@ 7§^^
® 'y-ji
7^^»^
® e^--7U
I. Locations:
®U^fzL
^
glasses l
J:
i W i ' <
9 Ti^ltw
^
7'yXi-y
C
plastic
f-y
glove
leather
\lLfi.-i-£
d o c u m e n t envelope
vinyl
scarf
wool
wristwatch
nylon
9
desk bookshelf
39
SPEAKliMG PRACTICE P I. On the telephone with a taxi company's lost and found office:
t^i
•
-f^t'&Lo
^^.>„^
y^'y-lz
A : L J ; 7 L J : 9
Nakamura:
<^VN
^-h(D
fei^
Excuse me. I left a black leather coat in a cab.
person from the taxi company: About what time did you ride with us, and from where to where? Nakamura: This morning at about nine o'clock I got on in Shibuya and got off ^ in Roppongi. person from the taxi company: Please wait a moment.
II. In a coffee shop, asking whether one's forgotten umbrella has turned up:
1^
^-^'ltLtz-ö\
lilX:
r:i
^iX"t-f}\
r'^5^^i-t!:Ao
to
Mills: Excuse me. Was an umbrella left behind here? shopkeeper: What kind of umbrella? Mills:
It was a blue folding umbrella marked with the letter M. Just a while ago I was sitting in a seat near the window. Is it under the chair? shopkeeper: Please wait. shopkeeper: I'm sorry. I looked for it, but it isn't there. Mills: Oh. Thank you. It^ L I
• 1 L i
j
at ( t£-^^^ a^lfzfzA^ •7 — ^^ -7 $
this m o r n i n g a little (polite f o r m ) please w a i t (polite fo.rm) fold-up, folding mark j u s t n o w , only a m o m e n t a g o
-tf J
seat
m^Lt-t
l o o k for, search f o r
Z'i'^^t-H/^
it is n o t t h e r e (polite f o r m )
WORD POWER I. Parts of the body:
® < Xf
®U^' II. Parts of the face:
®f)'A. (
®
®Utz\^ ®tn)
(if)
® (±^/
©life ®U\i' ®hU ®
<
%
li. Personalities:
®
fe
L6 VN
® $ t/' L o ® fe ^
LV^
neck 9 T
irp
arm chest, breast
an
elbow
Ulf
knee
eyebrow nose
waist
7}^^ ( c o l t )
(If)
<%
gentle, kind i t x $
m
cheek b e a r d , mustache
energetic mild-mannered
±\:tö(ii:)
serious
ear
stubborn
mouth
strict
hair
cheerful
mean
forehead
cold
41
^
I.Talking about a famous person one saw:
Nakamura: Yesterday I saw a famous person at the airport. Mills:
Oh? Who?
Nakamura: Uh . . . uh . . . He's a Brazilian soccer player with big eyes and long hair. . . Mills:
I know! Ronal, Ronal something or other.
Nakamura: Right! That guy!
[^) II. Talking about an apartment one found:
^ l i x :
Y:L-^£
r ^ < - V T - f ^ \
Nakamura: I finally found a good apartment. Mills:
What kind of apartment?
Nakamura: It's not very spacious, but it's new, close to the station, and has a small terrace attached. Please come and visit sometime.
Xr)
really?
%.7^t
hmm..., uh...
•y- y 7!7 — I f A L *
h-b^':'fz
soccer player Iknowl
-tiL'C-h'' V ó
A-T'i^Ui'f
something or other
%^^i-fi
small
t h a t is r i g h t
r 7 X
terrace
a t last, finally be able t o f i n d
]
R E A D I N G
TASÊC
V
fe ^ ^ < ^5 A ^
fe
< Ij 1^
t
Ltzo
N $ X o IC
^ Ij IC
Answer the following questions: 1)
llX^X^Ut
^
2)
^;UX^AIi
^HN^Xoic
3) • ^ / U X ^ 5 A I ± 5)
^ )\^XiL(n
5i:^X
IT^HNC;)
'fpj^
XJ\£-\Z
X^xiM
^Xt-
jnT^
ltLtz-ö\
h-fKtLtz-ö\ f i j d t fe < U lc
T ^ J: 9
^f^iL/ci^
X-f-b\
VOCABULARY about, concerning
fe^b'j
i t
e n d , finish table
fe< ' j i c fe < U i 7 U-A
^T$it t
see ( s o m e o n e ) o f f send frame brown system n o t e b o o k
43
t
in
AU
i t
A
A t L i t A n enter
A ^
A tf
*AB1H •> !> J: •?
V
fire
A f
c water
9 .
iLiï
tf
gold money
45
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) 7 ° H f > hl± 3)
v^*. 7
)
(
4)
(
)
~)
5) X-^^-K Ul
g (
^^v^T•L J: i f)\ "d^'
U^yy^^
S}"'^'"^"
XoTvNJto
T^HN (
)
m t t o
Choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
B : VNVNx.. (
)
1 . ^~~CT
2.
2 ) A : <75.^^;<73(± B :
^-ti:^TL/co
>fZ iz
3 . ^"'Z
r7-t-^
Z i t, ^ tl (
t - ^
)
1
3 . ^'"^>b7^^~
fe^^lf^
2.'^^)-
)
4.^5J'^^
bic
4 . ^"7
7^^|^X^
^-t^iL/co
^M±XTt7j\
I.^X^j.'
2 . ^'~7 L T
5) A : - f - L ^
l^v^T-f'^^
7^^v^i-ti:^^^„
3. tU'Ltj:
4) A : t ^ i - t t A c B : (
)
am^'^^lÈi-. 2.^7j<
3) A : (
t
4.
-Z/L.l't^tl
3.v^o
t $ ^ $ «
4. ^ X T
t T
41=
(
)
vNt,iiX
tèT-f^J^
41:
] ] ] I Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense. 1)
Z
2 ) ^5V^,^C0 3)
3(7)
4)
A4-^f-;H±
5)
^IMC
(
tic
<-o¥
). ^ ^ ' j T - f o
7 l/x-y h^-KT^^' (
) c^Tt (
^-My-f)'
feTi^*
(
(
(/jN^v^Tt) "
VNVNTt^\ ). ^ ^ ^ X
) IC ^ T $ i L / i o
) v^ito
(xUit)
(li^it) ^ ^ H v T X o (VHNTX) («^i-r)
• l^'/
Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
Li^jO^N 2)
Z
2.fetvN
o - h .
1 . LT 3)
(
) ^Ti,
2. $ T
4.^-;^^^
wvNTt'*^
3. livNT
7 It-^lt : 9 It-^ltT-fo c z i c X i x :
4.
i\l'^'oX
x^^x^^(D
9 c X ^ v ^ i t o ^^T (
1.fe<'Jlc 4)
3.;^VN
CtL^
2.^5^Xlc
)
3.,hiriHz
2.0'3AT
5) T^^-hc7? (
) IC
1.^~~9UJ;9
2. L J ; 9 L
m t - r .
)
3.'^v^T
:^t/(7?
h^)iirX<.
4 . ^ U lc
h f f l l c (
l.-^T^^oT
iö^^m^
4.'^<-^T
fe^^lf^
*,!fiL/co
3.rvX^yh
4.^X'jA IC/C
./^
Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) A $ v N (
ijAril )
(
2) ^ ^ l ±
(
) (
r7-h7j<
) (
3) « (
^x/LT-to
) 5C<7)
) (
)
) A^^<
(
)
tlijt;t,^<
AA'
(
*)';i-to
9^IC )
^i-fo (
)
47
The focus of this unit is, as the title suggests, building rapport. One expression commonly used in daily conversation, and useful in building relationships of trust and understanding, is the sentence-ending ^ T " ^ . This ending carries a variety of nuances depending on how it is used and thus is said to be particularly difficult to master. But one learns best by doing, as the old adage goes; so first listen to how A T ' - f is used in the dialogues in this unit, and then try out the expression in real conversations with the Japanese people
i
It's seven o'clock In the morning. Mr Mills comes to the office earlier than usual and to his surprise sees Ms. Nakamura there.
t #
:
^ JlX
vHNXo
I J I X :
c^T^X
B t f t
- f ^ ^ T i - o
: H^-'?
^ ;l^X : z C T
tj^?:;!;-^ ;
4^0(i
i - 6 / L T i - ^ \
{sees Shika Chandra enter the room) i:^.
h.
i7 ^/L'Ó^
; ^ X l f O To
Mills: You're early, aren't you? Do you come at this time every morning? Nakamura: No. Today I'm going to do yoga, starting right now. Mills: Yoga? Nakamura: Yes. I'm taking lessons twice a week from Shika of the systems department. Mills: Do you do it here? Nakamura: Yes, I use this yoga mat. Mills: Oh, really? Nakamura: Oh, here's Shika now. Mills: Well, enjoy yourselves. 50
^ÈLfzo
early
<
213
twice
come
t i m e s (counter)
starting n o w
systems d e p a r t m e n t
yoga
department
do
mat
per w e e k
use
week
o h , really?
s
iipï L*9
per (particle)
^ X l f ^ / ^ X l f ' j i-t
doone'sbest
This expression means "It's early, isn't it?" You often use it in the morning to start a conversation. Mr. Mills is surprised that Ms. Nakamüra is at the office at 7:00 a.m. and is interested in the reason. However, since it would seem a bit abrupt to ask the reason right away, he starts off by commenting about how early it is, thus indicating that he wants to talk to Ms. Nakamura.
2. You usually address a person by their surname followed by ^ Xv, though you can sometimes use their given name and ^ ^ depending on the person and how well you know them, or depending on the formality of the situation. Here we can assume Ms. Nakamura knows that Shika Chandra prefers to be called by her given name.
There are three points to be made about this sentence: (1) The particle |C, "from," is used with the verb ^J: whom one receives lessons, in this case Shika.
(2)
h^^tiT,
"to learn," after the person from
^ -oX^^i> is the plain, present-affirmative form (to be discussed shortly)
i " . Here ^X^^i
of^Xh-oX^^t
denotes a habitual action.
(3) By using ^ X'iT, Ms. Nakamura is offering an explanation of why she is doing yoga at the company. (For the basic usages of /CX"'t, see p. 57.) •4. ^ X - o Mr. Mills is showing an interest in his colleague's unexpected answer. This is one of those expressions that comes out almost unconsciously. If you say it either with too much emphasis or indifferently, it sounds sarcastic, so be careful. 5. i : ^ . ^ X l f o T o Ti'A.il'o X is a shortened, less formal form of 5^^X(±X T < ^ V \ f r o m t h e verb ^ X i f ' J È •f", "to do one's best." Traditionally you used this expression to wish people good luck or encourage them. Nowadays, though, you use it more broadly to mean "take it easy" or "enjoy yourself."
Ü / : PLAIN F O R M S OF V E R B S ~ \ In Book I you learned the -masu form with its variations -masen, -mashita, -masendeshita, and -mashó. The -masu form represents a standard polite speech style, one that anyone can use in almost any situation without sounding rude. In this lesson you will learn about plain forms, which express another, more casual speech style known as the plain style. As the table below shows, there are plain-form equivalents for the -masu form and each of its variations. tense present aff.
plain-form equivalent
-masu form ^X
dictionary form
present neg.
-na\ form
past aff.
-ta form
past neg.
-nakatta form
Plain forms have two functions. One, as already noted, is to express the plain style, which is used In conversations among intimates (to be discussed in Unit 5) as well as In certain forms of writing (to be discussed in Unit 4). The other is to modify elements in a sentence to create a variety of semantic constructions, among them ^ T ' f presented in this lesson. As the table shows, plain forms have two tenses, present and past. However, when a plain form is used to modify another word, its tense does not indicate the tense of the entire sentence, nor does it show the politeness level of the utterance, both of which are determined by the form at the end of the sentence. There are also plain forms for adjectives and nouns H - T t . You will learn about these in Unit 3, Lesson 8 (p. 121).
52
{ O
Plain Forms of Verbs (1): Present-affirmative a n d Present-negative Tenses The conjugation table below will help you to understand how to make some of the plain forms from the -masu form. Verbs have basic conjugated forms that are useful to remember (the -na/form, the -masu form, the dictionary form, the conditional form, and the volitional form). The plain form corresponding to the present-affirmative -masu form is the dictionary form, called that because it is the form in which verbs are listed in dictionaries. The plain form of the -masen form is the -na; form. In this lesson, you will review the verb forms you learned in Book I and also learn how to make the dictionary form. You will learn about the volitional form in Unit 4, Lesson 11, and the conditional form in Unit 5, Lesson 14. As you learned in Book I, Japanese verbs are divided into three groups based on their patterns of conjugation. The following table shows how Regular I verbs change their stem vowels (a-i-u-e-o) in the various conjugations, while the stems of Regular II verbs do not change. There are two verbs that fit into neither the Regular I nor the Regular II group: ^ ( ( ) i> (dictionary form of ( i t ) and t i> (dictionary form of L i t ) . These are the Irregular verbs.
-nai form
-masu form
dictionary form conditional form volitional form
h 1
*fe9
T^Mtlf feJ; C
Regular 1
feJ:iflf
fei:r-r
l-j-Lit
lit
It-tirif
t-t9
tt,t-r
i o
iTIf
i
Licit
Ltó
L^lf
L
J;-
l \ t i
XU'ti(DtJ ^ X 'j
(DM
i f
fz
fz-^KM. h\1h
hl-ft-t
^ 9
•b^^h
1
tz
1
m x
1
Regular II
Ui
^ i t fe 'j i
t
fe'J
UX i
* i t <
Irregular
L i t NOTE:
The -na/form of ^ 'j i t
mm-i\
swim LicÉ-t
die
t-2>
1
fe 'j t L i f
fe U J: -7
* ^ l f
f X i
<
t ^ l f
(dictionary form h i , a Regular 1 verb) is tcv V
LXi
Change the verbs to their dictionary and -na/forms, as in the example.
•IV > Regular I
2) ï ^ i t 3)
tö$^i-r
->
4) ( i ^ L i t 5) t>t>t-t 6) h ^ t / i i -
^
7) XUtir
:
8) ^ ' j i - f
->
9)
->
10) ^ ^ ^ U i t 11) - ^ n v i t 12) ^ i ^ v ^ i t Regular II (NOTE: R2 indicates a Regular II verb in the vocabulary below.)
13) V N i t 14)
$ i t
• (wear)
15) * > r / i t 16) T i t
-*
17) L b - < i t 18) ^ ^ i t i t 19) . ^ - t i r i t 20)
feLxit
21) ^ 9 t a i t
^
^
Irregular
22) * i t 23)
L i t
t a k e o f f (clothes, shoes)
VOCARULAIY
54
Ittcli-f
t a l k , speak
*>ytt(R2)
take (a s h o w e r )
Ti-t(R2)
c o m e o u t , leave
L t ' < i -f" (R2)
investigate, l o o k Into
[fl
A s k i n g f o r a n d Offering Explanations (1) You use L T t "f}^ to ask about another person's circumstances, and kj T t to make someone else better understand your own. To get a feel for how these constructions are used, let's take a look at the Target Dialogue again. D l X :
li^v^Ttil^o
«
Z(n
Bff,aic
* é ^ T t 7 J ^
Mills: You're early, aren't you? Do you come at this time every morning? Nakamura: No. Today I'm going to do yoga, starting right now. Here the question ending in / C T t ^ ^ ^ shows that Mn Mills wants to know the reason why Ms. Nakamura has come to the office so early. ( t ^ ' h i ) Z (7) B ^ f a ^ L T J X ) IC ($) i t 7)^ and^$n ( i ^ ^ * ^ ) Z
t #
: Stf
:
D l X :
Mills: Nakamura: Mills: Nakamura:
{t-fiLX-f-h<)
XlX-o v X - f A$|3<0 Z C T
?
V7>^^|C
^J.XoTV^^^Tto
t•?.^Tt'J\
to Yoga? Yes. I'm taking lessons twice a week from Shika of the systems department. Do you do it here? Yes, I use this yoga mat.
Be careful about asking questions with L T t f}'^ all the time, though, since it can sound as if you are prying. Also, try not to overuse / C T t in answering people. There is no need to use / . / T t when you are just stating facts or telling someone what you saw just as it happened. Even if someone asks you a question with /C T t f)^, you do not have to answer with A T t unless you feel some special need to explain your situation. You can use verbs, adjectives, or nouns in front of L T t , but this lesson will deal only with verbs. As the Target Dialogue demonstrates, you use plain forms (the dictionary form, the -nai form, and their past tenses -ta and -nal
T t , see p. 57.
55
Complete the answers to the question as in the example.
i\^t>i
-f^lj)
ZM^h
i: i)>A
<
^Hs$-<7)
CrP/Lt/i
Li-f
A :
4-H{±
zM'h
T^Hx^c;)
^ A :
4^HI±
2)
C^T^X
-a.-3-7LL^Ji
Ct^A^X
xUti'TjHN^-X
j-^/jTj-é
Li-f '
-> A : v^Nxio 4^H(i
zM^ty
3)
tic
LzX(7)
x.-if-^^XXT
feJ:$-it
^ A : vHN;i„ 4 - H l i A) zM^h
fe$^<^5i^
A : Vn
zM^h
5)
vNt>lflc
i5^^xv^L^t
!±....
(iziiz
. fe^^<^fi^
t;^^;iic
•
n ^ i - t o
A : vNVNXo 4^H!±
6)
^ H v L ^ T
-> A : x.Xo 7) « lc|^^rx
*gr"|±A^
fz-^i-to
'ix-^rvxi-fo
-t> A : C !>-A
A :
d o preparations
Oi^lf
guidance
teleconference
tji^X.\z \^i±itji''i. i -f (R2)
meet, welcome
customer, visitor (polite f o r m )
- t ^ T ^ ^ J - t
be e m p t y
preparation
market s h o w (someone) a r o u n d , g u i d e
"f $ É i "
go to meet
become empty
In - ' . U l ' l
/ U S A G E NOTE \ Here we summarize tlie usages of ^ T t introduced in Units 1 and 2. More detailed explanations can be found in the Notes and Grammar & Pattern Practice sections. (1) as a prelude to a request or an invitation (see pp. 18, 69) ^^^/zt
^HN/::VN^T-r^M^X|C
h')tirb^)o
(LessonZ)
I'd like to buy a yukata, but. . . (where can I find one? / will you show me where they are?) h l f z
fe^•d:^lC
^t< ^ T • t ^ ^
L J: (c
VN7^^7^
(Lesson 5)
v\
We are going to a hot spring resort tomorrow. Would you like to come along? As the first example shows, you can sometimes get by with saying only the introductory part of the sentence. That is, you do not have to come out with the question directly. (2) offering an explanation (see p. 18)
(Lesson 2) Do you have a bigger one? My younger sister is taller than me, you see. (3) asking for or giving an explanation (see p. 50) ZZT
{Btft)
X;to Z(D
BifW
-thhT-f-h^ ^ y V t
(Lesson 4)
07J^9^Tto
Do you do (yoga) here? Yes, I use this yoga mat. (4) declining an invitation or a suggestion, (see p. 69) (Lesson 5) lo K.
Would you like to go to a hot spring with me tomorrow? I'm sorry, but I have things to do tomorrow. (5) stopping in mid-sentence (see p. 82)
tx^/•c^Tt^^•
o
I took medicine, but. . . (I still feel bad).
(Lesson 6)
'i!
Expressing Frequency The particle K following a period of time means "pen" When a number and the counter © (f)^^ 0 , "times," comes immediately after |C, the sentence tells you how many times per period someone does something or something happens. For example:
I'm taking yoga lessons twice a week. Common periods include:
(= 1
a week
^FBI)
1 H#f^
an hour
1 H
a day
^ ' ' ( = 1 y^^n)
a month
^
a year
(- 1 ^ )
The same IC + number formula but with a period instead of 0 (T^H
1 ^Ft^lc
lOBfFB^CXvN
v>.5 L 0 Ï 4 - A
l;
is also used.
< L i i i t
i^L
I study Japanese about ten hours a week. To review adverbs for expressing frequency (from Book 100%
V xo %
I
<
>1 $ >ds
always often
sometimes occasionally
ht 'J -tfX-tfX
0%
not very often (used with a negative form) not at all (used with a negative form)
Examples:
A : J: <
VB^yXt
Li-rv5\
B : xixio
B : % H T I ± A: B: A: B:
58
'j i - t i - A ^ ^ ^ic
5B
Do you jog often? Yes, i do. . Everyday? Not everyday, but about five days a week.
Lite
Lite
Almost every week I go drinking with colleagues.
Complete the sentences based on the schedule.
Monday
Tuesday 2 iclïACco
1
8
9 |ci^^c*co L/yXy
Wednesday Thursday Friday 3 4 5 iciiAc'w 'ys^'y^' t"y X y 10 11 12 l/yxy
Saturday
Sunday
6 f--x •
7
13 f--x •
14
i>"3
4='y/
ya^y9'
X^'-Zl/
1)
\Z(ILZ'
2)
x - X ^
3)
v ^ H ^ y / ^
\yyXy^^
i t o
^ b o T v x i t c LTvNito
/ USAGE MOTE \ Especially in long sentences, |C(J^C~C0 - ^ A ^ J ; ? ^ L i t (example at left) is often stated more simply as IC ^ C X $ J; 9 L i t . Both expressions mean "I study Japanese." Grammatically, ^ / C ^ J: 7 is a noun followed by the particle t and the verb L i t , whereas " ^ / C ^ J ; 7 L i t , with t left out, is itself considered a verb. Constructions of the latter type are called t •è verbs and are extremely frequent in both spoken and written Japanese.
almost
WORD POWER L The daily grind:
®fe$it
@v-v7-^
®7)^fe^
®(±*
3
fl
cO
®9*>^ $/§^'X- i
T i t
® XLL i
t
«z*7j^~$it
1i l
®T^L^|c
^ ^
^ i t
<75'j i - t
ES I
s ®7!7 7 x l C
i±i: * b i t (7?<^if
^ 1
x^
mi
(R2)
•>+7-
li
.
<^ i t
get up
X - ' y
shower
ST^^-X*
x u i t
change (clothes)
face
café
wash
stop o f f
teeth brush
karaoke
suit (R2)
Utiöi, (R2)
itz 1 tzl
song sing news
begin, start
( «
. ^ ^
bath
tavern
itl^
(R2)
g o t o bed
II. Things to do on days off:
L i t
L i t
^ T $ i t ,
feL^-<'j^
Lt-r
* ^ f / ' i t
L i t
'jJ;Z7^
L i t '
L i t
® 1
%
-^i'jÈi-
L i t
T
< D L X f ^ }
^Lfzii
L
i
t
-ti,
do laundry
-ti"/.'?c<
laundry
'<—<^a- — t: - f i
have a barbecue
y<—<^^_ ' i V c o l t - S (R2)
barbecue •
tidyup
fe'L^.'^U*
-f i
feLf^U
Yy^y't: -f i Vy-iy' OLXf^]-t.i
talk, chat talking, chatting go for a drive drive relax
61
SPEAKING PRACTICE ^ ||)
I. 8:00 a.m., talking to a colleague who is preparing for a trip: Ï
L
JlX
o ^ J: 7 i:-f-b\
xi.0
I )IX
1 ^^
y y7>%i<-;l
ic (±
uzi^T
yyifTfs-)Uz
j; <
^T<^T-f-o
r t ^ \
i-^y I )IX Mills: Chan: Mills: Chan: Mills:
(f^^
Are you going on a business trip? Yes, I'm going to Singapore on an eleven o'clock flight. Do you often go to Singapore? Yes, I have a meeting (there) every month. That must be tough. Take care.
II. 12:00 noon, talking to a colleague who Is eating lunch:
yij^L\t ^flyVy-.xXomn
xXoiltiLtf Suzuki: Chandra: Suzuki: Chandra: Suzuki:
fe-:^^7^
mx
#B
t-^X -^{^LX-t.
b<\Ax<-b^
{hhX'-f-f)\ ^i^^Ut
•jy\is^
Not at all? That's right. Almost every day it's either eating out or a box lunch from the conve-
iyyifrf.—il
Singapore
iv^-^$
every m o n t l i every (prefix) (•^•)
^^^7T••to
Shika, do you bring a lunch every day? Yes, every morning at 5:00 a.m. I get up and make one. Mr. Suzuki, do you cook? No.
nience store.
/cv
'J J; 7
t o u g h , r o u g h , hard
U J: 9 ' i * ^ L J: <
Lift
cook eating out
'( !)) III. 3:00 p.m., handing out sweets that one's boss has brought to the office as a souvenir; A'ii
•
ts^W
i^fi-^lTi-o
^\
it^A^i'^t,
X 1
fe^^ifrto
fz
iJlX-.hK-o.
m:^-
t:'i
i^^'^'t-rXofBU
mtzt,>l
L^otL^o^
/ c ^ ( i 7/c'v ^<75
n
U Jt
No, it's not that. Today I'm going to an all-you-can-eat shabu-shabu restaurant with a friend.
/ CULTURE NOTE \
7
It is customary in the Japanese workplace for suppliers to visit the offices of their clients, or for employees to return tp their offices after a business trip or vacation, with sweets—usually a specialty product—from some place they have visited. Such confections are usually given out around three o'clock (tea time) to staff seated at their desks.
^^^7T•to
uki, do you cook? ' ' ^ 1^! IV. 5:00 p.m., talking to a colleague who is about to leave the office early for a change: 1 from the conve-
IXK Suzuki: Mills:
Itellff
t / y t ^ \ z
niLT-To
You aren't going to work overtime today? That's right. My sister has come over from Canada. We're going to karaoke together, right now. See you later
A'-t, t Ï
izii^l
department manager
^ K r ,
what?
!ï'<
I/me ( i n f o r m a l ; used by m e n a n d boys)
o
\ VT'-f
; /A
C^o
L
no thank you, I am fine. h
diet
^
.j;
differ L . j ;
fz-
shabu-shabu all-you-can-eat do overtime w o r k overtime
@
BU
® ^5 ^" 7
® B
'j
J:
®x
7 'J
h U—— y j ' *
training
'>i-4 9 ') y^'
cycling
f ' A H y ^ '
diving
X y —
K
snowboarding
U t
b^O
Y'ÉWIfU K't
i'^ijX it'l
nnountain c l i m b i n g '
T}^ <
mountain
U <
karate tea c e r e m o n y
hfz\^Z fzfz<.
draw, paint play (an i n s t r u m e n t ) Japanese d r u m beat, play (drums)
D) I. Talking with a colleague about exercise habits: (4.
-ti- S
lL)flt ya^^yXt
2;bX'^/C(±
XX. mz
2®
LTvNi-f^\ LTvNito
i JlX : 7 t,
Do you do any kind of exercise, Mr Mills? Yes, I go jogging twice a week. Where do you run? Near my home. There's a park near my home. About how long do you run? About thirty minutes.
I PARTICLE R E V I E W \ Take special note of the particles in these sentences: x.-t;-y^-7XS
r - x ^
znxkM
T - X ^
zixLm
vs^y^m
•fOjlt'JS
L i
^T^ito L i to
liLUito
to
I play tennis at a fitness club. I go to a park to play tennis. I jog in the park. I run along Aoyama Avenue. I walk near my house.
LTAL^S ^iQH
iL^il'i
i*,S
lÉJ'jito
<7)(3'ijitc
-fh
MLh
run U
I climb mountains.
street, avenue (suffix)
exercise exercise
1
Aoyama Avenue
I travel around town on bicycle.
L;T^L^^'
thi
bicycle travel a r o u n d , g o a r o u n d climb, g o u p ( s o m e t h i n g )
II. At a bus stop, Interacting with an elderly neighbor who is carrying a duffle bag:
IJIX : •
feX^x<73A
: X
iiL-f£
9 y XK
n <
LT-fo
3 5
I'm going to a fitness club. What kind of exercise will you do? Weight training and swimming. Do you go (there) every day? I go about three times a week.
III. Talking to a colleague who is carrying some flowers:
•t-f
s
"f-^y : ^i^i ^ M t l f ^ x ^ ^j:h^'fz^'LTi-f)\ i-^y:x-BXUi^Lf)\ VNO h6LX-t-ó\ V N V N T - f 7 ) \ J ; ^ L < H M ' ^ ' l t - f o i-^y-.^m. 2 ® n.^
i^A:
^ i - y ^ A l i
nzT
tx
^ —T-fo
êrMBlz
V N O L J :
Ms. Chan, are you learning ikebana?
Suzuki: Chan: Suzuki: Chan: Suzuki: Chan:
Yes. 1 want to learn ikebana, too. Where do you take lessons? \ The community center near the station. When are classes? Two times a week, on Mondays and Fridays from six o'clock. How about going with me
Suzuki:
this Friday? Would it be okay? 1 look forward to your guidance.
•yx-A h F U - - y /
weight training c o m m u n i t y center
(fo (=if-5j:Tt/)
Monday Friday
KANJI PRACTIC •
^
i:
^
every
—(•
4-
4-
morning
E3Bf J: U ^Bf < Si
—> i
I'
ff
H
H
H
—>•
time
li
1'
f
V W L tf> 9 -h-^L between interval
FB1IC^7 i *
J: t l^^
half
-
Fl' Fl
P
Fh^
Ffl
, H
1 n
5
1
n
^B sun
* HBIH i c t i i If
moon
V
^^^^^^^^^
—s-
t tn V
groxmd soil
^3
— ^
th
—13
1 ^
1
turn time
V section part
3
n
i n rïi
a —>
i f * D
It is almost 11:00 p.m. and Mr. Mills and Mr. Suzuki are still working in the office.
^ 6 ^ 6
'jf'j i - t i - ^ ^ \
-
On the train, on the way home: 5 JlX
: {talking to fiimself)
'^ij^iltzo
h.iïL ? t J l X :
91.-01
fz.-^^\z •5-5 I f A
^ JlX
: h l f z T ' r ^ \
êk^:
•^iriri)\
73 ^L'éL-h^
h 6 / i T i r i ) \
f
^'Ln/CTi-ij\ h L f z l i
i:^.
ifz
-)^
ffi*^^'
^ ' S A T t o
$7iHN|Co
The train arrives at Mr. Mills's station. I J I X :
i:^.
^k\i
zzTo
i^-z^fj-K^io
Suzuki: It's getting on eleven. Shouldn't we go home soon? Mills: Oh, right. Mills:
Oh, I'm tired.
Suzuki: Mr Mills, have you ever been to the hot springs in Roppongi? Mills: Huh? There are hot springs in Roppongi? Suzuki: Yes. Tomorrow I'm going there on my way home with some people from our section. How would you like to come along? Mills: Tomorrow. I'm sorry, but I have things to do tomorrow. Suzuki: Oh? Next time, then. Mills: Well, this is where I get off. Good night. Suzuki: Good night.
VOCABULAHY •'j.'
become
section
^ li¬
!
(partiele indicating t h e result o f a change)
^'b^'kltz •O-b^-kl^ •~ C ^ 7^^' 1)^ ' j
(suffix a d d e d t o nouns referring t o p e o p l e t o create a plural)
'tzt,
I a m t i r e d (talking t o oneself) get tired
t h i n g s t o d o , errands
(see p. 73)
o p p o r t u n i t y , chance
(R2)
h^
people
Atz%)
7^»N/fl
g o i n g h o m e (see N o t e 3 b e l o w )
1. 1 i B # ( i : ) IC
i
g o o d - b y e (see N o t e 7 b e l o w )
^xiji-fJio
'j i i " means "become" and 1 1 Hf ( [!) \Z
^) t-f
means "It is getting close to eleven."
Mr. Mills has lost track of the time and become absorbed in his work, so Mr Suzuki starts the conversation by telling him the time in order to urge him to go home. 2.
^6^6 This is an adverb equivalent in meaning to "in just a short while" or "it's about time." In this case, Mr Suzuki is trying to urge Mr. Mills to go home, since he is not making any moves to leave, even though it is late. You use ^
^ when you are about to leave or when it is almost time to begin or end a
meeting.
3. 'Jf (f)'X) 'j K The -masu stem of a verb—that is, the part of the verb just before -masu—functions as a noun. Here Dt (^^X.) U is the -masu stem of 'Jf (TJ^X.) ' j i t
and means "going home." Followed by the
particle I - , however, the translation becomes "on one's way home."
4. UW
\^fi^f)'Ti-f)\ is used as an introductory
remark. Here, however, it is a preliminary to an invitation.
5. ^'Ln/LTirf)\ This A T ' t
hlfzU
ffl*
( J ; 7 i:) TJ^"
h^LT-t.
is used to decline an invitation. Mn Mills has to decline Mn Suzuki's invitation, but
instead of saying no outright, he states only his reason for refusing, adding A T t
to it. Mn Suzuki
is supposed to understand that Mn Mills cannot go. 6. ^ A ( ^ / - c L ) (± CCTo It is understood that a verb such as ü 'J 11, "to get off," or L " ^ ^ » . ^ L i t , "to take one's leave," follows (hfz L) It Z Z T in this sentence. 7.
i^-ob'K^io Originally this was an expression you used to thank a person for his or her service. Nowadays, you use it at work toward colleagues who leave the office before you at the end of the day. It is a courteous way of saying good-bye.
( O
Plain Forms of Verbs (2): Past-affirmative a n d Past-negative Tenses The -ta form is the plain form of -mashita (the past-affirmative form of -masu). It follows the same pattern of conjugation as the -fe form but with -fe replaced by -fa. -nai form
-masu form
dictionary form
-fe form
-fa form
ending
h-oX
h-otz
-ffe/ffa ' -ite/ita
* i J ; V NTIt L T
I t L / c -shite/shita
i ^ i t
i o
i-^T
t-ofz
L i c i t
Ltó
L A T
L i t
(D^i
t
ft t'ins
'Jt Ij i
t
-fe-^i
t
(DtJ
•i-i.
(DLX
(DLt£
'jf-^T
n-.tz
fi
t: U l f z
^ i t i t
n.x #^'jT
* i t
-te/ta
n.tz tt t5 U tz ^tz
Irregular
<
L i t '') ^ i t (dictionary form its -fe and -fa forms are (^^) -oX
-tte/tta
^
tz
^ i t
NOTE:
-tte/tta
-ndelnda
XLT
J;tA-it <7)i ^/VN
Regular II
-ide/ida
t t
It Regular 1
m\^fz
-te/ta
t ^
and
LT
L/b
< is an exception among the Regular I verbs in that -o tz, respectively.
/ -TE F O R M R E V I E W \ The -fe form for Regular 1 verbs is obtained as follows: final syllable before ~ i
t
changes to o T LX\^X VNT
L
LT
71
The plain form of -masendeshita (the past-negative form of -masu) is not given in the tables in this bool<, but it is formed by replacing -nai w/ith -nakatta. For example:
Change the verbs to their -fa and -nakatta forms, as in the example.
Regular I
1)
•
'ipti-
-
2) hi>-^ti-
^
3) ib^'È-t 4) t ^ i t
-
5)
; :
/^HN^t
6) tch^'t-r 7) * * j i t
^
8) (Dlï^Jti-
->
9) c ^ ' j i t
->
10) h ^ t / t i r
11) XUti12) It L i t Regular II 13) V N i - f 14) $ i - f (wear)
15) * > t / i t 16)
'J i -r
17) t i ^ i t 18) nt-t
->
19) T i t
-
20) L i ^ - < i t
^
21) l ± L A 6 i t Irregular
22) * i t 23) L i t 72
-> [
,
I Talking a b o u t Past Experiences The -ta form of a verb followed by Z tl-é' h ^) È-f enced something before. For example:
A:^A
i^L^/ilz
;fto7'c
expresses the fact that a person has experi-
*.'Jito
I have been to the hot springs in Roppongi.
A : (±v\ Q: A:
i-fo
Have you even eaten sushi? Yes, I have. No, i have not.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
ai>
A
"A
\) (DUt-f
^
2) ^ t ^ i t
3) mt^)
i t
it^
«it(c
tidiic., .s. l;
' A N
LATj^A-tfAl:
73
'I'l
WORD POWER -= I. Experiences in Japan:
©-ft
•.:i„.,:!jli
1
( f c ) L ^
castle large statue o f B u d d h a
iï X
74
Jl' U
B o n Festival d a n c e
' j . ' ^ ' j J: 7 U meal c o o k e d in a p o t a t t h e t a b l e
•i'^
pot
az
f l o u r y o m e l e t c o n t a i n i n g vegetables a n d meat or seafood
L Jt 7
t
-zi't^
* 7
><•
s h o c h u ( k i n d o f alcohol) t h i c k , b i t t e r green tea used in tea c e r e m o n y
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE (^1^
I. Talking to a colleague about experiences climbing in Japan:
Kato: Mills: Kato:
Have you ever climbed Mt. Fuji? Yes, I have. When did you climb it?
Mills:
Last year. It was fun, but I got very tired.
D) II. Getting information from a colleague about a place one wants to go:
f:'u If
: K'j
Tlfz^\
') yy 9Xlt IJIX
•'ill
u
xxo
^D|| :
: ^~"7^oT
n ^ t
IfzXo
lfz^\
Mills: Kato: Mills:
Mr Kato, have you ever been to the hot springs in Odaiba? Yes. How were they?
Kato: Mills:
They were good. We bathed, and then we drank been We relaxed. How did you go?
Kato:
We rode the Yurikamome from Shimbashi. There's also a shuttle bus from Shinagawa.
'j-^y^'X-tS
relax.
1^) U
Y u r i k a m o m e ( n a m e o f an a u t o m a t e d train in Tokyo t h a t runs f r o m t h e m a i n l a n d t o Odaiba)
t *!)
shuttlebus
76
I. Telling the time:
3£jTto
It's three o'clock. It's three o'clock exactly.
It's 1:55. It's five minutes to two. In five minutes it will be two o'clock. In a few minutes it will be two o'clock.
4B4F
1 O^^Tto
4B#
1 0^^^t$"Tto
tl-fC
9 Bf ^ T ' - t o
It's 4:10.
- T -It's ten minutes past four
In a few minutes it will be 9:30.
i; ttA, 9B#^|C
a.m., in the morning "^^0^
^/'Jito
It's going to be 9:30.
1.
noon, daytime
p.m., in the afternoon morning
evening evening, night t i
exactly, j u s t t o . . . , before . . later, a f t e r w a r d in a f e w minutes
past (the h o u r ) (suffix)
-ti'i
(R2)
pass
i|
I. Pressing to begin a meeting:
mi^--
^ 7 T t ^ o
IVlills: Suzuki:
It's past ten o'clock. It's about time we started the meeting. Yes, I agree.
^ I)) II. Worrying about a colleague who is late for an appointment: «
-ti-
: a ;bX"^5A.
v^T-fjfüo
7
^<^<<7?
20^^
-f-^X
i
Kato: Mr Mills is late, isn't he? It's already twenty minutes past our appointment. Suzuki: You're right. Shall I try calling him on his cell phone?
^ ij) III. Deciding when to have an appointment:
^^/ix-t^\ 4 Bf S
JlX :
Kato: Mills: Kato: Mills:
h-t)-^)
IC |±
t
LTCO
Mr. Mills, what are your plans for today? I'd like to talk with you about the food fair I have an appointment with Mr Takahashi at Nozomi Department Store in the afternoon, but I'll be back after 4:30 in the afternoon. Well then, should we discuss the matter this morning? Yes, that would be fine.
a p p o i n t m e n t , promise
^ 7
?-'iTi -To
7ÏAt-S
* 1 fiL
consultation
p l a n , schedule
g o / c o m e back
f o o d fair
during the morning
consult
d u r i n g (suffix)
PRACTIC SPEAKING PRACTICE
(^1))
I. Inviting a colleague to a soccer game:
t-f S
IJIX
Suzuki:
SAJ: -5
tf
: ^'Ln/iTir^\
&mBU iA.ti tf
A
7^i>^h u
^'^'^'^^
u
h^LTto
Friday night I'm going to see a soccer game with some friends. Would you like to come along?
Mills:
It's too bad, but I have a meeting on Friday from seven o'clock.
Suzuki:
Really? Well then, maybe next time.
^15) II. Inviting a colleague to a sumo match:
I^TK: ff s
iBïH(7) K tï u
f T I JlX
-tti
i - ^ y V t
th-otzLT-f-ö^
\^-oLi\z
4T u
h ^ ' t l x i o
:b^^^)tlfz.
* Ij
^ 1 z:^\
Ni
tc
Suzuki:
I received some sumb tickets for Saturday. Would you like to go with me (to the match)?
Mills:
I definitely want to go. I have been wanting to go at least once (to see what it is like).
Suzuki:
Well, this is the ticket. I'll be there from around noon. Let's meet inside.
Mills:
Okay. Thank you.
ticket (for a n event) have been w a n t i n g t o . inside, m i d d l e
READING TASiC
T
^ ^ y P i y r - K
^h-h^\^tLfzo\t\:^
t C L
C^T^^o/cT-to
VOCABULARY
$ ^
9
hot-air b a l l o o n
^ L
if-)iy
t h é year before last
vy F
girlfriend Turkey Cappadocia tour participate participation
(±L*b L
b e g i n n i n g , at first a little, a bit frightening
->-£-/)'>!h
view
t i f t L^^
f a b u l o u s , fantastic, spectacular
79
Mr. Kato speaks to Mr Mills, who looks a little pale.
:
|j:^<
7 ^ i -
-.p. 84
'itoT
j;^A/c'
'''^
' ^ ^ - p . 85
iï?^^'
l ï l ^ '
v^v^TtJ:o
vHNT-fJ:o-
.p. 87
^ 0 ^ :
t ; ' j ^
L^j-n^
* ) ^ o T ^ ^ t
4^11
^p.86
L H ) O - ^ J : 9 T L J ; 9 O
^
:
(I7^t^::7^t^^y)
After a bad coughing fit: S J: T
Kato: You look pale. Do you have a cold? Mills: Yes. In fact, I have a bit of a fever I just bought some medicine and took it. Achoo I Kato: You should go home early and rest. Mills: But I still haven't written the report of yesterday's meeting. Kato: You shouldn't push yourself. You leave on a business trip to China the day after tomorrow, right? Mills: Yes. (cough-cough). . . Sorry, I'm going to leave early today. Kato: Yes, take care.
82
VOCABULARY complexion
impossible
not g o o d s h o u l d n o t . . . , had better n o t . . .
cold actually
~/c (JJ 'j
iilT^J'^ ^
t
V
^
•è
^ . - ö ^ Ü \ ^ ^ ^ '
X <
- T L J; 9
right? (see N o t e 5 b e l o w )
g o a n d buy (lit., " b u y a n d c o m e b a c k " )
(sound of coughing)
( s o u n d o f sneezing)
a h e a d (of) ( p o l i t e f o r m )
quickly, early (see p. 8 4 )
ahead
s h o u l d . . . , had b e t t e r .
t a k e care
force oneself, o v e r d o It
i m p o r t a n t , precious
h ^ } t ^ L U o
This means "you look pale." J: < 'j i -If /C is the same as J; < V ^ T t (introduced in Book I). In fact, ^) U i -t+ /Ü or ^ ^ T t may be used with any adjective to express the negative form; the two are interchangeable. For example, V ^ L < ii) 'J i -tt A and fe ^ L < tt' V N T t both mean "not delicious," and ( f X ^ T [ ± ^ 'J i - t i - A / i f X $ L ^ ^> U i -ti:A and I f X $ T l±-t.^^ ^ T t all mean "not healthy." 2. a ( . < t U ) ^ n m - ^ X ^ X i k { < D ) LfzLT-f^' o Mr Mills did not finish his sentence. This stopping in midsentence is one of the usages of L T t (see p. 57). Had Mr. Mills continued, he would have stated that he has not gotten better yet or that the medicine he took did not work, or both. Mr. Mills does not say all this, of course, because he knows Mr. Kato can understand him well enough. By ending with L T t , you can imply that there is something you do not need to say because it is obvious, or that there is something you hesitate to say.
These are giongo, or Japanese sound-effect words. ^^9^3 > represents sneezing, and ^ " r h y represents coughing. There is no custom in Japanese of saying, "bless you" or "gesundheit" after someone sneezes. Giongo are typically written in katakana. 4.
r t . i f z ^ < D j < D ^ I t t (;*H N (D U t ' - h t # ( 7 ^ ^ ) V N T VNvi-vNATto This A T t is explaining a situation. Note that you can use /LX"t not only to answer questions of the L X ' i ' - Ó ' ^ type but also to give explanations when you feel they are needed. Here Mr. Mills is telling Mr Kato the reason why he is reluctant to leave early.
5. S ) ^ - 9 T ^ X t ® ( ^ 1 * 9 r ' O L » * - o ^ J: 7 T L J: 9o T L J; 1 is an inflection of T t Here Mr Kato uses it with rising intonation to confirm something he understands to be true. He is trying to persuade Mr. Mills not to push himself too hard, given that he is ill and has a business trip coming up. 6.
fe:^*
(/c^^L)lC
A^
(/cV N L) ti: means "important" and A^ (tz^ X ) IC t •?> means "take good care of." (/c V L) jC shows sympathy and consideration for an ill or injured person, or those who have a famiiy member who is ill or injured.
83
ll •
•
G R A M M A R & PATTERN PRACTICE (• I]
Using the Adverbial Forms of Adjectives to tViodify Verbs Adjectives can change form to serve as adverbs in Japanese, just as they can in English. -/ adjectives change their -/endings to -ku, and -na adjectives change their -na endings to -ni, when they modify verbs. For example: (±^VN-* l ± ^ < I got up early. $^VN|C
#VNT<7cXvNo
Please write it neatly.
n Change the adjectives to their adverbial forms, as in the examples.
m 1)
l±^^^
^
1)
4) L f ' ^ ^
2)
5) LA-tf-o
3)
6) lc^•~Ae'7J^
3 change the adjectives to their adverbial forms to construct complete sentences where the adverbs modify the verbs.
-> L-f^Mc
hi>^iiro
1) f=
2)
3)
it-r
^1
fe^^\
4) i: J; 7-f\
\:t
it-f
fe^it
7 /cv^i-f z mé.
84
'Going S o m e w h e r e to Do S o m e t h i n g a n d Coming Bade" The -fe form of a verb followed by $ i t and return." For example:
M-^T^ilfzo
mt
sometimes has the literal meaning of "go, do something,
i¬
I went and bought some medicine (and came back).
n Change the form of the verbs to ~ T $ i t
1) • ^ i - r
->
2) ^-ö'Lt-t-^
,
3) ^ ^ i t i t - ^ 4) ^ U t-f 5)
-
^
6) fkut-r
->
3 Construct sentences as in the example.
-^y
^
K o T ^ T . Tz
2)
ito IÏA
t^c^ito J:
—>•
explain explanation everyone
as in the example.
'ID]
SVJaking strong Suggestions The -ta or -nai form followed by ( i 9 5^^' ^ H N T " f expresses a strong suggestion: "should do" or "should not do," respectively.
t)^-\fri-^\ i]')t
llK-h.
9^lc
iJf-,T
i^Lt;
L^xvN
(i9^<
vNVNTi-J;»
lilt)'
VNVNTtJ;o
You have a cold? Well then, you should go home and get some rest. You shouldn't push yourself now. Because a sentence with ( J 9 V NV essentially suggests that someone do something (or refrain from doing something) that is better than what they are doing or thinking about doing, it can sound pushy. Therefore, you should not use it all the time. Complete the strong suggestions posed by B, as in the example.
A: t,j:^t:
n-^t)'
B : C ^ ^ .
1)
- t c
(j:^<
z i U L l z
A : iwl^t
i t o 'Jto/c
ait)^
^HNTtJio
n ^ i - t o
fe'^
L/cATto
-> B : llK-h. 2) t c
7)-K^nNL^ic
A : 7 ) - F7J^~
TX^Lito
t^^ATto
-> B : \:^h.
3) t c L i^ut-r ^
A : ^ T t
OTj^^TvNito
B : i:^*)
•.
4) fzliz
t
t^^i-tf-A
A : (D}ft)' ^
5)
B : i:
feXIt^
#:^i-ti:A
A:*)L/-C ^
vN/cv^Tto
t A c
9 LA/-£X-^<
^ ^ A T t c
B : i:
w e l l t h e n , in t h a t case
ItAC
Ï \JLfz/u
d r o p , lose
iT^z-K^Jn^ Lo-
credit card c o m p a n y
h e a l t h checkup health
LLtzL
checkup
"Not Y e t " The -te form followed hy ^^È-^tL sometimes indicates that something has not yet occurred or has not yet been achieved. For example:
Q : è 7 A :
hi tl
VHN^, Q: A:
lfzti\ i Lfzo
Ut°-Ui
•èi-tfA
(TL;^c)o
Have you already finished your report? Yes, I have. No. (I intend to but) I haven't yet. No, I will not (did not) write it.
J Complete the answers to the questions, as in the example.
m)
Q •• t l
M.t
lfc^\ S
1) Q : ^.7
5
Lfzf!\
fkUi
A : (±VN. 2) Q
^-7
-». A 3) Q
tl
* i
tl
-fc^i
lfzf!\
_^ A 4) Q
Lfzfi\
A 5) Q : t l A :
l i f x l i
lfzf!\
i
Complete the answers to the question as in the example. Q : ^'/L^'X
1)
/-ii
1
Ti--ö\
^ A i : ^
fzLti-
— A : ^x.. 2) L 'j J; 9 ^
i
t
J:
A : X.X 3) X - f ^ fe < 'j i t A:
•
XX.
4) ^lft<^
i: t * A W
T$
i t
^ A : XX
j A s k i n g for a n d O f f e r i n g Explanations (2) You use A T t after adjectives as follows:
^-SVNATt < ^j.n.NTt
(-1
ADJECTIVE)
^'S < ttHNATt ^^^^o/cATt
<
^X-h^-otzT-f
-^A'jTt
< ^i-7j^o/cATt X.^ Ij t t X
T ' t
-^A'jTIi
'^/vNATt
After nouns, you use tt' before A T t if the tense is present-affirmative.
^^-tf'Tt
^^-tfXATt ^^-tfY£X/cATt
response, answer s e n d , issue data
m
(R2)
get done
( - N A ADJECTIVE)
Symptoms and conditions:
State your symptoms using tlie words below. (See p. 41 for names of other body parts.)
L
ti-f-£fj'(D
t,Xl
L
f}\l^L L X 1 t . X T - t o
< L^U
Utc (u-f) condition
ia.i'-t-<
sleeplessness
/f y y y l / x W
the flu
1:^5lïlj-
jetlag
TU/l^—
allergy
lA <
catch (a cold)
7 5 \ j > A L J: 9
hay fever
;fat;^^
sleepy
.i>-07}^J;v^
hangover
t^)t/
t
T L
finger
h< W ii-i^i
-ti> .
<. L ^A-Hi (itC
g e t injured
t)
yawn
Injury
T-6
come o u t
sneeze cough
(A-f)
r u n n y nose
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE ^ 1); I. Asking someone wliether they have a cold:
Nakamura: Ah-chooi Mills: Do you have a cold? Nakamura: No, allergies. Ah-choo! A lot of people in Japan have pollen allergies. Mills: Is that so?
0) II. Asking someone who has been off with a cold how they are doing:
^ JlX: Mills: Suzuki: Mills:
xtj'-^fzr-tno How is your cold? I'm okay now, thanks. That's good.
Calling the office to say that one will be late because of an injury:
i?yi
t-f
i
i^X-oi^
hUz
{it)^i
L/c^T1-o^H(±
^m^h
Suzuki: This is Suzuki. I'm in the hospital right now. Nakamura: What's wrong? Suzuki: I sort of injured my foot. Today I'll go to the office in the afternoon. Nakamura: Okay. Take care.
t h a n k s (lit., " t h a n k s t o y o u " )
tz\ ^ i :
i: 7,5; ( i j : )
o k a y all right, f i n e w h a t is w r o n g ?
90
5^HNL^
S P E A K I N G PRACTICE
I. Confirming the details of a dinner party:
livNo J ; ^ < L T . t r Kato: Suzuki: Kato: Suzuki:
y-;l.Li-fo
Where is the day after tomorrow's dinner party going to be held? We haven't decided yet. I just received this pamphlet; how about this place? Looks nice. You should inform everyone right away. Right. I'll make a reservation and send out an e-mail (to everyone) immediately.
L J: < ITTSHN
dnnking party
end-of-the-year party
i>fih{K2) A'^iih
welcome party
cherry blossom v i e w i n g
L t - t i - - 6 (R2) i n f o r m
farewell party
Christmas p a r t y
dinner party
LA;faA7}H ^
N e w Year p a r t y
decide everyone
send e-mail
((^ ]fj II. Asking how preparations are going:
W
^y^.tyxiz
KLhi
itz-b\
L i
^00 Kato:
How are those materials coming along? (lit., "As for the preparation of the materials, is it done?")
Nakamura: (They are) not (ready) yet. The copier isn't working well. Kato: Did you contact Maintenance? Nakamura: No, I haven't yet. Kato: You should call them right away.
^ ^
III. Working even during the lunch break to get things done:
fe^ic,
5/bX':^7T-f^\
L^.
^a(±
^iftTc
r ^ L r ' f ^ \
^ T - ^ T ^ i - f o 'jf'jic
^ ; b X : ^ - X ^ < - i f - • -b-y h T t ^ o
i
i^ij^
tti
Lt*^
H ' ^ T $ i L j : 7 ^ \
L/co
Mills: It's almost twelve o'clock. What about lunch, Mr. Suzuki? Suzuki: Please go on ahead. I'm attending this afternoon's meeting, but I haven't finished preparing for it (lit,, "preparations aren't done yet"). Mills: Really? Well then, I'll go out for a little bit. Should I buy something for you on the way back? Suzuki: In that case, can I ask you to buy me a cheesburger combo from McDonald's? Mills: A cheesburger combo? Okay.
material, data
ask a f a v o r o f
maintenance
wish, hope
c o n t a c t , g e t in t o u c h ( w i t h ) contact, connection please g o ahead ( ~ | C ) T ' - ï . (R2)
g o t o , attend
M c D o n a l d ' s (short f o r
i—X'<-if-
• -by h
cheeseburger c o m b o cheeseburger
-79 Y'i-lV K)
Read the following e-mails. Mr. Oki is working in the Düsseldorf office, in Germany. He gets an e-mail from Ms. Tsuchida, who is coming to the office as a new staff member
±ffl RE ;
Ll^Dtchj
IC B A
<-r*j •bKU
L^5T?
ö^Drc
l^U^Ir^o ö ^ < o ^ ®
T^A-hfe
^D^^o
VOCABULARY
tits i
consultation
worned
O k i (surnanne)
moving (from one home to another)
Tsuchida (surname)
clothes
Düsseldorf
strong
office
furnished
delight
- 0 $
w i t h . . . , i n c l u d i n g . . . (suffix)
KANJI PRACTIC if •^^^^
—
medicine —>
H
1
XXXJ
buy - F
M 4
i
drink
1
IA 1^ n I t I t
tf4>f+ rest
^ 7
meet gathering
/
•
•in. *•
if
' f t discuss
Xi
*< —>
write
•• —I»
>»
>«
J:
if
Si
Li read
I'
1^ ifi PI
country
y; •
•ttALci-j ^!•^lf-:> ahead
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle. 1) «
BfJJ (
2)
$ iVXv
f
3)
ti-tC
5fi*(
4)
^^-tf-Tt^^ ( W <
5) ^ 0
(II
Z(D
<^
7^<7?
)
7J^^^L^lc
)
<7)(ïij i
)
(
L/bo'
tto
tc'j
7*.!^
t,^^<
^ 6 L T i - ^ \
'Jf^/c(ï.9 )
(
)
VNVvTtJro
i>|>\NT^^i-fo
Choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used twice in the same dialogue.
(
B : ^ X ^ ^ T 4 ^ ^
I.^M^io
)
2.ZKb-h
2) A : t i
S^TtJlo
B:(
)
A : L:^
)
A.ZLt:'
m')t^L^\
T$Tv^^J.n^^T•to
fe^fcl^o "2.-t^-^X
3)
3 . ^ o $
(
UrT'-h^'
h^LT-fo
^yxy^^-
A : ^-7 L / c A T - r r ) \
B:(
)
^^-t-^
r5^fevN^;^<
J; <
^'^.ATtoC
^o^<
1.,€o(±
3.
2 . ^ 0 $
3.
4.
i/c"
^>'Ji-t+/0^. )
r/'i 7V^^|C
tfJ/
>T-:>T$i
LT'CO
4 . CtLTJX
I'QII- Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense.
1) # H
fe-<^^7^
2) T
nmz
(
) Lri-^\
(
)
Lx-t-i)\
(t-oXiti-) (3%^)titz)
f£L. i:
3) « ^ i c
5)
96
=7yif--ic
(
) z}ii<
^toT,
L ^ o ^ ^ ^
h^}t'f-ö\
(
m m t z )
)
èi-fo
m^^i-r)
0
Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The word cannot be used twice in the same dialogue.
1) $4
fe$T.
y^U-t
I.U^'^ii-
(
2.hï/ti-
3.h^U'ti-
4 . * i ^ v N i t
2) r7^t^::^^t^yo (
i t 3.^^-lfX
2.^^-tfX
^'JiL;^c
3) A : hfzÈ^'
t - ^ TV N i t
A.M'i
U^tlfz
VN/cVNATto
B : ^^^'Ti-i\
(
B : ^ i o ^ (
) ^<
A : ^ 7 T t ^ \ 1.
i:^.
^^v^^Tto
i/c
2. o r " ?
(
3. $ ^ n N
) |c„ 4
Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) - S I C (
=13 ) (
)
3) ttz
)
•(
(
#:^T
)
^mo (
mt
^m
2) ^ { : ^ ^ | C (
Z(D
^ ^ t l f z . (
^a^Lco )
)
)
:^t (
M^Tv^i-t^:^o ) (
)
Seif-introductions are among the first things you practice when starting to iearn Japanese. Tal
•
cal forms. Learn through this unit to talk more about yourself and your environment in Japanese.
j j' :j
i '
' |'
} .1
•1
Department Manager Sasaki is introducing Marie Martin, wlno has just been transferred from the Paris branch office.
After the self-introduction:
: VNVN;^„ : ^ ! ^ l c
A'S
™ f>''
^
'
J
|
y
t
-
A
;
^
lfz
^
. p . 103 i
t
o
A j i A T t / f a o
:
X X .
^ 1 f!:L
T t o
(?t/m/ng to Ms. Martin) i±^fl'~
f^b-o «
inn!
ü
r < '
X f)^
^ p . 104
Sasaki: Everyone, I'm going to introduce someone to you. This is Ms. Marie Martin. IVlartin: Pleased to meet you. I'm Marie Martin. I graduated from college three years ago and joined the Paris branch office. In Paris I worked in marketing. I look forward to working with all of you. Suzuki: Is this your first time in Japan? Martin: No. Before entering college, I did a homestay. Kato: Marie, it's been a long timel Martin: Oh, Mr. Kato, I'm sorry i haven't been keeping in touch. Sasaki: Mr Kato, you met Ms. Martin when you were working in Paris, didn't you? Kato: Yes, that's right. We often went out to eat after work, didn't we? Martin: That's right. I remember those times.
"I
h
ViM \ I
tt:-Th
I a m g o i n g t o make an i n t r o d u c t i o n (polite f o r m )
r ' /
I
T
i \ t
t
I
have n o t b e e n staying in t o u c h
graduate
o n d u t y (in)
7
graduation
Job a s s i g n m e n t , duties
VX
marketing
t i m e , w h e n (see p. 106)
f o r t h e first t i m e
a f t e r . . . (particle; see p. 104) ^ - O T J - ^ Lv N
homestay
nostalgic
it has been a l o n g t i m e
C
M
S
1. ^N°iJ T l ± The (± of ^~^°'J T l ± emphasizes the contrast between Ms. Martin's time in Paris and her current assignment in Japan. You can add l± to a number of particles, including T, |C, K, h, and i T, to express contrast. For example:
*D»^^lc|±
i^A^LKu
^^^±ifzb\
^v^^-^+^TL/co
I met Mr. Kato, but I did not meet Mn Suzuki.
!l
Today I amadd free, from I will be busy. But you cannot l± but to /^' '^ or tomorrow t:. I± replaces these particles entirely.
JA^(D
L^L/Lt
^fz
ZKl±
h^)t'f-h\\ï-ofz
11 I ;|||
till
^.'ji-l+^o
I have seen pictures of Hiroshima, but I have never been there.
2. s ; ^ ^ ( l c ^ ^ ^ ) i±
' ;Si|il
i±\:i6xrirf)\
Be careful of the difference between l± l^X,
"for the first time," and l± liöiZ, "in the begin-
ning," "to begin with." 101
3.
L.vijTt^o /r\v^/cLTvNito The first phrase means "I haven't seen you for a long time" and you use it as a greeting when you meet someone again after a long hiatus of being apart. 'if /c L T i "t", "I haven't been keeping in touch," is more formal and you use it when talking to superiors or when writing letters.
4. -f 7 ^xLX-fo Mr Kato responds with ^ 7 ' ^ ' A T ' f , rather than with 7 T ' t , to confirm that Ms. Sasaki's interpretation—that he had met Ms. Martin while working in Paris—is correct.
5.
^ : ^ ( L J; < L ) IC # ( V N ) $ i L / c ^ o This is the same "go to do something" pattern that you learned about in Unit 1 , Lesson 3 (p. 3 8 ) . With certain nouns that are considered activities such as ' f e ^ ( L J: < L ) , ^~Vl/"7, % ij)^ v ^ ^ CO, etc., the noun can be followed directly by iC (\. ^) <.
L V ^ literally means "nostalgic" You say tt'O;^^ L V ^ when you are reminded of something out of your past, even if you are not particulaHy nostalgic about it.
102
[ O
Expressing a Sequence o f Events (1): " B e f o r e "
WÏ a x) IZ means "before." The verb coming before It" ( i form regardless of the tense of the verb at the end of the sentence.
K flL
<
ix
IC
|C is always in the dictionary
Z
I began my studies of Japanese before I came to Japan. However, when the emphasis is not on the order of the actions but on the duration of the previous action, you often omit |C .
l ; \ïL
<
ix
ft^Ji>^
IC tlL
Z'
I had studied Japanese for two years before I came to Japan.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) W&
lil^t-to I f i c . 3i7'i
Lite
4^.
K
2)
^ ito
wIK. ffA vry^t
ti.
3) A^t
l^^ito t
-to^-Jt 9 L i t o ItlCs tX
4)
-è-tt^ iHiLf.
o<
Ij i
1
^} xzit
L/co
XU i t c trie. ix
5)
X<
SIC
iJt'j
< IC
il-X
u.,
L i L/c
Ifo
i t o
t\K. HU'i^iit: %\^t L/co 4^
tfAV'y'-yy
li'
guidebook
103
( [D
Expressing a Sequence of Events (2): "After" The -teform of a verb followed by ii^ h (hereafter ~ T
f?) means "after
ing." Do not confuse
this form with the f}'' h that means "because." H^IC K HA
B^m
^XTi^h. i
< L i x l t
(±i:*^iL/co
tz IJX- Z'
I began my studies of Japanese after I came to Japan. 'ó'^h can also mean "since . . . " and in this sense it is often accompanied by the adverb " f o ^ , meaning "the whole time." For example:
tz l i A
4
IC l i A
^
I have been studying Japanese ever since I came to Japan.
J Complete the sentences as in the example.
1)
i-fo
f)'h. xt'-y^yXK 2)
i t c
\Z
•
^^1^. jt-^f-Jlt
3)
^o^-j: 7
f)^^. x'j
-ó-^s
5) ^mz
XU
f)-h. t
y - y x y ^ L T v N i t o
^i.^^H^^9
104
L^o
X.v^5^nN^cO
i t o
-*•
-f"-p
'J i
i t o
->
é-\^h
^ ^ U i t o
L i t e
^ 4)
n^t-tc
t h e w h o l e t i m e , ever (since) English c o n v e r s a t i o n conversation
o
^
; t v NT^n N^60
6)
-to^-j; 9
L i t
•ó^h.-r-o)! 7)
X'j
^ $ ^ 7 ^
LTv^i-ti:^o
ito
Lt*7^"7^
LTvNiLT'c
Read the following schedules and complete the sentences using either ~ l t i - or ~ T ^ ^ h, as in the example.
5 : 0 0
5 : 0 0 ^
0 : 0 0 +
v a ^ y X i
i-6
6 : 0 0
7:00 +
7 : 0 0
fcM:fLj:7^
7 ^ 8 : 0 0
t-S
^
8 : 0 0 Hi
m) i 'ix^Lit 1)
^/^x•^^l±
2)
-rji^y^m
3)
$;l^X^A(±
A) -^Jl^y^Lii
(fc)itLJ:9
t,ti,TfiH
itic^
^|r'l±^^
7*.*
^%tic
^|r•|±^^
^^ilc
check 'f'?)
m a k e u p (one's face) make-up j u n i o r h i g h school
Lite
X 3 ^ > / ^
T i t o
-^-^ito
/ - J l i
1-xy9lt-to
i-l^t
•f- X y y - t -5 (fc') I t L Jt 7 $•
*gr•(±^^
i-
^ x y ^ L i t c
C -7 C 7 o
J: T ' f
~ ± T "
senior h i g h s c h o o l i
T
until graduation until 1
( Oil
" W h e n " (1) ^ ^ by itself means "time," but when it is used after a modifier it means "when." Here you will learn how to use ^ $ in this sense with noun and adjectival modifiers. Example
Modifier noun -/ adjective -na adjective Examples:
I studied for ten hours a day when I was a student.
m i ) htzl
Ut-^j:
tl^.
X<
x^^f}'i:
mz ft
^f^iL/bo 1'
^(c ft
V¬
I often went to see movies when I had free time.
m i ) htzl
Ut^£
J;<
n^i'-to
I often go to see movies when I have free time. NOTE: YOU
will learn about ^ ^ with other modifiers (verbs) in Lesson 8.
Complete the sentences as in the example, M'L\ti
1)
ft:t
2)
6^v^
S^lc
t^Tv^iL/co
ltTi'-:>ZÏ
3)
*ovN
4)
(fX$
5) htztf}'
^'fz^
.
n
t
41=
*)7)^^^Ï7
baby
~
(, \
years o l d (counter f o r a person's age)
L i
•?
I ^ X.
3 •) fJ) •)
~ U rt) •)
106
elementary/primary school t h e entire house, t h r o u g h o u t t h e t i o u s e t h r o u g h o u t (suffix)
liv'
L/c
<
' j . - V N T t c
PRACTICE 1 WORD POWER I. Life:
• •00 p 00 0 p
a
D
•
0
D D D
Q
•
D
•
P
D D
D
tj
•
a
D
D
m M
rr-rm
rm
^
7 É ^-5 (R2) \Z\t, n-h^ {-f i |Crt)'7'5'^<
LItA* Lit A
D O O D
O a a a
•7lt'i>(R2)
9lt-S(R2)
Ltji-) LJ: {-th
be born L 9 L J: < getting a job enterschool T A L j : < - f - 6 changejobs entrance into school X LV. t { changing jobs takeanexam t z ^ ^ L l i - f i retire test, exam /cV^LJ:< retiring receive CA^<-f^, getengaged get a job C A-^ < engagement
It
^ / C ^ t -6 T $ •5
ZX:i,i)< itia-h V-
C -f
UwA-t'ii 'j C A
get married become pregnant have a c h i l d move g e t divorced divorce
107
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE ^ j)) I. Asking an actress whether she will continue to work after getting married:
$ L ^ :
\: xypi
Ito C^LTr)^t
: i>ih6LT-t.
t o
^
ZLK'
i±f^t mL
o o l t i t ^ \
f>^tl>l
K^<^
tx.
reporter: actress:
Congratulations on your engagement, Thank you.
reporter: actress:
Are you going to continue to work even after your get married? Of course. I made an agreement with him (i.e., my fiancé) before getting engaged.
II. Having lunch in Kyoto with a colleague who is based there:
fiti:
iiA,tx
mz I JlX:
t i i t i
i i ö
ffz/LTi-o
h<^Li
t^^f
•i}^tzr-ff}\
Mills: Have you always lived in Kyoto? • Yamamoto: No. I lived in Tokyo until five years ago. I came to Kyoto because I was transferred here. Mills: Is your wife from Kyoto? Yamamoto: Yes. I got to know her after coming here.
(Z') ZA.><'<
-O-Olii (R2) 108
reporter
é'-il
engagement
f
congratulations
X L i
actress
~ T '
because o f (particle)
L U i > "5
getto know
continue w i t h o f course
h e / h i m , my b o y f r i e n d < ^
( - f i AJ
promise being transferred
Asking tlie daughter of a colleague about her experience with ballet after seeing her perform:
r^~'v^ito
•7)19 y
^ f ^ ^ l ±
VNO
3 ^5VN<7) . ^ $ T t o
-7)19 y V ^NX.^
Martin: Aiko: Martin: Aiko: Martin: Aiko:
ii^^Z
Aiko, you were lovely. Thank you. When did you begin doing ballet? When I was three years old. Have you been doing (lit., "continuing with") it ever since then? No, I quit once when I was in my second year of senior high. That was because studying to take the university entrance exams was tough. Once I entered college, I began doing it again.
A i k o (given n a m e )
/x'lxx
ballet
Zn
second year o f senior h i g h school
2
L^Aji t i t It A
s t u d y i n g f o r entrance exams t a k i n g entrance exams 109
•9 VI
•
• WORD POWER I. Fields of expertise:
0)111 ^)-^
®o.'^lj
®'fi-hH
®^Ut-r9/oy® ltVN;iVN II. Occupations:
® ^ X l l ® ItA*. < ® VN L
® (tA$ * 9 L ^
® T^xr'L
®^nNC
i-é'L
I. Divisions of a company: ® v-'^-r A
®X^^^
yx
I 1
® |-tv^'j
®^ltJ ®Zl\ll
® L Jt 9 ^ / ^ 7 J X ' j
law Ifv
^
IfV^XiN
^•J'f / t f - ^ ' / D i / —
programmer
literature
architect
medical science
researcher
management
L
75^/. C L 110
diplomat
physics
zn
mathematics
X. ^ ^ * * Jt -7
iJ^^^
civil servant sales a n d m a r k e t i n g
c o m p u t e r science
accounting
biotechnology
g e n e r a l affairs
International relations $ J: 9
police o f f i c e r
economics
Znili
p u b l i c relations
teacher
planning
consultant
h u m a n resources
nurse
merchandise m a n a g e m e n t
SPEAKING PRACTICE I. Giving a sliort speech when joining a local soccer club:
^ y i i - \ t
l^föT
3^.
L A l f V N T t ^ ^ ^ J: ^ L V%m'^^^
4 ^
i
L/co 4 < v v 3
y
L i to
I'm Hideyuki Nakata from Sakura Apartments in District Three. Call me Hide. I played soccer in high school for three years, and in college for four My position was forward. I haven't played soccer at all since I joined the company I work at now. I'm a bit nervous, but I look forward to playing with all of you. ^ j)) II. Speaking at an informal gathering for people in different industries:
(D^'Uziy^llv-4
yX
# ± T t o
^
t o J i
L J;
I'm Inoue of Nozomi Consulting. After graduating from college, I worked in a trading company for a long time, but five years ago I quit that company and began working as a consultant. Before I joined Nozomi Consulting, I was at Sakura Consulting. I'm glad to have this opportunity to meet all of you.
,i
< f, -7 y •> 3 y
t h i r d district
^^
Inoue (surname)
district
L X 1 L f
trading company
Sakura A p a r t m e n t s (fictitious a p a r t m e n t building)
$ <
Sakura Consulting (fictitious c o m p a n y )
3 y ^ j - l l f ^ y9'
Nakata (surname) Hideyuki (given name)
tf-'
Hide ( n i c k n a m e ) call m e . . . (particle used after a q u o t a t i o n ) d o (less f o r m a l t h a n - f - S )
t°y-ya 7 ^ 7 n V A ^
position
y
f o r w a r d (position in a game)
K y-^l\/f-
zjy^l't/y-A,
-i y 9' y 9'
N o z o m i Consulting (fictitious c o m p a n y ) consulting
111
! READING TASK
ë ^
IC
è
r/o z L i
L T C O
L i L / c o A # ^ 32^^^<;)
^^<7)
A^iz
^o^-j:-7 L T .
^
(to c A L i
XoT.
ltv^^^^(7:)
ABC7-X~lc L/co 2 ^ ^ i l c
t^"^'^^^
TTto
Answer the following questions:
3) ^ Ö i ^ ^ ( ± «
i
S
n(D ïïui)'<
Ltz-f]\
VOCABULARY It
$
2 ^-f;^
personal history t w o years later later half a year
L j r - t f ^ ^
112
^^^.1-
j5r^5v^<7)
female, w o m a n
4/C
'
X i i
J;
9 ^
XUiL/co
i i i
1) - f i ^ ^ ^ A l i
-^A^
{/oCLiL/:7§\
L i L/:r)\
^ i ^ i L
KANJI PRACTIC X ^ l:*7 ii'< learn
^ i
tL^
be born student
W^ L1 7 school
» ^
L L<.
branch
^^^^^^^ company
f :7
^7
t '
r
1 1
nA
r
M l
end
IC
liA
p word language
P "
chUd
man
Z
woman i.'
PU
PTT^
Ms. Martin is about to visit the Nal
h(On.
-7^}-^L
i:^
- - p . 117
m :
t 2 T t o
ZH-y^-t,
\ : ^ i \ z
^ f < ^ T i - o
Arriving at the Nakajima home, Ms. Martin gets into a conversation with her former host mother
t£i^\:t
t •v/ify
IfzXo
ZZIZ - p . 119
fe^tt''j(7)
X ^ ^ ^ A I C
^VNiLc-/co
^
- p . 122
*•
1=^ l i ' ^
=
Morita: Martin:
Uhhh, aren't you Marie? Oh, Emi?
Morita: Martin:
It's been a long time. When did you come here, Marie? I've been working in Tokyo since last month. You've grown, haven't you, Emi?
Morita:
I'm in my second year of junior high school now. I'm on my way to juku.
Martin: This area has certainly come to life (lit., "gotten lively"), hasn't it? Nakajima: You can say that again. It's become much more convenient compared to seven years ago, you know. Martin:
On my way here, I met Emi from next door. She said she was going to juku. Japanese children have it rough, don't they?
^ f f l
M o r i t a (surname)
L ^
h
X
^
~
^
^) t-d/CT!>^
i s l t n o t . . . ?, a r e y o u n o t . . . ? Emi (given name)
^
A
(title o f courtesy; see Note 2 b e l o w )
2.
second year o f j u n i o r high school
**7 L t j i <(
cram school
'i' ^
"
t v ^
Vi'^A H
~
^
considerably b
T
compared t o . . .
^
"( Ic) 7c
Nakajima (surname)
(particle indicating a standard t o w h i c h s o m e t h i n g is c o m p a r e d ) •5i (R2)
compare
Nvi^
quite a b i t
L ^ ^ ' j
1.
Even though Emi Morita thinks that the woman she sees is probably Marie Martin, she is not quite sure, so she uses this sentence pattern to address her. If you have mistakenly identified a stranger as someone you know, all you have to do is apologize with -fUt-^/C T L /c. And if someone mistakes you for someone else, you can just say, V u N x. > ^ T!)'^ ^ È "f, "No, you're mistaken." 2. X-o.
hs
X
=
Ms. Martin reacts with surprise because Emi has spoken to her without warning and because'she has changed a lot in seven years. ^ is an informal title of courtesy used mainly toward women younger than oneself, or toward children. 3. VNO, Z b i C ? This is an abbreviation of VN-9,
Zt)iyK
^ { ^ )
tzLX'i'-f}\
Compulsory education in Japan consists of six years of elementary school, A^^'^ ( L i 1 -ó^'r) Z 7 ) , and three years ofjunior high school, "^^^ {% n> 1 -o Z l ) . When talking about a child's year in school, you can use abbreviations such as^ {fy 7 ) 2 f o r ' t ' ^ 2 ^ : 4 . {i^ y^) 1-/)' < 2 ^ A - l f v N) _ "second?.year student in junior high school." 5. L l * < L ll) < are private after-school "cram schools" in which children and teenagers study for junior and senior high school and university entrance exams. 6.
-f V
7cV
N,^:
^
Both " f V N . r X and 7c V N^^. mean "to a large extent," but V expected," while Tc'v N^. nneans "more, but not quite completely."
has the nuance of "more than
7. ^ 7 T L J; 7o • Use this when the other person says something that you, too, believe to be true or strongly agree with. Say it with a rising intonation.
I ll
D e s c r i b i n g a C h a n g e i n s t a t e (1) 'J i t
means "become" or "get" and indicates a change of state. You use it with adjectives in
their adverbial forms (see Unit 2, Lesson 6, p. 84) and with nouns followed by
f+
Coats and sweaters and the like have become cheaper.
The weather has gotten better.
Marie has gotten better at Japanese, (lit., "As for Mary, her Japanese has become good.") Spring has come, (lit, "It has become spring.")
^XlLK
^/'j/cVNTto
I want to become a teacher
Complete the sentences as in the example.
ill-
fe'fe-
1) *iv^LvN 2) VN^7^
lfX$
7) $ t V N
spring dark dislike, be sick o f
117
0 Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) ^
tc'J
i
LT^O
2)
^ ' j i
L;^o
i
L/bo
1 O^fVN
3) l ± 7 ^ ^ ^)SSft 5)
•
L A f . ^ J:
6)
^ ' i i L ; ^ .
7
,J/^J: 7 $
^ LT^O ^
^ i j
I Construct pairs of sentences as in the example.
1) ^ / o ,
^.OVN
2)
t-f'LvN
3)
o^t^,
^fiJvs
J
l±/c^
t w e n t y years o l d
,>h*
winter
/cV:'">^'<-fc!:^^
university s t u d e n t
"f-fL^^
cool
ï/j: 7 $
Illness, disease fall
i
L;^.
0]
" W h e n " (2) ^ as you have learned, means "when" when it is used after a modifier. When the modifier is a verb, its form is one of the plain forms you learned in Unit 2, Lesson 4 (p. 52). For example: J: I wear glasses when I read the newspaper.
Ut,yi'
h-f]^h+£\^
%-fi
^i-fo
I look at a map when I am lost.
I will bring a bottle of wine when I go to the party tomorrow.
I drank a lot of beer when I went to Germany last year. The meaning of the sentence differs depending on which tense, present or past, you use before ^ ^ . Consider these examples:
IC
HL
<
i-
When I came to Japan (i.e.. On my way to Japan), I bought it at the airport (i.e., at an airport outside of Japan). B^ic IC
[IL
^tz i
i i z n r
XvNiL/co
ii-
When I came to Japan (i.e.. Having come to Japan), I bought it at the airport (i.e., an airport in Japan). When the tense before ^ $ is present, as in the first example, the action in the temporal clause (i.e., the t $ clause) has not been completed when the action in the main sentence takes place. On the other hand, if the tense before ^ $ is past, as in the second example, it means that the action in the temporal clause has been completed at the moment the action in the main sentence occurs.
Read the following sentences aloud while considering their meanings.
1) # ^ ^ ^ l ±
•iAii, (R2)
J; <
L^7^^^-^f^T
p u t o n (glasses) road, w a y
-hm^
n^t-t.
10 H
[oo r / A
] 0
6 ) -f
»
<-
f:^/c <
8)
Ulfz
9) # y i v ^ ^ ^ ± •f-f S
Ap^iT «fe'ii-
stall, kiosk pick u p
120
^Tt
U i L /c
^t;-^^o/cTto
Oil- Plain Forms of Adjectives a n d of Nouns + T " t " You learned the plain fornns of verbs In Unit 2, Lesson 4 (p. 52). Adjectives and nouns + T t have plain forms, too. They are as follows; -ƒ adjectives
-desu form
plain form
present aff. present neg.
fcvN L < 4 ' V N T t
past aff.
Ü\. N L-Ó^-ofz
past neg.
fe^ ^ L < tt'rJ^o fz
-A/a adjectives
-desu form
plain form
mmtz
present aff.
-N% IJ
present neg.
mmru
past aff.
mm T
past neg.
mmm
IJ
•
IJ
lfz IJ
Nouns
h^)t^L
h^ji^Lrifz
mU-li '
IJ
^i-h-^-ofz
IJ
+T't
-desu form present aff.
plain form
hiöTt ^tóTIi
present neg. past aff.
hióTLfz
past neg.
h^TU
^XVN fz
h^)t^/iTlfz
121
uiiy
Using Direct and Indirect Quotation Y o u use
^
f "
0 o
T
VN i
L
tz
t i o n . (In d i r e c t q u o t a t i o n , y o u use
Mr
t o r e p o r t w h a t s o m e o n e s a i d , in b o t h d i r e c t a n d i n d i r e c t q u o t a -
f J
Hayashi said, "I will go t o
in place o f q u o t a t i o n
marks.)
Kyoto."
lïï.,indirect q u o t a t i o n , y o u use p l a i n f o r m s f o r t h e p a r t q u o t e d .
Mr. Hayashi said he w o u l d g o t o Kyoto.
#^^^±
t^mz
f^-ofz^l
Mr. Hayashi said he w e n t t o
Y o u use
s" ( v V
N É L fz
- j - o T V N i L / c o
Kyoto.
instead of " 1 " (v 0
T
VN ^
LTC w h e n y o u w a n t t o e m p h a s i z e
fact that s o m e o n e said s o m e t h i n g , rather t h a n t h e c o n t e n t of w h a t t h e y said.
n
C o m p l e t e t h e s e n t e n c e s as in t h e e x a m p l e .
•f-f
i
- f A ^ U i
^
t o T v N i L / r o 11
^ ' f i ^ : f ^ ^ ( ±
^
" t o T v N i L / c o
^ / > J - > ' ^ ^ ( ±
^
t o T v N i L / c o
f-f
2)
-fi^/K J i s
•
5
i-
(v 0 i
t
$ V N ^ o
^\^:^.-f)<
( J L v N T t o
is n o t t h e o n l y v e r b t h a t y o u u s e a f t e r
"to think," or $
(^A(±)
:
^
i
- t
# ^ A I ±
I think Mr. Hayashi will g o to
^ t < ^
I ± ^ L
Hayashi (surname)
É V V !i L
last n i g h t
L J: 7 i^-o
S V> ^ ^
yellow w a n t t o have
fe^^VNito
Kyoto.
fJ) 7 - <
liL^*
Y. i n q u o t a t i o n s . Y o u c a n a l s o u s e fe ^
" t o ask," " t o hear," for instance.
' N7 ^ -f C ' - f
every year ' N e w Year Hawaii s p e n d (time)
fe' i
7
think
VN ^
-f,
the
To say, "I don't think . . ." you use ~ ' j . ' V ^
hf:l
til'I
iiT t
iiii^^t
t.
O
I don't think Mr. Hayashi will go to Kyoto, (lit., "I think Mr. Hayashi will not go to Kyoto.") ^
fe
V Ni t
is the phrase to use when expressing your opinion or asking another person theirs.
To state what a third person thinks, use ^ fe ^) o T V "> ^ -f" (to be studied in Book III).
Our department manager thinks Mr Hayashi will go to Kyoto.
I Complete the answers to the questions as in the example.
A : ^-^-^ H B :
fetv^ito
±±h^x^Y
fe^^vNi-fc
a : B :
:
;
a : B :
3) A#±<7) If
:
3yh°;i-:7-|±
a :
fe^;VNito
^
fe^;VNito
^
fe^;VNito
K
fe^^vNito
VNVNT-TTJ^ ;
B :
4) A^±<7)
^
zjy t ° r x - 7 - J ; ' J
^
feivN^to
^
fe^;VNito
* < T
VNVN
oyt°=L-y-t)'
a :
^
fe*,vNito
B :
^
feivNi-to
h^)t
cost (money) c
L i : ij. 7
w i t h i n t h e year necessary computer
123
WORD POWEf I. Nature:
® ® U
'J
<
%
®
® -h^h ® t
®lh
*j
® VN|t ®
®U'fiU
(i/clt
®^n II. Urban life: ® -7 y v 3 >"
®r^<-
®^i*9L^i:j:9
h
® i: * 7 /c <
@ L J; 9 T ^ ^ n ^
®
®
h/U%
® l±
fefe75VcX-/^°-
L
®Zn\Lin
III. Expressions for talking about change: ®0^-^^|C7^X'S.
®
®
$^VN|Cvi>-z,
®m]K^j:^
tree green
mli
< 7i
124
li/dt
rice paddy
i: * 7
Ac <
housing
river
house
pond
road
air
l±L
bridge
cloud:
C7 7 L J: 7 T^!>n\
means of transportation
forest
6 < tf.- ^
station building
rii(R2)
be built
•i-'hi
change
disappear dirty
.Ï-X.'& (R2)
increase
shopping street
decrease
grove;
gas station
inconvenient
field, patch
large supermarket
cramped
I. Talking about a change that has come over an area of town:
•7)V9y:h(r)
tzXt(D\± Üfi
mr-f-ö\ tcL
Martin:
Seven years ago, this area was fields, wasn't it?
Nakajima:
Yes. Ever since the station was built three years ago, (the number of) apartment blocks and residences has increased dramatically. What is that large, white (lit., "white, large") building over there? It's the community center. It was built last year
Martin: Nakajima: ^ ^
0
II. Being relieved to see that a park one once knew is still the same old park:
•71X^9 y : X-ö-'otz \ Martin:
Wow! This park hasn't changed, has it?
Nakajima: Martin:
That's right. The trees and the pond are just as they were back in the old days. I'm-sogladl
~X'it
right? (sentence-final particle c o m b i n a t i o n )
tzX
t
$ (}! •) | c
o ~ t
wow ~ t
both . . . and . . .
t i
j u s t as it is/was
tJ-A^L ~
building suddenly, dramatically
bacl< in t h e o l d days
SPEAKING PRACTICE ^ 1)) Greeting a friend one has not seen in a long time:
^
nh 5
tm
:
tm: Maeda: Sasal
Long time no see. You can say that again. How many years has it been, I wonder It's been (a period of) twenty years, hasn't it? You haven't changed a bit since then, have you I Same goes for you. What are you doing these days? I work for Nozomi Bank. And you've been in Tokyo this whole time? I was in Singapore from five years ago until last year
M a e d a (surname) N o z o m i Bank (fictitious b a n k ) a f t e r an interval o f . . . (suffix)
I._
TASK 1
READING
hf:L
inLix
tliit'l
*
ic ISA
t^lc
:^5A
^/U i
LT.
/ t - A X x ^ ^
L T C O
T^iL/coB^^
S:^A<75
^$.<7 37T
\t-i-j:K6
r.tf-:%t
tz <
d-^Xh7T^'j-
IC IÏA
K
ttz
K ^ i ^ i l i L t z o <
Answer the following questions, assuming you are Ms. Martin:
1) V N O 2)
M , T
.tX h 7 r
.t-AXx^^
^ 'j-IC
3) l±LA6T
B:^
^ 7
^X^X
'Ji7'J^
litcK^
4) H ^ ^
LiL/:^\ ^tT^TL/cT^^
^^'7
-fe-^Tc
<7 3 7 T
^XtL-
^ < ^ < ^
m^'tltzt>\ LiL/c7^\
VOCABULARY merriory
;f^X
V7r
I
F^t^
'j
-
host f a m i l y be nervously excited
/•£X/iX
gradually
\i-t-£K^ (R2) •
leave feeling
!
127
lUI
Ifl II
#2tici±.
« ^ ^ < / ) X x y
Fy 3 y
7 > ~ t i . ^ b ^ i - t o
r t o
# l i - > L - f - ^ ^ ^ ' i
l±7> ^ Ao
u x
i
L/-CO J I M ^ ' / L X t t ^ o T .
^ ^ T ^ - f e ^ / 'j - ( 7 ) ; ^ ^ ^ X - $ T .
^tlc/L-'j i
M.'^^^'^m^^s:
h-7>'^7;7 7x;^^Yc< ^ 5 ^ T $ T .
• i;,'
•• !•••
I j
i±ti:*< 128
<
'j i
L
% % x \ ^ ^ \ t h ^ y ^ ^ M ' f ^
f/T L v N ^ + P M 7 ( 7 ) 7 T y V 3 y e ' / H c ^ ^ b o 7 c < 7 ) T t o
«is
L/co
?S l ü ) ' ^ ' L
VOCABULARY -® Te
7 r y ~> 3 y
X . 1j X
Harajuku (district in To!
housewife
story, tale
at t h a t t i m e
O m o t e s a n d o (street n a m e )
Dojunkai Apartments (one of the oldest m o d e r n a p a r t m e n t s in J a p a n , d a t i n g back t o 1926 and c o n s t r u c t e d o f reinforced concrete)
all over t h e w o r l d
little by little
store selling b r a n d - n a m e
boutique
main street
X x V K x 3 -y7°
modern
fashionable p a r t o f t o w n
^0 CwAiiHi
apparel
T7-{r+^ij-
accessories
feL^n(ttO
stylish
line u p time
O m o t e s a n d o Hills (name o f a
t.tnfz< % (R2)
s h o p p i n g center)
residential area flow
t - 7 V t ^
design
s t r a w b e r r y patch
am strawberry fish dealer
a-t-'i' f r u i t a n d v e g e t a b l e dealer
f ti f
o p e n (of business)
7 r y V 3 ytVl/
stylish b u i l d i n g c o n t a i n i n g b o u t i q u e s a n d o t h e r f a n c y shops ( w r i t t e n / f o r m a l style of
--"/CX'-t)
symbolize
neighborhood
/ S T Y L E MOTE \ When you write Japanese, you do not actually leave a space between one word and another; the use of kanji and kana in combination makes it clear where one word ends and another begins. In this textbook, we have been keeping the number of kanji small, so to make the stories and dialogues easier to read, we have written words separately. With this "Story of Harajuku," however, we have followed the original Japanese notation rules. You should feel that the more kanji there are, the less need there is to have spaces between words. 129
r
if
convenient
^'
mi
• , •' i
advantage profit
•57 —>
if"
—>
teU-
7
^ 7
1*7 tf 1*7 Lj <
evening
n <7 S ft sky, air empty
CM?
T
Ms. Martin is at a local community center, talking to Mr, Yamakawa, who is in charge of a civic orchestra.
M
: y y / ^ - ^
lil^PiLX
j ^ o / c X T t o
t£i><
iiiiilXTto
8H#7i^bT-t>^^ T ' J - ^ X I i i:
mKh\'i *
-p. 136
Ujjil :
M
132
:
MK'. -JM.
^i^Lt)^
U / L t ' t
X6ZS^}:
feivNito
Martin:
When was this orchestra founded?
Yamal
VOCABULAnV
Ojjll
orchestra
t h e r e are also t h o s e w h o . . .
Y a m a k a w a (surname)
work
friend
ipith
/ y^<—
ffKhi
b e o n t i m e , make it
member
visit ( h u m b l e f o r m ; see N o t e 5 below)
recruit
w o u l d it be all right? (politer f o r m of'.n^T'i'^^")
recruitment
be pleased, be d e l i g h t e d
experience
1 . :J I i - f -
4—\iy9-
Communlty centers are buildings owned by local governments and established to support residents' cultural activities.
The -te form sometimes indicates a cause or means for another action. Here it means "by" rather than "and."
This is the same as I f v M t ^ 7 ^ ^ ' - f t (^//^^") v^
( T J V C ) . When the modifying clause is short,
can replace -ö^.
^ fe ^ 9 can express either an opinion or a guess. In this case it indicates that Ms. Martin is guessing that the time of the orchestra practice will suit her schedule. You can even use ^ fe i 9 when you are actually sure of your opinion but want to avoid sounding too assertive.
This is a humble equivalent of 0 i , "to go," and tz-ffl -B, "to visit." When you use 9 '^'"^^ 9, you are being humble about your own actions and showing respect toward the other person.
•LJ H H
u (( 0
-. Forming iVlodifying Clauses You have already learned how nouns and adjectives modify nouns. ^|±C0
< /Z, ±
the company car
fift
TJ^^VNO
L/C-t+otL'
a cute child
A
a kind person
The formation of modifying clauses constructed from nouns or adjectives is as follows:
' h>i^
B
a rainy day
• . i5)
H
a day that isn't rainy
ii^^HLii^
-ftv ^ A
i'f^^ii/L'ó^
tf*< ut -S:'(•^'V^
a person with much experience
A
a person who doesn't have much experience
Ut •
A
L J: 9 " f t - '
T^X-XT!/^
. T- —X
a person who is good at tennis
L J: 7 - f T l ± ^ ' V N A
a person who isn't good at tennis
v-t
You use the past tense (plain form) to indicate that the noun being modified used to be in some state but is not anymore. ij-^^L
t^^^^-oTc
.-?-^''t<7)
Z6
* ^ i r
'y 4 X^—
-f^fi-yfz
^pjp 7
whiskey that was expensive in the old days
^
a book I liked as a child
l: J: 9 / H X / c
>LZh the place that was a parking lot until last year
iihix
an actress who was not at all famous ten years ago Verbs can also modify nouns, in which case their plain forms are used.
hLfz hLfz
f-^—ic ^'^—f-^—lZ ^
A ^ts:^^ A
a person who will come to the party tomorrow a person who won't come to the party tomorrow
vt
z
X
^(^9
•'•^—y-^—lZ
$<7)9
•'<—y^ 4 —IZ ^tC'i^'ofz
. a person who came to the party yesterday
A
a person who didn't come to the party yesterday
Any noun in a sentence can be modified by a modifying clause.
Zm±
-7^)-^^^^^
TjHsfc
This is the picture that Marie drew. 134
X T t o
I saw the picture that Marie drew.
9 7)Hi
4'
The picture that Marie drew is in the meeting room.
Note that you cannot use the topic particle l± inside a modifying clause. So:
Mr Mills bought a book. but
3tL(±
DX^Xih^^
H o 7c
i^X-fo
This is the book that Mr. Mills bought.
Complete the sentences as in the example.
m) #A(±
^
hfzl
iwl^i
ti:< I t
X%
1) ^-^U
YXt
llli
fev^LvNTto
T< ^-+l±
2)
HBIHIC
3) $^^± hkl
Ifzo
xVN-hT
:fe/-£Xic
(li_L^
Kt
4) i Ë ^ Ü
Xv^^;<7)^
^ T t
feHXv^Ti-c
LiLT^co
^^ilfz. A-
*)/cbL
$^LVNTL/co
•ttAlf-p
lose Mexico stay o v e r n i g h t
135
I^fl] • iMominalizing Sentences
You can nominalize a sentence (i.e., turn it into a noun clause) by using the particle CO.
L z't
n
t:
Work ends at around seven, (lit., "As for work's ending, it is around seven o'clock.") Here CO is used to identify the entire phrase ( L C" ^ ) 7[i^ (fe) :b -?> as the topic of the sentence.
htzL
t>i
I like jogging in the morning.
htzl
<
I am waiting for Mr. Mills to get here (lit., "to come") As these examples show, you use plain forms before CO, and the particle -f)^ replaces the topic particle i l .
Complete the sentences as in the examples.
x>z n
-^^ i t o
^ U Z i ^ r 1) hifz
^m\z
'0<
4HfTto
Tito
^^»^^Tto i- tn
2)
3)
^;^x•^^l±
v y U ^ y ^ A i l
4) A B C y - X ' < 7 )
Xr/Tto
136
Lf^)o*,j;9ic
H;^ic
^%h7j<
# $ i t o (n\t
*^iTto
(n\t
2^^,g|yTtc
(DM
^yy
^ t l f z . if-7t A
*Uitc y y y
gj2) X i f . - y t : ^^A(±
| . i t o
X.t°-y^
^^<7)^<
t ^ T t o
->-?)l9yiL{±
t ^ T t o
-**oS^^l±
(DTJ^-
t^T-fo
i x i - f T - T o
(D-ö^
t x i - f T - f o
7)fe^X^
jl^Uii-o
- ^ w ^ ^ ^ ±
:
- - v ^ ^ ^ ( ±
-^m± 9)
tziz'i
fe^$
%l(Dt
h - t ^ t i t z .
(ItvNito
-^^l±
cpt
h - f K t l t z o
(7)^
;b1-^iL;^o
(7)^
i o T v ^ i t c
<;)^
i-^x^^ito
hfzl
10)
y-;l.<7?
-^^11 1 1 ) ^Ift'^^-
/-cLito
l^^'J
i t o
^*oi|^A(± 12)
ici,-o;^<
^^-^ito
^;^x^^^±
f=iz'
egg pay be delivered
137
Explain about the various roonns in a community center by saying the following sentences:
3) ZZ\1
LU J: 9 L - ^ T - f o
'
'
M
L'JJ;9^^~
4) C Z | ±
^ h L o T t o ^lt:?È^
5) 3 C | ±
$ 0 ; i ^ L o T - r o /clfC^
1) 2) 3) 4)
tzHL
^^"9^ t9
+£hl
YZ^T-To
YZ^T-r.
^C^T-fo
This is a hall. It's where people give concerts and lectures. This is an office. It's where people working at the community center spend their time. This is a reference room. It's where there are books and lots of other reference materials. This is a Japanese-style room. It's where people take lessons in ikebana and tea ceremony.
5) This is a smoking lounge. It's where people smoke.
lecture p r e s e n t a t i o n
office LU
J: 9
L O
reference r o o m Japanese-style
138
hi>
L
$ O X ^ L O
room
smoking lounge
W O R D POWER
®fe*>^
® L ^ L ^
®'f-\'-^t
®-?-tV^
®7«HN;^%
Imagine that you are doing "show and tell" with some souvenirs from a recent trip.
1) ZKli
tSiC
n-ofz
2) C ^ ( ± ^Ti-o
Y i . n-ofz
^-ijc/^ic $iLVN^x
;fj<
fe^^Tto
T i .
^
9 ^'^^l?.
i-^yi/^\z
th-^tz
Ètz
fk/LT
Y-otz
L^L
9 ^ T L J: 9o" "
3) ZK\±
ifsyziyiz
^y^/c
4) zmt
^^^A-f)^i^
B^\z
5) C H ( ±
>tlllc
!)f^
;fT-^/c
X}Zni
r/^o/c
i-^^tVV
^T
Ko/c
^^^vNT^^bT-To 9 ^ l c
39
L-f~5t;
*9 tA 1) This is tea I bought when I went to China (i.e., while I was in China). I haven't drunk it yet. It was very expensive, you see. 2) This is a photo I took from a plane when I went from Paris to Greece (i.e., on the plane from Paris to Greece). The ocean is beautiful, isn't it? 3) This is a Chinese dress I received from Ms. Chan when I went to Hong Kong. I like it very much. 4) This is perfume I bought in a plane on my way back to Japan from Hawaii. It has a sweet, nice fragrance (lit., "It smells sweet and nice.") 5) These are seashells I picked up when I went to Okinawa (i.e., when I was in Okinawa). The sunset (lit., "the evening sun that sunk into the sea") was truly beautiful.
^''-)•>+ f - + -f
Greece F l^X
Chinese (silk) dress
TJ^Ü U -b^"^ i j
-f.z,
s m e l l , be f r a g r a n t
^^nX>
evening sun
smell, f r a g r a n c e
è I:
like, care f o r
^H^jJ^'t
seashell
Z^-f\^
perfume
L^'ü
sink
13
PHRASE POWER Describing yourself:
watch sports
1 observe people and things
z^r-t
move around (lit., "move one's body") outdoors
®li\:i6X(D
VN^VN^t.-
ZY
A^
r h i meet new (lit., "various"
try new things
know new cultures
people
spend time quietly
take care of animals
What type of person are you? Talk about yourself in terms of what you like to do.
1) #AI±
xA:-yi
2) ï l ±
A^
hf=l
3) ^A l±
M^^or t
^YT
•ó^Li'O'ti •ó^/L'S-o Z
r/Li-^i-6(0r
t^Tto
Vt
r^tzi
(concrete) t h i n g
^
t^T-fo
observe observation outside
•/j^ijti
body
7 Z'^S^-f
move
1 r Tj^t <^ '^^^ - f i T-fo
Ill^WTcO
C!i
first, f i r s t - t i m e
CÜ
(abstract) t h i n g , m a t t e r <
% X Ï
ki-f
h
m e e t (by chance), encounter
n e w things
(±1:A6TCÖ
.Ï'AT}^
culture
i:'7.5^0
animal
challenge, test oneself against - f h
•^iT-btA
{.-^i)
t a k e care ( o f )
challenge
-tt;f9 various, all sorts
care
READING TASK 1
Some people use their blogs to describe everyday things that they find curious, things they like or dislike, or things they are fanatical about. Read Ms. Martin's blog.
TcAö'^ Ü ^ ^ o f±TO I t t>t
ü
st
8 et0^6 n A U f 0 5^S©(ë: /cl'l^^^^^:t(^^ föl u
Worca-roTOUA
VOCABULARY
1 Z'< l-fY'
blog
^
civic, civil
9^ X
properly
y°c?7^—
profile
move
j r . -y 7 ; f — A
nickname
age group
" 7 'j —
b u t . . . (partiele; less formal than -h^) ^ somehow, one way or another
O Jt 9
^
m y f a v o r i t e , m y beloved
D
cello
• T
> h 7 4- 7
H V ^
1 1 0 X.
iij^tz
h
Marie A n t o i n e t t e age blood type
141
IJ!
A
L->-5i,io
Zinit
Boet CD - ^ - x ^ ^ ö ' ^
7—x-O©
n^UKt)^ö^^
142
A«r-ro
A**t:
Uy)5^(ë; ^ b y ^ T ^ o
r
6DU
ure
Cctfe
l^ur^o
^D^TOs
^fercu^ch
Bfeo/c
n
VOCABULARY Monica V
3
Jonah life
L
oneself
i i <
s o n g , piece o f music
• v-oyv'-
tae kwon do
Martin
Pamela
R o p p o n g i Hills (name o f a s h o p p i n g center)
skating
Interest, h o b b y
Ayyiyx^-V
in-line skating
^ < IC
especially
-f<6
skate, glide a r o u n d
^^n^
big city
1^
city lights
thanks to . . .
yA yxt°-v
n o t easily regrettable, unfortunate
TrJMt'S (R2)
(R2)
lifetime s p o r t g r o u p , club
7
Ij
dick
the other day
line
g o o u t , set o u t
(counter f o r ordinal numbers)
father
143
144
ir
zh
•
/
•—V
--it
^
r •
time degree
ft
r
mountain
river
IÈ
11 _ ^
It*
i>
If*
flower
m xhW
rice field
'
s,^
^
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1)
(
2)
-tic. # ^ ± ^ (
3) ^Ai±
)
i'f^jiLtzo
-t^TLfco
A :^ (
)
4) i y i / . r : T (
)
5) X ^ X ^ ^ (
)
^ i ^ i L^^co ^j^-'j/c^^Tto ^i^/c
jtx;Kl
^b/btL
^^vNTL/co
( HJ ' . choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used ""^ twice in the same dialogue.
1) A : (
)
B-^mr
(
)
B : ^ B
X1
+£^)tLtzn. LX\^hLTi-i)\
C D ^
B^U
^.{lYLY:
Ixii'lz
$^^Tv^i•to
2.-f^^vA
2) A : (
)
3. ^ ~ ' ? ^ o T
i'LZilz
4 . il^'co C b ^ ^
'oY^X\^6Lrir-^\
-OY^X^'t-to LY'iK'-oX 3) B:^iz 1: l i ^
^6 <
i.i±i:*^T
2.>f
3. fcWi^
Wili B^^iz-OK^X ( ) ix. tz UA 2.-tfX-tfX 3.7^x/cX
A.-f-oY L Ij i - t ^ : ^ T L / b o 4./c^^>r^
'([DO/ 'Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense.
1) 9 ^ ^
(
2) fern, r-^'t 3) C C i c
)
Uit
/-Jit
I fzr'% 1
(
(
) ^$.^^T
4) - 7 ; ^ ^ y ^ ^ ( ±
^fpic
^ x y ^ Lite
(Tit)
) 4- 'J i L /co (V H N T t ) ^^v^^
(
U6^'tlfzo ) Y
( f t t )
toTvNiL/co
(^T^it)
5) 4mi mz:iiLt H i * *
146
(
)
m^r l: i-h
h^)t^Lxi/z.
i-k^tir) f:
[^[I^
Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
^) hfzhl^'Xiy^'
(
l.êLtfiX
)
hfz^)li
Z
2.lli:*6T
izi^K^riZ
3 . T i r
AA'f'oX o<
•5 2)
7yy7.^
3)
/ y x ^
Llt^^
^ X ^ ^ J ;
2B#FB^
2.;flAb<
1 . T A L J : < L T
5)
).
^j.'boTvNito
1.a^L^*7
4.
(
7
(
)
3.ltv^lt^
^.U-OZLX
3.
LTvNitc
4.11^^$^^
-of,
i
i
LT
A : ^/OTj^LvNT-r^fao -tl^
B :
^/ijiL
^^^^i\z
1.l±L*:)iLT
#o/c(7?|±
3^luTL/c/la.
{ 2. i / c
3. fe?/^ L > r ; f j T t
4.^J;9'iX
Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1)
t-oTvN^ (
)
2) * ^ (
(
)
)
(
%-h\{\z
x'jiL/co )
(
)
ziyM^-h^
x-iX
)
4)
Yi. (
f-:KX-f-h\
±;i-c^^~ ^ h ^ ^ i c
3)
(
±
)
:kAY (
t - ' j i L/co
( ) 0'jiL/co
im^t )
mmiz
(
)
147
I
f.
^
^
^
^
^
\i.
Above all else, words are for communicating one's intentions to others. The focus of this unit is on using Japanese to cooperate with other people in accomplishing common goals. Drawing on the example of planning a vacation, the unit presents expressions for negotiating schedules, gathering information, stating preferences, and explaining special circumstances.
It Is March. Ms. Martin has come to her section chief, Mr Kato, to ask for permission to take a vacation the following month.
^nH :
•7jiyy:h(Di.
^
B^^ic
^n
^^(DX\
3
^'
- . p . 154
If ^ 9 T t ' ^ ^
^Htt'i^
^HNT-fJ:
Martin: Boss, may I bother you for a moment? Kato: Yes, what is it? Martin: Uhh, my parents are coming to Japan, so I'd like to take about three days of vacation at the beginning of next month. Kato: Next month . . . Preparations for the Tokyo Food Fair will be starting. Can you attend the planning meeting on the sixth? Martin: Yes, my parents plan to go home on the fourth, so I'll be able to come to the office from the fifth. Kato: I see. If that's the case, fine. Martin: Thank you very much.
section chief a b o u t (lit., " t o t h e e x t e n t o f " ) (particle) vacation
^^fztz<
receive ( h u m b l e f o r m ) begin
1
%hh^
tij
planning meeting can a t t e n d
(R2)
6
^iT$
can s h o w u p at t h e o f f i c e
(R2)
clock In, s h o w u p a t t h e o f f i c e L tji -9
can if t h a t is t h e case. If so
mmm 1. ^ J : o ^
J l ^ L v N T L J; 9 ^ ^ ^
"May I bother you for a moment?" This is a polite way of getting someone's attention. You use it when you want to ask a superior or stranger a favor or question.
2. 3B (^-o^)
UY'
i ^ O n
^^fztzifz^^
o
There are three points to be made about this sentence: (1) The
means the same as < ^^^X il) 1 -é^t:
verb
^
< % V N but is more polite.
is the usual word for "take a vacation," but here Ms. Martin uses the polite
^^fztz (, "to receive humbly," instead of tl 6 because she is talking to her boss. ^ fz tz
( is one of a number of special verbs used to express humility.
"If that's the case, fine." You use - f ^ t i . ' to indicate that what you are about to say—in this case, "okay" to Mn Martin's request—applies only if the situation just mentioned holds true.
151
Giving a Reason (1) Like IQ,
]S]mtl'
H^IC
^6
irplt)-t
\^fztzi
fz^'^
o
My parents are coming to Japan, so I'd like to take a vacation.
n-o^-
h'ofz
W^ilfzo
I had a fever, so I stayed home from school. b, on the other hand, is best used when you are trying to convince someone of something.
This book is very interesting, so please read it (and see how you like it)
^fcvvtt^^^Tt^^b. ZZIZ
\h-^j:^^T<
tii^\
It's dangerous, so please don't come in here. Plain forms ordinarily come before <0 T, except that -na adjectives in the present-affirmative tense and nouns + T t
take ti" instead of tz. (See p. 121 for plain forms of -na adjectives and nouns
z
imVj:
Am'^^Jt-to
This computer is convenient, so it is popular
It is fine weather, so I will go for a walk.
In polite speech, though, people often use the
rS^ilt
%
YXt
desu/masu form before
lii; It will be the first time I see Kabuki, so I'm very much looking forward to it.
dangerous
Tt)
Construct sentences as in the example.
_^
2) 5<:^^~
J: 7 ^ T t o miz
3) *,46TL/co
5) * . 7 c i ^ ^ '
7)
'jf IJ
^"3 l e t
]ht!'iii^LTlfzo
VN/^VNTtotCL
^p^oJic??
fe^^vN|±
V ^T t O
i':^AT^j
7c^l: i 7 HTL/co
VNVvTt^\
7^T
LiL/co
8) ^ 7 ' < ' ^ ^ l ±
6 B # - * ^ t T t o ib^^lc
test slowly, leisurely t h e day before yesterday
Lo^vNLito
/N'-'f-f-^
M II
.
0
Expressing Potentiality In Japanese you can express potentiality in the two ways: (1) By using a noun followed by 5^''" T $ i
Q : ^mm'
riti-fi\
A:r±V\>CL Q: A:
t
T i t t o
Can you speak/read etc. Chinese? Yes, a little.
-
•
(2) By using the potential form of the verb. This form is used to say that someone "can" do something, or that sométhing "is possible."
Can I pay by credit card? The potential form Is constructed as follows: Regular I verbs: The final -u sound of the dictionary form is replaced by -eru.
•él meet
can meet
speak
can speak
Regular II verbs: The final -ru is replaced by -rareru.
ft
can eat
eat
see
can see
Irregular verbs:
i-6
<
do
can come
come
can do
Once a verb changes into the potential form, it becomes a potential verb and conjugates the same as a Regular II verb. -nai form
-masu form
-te form
-fa form
WxtiJ:
X
fz
fz
%xtz
X
fz
X
^
f:
fz
^hKX T i i i -
154
n^ioiifz Xifz
r
•
Examples:
Who can come tomorrow at nine?
J:
What do you do when you can't read a kanji? Those verbs that take ^ can take either ^ or when they have been turned into their potential forms. T $ -2) (the potential form of " f 6) takes almost all the time.
read kanji
can read kanji
play tennis
can play tennis
Change the verbs to their potential forms and create questions.
1)
U^il^+£t
# < o
2) ^ - ? V l 7 y ^
O7^^9o
3) C t * 9 ^ 7 ^ 4)
* L/c
-f'So
ÓHlpic
i:
5) il-KT 6)
•
<
(±1^ 7o
->
ii$^o
5B#|c
7) 3 ZIC
<
Yih^o
8) t}Zji
t T
->
9) L T ^ L ^ l c 10) 4 0 0 / 11) B:^m
i-L^
^ ÜX<\
i f z t
7/: 7 O
-> ^
:
'flF'So •7<
Spanish hiragana
nieter 155
i
WORD POWER I. Timeframes:
2^ H
(D
®
n 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
•k
i
28
® *^ ®
3^
lie
®
t
0
n
® .lf^=b u ®
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
l l * •irAiiA
$ J: 7 ®
i\^lx
® 1
® ®
An
®
i: I* A
H
7jC
!K
n
If
^ f j ^ ^ L t* •?
-tf^l±^
156
i
:^
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23'
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
t h e week after next
i
around the middle
V ^ -:> L * 9 W
the end
{fr>t'^
V V C'
t h e last t h e first w e e k o f t h e m o n t h the end of the m o n t h
t h e f i r s t half
L Jt 7 L rt> A
t h e f i r s t t e n days o f t h e m o n t h
t h e latter half
^11* 9
t h e m i d d l e t e n days o f t h e m o n t h
t h e first
IflltpL
A
t h e last t e n days o f t h e m o n t h
mi
SPEAKIWG PRACTICE Look at next month's planning calendar and assuming you are a member of the sales staff, talk about the events planned.
1
1
16
$ ft) 9
2
17
i.
3
i
18
H
4
H
19
n
5
n
20
6
21
7
22
8
23
rL\1\
9 10
25
11
26
12
±
24
n
1 lt^L.^) 9
27
13
>
28 >
14
>
^
7 - F 7 x T
( - 5 ^ 2 0)
29
15
30
Confirming the schedules of staffs:
ê^A
lt^L.^)9l±
^n
nMnr-t^o
ll-r-r
^A •r-r i
i
fciMfo
* A L t > 9
»
fcv^lfo
fciMfo
Kato: Suzuki: Kato: Martin:
.i.T
i-
li-A
>f+
Suzuki, your training program—what week of next month is it? It is the weekend of the fourth week. Marie, you are going to take your vacation around the middle of next month? No, at the beginning of next month. I'll take two days off.
p l a n n i n g calendar Ï5H ^ L; J : 9
g a t h e r i n g place
LtzA
p r e l i m i n a r y Inspection
<>)-
Perry (surname)
^,V^|C:fe
c o m i n g t o Japan
l t ^ L rt.
lie
tii-
T
t r a i n i n g session
| - t A L * 7
t r a i n i n g session
itPÏi-i
(title o f courtesy used a m o n g f r i e n d s o r toyvard p e o p l e w h o rank b e n e a t h y o u ) t a k e a vacation
th
t a k e , have
157
I. Services available at a department store:
®l\-f^li
®<6È\^i-
®fc^T*)bVN
®-^ipilK'
®
® llrpK^pjl-o
®
yo^T^;-®
J;
® ATI
Things one can do at a department store:
®\6
®rx6
111-
i T
'i-t
< -ï) É V <\l Dy(y
— -/}— a
c
i-^^LCi
o
i
wheelchair
t * ic
9 L 0 nursing room
baby carriage
t ni 1
X rest area
n
locker
s m o k i n g area
i^X-t
give back
S i " f I t -5 { R 2 )
give to (someone) to look after
•i^X.h{R2)
exchange, change
t i h ' t
w i t h d r a w (money)
. j - U C t)
make a direct deposit into a bank account
SPEAKIWG PRACTICI (^|)) Asking about services available at a department store:
'=
* A
T A i > A
rat
-tfXxA
7i>
U
i»-A
l; ,)sA
: 2H#HTt^o
: Y'l
t o
Tanaka:
I parked my car in the parking lot, but for how many hours can I park it there for free? salesperson: For purchases of more than ¥3,000, you can park there for two hours. Tanaka: Two hours, is it? salesperson: Yes. At the exit, show your parking ticket and receipts. Tanaka: Okay. And is there somewhere I can rest? salesperson: Beside the escalator there is a bench; feel free to use it. Tanaka: Thank you.
Is there a bathroom where one can change a baby's diaper?
t j ' ) X l
free
~ ^ ^ L J: 9
more than . . .
ii tp T L f a L
p a r k i n g ticket
l^i>-l-
receipt
Is there a locker where perishables can be stored?
~ff)
ï i ï i z ^i -f
fet;-o \-4
1/
beside, by
<'y
be, exist ( p o l i t e f o r m )
tct i,(0
h
pet perishables
diaper toilet, b a t h r o o m
159
A
i A D I N G & W R I T I N G TASK
Read the e-mails below and then write a response. Refer to the sales department's April Schedule on p. 157.
tr t 2 4H.
2 5 B ® a * | i :
1 [*°
(tf b
tf ê
(fi)i^^^
invitation
1 |±°<
stay o f o n e n i g h t
X
(counter f o r nights spent at a hotel or an inn)
(C")'5>C"7
Izu (peninsula s o u t h w e s t o f Tokyo) V'
160
t'
invite i
i
X
in f r o n t o f t h e s t a t i o n convenience
A y--
- - - - - - - - - ¬
I.
t^^i: :ktzt,\Z tt
t
X 6 Z ï / t
II.
i - ^ y h t :
l f z ^ \
2 i o
tji:,^fz
A < y i
M.fz
U^lS^^jlZ
ZY^^
-^J:K^(DX\
t-i'
at
% h l t :
t b V N i L/co t 7 L Z i ;
n
B^^m^m^-z^^'x: B-^%^\X(0
»hfiH
t]K
v>
IcA ut
Answer the following questions: 1) C<7) 2)
K i ] ^
Lie
3) & < 7 )
B-^U^mz ;fT$ i
i,xi:^|± >)-ft
n ' o f z ( D i ±
VNoTt'^^
I f z ^ o
^•~9TL/:'J\
L J: $
impression
7
opera
L
^ #
student
a d v e r t i s i n g flyer
i> 1 L c i ;
b e g i n n i n g level
w a y of
i-fz
apply
i n g (suffix)
humor
visit f o r e d u c a t i o n a l purposes, field t r i p
It A'S'<
*
(A^f:) <0 #
(-^ 0
a d d e d t o t h e - m a s u s t e m o f a verb means " h o w t o " or " w a y o f , " e.g.,
U{•A'-tz) ,
" h o w t o m a k e sushi,"
i)^L\: |^ (J:)
(ii-fz)
HL^-^
{'A^fz) ,
" w a y of teaching,"
ir
L
, " h o w t o read (a) kanji (character)," e t c .
161
KANJI PRACTIC
Vl
1^ 1^
both
i;
i
•)
t^
parent
^7/
L
^7
It a
first
it
y^ start
r L r> -;i L ^
go/come out put out
LVf
J:
^ ^ ^ ^
T
- 4' in advance
J: Tv>
fix
R
r
»
—>
n>
.i.ft
eye
7
tl-oi-z,
last part
i-u
1
)
r 7 '
TO
TO
u
VV \
think
TO
/'
' • >
TO
-I
It is lunchtime. Ms. Martin is looking at travel brochures.
H
' ' ' '
•7;iy
y :
i^M^
m i t
L J ; ? ^
m-oX^^h/iri-o
- . p . 168
T i c
l^7|v:
X^^->tzh.
VN^NL.
^ i f z L K
^ f ^ / i V N l
O
(T^'jitcto
Work has finished, and Mr Suzuki and Ms. Martin are at a cyber café, looking at the website of a traditional Japanese inn. z z \ t
-7)19
y
:
^"-7 T - r ^ \
^PM^^b
vN^NT-r^o - f l ^ T ^ - S ^ ^ ^ ^<
^
<
Yli-^-
^ x i t J l o Mv^TAÉi-Q «
- p . 170
Suzuki: Marie, are you going on a trip? Martin: Yes, I'm thinking of traveling with my parents. Suzuki: Where are you going? Martin: That's just it. There are so many places I want to go, I'm at a loss. Kyoto would be nice, but I also want to go to Kobe . . . Suzuki: If you'd like, I'll give you advice. Martin: Really? That would be a great help. . . . . . .
J
Suzuki: How about this place? You can see cherry blossoms from the rooms. Martin: Very nice. I'll ask if I can make reservations. 164
VOCABULARV
LJ; 7
~ L
~ L
^ 7
/cXic
1. W
(seep. 166)
fzir-Ó^i
be a help
be at a loss
"^5 ^
cherry blossom
and moreover...
MJ^
if you would like
~
i> ( R 2 )
T^""
7
be visible, can see if/whether (something is the case)
give asked-for advice
( ' j J; Z 7 )
n(^')
< /LT-r^o
In this case, Mr. Suzuki's intention is not to find out whether Ms. Martin is going on a trip. Instead, he is guessing that she is going somewhere based on the circumstances, and is using that guess as a way of starting a conversation. You use constructions like this one when you are interested in what someone else is doing and want to find out more. Starting a conversation with / ( y T t
demonstrates
your interest and lets you begin talking in a friendly manner (See also Unit 2, Lesson 4, p. 57.)
o
2.
This expression indicates that the following sentence is quite different from what would be expected. You use it when beginning a response. 3.
MHiJ:lY)t
( 3 7 ' < ) IC*)
VNVNL. # F
^f(^0^/cV^L
o
When you link related reasons, excuses, or thoughts, you connect them with L , implying "and besides which" or "and moreover.. ." Sometimes you can use both i
and L in the same sentence to imply
that you have too many choices and are confused about what to do. 4. J:7§^-,/c
(Di)t-rXo
^ 7 /cXiC
X'é^'otz h, "if
you'd like," "if it's all right with you," is a phrase you use at the beginning of an
invitation or a suggestion. It shows that you respect your listener's preference.
5.
fz-rr^jt-to Literally "you save.me,"
fz't'i^^)
i t
is an expression of gratitude. Use it when someone offers
you help that you would be glad to accept.
MJ {^)
X. •!) and M
)
ZX.i> translate literally as "to come'into sight" and "to reach one's
ear," respectively. They are different from the potential forms MJ («^) b ^ • S , "to be able to see," and H ( $ ) I t -5), "to be able to hear" MJ{^) the speaker's volition, while MJ («^)
^6
indicates that something is visible regardless of
indicates only ability or possibility. Note that the particle
you use with MJ { ^ ) ; i •2) and M ( $ ) C X. •€> to mark the object of the sentence is
not t.
I can see the ocean from my window.
I can hear someone singing. 165
1
G R A H M A R
fl
&
P A T T E R N
P R A C T I C E
Expressing Volition: "I A m Thinking a b o u t . . . " Verbs ending in 1 / X l
(plain form) or i
L J; 9 (polite form) are in the volitional form and trans-
late as "I'll. . . , " "we'll. . . , " or "let's . . ." This form can be combined with
Y. Wi {ioij)
-oX^^
i " t to mean "I'm thinking of doing" or "I'm planning to do." v^-^LilC
mx\Z
nZiY
Wi-oX^'i-fo
I am thinking of going on a trip with them. To produce the volitional form of a Regular II verb, simply drop
from the dictionary form and add
ct 9. As for Regular I verbs, see the table below and keep in mind the correlation with the a-i-u-e-o vowel order -nai form
-masu form
dictionary form conditional form # 9
* iiXr^j:\' lt^^^^^
• <
• I t If
iiXi'i-t
fcJ: <••
*^J:itlf
i t L i t
Regular 1 L i c i t
feJ;r'9
± o
txil
i ^ 9
Ltó
L^falf
L<759
Xiti
n
ft
m
Regular II
k
t:
1
*,lt^lf
M1X
1
M.mx
ff
n.x 1
A
i-f
'j H l f
A
fe ' U 9 f
<
Irregular L i t NOTE:
166
Potential verbs do not have volitional forms.
i
n ^ i k
*i'j
C9
lt^9
J:-^lf
k
*
it-i+lf
xtf-ï-t
t
•
i t t
Jrli^HN
% 'J
^fe9
*
$ i t
•
volitional form
J:9
<
LJ; 9
n Change the verbs to their volitional fornns.
m)
#7
-s 12)
if
2)
itzi
3)
13)
#:t;
14)
^iJ ft
4) ^T< 5)
15)
<
16)
6) l±/cb <
17)
C
fe^^
7)
feJ:
18)
n6
8)
VN^<-
19)
^ê^b-S lie
9 ) (i^^^t
20)
^6 <
10) 11)
21) Ltö
3 Construct sentences as in the example.
m) mriz
nii-to Hi
1) t i r l j I C e
2)
(Dli')ti-o
il,
e r / ^
'i^vNito
3) i ^ H ^ ' y / ^
^ê<^ito lie
4)
IC
fe<
Ij i t o
9 ^IC
ijf'j i t o
114
5) l ± ^ < 6) * ^
It-. C A L i t o
hurry give
I.D Giving a Fieason (2) The -fe form can indicate a reason for or cause of what the main sentence expresses. Used in this way, it is usually followed by an explanation of the speaker's feelings or circumstances and is virtuajly interchangeable with
YZh-h^
^
i
J;-^Tv^^^Tto
There are so many places I want to go, I'm at a loss.
This room is quiet and I'm pleased with it.
M it-L
li/,
,t
I don't have time, so I can't read the book. If the main sentence expresses a result you have control over, you cannot use the -te form. Instead you have to use '^'' h ox (T) X". Compare the following sentences.
ii^r
^ x < T . SfrLvN
( i , t r
M^Ï^Lo
I have no money, so I can't buy a new car
fe#^<
ii:^^
<6Èt
M^'i^Lo
I have no money, so I won't buy a new car. A noun followed by the particle T can also express a reason or cause.
The road is crowded because of an accident.
I was absent from work due to Illness.
accident
i Complete the sentences as in the example.
1) ceo
è^/•£v^(±
2) i
t;-f^xvNTto
hèöTlfzo
—>
3)
1
^ ^ V N T - f o
4) L L A W
M^iL/co ... L ^ l ± ^ ^ ! c
5) ^tzi^iz
^ / i j i L/-CO
é^i^LTLtz.
tt
t,
...
'j i L/co
I Complete the sentences as in the example.
m)
ito -» ;flo^<
1) 9/-c^
i±^<
'itu i-fo
j^^(OT\ ( i ^ <
ltzl(D-ö^
'Jf'jitc
t^Ttc ... J; <
2)
7)7t^lC
^f^itc
*ovNTto ... t < ^ i - t i : A ^ ^ i
3) r7h°-<7)
h\iX
OTj^vN^^rJ^' Jb^^^'j i-tir^o i)V=
iiLifzi'''
question
\ZL/u
9 4 ^5 o
noisy, irritating, a n n o y i n g
Z'ti
C X
voice
S C ; t -ÏI (R2)
be able t o hear (lit., "reach one's e a r " )
earthquake i>
have a hard t i m e , b e t r o u b l e d
169
(OI
Forming Indirect Questions
•
"I don't know when I will go," "Please tell me whether you will go." Sentences like these, which contain indirect questions, are formed in Japanese as follows: (1) For yes/no questions, you change the form of the verb or adjective before ^ to its plain form and replace with TJ'^ Yl' i -i)-^ (often omitting )f 1 in everyday speech).
X
f<
I don't know whether I can make a reservation. ^\^r
Y:I:Ö-
i-ti:^o
I don't know whether it is expensive. However, if the word before /^'^ is a -na adjective in the present-affirmative tense or a noun + T t , you leave out 7c from the plain form.
I don't know whether it is useful.
1 don't know whether he is a student. (2) In the case of wh-questions, the procedure is the same as (1) above but you leave out Y' j
Y:Z\Z
n<-^^
iiL^X
Please tell me where you are going.
an
Please tell me about how big it is.
Please tell me what you like.
Y:L^£
<6t-f}^
m ^ x < m \ \
Please tell me what kind of car it is. If it is necessary to specify the subject in an indirect question, use ^ 1
^Al±
m-^^LM
Y'ziz
\^6i]-
L'Ji-tirAo
I don't know where Mr. Tanaka is.
I.'
!
Construct sentences as in the examples.
~T^< g2)
VNO ^ u i t ^ \
1)
2)
:
Li P X
1 T!)^ * ' J i t ^ \ » - f t i ;
fflt^5^l±
4) ^ji^/Llz
5) *>L;^c
Yt-ofz
Wic
6)Y:Z\Z
8) VNO
ZY^
i^t^Y
*'ji-f^\
* b ^ i t ^ ^
x^titz-'}\
D K i Y
|c <
hr^)t^Lo
MvNT<^i-fo
im.X
b-r^tttzo
Y'ihh^
u-ozit-rr.
^;l.X'^Alc
i r i r i r r .
it;
xh:^iHz
m^^r
$*bTv^i-^f^o
meat
171
WORD
POWER
Feelings:
® 7 a i T j ^ o / c T - t ® < ^ LT^^-^/iTt
PHRASE
® ^^^xLrJ^oT^cTi-
®i^>f6iilfc
POWER
Events:
®
Llt^lC
®
Llt^lC
fail an exam
® L^VNIC
win a match
® LibvNic
lose a match
® rJMiX^
leave one's bag somewhere
®
lose one's wallet
® TX^IfXr"7 ^
dial the wrong phone number
®
oversleep
r"7'§^<-t'S
®^lftlc
pass an exam
fe
be late for a meeting the air conditioner breaks down
•9
L \ ^ happy, g l a d
<
L V
H'e^l^
<
N
regrettable be surprised
7)^^' L V V sad
ii' o
U
[l-fi'C' 9
be d i s a p p o i n t e d L v ^
<
C' 9 7}^ <
•&
(il)
fail
75^0
win
pass
Élt-5(R2)
lose
passing an exam
t%i'^Xi> (R2) mistake
embarrassing
Uiïl-fi iilïl Ü
oversleep g e t t i n g u p late
(R2) be late
Z b i l h (R2) break
SPEAKING
PRACTICE
Mr. Mills and Ms. Martin are talking about their experiences since coming to Japan. Listen to what they say, and then talk about your own experience.
important ice tiockey b e surprised speech
173
READING & SPEAKING PRACTICE ^ -
-
•
- -
-
-
Read the vacation brochures for Shiretoko, Kanazawa, and Okinawa, and summarize their content. How do you get to these places, and how long do the journeys take? How much do the tours cost? And what can you do at these popular destinations?
3 5, 8 0 OR mm^h
{mm-^^h 1 0 0^^) lift fi
Uv-, ."-L
"(ili)'i I ' l l / - l i - T j H ^ L - t f X o ^ A world natural heritage site the world L-tfX
nature heritage site Shiretoko (peninsula in H o k k a i d o ) rental car
<
174
Kushiro (city in H o k k a i d o ) Haneda (location o f an a i r p o r t In Tokyo)
•^•tfi N ii'-j ^•^f^^
wild animals the wild
ÜL'ih
3 2 5. 2 0 0 - 6
5, 4 O OR
Sit
t f - f - • 1; y 3-4^-'5HFB^ 3 8 , 0 m m ^
=>=>=^
6 : 4 5 1 0 : 3 0
h in O K I N A W A ! !
OORM
#
9 : 0 0 1 3 : 0 0
K a n a z a w a (city in lshi!
Ti-li
Naha (city in O k i n a w a )
enjoy garden
sightseeing w i t h i n t h e city
tradition
w i t h i n t h e city
gourmet f - f -by
h
• UV ' - h
arriving a t . . .
.
sightseeing
beach resort pacl
day t r i p
\/V9ti-
• y'y
y
rental car o p t i o n a n d so o n (particle)
175
I. Travel:
® 'j J: 9 ^ ® A A. ®
"fY'i,
fe9>^<.
^Vc<^^
® .rx^^ ®
N L J;
/ PARTICLE R E V I E W \ Take special note of the particles in these senetences:
1 oaf IC mm\E
§èir6o
1 1
J::
Sp^E
« I C
9
i depart Haneda at ten o'clock.
<1-^o
I arrive in Naha at 11:30. I check out prices of inns. I stay at a hotel.
^ - ^-[Fg H:^<7)
'j Jt 9 US] L[ÏC]
^b>r^o
ixi^r
I select food from a menu. I have an interest in Japanese history
IC IÏA
I see sights. I participate in a one-day tour
75^/cA*,
Z')-t,'<'
fare
south
roundtrip
west
arrival
adult
east
choose
one-way place o f interest north
L^-plfo-r-?-
depart departure
arrive
have an interest
S Jt 9 A
interest
^ ^
Consulting a colleague about where to go for vacation:
Vt
hij 5/bX :
^ JlX:
M.i^K6l.
t
')iZn
feT
<\:htl'
v>
J: T l '
u
i^L^Llzi izh^
feJ:wTVN^<73^<
„ ^ ^ / ' J .
HfX<0
^ ; t ; c ^
+T
-fri"
(Ï
t o T V N i L T c o
;i-:>. ^ ^ ^ ^ 7 T t ^ \
Mills: I plan to go on a trip for summer vacation, but I'm at a loss as to where to go. Nakamura: How about Kanazawa? It is a city with history. (There) you can see famous gardens, and moreover you can bathe in the hot springs. I prefer to spend my time amidst nature, rather than (spending it) seeing temples and gardens and other such things. Nakamura: If that's the case, Shiretoko in Hokkaido would be good. Ever since it became a world Mills:
Mills:
heritage site, it has been popular. A friend went there last year. She said she could see whales from the boat (her tour took her on). Oh, really?
w o r l d heritage site boat
< Lh
whale
KANJI
PRACTIC mt
f / • 1
trip
/•..
an
many
4^
'J
»il .
few little
"5^
r
house, shop roof
1^ contract/promise aproxhnately
•
J: <•<
4
m
1
r
.
m< 1. E 1
>|
r r r m
listen
itLvN *ftfc
n
f i t new
•
/'
.1.4
—p
old
7 ^
depart
#<
reach wear
> >-
Ms. Martin lias phoned the inn where she plans to stay, the Miyako Inn.
'I fi-L
vt
') i li-iC
•7jiyy - . f ^ i
fe^^nN
LTc^^AT-f/^^"o
J: ^<
ttsT^^'S.
- A 1
ir
mn
1 8 , 0 0 0^(7)
}ó
fei^
< t^^w
5 mn(OA
: IXi T
XF"
i/•£
r f f i * T $
^
i t o
^^fztz\-ftir^\
mM#-f-|i
0 9
V Mj i - t , ^ ^
r ^ 9
0 - 1 2 3 4
6XXTto fe
t;^^x. IC
i:
i
« i
^=
- p . 182
^ ^ < (i
'
- p . 184
^ i t t < 7 5 A : L J; 9 Tt, L i 180
UK^
z : t i / i h < ^ a
y r t o
^j3M(i
L/co ^ ^ T l i
fei^LTfe'jit<
'fpjef
i li:
innkeeper: This is the iVliyako Inn. Martin:
I'd like to make a reservation,
innkeeper: Thank you very much. Martin:
April first and second for three people, and are the rooms at ¥18,000 per person, per night, showen on your website still available?
innkeeper: Just a moment, please. Yes, we can have one ready for you. Martin:
Will you do me the favor, then (of booking me a room)?
innkeeper: Could I have your name and contact information? Martin:
Marie Martin. My telephone number is 090-1234-56XX.
innkeeper: We'll come and pick you up at the station. About what time might you be arriving? Martin:
I think it will be around six o'clock, but we may be a little late. I'll call you when we arrive at the station.
Innkeeper: Understood. We'll be waiting for you.
M i y a k o Inn (fictitious inn)
tt! 6
(R2)
feij^^^X-l-
i V N ' J i t
go to meet (humble f o r m )
( c o u n t e r f o r people)
go, c o m e ( h u m b l e f o r m )
website
may, m i g h t
appear
w h e n , if
o p e n u p , b e c o m e vacant
I u n d e r s t a n d (polite f o r m )
(polite prefix)
well then
prepare, g e t ( s o m e t h i n g ) ready
I w i l l be w a i t i n g ( h u m b l e f o r m )
T'
tiiiyh
i i i
contact information
be, exist ( h u m b l e f o r m )
fe'jit
_
1. R/O/CAA/CHARGES One night per person with supper and breakfast inclulded (v ^ o l±° <( |C L J: O is the most conspicuous formula for
ryokan
charges. It is not common in Western-style hotels, which are more apt
to quote room charge only or room charge plus, optionally, breakfast. It is better to confirm whether tax is included (-Ifv
3 J^) or whether a service charge is included (-^ —\l 7.
X 1 Z ^ ) in the
room rate. These days reservations at some ryokan can be made online. 2. POLITE LANGUAGE People in the service industry often use the following polite expressions. (1) fe i
^) < /c ^ »• \ meaning "please wait" but more formal than
t -z> X ( tz^^^;
(2) ZH-AJ ^ i i and C' ^ 7 ^ ^ <(, where C before the noun has the same function as fe' in fe-^ê I t ('^" i X.) —i.e., to show respect toward the person spoken to or the persons or things connected with him or her; (3) L X 1 ió L È L fz, "\ understand and agree to do it." 181
R
I J
bxpressing Uncertainty tl^i) L i -tf means "may" or "might," literally, "I cannot tell if it is true." You use it when you cannot say something for certain, though you know the possibility definitely exists.
I might be a little bit late.
Plain forms come before L ^ i 4f X^. However, like with Indirect questions (Lesson 11, p. 170), if the word is a -na adjective in the present-affirmative tense or a noun 4- X"t, you leave out tz from the plain form.
Kt
<
A friend may come to my house. h
M t
fet
L^VN^J^^j L ^ i - t f / C o
That book may be interesting.
Mr. Tanaka may be good at skiing.
hLtzit It might rain tomorrow.
hM^tl^i^Lo
Construct sentences as in the example.
m)
hlfzU
1) t/x
h^tj'
ito
^XU i t o
7
—>
2)
Hfp^^<
3)
i-tirAo
tv^TV^ito
A) h
5)
mAi^<0
^ ^ v - J : ' j
6)
V ^ ^ , 7 ^ ^ ^ T t c
:t,7j^To<7?
i i ^ V N T t o
T ^ ^ ^ X < 7 ) T \ t±ihr
7) 4^B(±
(:/i^x<7)T\ i ± ^ <
^;lito
9^1=
Si?
8)
^f^)
'Jf^itc ii-A
7
9) ( f X ^ l c
i: Jt
7^^~
-tfivN<75T\
^xo/c<75T\ -y-y7)-(;)
<'Si^^-
L*,vN|c
YiöhKÈ^/Lo
difptLito T
10) ^ i ' J
J; 7 L ^ / 7 j ^ o ^ c < 0 T \
Llt^lC
fe*,ito
fall (of rain, snow) parking space/spot narrow 183
Talking about Future Events Coming into Being The -ta form of a verb followed by h (hereafter ~ fz t>) essentially means "upon completion of an action/event." In present-tense sentences, a clause with ~ /c b expresses a condition that triggers an action described in the main sentence. The condition may range in likelihood of occurrence from likely to highly unlikely. In this lesson you will learn how to use ~ 7c b in the sense of "when" to speak about an occurrence that is likely to take place. (You will learn another usage of — 7c in Unit 5.) ^
9Bf50^T-ro
t'-ofz^.
1 OHfic
LltA^
iè^i-fo
It is now 9:50. When it is 10:00, we will begin the exam. Here you can see that the meaning of ~ 7c b is that when a certain circumstance (described by the ~ 7c l^j clause) holds true, then some action/event will occur A : VNO
tB^Mti I X l f ) \
B:<^C1±X^ Vi
A: B:
•
^
\iir\-ftlxio
f:
T
When shall we go out? When we finish lunch, let's go out.
May I go home when this work is finished? Earlier you learned ^fz ^fzh
Y i
(Unit 3, Lesson 8, p. 119). The difference between ~ 7 c
is that ^ f z ^ is used to state a necessary condition for what follows, while ^fz
^ $ and ^ $ is
used only to specify a point in time. ^
•
ts:^ '
*
S
é-yfz
K i
l±^/ L i
L J: 7 o
I don't have time now, so let's talk when we meet next week. In this sentence ~ 7c Y. i is more appropriate. If the speaker had used ~ 7c t instead, he would have been saying, "I don't have time now, so let's talk if we meet next week," implying, "If we don't meet next week, we cannot talk." Such a nuance is unnecessary, so he uses ~ 7c Y i . The reason you often use ^ f z ^ instead of ~ 7 c fz ^ (first example above) is that ^fz than the condition.
Y. i
^ $ in expressions like 1 0B# ( C) I- f i -o
implies "at the moment," focusing on the time rather
Complete the sentences as in the example.
1)
tt*^^'
If-'b^
-
^ l i L o i c
2)
* T
<
tziw
^ ^-~.< L tp-tlrT < / c ^ v N „
3)
7 1--?. SIC- n6
4)
t;^Ti-o
5;bX'^A^^7 ^^^-If^
iè^i
L J; 7 o
liU
5)
Uf^AW
T^^
^
J;f/|c
6 ) .tx^Hc
* T
<
T ^ ^ V N ,
#< < Li-fo
ts
^l±^^ 8) L t * < ti^^r
^
t±; f-i/e^
9) 7 ^ I C
^ f $ i L J: 7o
vHN-r-fJ;o
iJt^ mièLT <
/ ^ ^ V N „
T A i7
.10)
j;1^±;
^
:
fe^-ti:^lc
x u i L j; 7o 111'
dinner fiomework be f i n i s h e d
) PRACTICE 1 WORD POWER I. Cooking:
1
i
1
@fei1)^
®^i\^^
® L J: 7 P$
(0) ^ ^ 7
L i
NOTE:
7
® ? > 7 l ^ <
i t)-t£
®^UIC<
Japanese, like English, has intransitive and transitive verb pairs. Intransitive verbs do not take a direct object, whereas transitive ones do. fe
yp-Ó^
h
{
fe't^^ h-fj-^-f boil the water
(INTRANSITIVE)
the water boils
(TRANSITIVE)
a^cp
hot water
\^xi>{K2.)
c o o k (in liquid) (intr.)
Lii
h
boil (intr.)
I c ^ i (R2)
c o o k (In liquid) (trans.)
L I
boil (trans.)
v ' / c * i . ? ) (R2) stir-fry
^lt'?.(R2)
roast ( i n t r )
^ \ i h {Kl)
deep-fry
^
roast (trans.)
i
cut, chop
<
M^-t
186
@-f
<
h
-f
salt 7
soy sauce vinegar
-^^Ci-i^
C L j; 7
(black) pepper S'lj) 7 |c < beef U I- <
oil, fat '{
oil
•i;7clc<
chicken (meat) pork
i.
>EAKING PRACTICE
Helping out at a barbecue party:
ttz
l± ^ V N
^, L a i - t i : ^ o {checking the other side) ^ o ,
tic
Kato:
Is it done yet?
Green:
It's probably too early (to take it off the grill), (checking the other side) Not yet. I'll call you when it's done, so please help yourself to the been Is there something I might help you with?
IVlartin: Green:
Well, sorry to trouble you, but when the water boils, put it in the thermos jug. Then cut up those vegetables.
Green:
The meat is done.
Green's wife: Please, everyone, help yourself to lots of food. Martin: Kato: Martin:
What a wonderful smell. What are we supposed to put on it/dip it in? I'll take salt and peppen What about you, Marie? I'll take soy sauce.
(fe)T-:3/cVv fcT't'TcV^-f^ ^'-yh 46 L i i ï S ^ ' o T < i^Lchi^i
o
help
icfeo
smell
help ( h u m b l e f o r m )
o | - f 4 (R2)
p u t (sauce etc.) o n , d i p ( f o o d ) in
thermos jug
( f e ) L Jt r i ^
soy sauce
please eat ( h o n o r i f i c f o r m ) eat ( h o n o r i f i c f o r m )
t
LISTENING PRACTICE'
I
Listen to the tour guide's tall<:
J; Tv>
ito Hi;
!;7ft'i>
i;
I'
iiift'o
t/'i:/OTJ^AIC
-oi'lz
# $ i t o
i;
c
3 0 f <"h^'
feo^^if
*''2B|t$'"l^
i^fJ^Wl-
ItIC Tij
i; * > A l i A
uxhyyr
t^^ic
HJ-^/^^ACT?
^
K 9 'ii^n'ito
^/bt.
i
1B#FB14^<%VN
V-
f/"
*
^-ft ^
J::'j i t o
^
-ft CT;)
^iT
* Ij i t o 3^Z'6
mtlz
fe^P/li^ r'*,At-vNLito 7 H f i T É t - L
#VN/C
#<
- f ^ T t o IK
i:i^9BfMTt<7)T\
^^-ftii
O
v^^^i^Tto
I'*
Let me explain today's schedule. To begin with, we will go to Todaiji. Once we arrive at Todaiji, we will take a group picture. After that, feel free to take your time to look at the temple and the large statue of Buddha. Next, we will go to an art museum. Having seen works of art for about an hour and a half, we will have lunch in the restaurant inside the museum. After lunch there will be about thirty minutes to buy souvenirs. Just after two o'clock we will head to the Asuka Inn. We are scheduled to arrive at the inn around three o'clock. Once we arrive at the inn, we will show you to your rooms. You will have free time until seven o'clock, so feel free to relax. From four o'clock you can take baths. Dinner is from seven. Please gather in the dining room on the first floor by seven. Well then, we will board the bus now, so please line up single file.
V^/;
L i t
IIUWIC
H 7 ti\
^ i:
i t '
do ( h u m b l e f o r m )
head t o
to begin w i t h
free, unrestricted < /-c^vN
fetC'L
f i r s t o f all
1 * 7 L J: <
dinner
after that
L Jt < Ü-7
d i n i n g r o o m , cafeteria
please l o o k (honorific f o r m )
fe-*>-:>i
U i
i < UL
w o r k of art
^ tj> 7 L J: <
lunch
it^J^'J
Asuka Inn (fictitious inn)
/-c'^o
please g a t h e r (polite f o r m ) gather, c o n g r e g a t e
next
XA^L
please s p e n d t i m e (polite f o r m )
Todaiji ( f a m o u s t e m p l e )
v^^a-Jlc
o n e line please line up (polite f o r m )
SPEAKING
PRACTICE
Confirming the details of the day's schedule as described by one's tour guide:
:
^ ^ 7 J ^ L ^
participant: tour guide: participant: tour guide:
ft^[±
xiy<6LTi-t)\
I didn't quite hear; where are we going to eat lunch? At the restaurant inside the art museum, Can we choose our meals? Yes, you can choose a meal you like.
Now explain the schedule in your own words:
9 : 0 0
L D> - 3 If-P
9 : 3 0
fe#^
Aiht f;\
T
1 0 : 3 0 1 1 : 0 0
A
U to-^-h-'h%f < ( 1 Bff^^) 4
A
t •)~/Cll/,
^ -fe ^-O? L i <
1 3 : 3 0 1 4 : 1 0 1 5 : 0 0
1 9 : 0 0
*? L i <
participant
189
SPEAKING
^ ^
PRACTICE
I. On the train when one's eel! phone rings:
mf-
m
i
fe'j/-cb
o
femi^Litc TA
h
Suzuki: Hello . . , Yamashita: Oh, Mn Suzuki? I'm sorry, but I'm on a train now. I'll phone when I get off.
C
II- In a meeting when one's cell phone rings:
+-f ê
VSlt:
•4^
4 A iT
^m'¥fi:
XL h
^h-^fch.
o
ziih^h
fe€lè
Suzuki: Hello . . . Yamashita: Oh, is it you, Mn Suzuki? I'm sorry you've had to call so many times. I am in the middle of a meeting right now, so . . , when the meeting is over, I'll call you.
III. Leaving a message on someone's answering machine:
#;f:
ili>l
ï t l i X m i ^ : TA
o
/c/c'v^i
h
mMic
iii^^Ki-tfAo
XL h
r
i ± o LAfeX<7)
^iT\
/-y
*>t
Suzuki: Hello . . . answering machine: I cannot come to the phone now. Record your message after the tone.
Suzuki:
Yes, this is Suzuki. Call me on my cell phone when you come home this evening. I'll be waiting.
' ^ i L t z
Yamashita
(surname)
[i-oL
L i i L
beep
(on an answering machine)
many times
/-y-^—'y
message
ii-f[f L X ' L h
answering machine
^ i H L - ^ i
record
fz fz^ ^i
r i g h t n o w (poHte f o r m )
è
( X ' L h K )
Ti{R2)
a n s w e r (the p h o n e )
^ i H L
recording
A
tx.
i-tfXo
t / x i ^ l z
fj:6ff^t
LKi^A.0
9^lc
9 i-5 L/C
^(f9^^~
X - l . ^ ^ ^ ; LtLi-ti-Ao c ^ ( ± X
1:LX^^^
^I)/^^^.
L/Ki-ttAo
VOCABULARY
L X.yH°V -
L ct 9
^^ L C IC
worrywart gloomy
^ 9
^ 9 ^ 9 ^5 /-/
•?>
get into an accident go under, go bankrupt bankruptcy
fe ^; V
serious
^"-Slï"?
thief, robber
191
,f|i
A
<
,j,
c ^^
0 , 1 : SA
i: i A
-tt ïi'i^ L -ttX
,i. u i A
*i«
\xtUZV'il
IC IJA
i-LtXiiUi^'
* The s t e m o f an adjective f o l l o w e d by i ^
( ^ t )
^
*(7c«)L$ i 192
C*!)^?
-^^
*
4A
7Ai:'7
cheapness fun serious-mindedness
9-5<
L iA
i:
4 ü'
L±7tJt7
expresses a c o n d i t i o n , nature, or extent. For e x a m p l e :
-'^
tiA
'Pi
tiLtï
C SA
?-'<
'iXi<
VOCABUURY Xn] O
height
3t<
lt? f<
approximately
tz L-^Hz
*u
(-masu s t e m o f ^ •!>, used in place o f t h e -fe f o r m in w r i t i n g )
UNESCO
iy-X'y
season
called . . .
mountain climbing
movement
challenge
however
Edo p e r i o d ( 1 6 0 3 - 1 8 6 7 )
be realized
age, period
t h e reason w h y is because.. .
IC
far a w a y
Ti-
m\
material, subject m a t t e r many (of people)
«« •7
— T
certainly
IC
z:^
regrettably trash
mania
people V-Zlft
beautiful
•7 0< - > +
y
9
y
x
chance at a p e r f e c t p h o t o m o r n i n g sun
how
m # X i1Xt»<
m
take back
-2) (R2)
think about
cover ( w i t h )
environment T i X S i •)
change '^X,
Ti-
WM
problem
/ S T Y L E NOTE \ Up to this point you have seen plain forms used in a variety of sentence structures where they have acted as modifiers. Used in this way, plain forms have no effect on sentence tense or polite¬ , ness level. Another usage of plain forms is in the sentence-final position. In both spoken and written Japanese, plain forms appear frequently at the ends of sentences, where they indicate tense and, in the case of spoken Japanese, add an air of casualness.to what is said. The sentences in the reading task at left, you might have noticed, all end in the plain style. This is typical of written Japanese, which with the exception of letters and essays usually requires plain forms.
KANJI PRA mt
i
public buUding
it
1 r If If If 1
f
i
1 'i :
^ 7 fl
)0t y
y
stay overnight
r
>
yen
tn
mind meaning
194
v>
11
y p
^5f^
li
electricity
1. •
lit
speak teU
P
PU
Ü
pi
p ^
p n
P
—>
v>iSliX
5 ^
^ #
number
t T
#-fIfAC'-i
u
r7i
P?
nimiber
IR IRI
station
IRIg it-itx.
r 1 if 1 f
IT'
s
IX
-;:y.;.i.i:, :|,(.)
f W ,' Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) f r : i r 3) )^z\z
-b-^-^
A) typLXf 5)
h^hx\^6(n
{
(
iV^^z )
) )
|.;tito hiriitlfz.
T^/ct.
/cTè<75 (
)
XLTitz^^^o
iXl^t}^
^ijito
( l|| '• Choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used "
twice in the same dialogue.
2. i/H" 2) A.: S> L/c(7)
3. T l ±
^Iftlc
ttib^i-f'J^
B:(
) Li*V:t,j;9T
A : (
)
1.
(±
^HTJ^I;,"'
3) A : t t t O j l c A : (
4. i - f
Hi btL^j-nNATto
^if-^Tlc
LiLj:9o
2.^H^j.^b (;)(fo/c
)
3.
IJi^^"
4. TcL/^Mc *)'ji-t^\
L iic
^.^M-h^^''2.^^X-\t
'ijitliio 3. i f
4. i / c
l ^ P ' Change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense.
1) - 7 ; ^ ^ y ^ ^ ( ±
BM^-b'
(
) ^\
ic liA r
2)
/:^LJ;9BlC
3)
(
4) ^ L / c I l ( 5) 1 OHfIC ( U
196
lit
7:7-F^(
). J^i^Hi-tf-Ao ) )
(l§Lit) ) ^
o T o i - f c (fe < 'J i t )
(7^^vNTt)
L>}ti-tf^o (^JóT-t) ^ l i ^ iê*^ito (tt'Ui-t) -iH^ S'
liC
•ij^'i
Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given. fi tx
2)
3)
A:
Z
-{ti.
I.^VNT
2.
3(7)
(
)
thT
A :
2.
fiOj/*^-
B : hh^"
(
2.
(
)
A . i l l Z ^ t - f
) J:o
S.Mj^ti-
A
A - . m x r i r r .
3. XX.
K T
3.l±i^;ti-f
; t b < i t
^ t ^ i t
A
B : (
-
ik^'T-tUo
L ^ i t
5)
4.-r^oT
l V ^ / : V ^ ^ T - t ^ ^
O - h ^
1,.^^JC*bit
4)
S.-^^^-^T
4.^-tfi-r
A
Xr-ofzi:,
A
T7/HXIC
(TJIji-fcto
)o
X-ofiK^t-f
A.tzi--f]^^}ti-
SQ}] Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji. t^^)l
1)
( vij-^5A<0
2)
) (
)
« l c ) (
x-itzh. (
)
z:^m\t (
3)
Lfz.
TOLi
) (
)
)
>0i'JiL/:o
« | c (
) (
)
f^r-r.
tbrjMt'S (
?.^*t,T
(
)
197
At no time are verbal skills more crucial than when you face some sort of trouble. This unit provides practice in telling someone what is wrong and asking for help, as well as in explaining how to deal with a problem when you are asked for help by others. Taken up are ways of giving instructions on how to use equipment, showing someone how to reach a certain destination, and other expressions necessary to getting around in everyday life.
Mr. Suzuki walks by while Mr Mills and Ms. Martin are looking at a computer screen.
•f-f
S
'j.ic
4lc
{turning toward iVIr. IVlills)
T t
Uo
- p . 202
7
-.p. 204
•
!^
T
*
iL/-cJ;o
= ;bX':
-tHIi
vNVN^/^o
( f < |±
i/•£
.^<-$
^ < f z fz
Martin: Fantastic! Suzuki: What? What? Martin: We were just looking at the sales trends of our new product. It's fantastic, isn't it? Mills: It sure is. This month's sales are twice last month's. f Suzuki: Is that right? Sales have grown dramatically, haven't they? Mills: I heard that if one million cases are sold, a special bonus will be issued. 200
z)^^<
n Suzuki: Really? If a special bonus is issued, let's all go out for some sort of delicious meal. Mills:
That would be great. I haven't yet had the experience of eating fugu, you know.
Martin: I'd like to go to a ryotei.
VOCABULARY fantastic, w o n d e r f u l
%it6
(R2)
sell, be sold special
us, o u r connpany
t<'<-z> bonus
sales trends
ft!
sales a m o u n t
6
(R2)
be issued
T times, double
blowfish
U J:
extend, g r o w
7 Tv^
an elegant a n d expensive t r a d i t i o n a l Japanese r e s t a u r a n t 1 w i s h . . . (sentence-final particle)
case
1. - r r ' v ^ ! You use this word to express surprise at something that is exceptional in some way. Repeating t V \ as in ir Z\ ^ I -f C'~v ^ ( T t ^
1 ) intensifies the emotion. Using t
makes the adjective more intense, so that
Z (
^ tJ^^ and t
C
•( before an adjective
^" ^ ^ fe\. are similar to "ter-
ribly cold" and "awfully far" in English.
2. ^ ( ^ M c ) ,
?
Mr. Suzuki could have said
( t t M c ) only once, but by saying it twice he indicates that he is really
interested in finding out what Ms. Martin is referring to.
3.
7 ^
7 ió literally means "inside," and groups—employees of the same company, students of the same university, or members of the same household, for example—use it to refer to themselves or things belonging to them as opposed to outsiders. Thus, a businessperson might speak ( v ^ ^ ^ J; 7 ) , "our department manager," while a student might mention 7 ió<^
of 1 ii
"our university." If someone says 7 ^<7) V ^tó, he or she means "our dog."
Use this pattern when you are eagerly inviting a friend or close colleague to do something with you. But be careful, because it is considered rude to use it toward someone who ranks above you, such as a supervisor or teacher
5. MIXING THE DESU/MASU AHD PLAIN STYLES The second half of this dialogue contains a mixture of the desu/masu and plain styles. This kind of mixture is common in everyday speech, especially in a situation like this, where the speakers are of approximately equal social rank. (For more on mixing of speech styles, see p. 206.)
6. V s ^ N ^ / ^ / ^ f ( v O
'5T^/cV^^X*o
When talking to yourself or expressing a wish or a vague question in a casual setting, you can add
^ 201
to the end of the sentence to say "I wish" or "I wonder," as in (h fz L) ij 0 -oX <^ fz V ^^X^>, "I wish I could go, too," or fz^ ^ ll- X 1 S^fl^fch, "I wonder if it is all right." In form ^ is an utterance to oneself, but you can use it to make your feelings known to those around you in a roundabout way.
7. (i'
tt; ^(fz)
11^' Describing a Change in State (2) Earlier you leamed ~ T $ i "t" (Unit 2, Lesson 6, p. 85). This pattern is also used, in a completely different sense, to express a process of change. You use ~ T $ i t when you have become aware of a change in some state and want to make a note of it, (1) To indicate that something has changed over time:
Ax^t/'
:^^XXitlfzo
The population has increased.
An7j<
^-oXitLfzo
The population has decreased. (2) To indicate that something has begun to change:
mtj'
r^^-oXitifzo
It has begun to rain.
^t;<
f^'-oXitifzo
It has gotten cold.
l^/LZ
^
population
4'
I Construct sentences as in the example.
m) A n .
^6
-CTJzi 1)
v>v3
2) M
^-5>
3) 'j tJ) 9
4) f
-tfvN,
^'^W
5) 7 ) n ^ 7 J n ^ ^ # ^
I Complete the conversations as in the example. #ij ) Zt]
1) t •(
(NOTE:
This conversation takes place in a train.)
(NOTE:
This conversation takes place in a train.)
-* A :
B : XX.
2) S^J^-
<
wï
^^ti'
tx.
4<<-tfv>
xi
h
A : B : l ï A ^ 7 Tt^ao 3)
i^^jtifzti^hn.
.^^^TLJ;7'^\
l±^^ A :
B :
U * 9
<-tt^ *
i^-f
Xt!'-ofzT-tno
foreign student number, quantity
^•t
sky
l i ^ - i . (R2)
dear up
203
00
Making Hypothetical Statements You can use ~ /c
Tc b to make if-statements as well as when-statements. The if-clause formed with
is used to assume a condition that is uncertain or unlikely to occur, and you use it to make
comments or ask questions concerning what you or the other party would do, or would like to do, if some event were to occur
T
IJ i : •)
V>
If a big bonus was issued, I'd want to go abroad.
You use é L, "if," at the beginning of a ^ 7c b clause when you want to make it clear that what you are about to say is a supposition.
3 . - 7 * -
ft
If I saw a UFO, I'd take a picture of it.
I Complete the sentences as in the example.
m) W^t}< iv. V V-t 1) tz^h
1 ^
^.^
*iA
< CIC
hfz6
2)
3) r^
^
It
tt^ < -f
^
•
^9
. 5)
7JXi:;^<
it-r^o
^?±ic
l^aó^L-v J;
t l
if
•'
passport
fz/i^^
lottery
;^ h
(labor)strike
win
K.l-
fly
f \ i t l l l - b \
I Complete the sentences as In the example.
1) « T J ^ -
3)
*.L/c?^^^
4)
^-f
(4-)
itz
h^T
mt^Litc
\ Read the following conversation aloud and practice it thoroughly.
^(D
A:hLtz
£Ai/co/b
•k
>z'z\z
Vt
^(7)
A : X x . r t
^tJ^'-b-tl^i^L^.
iiJ-b^-otzh.!
:é:<7)
A : Fü/co/ct.
^
A : Fi/c'o/ci;,.
^-b^ M.X6
^~~7
L i L J:
9 — y—
air c o n d i t i o n i n g u n i t
^ i}i 9 L
cancellation, being called o f f
•S •r — h
nmxi-ö\ 1.
«A4
^
lt^L-ö\
7^-h ^
UXhyyr
-tf^
Li
Li
7 ^ * ^
^ i L j ; 7 o
f-'—(•
date
b e i n g away f r o m h o m e - f h
g o o n a date
205
/ U S A G E NOTE \ In Unit 4, you studied examples of the plain style used in written documents. Here we are going to see examples of it used in conversation. When speaking with family members or close friends, the plain style is generally used more often than the desu/masu style. The plain style is often used to express intimacy, while the desu/masu style tends to create distance between speaker and listener. Yet when speaking with colleagues in the workplace, for example, where you have to consider human relationships in terms of both level of intimacy and relative social position, you may use the desu/masu style to show a businesslike attitude while occasionally slipping into the plain style to express closeness to the person you are talking to. Keigo, or honorific language, is a means of clarifying interpersonal relationships, and we will cover that topic in Japanese for Busy People III. One point worth noting about the plain style is that words and phrases undergo changes in order to make them shorter and easier to say. The commonly occurring changes include: 1. Omissions (for example, particles may be omitted) . 2. Abbreviations (leaving kudasai off -te kudasai or -naide kudasai, using ka mo instead of ka mo shiremasen, etc.) 3. The addition of emotive particles (including yo and naa) 4. Contractions (such as -te iru
-teru, -te iku
-teku, . . . to itte imashita
. . tte, or
-nakereba naranai -*• -nakya naranai.) 5. Substitutions of words {desu ga
da kedo)
There are many other differences between the desu/masu style and the plain style, and one of the best ways to learn them is to develop the habit of listening carefully to conversations among Japanese people. Listen to the following dialogue conducted in the plain style. Can you recognize the casual forms? How would you change the dialogue to the desu/masu style? (See p. 205 for answers.)
B
i^/. V^V^;bJ:o
^'Z
^ : iijti^-ofz^.
1 ^t)^
^ t ; < 4^^^o/cb.
M.Xh uxhyyr ^^60 f-yxr ^^^t
LJ;9J:O
The dialogues at right are ones you have already studied. Here, however, casual language has been added. Study the underlined parts carefully.
9 ^
yes ( i n f o r m a l f o r X
~ h
(sentence-final particle used mainly by w o m e n )
~ i b J;
(sentence-final particle c o m b i n a t i o n used mainly by w o m e n )
X)
Unit 3, Lesson 8, Target Dialogue (p. 115):
Cl
•rjiyy :
h.
^^^?
*/Clfo
!^ 7 4 jt 7
Arriving at the Nakajima home, Marie Martin gets into a conversation with her former host mother
+ *
:
T9TLJ:9O
7^1^^
< t ^ T .
7'c v
M#ijlc
4'-^7^;
-?jl9y:zziz
fc^^4-ij<75 \:rp
ai^i^^Aic t o T i
L/co H^<75
u
IC lïA
^K^tlfz. -f-^''tl±
7'c
c
II. Unit 3, Lesson 8, Practice 2, Speaking Practice (p. 126)—at a class reunion:
i
J ê
•WZWZ
If s :
2 0^o^'j L^^-vN?
tra:
'fè/^;^^^^^.o «
i
s
III. Unit 4, Lesson 12, Practice 1, Speaking Practice I (p. 187)—at a barbecue party, assuming MrSuzuki and MrMills are friends and are about the same age: t f
s
JlX-.it;
^ i o ^
l±^^ili^o ^It7'c t
J:>6Uo E-Ji
#:AT-To
X^f-:^i-b\ lJlX-Ai})±^.
I
*i
•-
here ( i n f o r m a l f o r C i ,
C^. i z ^ i l l t ^ .
*it$^^~
t)
(sentence-final particle used m a i n l y b y w o m e n )
^hb-
(sentence-final particle c o m b i n a t i o n used mainly by w o m e n )
' o T
(informal f o r ~ ^ )
^ v N / b b . d-°-y H e
liX^^lc
(abbr of l i / C ^ T
h^)¥)Z.
( a b b r . o f i U i i ^ ' i ^ 9)
lc)
207
WORD
POWER
Figures:
®
®
2^^<7) 1
( = Vi)
® 3 § < 7 ? 2 ( = %) .VL
® 1 O ® 1 O ofë
(D'2 5 % ® 5 O% ® 1O O%
PHRASE POWER '
Business expressions:
sales grow sales collapse stock prices rise stock prices fall salaries increase by 15 percent S1»
ï 9
i
-3
*
salaries double bonuses are cut in half (lit., "become half") bonuses decrease by one third bonuses increase 20 percent business productivity increases
tii^zij
business productivity decreases grades increase grades decrease
314'^^ -feyh
triple
*7j*.i.
rise, g o up
\i'/CA'/L
half
percent
iSi^i>
fall,godown
i'XT-Ü^
business p r o d u c t i v i t y
salary
-tfo-tf-J
grade
aiiZt]
collapse
75\j;?5^
stockprices
i* 9 U J: ? If^Mc
-^j^-i,
bedoubled
SPEAKING PRACTICE ( f ])) I. Speaking to ennployees about profits and bonuses:
«
: # Ij ±lf^' a
^i^iz
*
-tc -ofzh.
rf^-tx
li
10 0%
7^7 y h L i -To
l^^.);^
ètM:;l-l
T^4^
o
department manager: If sales double, we'll issue a double bonus, employees: R-really? department manager: If profits are half (of the target), we will cut your bonuses 100 percent, employees: What? I can't believe . . .
II. Talking with colleagues at an ;za/caya-style tavern about the performance of one's company:
Cl
tJ^t^/LTlfzy!/' %tl 1 : « 2
o
"tiTlfzno
: ^^^^$^^±
t-:^tzL
^ ^ I ' j x i i i XI
^^^-oX-^
È ifzi
o
0
employee no. 1:1 heard that we got the contract (lit., "were able to get the work") from Nozomi Department Store. That's great, isn't it? employee no. 2: Yes, the year before last, when we were in a slump (lit., "when productivity had collapsed,") I was so worried, I couldn't sleep, but. . . employee no. 1: Yes, it was like that, wasn't it? employee no. 2: Recently our salaries have risen a little, and now . . . employee no. 1: That's right! Well, today let's drink to that. All right, have one. / CULTURE NOTE \
Japanese people usually pour for one another when they go drinking together
t/y h-fi LZ'HT!)-^ i
cut
tlidii
can g e t w o r k , can g e t a c o n t r a c t or assignment
ij
sleep
*
well...
*(*.)
w e l l , in any case o n e glass, o n e c u p
209
ill
'fl II
PHRASE POWEI
Dreams: to take a one-year vacation to become good at dancing to become super rich Y
®i}H-\Z
-i-£h
to win a ¥300 million lottery
ZY.
to become a painter
Y
to get qualified as an Interpreter
Y
to have friends all over the world
® VN^i-Tj^T
< fj-f
ZY
to live in the countryside
®f^"^;*
10A
9±;
to give birth to ten children to become president
/ U S A G E NOTE \ 3 Y literally means "thing" or "matter," but when it comes after a verb or an adjective, it functions, like
htzL
My dream is to become a diplomat, 3 Y may also, depending on the sentence, translate as the -ing part of a gerund, as in "taking in the following example,
^UMt
L^LA^
YhZYX'j-.
My hobby is taking photos.
210
t h e f i l t h y rich
o-fj,'?)^
painter
< i^j-t
c o u n t r y s i d e , rural area live (one's life)
interpreter
9 XJ
give b i r t h t o
get qualified
/ c O ^ ? ' j J; 9
president
certification, qualification
t})è6
dream
SPEAKING
PRACTICE
I.- Talking about one's dream of becoming a dancer:
5 JlX
fyx-ö'
^ /IX
7°D(7)
Zxi-fiz
-f^-^otz^.
f y ^ - i z
•t-iM-f/^-ofzi,
)^'ilti--ö\ )^ilt-f-tj
+£M-h--,fzi^.
O ^ i X - f n X .
f>fi>/-zt,iz
f y x t
Mills: Aiko: Mills: Aiko:
What is your dream? To become good at dancing. What would you do if you became good at dancing? I'd want to become a professional dancer.
Mills: Aiko:
What would you do if you couldn't become a professional dancer? If I couldn't. . . That's a good question. I'd give dance lessons to children.
i^L
II. Talking about one's dream of becoming a painter:
^ JlX : ypèöli ±
i)H^\z
i^r-t^\ +£h
ZYT-to
vt
IJIX
: •óH-ri-i)\
•iz
-bHHz
^-^Tcb.
9 0
tz-fii-x
^X4'
>^7lt^^^
-ö^^ tzy^rir-ö\ 7^^$/cV^T-to
-t+T^n^vN^A^
b^itzK^r-fno
Mills: woman:
What is your dream? To become a painter.
Mills: woman:
A painter? What kind of pictures would you want to paint if you became a painter? I'd want to paint beautiful landscapes from around the world. I'd want to visit world heritage sites and paint (them). Is that so? When you paint a great work, by all means please show it to me.
Mills:
7°c!
professional
fy-^-—
dancer
-?-9T"t'^a
t h a t t s a g o o d question
. ^ 7 [-f \ >
landscape
fz"t'ilh
{K2.)
visit
2T1
PHRASE
P
O
W
E
R
—
-- -
'
-
-
Tragedies tliat could happen to you:
An earthquake occurs when you are in the bathtub.
®y7y-fl\^^:
lHolY^.
i^\l^i)'
•^•X\^(D\Z
%,-5\^tzo
You realize your wallet is missing when you are about to pay the taxi fare.
® \h(D t r f i
^^IC
tX-otzo
i-i-
You get lost in the mountains.
You get homesick while living abroad.
®r^<-\(n
Y^£^)(D K-h'
iVN|±X
ih's\\
v-t
The person in the apartment next to yours is loud night after night.
V
One day your sweetheart/darling suddenly disappears.
You find out that a meteorite will come flying (toward Earth) and the world will be obliterated tomorrow.
You wake up one morning to discover you have turned into a insect.
ati
(R2)
occur
one day
t a x i fare
a certain . . .
notice
s w e e t h e a r t , darling
g e t lost
suddenly
g e t homesick
disappear (of a n i m a t e object)
meteorite Earth (R2)
,be destroyed one morning
iJL
insect
SPEAKING PRACTICE Talking about what to do in the event of an earthquake . . . 1)) I. while in one's office:
§^7^:
at^'
Mills:
What would you do if there was an earthquake while you were in your office? I'd get away from the filing cabinet with the heavy files in it.
Suzuki:
yri)l-f)'
V-b^io ( ± 4 . - ^ i i - o
X - ^ T V N ^
llffll Mm j flUlTF
Tl'lll ^ 1)) II. while walking:
Mills:
What would you do if there was an earthquake while you were walking around town? I'd be careful about things falling and I'd go to an open space.
Suzuki:
Ill, on the freeway:
•ff 4
•
< 4i
A
What would you do if there was an earthquake while you were driving your car on the freeway? I'd stop the car right away and gauge the situation.
Mills: Suzuki:
(^p) IV. in an elevator:
# tp^t/~tti L . l ^ ' ^ y ^ u ztï X ti
-t-f i
mx.
i ^ i - f o -
Mills:
What would you do if there was an earthquake while you were riding in an elevator? Suzuki: I'd press the emergency call button and wait.
:lc»j:ii|i,
IttcKi, {R2)
get away from
a iii
fall
driving
be careful (of)
gauge the situation
a t t e n t i o n , heed
appearance, s i t u a t i o n
(R2)
ZT^
freeway
drive
e m e r g e n c y call b u t t o n p u s h , press
213
Cl ll
H
A V-
9iL
< 1.4
9iL
htzL
v^^XT
t c X i - f o
t L
s^^'
.^o/c^,.
n . X h
^ m r
O /c
3 < ^ ^ ^ ^
K^^ito
L
1*^^
i^A.¥
TTJ^XT
h-f^tztz-otzi^.
V^ 3
7
7 «^-^ — H
^
^ o / i b .
0
(T:»
7T^F-7;t--
1^
^7
#
^*:)ii-oJ
Li-t^^?
>^^i
largest a m o u n t
L^l^v^T$'S
.
^
7
L - f -5)
seaside
Y. 1
I
all day
i)A4fX
seashore
C
(40
invest
^
y ^ i ^ — ^ • ' y
investing
'j X
safe
t: y
national b o n d
L
7
h
t h e Internet risk
X
business
Ul^lC^tDiT
(R2)
214
p u t o n (music)
^
'if V
LAbv^-f-S 7T>' K
trust
fund manager
$ /y i
f u n d s , capital 7
enterprise, business
KANJI PRACTIC ^6
—1> V
'—
—"77
—i-
seU
/
•: .,
/
1
1^ •5
*
up
T
T down
'/ 1
/ a -
r-^
double times
/ f i n hi
1
^^^^^^ 7
ten thousand
xg
m m t<
/;
A-
1
r
special
U
separate
t3
n
mouth
1' rain
•
3
car
ff]
Ms. Martin is experiencing computer trouble.
0
-7)19
y :
?
tf s
-7)19
y : lit L ^ ^ *^=''
V 7 h ^
- . p . 219
^N°y J
y-f)<
< 4' o T L i
o TC A T - f o -
?
i " ^
- p . 220
Jc
J(
it^M-
*
-tz
t
# o T < ^ T
t i,-L
tziötz-^fzh.
VT^^AIC
/ b ( 7 ) c ^ i L J: 7 o
i
^^^-.p.222
*
Martin: Huh? Suzuki: What's wrong? Martin: When I downloaded some new software, my computer just froze up. What should I do? Sasaki: How about waiting a little bit? It may just take time. Martin: Okay. Sasaki: We'll wait and see what happens, and then if it's still no good, we'll ask Shika to do something about it. And more importantly, aren't you supposed to meet someone at six o'clock at Nozomi Department Store? Martin: Oh, no! Look at what time it is! I have only thirty minutes left. Suzuki: It's all right. You'll make it if you hurry.
rui
H •"5
VOCABULARY software
j u s t , only (particle)
download
no g o o d
tz
stop w o r k i n g
call o n (for help) m o r e t h a n t h a t (see Note 4 below)
(used t o indicate c o m p l e t i o n , regret)
c^4>
w h a t s h o u l d 1 do?
such . . . as this 4' O
if y o u hurry
n o n e except f o r
If
•
1.
-
hK-o ? This is an expression of surprise that you utter almost without thinking when you encounter something completely unexpected. Female speakers may use a variant form:
h^-o.
"What should I do?" We use this expression to ask for advice or suggestions as to the best course of action in a given situation.
We use this form to express a suggestion. Literally it means "What about ing?" or "Why don't you . . . ?" l i 9 TJ'' v^v N T - f (Unit 2, Lesson 6) also expresses a suggestion, but it is much stronger.
4.
^KX
'J
You use this expression to change the subject to something that seems more important or urgent than what you are currently talking about.
fzli
means "just" or "only," as in 4 ^ B ( J :
) /"c I f "today only," o x { - f Z)
L fz\i,
"just
a little bit." We use / c i t after nouns, adverbs, adjectives, or even sentences ending in the plain form. For example:
T
I don't have a cold. I just sneezed, that's all.
L 'b'^ always occurs with negative predicates. X L with a negative means "only" or "merely," emphasizing that besides X there is nothing else. The choice between L ^ ^ ~ ' 4 ^ a n d tzli depends on the speaker's attitude. For example, 3 0:9^ {.l°L) L-Ö^ h^) i - i f A emphasizes the feeling of not having enough time, whereas 3 0 ^ {Zv-L) fz\i ^) 'j i " f means "I have time, but it is only 30 minutes." Equally, 3 0 ^ ( . i X ) L S> 'J t A i L emphasizes that besides 30 minutes, there is no time (i.e., 30 minutes is short for the speaker), while 3 0 ^ Tc It T - f implies that it takes time, but only 30 minutes. 2f8
r
' stating the Result of an Action or Event When the tense of a sentence containing a ~ /c b clause is past, the sentence usually indicates that the speaker has noticed sonnething new or unusual.
When I got home, the package from my mother had arrived.
When i opened up the box, there was a red scarf inside.
I Read the following pairs of sentences aloud while considering their meanings.
A) ^vf]-(n
2) * . ^ ^
t i t tn
^LLyPit:
tti-S
Y^.
T
fc'< i: J: •)
m^t
3)
Ltzio.
mt>'
WS't}'
^^fz<
o>oTvNi L/c^^
^/'JiL/co
*»
itz
*
,>. i;
Xiix<7i^h
^LJ;
^^^fzh.
« | C
tl
-o
f,
i^^nr
^^xfzhs
iitïLX<
2 ^ 0
IfT
Costruct sentences as in the example.
tt *'<*v>
tt
*
—k Mie
|C i o
package
^''^if — m a s s a g e
ÈLfzo
Li o T ^ i
J; 9 L J: <
Western-style food
hL i
Japanese-style food
f i < C a; 9
roof garden
^-ti: -5(R2)
get slim
^ J: 9 L J; <
breakfast
•i'
she/tier, my girlfnend
LÈi
LT^CO
close
219
IF
I
4)
10m
^
5)
H ^ i T
f r
LÈLfz.
ff$iL/co
I:PJ.7;'COT
^^^KÈLfzo
^^^^UiL/co
safpai
(|0 '• Indicating T h a t an Action or Event Has Been C o m p l e t e d A verb in the -te form follow^ed hyL t ^ ' t t indicates that an action or event has been completed. It often expresses the speaker's regret, reluctance, or resignation.
Yesterday I wrote the entire report.
L S-A. L J: < l: We don't have time, so let's quickly have a meal and be done with it.
^flC
fcX^TLiWilT^Co
(M i PUESBEGHEr)
I ended up being late for the meeting.
L*)Xlt
ht^X
Li\^tL
fzo
(M i PUEs REGRET)
I had to go and forget the documents. In colloquial Japanese, - T L É 7 / T L i 9 (plain style) is often contracted to ~ 7^ ^ ? / ^ 7, i.e., -fe (fz) ^ ^ 7, (CO) ^ i: ^ 7.
Read the following conversations aloud and practice them thoroughly.
1)
m •t-f
ê
m^:s
f$n.
-t-f
\lniitz\^ -tfX,];
220
traffic j a m
all
t l
ii<-^TLt^^tLfzXo
^^i-ft^/LrLfz^\
L
ll
:
iz
UTfC- ht
# v NT L i
^
ii^Zo
I Construct sentences as in tlie example,
1)
It^^^"^
L;^c
—1>
2)
ItVN/bV^^
3) 1 O ^ D
• 7 ^IC
ÜK^r^fz
Z^.K-^fz
Lrp-,
4) y
5) Llh\^-f)'
^Xtz
+£{^£-otz
a u T
hot chocolate
fe<
p u t (something somewhere)
fc'oT . l ^ t h
< •?>
gain w e i g h t
leave ( s o m e t h i n g s o m e w h e r e )
iMt^-'*-^
it is n o g o o d . It is f o r b i d d e n , it w i l l n o t d o
$X.'ï>(R2)
vanish
av-h
lunch
221
t on Making Conditional Statements 2B#|C
^ ^ ± ^
ttS^li;
fBllC^VNi-fo
If we leave the office at two o'clock, we will make it (on time). ~ 7c t> is one of two forms you can use to make if-statements. ~ (if is the other A clause formed with ~ l±" express a straightforward if-then condition that is required for an event or a state to occur or come into being. Examples of the conditional form are shown in the following table. word
mi at 6
aff.
mxii
mh-^-£\imt at
(R2)
tB^j-Mt^lf
T
verb
neg.
T
* ^ ( f <
*^J.MttL(f
<
L^xltnif (±^<
-/ adj.
X < amr
-na adj.
?M^'ji:^ttMttL(f
hKii) ((f)
*»
tiimii
htiii)
^L (mr
m t,i/>
noun
^/lt^(f
•
IJ
fllL^^iMttLlf *J6
use tt" h for the conditional form of a -na adjective or noun. T i S ^ ( f and ^ ' mostly in written Japanese or in very formal speech.
NOTE: YOU
D Change each word to its conditional form.
m) n<
->fii±if
1) fz
Ü^)h
3) Ih^h 4)
t
T <
5) iiJ\^ 6) ÜtL6<
^XVN - >
7)
o
V u N -t>
8)
^VN/CVN
7
9) IfX^^^^ 10)
HBÏH l:*J:7 V
222
^ ->
( f are found
I Complete the dialogues as in the example. #1) )
^-ti-^
A : ^ b ^ ' S T L J: 9 ^ \ -> B : K'-^iUf.
# t ^ i - f o
B :
i^l^X
B :
$tLoic
A
:
9 ^ IC
f B l l c ^ 7 T L J: ?
*
i^iXÈ-fo
v^ij i-fo
^ \
*,
B :
Hlc^vNi-fo
f t
A : < 7 ) ^ X X f : - 7 7 7 7lc
X'J
^ B :
sX-^ T è
vHNT-f J;o
^ C :
.X-^ T t
o v N T - f etc
A-.i^'^i/Li
^ $ ( * 9 ^ - A i c
mx^^'
x ^ i - t f ^ 7 * \
fcl?x
4(R2)
z7-^(±
Ljt9-fT-fJ;o
B :
- f T •& (R2)
itLvN
.X^T t
learn, m e m o r i z e t h r o w away
TJH^J/
m e m b e r s h i p dues
<0 T . ^ ' 7,ff. — y 9 y y'
N o z o m i Exerdse Club (fictitious business)
-tt^t/ * * 7 f- —
3—^
VNVNT-f J;.
fadlities baseball t e a m coach
lü)
H
PHRASE
POWEf
Using computers:
®
^^voyt
start up the computer reboot the computer
®
shut down the computer
yiyoyt U * 9 IJ i
i
connect to the Internet go to a website
®
receive e-mail
/—ilt
send e-mail
® /-iVt in LA.
save e-mail
® / — i\yt ®
/-iX^t
®
9—lit
li
VA
delete e-mail
mm-th
print e-mail
i<
attach a file to an e-mail XA,
© V7 h ^
A yx
h-zi-fh
download software
® V7 h ^ ®
install software
input data
T - 9 t i : * 9
iJi <
select a format
® 7 r ^
< /fffllt^ ut, h
/ U Ï ^ ^ ' M
open a file get a virus be garbled
i t Iï
freeze
L «> 7 'J J: 9
C tp ^7
LLiri> LL-fi
s t a r t u p (a c o m p u t e r )
a t t a c h (a file)
reboot
Install
shut d o w n
KtPT^)
c o n n e c t (to)
I x l ^
224
Input format
website
set
access
setting(s)
receive (electronically)
o p e n (a file)
send (electronically)
virus
save (a file)
g e t (a virus)
delete \ ^ X ^ - ^ t
X < t i
print
t
i:iïit-t'E.
become garbled freeze (of c o m p u t e r )
SPEAKING
I.
PRACTICE
Consulting a colleague about a sketchy e-mail one has received:
Suzuki:
A sketchy e-mail has arrived. I wonder what should I do . . .
Chandra:
If you delete it immediately, it will be all right.
Suzuki:
There's an attachment in it, too. (Are you sure) it will be all right?
Chandra:
It will be all right as long as you don't open it.
II. Consulting a colleague about a printing problem and a garbled e-mail:
f-r
s
L J:
7
o
f - 1 > K -7 : {checking out the printer) XxY. till m:^:
Suzuki: Chandra:
-rc
X i lyii^ tc^ ^ /CT'-fo XK
T^t-rx. T $ ^ / ^ a T t o
XKfzLrir^\
Ètz
X. ^-^T^^t
i)^XH\t
-rc
Tl^t-^oW
L i L j : 7 o
I'm sorry for asking so many questions. I can't print. What happened? Let's see. Oh, there's no paper If you put (some) in, you'll be able to (print) immediately.
Suzuki:
I put (some paper) in, but I still can't (print).
Chandra:
You can't? That's strange. Oh, the settings are wrong. If you change the settings, you'll be able to (print) immediately. I'll do it.
Suzuki:
I'm sorry to always bother you.
suspicious, sketchy attached file
tzlftzlf
repeatedly, o f t e n paper o d d , strange
225
.UI If! II
SPEAKING
PRACTICE
I. Locked out of one's office:
i:A
A L O T
M V N T < ^ T
lc^
*
Martin: When I closed the door, it locked from the inside. My card key is in the room. What should I do? janitor: The building manager has a spare key, so please ask at the building manager's office on the first floor and see what they say.
l) II. Having received a notice in one's mailbox that one cannot read:
lJlX:i
ypil/zLjlit
Uitzij.
Z(n
/c<1±vNt/X<7) Y.i. ^ivx:
l)VXiL-b<
Yin-rmf
^Ti-^o
K^X^^tzLT-f.
icto^<
YyfK^tz
^ - f / - i ' o / c A T - f e t c
vn^T-r^J^
X-Lh liXc'i
rfz
-b^^-ö^
XL h
i i o T ^ i t J i o
Mills:
When I opened my mailbox yesterday, this paper was in it. I can't read kanji. What is it?
Suzuki:
Ahh, it's a notice of attempted delivery for an express package. When the package
Mills:
What should I do?
Suzuki:
If you call this telephone number, they will bring it to you again at a time that is conve-
arrived, you were not at home.
nient for you.
I
WijrapVfffP'i
itih^h
t h e inside
X-
side
i
7:7-K + -
lock(intr.) key card
spare key L -3
rp 0 t / X 9 I t '-^ 9 ^
building manager's office h o m e m a i l b o x , mail slot notice o f a t t e m p t e d delivery
III. Ordering at a conveyor-belt sushi restaurant:
an
I llX: Mills:
M
ut
h-h- 'j i L fzo {turning toacool<) f t ^ i -ÜrAo Xh^.
fm^'^ ^ L i t U
This is my first time at a conveyor-belt sushi restaurant. How does it work?
Suzuki: When a piece of sushi that you want to eat comes around, just grab it. Mills: What should i do if a piece that I want to eat doesn't come around? Suzuki: You don't have to take any pieces (that you don't want to eat). Is there a kind of sushi you'd like to eat? Mills: Yes, I'd like to eat fatty tuna. Suzuki: In that case, just say to the restaurant staff, "Fatty tuna, please." Mills:' 1 understand. Excuse me. Fatty tuna, please! IV. Consulting a colleague about the troubles one has sleeping at night:
41=
?±I 1
i-rXo
^i.t
tic
ht:t
? ± I 1 -.WM' f t
ttM2
:
ntjiti%r>fz
Z Y ^ ' j i t ^ \
>tiii;
i x
Y^idM.
tLfi\At
o
employee 1: Recently I haven't been able to sleep very well, employee 2: Is there something that's been bothering you? employee 1: Nothing in particular; I've just been busy with work. employee 2: It's stress. Isn't it? It would get better if you went on vacation for a change. Previously I, too, hadn't been able to sleep, but when I went to Okinawa and did some scuba diving, it got better. employee 1: It would be great (lit., "There would be no problem") if I could take a vacation, employee 2:. . .
conveyor-belt sushi restaurant
< |c
fatty tuna in t h a t case case, Instance concern
$.r<^T^^i^^|:
n o ( t h i n g ) in particular stress f o r a change of m o o d
227
£p V. Consulting a colleague about how to become good at dancing:
-.Bift:
L T <^ /c t
I I I •• 3trt
i-6
Aii
Y: 1 T t Uh+i:
-ö^ h t^^'
^h^^'^'Y
È L fz^\
tz\ 'i: X 1 o s T L J; 7 ^ \
employee: I want to get good at dancing, but my body is terribly stiff. I wonder what should I do . . . Nakamura: How about trying yoga? employee: I've heard that people who do yoga are flexible, but would it be okay (for someone like me, who is inflexible, to try yoga)? Nakamura: I, too, was inflexible at first, but gradually I became flexible. If you keep up with it, little by little you will become flexible, employee: Well then, the next opportunity I have, I will try a yoga class.
stiff flexible
SPEAKIMG PRACTICE
P
I. A snowy morning at a train station on one's way to work:
i: J; 7 $ ^ < : ^ i ó . ^ A t Mills: passenger: Mills: passenger:
hi^^-^^^'/Cr-to
Excuse me, what happened? The trains have stopped due to the snow. What? When, approximately, will they start moving (again)? Well, I don't know (the answer to that question) either.
II, Asking a station employee for information:
^ulX l]\yX
Wl±
:
*)<7)7,
:
Zt-otz-i-Sih.
IRI:
i^nic
mitir^\ 9^9 y-
h^)t^.
zz\i
Y:Z X-f-b\
ibuTi-T^^t.
l±A/b^^^^'=hlc
i h
Mills: Umm . . . what time will the trains start moving (again)? station employee: We, too, don't know when (the trains) will start moving (again). Mills: This is troubling. Where is the taxi stand? station employee: At the south exit. This is the north exit, so you'll have to go over to the other platform. III. Running into a colleage at a taxi stand:
$;bX':«^AI
* i l ± J ; 7 r'e^-vNi-fo
I JCX : ivBi/Ciz
^XX
Mills: Kato: Mills:
l-b-'ofzX-^.
Mr Kato! Good morning. Oh, Mr Mills. Good timing. Let's go (to the office in a taxi) together It's a good thing I was able to run into you, Mr. Kato.
i : Jt 7 $ ^ <
passenger
S J: 7
bejustriglit
stop opposite side
\±Uz\^
opposite
229
P IV. Riding in a taxi: 1 Ï S "
^ I J ^
• I ^ '
>^'&<7?li
-^LT-rn.
•
'
^^v^^^(±
-tf-^^vNt
Mills:
When I woke up, it was snowing, so I was surprised.
Kato:
The snowfall in April is odd, isn't it? Recently, the weather everywhere around the world has been odd, hasn't it?
Mills:
That's right. Moreover, when I arrived at the station, the trains had stopped moving. And when I got to the taxi stand, there was a long line, so I knew I wouldn't be on time for the meeting.
Kato:
Because of this snow, it can't be helped. Today we'll be late.
^Liti)
strange, o d d
^ i l K
in a d d i t i o n
L-h'-tzi^ %Z
{
^L-o
t h e r e is n o t h i n g y o u can d o a b o u t it, it c a n n o t be h e l p e d b e i n g late
AnóB
t
i<-:>t;u j}-
lts
i^
V N T V N ^ / > o / i o
t-of-o
M^'T
IX<7)
A l C
li
ut
v N o L i l c
%m
t l
^\^fz^
1
VNO
I f - O Tc b .
-7^^
fi?<7i^
V - l i
tLo<7)
^^±ic
VNO^,J;lj
t l -
t ' J ^ -
K
T
*
.
^
i
o
T
H v ^ A b .
( ï < ^
vXrA^P<^
$
Loic
.
lï*-^ l i r ^ a ^ J ^ o / c o
vNotJ;U
2B#f.1
[Z -O i
diary
liL^
r u n (of car)
7^ — T " y
curtain
hK'th-
apologize
in a hurry
^
X o T ^ c o
VOCABULARY
VN T
*)li-/-ci^
)Lt^X^^fz
i)x^%^hP:\1fi-^fz.
fflt^^li
/ • c < ^
I±LOTVN/-CO
l ^ o < ' j
Tin V * fcX^/c(Ol±
ii\^%ikj-h^
^t<^i-ti:^o
^ è i o T v ^ / - c o
^
^7^-
^ T ^ ^ b t l - H ^ ^
^ t o / c o
^ l i L o ( 7 )
O B # ^ / - £ o / c o
* , ^ < ^ T L i o / c A T - r J
l±^<
i
9 9 y - r
^ 7
.^oTv^/•c<7)T^
-è^iic
F ^ O / b l ^ , .
9 9 y-(0^)\t\z
;^D||^^^ h
f:l
(i:^<
| i T
i
ll
^7
'^^3
^^^^^ hurry quickly
/
1' iimner inside
/f 9
9V
\
'ct
out outer
iSI' —>
VmiL '"•"'^
snow
X%
XL
weather
4 —1>
'
- '
irljSi
The project team has finally achieved its sales targets. A celebration has begun, but Mr. Suzuki has not yet arrived. C l
UL-i-£ •^)\y9y
:
^ X l f o
I
: {cellphone rings) ^ .
§kX
^ L ^ ' h Tiro
0 X ^ ^ ?
-r-f i
•fi" 5
mX :
-tf i
i>4
r>
^ # j T t - t C
4^
v>
m t t o
The official party ends, and everyone heads to a karaoke bar.
f t
-p. 238
I- li-^- =
^'X/^a^T-r/fa^o ^ yl/X~^ A(7) 234
i:
ifz
mi fz^^-^ fz-^x^.
Everyone; Cheers! IVlartin: Oh, it's from Mr Suzuki. Mr Suzuki? Where are you? Suzuki;
I've arrived at the Nozomi Building, but I can't find the elevator that goes to the restaurant.
Martin:
The restaurant has its own elevator When you take the escalator up to the second floor,
Suzuki: Martin: Suzuki:
it's on the right. Huh, which way do I go on the second floor? I can't hear well. Right. The right side. The right side? I'll be right there.
Suzuki:
You're going, too, aren't you, Mr Mills? To karaoke?
Mills:
Umm, I'm going to take my leave here.
Suzuki:
Huh? You're going home already? It's only nine o'clock. And besides, we have the day off tomorrow.
Mills:
I have a Japanese exam tomorrow, so I have to get up at six o'clock.
Suzuki;
That's too bad. I wanted to hear you sing.
VOCABULARY cheers!
~
Y_
when
N o z o m i Building (fictitious building)
^'"o
^)
which
exclusive use
X X
r)
huh?what?
r i g h t side
- ' j . M t t L i f
^ X b t ' V N
must
^ indicates that Marie has noticed something.
2. X Xr>,
.
2 PI
(TJH
N)
| ± o ?, and
(D
i^m ( i ' b )
T i - ^ \
A i -tf ^ are all ways to indicate that you have not heard what the other
person has said. >C-o ^ is a casual abbreviation of
This means the same as i J l X i L t
9 ^ Y\Z
h, "which of the two."
h
') i
i jf^. You add the particle
ct to ^ to mean "I assert t h a t . . . but don't you agree?" In this case, Mr. Suzuki is strongly encouraging Mr Mills to go to karaoke by using J; U.
You use the past tense of the -fa/ form to talk about something you were hoping for or you wish you could have done. For example:
I wanted to show it to you. (i.e., I wish you could have seen it.)
'
I "
:
'
—r::t
Speaking of Natural or Habitual Results You use the particle Y. after a verb in the dictionary form to express the idea that when something happens, another thing occurs as a natural or habitual result. You often use this pattern to explain how • one can get somewhere, how machines work, and so on. i
n<
o t c
Y.
È-to
If you go straight, there will be a station.
If you press this button, the door will open. / When you press this button, the door opens. Note that you cannot use Y clauses when making a request or suggestion.
Z
KT^
^\i6Y.
9UZ it
tiib^ito
(NATURALRESULT)
T
When you open this door, you can go outside.
but
Z(D
KT^
^liX.
9hlZ it
^ X < f i i \ \
(REQUEST)
T
Please open this door and go outside.
Read the following passages aloud while considering their meanings.
1) ^ t > ^ ^ % v *
mt
{i-S^.
^ 'J i t o fA<7)
2) ijyy^AyO)
236
Z j i X L ^ '
h^}t-to^
\^x\t
^ ° - h <7)
Z i i X L t
htz-oX
2 Ft T t o
$51* L v ^
i f s f y
button
o-7c
lid
h'khkj'^'i^'^
g i v i n g directions
*!) A
noodles
h t z h
cross
X — 7 '
s o u p mix
tl -y 7 ° * i ^
instant noodles
-tfA
line
y — Z y
r a m e n noodles
I Construct sentences as in the example.
Ti 1) * i c
±m\z
n
- > i o - t C
if^xv-/}'
Vti'it'h
iT^^-'j i - t o
A>.;fa^<
A*'
A
<-7&
3)
] y ^ < - t
4)
KT^
h
>>,j^ èöff) ÈX <—
*>'jito -
.T
»
U i t i T o y } ^ ^ '
L<^i-to
m^'^^"
mailbox roof r i g h t in f r o n t o f o n e lever
* i
thi-tc
i X t t c
•^
<
'
pull password screen
Expressing Necessity
~'j.MtiH-(±" 'J i -If A expresses duty or obligation and, by extension, necessity. ~'4Mt^lf is the conditional form ofanegative verb. You u s e ~ " ^ L M t ^ l f U É-if ^ to suggest that an action must be taken due to circumstances beyond your own control or someone else's. For example:
l/you must pay the money today. In addition, you often use ~ t i . M t ^ l f t i ' 'j i to make excuses for when you cannot do something, in which case it is common to add ^ T ' f or (D T.
I must go to the school to pick up (lit., "to meet") the children by ten o'clock.
'^>Z^tt:
tJ^-Xlz
m^-fxUKU
tcht'^'(DT
a^lz
^^LLito
I must go to pick up the children, so I'll be off before you. $ ^ tt" 'J i -tf A $ ^ ity, the contracted forms of ~ ^/ It
h
\ and $ ^ are, in descending order of formalU i -tf ^ . They are used a lot in colloquial Japanese.
1 Complete the sentences as in the example.
\^XK
^ S B # i T i c
mcytxUKU
i:
1)
—
u-oz-r V-,:
2) l t ^ L . * 7 ^ L i t
3)
7
9 \ih
lii;
MLZLi-h
-h^^h
fe^;^^4)
^ 'J -^xItnif;
hfz^.
5) m f é ^
^Mt'S
TA h
mz
^c'
IJ
hfzt
(R2)
#v^/cb.
^
b e sufficient h a n d over directly m a k e a p h o n e call
^LZn
T
tt''J^-tf^.
0 Complete the dialogues as in the examples.
A : t 9
'Jt^^Ti-^\ "
— r
B : 2) * L / c
^
it^C9L^/•£X^
9lt-S.
B :
A : i fz
n h
^ATi-^\
^j 9
9 B # T t J; o
B : #J2) ^L/c<7)
A
*^
l±^<
i^ih
'
... .
Y.
1
"
*p^^ic
ML L i to
LltA(^
-> A :
mmsWam
'
hyy'i\^ H
U'^ a
-ti-iti> {R2)
h % \ - o
is
B : i:^*. 5) ^ L / c < ^
^
K^$J:9^t'S 7
'Jt'J i t o
trouble client, p e r s o n / c o m p a n y w i t h w h o m one does business finish,
complete
239
ff'
W O R D POWER I. Features of a building:
(9) X X T )
U - ^ -
® ê*^ K T (D ®
l i ^ J i X n
Features of an urban landscape:
• C7 i TA
®
240
L J; 9 *i/ylf///J^X./ L J: -7 * ! ) ^ lƒ^75^^ X —,-t;—/U U ii'-? K T
frontentrance front entrance elevator corridor automatte door
m
automatte building directory security guard crosswalk pedestrian bridge
®
2t
®
* Si-
railroad crossing avenue slope, hill
Ill: «>'"1M
PHRASE POWER
^
Moving around town: cross tine street
®iKt
±6
go up tlie hill go down the hill go over the railroad crossing
i'Lzi
za
go past the bank
-f
SPEAKING PRACTICE Talking on a cell phone while parked in one's car:
<•%
m
A
: ^ ^ T L ^
i: J: 9 ^ ^ ' ' ' i t o
ySy7°7j^~ * , ' j i t o w r ^ f ^ v h <;)^±I : hf)^ U i L /co T l ±
XoT
Y:zrt
t
v^ito
i ' ' ^ (2
Nozomi Department Store employee: I'm in front of the building now. Mills:
The entrance to the parking garage is to the right of the front entrance. Can you see it?
Nozomi Department Store employee: Yes, I see it. Mills:
Enter from there, and when you get down to the second basement floor there will be parking spots for guests. Park in any space that is open.
Nozomi Department Store employee: Okay. Mills:
When you get off the elevator at the first floor, there will be a coffee shop on your right side. I'll be sitting right as you come in.
Nozomi Department Store employee: I see. Well, I'll see you in just a moment.
^ H ' j - f i ' i (R2)
go d o w n
H'ZTt
anywhere
pass, g o over
3 — t — - > H -y 7 '
coffee shop
g o past, g o by
r i g h t there (close t o o n e )
there
later on
having a visitor
241
Intransitive verbs:
®
Cooo) 1
L \
® KT^"'
fffl <
the door opens
@ FT5^^' F^rli-5) the door doses water comes out
®
0 <
the lights go out
®
®
TL
i
it^f)'
the traffic light changes
LA;-9 .
the car moves
hh
the car stops
at
l:
<4i
the lights come on
TA S
the illness gets better the meeting begins
Transitive verbs:
1^
® YTt
mih
open the door
® YTt
m^h
close the door
® 7jC^
lü-f
let out water move the car stop the car
i> <
open
O <
c o m e o n (of electricity)
$ X i£ a -S
(R2)
g o o u t (of electricity) g e t b e t t e r (of injury, disease)
fz-f
let o u t
I 'II!
cure the disease
turn on the lights turn off the lights XL
i
S'
It
® Ê ^
^Xh
-, iCl 'I
begin the meeting
lit
change the color
Choose the appropriate verb from among the options in parentheses.
1 ) mz
iL-oY.
vr^''
(
^iiir
^ i t i t
2) t i c
xhY.
vr^'
(
L*!)i-r
Li'ji-r
XKhY.
3)
i/a,-XP
(
tBit
u
6)
jzxf^ (
)
ti
(
^x^^.
)
A L i t
T
5) A^^' ii^)
)
^ i ' J i t
o i t i t
o $ i t
^*!)i-r- ) )
TA 4
7)
fe75^^<
tt^-?,^.
ixt-r
(
It L i t
)
TX 4
8)
Ji^^''&^.
9) m ^ 10)
i f e t ; ^ . If±1
iff'
7j^;b'Jit
(
VN^TJ^-
(
^j.-*^Lit
(
7#ictt^^^.
féiUit lit
Tj^^it
)'
^/i^'jit
iè^t-r
)
)
lit
Now study the following sentences.
1)
zmi
!^9l±^7^hTto
n^'^'
n
4ic
ï i
2) C/KI±
o $ i t c XL
i
^^-tirX7r
L LAT
*,'i^
y t - ^ - T t o
t j ) ^ ^ ^ . XTJ^'
$;lito
V
3) C ^ l ± B#Ffl IC
^m-t^'li^iri-o
-by h lfz
i X ^. X ^ 7
X 'j i t o
t > 1) This is a security light. If something moves in the vicinity (of it), it turns on. 2) This is a "safe" fan heater In the event of an earthquake (lit., "When things shake due to an earthquake"), the flame goes out. 3) This is an automatic rice cooker The (cook) switch activates at the time you set it for
•7^
h
/i^^i>{R2)
change
ij.'fe'-f
fix, cure
7 -J- y h —
fcAü*
temperature
t * ; f t ^ ) (R2)
iïl{iiLy4 li-) l±A
h
Y-fi>
'
light
-b-y
—
f a n heater
X -f .y f -
set (a t i m e r ) switch
sway, shake
security light
V-
flame
crime prevention
-fv^|±^•^
rice cooker
243
I. Leaving woric early because one's child has a fever:
\tAX
ttl
••
:
L;^cAT-t^\
fY:tfi'
n-^t
^±1 :
tfa L/c<7?T\ (/"j; 7 ^^Aic
Z~i\^iir.
L^.
fc^ic
o^T^jTJ^tMt/flIf
ML L i to
employee: Umm . . . excuse me. Sasaki: Yes, what is it? employee: May I go home a little early today? Sasaki: What's wrong? employee: My child has a fever, so I must take him to the hospital, you see. Sasaki: I'm sorry to hear that. You should go home right away, employee: Thank you very much. Well, I'll take my leave now. II. Leaving work early to greet one's parents at the airport:
^il :
^tl.
fBli
ï;ï^y:;^x.
li^VNTtJ^o Affile
#<<7)T\
iJfi'Xlz
^f'J^^J.Mtaif
^J.•V^^Tto ^±1 :
hh.
employee: Martin:
Oh, you're (leaving) early today. Yes, my parents are going to arrive in Narita, so I must go and get them,
employee:
Oh, is that so? Well, take care.
Martin:
Thank you.
^ao ^
f i t
o i K T ^^ <
^7^/ATt'^\
develop a fever t a k e (someone) s o m e w h e r e
L^.
oltTo
ts: h
A
I. Mr. Suzuki is liaving a get-together with friends from coliege. Mr Sato is one of those friends.
ül
III
5/15 3
T8 : 4 7
5
/
1
5
Re: 3
0 53~fcXnS
1
8
:
5
5
oa-s
5^tHS
it*
é
(D,
t5
VOCABULARY
{Kl)
11 5/1 5
ABC Building (fictitious A B C
t V l /
~ l t X ^
( I f X )
OKo TMo
t <
@
(counter f o r buildings) cake s h o p
7
ë
building)
18:58
Re : 3 0 5 3 ^ a < n S
t f
be p r o l o n g e d
h
I) Jt ï
»
I understand
II. Mayumi Nakamura has planned a get-together with some friends this evening, but just as she is about to leave work to meet them, she is delayed. She e-mails her friend Hiro to let her know that she will be late.
®
11
1 5
/
1
8
1
6
:
0
0
5 / 1
1
8
6
:
5
0
Re : ^ B ^ ^ U & X n S ö ^ t ) Si? f;: m ( _ _ ) m
) m
m ( .
? (* - * )
tin
® nil 5 / 1
8
1
6
h'yymm
:
5
5
(^ - ^ )v
5
/
1
8
1
7
:
Re: Y^^mm
.i; ri>
0
(
2
)V
b' BA
tin ^103^
h o
T^tLlf
Sat-chan ( n i c k n a m e )
I w o n d e r . . . (sentence-final particle c o m b i n a t i o n )
Hiro ( n i c k n a m e )
as p l a n n e d , as scheduled
d o i n g a w a y w i t h , clearing up
Just as . . .
if possible
l;>L7'.r>fN^.^ m,
%o)
l'/v'üv^^
t%(D
mL:#
h
o^'ic
^)-^-i
^ i - f ^ ^
^^
9JiTita^'
r'xii
t X 6
Ly^^^Azl^x
tt,
z:<^)z
Bt)^
.•
txtc^^
3'"x
^ioTvNi-To
ti
Answer the following questions:
1) ^]^A9)VTih 2) ^ X I C
4) zlMt
<
ZlMzlt \}^4
x^-^X%
}Z:L^j:i,W
^'jit^J^
9lVX-ih
^)0
^C^7j<
^^ti--f}\ ti
VOCABULARY
Bit
recycling divide, separate
h-^^h
bottle
put out
(R2)
gather, collect
il Xh
(R2)
burnable, can b e b u r n e d city
L
E <
w a r d o f a city
plastic b o t t l e
t y p e , kind
milk
depending on, due to, according t o
carton
be d e c i d e d , be d e t e r m i n e d
can
anytime
247
A
READING TASK 2 nko)
i - / v ^ i ^ ^
m w j r
*5
i±i:
h
o$'Mc
Ij-t^^ 7 ^ b T $ ^ j . H N
r x i i
it^x^
C~x^
Answer the following questions:
1) ^)^A9JlTi6 3)
rXlc|±
Ij-9-^ 7 ; b T ^ tt^N
4) r X l ±
vNoTt
rxi±
r:Lti:ij
h^)t'f-h\ -fTi-f^^
di-tirit'J^
VOCABULARY
Bit
W h
put out
if Ll
bottle
recycling
è X. •?) (R2)
burnable, can be burned
divide, separate
r|?
city
L
h ^
O
a6 ^ (R2)
9 IC KD 7
gather, collect
E <
vvard of a city
plastic bottle
L 1$ •?) V ^
mill<
~ |C J; -:> T
depending on, due to, according to
carton
$ ^ -5)
be decided, be determined
can
V ^ ^5 T
type, kind ; 11
anytime 247
II
KANJI PRACTICE
^^^^^^ exclusive
C I tSH.
F" P Fi=
Hm
Fr
floor
^^^Aiu
""^j
—jj-
/
AS'
^^^^^^^^ right
± —s-
—f
left
jrf side
f
i l "
[ 1
- "
1
lose
mi
etiquette
T
—>
A¥ T
hand
vti'iai
leg suffice
14
1^ stand
1 .! _
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate particle.
1) —H if.
^^yziyr
2)
i±f-t:
(
5 ) 'êê:t:
Ifzh.
) (OoTvN^
XKT
TT^}
S(
)
-ofi-H-ilfzo i;ifzh.Y:'jlÈiri\
YiJ'Ll/u^^
^^Y.
ZJ-h-
{
) thito
choose the correct word from among the alternatives (1-4) given. The same word cannot be used twice in the same dialogue.
1) A : (
)
B : (
)
^.fzlftzlf
Mi i n ^^kt^
iih-otzh K'^X
2.-t<"
2) A : (
)
tfz.
2. mz t<
n-nit-fo
-tlTTj^vNt^ 3 . i l
i-<^t-^/Lo
UY'ZTi
Y:iLt'fi)\ A. t t i t,X-oY
3. fz.l'L
ffx^Xi
tit 4.
vN^NT-r^\
fzt/fzIf
3) A B
(
)/^^ZTi-f)\
A
IRTto IRic
1. i h
X<
mzXfcfj-'-ofzLTirf)^
K^h/CriTo
2. XX
3.
4 . i:
change the form of the word given in parentheses to complete the sentence in a way that makes sense.
^) fY:i.
7^^f7^< (
2) itvN/cV^^ 3) ( 4)
KT^
) Li\^tLfzo
) If. Xv^ito (
5 ) 4^0 t 1= Silt;*?
(
) $ i Lfco (-^Ui-f) if^'T-f)
') Y. %%f}' L 'j J: 7 ^
{Lt-f)
(
o^ito (*itit) ) ^£\1Mi
tr-'J i-tfAo
'J i t) -3<
?|J\V/ Choose the most appropriate word or phrase from among the alternatives (1-4) given.
1) / c ^ ^ t < i : T
ioo:^R
I.W-yfz 2) i ^ 1
(
)
2.hfz^f= X IT!/'
).
(
I.Z.^Xfzh
3. i l t / c
LiL/co
A. 1 life
u-ozii-r,
ij-oY
2.%Kfz^
3.(Drftzh
A.-b^h-otzh
Ï
1.ALT 4) f T
2.ti5T
'^^•b^
1.^*^T
(
2 . 313
4.i*^XT
3.S*VNT
<^r/X$i
1 . 3 ivN
^.h^'-oX
wito
2. ^ i o T
5) ^ U X i f ' J ^ "
I
)
3.^itT
LT'CO
4-^l±
3. 3>^
^^
(
) Tto
4. 3fë
Fill in the blanks with the correct reading of each kanji.
1) r-FÉic (
)
X^^hY. (
2) n^'^bW (
( hh
)
3) x%^' (
)
±m\z
^.m:^V<-9-^' )
(
a^lz (
J i ^ ^ - ^ / c t s i:ji
) ^^LLito ) (
^hr (
) #oTv^t•to
) (
)
*.Uito
j } I
TRANSLATIONS OF READING TASK:
Lesson 1 The Rice Ball Project John Mills is an employee of ABC Foods. Mr. Mills likes Japanese food very much, o~nigiri most of all. Overseas, sushi is more famous than o-nigiri. ABC Foods has begun (lit., "created") a project to develop o-nigiri geared toward overseas (markets). Mr Mills is the chief of the project. Lesson 2 Mn Mills's New Computer Mn Mills went to Akihabara last week and bought a new personal computer The computer has a large screen, but it is lighter than his old computer Mn Mills watched DVDs on his computer over the weekend. The colors on the computer's screen were more beautiful than those on a TV. Mn Mills went to a (DVD) rental shop and rented a lot of DVDs. Lesson 3 Items Left Behind in a Conference Room Yesterday at five o'clock, Mn Mills had a meeting with Mn Takahashi of Nozomi Department Store concerning PR for a new product. The meeting ended at six thirty. Mn Mills went to the first floor lobby to see his visitor off, leaving his glasses and memo book on the table in the meeting room. This morning, he went to the meeting room to get them, but they were not there. The frames of Mn Mills's glasses are black, lightweight plastic. His memo book is a brown leather system notebook.
Lesson 5 A Balloon Tour I have ridden in a hot-air balloon. The summer before last, I went to Turkey with my girlfriend. In Cappadocia we participated in a balloon toun At first it was a bit frightening. However, the views were really spectacular I definitely want to ride (in a balloon) again somewhere. Lesson 6 Consultation Mn Oki: This is Tsuchida from the sales department. 1, too, will be working in the Düsseldorf office starting next April. I'm looking forward to it (lit., "It is a delight"), but I'm a bit worried. 255
Now I'll be preparing to move. Please tell me the various things (I should know). Thanks in advance. Tsuchida RE: Consultation Ms. Tsuchida: Düsseldorf is a very nice place. Getting ready to move is tough, isn't it? • There aren't many clothes or shoes in small sizes here, so you should bring them from Japan. You should bring medicine, too, because the medicine here is a little bit strong. It's best to rent furniture here. There are also furnished apartments. In addition, you should study German a bit in Japan. In the beginning, I didn't understand anything at all, so it was tough. I'm looking forward to next April. Oki
w
^
"
"
-
.
"
.
.
1
:
:
:
.
~
Lesson 7 Ms. Sasaki's Personal History Ms. Keiko Sasaki was born in Sapporo. When she was ten years old, she moved to Tokyo. She entered a university in Tokyo and studied economics. She graduated from the university and joined ABC Foods. When she was thirty-two, she got married. Two years later, she had a child. She took a half year off both before and after her child was born, but she has otherwise continued to work the whole time (i.e., since joining the company). Ms. Sasaki is now manager of the sales department. She is the first female department manager at ABC Foods. Lesson 8 Reading Task 1 Reminiscences of a Homestay I did a homestay in Tokyo seven years ago. I was nervously excited when I met my host family. The first time I ate Japanese food, I thought it wasn't very tasty, but I gradually came to like it. Doing the homestay, I made a lot of Japanese friends. When I left Japan, I promised my host family at the airport that I would come again. Reading Task 2 The Story of Harajuku Harajuku is a famous fashion district of Tokyo. Its main street, Omotesando, is lined with brand-name designer shops from all over the world
..
I have been living in Harajuku ever since I was a child. In the old days, Harajuku was a quiet residential area, A small river flowed through it, and there was a strawberry patch in the garden of a nearby house. There was plenty of greenery, and the air was cleaner than it is now. There were fish dealers and fruit and vegetable dealers in the shopping area, and the neighborhood housewives shopped there. Yet at that time, the most modern apartments in Tokyo already stood on Omotesando: the Dojunkai Apartments,
The area changed little by little. The river disappeared and became a street. The strawberry patches became parking lots. The (number of) gardens decreased, and there came to be less greenery Boutiques and accessory shops appeared in the shopping area, and the fish dealers and fruit and vegetable dealers disappeared. IVIany restaurants and cafés appeared, and Harajuku became the fanciest neighborhood in Tokyo. Omotesando Hills opened in February 2006. The Dojunkai Apartments turned into a stylish building with a new design. Today, just as it did in the old days (lit. "Both in the old days and now"), Harajuku symbolizes the new Tokyo.
Lesson 9 Reading Task 1 Ms. Martin's Blog Today I participated in a civic orchestra for the first time. It's been half a year (since I last practiced), so my fingers didn't move properly. But the practice was fun. People of all age groups and professions belong to the orchestra. It is tough practicing from eight o'clock, after work, but one way or another I want to continue with it. My profile: nickname: Marie Antoinette age: 25 years old birthday: September 2 blood type: AB Reading Task 2 The Blog of an American Family Our family came to Tokyo from the United States five years ago. Our daughter Monica has turned thirteen. Our son Jonah has turned eleven. I will describe our life in Tokyo. This is a photograph that my husband, Martin, took from the top of Roppongi Hills. Cameras are Martin's hobby. He especially likes to take nighttime views of the city. He says he regrets that he doesn't have a lot of time to take pictures. This is our daughter Monica. Monica likes music. This is our family coming back from after having gone out the other day. Monica and her father are listening to music together on Monica's iPod. Monica is having her father listen to her favorite song. This is our son Jonah. Jonah likes to be active. He has been taking lessons in tae kwon do since April of this year. He loves to practice. I'm Pamela. My hobby is skating. I glide through the parks and neighborhoods of Tokyo on my inline skates. I began skating after coming to Tokyo. Skating is fun and healthy. I've made a lot of friends thanks to skating. My opportunities to speak Japanese have increased, too. I've injured myself, but I've never thought of quitting. I skate nearly every week. Skating has become my lifetime sport. This is a photo taken at Christmas time. I skated with my skating club from Tokyo Station to Shibuya. Click on the image. It will become large. I am the third from the right in the front line. 257
^
m
M
.
.' -.-
-
-
-
Lesson 10 Reading & Writing Task Invitations Invitation to play Tennis
Invitation to go out drinking
Mr. Suzuki:
Mr. Kato:
Won't you go with us on an overnight trip to play tennis in Izu on the weekend of April 24 and 25? Our group will include Shika and Mr Tanaka from the systems department, and myself.
Would you like to go to the new
Nakamura
Hayashi
RE: Invitation to play tennis
RE: Invitation to go out drinking
Ms. Nakamura:
Mr Hayashi:
izakaya in front
of the station? How would the third week in April be? Please let me know what day would be convenient for you.
Thank you for the invitation. Unfortunately, I have a training session that weekend, so I can't participate. Ask me some other time. Suzuki Reading Task Impressions I. About Opera I received two opera tickets from a friend, so I went with my wife for the first time in a long time. My wife likes opera, so she was very pleased, but as for myself, since I haven't seen much opera, I became sleepy. I thought it was a very long opera. II. About Japanese Language School Last week I received an advertising flyer from a Japanese language school. I heard that one could visit before applying, so I went to visit yesterday. There were six students in the beginning class. The teacher had a skillful way of teaching and a sense of humor After the lesson was over, I talked a little with the people in the class. I really liked the school, so I'm thinking I'd like to apply next week.
Lesson 12 Reading Task 1 Words from a Worrywart I watch the news before I go to bed. Recently there has been a lot of gloomy news, so I worry. My child might get into an accident. My company might go under. My parents might become seriously ill. A robber might come into our house. There might be an earthquake this evening. I am worried and cannot sleep. 258
Reading Task 2 Mt. Fuji Mt. Fuji is about 3,800 meters high and is the highest mountain in Japan. It may be the most famous place in Japan. There are many foreigners who eagerly want to climb Mt. Fuji. Of course, Mt. Fuji is also popular with Japanese people, and every year during the summer season about 150,000 people set themselves the challenge of climbing it. During the Edo Period, Mt. Fuji (lit., "various views of Mt. Fuji") became the subject of many woodblock prints. Even now, many enthusiasts try to photograph beautiful Mt. Fuji, waiting for their opportunity for a perfect picture. Mt. Fuji changes in beautiful ways, such as Mt. Fuji in the morning sun, Mt. Fuji in the setting sun, Mt. Fuji covered with snow, and Mt. Fuji with interesting clouds. Mt. Fuji viewed from a distance is certainly beautiful. A movement started up in 1992 to make Mt. Fuji a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site. However, that wish has not been realized yet. The reason is, regrettably, that Mt. Fuji is covered with trash. Now people are thinking about how to take back a truly beautiful Mt. Fuji. Mt. Fuji symbolizes Japan's environmental problems (as well as other things).
MMf'S I
'
Lesson 13 If I Won 300 Million Yen Recently the highést jackpot amounts have gotten higher and higher. I have heard that some people have won as much as 300 million yen. What would you do if you won 300 million yen? "If I won 300 million yen, I would first buy a car and then a small condominium by the seaside. When work ended on Fridays, I would go to the condominium in my car right away. If the weather was nice, I would spend the whole day on the seashore. If it rained, I would put on music in my ocean-view room and read a book. If I had weekends like that, my everyday work might become more enjoyable." "If I won 300.miilion yen, I would invest it. With 100 million yen, I would buy safe national bonds. I would entrust 100 million yen to a reliable fund manager I would invest 100 million yen in a slightly risky new business on the Internet. If stock prices rose and my capital increased, I would invest in more enterprises of various sorts. If stock prices fell and my capital decreased, I would stop investing." If it were you, what would you do?
Lesson 14 Mr Mills's Diary April 6, snow When I woke up in the morning and opened the curtains, it was snowing. Since I knew the trains might be late due to the snow, I left the house a little earlier than usual. Today there was an important meeting in the morning, but I thought I would be on time if I left thirty minutes early. When I arrived at the station, lots of people were waiting for the trains. The trains were not moving. When I asked a station staff (lit., "a person at the station"), he said he didn't know when they would move. When I hurried to the taxi stand, Mr. Kato was in line. I went to the office in a taxi with Mr. Kato. Since a lot of snow had fallen, the taxi went more slowly than usual. I became worried about whether I would make it on time for the meeting. 259
When I arrived at the office, it was 10:30. When I opened the door of the conference room, the meeting had already started. I apologized, saying, "I'm sorry. I'm late because the trains stopped running." Then I entered the conference room. The only ones late were Mr Kato and myself. It was embarrassing. Afterwards, when I asked Mn Tanaka of the systems department (how he had managed to get to work on time), he said that he had left two hours earlier than usual and walked to the office. I was surprised. Lesson 15 Reading Task 1 Text Messaging I.
®
®
®
5/15 18:47 I'll be 30 minutes late
.5/15 18:55 Re: I'll be 30 minutes late
5/15 18:58 Re: I'll be 30 minutes late
I'm at the Ginza subway station right now. The meeting ran over, so I'll be late. Please start without me. Suzuki
Okay Know where the restaurant is? When you come out of Exit 5, the ABC Building will be on your right. Turn the corner It is the second floor of the third building. The first floor is a cake shop. Sato
OK. I understand. I'll be right there. Suzuki
®
®
®
®
5/18 16:00. ..
5/18 16:50
5/18 16:55 Problem solved
5/18 17:02 Re: Problem solved
Everything's fine here. Next week I have a business trip, so today would be betten
Okay then. 6:00 at the
I might be a little late
Re: I might be a little late
(sorry I)
(sorryl)
I can't get out of work (lit., "Work won't end") due to computer trouble. I'll be in touch, (lit.. "I'll inform you of developments") Mayumi
How are things going? Satchan also said she's busy and will be late, Shall we make it next week (instead)? Hiro
restaurant, as planned. Hiro
Mayumi
Reading Task 2 How to Put Out the Trash in the Town I Live in To begin with, you must separate the trash into recyclable trash and non-recyclable trash. If you go to a supermarket, there are places where recyclable trash is collected. Sort the trash into categories such as clear plastic bottles, milk cartons, cans, and bottles, and discard it. Next you must divide non-rrecyclable trash into burnable trash and unburnable trash and discard it. Trucks from the city or ward come to collect the trash, but the day you put it out depends on what type of trash it is. ? How you divide the trash differs from town to town. How do you put out the trash in the town you live in?
ANSWERS TO EXERCISES AND QUIZZES
Lesson 1 Grammar & Pattern Practice
i
1) Tc^XT^^^F^cT)
1
1) Q
fzL\:xiï/
7°Hf'yH±
jsjTj^"
VN^NTL
J: 77^^o
A 2) Q A B
1) Q A 2) Q A
i
/•c < ^ ^
1) Q
7-f
I;A
2) Q : r / H f ^ ^ v A ^
yb-v^^TA^
CA
A:ri\y^yi-yA(D
Y:t,h-/]^
tz
v i y t
ex,
iiiii^
tzHL
^ ^ y t
UA
IV. • i
V.
1) tiH
2) if
3)
1) Q : 1 ^<^'^ ^j-^T^^T
m^-^^^
VN:^|±X
2) Q :
n^^'-o^'-
vN^lfX
1) i-^i
1^00
fx^^r
ftA
4A
ttA
*A
^t;vN fc^fc^N
Tir^\ T-f^\
liv^T^i-f 261
Reading Task (translation on p. 255)
4) 5
JlXiLT-fo
Lesson 2 Grammar & Pattern Practice I.
1)fi/L^±L\z
nifz\'/CTi-^\
Y:Z^^
3) < 7 C 7 IC \ j i fz\^hX'-fi)\
x^x^Tlxi^\
TL L ^ ^
f 9iy-Y
^H^7'cV^^Tt^\
A L^ ^
}^%h
(±
^ V N T ' L J: 7 ^ \ A)hfzhlX'
l-f^'fz^'t: - ^ ^ ' J
II. 1
1)oi;7^(± 2) o 3) v
i
ill.
T L J; 7 ^ \ i:j:7-f~Tto
^ A J ; ' J
7 ^ {± vè
4) V N i i
7 7 ^ {±
1)A.tr/H±
B.tf-/bJ;U
3) A - t r / H ±
B^^T^/IX^)
-ij—EX^^
4) A . t x / H ±
B.tT^yl^J:';
Xi^'iz,
5) A / t r / H ±
B.t^/bJ;'J
f-x
1)A.tx;H±
^7$J;7T
VN:^|j:X
2)A.tr;H±
^7^J:7T
VN^^ÜX
A^^^"
3) A . t f - / n ±
^7$j;7T
vN^ijx
7^n^c
4) A d - v r / H ±
^7$J:7T
VN*,|iX
1)Q:fcX^fA<7?
2) Q : TJH
L r ^ J ^ T t o
H<^K'ifli
A:^-y^L/X|c
i^lz tic
2)^^°yc3>T
VNVNT-TO ^ ^ H N T t o
^^LfzLTto hfzhl^'Tir.
l t l f z ^ \
LiL/co
JA(±
t % J ; 7 r/'lc
A : I f o J : 7 r/-|c LiL/co Reading Task (translation on p. 255)
262
B L ^
DVD^
<^iL/bo
L i L/b5^\
i^Uito
YZ6\z
n^K-iiL^' *,'ji-fo
4) D V D *
(/c < ^ ^ )
^^'J i L/bo
Lesson 3 Grammar & Pattern Practice
\.
I
1)^^7^5^l± 2) zK{i
li\'XiL(n
vN^i±X
3) TtiLl±
KitiihTiTo
Xr\
X4XAT\
x'i^li/C
iJlXi/Lli
t/tfAT-fo
LA
4) C:^i:p|i i
LA
^i^)9c:"<(7)
1)*/cbL
i^vvrto
^i^XT\
^^b(±
H^^LT-fo
^Hv^Tto
^VNT-fo f t
II.
D^-^^^^^^'
XoTvNi-fo l±v>
2)
A-^TvNito
3) L J: ' Z . V N ^ ^ 4) ^5J^
AoTvNj-fo
AoT^^i-Ü:^o
5) ^J.^^/•c7J^' 6)
ovNTvNi-fo
h^^^"
ovNTvNito
8 ) — —
III. I
1) X^'^'t:
<^IC
2)
3) n
-i^vNTv^i-to
iton i t t o
nit-fo
^HNic
1 ) Shall we go and eat something? 2) Next time come over to our house to visit (lit., "to play"). 3) I will go to the post office to buy stamps. 4) I will go to the post office to pick up a package. 5) I will go home to get something I left behind.
Reading Task (translation on p. 255)
^)
/c^M±L^?^^
XioXlt <6
5) ^ ^ V N 6 ( 7 )
•h-h(n
PRicovNT
h-fKtltzo
>^ { i L {.fzi^Mli
4) 7 l / - A ^ ^ '
LLLX1UL
L) TJ^-SVN
t
fcX'jic y'z^X^y9
v X x A T ^ J; 7 T t o
\ j m t z o WfxX'-f
o
QUIZ1
1)
2) T
3) J: IJ
1) 4
2) 3
3) 2
^)A^i
IV.
4) IC 4) 1
2)X'oX
2) 2
3) 4
16
3) r r '
4) 2
lc^$ r•|c^
Lesson 4 Grammar & Pattern Practice
I.
^)n<
m^^HN
2) i < .ï^^^/VN 3)
tóC
tóTj^-^xo
4) l i ' i ' t
litt^^^j,HN
6) *^>r^
*^if^j,nN
7) J ; i ; 8)
J:i^xvN
h6
9) (7)-?)
<;?b^xvN
10)^7^^-!)
h-ó'^ta^^
12) ^ / 1 ^ 9
^/b^b^XVN
13)
\\-tj:Ks
^A)ih i-i-s:\^ ^^)hlfh
hif-f£\^
16) T'S
T+£\^
17) L
L i^-^^/VN
18) ^ \:\1h
Y ^1t^/VN
19) .^-ti:'S
«^-tftL^N
2^)h'tKh
264
h-f^^xx^
22) * ^
^^XVN
23) - f ^
L^^HN
5) 1
3) l ± o T
V. 2) C ^ L
5) IC
^
5) 4
4) J; < T
5)^
II.
^) zM-h
lc(^^r<7)
3)zM-h
IZ:Y.(D
b)ZM-i:>
{iZi\z
6 ) - $ H
III.
^
1) 2) LtJ>7
H
N
L
^
T
u-yxy^^ffric
aPallC
2P
ztPa^ic
1 la
Tsjf.-y^yXr
m ^ { i t t :
mz:\tLt
hhLxi-. m^Lr-fo t]i}^X\z
niLr-fo
tz
\ ^•:) L (f 7 ^^//
3)
^wic
3®
Lesson 5 Grammar & Pattern Practice
I.
^)n-otz
m^^x-ö^-otz
2) hh\^tz'
hh-h^-^ü-h^-^fz
3) tóvN/-c m^-fa-b^-ofz 4) t -^Tc
i-Zc^J.-'J^o/c
5) 5j^o7c
i^h-^a-fj^-otz
6) 'J.^
O/b
t^''/^^o7c:
S)<7)(ïo/b
(D\ï^y-l-j:i)^',tz
9)
(D^^a^-^-otz
^0)h^Lfi
htim-h^-^fz
A\)lLfi
It-^i-h^-ofz
12) 11-L/c XM-^Si-b^-ofz 13) vN/b
\^^l-h^-=tz
\A)ifz
i^ii/^-ofz
15)èJ/yc
hU+iij-^'^tz
\6)i)^^)fz
7^^'jti,"^^o/-c
17) ^^^T^c
^p^^^XrJ^o/c '
\8)\lfz
flW-^fz
\9)Xtz
TtL-T^^o/c
20) L t ^ / c
L
21) l±La67c
i±L3Ó^/7^^o7'c
22) ^/-c
*ti.'75^o/c
23) L / c
L^^-^^o/c
Tc
265
II.
Lesson 6 Grammar & Pattern Practice
1)A$< an
2)A^i<
1)/-c<7)L<
3)^< f-t
-fe^*
4 ) L J; - 7 - r i C 1 ) # v s T ^ i t
2 ) ^ 7 j a T $ i t
5 ) - t - ^ T $ i t
6 ) t i : A T $ i t
C7l±Xl=
2)t<"
7)-Kr5nNL^lc
7
i
r^L-f£\z
n-ofz
ikt-^£X'
i
4 ) ^ o T $ i t
XXhltz
ill-ö^
L /co / i
/•£
2 ) ^,7
S$iL/co/i/-£
3) t 7
^ i l t z . /tf-:
4) *;7
4 - ^ i L/co
5 ) ^.7
IhiLtLtz.
1)i/-c
/-)l(D
2 ) i /•£
L Ij i 7 *
3) t t i
f - 9 t
4 ) i /c'
^iftcT)
1) IC
2 ) IC
1) 2
2) 3 , 4
x'X'X"tXo ili-^^
v^v^TtJ:o
VHNTtJ:o tAATv N i -tf^„ IvNTvNi-tfAo *Tv^i-tf^o
/i/£•*'fc-^Tv^i-t^:^o
/tfi'^ - s ^ L *
It-^aLX^^t^iL.
/•£'LTv^^J.n^^T-ro
t ^ ^ T • v N^/v ^ ^ T t o
ii<
r>XX N^XV N ^ T t o
L I*
3 ) IC
mXtiio
ili^^
T $ T ^ N^j.n ^ ^ T - f O
QUIZ 2
266
3 ) ^ r ( - t T $ i t
J:
Lh
1)tC
1)
6)\zi'K'-ö^\z
L i t o
UA
IV. I
5 ) L^-ti:o|c
9/cVNito
3 ) J i L j : ^ X T
III.
4 ) L-f^Mc
4)
3) 1 . 2
5) t
^) t-oX
III.
{h
2) 'Jf o /c
3)
o tz 4) L
^ 5)
K
T
if
IV.
1) 2
2) 4
V.
1)\^^|c^
3) 1
4) 2 , 3
^A^HN
HIT 3 Lesson 7 Grammar & Pattern Practice
I. .
1)W*
lil^h
2)A°i/(c
n<
4) ^?±lc
X>z>
5) BIC •
II.
ijf^ If-^oT
1)tt*5^^L Z-t
is
4) ^?±lc
XoT
5) ^ ? i i c
XoT
7*<<
i
1)'ft^Tr)^i^ 2)
o\. N T / ^ ^ I ^
3) ':3VNT^^ic>
4) T ^
niz tl
ill.
1)^^~'^;<7)
2) 6ix^
^ $
3) ^ o v N 4) l f X $ t 5) * , 7 c i / « ^ ~
VN/C^^
Reading Task (translation on p. 256)
1) ^Oix^
)Zi
2) i o ( f ^ | C
-f^Tv^iL/bo
3) IfvN^-VNcT)
K^$J:7*
liAKL
U-oZLtltzo LiL/co
f t
267
Lesson 8 Grammar & Pattern Practice
L
1
^)iix^l<
2)vN^^
5)ypiiö\^iz i
D^ic
6) if Li
3) < b <
K
2)10^VN|c
4)$^vMc
7)ih^'\z
3)l±/b^ic
4)A'^ilc
5) L ^ ^ J; 9 IC 6) (/"j; 9 $IC 2)
ta Ij i L /co t t L <
$ IC
3) sl^ypiz II.
-fx Ij i L / c o ^ i ; <
t- Ij i L
t- ij i L / c o
1) Mr. Suzuki often goes to Osaka by Shinkansen. 2) He always buys beer when he rides the Shinkansen. 3) Even yesterday he bought a beer at a kiosk before he got on the Shinkansen. 4) He dropped his beer as he boarded the Shinkansen. 5) He picked up his beer and sat in his seat. 6) He soon became thirsty for his beer. 7) He was a little worried as he opened his been 8) When he opened his beer.. . 9) He was very cold all the way to Osaka. 1 0) He had caught a cold by the time he arrived In Osaka.
IV. •
1) tj) 9 «D
^<-T
2) i\^h\^
ix\l^-/)^
3) ^ ^
A -|±
L j : 9 7j
2) A : CA-^J; 9/•£"
Ki'K'-fpti'itz
(5 Lv^ / N ^ ^ T
t r t
B : r / o j ; 9 Tl±t-^^
3) A : ^ H N
B:J:
4) A : * ) ' S
B:t•v^
Reading Task 1 (translation on p. 256)
1) 7 ^ - i l l C
LiL/co
2) KXi
K+K^LiL/co
3) ht^) A.) ifz
fe^X
^< ^< L i
Lesson 9 Grammar & Pattern Practice
1.
/co
1 ) W
i'^-otz
• 2 ) * ^
X-itz
(±11
3) / ^ V r/ T
1 o 7c
t^i^^tlfzo
L/co
II.
\)hlfz(n
#iftic
2) ^ JlXi 3) -7/i9
x'h
* L y i L ¥
o -fc, J: 7 IC
<
^f-
B-X\Z I: U A
S
4) A B C 7 - X
tlX
8)3f7't
iiX.Xh
i2)icio7j<
Kr:<
QUIZ 3
I.
1) *
II.
1) 2 , 3
III.
1)T^
IV.
1) 3
V.
1)(±t-
2 ) (7)
3) T
4) lc
2) 2 , 4 2) J; < 2) 2
3)2 3)*^
3) 1
5)'fe'<-?>
^
L J: 9
3) C 7 C 7
4)^f<
4) 1 5) 3
*pXt'(<73)
2) $ J:/fa^
5 ) 7JV<7)
Z7
l±^^
4) ^M-ti:vN
^$7l:^
t b
^MM Lesson 10 Grammar & Pattern Practice I.
1)^^é^^^' 2) XÏ"^"
t-VNCOT\
^V^i-tf^o
f/" J: 9 $ ' i ' (75 T .
3) ^ A ^ / b ' - p / c c T ^ T .
4)
g^;
ibX7j<<7j<
5) * 7 c i 7 ) ^ ^
^'^Clct
t$t'<7?T.
\'fzX'
'jf tj /c ^ ^ T t o
HIc
•
tts/Mti4f A T L / c o J:<
-fZl
r/y^;^-Hc i^LTi
# $ i t o
v^oTt7)\
f-r
6 ) -d:oA6vN7^<
;b^^t,t-VN(7)T.
7) * . ^ ^ ^ V M ±
*^o^<7)
• 8)it,hb^li
^J>o<'j
7 ' c ^ L : J; 9 " B / C X 7 ' C < 7 ) T .
6B#^^f,t><7)T.
J^^ic
•r-^T
/ N ° - 7 ^ ^ - *
L o ^ v ^ L i t o 269
II.
^) X}hf)^-^£-^Vi
#iti1'^\
3) Lt^) 7 ^•'7'^^' 5) 7^7-FT-
r i t ^ - h \
(±b;iit^\
6) 5B#|c
fe$tKi-r^\
10) 4 0 o y - h ; u 11) 0*11(75
feJüfit'^^
7/:^V*
12) - t - L ^ V *
7/c;li-r'^\
^tai-r^\
Reading & Writing Tasi< (translation on p. 258) sample answer: fc^^^VN
7 r^^^ i t o
^>
4^(753 ^ @(± i
*'&<7)T\t3L
vN^Tj^LvNT-fo
^3B
<
0*lC
IrPT 16
IC l i A
;KmBli
/cv ^
i:
J: 7 >>T-to
7< i i-i t/:
ICi^
Reading Task (translation on p. 258)
1) $<7)7 T t o 2) (i:yp
1
m t l f z o
3) i: J: 7 t T L 7 ^ c o
Lesson 11 Grammar & Pattern Practice
I.
1
2)lfziil
1)K*^7 6)
li/c t
Z 7 7)
11)L<7)7
feJ;
3)t^i^fc7
^ 7
^2)h^\tn
S ) V N ^ r 7
9 ) ( ± t ' ^ 7
13)f:t7
14)^i^^;7
(0
16).EJ;7
17)fc$J;7
l8)/feJ;7
2 )
^9)^^>^li 111;
7
t°T/*
t"i;p*^7^
3) > ^ 3 4 = > / *
,^>oT^^ito
iê*^J^7^ 111;
t114È *
fcX^7^
5) l i ^ <
7^ic
>Jt6 7 ^
6) * ^ 270
,^^oT^^ito fc't
4) o i | c
lto3^LJ;7^
,^>oTvNito
«t
,m-^TvNit< ,^^oTv^ito
7
10) i
^ 7
15)7^Xif67
Aft
A
21) LJ;
5) * ^ C
4 ) ^ T Z 7
20) * J ; c
7
II. 1
^) z
K UA
^a.-xt:
4) i : L ^ < 7 )
H O T
S
1 ) 7 / c *
i i-ifC(DT
9/c9<7)7^<
2) * > o \ N < 7 ) T \
III.
hiöT
3) ^^^^
i
tj-ff)-i
1 ) * ^
-r<^i-t!:^/^^•
I r p X
un
L
1
hh-h^
^ni)-^
F^^^T < / - c ^ VN„
in
4) ' j j t 7 5 X i c ^ i - ^ / c c ^ 7 j < i : , ^ ^ ^ ^ - ' 9 ^ ^ ^;^x•^^lc 5) hltz Wic ^t^^T^^ fcX;lT
w^NT-^itc
Lesson 12 Grammar & Pattern Practice
6) vNo 7) fBU 8)
XLitaOX". Utti:(DX.
i: J: 95^^" •\±tx'(DX\
9
9) l f X $ l =
-f£-otz(nx\
10)*,i'J 11.
D W ^ ' ^
4)
^^%N/cl^
^ o ^ - j : 9 L/ci^
;^X'^^-^<
5) typLXf-ö^ 6) /fNT-zHc
^yij-<7)
lf=bo/ct
* / : i ^
T^/ct # v N/C
n.Xht)-ijlKi^/io mKh^^i^LKt-^/Lo
<^i^^"
J: 9 L ' i - ^ ^ o / c ( 7 ) T \
2) IC^^^'o7j< 3) A f *
.l^liL^' it^< lihlz
L^oic
^ A 6 b ^ t n ^/J-^; L t L i - d : ^ o dit^K'&Tj^^; L a i - t ^ - ^ o
L I t A l c ^^T^-STJ^*, L ^ i - t i : ^ o
8) LP^) < f-:\^¥ 9)
9 ^IC
t^/•c t
J|o/:b
QUIZ 4 I.
1)
i)^
2) T
II.
1)
4, 1
III.
Dl^-tiri-f
3)
4) 'J^- 5) IC
2) 3, 2
3) 2 3)9'S^
2 ) * ^ < ^ 9
4)
It*
1) 2
IV.
•
V.
2) 1
1)-^^
3) 3
4) 3
5) 4
J;^<'
3)J;7VN
T
Lesson 13 Grammar & Pattern Practice I. i l)vy->3y7j<
si^XXit 3) ' j ypi-hH^^-^-f)^ sl-XXit
5) i
7j^vN7jnN^^c;ff
1.) t v ^ T è i
3) S ^ T ^ i
II.
1
N
i
.l^XXitlfz.
^ / - c o /c b
.-K-
7.V¥
h*
h-ofzh ihb--,tz^
1)^|3M^^~
3) * > L / c ^ ^ -
KA^
L/c^fao
Z
4) ^ L / c
-fh
L/co
L/c^o
1) fz-b-^h < L i e 3)
*
L/co
±;>j/-i'o/cfe
4) ^ - r / c ' o / c i ^ .
t-
< L /c b
5)tL-o/:
man: If you are free tomorrow, how about going on a date? woman: Ol
Lesson 14 Grammar & Pattern Practice I-
H I ) When I practiced soccer, my knees began to hurt. When I massaged them, they got better 2) When I left Tokyo it was raining, but by the time I arrived in Hakone it had become sunny. When. I went up to the hotel's roof garden, I could see a lake and Mt. Fuji. 3) When I changed from a Western-style breakfast to a Japanese-style one, I lost two kilos in one month. When I put on a new suit and went out on a date (with my girlfriend), my girlfriend was overjoyed.
2) ')-t>
^U-lh.
4) 1 O ^ M 5 )
II.
H
^To/cb.
#T
L i - : , T V ^ i L/co
i L tz.
n.-^-b
.N-yr/VT
l C o C 7 i T
tti* ff-^/cb.
L/cfe,
o ^ ^ n i L/co'
trpitz^'T
8H#Ffl
•öH^^]tltzo
1) Suzuki: Marie, where is the hot chocolate—your gift (to us) from Paris? Martin: We drank it all yesterday. 2) Mills: Mn Suzuki, I put the samples we were going to send to Nozomi Department Store here, b u t . . . Suzuki: I'm afraid I sent them this morning. Should I not have? 3) Suzuki: Mn Mills, it's late. Let's go home now. Mills: I want to finish writing the report today, so feel free to leave ahead of me.' 4) Mills: Ms. Suzuki, how about going out for lunch? Suzuki: Huh? You haven't eaten yet? I already ate lunch-—with Mary.
3) 1 O^n?
> ^ ^ - ^ T L i v N i L/co
A)^
III. 1
tLMlC
1) fz
-f-ft)^
2)
U ^l±*
iXXLt^'tltzo
3)Lb-tl:tl|f
4) t -5 T <
5) iiJ\iiHt 6) Hi. 16 (tali tH£'7)it)'
itll XHtili
8) # v N fz liKlX 9) I f X itah (li) 10) lc ^ J; 7 l/tafe(li) 273
i
1)#H
L^
2)£v1
L'JJ:?*
. 3 ) ' ? 7 ^75^"
tT^lf
ZAT^^tMttLlf f t
5) mX^fi'
l-ftc^
(If)
Lesson 15 Grammar & Pattern Practice 1-
D
"I ) Giving Directions When you get out of the station, there will be an intersection. Cross that intersection. Walk for about a hundred meters and there will be a white apartment building on your right. My home is in that building on the second floor 2) The Delicious Way to Eat instant Noodles When you open the lid there will be (dry) noodles and a soup mix inside. Pour hot water up to the line (near the lid) and close the lid. Wait three minutes and the delicious ramen noodles will be done.
2) V^X'i'OXJi ct, 3)
U ^ < - t
r
U<
4) K T * 5) ,,";^r7_ p-^ II. 1
g<7)
tB'B^.
*i f t ) '
•^K^'zill/Lr tl
* > ' j i t o
{ ± ! i t o
kf[.b'^ i Xtto \z,pn^) I <^6>z. f)'>!hL-h'
1) V",zi-f£\iK\i
t"'j
2) l t ^ L ^ * 7 *
9lttMttL|f
3) r J ^ ' j ^ M t a i f
t^'Ji-Ü:^o
T j ^ ^ ' j i t o
t^Lo •^£^)t^ho
•
A) bfzitalitllï t^'ji-ti-Ao 5) t i t * TJMttMtaif t - f j i - t i r A o 2) * L/c
li/Lz
3) ^ L / c i T l c 4) 4 ^ 0 ^ j c
4) A $ i - f
m
i
L\i/^(D^
Practice 2 (Exercise)
3) t t s i t
L^/c^*
-r
1 It^itVli:^^
X-b'J^
b)hV'tz(D
1) h i t i 2) L i U i
n
#7)^tMt>fllf
-f i - t i - ^ M f ^ l f
X l i
t ^ f e ^ n v A T t o t - f e ^ n X T t o
t^fetH^<7)T.
Lt-lt^Klf
f£h^£^'
^ i U i
5)
t
6) f i i - t 7)
i x i t
8) t!^h')
t-r
9) t-fc^U i t I0)ièi
U i t
i±i; Reading Task 2 (translation on p. 260)
1 ) < h / i ^ " h/I/. i'ypllZrpjy^y^^ ^T<^.
2) X-/N°-|C
*.'Jito 3 ) t;t'S.
'j-y-^ ^ / U T $ - ? )
-iX-t-ixy
r^<7)
4)
t/X
ZMz
r<^*
^^itT
LH)|>VN|CJ;-PT
t>^>-
^.'Jito >lZ6-b'
t T i t o
l-tf'S
H7j<
ft-
i>
^ioTvNito
QUIZ 5 I.
1 ) fl'
2 ) IC
II.
1) 3 , 2
III.
D-^oT
IV.
1) 2
V.
Dlc^^vN
4 ) IC
2) 4 , 3
2 ) <
2) 1
h
2) 7 (^) * 3)
3) *
T^$
5)
7^^-
3 ) 3
IX
3) 3
4) 2
V'fi^)b'h (;b-ti-)
A)h\i6
3 ) ^ l t a 5) 4 -ti-AJ:
a
5)jtfe
9
LoHo
i
275
Japanese-English Glossary Note: This list cohtains nearly all of the vocabulary introduced in the text, with page numbers given for first appearances. Omitted are words introduced in Book I (which can be found in the glossary of that text), idiomatic phrases, and certain particles and proper nouns. The following trans. intr pref.
abbreviations are used as necessary: transitive (verb) R2 intransitive (verb) suff. prefix
i S ) : oh, I see, 19 TA X /t^ y ice hockey, 173 ^) ^ ^ J; 9: my favorite, my beloved, 141 S>ï5\red, 12 h-l)^^/^--h^h: rise, go up, 208' ^ I) \ \ cheerful, 41 h-h^hltn: baby, 106 *>$: fall, 118 'h i : (intr) open, 242 h < <: (intr.) open up, become vacant, I 8 I T ^ - b - y - IJ —:-accessories; 129 Ti7-bX-f-!>•: access, 224 h < If: yawn, S9 h\ih:
(trans., R2)open,224
h\ih:{Kl) deep-fry, I 8 6 h ^ V-/^ H: morning sun, 193 T->X y h: assistant, 26 * - f It-S: (trans., R2) give to (someone) to look after, 158 • S ) ^ > i ' : play, visit, 38 /c ' j : general area, 33
htzh: wiri, 204 i o : wow, 125 ^)-^^.^: thick, 24 i ) 0 É .5,: (intr.) gather, 188; fei) Ij < / - c ^ v N ; (polite form) please gather, I 8 8 i ) o a6 ^ : (R2) gather, collect 247 i ) Y.: later, afterward, 76 * . ^ T / m T : later, 3 T K y x ^ J: 9 : address book, 10 i)CO 9 : uh, hmm . . . , 1 9 V: apartment (usually smaller and cheaper than a v y y 3 y or "luxury apartment"), 37 h Ifh: (R2) take (a shower), 54 i^ö'^'O.H V dangerous, 152 i)>> b: oil, fat, 186 i x S ó / ü : rain, 9
Regular II verb suffix
h>^i)^ fefen^/SS7}^"^^N:it rains a lot, 9 it does not rain much, 9 i ) - ^ L \ V suspicious, sketchy, 225 h^O): apologize, 231 i> t 9 : wash, 60 i)-5)'^: a certain . . . , 212; i ) •?) i ) ^ / i s •5>||: one morning, 212; h i> U/h -5. a : one day, 2 1 2 T 7 H ? y f - y : Argentina, 7 i ) H -:3: what?,- 63 .T lyJl/^'—: allergy, 89 i ) /(/-tfX C^X) : safe, 214 ^ 'J.H V: guidance, 56; i ) A ti.'^ ^ t - S : show (someone) around, guide, 56; (hA^tC^^U ^ : building directory, 2 4 0 V H \ T L J: 9 ^ \ would (it) be good?, 3 \, \ \ \X"-f: never mind, 25; no thank you, I am fine, 63 V ^X.: house, 124 V X L 1^ 9 ; the entire house, throughout the house, 106 V ^i^''" <: medical science, 110 . o < -OJ^'^: some, a number of, several, 33 <• M-f: pond, 124 V MttL'*. V it is no good, it is forbidden, it will not do, 221
V ^ /b / c <: (humble form) receive, 151 v ^ 7 c t ó ^ : ( R 2 ) stir-fry, 186 V ^^,-C': strawberry, 129 V ^ ^ Zlifz I t : strawberry patch, 129 v ^ : ^ l c ^ Cl* 9 / " H ^ : a l l day, 214 V ^ ^ I f : market, 56 V ^ ^ i l i X : number one,8 V \ it-oZ—il-^: one line, I 8 8 VOTJ^ sometime, 4 v\-:5 9 a@: the first week of the month, 156 V ^ - ^ T 4 : anytime, 247 \ ^ I f v one glass, one cup, 209 V ^ -5 I f < / 1 : stay of one night, I 6 0 • V t : always, 58 V countryside, rural area, 210
v^'j." < ti.'-i>: disappear (of animate object), 212 t /"^-ó^ t : from now, right away, 33 V ^ -5 V ^ 6: in various ways, 12; ^ ^ •?> V 6 (fc): various, all sorts, 140 v\ É
v X ^ ^ - ^ t - ? ) : print,224 -f y x h - 7 l ' - t ' S : install, 224 V X - i + $ : meteorite, 212 -i y^ — A^y h: the internet, 2 1 4 4 y y / l j i y - i f : the flu, 89
V \ JS-TJNJ^. tavern, 60 V ^ : heritage site, 174 '^v N i; J: 7 : more than . . . , 159
4 yyA yy^— •skating, 143
( t l ' ) : mean, 41 \ ^ ^ \ \ T / & v \ T : in a hurry,
-f 7 b X : virus, 224 "^7 — 7 l / : wool, 39 r>x.^ h h y — — y 7 ' : weight training, 66 ' > i X h: waist, 41 X 7"-y- ^ h: website, 2 2 4
231 V ^-^ C/A <•': hurry, 167 V ^ 7c L i - t : (humble form) do, 188
h: in-line
1 i^b^ 1: (humble form) visit, 133 1 it'l>:(R2) receive, 107 1 C i ^ - t / K / ^ ^ t : (trans.) move, 140 1 Z < <: (intr, R2) move, 141; 1 Z^T^^ii < •fii/n-h-'fi < 'J.' -5: (R2) stop working, 218 9 -tV ^: thin (of cloth, paper, etc.), 24 1 fz: song, 60 7 7c 9: sing, 60 9 ^ : we/us, our company, 201; 7 *>/l*l:the inside, 226 7 ^ i ' b ^ f / t T ^ ^ ê - ^ ^ - t f : planning meeting, isi 9 f>ii'h/'h>9h the inside, 226 9 < L V \- beautiful, 193 9 T : arm, 4i 7 T ! i 1 t v v wristwatch, 39
JZ
^-j^^-ji.
elevator
corridor, 240 fev (one's own) nephew, 26 a^^ZiiC: (someone else's) nephew, 26 fev < 6: leave (something somewhere), 221 ^ A )l: oil, 186
fe 9 /cXIi
9: crosswalk, 240
fe' L y , ^ (vi') : stylish,, 129 feLj:9H)-*Lj;9f$ fe L 6 ^ L ^ fet: push, press, 213 fet L -> t L fe/-cVNi:ic/fe:^*|C:take carepf yourself, 83 fe' ^> C fe: collapse, 208 fe*.'S.:(R2) fail, 172; fall, 213 fe'o;i^^^f i : good-bye, 70 fe'To/^cV N To/-£v \
fe 9 >^ 0 roundtrip, 176 fe^fen ^/PW a lot, many,9 fe T /c'v -!>: (humble form) fe'fe'^''Yc X — • ' : large superhelp, 187 market, 124 fe' Y -f: drop, lose, 86 • fe'fe'75^-^ i ^ : the filthy rich, 210 fe' V \: the day before yester^ — h -7: orchestra, 133 day, 152 fefe-tfo/^Hf\s;many(of fe' ^ L: the year before last, 79 people), 193 fe' Y t£: adult, 176 9 i ^ - 5 / ± i a ' & : b e b o m , i 0 7 fe'fe' h D: fatty tuna, 227 fe' !^ •^' L V mild-mannered, 41 7 seaside, 214 t — y'y-t^: open (of busife' ^""•5 <: be surprised, 172 9 ij/4 i j : give birth to, 210 ness), 129 feti.' C: same, 25 9 U * . l f / # ' J i If: sales fe^iMf^ i T : thanks (lit, fel=$""ij:rice ball, 13 amount, profits, 201 "thanks to you"), 90 fe' ^ Tjn V - f .1,: ask a favor of, 92 9 'j $ ^ : sold out, 25 fc^^MfT: thanks t o . . . , 143 fe' If: (one's own) aunt, 26; fe If 9 ^5 V V noisy, irritating, annoy- fe'T^^ L V\: odd, strange, 225 ^ ^ ^ : (someone else's) aunt, 26 ing, 168 fe' $ ^ < ^5 i : (polite form) cusfe'lf i) ^ ^ : (someone else's) 9 ^ L v happy, glad, 172 tomer, visitor, 56 grandmother, 26 9il1-t*$/#H^t$:sales a^h: (R2) get up, 60; occur, 212 fe' / f e ' J ^ : lunch, 221 trends, 201 fe' <: put (something somefe.^^ 9 ^ - ! . / # ^ ' Z . : ( i n t r . , R2) sell, where), 221 ^ ' ^ ' 7 : opera, I6I be sold, 201 fe' < C J: 9 /M.iz; roof garden, fe'-^^^^ 7 7 9 hi^: wow, 28 219 fe'li'x •5i: (R2) learn, memorize, 9 ^ T ^ : driving, 213; 9 ^ T / C fe< i j l = v ^ < / ^ i < l j | C # < : 223 t •?): drive, 213 see (someone) off, 43 fei^LTfeiji-f/fe'#^ j LY'T. exercise, 65; movefe' < -S: send, 43; give (flowers), 167 L T fe' IJ i - t : (humble form) I ment, 193; 9 ^ ^ ' 7 ^ - f - S : fe< ^•2.:(R2) be late, 172 will be waiting, I8I exercise, 65 feltLj: 7 - * l f L J: 9 fefe'"^: diaper, 159 felf L j t 9 * t ^ ^ l f L j t 9 ^ihXY 7 r ^ ' v ^ i t : X.^^i'^y.^h: English conversation, fe' C «9 »^ $ : floury omelet con- congratulations, 108 , 104 taining vegetables and meat or fe' 4 V N; heavy, 24; serious, 191 X V \ J; 7: sales and marketing, seafood, 74 •fet V NT/-^-v \tij: memory, 127
110
X. X. -P: huh?, what?, 235 X X. ^ : hmm . . . , uh . . . , 42 "X $ tfVP/IRtVl^: station building (with shops and restaurants), 124 X $ É X / H I Ï : in front of the station, 160 X -p: really?, 42 hA-^A X; medium (size), 25 X t o ' : choose, 176
fe ^ $ l ^ / f e ^ l c : (polite form) ahead (of), 83 fe'^f-f -> ^r-tv\ fe^r - ^ fe fe' L: (one's own) uncle, 26;fe'C ^ A : (someone else's) uncle, 26 fe' C V N ^5 ^ : (someone else's) • grandfather, 26 fe L l ifeV N -> L l ifeV N fe' L ^ < Ij: talking, chatting, 61; fe'LAf.-
fe' é 7 : think, 122 fe'f$ -> yp fe J; <': swim, 53 fe' 'J fzfz^: fold-up, folding, 40 fe' 'J i t : (humble form) be, I81 fe' -5 t / T •?) "f: withdraw (money), iss fe*^'J/M-=biJ:the end, 156 fe'^S/|«-^9^:(intr.) end, finish, 43 fe' ^ 51': temperature, 243 - . • 277
tfV ^) y y f y F: gas station,
T ^ X S : section, 70
if—f— y 9\ gardening, 27
tl—f-y: curtain, 2 3 1 credit card company, 86 tl—Y^—: key card, 226 tf — F "7 y : security guard, 240 tf—>ly vy F: girlfriend,79 ' - T ^ n \ / ~ i Ë ) : (counter) time(s), 51
TJH
N; overseas, 13 N/^-^fe: seashell, 139 TJH N^^'iX: seashore, 214 /)^\ N C 9 ï J X : diplomat, 110 ^^''"v N Z < / ^ ' M l : foreign country, 22; t)<\^z < l : ^ / ^ ' ^ H A : foreigner, 22 ;«HNL^(7)
!>^/^?±CO
A:.
people at the office, 11 •fi^^^L X 9 : doing away with, clearing up, 246 \ C J: 9 : gathering place, 157 fi^x N L J: < /^V'k: eating out, 62
TJH \ T / C - f L : conveyor-belt sushi restaurant, 227 tfA F 7"-y guidebook, 103 jj'-v M l " ^ : development, 13 TJH \ U: membership dues, 223 TJH N ij(r>: shopping, 12 fj^x^h: conversation, 104
•fj^X'f: give back, 158 TJ^X. U / ' J f 'J: going home, 70 ^ X •?>: (R2) exchange, change, 158; (trans.) change, 243 •ö^ü: face, 60 Tj^fev complexion, 83 5j^fe ' j : smell, fragrance, 139; •/i'' a 'J i]^ -f^: smell, be fragrant, 139
•ö^b^: painter, 210 ii^^'-f]< 7j^7}^.z,:(intr.) lock, 226 <: draw, paint, 6 4
278
•b^L Z (-/£): stubborn, 41 Z 9 : sightseeing, 175
124
T J ^ / C / ^ : (polite form) person, 19 ^•h-'tz/^'^: (suff.) way of ing, 161 7JVcV\:hard, 24; stiff, 228 75-/:-olt.|>:(R2) tidy up, 61 -h'^tzh^ó: one-way, 176 •h^% XI / ^ - S : : section chief, 151 win, 172 i)^^ TJ^ Ij t-?>: be disappointed, 172
tj
V h -f : cut, 2 0 9 tl -y/< K + T: Cappadocia,79 7^7 -y y°tö/w: instant noodles, 2 3 6 ~75^ ^'"9 fi^: if/whether (something is the case), 165 ^ - ^ ^ T j . " ( i > ) : (part.) I wond e r . . . , 246
•fi^-f'£L\^:sad, 172 tl t f : Canada, 3
•b^/CZ L: nurse, 110
b^L^-o; observation, 140; i-o-ti>:
TJX
observe, 140
^ X - t f ^ - f •5>: get (a virus), 224 9 : impression, I6I
-ti'^h^
•b'-hfzL (TJ-O : simple, 22 •b^L\i.\\- cheers! 235 •b^L\f^:Ao one's best, si T ^ X ' j l c ^ / ; * X l j A : building manager, 26; U I- L L ' ^ / 7 5 ^ ^ l j A L - P : building manager's office, 226 $ / / K : tree, 124 ^—d"s7l//—: key holder, 10 $ V ^-5 V V yellow, 122 $ X (R2) vanish, 221; go out (of electricity), 242 $ \: opportunity, chance, 70
'/i'-(D C I: she/her, my girlfriend, ^•b^TLh: (R2) change (clothes), 219
T!? 7 X : café, 60 b'-S-ii^: stockprices,208 put on (a hat), 36; cover (with), 193 ^ \ i X L J; 9 : hay fever, 89 ^^<^: paper, 33; />-'^S- < 6: paper bag, 33 b^Ji^ (cO I t ) : hair, 41 b'^L: screen, 237 ^b'^t L t L ^ • t i • ^ : may, might 181
~ ' 5 X : (part.) a f t e r . . . , 101 t i y f r : karaoke, 60 fe fz: body, 140 j ^ X T / f f i ^ : karate, 6 4 'j -5»: (R2) borrow, rent, 29 -b'-^x'-: light, lightweight,24 ti^K: he/him, my boyfriend, 108 t j \ / y 9'—: calendar, 10 •b'-h: leather, 39
ii^ < " o $ < 7 ) ; furnished, 93
•i)''h/)\\: river, 124
jJ* < > i V # o P : department (in a university), 111 j J M t ^ : (R2) put on (glasses), 119; put on (music), 214; X'Lh t: 7 J M t ^ / « l t * 75^it-5,:make a phone call, 238 " 'J^'f: number, quantity, 203 Tj^-tf; cold, 83
~ i i ^ ' ^ 9 / ~ # i j : side, 226 7j^^9V n cute, 24
60 <: planning, 110 $ $ r)) 9 : hot-air balloon, 79 $ J; 9 : enterprise, business, 214 ^ Z x ^ / H C x - S i d n t r . , R2) be able to hear, 169 $ L 'f': reporter, 108 $ / c / i h : north, 176 $ / b 7 i H \ : dirty, 124 $ -^X/C L o : smoking lounge, 138 $ X /C C J:: smoking area, 158 "^"S i / f t o <: notice, 212 $ 9 t •5>: start up (a computer), 224 $ l c v ^ ^ / ^ l c X-S:(R1)like, care for, 139 $r/'LvN:stnct, 41 è>rXTA7JXlc/m^^T/C 5^^/Cl-: for a change of mood,
5^X: can, 2 4 7
227 $ É : be decided, be determined, 247 %ih^: (R2) decide (on), 91 ^ t *>: feeling, 127
•h^L-h^^h: think about, 193 •ti'^kj^ X 9 : environment, 193
^i)
^Xlfv^i^HN/TJXIfv ^^:
$ rj) 9 vacation, I 5 i ; $ 9 " ^ !1 : take a vacation, 157
•f]'-hh: (intr.) change, 124
welcome party, 91
$ * 9 I f v X j : : rest area, 158 $ 7 suddenly, dramatically, 125 7 <: beef, 186 S> 7 Ic t^) 7: milk, 247 $ I* ? 'j J; 7: salary, 208 $ J; 7 L: teacher, i i o
Ifv management, 110 Itv ^Tf)^/C: police officer, 110 Itv Mf/y: experience, 133 Itv V economics, 110 l-f^'fz^'^-X:ce\\ phone case,
10
^ 7 I Ï 7: public relations, 110 ^ 7 i j V ^ ^ : civil servant, 110 Z X: voice, 169 zi — i-: coach, 223 zt—h — i^B y 7 ° : coffee shop, 241
Ifv ^ ' ) : accounting, 110 {•f\^H.i: personal history, 112 y - + ^ / y - + M : cake shop,
zi — y: cola, 12 J: 7 -tf $ : business productiv<: (someone else's) famity, 208 ily, 8 $ J; 7 Tc'V \ siblings, brothers 245 J: 7 f£\ \: (someone else's) and sisters, 26 ^ — 7-.: case, 201 siblings, 26 $ J; 7 interest, 176; $ J: 7 »^ \-]-t)^: injury, 89; lt^<$ -f h: get Cl < ^ V N; national bond, 214 i ) -Si: have an interest, 176 injured, 89 C < ^5v^7^^^lto: international $ Jt { : song, piece of music, 143 lt^5: this morning, 40 relations, 110 * fe V X (/j,-): dislike, be sick of, I f L; t* A / T l: ^ : the last ^ 3 T : hot chocolate, 221 117 ten days of the month, i56 ^ ' 'j v-t': Greece, 139 it L J; 7: make-up, 105; I t L J: r $ " " V N i i - : (polite form) be, $ - S / * ^ : (R2) put on (clothes), 9 1 i -f^: make up (one's exist, 159; C'^5'v N t -tf A : (hum$ •?>: cut, chop, 186 face), 105 ble form) it is not there, 40 $ ^ 3: safe, 37 I t - ^ X $ ¥fz: blood type, 141 C L J: 7: (black) pepper, I86 $ X./ C J;: neighborhood, 129 lt-:> C h t ^: get married, 107 C ' - t f X ^ H . 7 / ^ I f t : during $ ^ ü : job assignment, duties, If-31 - o / ^ the end of the the morning, 77 101; ~ $ ^ t J : on duty (in), 101 month, 156 C X 7 fzL 7 fzL I t '^: (part.) but 141 ^ 5pfe:here (where I am), 12; <: ward (of a city), 247 lt^>^^" < / ! . # : visit for educa(polite) this, this one (here), 19 <7 air, 124 tional purposes, field trip, I6I C*oC'7 ->"5C'7 ^ — 7—: air conditioning unit, 205 I f X $ C^i'): energetic, 41 C 51: (abstract) thing, matter, 140 < L ^ ^ : sneeze,89 lt/C$ 7 L AJ»: researcher, 110 Z 51 L i: fj) 7 y ^ ^ ^ t : within < C fe: whale, 177 l f X $ ^ : c a s h , 25 the year, 123 < t:6/T^: go down, 241 l t ^ C 7: health, 86; l t ^ - 7 L < ^ / t ^ : mouth, 41 LfzL: health checkup, 86 ^itl6:(R2) have a child, 107 { '^: shoe, 9 l t ^ L 7: training session, 157 i7 7 + —: cookie, 11 lt/^^> { 5^^: architect, 110 $ •?>: (R2) become pregnant, 107 < tf: neck, 41 ~ l t ^ ( l f ^ ) * ! ) / ~ i t ^ ( i t x ) CcoC'fev^: about like this, 19 < i,: cloud, 124 @ : (counter for buildings), 245 C'.r; ^ 7c L T V N i -f: I have not < L V N; regrettable, 172 been staying in touch,-101 < fe V \- dark, 117; gloomy, i9i ~ C X ~ ^ I . : later, 112; l c ^ ^ J't", zf^-. -y; (sound of cough¬ < fet: live (one's life), 210 r / 2 ^^1.: two years later, 112 ing), 83 7"y X: glass, 37 Zx-^XJ-Y.: sweetheart, dading,212 Zt 6: have a hard time, be < fe •?>: (trans., R2) compare, Z2 i ya coin locker, 158 troubled, 169 116; ~ ^ < fe '< T: compared 3 7 X ^ 7 ^ n ^ / Z 7 Xh^: C X : trash, 193 to . . . , 116 • lecture presentation, 138 o S ZI. - 7^ ^ - - b > : ? ' - : com7 i j X - 7 X / - f — r ^ - : Christ3 7 V suburbs, 27 munity center, 66 mas party, 91 7 <: passing an exam, 172; C C tJ: become crowded, 12 7 ij -y:7-t.?.: click, 143 ib'^i-fh: pass (an exam), 172 r fe ^ < / c V \ : (honorific form) 9/1—y': group, club, 143 Zn Zn / i f t fö: senior high please look, I88 < •!> i V \ -f; wheelchair, 158 school, 105 C'U J: 7 L ^ / r • f f i M : (some9/ly^: gourmet, 175 ^ 7 t v V perfume, 139 one else's) parents, 26 7 Ui^v hf7— F: credit card, 25 C 9 ^ < ^"7 ^ : freeway, 213 Z M^h: starting now, si ~ < ^ : (suff.) (title of courtesy used C 9 o 7 $ TJX: means of trans3 ^ : time (in a broad sense), 129 among friends or toward people portation, 124 3 hx \ frightening, 79 who rank beneath you), 157 C 7 \th/\m-: the latter half, 156 C ^ 9 ^ 4 : (intr, R2) break, 172 279
ay-ij-fl^y
Lb^i:
h: consultant, n o
zjy-^Jl-T 'i y?': c o n s u l t i n g , 111
h >Z/4-J^:
C
y - i ' -y
^
is n o t h i n g
y +
~
L
t
218
0 / J 1 : week, 5i; L
•y- — t i ' X : s e r v i c e , 22
L $ ^ : f u n d s , capital, 214
Lyp
L I t A : e x a m , test, 107;
~
5 ; ' 9 - f - S : r e b o o t , 224
^5 V \ $ ^ : •9- ^
9 It
recently, 3
^ V N C 7 j J ^ y : l a r g e s t a m o u n t 214
•
^ -h-^tj:>^y^-/}s-t£m_- f i s h
a / 9 t :
UiL:
9 : system n o t e -
109; C * l t ^ ^ ^ $
tems d e p a r t m e n t 51
L-fiJ:
w o r k o f a r t , I88
L - t f X : nature, 174
i n v i t e , 160
- y - y ? ! ? — - i f / C L t * : soccer player,
$ : just n o w , only a m o m e n t
preliminary inspection, 157
L
< L o : f i t t i n g r o o m , 25
U o ( i : actually, 83 L T ^
a g o , 40
243; i : 5 i " 9
fevNLt*
L 'J.H \ : w i t h i n t h e city, 175; L t£
w e e k a f t e r n e x t , 156 ^5 ^5^": p a r t i c i p a t i o n , 79; ^
automatic,
vr/ÈmvT:
t h e city, 175
•f • 5 : p a r t i c i p a t e , 7 9
L tj) o>: h o u s e w i f e , 129 L tj) <^: i n t e r e s t hobby, -143 L t j ) ^ V N : t y p e , k i n d , 247 Myp LXf:
~
L J: 9
L J; 9 L J:
-?>: d o o v e r -
^ ' L U L
( ' i ' ) : regrettable,
u n f o r t u n a t e , 143;
^LiiL'^'i
Z K I C : r e g r e t t a b l y , 193
^ 5 ^ l i ^ X S f è : t n p l e , 208
C o X / t ^ ' ^ : oneself, 143
— X ' y ; s e a s o n , 193 L f e : s a l t , 186
m e n t a r y / p r i m a r y school, 106
L i i , : (intr.) close, 219
U J: 9 $ *f <: passenger, 229
t ^
C J: 9 L : superior, 2 6
( ' J . ' ) : plain, s u b d u e d , 24
L ^ ^ A : civic, civil, 141
L J: 9 L ^ : t r a d i n g company, 111
L ± j L - ^ : o f f i c e , 138
U J: 9 C rt)
U Ü L J ; : o f f i c e , 93 ~
L : c i t y , 247
d o preparations, 5 6
\: that p r e s e n t s . . . , 28
-/i''-^: N e w Year, 122 ii)'':>Zn /A^^^: ele-
L t ó : die, 53 L l ± fev N: p a y m e n t 25
t
p r e p a r a t i o n , 5 6 ; U tj)
LXfi -f i>
L ^ : p a r t i c i p a n t , 189
J: 9 Ï
7 L o : nursing r o o m ,
158
J: 9 : o v e r t i m e w o r k , 63;
t i m e w o r k , 63
departure,
L f j . - ^ l f o t ' S / t b ^ t
•5>: d e p a r t u r e , 176
V ^ r J X 3 7 : sightseeing w i t h i n
L^i''
^-t'^/tbit-f'!.:
If o / t ü ^ :
176;
C tj) IC
a u t o m a t i c door, 240
9 / ^ * « : t h e
L
L
L ^ : bicycle, 65
i : 51""9 ~ / ê * / ~ :
5:" 9 : t e a c e r e m o n y , 6 4 ^ ^ f e : d i s h , 10
receive (electroni-
clock in, s h o w up at t h e office, I 5 i
L o I ƒ ^ - t 6 : be realized, 193
42
^
L *
L fz^: ^
C I* L h t i : cally),-224
ll t:X \: age (in history), period, 193
invitation,i60
J; 9
s t u d y i n g f o r entrance exams, 109
sink, 139
iS^x^; 160
^
L 1* < fzx V h o m e w o r k , i s s \L yp I t / C : t a k i n g entrance exams,
b o o k , 43
is ( fe: c h e r r y b l o s s o m s , 165
H o : ,
L I* •(: cram s c h o o l , 115
y X f - A Z ' / y X - f A ^ P : sys-
d e l e t e , 224
residential area, 129
9 ' j J; 9 • t ' i > : s h u t d o w n ,
224
L : a n d m o r e o v e r . . . , 165
d e a lLe r ,L ^ : e a r t h q u a k e , 169
f a l l , g o d o w n , 208
a h e a d , 83
^ < tX-fi-: i
L ~
v X x A T ^ J ;
129
i
~
t X < " t ' ' 5 ) : g e t a j o b , 107
tzi'^: L *
i : ^ ( f i t : j e t lag, 89
i ^ ' f : l o o k f o r , s e a r c h f o r , 40
j
L 1* 9 /c < : h o u s i n g , 124; U 1* 9
d e n t , 191
^ i^^/T-li'i,:
9 L J; <: g e t t i n g a j o b , 107;
U fj) 9 Tc.W t r a f f i c j a m , 220
(R2) can g e t w o r k , can g e t a
L Z |c i ) 7 : g e t into an acci-
X": s i z e , 19 s l o p e , h i l l , 240
1 1 * 9 / ' ^ ' t ' : (suff.) t h r o u g h -
L
contract, 209
^5v \ L J : : t h e f i r s t , 156
^5
T: free, unrestricted, I88
Ltp 6:
9
o u t 106
L 3 : accident, I68
V \ c': t h e l a s t , 156
i
L l t ^ ^ •
: take an e x a m , 107
7 I j y / : c y c l i n g , 64
^ 4
L f Z': shabu-shabu, 63
i - Z S l - : per w e e k , 51
L $ : t h e f o u r seasons,'28
V \ : y e a r s o l d , 106
shuttle bus, 75
y - t " 7 — : shower, 6 0
~ 7 j . ' V •>: none except for,
^ i ) : w e l l . . . , 209
• ^ 0 $
y X : chance a t
h Hy^
L ^
be h e l p e d , 2 3 0
•?>: g e t e n g a g e d , 107
—
a p e r f e c t p h o t o , 193
y o u can d o a b o u t it, it c a n n o t
< : e n g a g e m e n t , 107; 3
< t
y + y : s h i r t 37
L-d^L: however, 193 L ^-^fzb^ t t n \ : there
c o m p u t e r s c i e n c e , 110
company
employee, 13
51 . S : get
q u a l i f i e d , 210
n e x t t i m e , 38
3 / C t t ' : s u c h . . . a s t h i s , 218
Z ^ ^
L ><' V X / % t M :
certification, qualifica-
t i o n , 210; L ^ ^ < $
L A p / ~ : f ± : company, 20 •
LyX
i : Ij) ^ : t h e
first ten days o f t h e m o n t h , 156 L J; 9 L J: 9 : (polite f o r m ) a
t ^ i ) : w e l l t h e n , in t h a t case, 8 6
J i t t l e , 40
LK-
L J: 9 ^ . - f •?>: (polite f o r m ) I
t , ' ) i-^i:^^^•isit
n o t . . . ?, are y o u n o t . . . ?, 116
u n d e r s t a n d , I8I
L J; 7 5^ 1* 7 : shochu (clear liquor distilled most commonly from sweet potatoes, rice, or buckwheat), 74 t X 1 fi I 0 -f 6: symbolize, 129 L J: 7 X Lb^x shopping street, 124 L J: 7 UL-h^L 'J: merchandise management, 110
Lxn
A6^(fX;^X: front
entrance, 240 Li 7 soy sauce, I86 L J: $ tj) 7 : beginning level, I6I L J; < C ^ n v Z - f e ^ ^ : dinner party, 91 L J: < 51'7: dining room, cafeteria, 188 L J; L $: format, 224 L Jt -tfv N; female, woman, 112 L J: tJ) 7 : actress, 108 L Xh\\ document, 37; L J: -5 v \ vï' < h: document envelope, 39 L fe -ti: -1): inform, 91 L fe -I): (R2) investigate, look into, 54 L 'j i> -7: get to know, 108 L Ij J; 7 L o ; reference room, 138 L •?>/ó: (n.) white, 12 L : castle, 74 L ^ ~ / # j t ~ ; (pref.) new, 33 yytf'^--—l\': Singapore, 62 \LLZ 7 / A c 3 : population, 202 LL\L/A^: human resources,
mix used to make instant noodles), 236 - ^ t $': past (the hour), 76 t $ X : ( R 2 ) pass, 76 t < <: become empty, 56 ir <': right there (close to one), 241 t <'l-: right away, 213 •f
< 'jHN/^Vj.HNifew,
not
many, little, not much, 9 X i7 Ij — V: screen, 29 X ' i T — h: skating, 143
C" v \ fantastic, wonderful, 201 -fz L/^l'-L:alittle, abit,79 -tz L - r ' ' ^ X > L - f o : - l i t t l e by little, 129 -f Z'-t: pass, spend (time), 140; fe-tCX < / - c ^ V N ; (polite form) please spend time, I88 "f L: sushi, 13 -f-f'Lx^: cool, 118 ~ " f y ' : each, 11 "f o 51: the whole time, ever (since), 104 -fx 6: (R2) throw away, 223 X h: labor strike, 204 X h UX: stress, 227 yy—7ii — F: snowboarding, 64 • t I f fe L V N: fabulous, fantastic, spectacular, 79 X h ° — ^ : speech, 173 X - ^ T + —: spare key, 226
7 L Li-f i>: send (electronically), 224 ^ : that is right, 42 ^ itzL: consultation, 77; ^ 1
L-f i>: consult,77; ^
7
tz tzL\z
(D h: give asked-for advice, 165
X ' ^ ' f y-. Spain,7; X - ^ ^ y
C V X ^ ^ yU: Spanish, 155 -f^^: skate, glide around, 143 L/CL X 1 IhAj-. new product, 33-fi-^6: finish, complete, 239 L ^ 7 c X : checkup, 86 -f i j : be finished, 18S L ^ ^ ^ 7 J n ^ / ' | / t ^ ^ : New X ^ - i 7 - y — ^ r y : smoked Year party, 91 salmon, 11 L ^ l f V N ( ^ L - ) : worried, 9 3 ; L ^ t ' S , (A-yy-i $ ) : p u t o n ( a I f v ^ C 51: concern, 227; L A I f necktie), 36 V N L J: 7 : worrywart, i 9 i -f^-?»: sit, 36 V y 7°7l/ : simple, 2 4 L A f e v \ - f . ? , : trust, 214 -if: height, stature, 19 -tlrv^75^-^: life, 143 ir: vinegar, I86 -tfv\-t/-$: grade, 208 yA "f: switch, 243 -1+^^51: student, 161 "f- V Wi A $ : rice cooker, 243 -I+TJ^- T^cTjHX-tfii^- iftvN:tall(of "f V ^ r X : considerably, 116 person), 19 t 7 <: mathematics, 110 - t t ï j H N : the world, 174 X—y;suit, 60 - t f ; « H N V N ^ 5 A : world heritage X — y 'ir — X : suitcase, 37 site, i77;-tf75HNL-ti:XvNe5A: X — 7°: soup (also refers to the world natural heritage site, 174 110
-jy-tf-^HNvf^iall over the world, 129 -tf $: seat, 40; cough, 89 -tf •?•< - f •?>: connect (to), 224 •\t-r>Xx^: setting(s), 224; -(+-:> T V X - S : set, 224 •t -y h: combo, 92; package, 175; -b -y h i " •S): set (a timer), 243 ^ - o t f : facilities, 223 -^r>i6\^: explanation, 85; -l+o X - S : explain, 85 - t t i V cramped, 124 -tf h: care, 140; ^ h i -5: take care (of), 140 ' • -i+A: line, 236 •ÜA^Lyp: player (on a Sports team), athlete, 27 -l+A L the other day, 143 - t f A - t f v ^ / ^ i : teacher, 26 ^A.fz <: laundry, 61; -tf/^Tc < i -f 6:do laundry, 61 - t f X l i A / - t * : the first half, i56 -drXo': all, 220 •^iCX 1 /#ffl: exclusive use, 235 -If^HNlItj)
farewell party, 91 1 XJ: general affairs, 110 - t o * " J ; 7:• graduate, 101; - t " ^ $X t •?>: graduate, 101 ^ 3: there, 241 •f- 51/^'h: outside, i4o ^(D hY.y^
/ x f X -y h: diet, 63
td\'r<-Ü\'/±^^:
/ y f ^ — : dancer, 211 univer-
sity student, 118 fzX Ni'v N; material, subject matter, 193 /•£v N U ( ' i O / : ^ * i^£): important, precious, 83 tzX^i: i. -) .5^ (ic): okay, all right, fine, 90 Tcv N L J: <: retiring, 107; fzX ^ L J; < t'5>: retire, 107 tzX 1-f è (^^0: like very much, 13 /iv N-lf-o (IJ:) : important, 173 tzx-^ï: 7 'j J: 9: president,210
fA Ly-7": diving, 64 fzx quite a bit, lie tzX large statue of Buddha, 74 fzX^^L (ti): tough, rough, hard, 62 y">> y D — K-f : download, 218 fzb-x^/^^^-.taW, high, 19; fzi-^ F / i f t ^ : height, 193 fz-i^^ < L: lottery, 204 9 9 v — fz\V taxi fare, 212 ' - / c i t : (part.)just, only,2i8 fz Li^MC: certainly, 193 / c ' - f / t B ' t : send, issue, ss; let out, 242; put out (trash), 247; > t a o * fi-f/^-^t tBt: develop a fever, 244 . / c - f •I): be a help, 165
tz-fklh-.iM)
fztzX''i:
visit, 211
(politeform) right now,
190
tzfzi: ^tzf^:
beat, play (drums), 64 (suff.) (added to nouns referring to people to create a plural), 70 tzXt'T): building, 125 tz
tzAjfzL: gradually, 127 tzLll/'&Lit: rice paddy, 124 *,VN^
{•'•£)/A^^
('iO:small,42
^ — X'<—if—: cheeseburger,
~ f e J: -?*!>: district, 111 fe J: < -tf'^: directly, 238 fe fe L: advertising flyer, I61 y r — : tour, 79 -o^^ {: interpreter,210
92; i- — X^<—if— • -b-y h: '^ifj^n: use, 51 cheeseburger combo, 92 f — 7 : chiefs x.-y 9 A y: check-in, 22 f - X -y 7 " t : check, 105 f - x D : cello, 141
fhti^i: differ, 63 tj) 9 : Earth, 212 -y h: ticket (for an event), 78 ^ Z <: being late, 230 7^ fe^/5C*l: father, 143 f - - \ " f y - K U X : Chinese (silk) dress, 139 ^ ^ V \ .5: brown, 43 ~ ^ ^ / ' — • : arriving a t . . . , 175
•f- U y y : challenge, 193 ~ ^ ^ A: (suff.) (informal title of courtesy used toward women younger than oneself, or toward children), 116 t,'^ L^r.: properly, 141 ^fó^P 1 / ^ ^ : (suff.) during, throughout, 77 •fe tj) 9 V V attention, heed, 213; tj) 9 V X i : watch out (for), be careful (of), 213 tj) 9 ^5^' < / ' + ' # : junior high school, 105 fe tj) 9 L: cancellation, being called off, 205 tj) 9 L 'C' UL: parking ticket, 159 : f e t j ) 9 L f C J : 9 : parking space/spot, 183 fe rt) 1 t y^L/'^ C tj)A;the middle ten days of the month, 156
^. tj) 9 L J: < /S:-k: lunch, I88
fe J; 9 L: condition, 89 fe J: 9 L J: < / t t - f c : breakfast, 219
•fe J; 9 -if A: challenge, 140; fe J: 9 -tf A t •?>: test oneself against, 140 fe J: 9 51": exactly, just, 76; fe J; •7 )Z VNVN; just right, 229
o
-I): (R2) get tired, 70 month, ss — 3 $ : with . . . , including . . . , -^5$/.^:
93
•O^'lZ;
next, 188 <: (intr) attach (to), come with 37; come on (of electricity), 242 o < X.: table, 43 o I t •?): (R2) put (sauce etc.) on (food), dip (food) in (sauce, etc.), 187 -P C' -?: convenience, I60 -:5'5lt'i>: (R2) continue (with), los o - : ? ! ; : wrap, 19 -^tó/cv V cold,41 o J; V strong, 93 r> IJ: fishing, 27 OiH.Tv^^T^T<:take (someone) somewhere, 244 ~ T : (part.) because of, 10s T i ) 1 y'tij-è' 1: meet, encounter, 140 TV X A : garden, 175 •f/ y 7° U ^ : display, 25 -f—9: data, ss •f— h: date, 205; -f — h $ "f : go on a date, 205 T75Mt'5./tb'JMt^:(R2)go out, set out, 143 T $ -?): (R2) get done, ss; be built, 124; can, I5i; T $ ^ l i ' : if possible, 246 •f 3 y F—: tae kwon do, 143 •fAf— h: dessert, 5 •f^A y: design, 129 ~ T L J: -J: right? sa; ~ T L J; -? t]^: might it be?, 33 •f"y 9: desk, 39 7-7. h: test, 153 X-ofix ^: help, 187 T < 6: glove, 39 T i y-tJl F71/7: Düsseldorf, 93 •f 7 y: terrace, 42 T'S>y'tb'S:(R2)come out.
89; be issued, 201; ~ l c T -SZ—lc üii,: goto, attend, 92; appear,i8i; (TLbK)T answer (the phone), 190 teleconference, 56 T A v A / ) S M: salesperson, clerk, 19 T A $ A : being transferred, 108 T A L J: <: changing jobs, 107; T A L J; < t - 5 : changejobs, 107 T X 51 7 : tradition, 175 T A . i X •?>: attach (a file), 224 rLZ'VrA attached file, 225 ~ 51: when, 235 ~ 5H N 9: called . . . , 193 H -i U: toilet, bathroom, 159 51 9 ^ A : bankruptcy, 191; 51 9 ^ A - f 6: go under, go bankrupt, 191 51 9 L: investing, 214; 51 9 L t 6: invest, 214 51'9 LTC fe how, 193 51'9 L / c A T t r ) \ w h a t i s wrong?, 90 51'9-t^lf VNOT-t^\what should I do?, 218 51'9 T fe^5$lc/5l'9^fcjfc i-: please go ahead, 92 51 9 fe ^ <: arrival, 176; 51 9 fe ^ { t •S»: arrive, 176 51'9 - i ' " ^ : animal, 140 51' 9 U J; 9: colleague, 26 51'9 road, 124 51 < IC: faraway, 193 ^ fe U: avenue, 240 ~ 51'fe' IJ: (suff.) street, avenue, 65; just as . . . , 246 51fe''J - f $ X : go past, go by, 241 51fe'^ : pass, go over, 241 51 \ big city, 143 51 ^ / B f : time, when, 101 RX H X t •2>: be nervously excited, 127 51 < l - Z f t l ^ ; especially, 143; 51 < IC ' i H N / ^ l c
ixK^:
not(hing) in particular, 227 51<-Co (^j.O/ilf^^iJC'iO: special, 201
51~ C T!)^: somewhere, anywhere, 3 tL' i i> 5': line up, 129;fe'A'^tf ( 51 Z 4: anywhere, nowhere, 3; tz (polite form) please line everywhere, 12 up, 188 51 A : mountain climbing, 193 tc 6: become, 70 51'fefe:which one (of the two), tcL 51 viX'fsr 511)\ somehow, 6; 51'fefet : both, either, 11 one way or another, 141 51 o - t f X : suddenly, 212 tl' /C 51' t / i , : many times, 51'-:> fe: (informal) which, 235 190 51 51' <: be delivered, 137 51'i-iJ<73 U i : / Y t i : ' ) < D A : ~ l - : (part.) for, 11; per, 51 next-door neighbor, 26 1^X6: (intr) cook (in Iiquid),i86 51 .r>: fly, 204 l-fe'v V smell, 187 51 É •&: stay overnight, 135 l : ' ^ H N / ' 2 ! S : twice, si 51 i -S): (intr.) stop, 229 I- <: meat, 171 Yy A 7': drive, 61; F 7 ^ 7 ' $ |c L / f f i : west, 176 t -I): go for a drive, 61 ~ | c - : 3 \ , NT: about, concerning,43 R yy'/l: trouble, 239 I--:) $ : diary,231 51IJIC V N < / ! ; i j | c ^ t < : c o m e — 7 7 —A: nickname, 141 and get (lit., "go to get"), 33 I- il o : package, 219 51 'J I- <: chicken (meat), I86 l^>PlbH i-i>/\^i-6: 5 1 ' J t / $ ^ ? $ : client, 239 enterschool, 107 51 IJ t 51'-r: take back, 193 — =L — y: news, 60 51 6: take, get, 33; take, have, 157 1= « I 9 'J J : < - f •2>: input, 224 h 71/3: Turkey, 79 ~ Ic J ; T : depending on, due R I/——>/": training, 64 to, according to, 247 5 1 ' l i 9: thief, robber, I9i I - •&: (trans.) cook (in liquid), I86 ' - ' J . X : (part.) I wish . . . ,201 i-A ^y-. nylon, 39 tcti-f: fix, cure, 243 tt'fe'•!): get better (of injury, disease), 242 fc-i'^y'^: inside, middle, 78 tf'^^'vX-ftvvlong, 24 tl' TJ^ C' ^ / 1 C ' ^ : around the middle, 156 tc-é^-fl'yi^ ~7^j.n \: not easily, 143 iib^iö: view, 79 'i';!)m.?.:(R2) flow, 129 f£ < -f: lose, 135 tt" {f£i>: disappear, 124 ~ ' i ' l ' t ^ l ± ' tt' feti'v N: must, 235 tt'-tf"tt- fe ~ i i X : the reason why is because . . . , 193 t t ' O T j ^ Lv \ ; nostalgic, 101 ~ t L ' 51': and so on, 175 tt'IC^XmTi\ something, anything, 3 tt'>^/c: tag, 37
t t " ^ : pot, 74; tt"< IJ Jt 9 'J: meal cooked in a pot at the table, 74
be popular, be fashionable, 3 tó <": take off (clothes, shoes), 54 ^ ^ ^ " v : wish, hope, 92 ^ o * fz-t tiir ^ o ' - ^ <: sleeplessness, 89 ^ I f 9: getting up late, 172; ^a(i'
iti>
oversleep, 172
^fe'v V sleepy, 89 fe' •!): sleep, 209 ^•5.:(R2) go to bed, 60
U/CtzX v age group, i4i ; f a A ^ v N: age, 141
•
~ W i ) 7 c IJ IC: near, in'the general area of, 33 ~<7) ^ I f l C : beside, by, 159 COfe(J 51': later on, 241 COï/i,: (R2) extend, grow, 201; be prolonged, 245 c o i f . ? , / _ h ^ : climb, go up (something), 65 ~ W É i : just as it is/was, 125 283
(DM-'X ^/ikJ^^: party, 91
drinking
: relax, 61 l i : tooth/teeth, 60 - I f : if, 218 I f i)V N; case, instance, 227 /<—b y Y; percent, 208 •' < — < + 3. —: barbecue, 6 I ; y<—<^=L — 'i -f 6: have a barbecue, 61 I f V X f ë : times, double, 201 t f - 9 y ^y—. biotechnology, 110 I f v N T A / ' ^ ; ^ : stall, kiosk 120 IfvWc tc^y\^\z T i - ^ l , : bedoubled, 208 l i v N ^ / X - ? ) : go/cort1e in, enter, 25; l i v N - ^ T v N ^ / X o T v N •?): be in/inside, 33 l i <: wear (shoes, pants, etc. over the feet), 9 ~ ( i < / ~ l f < / ~ > 0 : (counter for nights spent a hotel or an inn), 160 j\9
y B y-;(sound of sneez-
ing), 83 ••' l i 3: box, 37 l i L: bridge, 124 l i i: / : i è i ' S : (intr.) begin, 151 l i L^ó/I?;*!': beginning, at first, 79; l i L *!) 10/^77*!) I-: to begin with, iss l i i: T/^7;<>6 T: for the first time, 101; l i i : i 6 T < 7 ) / % < ) 6
T < 0 : first, first-time, i 4 o ; l i ' L Z Y.y^^ihX
y
h^^-fi^-^/Cltp:
basketball player, 27 /
y<7U— F:
password,237
Ufz I t : field,' patch (of land), 124 i i / ife>:twenty years old, 118 l i ; = f e <: work, 132 ~ l i o / ~ ^ : departing . . . , 175
^<'y 9': bag,37
'^y 9: carton, 247 '^'y 'f — 'y". package, 33 li-p L / / f e A : beep (on an answering machine), 190 l i T ("0."): colorful, gaudy, 24 l i ^ L ' : nose, 41
li^L" { ^ ' f ) : runny nose, 89 l i t . ~ - t / l § - f : talk, speak, 54 l i t L ' o ^ / Ï È . ! . : cherry blossom viewing, 91 Uicit^: leave, 127 li^vN-.fast, 20; early, 51; l i ^ < : quickly, early; 83 l ± ^ L: grove, 124 l i fe 9: pay, 137 ( i - I ) : spring, 117 y
UY.tzf,/Ktz%: people, 70 U^LlfY. / k.1lY.:peop\&, 193 b"——/I/: vinyl, 39 If I 9 $: illness, disease, lie fe <: open (a file), 224 X}hx'^: spacious,22 9: pick up, 120 Uh: bottle, 247
~ . Ï ' / ' ' - D P : department (in a company), 51 7 -f .y -> g y x IJ T: fashionable part of town, 129 7 T 'y •> 3 y bVl/: stylish building containing boutiques and other fancy shops, 129 7 r y F V 4- — •t' —: fund manager, 214 7 r y t — —: fan heater, 243 >5> 1 Ifv V landscape, 211 7— F 7 x T ; food fair, 77 Z^iLh: (intr., R2) increase, 124 7 t "7 — F: forward (position in ''i'fe J; 1 /^^: department U <: play (an instrument), 64; manager, 63 catch (a cold), 89; pull, 237 Z^^'h'^Xx'^: hangover,89 Z/ < V v low, short, 24 Z'-'-:> 'J: physics, 110 Uif: beard, mustache,41 y'y- A -y 9: boutique, 129 U i~": knee, 41 IZ'') ( T - f ) : it has been a >^51v\: wide, 24 Z^Y-h: gain weight, 221. long time, 101 Z^fa.: boat, 177 V- U: elbow, 41 . ^ ' ^ / y (tl."): inconvenient, 124 business, 214 $ 'J: railroad crossing, 240 ULl^ X Ufz I Tf-: 9 y-. emer>^lt^: winter, 1I8 gency call button, 213 7 -7 -f F '"K r h: trench fry, 37 y'7cVN: forehead, 41 7"•7^71/: Brazil, 7 tf-o < 'j - f •?>: be surprised, 173 7°-7yi^'y 9: plastic, 39 U-oZ L: moving (from one y'y y F y 3 -y 7°: store selling home to another), 93; U-oZ brand-name apparel, 129 -f: move (from one home to 'J: (suff.) after an interval another), 107 of ...,126 U-oï, 9 (-^LO : necessary, 123
7 —X-fi): freeze (of computer), 224 U C i ) : make a direct deposit into a bank account, iss fall (of rain, snow), 1S3 7 U — A : frame, 43 bath, 6o 7°c?: professional, 211 XD blog, 141 7°C7 9'y-7—; programmer, 110
'"t;-y h thermos jug, i87 If about (lit., "to the extent of"), 151 I Ï >Zn ^ I 9 : pedestrian bridge, 240 15 Y.L>Z\ almost 59 't°>'l/ h ifiV. Portugal, 7 If 6 ?/".?>: (R2) be destroyed, 212 I f Afe' )Z ' j : Bon Festival dance, 74 {Ihfz'f'i: bookshelf,39
7 ° D i / x 7 F: projects
7 ° D 7 A —Jk profile, 141
.rX^^: culture, 140 >rX'J''" <: literature, 110 'XV N C-o: weekday, 12
^X:oh, really? 51 h: pet 159 <'y h d<" h /b: plastic bottle, 247 "^ki — tj—: baby carnage, 158 ' ^ ^ / • S P M : room, 4 -x.5>: (intr, R2) decrease, 124 ^/L (tx) • strange, odd, 230 ^L-é^-f i>: change, 193 L: response, answer, ss ^LY. '): box lunch, 38 9
b^
VNVN;
should/should
not.. . , S3 end-of-the-year party, 91 If-? l i A : crime prevention, 243; I f
oiiLyA
V: security light 243
I f 9 U o : law, 110 ( f f e : cheek, 41 " : ^ X : bonus, 201 rf; — A -> y 9 lc ^^TJ^-S; get
homesick, 212 / - h — A X - f / f : homestay, 101 /-f; — A ' ^ — y : website, isi ( f <: I/me (informal; used by men and boys), 63 (f L V \ : want to have, 122 /•t^°y V 3 >: position, 111
( f L tj) 9 : recruitment, 132; ( f L I* 9 -f-?>: recruit 132 rh°X h: (public) mailbox, 237 /t^X h 7 r 5 ' J - : host family, 127 [l^x\ thin, narrow, 24 ( f - € X - f .?>: save (a file), 224 '1^' 9 button, 236
i. ( i ) ) : well, in any case, 209 '7 — 9: mark, 40 y—'T 7- A y 9\ marketing, 101 É V N ~ / ( p r e f . ) every, 62; i o -3 $ : every month, 62; i V \ 51 L / ^ ^ : every year, 122; i v ^ * a A / # ^ - > É V N IJ É -f: (humble form) go, come, 181 v r ! 7 X ^ - y K: mouse pad, 10 - i x . / - ! - : (suff.) t o . . . , before..., 76; ~ i x l c / - | f I-: before, 33 V 9'il -y 7°: mug, 10 i It-?.: lose, 172
tZih ('iO: serious, 41; tLih i : serious-mindedness, 192 i "f: first of all, 1S8 t ia^Xh: (R2) mistake, make a mistake about 172 •7 >y 7 : McDonald's (short for v 7 K-;'--'!' F),92 V -y -9" — y ; massage, 219 t -o%f: thick, bitter green tea used in tea ceremony, 74 y V: mat 51 " 7 — T : mania, 193
tKhi/mz^T.be
on
time, make i t 132 V 7 7 — : scarf, 39 i ( I f ) : eyebrow,41 i J; 9 : be at a loss, 165 thi>/^h: travel around, go around, 65 y y y ^ yen TJXU I C A / V yy3y
«^'J'^X: brush, 60
^ ^-b^hy-^m: right side, 235 «^CJ^HN; short 24 <^fe>:road, way, 119 ^ fe i>Ati."v N; giving directions, 236 <^fel- iX 9 : get lost 212 ^OTJ^-S/^-OTJ^.?,: be able to find, 42 ^ >Z IJ: green, 124 Ji-^£i L: (polite from) everyone, the others, 91 • ^ • ^ t ' - ^ / i ^ : south, 176 . ^ ^ : ear, 41 •.^ A •^C: everyone, 85 •
fe:^-^-9: head to, 188 feTJXic v ^ < / f e ^ ^ x . l c ^ t < : go to meet, 56 fe'TJXic i v N i J É t : (humble form) go to meet I81 tj-b^Xh: (R2) meet welcome, 56 ij-b^L: back in the old days, 125 ^ XJ I t : (suff.) geared toward, for, 13 fe' L: insect 212 tjkX: chest breast-41. fe' 'J ( t c ) : impossible, 83 fe' 'J J; 9 : free, does not cost money 159
i j ' J i i ' i : force oneself, overdo it, 83 •i^v N; (one's own) niece, 26 ~6 V N c X A : (someone else's) niece, 26 * 6 V N L J;: place of interest, 176 y ' f y x h ' J — h main street 129 . . y — h /I: meter, 155 y-Jl-f 6: send e-mail, 91 ió-b'^'U: glasses, 39 9 ^yzi; Mexico, 136 16 L ck-b^6: (honorificform) eat
187; iöl^-b^'-oX < /iXvN: (honorific form) please eat 187 9 y-k — iy: message, 190 i6
/ "yvf-y^: maintenance, 92 / yy<—: member, 132 ~ t V N .5: there are also tliose who . . . , 132
il 1 LZiJ: apply, I6i %9 t
C: in a few minutes, 76 iiXi>:{Kl) burnable, 247 il L: if, 204 il i : i f l t - f ' ? > : become garbled (of e-mail), 224 ^ f y ( t t ' ) : modem, 129
ii%>A)L:o'^ course, 108 è o 51: more, 19
^•rll:
model, 27
il Yl'i: go/come back, 77 il CO: (concrete) thing, 140 ii
^ <: (trans.) roast, I86 ^ < y^: approximately, 193 ^ < ^ <: appointment, promise, 77; < ^ < t-5>: promise, 108 ^ I f v V city lights, 143 ^ l t l > : ( i n t r , R2) roast, I86 Lv N: gentle, kind, 41 ^•tfv V the wild, 174; ^-t+v ^ 5:" 9 Zy--^: wild animals, 174 ^-)+.?>:(R2) get slim, 219 • ^ o 51:at last, finally, 42 •^^a: roof, 237 • ^ i / r U : mountain, 64 ^ i < ? 5 l f I J / l b C O I J ' l J : mountain climbing, 64 ^i6.|.:(R2) quit, 27 ^ ' 1 . : do, 111 fe N: soft, 24; flexible, 228 yp: hot water, I86
yp 9 b^fz/y^: evening, 76 tjJ 9 L J; < yy-k.: dinner, I88 ypl
Z
friend, 133
yp 9 l ± A / y l ± A : dinner, 185 yp 9 V-/y H: evening sun, 139
yp 9 t / X 9 It: home mailbox, mail slot, 226 ypn<: last night, 122 .3- — ^ r T : humor, I6I ypb'-tz: informal cotton kimono, 3 tJ) -p < IJ: slowly, leisurely, 153 yp tf: finger, 89
yp>!h: dream, 210
yp-kli: (R2)
sway, shake, 243
dent, 203 IJ J; 9 N; I understand, 245 IJ J; 9 $ A : fare, 176 IJ J; 9 L A / i ^ M : (one.'s own) parents, 26 IJ i 9 TV \ an elegant and expensive traditional Japanese restaurant, 201 IJ J: 9 l i 9 /^-^: both, 11 i j - 7 7 7X1--5.: relax, 75
~ =t 9 / ' ^ f f l : for use as, 19
J; X X ^ / f f l * - t .5: prepare, get (something) ready, I8I J; 9 L: paper, 225 J; 9 U / S f ^ : things to do, errands, 70 J; 9 L J: <: Western-style food, 219
J; 9 -f: appearance, situation,
213; l l - t ^
Uh/li-f^
yb—V — T : Romania, 7 il -f: being away from home, 205
it\fLX'Lh/ii-\fL% si: answering machine, 190 X-^i]: example, 5 Uy: cash register, 33 \yy— h: receipt, 159 V y h°: recipe, 27 i\--o\ line, 143 U 7 X y : lesson, 5 lever, 237
il: gauge the situation, 213 3 if: yoga, 51 Xi'^-otz^: if you would like, 165 ilL> Lrt)9 : practice, 132 X< i) IJ i-ti'A: not good, 83 J; T V X ' f ' ê : plan, schedule, 77; U y ^ ' T ! / — : rental car, 174; vy 9 il— • 7 ° 7 y : rental car. J;TvN51-feiJ/-f:$5l"feiJ:as option, 175 planned, as scheduled, 246; X T U y ^' 71/ y 3 7 7°: rental shop, 29 x^Ux l / f ^ t f X 9 : plan^ A fe <: contact, connection, ning calendar, 157 92; ^ A fe < - f .&: contact, get ^XU: (part, comb.) right? 125 in touch (with), 92 ~ J ; IJ: (part.) tha'n, 6 ^ / C fe < ^ $: contact informaJ: i>: stop off, 60 tion, 181 J; i>y^: night, evening, 76 Xi>Z Z^: be pleased, be delighted, 132 J: 6 L V N: (polite form) good, isi J:6 L V N T X ^ \ would it be all right?, 133
.5 < feX: recording, 190; 6 < fe' L t i : record, 190 o y T : Russia, 7
^ 7 5 X : (trans.) boil, I86 fe V N $ Af> <: having a visitor, 241 ^ <: (intr) boil, I86 * 9 l t l . / ^ ' " l t ' ? > - : (R2) divide, •7 h: light, 243 separate, 247 N | c f e / ^ H : coming to hL'O; Japanese-style room, 13S Japan, 157 hL X <.: Japanese-style food, y 4 7 X rh°-'y: lifetime sport, 219
143
IJ Z A: divorce, 107; U Z A i " i : get divorced, 107 'J t f ^ ^ 71-: recycling, 247 iJX7:risk, 214 iJX h: list, 8 IJ
9 5^''/ -ti"V N; foreign stu-
h-fH-i:
CO: thing left behind, 34 (R2) forget, leave
behind, 33 htzX \ Z: Japanese drum, 64 h^zir: handover,238 I?/b .5):.cross, 236 UyfA X: one size, 2
English-Japanese Glossary The following adj. intr. n. trans. V.
abbreviations are used: adjective intransitive (verb) noun transitive (verb) verb
about: (concerning) ^ i c o v NT, anything: 'i.' Ic TJX'IHI5^", 3 43; (lit., "to the extent of") ii anytime: v N'oTè,247 151; about like this: C CO <% o, 19 anywhere: 5l"C'i^^, 3 access: Ty-^Xti.iiA anywhere: 51"Z 4,3; 51"CTt,241 accessories: T 7-tr-ff" 'J —, 129 apartment: T^<— h,37; apartaccident: L Z, ies; get into an ment manager: -^yy 3 ^(D accident: LZ\z i , 7,191 5^X9 i c A / v y v H y ; 7 age: (of person) iihiix \ 141; (in arm: 7 T, 4i history) F 7c'v \ 193 arrival: 51 7 fe ^ <, 176; arrive: age group: ixLtzX \ 141 51 7 fe ^ < -f .5,176; arriving ahead (of): ^ $ Z " ^ , 83; (polite a t . . . : ~ fe ^ < 175 form)fe^f$lc/fe5fc|c,83 ask a favor of: iSUt/^x ^-fi, 92 air: < 7 124 assistant: T v - X 7 > h,26 air conditioning unit: 9 — y—, 205 at first: l± Z lóyiè^^, 79 all: -IfXo', 220 at last: ^ - ^ 51,42 aliday: VNfelcfe i: 1* ^ / ^ Q X ^ ^ athlete: -tfA L rt),27 attach: (attach to, stick to) o <, 214 37; (a file to an e-mail) T LZ°-f all right: /c"v ^ C J: 7 (t,"), 90 6,224; attached file: T LZ° all sorts: v X ^ X C'^"), MO 7 T ^ 71/, 225 all-you-can-eat: 7 c ' ^ ( i 7 tzx \ 63 attend: ( ~ l c ) T - l . / ( ~ | c ) allergy: T 1/71/4^"—, 89 ^6.92 almost: (Ï 51/Cii", 59 attention: fe X \ 213 always: v N-Q 58 aunt: (one's own) fe'lf, 26; and moreover...: ~ L ~ L, 165 (someone else's) fe'lf ^ A, 26 and so on: tc )Z, 175 automatic: C 5l"7 ~ / ê t ^ ~ , animal: 51" 7 Z'r), uo 243; automatic door: U 51" 7 F annoying: 7 -?> ^ v \ 168 answer: (n.) (reply) ^LZ,88; (v.) (the phone) ( T X + ^ l c ) Ti-/ ( t ; M l = ) tb-S , 190 answering machine: i>-tl£/CT A ^ / ^ - f l i X « : M , 190 anyone: tzM\ 4
T/ÈmVr, 240 avenue: ( ~ ) 51"fe" ij, 65,240 away from home, being: i - f , 205 baby: i ) ^ X ( f 7,106 baby carriage: tf—7(7—, 158
bag: .^ < .5,33; ^^"-y 7;" 37 balcony: y, m; bankruptcy: 51 7 if A, 191 b a r b e c u e : . ' a . —, 61; have a barbecue: / :3. — $ t'S>,61 baseball team: 1* 9 f- —A, 223 basketball player: ^
/-t^-7l/-lfAL
l*,27
bath: (fe')ÖX, eo bathroom: h /ƒ U, 159 be: (polite form) Z*5"v \ É -f, 159; (humble form) ti 9 i -f, I8I beach resort: t:~—f- • ij V"— h, 175 beard: Z/'lfj4i beat: tztzi, 64 beautiful: -)':>< L v \ 193 because of: ~ T , 108 become: t£i^ 70 beef: $"i* 7 I- <, 186 beep: (on an answering machine)
l ± o LAfeX, 190 before . . . : ~ É X./~"W", 76; ~ i xlc/~iri:,33 begin: (trans.) lil^iöi/'kè^
i,6o; (intr.) l i C i - S / i é i i>, i5i;to begin with: (±1:^6 | ; / # t ó | C , 188
beginning: l i Z i^y^T)^, 79; beginning level: L J: $ 1* 7,161 beloved, my; i)V N J; 7,141 beside: ^ I f Ic, 159 best, do one's: 5 i X l f l . , 5 i beverage: CO ^ 4 (7), 5 bicycle: C T A L A^, 65 biotechnology: . ' ^ ' / f ; f - 7 - 7 7 n ' y—, 110 bit,a: t z L/^J'-L,79 blood type: I f o X. $ Yc, 141 287
call m e . . . : ~
blog: 7 " D 7 ; I 4 I blowfish: >^ C, 201 boat: Z^U, 177 body: b^ h tz, 140 boll: (intr.) h <, I86; (trans.) bti^
-f, 186 Bon Festival dance:
IfAfe >f U,
4
bonus: /di'—tX, 201 bookshelf: ( ï A / c ' t . ' , 3 9
V
\
51
XLTitzi
111
call on: (for help) tz
Cappadocia: il-y^-^Y^ T, 79 care: -tf ^ , 140 care for: $ 1^ x^6/^\z
borrow: U 29 Xi, both: 5;-fe ^ii,') Xl\il/^ 139 11; both . . . and . . . : ~ 4 careful (of), be: fe rt; "7 v \-f 213 ~ 4,125; both of them: (referring to people) >^ tz') 51 4 / — carton: ^'^"y 7,247 case: (container) 'Ir —X, 201; A51t,27 (situation) I f V \ 227; if that is bottle: If L, 241 the case: ^Kti: fe, 151; in any boutique: 7 X A v 9,129 case: i ( i ) ) , 209; in that case: box:l±Z,37 box lunch: 9,38 boyfriend, my: -ti^K, 108 Brazil: y X i ^ / b , - ? break: (intr.) Z ^ 9 ^ . | > , 172 breakfast: fe J:'9 L J: < / * l ' f c , ' 219
breast: fe^,4i bridge: l± L, 124 bring up: (children) ^tzXi,2QA brown: fe ^ v \ -5,43 brush: M^{,?>o Buddha, large statue of: tz\Vi^o, 74
building: TcT tcO, 125 building manager: b'^L U \zL/ •/i^L 'J A, 226; building manager's office: 7 5 X ' j I c A L o / 7}XIJALo,226 built, be: T $ - S , 124 burnable: 4 X. 5,247 business: 9,208; ti'v^^X, 214; business productivity: $" J; 9 -tf ^ , 208
b u t . . . : I t 51", 141 button: -i^'^' Z236 by: - W • ? : l f l = , l 5 9 cabinet: t;4--y h,37 café: i j 7 cafeteria: L J: < 51" 9,188 cake shop: ^-^'<'/^-^M., 245
calendar: il
Vy9'-,\o
^
cello: ^ X D 141 certain . . . , a: i . ? ) ~ , 212 certainly: tz LTJMC, 193 certification: Lt)^i, 210 challenge: f - -i" U-y-/ 193; fe J: -7 -tf/./, 140 chance: $ TJH \ 70; chance at a perfect photo: ^ •'/ 9 —i>'X,193 change: (intr.) T^X-S, 124,
hti^-fi,
193; (trans.) ti^X
6,243; (clothes) $ ti^X. i , 60; (exchange: money) ti'-xi, 158; change jobs; T A L J: ( - f i , 107; changing jobs: T A L J: <, 107: for a change of mood: i
L\Z,221 chat; fe'L^f^^U * -fi>,w, chatting; fe'L'C'-^ U, 61 check; x.v 9 - f i , 105 check-in; 1^ x >y 7 >; 22 checkup; LA/c'A, 86 cheek; life',41 cheerful; ^J^S^-^V \ 4 i cheers: 7 5 X l f v \ 2 3 5
cheeseburger; i- — X^<—if—, 92; cheeseburger combo; f- — X".' < — if — • -b -y h, 92 cherry blossom; ^ < fe, 165; cherry blossom viewing; l i t i ' <^/?È^,91
chest; fe'^a,4l chicken (meat): 51 U |c <, 186 chief: f — 7 , 5 child, have a; C 51" 4 TJ^ 9 i
i,/^Y:%i^
^iidi,
107
Chinese (silk) dress; •ii'V' UX,139 choose; X.fe>i'\ 176 chop; $ 186 Christmas party; 7 'j X - ^ X - ' N ' ' f -f —, 91 city; L, 247; big city; 51 J^H \ 143; city lights; ^ I j v \ 143; within the city; L-tLH\, 175 civic/civil; L^L, 141 civil servant; Z -7 fe'v no clear up; (of weather) U ^ i , 203; clearing up (of trouble, etc.): VN L J; -7,246 clerk: T/fev X / , / J M , 19 click: 7 ' j 7 7 - f .5,143 -• client; 51 i J t A ^ ^ $ , 2 3 9 climb: CO I f .5»/-t^, 65 • clock in; L * L -f ^ B / t t i f i -f 151 close; ZÈ i,2]9 clothes; <, 93 cloud; < 4,124 dub: / 7 l / - 7 ° l 4 3 coach: 3 — f - , 2 2 3 coffee shop; 3 — t — -> 3 -y 7° 241 coin locker; C7 -f y o
come back: 4 51".5,77
^
come in: lix^i/X6,25 come on: (of electricity) o <, 242 come out: Ti>/iki>,54 come with: o <,37 coming to Japan: fevN|cfe/^ 0, 157 community center: 3 5 ^ —
7 j ^ - O L ^ / 7 ! 7 - F # T ± , 86
crime prevention: 13'-7 l±A, 243 cross: hfz h,23z crosswalk:fe9 /cXlï 51""9,240 crowded, become: Cfe',12 culture: sl'-Li"^, 140 cure: tcfe"-f,243
curtain: tl — y- y 231 company: ^ L \ ' / ~ % t , 20; customer: (polite form) feX ^ < company employee: L v N ^ i,56 A / ^ ± « , 13 cut: $ 6,186; (a bonus) il y V compare: < b'^'5,115; compared 6, 209 to...: < fe'NT,ii6 cute: 7 J X v N V \ 2 4 complete: -ft-Ü 6,239 cycling: - 9 - 9 'j y 7;"64 complexion: ^^fev^-S, 83 computer: 3 y t° ZL — —, 123; dancer: /y-9"—, 211 computer science: 3 y t°:! — dangerous: i).rX"v \ isi y_4^^xyx,iio dark: < fev\ii7 concern: L/Clfv ^ cX, 227 darling: C v ^IfY, 212 concerning: ~ | c - 9 V \ T , 43 data: - f " - : 7 , 8 8 condition: (physical) fe J: -9 L,89 date: -f'— h, 205; go on a date: congratulations: HiöX'Y. 9 ^'iï" • f " - h i -f 6,205 V N É -f; 108 day: U/B, 23; back in the old congregate: i^-ot 6,188 days: tJ-i^ L, 125; the day before connect (to): -tf o^" < -f 224 yesterday: •aYY\\ 152; day trip: connection: itAfe ^,92 m^X. U/S'Jf'j.TO; one day: considerably: "f v \ r X , 116 h6V^y^6B,2^2 consult: 9 t z h i r i , 11; con•decide: $ «s*-?), 91; be decided: sultation: 9 fzh, 11 i t 6, 241 consultant: ziy^fiX^^y h, no decrease: .f,, 124 consulting: ziy^D/y- A, y ^ j i i deep-fry: ^lf6,186 contact: (n.) fe <, 92; (v.) delete: ^ < L J : - f 2 2 4 KL fe < -f 5,92; contact infor- delight: /bcO L»^,93: be mation: KL fe < ^ 181 delighted: X6Z 132 continue with: o-ji'lt 5,, 10s delivered, be: YY'i, 137 contract, can get a: L C' Y. ii^ Y depart: L Ifo-f 5/tH^-t K6/\mi)' YK6,209 6,176; departing ...: ~ l ± o / convenience: (C") o C' 9,160 175; departure: L rt o l±° conversation: 104 o / d i ^ , 176 . . conveyor-belt sushi restaurant: department: (in a company) • \^XL-fL,221 ~.i"/~nP, 5i; department cook: (intr) I- X. 6,186; (trans.) manager: fe J: -7 /aP-ft, 63 \Zi,, 186 depending on: ~ lc J; o T, 247 cookie: 7 -y +—, 11 deposit into a bank account, cool: i"-f Lv \ 118 make a direct: .i^ 'j 3fe",158 cough: -tf$,89 design: -f-f A y 129. countryside: v X'^^^, 210 desk; 9,39 cover (with): ^ \ r X , 193 dessert: -r'-^f— h, 5 cram school: L 1* <, lie destroyed, be: ^^6tf6,2^2 cramped: -If i v \ 124 determined, be: ^ t 6,247 creditcard: 9 F, development: TJH Mio, 13 25; credit card company: f]'— F diaperfe'fe'o,159 — b y
7-66
diary: lc-p $,231 die: Ltó,53
diet: 9/ x-y h,63 different: t,i!^j,63 dining room: L J: < 51"'-7,188 dinner; 1 ML/9 ML, 185; 1^ 9 L J; < yy^, 188 dinnerparty: L J; < L T ^ H N Z - t : •^,91
dip (food) in (sauce etc.); o It 6, 187
diplomat: \ Z -7 TJX, 110 directly:feJ;. < -tf 0 , 2 3 8 directory; (in a building) hL'^'iX^ ML, 240 dirty; $ TC'J'V \ 124 disappear; (of inanimate object) •tl." < •^X, 124; (of animate object);
{ ^^"5,212
disappointed, be; ;J''"o i}'- 'j -f .5, 172
disease; If k l i, 118 dish; ( f e ) i?fe,10 . dislike: $ fev\ ('i."),ii7 display; X ' f X 7° U^f, 25 district; ~fe J: •? 46,111 divide; ^ l t l . / : 9 ' l t l . , 2 4 7
diving: /•'f If" y 7164 divorce; 'j 3 L, 107; get divorced: ')ZL-f6,\oi
do; ^ . 1 . , 111; (humbleform) v ^fz L i -f, 188 document; L i:-6 x \ 37; document envelope; L J; v \ < .^,39
doing away with; \ L J; -7,246 double: Ifv Xfë, 201: be doubled; IfvMC •'•£6y\%\Z -5,208 download: 7 " " ' > y D — F^l".5,218 dramatically; $rt»9 l - / , f t l - , 125 .
draw: 'b'^
{,64,211
dream: f$
drinking party; (D^ii^x ^y-^^ ^,91
drive: (n.) F-x ^f 7^61; (v.) n L T L-f h, 213; driving: •) A T L, 213; go for a drive: F" 7 ^ 7" *
-t-5,61
drop:.fe'5i-f, 86 due to; ~lcJ: -pT, 247 during; ~ fe rt) •) y ' ~ ' t ' ,
77
feeling; $ 4fe,127 Düsseldorf: -y-^/l F /IV, 93 ever (since): •ƒ"-:> 51,104 female; L J; -tfv \ 112 every: É v # ~ ; every duties: $ LtJ, loi; on duty (In): fever, develop a: i l o $• fi-f/ month: É V N O $ / # ^ , 6 2 ; ~ $ Afe, 101 every year: i v \ 51 L / ^ ^ , 122 fX-^i tij-t,244 few; -f < •'•£\^/^p-f£X\9 each: ^ifr), n everyone: <^Att", 85; (polite field: l±/clf 124 form) ^-^L'ifA, 91 ear: field trip; If A^^^" < / ^ # , I5i everywhere: 51"C 4,12 early: (i^v\,5i finally; 51,42 exactly:feJ; 7 51", 76 Earth:fe$ * 7,212 exam: L If h, 107; take an exam: find, be able to: ^ O T J ^ ^ / ^ O earthquake: LL/fe, I68 75^^42 7 If'5,107 easily, not: ^£i)^-f'£-h^ '-^'^IH \ 143 ' Ulht fine; fz^^t x 7 (•tt'),90 example: itv N / # I J , 5 east: t/7}i\^. 62 ished: -ft}, 185 exclusive use: ^hXl 235 economics: It^ ^i'v \ 110 first: [i\:^X,43; (n.) fail:fefe^S»,172 fitting room; Lfe^ < L o, 25 fairly: t£•/]•-•>£143 feXij/|f-49ij,i56;theendof fix; tc fe' , 243 the month: If o i o / . ^ j)?., 156 fall: (n.) (season) h i, m; (v.) flame: U/K 243 end-of-the-year party: (f7 Uh fe 5,213; (of prices etc.) ^ i' i/fb^6,208; (of rain, snow) flexible; ^l9fe75H\228 75HN/'(f9 ^aA#,9i flow; t£-i^'K6,129 .ï>5, 183 energetic: \1 hi {'''£), 4\ engaged, get: C h^ { -f 6,107; family: (someone else's) C"^^-?" <, flu, the; /f y77l/xy+p;89 fly: 51vi", 204 8 engagement: C hK' (, 107 fan heater: 7 r y t — 9 —,2A3 folding/fold-up;fe''j fztzhA^ English conversation: X.v^^n N fantastic: -f If fe L v \ 79; "f C" food; /c'<4cO, 13 h, 104 food fair: 7 - F7xT,77 V \ 201 enjoy: fz,25: enter -^felfB school: IC* 7 75M t ' l ' / X ^ fare: ') X l i h, 176 farewell party: ^7 '<-07jn N / forbidden, it is; vMft.-v\ 221 -f i>, 107 force oneself;fe'U i" 6,83 ^ 7 '<0'è-, 91 enterprise: $ $" J: 7,214 forehead; Z/TCV \41 entrance exams, taking: llfpiih, fashionable, be: IcAè-^^' t, foreign country: •ti'x N Z < / f V ^ , 6/K%-b^ * ' 5 , 3 ; fashion109; studying for entrance exams: able part of town: 7 r -y '> 3 22 C r t l f A ^ - ^ è X 7,109 foreign student; 'j * 7 '5'' < -tf v \ y x ' j T , 129 environment: J; 7,193 2 0 3 fast: l±^v\20 errands: J; j i:/ffl^,70 fat: (used in cooking) h-y-fe,I86 foreigner; TJ^'V \ Z < L; A/^'Ml especially: Y < l c / # | c , 143 father: fefefe^/^SI, 143 evening: t^ 7 -h^fz/y^.ii,; ,1 A, 22 fatty tuna: feX' h a, 227 (iX, J ; 5 / ^ , 7 6 forest; 4 'j, 124 favorite, my; ^v \ J; 7,141 forget; h-fil6,33 evening sun: lii) 7 U/y B, 139
format: L Jt L 224 forward: (position in a game)
It5,158
give asked-for advice; -t 7 tzL
7 * 7 - K m
1= <0.|>,165
four seasons, tlie: L 28 fragrance: ^J^fe <), 139; be fragrant: yi--Ü tj 7i< -fi^ frame: 7 A,43 free: (does not cost money) iJ 'J x 1,159; (unrestricted) C tj) 7,188 freeway: Z 7 < YT^ 6,213 freeze: (of computer) 7 'j —X" -f 224 trench fry: 7 7 ^ Vif-f- h, 37 friend: t* 7 L L/1SLK, 133 frightening: C \ 79 frontentrance: L Jt 7 * i A l f X '^•'A, 240 fruit and vegetable dealer: -^fe^ X ^ ^ W M , 129
fund manager: 7 r > F^^- — •y -t» —, 214 funds: L $ A, 214 furnished :!^^ {'-o $ cO, 93 gain weight: o> Y 5,221 garbled, become: 4 L If (f-f-5, 224
give back; T^X-f, iss give birth to: 7 f e ' / 4 f e ' , 2 i o giving directions: fe A ^ H \ 236
glad: 7 ^ Lv \ 172 glass; 7 X X, 37; one glass; v ^ \t\ \ 209 glasses; iö-d^U,39 glide around; •t<6,143 gloomy: ) i-f, 181
go around; È h6y'^6,65 goby; 51feij "t$X,241 go back; è 5lX, 77 go down; (intr.) (of prices) if 5^^'5 /T'^^'.?., 208; (trans.) (a hill etc.) < / • c 5 / T - l . , 2 4 i
go in: livN^/X-i., 25 going home; ^ X "j / D f ij, 70 go out: (leave) T^^Mt^S/ttlT)^ It 5 , 1 4 3 ; (of electricity): i x 5 , 242
garden: Tv X A , 175 go past: Yti ') t 6,24i gardening: tf—r—y 9']x7 goto; ( ~ l c ) T ^ / ( ~ | c ) t ü gas station: T!?" V 'j y X y F 124 5 , 9 2 gather: (intr) ^':>t6,188; goto bed; fii>, eo (trans.) Aoa^ 5 , 2 4 7 ; gathering go under; (go bankrupt) 51 7 if place: 5^HN C J: 7,157 A - f 5,191 gaudy: l±T ( t t ' ) , 2 4 go up; (climb) ;^'>^if^ , 7 0 geared toward: ~ It, 13 gourmet; 175 general affairs: -f 7 t/", no grade; H+v ^-tf $ , 2 0 8 general area: t> tz 'j, 33; in the gen- gradually: tzLtzh, 127 eral area of, ~ C 0 tz 'j \z, 33 graduate:-^-oj'j: 7 - ^ . 5 , 1 0 1 ; gentle: -^^ if L v \ 41 graduation: ^ o j ' j ; 7,101 get: Y 6,33; (a virus): ^^X-tf A grandfather: (one's own) ^.l^, 26; "t'.5>,224
get better: (of injury, disease) -4' fe i>, 242 get done; T $ i>, 88 getto know: L 'J 7,108 get up:fe'$ .5, eo girlfriend: if—lVy Vy F,79; my girlfriend: ^^«9 C J : , 2 i 9 give; (flowers)fe'< 5 , 1 6 7 ; give to (someone) to look after: ^-f
guide; iiA'i'v ^-f-5,56 guidebook; t7'4 F7"-y 7,103 hair; t/^^ (Wlt),4i half: l i A o X / ^ ^ \ 2 0 8 half a year; (i A 51 L / ^ ^ , 112 hand over; h tz-f, 238 hangover: « ^ O T J X V \ 8 9 happy; 7 ^ Lv \ 172 hard; / c V \ - x A ( ' J L 0 , 6 2 hard; (of surface) T^YCV \ 24 hard time, have a; Z i -5,168 have; 51 5,157 Hawaii: • ' ^ 7 ^ , 123 hay fever: 5^\^AL J: 7,89 he; -i^il, los head to; tjti^-j, i s s health; ItAC 7,86; health checkup; I t A Z 7 LA/cA,86 hear, be able to; $ C x. - 5 / ^ 1 C X..5,168
heavy:fe'4 v \ 24 heed: fe 7 v \ 213 height; / c J ^ i f / S i f , 193; (of person) -tf, 19 help; (n.) (fe')To/-i\ N, 137; (v.) (humble form): fe'To o-f .z,, 187; be a help: fz-fb^i, i65 her; /^NC;^
j. 219
here; Cfefe,12 heritage site; v N i f A, 174 high; /CTJH \/ift>, \ 19 hill; i f 240 him: ï J X , 108 hmm
. . . ; i>60 -7,19;
51,42
hobby: L tj; 143 homesick, get: t-s —A >- 7 |c '^^'J^-5,212
homestay; -ti —AXx^f, 101 homework; L rt < /c'v \ is5 hope; ia-i]^\ \ 92 host family; rhX H 7 r S 'j —,
(someone else's)fe'F v N if A , 26 127 grandmother (one's own); "iii, 26; hot-air balloon; S $rt)7 , 7 9 (someone else's) fe'liX if A, 26 hot chocolate; 3 r? T, 221 Greece; ^' V -> 139 hot water; (fe')lt>, ise green; ^ 51" 'J, 124 house; v \ x., 124; the entire green tea; i r>t>^, 74 house, throughout the house; group; X l — 7 ° i 4 3 V X i: rt) 7 , 1 0 6 grove; ii^ L, 124 housewife; L rt) 129 grow;
however: L TJ^ L, 193 huh?: X . X o , 2 3 5
tLC/kM,
h u m a n resources:
m"
irritating: 7 5 i5v \ I68 issue: 7 c " f / t i s i " , 88; be issued: T5/l±3'S,20i item for sale: L J; 7 U L, 33
hurry: \
< ' / A {', 167; in a
hurry: v N
o T / A - v \ T , 23i
I: ( i n f o r m a l ; used by m e n a n d boys): I f <,63 ice hockey: T
if:
X
-y
173
5;""-} TJ^ 165; ^tz fe, I8i; t
^iltc
L,204; ~ I f , 218; if so: 151: if you w o u l d like: J ;
fe,
o 7c fe,
165; if possible: T $ H l f , 246 illness: If l l
i , ii8
i m p o r t a n t : Tc v ^ C ( 4 - ) (^j,-),83; / c O - ( f o ( 4 - ) , 173 impossible: fe U ( ^ " ) , 83' impression: - i X - ^ 9,161
Japanese drum: htzx ^ Z, 64 Japanese-style food: hL X <,219 Japanese-style room: hL'^, 138 jetlag: L if I f I t , 89 job assignment: $ A f e ' , 101
job, get a: Lrt)7 L J; <-t 6,107; getting a job: L rt 7 L J: <,107 junior high school: fe rt) 7 -^^X / junior staff: ö'T^XtPT, 26 just: ~7^clt,2i8; fe J: 7 51'",76; just as . . . : ~ ! l " f e ' U, 246; just as it is/was: ~ W É É,125 just now: if o $ , 40 just right: fe J: 7 ^i" VN\.\229 karaoke: 7) 7 ^ T, 60 karate: 7 5 X T / S ^ , 6 4
'5,124
inform: L
fe-tf^,
injury: I t ' i ' S 89 in-line skating:' -f V x ^
^ X
T — h, 143 input: l : yp
let o u t : 7c" 1 - / 1 ^ - ^ , 2 4 2 lever: lid:
.^7c,
X < - f i , 224
insect: fe' L, 212
lifetime sport: 7
•^'ib^/'^jz;
inside,the: l
fe/rt,
be inside:
1
11
%b^b/
1*1#J, 226 install: -i ^ X
h-7Pt.5.,224
instance: l ± ' i > v \ 2 2 7 instant noodles: i j -y 7°
rt
interest: $ J: 7
143 176
light: (adj.) ( l i g h t w e i g h t ) : -h^h^^,
24;
international relations: C < ^ v ^
75Xltv\iio interpreter: o
-7 ^ <,2io
126 invest: Y. 1 L - f i , 214; investing:
Y
7 L,214 fe'^^,
54
invitation: ( f e ' ) i? - t v \ 160; invite: i5-?-7,i60
C112; later on:
line: (queue) ^ ' : > , 143; (mark) -If L, 2 3 6 ; o n e line: v N fe ^ - 0 / —
1
8
line up:
8
fe
. v , 129
list: Ij X h, 8
«rX^J^" <, 110 \ 9; a little:
L , 79, (polite form)
1-C L r - : 5 X / L 1 ^ " - o , - l 2 9 live: < fe1", 210 lock: (become locked)
long:
-^xb^x \ / - f t : V
been long t i m e :
look for:
-/j^i'-Zi^ \,
24;
t'5.,61
law: I J 7 U o , n o learn: fe'lf X . 5 , 2 2 3 leather: 39 leave: (separate from) l±'4'tL i>, 127; leave (something somewhere): fe'v N T < .5,221; leave
it has
i f L >i' 'j
101 i f fi'-f, 4o
look into: L
fe'<-5,54
lose: (mislay) fe' Y. -f, 8 6 , t£ < -f, 135; (fail in a match) i
I t -?>, 172
loss, be at a: i J ; 7 , 1 6 5 lost, get: < ^ f e l -
i J :
-7,212
lot, a:
fe'fevN/^v\9 lottery: TCTSX < i : , 2 0 4 V \, 2 4
lunch: fe rt) 7 t
J; < / S - f c , I88;
ferA5/fe&,22i
•
mailbox: (at h o m e ) yp n XfL
laundry: -I+ATC < , 6 i ; do laundry: -tfA7^c< ^
X^,139;
like very much: fix ^ 1 " $ (^lO, 13
l o w : CA <
Z'/-
156 F,2i4
interval of, after an . . . : ~ > ï ' U,
investigate: L
landscape: . ^ 7 l t v \ 2 i i largest amount: if >. N Z 9 TJ'' <, 214 last, the: if v ^ C", 156; the last ten days of the month: i f L rt> L / T Lrt)A , 156 last night: 1 <, 122 late, be: fe' < ^5,172; being late: fe 3 < , 23o; getting up late:
later: *> Y XVIkT, 3; ~
-S, 176
Internet, t h e : • i y 9 - ^ - ' y
y A V, 2 4 3
(n.)
L J; -7 L J; 7,40; little by little:
I f 7 , 172
interest, have a n ; $ J: 7
7 X f " - 7,
143
( T t ) , inside:
236
life: -t+VNT^^-o, 143
•f Z
key holder: + — r h 7 l / / — , 10 kimono: $ t 21 kind: (adj.) (of personality): ^ if L V \ 41; (n.) Lrt>.5 V \ 247 kiosk: l f v N T A / ^ ; 5 , 1 2 0 knee: U if", 41
-fi.&B
138
U,i53
little: 1 - < 4 H V>~-^£X
key card: T!?— F + —,226
91
injured, get: I t ^ ^ X
<
-y X > , 5
literature:
inconvenient: o ^ ' ^ A C'^c), 124
XA#,
yp-o
like: $ 1 = V N . 5 / ^ l c
t ^ , 105
including ; . . : ~ o $ , 93
increase: >^X.
VN/C 7 leisurely: lesson:
h u m o r : ^ — ^ r T , 161
h-fKi.in 3 7 xf^jb'-
b e h i n d : (forget) lecture presentation:
7
I f 2 2 6 ; (public) / t ° X h , 2 3 7 main street: 7
y x
h U — h, 129
maintenance: 7 > ' T 9 - y X , 9 2 make a p h o n e call:
X'Lhi
make it (on t i m e ) : É 1^ *
•) / F ^
lc-ê'7,132 make-up: ( f e ' ) i t
t X 1,105;
make up (one's face): (ti) I t L X1 i -f6,W5 management: I t ^ X . v \ no mania: v —T, 193 many: (of things) ti ti x v\ 9; (of people): titi-\£\ V A - t f " V \ 193; many times: ti: L Yl 4
/¥i)^t, 190 mark: T — 7,40 market: x'^i^ii.se marketing :'7 — ' ! r - r y ^ ' . m married, get: I t -^^ 3 A t i>, 107 massage: v >y -f^ —y; 219 mat: v -y h, 51 material: tzX^-^^ \ 193
mathematics: j i^i, 110 matter: C 51,140 may: ^b^t LK± -tf A , I81 maybe: — T L J: -7,83 McDonald's: v -y 7,92 me: (informal; used by men and boys): I f < , 6 3 mean: x'-thi (•40,41 meat: I- <, 171 medical science: v <, no medium (size): M-tf ^ X', 25 meet:- ti-ó^Xi, 56 meet: (by chance) TS) -7 / tb •#7,140; go to meet: fe-^X IC v ^ < / ^ ; ; * X l c # < , 5 6 , (humble form) fejiXlc i v N I j t -r, 181 • member: / y^^"—, 132 membership dues: b'^x^U, 223 memorize: felfX'2>,223 memory: ti i x^T/^x^^, 127 merchandise management: L J; 7 ULb'L'j.m message: / -y t^ —V7 190 meteorite: v \A-tf $,212 meter: / — h 71/, 155 Mexico: 7 + v r?, 136 middle: •4''JX't', 78; around the middle: ^ ' ^ J ^ c X / t - 6 , 156; the middle ten days of the month; fe 7 L tJ) A / L * A, 156 might : ~ ' J X L ^ i - t f A , I81 might it be?; - - T L J: 9 t)\33 mild-mannered: tiYtiLx\ 41 milk; S'tp -7 1-1* 7,247 minutes, in a few; 4 7 - f <•", 76
mistake; i fe^^'X. !>, 172 model; ^ - f J l , 27 modern: ^ r / y (ti), 129 moment ago, only a; if $, 40 month: - ' : > $ / ^ , 58 more: i> Y.,^9 more than .. .; ~ v ^ L J: 7,159 more than that; - ï ^ J : ' j , 2 i 8 morning: i ) if / $ ^ , 76; during the morning; C'-tf/Cfe rt 7 / ' f - I f i ^ , 77; morning sun; h if t A / ^ ^ H, 193; this morning; I t if, 40; one morning; i f / * ) 5 * ^ , 212 mountain; H^i / i h , 64; mountain climbing: ^ i (7)|f i j / J j <0(fU,64; 51if~X,193 mouse pad; v > X ^ -y F, 10 mouth; < fe/c3,41 move: (trans.) -7 Z'ti'-i'/ti-d^ •f, i4o; (intr) -7 3' < / # <, i4i; (from one home to another) U -> 3 -f, 107; moving (from one home to another); tA-^p 3 L,93 movement: -7 A 51"-7,193 mug; v ^ X >y 7° 10 music, piece of: $ J; <, 143 must; ~ 4 - l t ^ l ± ' 4- fetcv \ 235 mustache: f/'lf)4i
niece: (one's own) it>\ \ 26; (someone else's) 46v ^ C'if A , 26 night: I I X , J; 5 / ^ , 76; stay of one night: v \ ( f < / 1 )ö, I60 no good; /c'
nose; 114", 41 nostalgic 4"o;J^ L v \ 101 not good: J; < * 'j i.-lf/fe,83 notice: $ o < / < , 212 notice of attempted delivery: >^ if'V.^O-7 fe,226 ;, , not(hing) in particular; 51 < | c / #1: \227 nowhere: 51" C 4 , 3 number: 75X^ 203; number one: vXllX,8 ., nurse; i^hZ L, 110 nursing room; L rt I- rt) 7 L o , 158 nylon: 9"^ D V, 39 observation; 5^^Aif 0 ^ 140; observe: T ^ X i f o - f -5,140 occasionally; fz i lc, 58
occur: t i i i>, 212 odd; fe'jJ^ L V \ 225; - ^ A (4.0,230 of course; 4 fe A , 108 office: L fe' L J;; 93; L fe' L o , 133 oh, I see; i^S), 19 oh, really?: - ^ X , 51 oil; i o X , 186 . . oil; t . ' f ll, 186 neighborhood; $ A L J:, 129 nephew: (one's own) fe v \ 26; okay; fzX ^ L J; -7 vï"^ (4.0,90 (someone else's) fe v ^ C' if /C, 26 omelet, Japanese-style: (floury and containing vegetables, and meat never mind: v H \ T - t ' , 25 or seafood) tiZ(DJi-^i,iAnew: L A ~ / # ; T ~ , 33; new one way or another; 4 . X 51 f}^/ things: l i L<>6TC0 3 Y./i^ -fpf 51 fl\ 141 iö-X
next-door neighbor: 514' ' j <^ 5 1 / A , 26 , next time; C A 5lV'7^,S, 38 nickname; — -y 7 A, 141
fe <, i ) I t 5,224; (of business); iï — y°y'fi>, 129; open up; h
opportunity: i-i^x\ 70 opposite: !±A/cV \ 229; opposite side: l±A/:V^z5X,229 orchestra: t — T X h 7,132 other day, the: -1+ A C o , 143 outside: ^t/^h, uo overdo it: tJ ') i -f i>, 83 overseas: J^H \ 13 oversleep: Hiïl ir6,172 overtime work: i5"X$""j; 7 , 6 3 ; do overtime work: i5"/C$""j; 7 1-^,63
package: / ^° -y — v; 33; (tour package) -fe -y h, 175; (item sent in the mail) lc t 0 , 2 1 9 paint: <, 211 painter: b^-ó^ 210 paper: 7 ) ^ ^ 3 3 ; J: 7 L,225
paper bag: b^^^Z' < -5,33 parents (one's own) U J: 7 L A / i ^ l l , 26; (someone else's) C'lj J; 7 L A / ' Z ' " j ^ i | „ 2 6
parking space/spot: t, i1> l L f
C
J; 7,183
parking ticket: %ip 1 L'i:- UL, 159 participant: if Li^ L ^, 189 participate: if Lb^-fi>,i9 pass: (an exam) C* i-/i^ {-f i,, 172; (go over: railroad tracks) Y a i , 241; (of time) - f -5,76; passing an exam 7 < , 172 passenger: C J; 7 $ »f <, 229 passport: ^7 h, 204 password: ^ "^"X 7 — F, 237 past: (the hour) '--f^"', 76 patch: (of land) l l T c I t , 124 pay: 11fe7,137; payment: (fe)
LllfeV\25 pedestrian bridge: l i ' i f j $ J: 7 , 240
people: UK f z t , / A fciy, 70; UYU'il/AUY,]93; people at the office: 7}H^ L^cO tA A , 11 pepper: 3 L J: 7,186 per: ~ l - , 51 percent: ^ — b y h,208 perfume: 3 •? -fv \ 139 period: (in history) C /c \ \ 193 perishables: 4' É 4 < 7 ) / i 4 <7), 159 person: (polite form) ii^tz/19
personal history: It^ 112 pet: -^'y h, 159 physics: . i ' o ij, no pick up: ÏA-?! 7,120 place of interest: ^ L i , i76 plain: (of color) L (4"), 24 plan: J: T ^ X - T - : t , 77; as planned: J; TV N i l - ' f e ' j / ^ : ^ 5:"feij,246
planning: Oi^i, 110; planning calendar XXx^U l 7 /-f-^^: J; 7,157; planning meeting: 7 fei^^-tf/^Tfe-ê-^^Xisi plastic: 7°-7 X f- -y 7,39; plastic bottle: -< -y h -1^" h / k 247 play: (an instrument) CA <, 64; (drums) fztz {, 64 player: (on a sports team) -if A L Il>,27
pleased, be: J; -5 3 >ï", 132 police officer: Itv ^fi^L, 110 pond: V N|t, 124 popular, be: I^A^TJ^' i ) i > / A hi,3 population: ZLZ 1 / A ^ , 202 pork: .r^Tcl- <, 186 Portugal: t ' / l h i/Jl, 7 position: ^h°y i> 3 > ; 111 possible, if: T $ ^ ( f , 2 4 6 pot: i£<, 74; meal cooked in a pot m '
at the table: t£'< ij j ; 9 ij,74 practice:
ilLLrp
7,132
precious: tzx \ C (40 (40,83 pregnant, become: Z Y'tb^
ii/^Y'iti^
T"
T i i , m
profits: 9 'J * . l f / ^ U - t i f , 201 programmer:. 7 ° t 3 ^ y"^—, 110 project: 7°D v x 7 h,5 prolonged, be:
properly: fe 'C'A51,141 public relations: C 9 (Ï 9,110 pull: U {,237 push:fe'-f,213 put: fe <, 221; (sauce etc. on food): o I t .5., 187 put on: (clothes) $ i / ^ i , 9; (a hat) fi'^Zyi , 36; (a necktie) ( f - 7 7 ^ $ ) - r 5 , 3 6 ; (glasses):
ïJMt !>, 119; (music) -^Mt , 214 put out: (trash) f z - f / ^ - f , 247 qualification: L-^^ <, 210 qualified, get: L < ^ Y i , 210 question: ti LfzX \ I68; that is a good question: 9 T t ^ X.,211
quickly: 1 1 ^ <, early,83 quit: ^ A 6 5 , 2 7
quite a bit: fzx ^,1', 116 railroad crossing: >^<^ $ 'J, 240 rain: S J ^ / S , 9; it does not rain much: ^iöi^ <-fx^^/m' l}'-4n \ 9; it rains a lot: iyi^fi^ fe'fe^^/ffi;^^" ^ v \ , 9 ramen noodles: y — / y , 236 . ready, get (something): J; 9 v t 5/ffl*t^,181
realized, be: L o l t X t - S , 193 preliminary inspection: L fz 157 really?: X. -3,42 preparation: t LU', se; do prep- reboot: if v X 51" 9 1 5 , 2 2 4 arations CtpLU't: 'ti,56 receipt: !/•>— h, 159 prepare: J: 7 v ' - f i / m M t i , receive: 9 It-S, 107; (humble form) 181 x^tzfz{, 151; (e-mail etc elecpresident: (of a country) tzX "> 51 tronically) L rt) L A t 5, 224 7 'J J; 7,210 recently: if v X A , 3 press:feX,213 recipe: U -> t", 27 primary school: L J: 7 f>^-o Z 9 record: 6 < feXt^, i9o; 106 recording i
< ^ L v \
172; regrettably:
YiZ, 193 (^/Cl/'j-fi.er,
^/C4relax:
i f X
C
') y y
ous) ^.A-tfA ( 4 ' ) , 214
7 X t 5 , 7 5 rent:
safe: (n.) (storage box for money) iLZ,37; (adj.) (not hazard-
rental car; U V
-
sales and marketing; X. v \
y , 175; rental shop: U > ' 7 7 l /
#
reporter: $ L ^ , los
liLirpj
researcher:
L
129
L , ss
rest area: $ rt) 7 I f v ^ C J : , i s s retire: TCV X
J: ( - f i , 107; retir-
ing: TcV N L J: < , 107 rice ball:
felcj'ij,
13
rice cooker: - f v M ± A $ , 243 rice paddy:
fzLH/m/iii, Üti-ó^'U t
rich, t h e filthy: right?: ~ T L
J: 9 , S 3
right, t h a t is: right away;
9
x^tii^
7,42 fe/-^"'^' fe, 33
right in f r o n t o f one;
S CT)
124 fe, 210
i6
BU, 237
right n o w ; (polite f o r m ) fz 7c v \ i , 190
right side;
^ i'b
235
right there; (close t o one) -f <', 241 rise: * , 7 j < 5 / _ h i « < 5 , 2 0 8 risk:
screen; X 7 9 - >, 29; i*^'a6A, 237 search fon i f ^''"-f, 40 seashell; /^n \;^^'fe, 139 seashore; ^i^h^ 214 seaside: -7 .^'^,214 season; v — X ' y , 193 seat; -tf 40 section chief; b^t, t 1 /M^k, isi section: J J X M , 7O security guard: 7!7"'— F v y, 240 security light: i ï i l i h y ^ h, 243 see, can; <^X 5 / l , X ' 5 , ies see (someone) off: fe' < U Ic \, ^
9X7,214
river; : i ^ X / , ' l l , 124 r o a d ; < ^ f e , 119; il*"-) .z,, 124 roast; (intr.) ^ I t 5 , i s e ; (trans.) ^<,186
robber: 5 l X ( f 7 , i 9 i Romania: 7 l / — v — T , 7 roof:-^^,237
ljlXt<,43
sell; "7 H 5 / ^ ^ 5 , 2 0 i send; fe' < 5,43; /c-f/tfa-t, s s ; (e-mail etc electronically); ^ 7 L A-f 5 , 2 2 4 ; send e-mail; 7-71/-f-5,91 senior high school; C 9 3 -7 / Sfé, 105
r u n ; 11 L 5>, es; (of car), 231
separate; * o l t - 5 / : ^ ^ l t - 5 , 2 4 7 serious; (of personality) i t J6(4',) 41; (of illness) fe't>.\,i9i; serious-mindedness: i C 46 i f , 192 service: -tf--t:'y,22 set; (configure) -If o T v ^-f -5, 224; (a timer): - b y h-f 5,243
runny nose; I 1 4 . ' ( < ^ - f ) , S9
set out: T^Mf 5 / t è ! ! ^ M t 5 ,
roof garden;
< t J; 7
219
room; ^ ^ / $ | 3 M , 4 r o u g h ; fzX^^h
(4'),92
r o u n d t r i p : fe' 7 ö^ < , 176
rural area: v ^•4':^§^ 210
J:,
143
Russia; D - > T , 7
setting(s);-tf-5Tv\224
sack; . ^ < •5,33
several; v \ < 33 shake; t ^ ^ 5 , 2 4 3 she; ^^(D C J:,219
sad:
-ó^fc Lx\ m
~ l i 9 f)^' v ^v \
83; should n o t . . . : ~ 4 . • v ^
$ , 201
< / f e <
<
L'JH \24 should . . . ; ~ 7 c
salesperson: XLx ^ L X l ^ M , is salt; Lfe',186 same; t i t c C, 25 save; (a file) IJ-?"A-f 5,224 scarf; v 7 -7 —, 39 schedule; X X ^ \ 11; assz\\&6uled J:Tv^51'•felJ/•f^51'"fe IJ,246
110
residential area: L rt ? 7c < fe,
response:
j; 9
sales trends; -7 Ht^) $ / ^ ^
repeatedly: 7c t / f z t f , 225
\ 124
short; ( l o w t o t h e g r o u n d )
V \ 24; ( n o t having m u c h length)
110
y 7°, 29
^ t
street: L J: -7 T Li^x
± If; 201
174; rental
car o p t i o n : U V ^ T ! / — • 7 ° v
'> 3
shopping;
salary: $ rt) U J; 208 sales amount: j ') hlf/^')
'J 5 , 2 9
shirt: -> + 7 , 3 7 shoe; < - o , 9
{i
\ ^ \ \ S3
s h o w (someone) a r o u n d ; i > A - 4 VX5.,56 shower: v + 7 — , eo shut d o w n : L rt) •) 'J J: 9 " f 5 , 224
s h u t t l e bus; i> -t' h 7l// < X , 75 siblings; (one's o w n ) $ J: 9 7c"v \ 26; ( s o m e o n e else's) C $ j ; 9 Tc'VN, 26
sick of, be: $ fev ^ ( 4 ' ) , 117
side; - T J X / ' - W , 22e sightseeing; J ^ X Z -7,175; sightseeing w i t h i n t h e city: L tcx A -
9 , 175
simple: i ' ^ L f z L ( 4 . ' ) , 22; - > y 7°7|x ( 4 - ) , 24 s i n g : -7 7c 9 , 6 0 Singapore; ->y7;7""7f;—71/, 62 sink; (into w a t e r ) L - f fe', 139 sit; t
^ 5 , 3 6
situation; f
9 - f , 213
size: -tf-zf X", 19 skate; - f < i , 143; s k a t i n g ;
X'>--Ki43 sketchy; i > sky; - t
L v ^, 225 fe/S,203
sleep; ^ a f e ' - 5 , 2 0 9 sleeplessness: ^ l o X < , 8 9 sleepy: ^ fe' v \ 89 slim, get: ^ - t f .5,219 slope; i f ii^, 240 slowly; 1$ o smalk
< I j , 153
fevNif
(4')
(^^.)^42
smell; (v.) (smell g o o d ) - ^ X ' U • t -I), 139; (n.) i c f e v M s ? ; (fragrance) T ^ X ' U, 139 smoked salmon; X ^ r — 7 -ff— ^ > , l i s m o k i n g area; $ o x . A C j ; , i s s smoking lounge; $ o x . A L sneeze; < L ^
133
89
s n o w b o a r d i n g ; X 7 —/"tC— K, 6 4
295
subdued: (of color) L ^ ( 4 0 , 2 4 subject matter: / c V ^ i " o , 193 42 suburbs; 3 -7 JJ^'V \ 27 soft: ^ ^ b ' J ' V \ 2 4 such . . . as this: 3 A4.', 218 software: V 7 h, 218 suddenly: $ rt* 9 \z/&lz, 125; sold out: 9 Ij $ tL, 25 51-5-IfX, 212 somehow: 4 % !1 'JX'fif 51 f}^, 141 sufficient, be: fz') 5, someone: /c4l'5^4 238 sometime: x'^'oii^iA suit: X — 7 , 6 0 somewhere: 51" C TJ'", 3 suitcase: X — ' y ) " — X , 3 7 song: l tz,6o; i i. <, 143 superior; L J; 9 L, 26 south: < ^ 4 " < ^ / i ^ , 176 supermarket, large; Utib'^fz soy sauce: (fe) L J: 9 tJi, 186 soccer player: -ff-yTj/—-t+AL rt,
spacious: tA-^v \ 22 Spain: X-
spectacular:-tlfb L v \ 7 9 speech: X b°—f-, 173 • spend (time): "f C"-t, 140 spring: (season) ll-S, 117 stall: Itx^i:L/%JS,no start: l± I:tó5/Aé*5)'5,60 start up: (a computer) $ 51" 9 t i>, 224 starting now: • 3 fe, 5i station building: X $ If 7 b / i R If 7b, 124; in front of the station: i x/ÏR|fr,i60 stature: -If, 19 stay overnight: Y H , 135 stiff: •/I'-tzX \22& • stir-fry: \ ^fzihi>, I86 stock prices: 7J\b"75^ 208 stop; 51 É 5,229 stop off; J; 5), 60 story; ii
X — 1 2 4
surprised, be; fe 51"^ <, 172;. If-o < Ijt5,173 sushi; (fe) -f 1,13 suspicious: i ) - ^ Lv \ 225
sway; ypKi>,243 sweetheart: CvX"51,2i2 swim: fe J; C", 53 switch; X ^ y f-, 243 symbolize; L J; 9fe>J: 9 ' t ^ , 129
system notebook: '> X x A TfeJ:9,43 systems department: v X -r A Ö" / v - X - f A^P, 51 table; o < x , 4 3 tae kwon do; x CJ 7 F—, 143 tag; 4.'.^/=, 37 take: (pick up) 51 •!>, 33; (have) 51 i>,^5T, (a shower) hlfi, 54; (someone somewhere): - o ^ T V \ < /O^T1T<,244
take back: 51 ij i 51"t, 193 take care (of): ^h'è " t -5,140; take care of yourself; fe' fzX ^ M. • I . C / f e A ^ 1^,83 take off: (clothes, shoes) tó <', 54 tale: ii(Dfi^fz '), 129 talk; l ± 4 X / l t t , 54; fe' L V ' ' < Ij * - f •5,61; talking; fe' L ' j , 61
tall; / C ? 5 H N / S V \ 19 tall; (of person) -tf ^5^" fzfi^x X - l f f}^ S v \ i 9 tavern; VN^'TJ^^^, 60 taxi fare: ^ ' 7 v —/c'v \ 212 tea ceremony: ^ 51" 64 teacher: -If A-tfv ^ / ^ i , 26; $ J;
9
L, 110
teleconference: r U t ' ^ H N $ " / r U t : " ^ i a , 56 temperature; fe' A 51", 243 terrace; • r 7 X , 4 2 test: L I t A , 107; x X h, 152; test oneself against; fe J: 9 -If A t
•5, 140 than; — J; ' j , 6 thanks: fe'^^Mf ^ i T, 90; thanks t o . . . ; fe'^SMt'T ,143 there: C,24i thermos jug: -fe'-y V, 187 thick; * ) ' : 5 V \ 2 4 thief; 51".5If-7,191 thin; (narrow) (f-^v \ 2 4 ; (of cloth, paper, etc.): • 9 - t v \ 2 4 thing: (abstract) C 51, i4o; (concrete) 4 , 193 this/this one (here): (polite) C fe fe, 19 throughout: ~ U rt) 9 106 throw away: "t" T 5,223 ticket; (for an event) i-'rr- V, 78 tidy up: 75^/colt'5,5i .• time: (the time when ...) 51 $ , 101; (in a broad sense) 3 6,129; at that time: <0 Z 5,129; be on time; t i e * . 9 / f a l 1=^7,132; the whole time; t 51,104 time(s): (expressing frequency) ~ 7 j n N / l i J , 51 times: (double) l±"v^/fè,20i tired, get; o 7 ^ X 5 , 7 0 t o . . . ; (telling time) É x / ^ l ï , 76 toilet; V 4 I/, 159 tooth/teeth; l±, 60 touch (with),-get in; KL fe < " t •5,92 tough: fzX^'^L (4.0 , 9 2 tour; 7 T - , 7 9 trading company; L J; 9 L 111 tradition: T X 51 9,175 traffic jam; U rt) 9 / = v \ 2 2 0 training: h U — 7 ^ 6 4 ; training session; I t A L- rt) 9,157 .transferred, being; XLi L, 108 transportation, means of; 3 -7 o •7
$ ^ X , 124
trash: C X , 193 tree: J / ^ K , 124 • triple: if A l f v ^ / 3 t ë , 208 trouble: h y TV!/, 239; be troubled: C i -S), 168 trust: L A f e v \ - f 5 , 2 1 4 Turkey: h 71/ 3 , 7 9 twenty years old: l i / cfe,118 twice: I C ; J n \ / 2 l H l , 51 type: L 5 v \ 247
voice: 3 x , I68 waist: " ^ x x K 4 1 want to have: (ï L v \ 122 ward: (of a city) <, 247 warm: hfzfz-i'-x \ 118 wash: Si fe 9 , 6 0 watch out (for):fert)9 \-f 5,213 way: A- fe, 119; way of ^ing: ' - v J ^ / : / ~ : ^ , 161 we: 9 fe, 201 wear: (shoes, pants, etc. over the feet) l± < , 9 website: / f e s — A - ^ — 1 8 1 ; 7 x
uh . . . : 9 , 1 9 ; X X 51,42 uncle: (one's own) fe L, 26; (someone else's) fe L i5 A , 26 understand, I: ') t 1 -h^x \ 245; K224 (polite form) L J: 9 fe-f -S, I8I week: Lrt)9 //sS, 5i; per week: unfortunate: i5'"A:I^A (4.'), 143 L rt) 9 I - / / J 1 I - , 5I; the week university student: tz\ ^P' < -t+v ^ afternext if fev ^ Lrt)9 / i 5 /A^&,118 156 weekday: \ L o , 12 us: 9 fe, 201 use: o;5^ 9,51; for use as: ~ J ; 9 weight training: " ^ x / f [> h U— /~ffl,19 - y 9", 66 welcome: fe'^JX 5,56; welcome vacant, become: < / & <, I8I party; i ^ X l f v ^T^H ^/^^Xlf vacation: $ rt 9 TJ", 15I; take a V 91 vacation: i r)> j-ó^i 51 5,157 well: i ( i ) ) , 209; well then: Vancouver: ^ < > 7 —•' , 27 L^*,86; ^^Tll,i8i vanish- $ X •5,221 west I- L / ® , 176 various: v \ .5 v X (40, i4o; in Western-style food; J; 9 L J: <,2i9 various ways: v \ .5 v X , 12 whale; < Lfe,177 view: tcfi'iö, 79 what?: 63; X X 0 , 2 3 5 vinegar: "t", I86 wheelchair: < 5 É v X , 158 vinyl: (f—— 7l/, 39 when: 51 ^ / a f , 101; (speaking virus: /f 7l/X,224 of likely or unlikely occurrence) visible, be: ^xi>/M. X -5,165 ~ / i fe, I81; (speaking of natuvisit: (lit, "play") *>^o',38; ral, habitual, or inevitable result) -51,235 (humble form) 9 ^'?J"^'9,132; whether: 51" 9 T!)\ I65 (go to see) / c - f -5,211 which; Y'-o fe, 51'"fefe,235; which visitor: (polite form) fe' $ ^ < if È, 56; having a visitor: fe v \ one (of the two): 51"fefe4 , 4 $ Af» < , 241 white: L • 5 / Ó , 12
wide; (thick) >^ 51 v ^, 24 wild, the; ^ - t f v \ 174; wild animals: ^-t+v^si"-? .r;o, 174 win: (a match) ^ " o , 172; (a lottery) *> 7c 5 , 204 winter; o^tj), ns wish: il-i'\ \ 92; I wish .. .:^tc * ) , 201
with . . . : ~ o $ , 93 withdraw (money); feXt/T i - f , 158 woman: L J; -If v \ 112 w o n d e r . . . , I; ~7i^4.' ( * > ) , 246 wonderful; - f C"v \ 201 • wool; ':!7 —7l/, 39 work; l±7c fe < , 132; can get
work LC"5l75^- 51 i f l 5 . / - f ± f ^ b^ 51^15,209; work of art if < ZAA, 188 wodd, the; -If TJH \ 174; all over the world -tf \ L rt) 9 / - t f V X , 129; world heritage site; -If NV N if A , 177; wodd natural heritage site; -tf TJH \ L-tfAv N if A , 174 worned; L A l f v \ (4.0,93 worrywart L A l f v N L J: -7,191
would it be okay?; (polite form) J;.5 L v ^ T L J: -7 ^ M 5 i wow; 1 hh,2s; h-?, 125 wrap; o o f e \ 19 • wristwatch; 9 T5l"ltv \ 39 yawn; t> i lf,&9 year before last the: fe' 51 51 L, 79 year, within the: C 51 L L rt) 9 / 4"^'t', 123 years old; ~ i f v \ 106 ~yellow: $ v \ ^ v \, 122 yoga; 3 i f , 51
297
Index abbreviations, lie, 235. See also contractions able to see/hear, 165 adjectives: adverbial forms of, 84; conditional forms of, 222; in the -te form, acting as conjunctions, 35; negative form ~ < *> 'J i ^L instead of ^'j.'v \ 83; plain forms of, 121; stems of, followed by if, 192; used in indirect questions, 170; used to construct modifying clauses, 134; used with L / f l i - t f A, 182; used with Y 106; used with 4.' 'j i -f, 117; used with LX'-f, 88
contractions/abbreviations, 206-07
contrast, 3,101 conversations, starting up, 3,51 counter: for age, 106; for buildings, 245; for nights spent at a hotel or an inn, 106; for ordinal numbers, 143; for people, I 8 I ; for times, 5i, 58 cram schools, 116 decisions, expressing with 1- L it,23 desu/masu style: 201,206 dictionary form, 53 duty, see necessity
adverbs: adverbial forms, 84,117; explanations/explaining, 51,55,57, for expressing frequency, 58; 83, 88 \ \ > A vs. fix 116; -f -o K, experiences, past, ^ZYb^ hi>,i3
104; ^6^6,70
•
advice, asking for, 20,218 after, ~ T ^ X , 104 agreement, expressing with ^ 9 T L J: 1,116 assertions, expressing with J; U, 235 be, exist: humble form H 'J i -f, I 8 I ; polite form C'if'v ^ i -f, 159 before, i X (1=) / I t (lc), 103 become, ~ < / l = 4." U É t , 117 can see/hear, AXÈ - X i -f, 165 case, if that is the, ^Kii: fe, 151 cause/reason: indicating with b^ fe/oOT; 152; indicating with T , 168; indicating with the -teform, 133,168; conditional ( ~ l f ) f o r m , 222
change in state, describing a, 117, 202
coming/going/retuming to do something, 38 comparisons, making, 6,8,21,23 completion: expressing with fe, 194; expressing with ~ T L É -7,218 conditional/if- statements, 222 conjunction, the -te form acting as a, 34-35. See also
f}^ fe under particles 298
family, 26 favors, asking, I5i frequency, 58 giongo, 83 going somewhere to do something and coming back, 85. See a/so .coming gratitude, expressing with tz-ff)^ ij i t , 165 guess, expressing with Y Hi) "7,133 hesitation: expressing with i) 19,33; i)<0 19; X-:>,42 interpretations, confirming with ^7
4XTt,102
interrogatives, see question words intonation: falling, 3; rising, 83,116 invitations, preceded by Xb^-o fzfe,165 just, TÏlt, 218 linking related reasons, excuses, thoughts with L, 165 modifying clauses, 134-35 nominalizing/nominalizer, 136,210 necessity, expressing with ^ ^ ' I t
Mi^£')
i^A,238
not yet, - ^ T v ^ i - l f A , 87 obligation, see necessity object: nominalized sentence segments serving as, 136; fl' used to mark instead of i , 165 occurrence, likely or highly unlikely, expressing with ~7c fe, 184 omission: in general, 19; of t o p i c / h fz L, 3; of part óf a question, 3,151; of particles, 4, 33,103,206; of CO -fx-liVn ^, 8; of 51" -7 fi^ in indirect questions, 170 ongoing action, expressing with ~TVNit,36 only, /•cl•t/L5*^218 opinion, expressing with 51 fe 4 7, 133 particle combinations: 101,207 particles: emotive, 206; omitting, 3, 4, 59, 206; fl', 36, 101, 136, 165; fl--fe,101; /c'lt, 218; T, 34, 108, 168; 51, 236; -^.X, 201; ^£ 51", 175; \Z, 11,33, 51, 58, 70; 19, 135, 207; \t, 101,136; (Ï 51", i5i; J; kX, 125; J;^a, 213; ^ 9 / ^ 9 j ; , 2 0 5 ;
^ , 59, 101, 165 periods of time, 58 plain forms: 52-53,71-72,121; before L ^ i - t f A, I82; before 51 in quotations, 122; before 51 119; before <7) in nominalized sentences, 136;
before (73 T , 152; before A T t , 56; in indirect questions, 170; in modifying clauses, 134; in sentence-final position, indicating tense and informality, 193 plain style: 52 polite language: 19,52,152,18I polite forms: t i i 'i' i iS i , 56; fei5$l = / f c X l c , 83; fete" L < /-cif v \ i 9 8 ; ti-oi IJ < t; ix\ 188; fe4-fey< fi-i\\ 188; fei fe < tii\\4o; Z'i'
v ^ i t , 159; Z'lx •
Z'i\^i^L,4o;
9 ^ ^ N V ^ / b L i t , 101;
L J; 9 L J: 9,40; fzt;\^i, 190; i L J; 9 , 1 6 6 ; '^/•ti'-fz, 18; fe fe, 19'
polite prefix: C:"~, I8I potential form, 154 prefixes: honorific C'^, 8; i v N--^, 62; polite C"---, I8I; L 33 questions: ending in A T t ' i ' , 55; for asking someone's preference, 5; indirect, 170; omitting part of, 3,19,57; stalling rather than answering, 3; straightforward vs. soft-sounding, 33; using sentence fragments when asking, 19 question words: followed by to refer to indefinite places, things, or people, 4 quotation, direct and indirect, 122
reasons, indicating with A T ' t , 83. See a/so cause requests: implying, 20; softening, 19 results: indicating with / ^ X / C O T", 168; indicating with fe, 219; natural or habitual, indicating with 51,236 returning, see coming ryokan charges, I8I some /any ,4 school, elementary and junior high, 116 spaces between kana/kanji, absence of in written Japanese, 129 states in effect, indicating with
talking to oneself, 201 time: expressions for telling, 76; time frames, 156. See also when titles of courtesy: if A , 51; fe ^ A , 116; < L, 157 topic maker/particle l±: omitted, 33; not used within a modifying clause, 135; b^ replacing, 133 topics: in sentences that express a comparison, 21; nominalized sentence segments serving as, 136; noun phrases identified as, 135 try and . . . , ~ T ^ i t , 9 uncertainty, expressing with b^ t LtLi-ti:A,i82
~TVNit,36
stopping in mid-sentence, 57,83 subject: changing the, 218; nominalized sentence segments serving as, 136; specifying in an . indirect question, 170 suffixes: ^-/i^tz/^-^, 151; ^Ztp
1,106; ~ / i fe, 70;
~ f e rt 9 , 7 7 ; ~
Yia
I j , 65, 246;
ij, 126; ~ i X,76; ~ f e ' l t , 13 suggestions; asking for, 5,218; declining, 57; giving, 86, 218; preceded by J: TJ^-P tzfe,165 supposition, t L' used to express, 204 surprise: expressing with t C'v \ 201; expressing with ?,218
verbs: conjugations of, 53; conditional (~ll*)forms of, 222; dictionary forms of, 53; intransitive and transitive, I86,242; plain forms of, 52-53,71-72,121; potential forms of, 154; -fe forms of, 71; volitional forms of, 166 volitional form, I66 want to have, b' (Ï L v \ 122 way of ing, ^•b'^tz/16I when, Ü
106,119
299
J A P A N E S E F O R B U S Y P E O P L E I I : Revised 3"i Edition
"2007
m m
Ifl
m^mm
mmys
mm =f 112-8652 « « S X s i l E e S 1-17-14 mm 03-3944-6493 (a«BS) 03-3944-6492 (x'-irx-fVi'S • MSm t^—h^—V w/ww.kodansha-lntl.com Eliil-K*Hi
*B*EPfSJftSêtt
ST*-aT*l*BA»lS««WBcD3%-
© tiaSA B ^ a * H « H B S 2007 Printed In Japan iSBN 9 7 8 - 4 - 7 7 0 0 - 3 0 1 0 - 8
mmii-{yi'-ti'ai-)m«M\zS-MD
7
8
9
10
.1.1
12
13 •
14 7
24
25
26
27
15
16
31
32
\
28
29
30
43
44
45
46
47
48.
61
62
63
64
iLiövro)iHi
1CS3
.1$ UN ri-
il,L::ïïjo)t^|
41
42
^^^^ !
se
57
58
59
60
lU;5):(i.)M
^^^^
71
72
73
88
89
90
103
104
105
PA .
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
jl|t;:jjtG)M
91
92
93
94
95
96
106
107
108
109
110
ili'E;;iVöVN|
111
R H 120
121
122
123
124
125 ,
135
136
137
152
139
140
155
156
127
128
141
142
143
158
159
160
I—-"^—,
— r "^"^
I T 151
138
126 •
153
154
157.
— ^
1 ^^sij
m
1 IcamJi
V:—r"—'•^^^^^^
.
werkwoorden:
D-vornn ; U-votiïi'!;
3
1
kak[ij + nai kakjT] + masu kakg kak0 + toki kaklH + ba kak0 + u
betekenis
'schrijf
/
niet'
'schrijven'
beleefdheidsvorm:
'schrijven'
woordenboelworm
'geschreven' 'als 1 wanneer 'schrijf!':
-'i' adjectives:
gebruik:
masu-vorm 1 stam
+tofe'(^efsfancfig ik schrijf':
gebiedende
staat voor
v/ijs
naamwoord) tijdsperiode
naga|karo|+ u (péif naga|kal+ tta u nagai u nagai + toki. B-i/onrt '. naga|kere|+ ba O naga|kare|(!)
betekenis
/
'het is misschien 'was
een beetje
lang'
1
lang"
'lang'
u
woordenboek
'lang iets' + toki (zelfstandig 'a/s
.'na' adjectives:
gebruik:
hef
naamv/oord)
e-voi-iri I
lang is'
'wees lang!'
U 'jomi
O
(onbeleefd)
hade|daro|+ u hade[da}f tta hadepa;|da] hadejnajf toki hade|nara|-t- ba hadelnare| (!)
betekenis
1
'het is misschien 'was
gebruik:
een beetje
kleunijk'
kieuniik""
'kleurrijk" 'kleunijk
bijv. aan het eind van 'n zin, iets' + toki (zelfstandig
'als het kleumjk 'wees kleumjk!'
is'
(onfcefeefdj
1
nagakunai:
1$ niet
nagakunakatta:
lang'
'was niet
hadeni lang'
dewa nai: 'is niet
informeel
naamwoord)
kieuaijk'
T H E REVISED 3RD. EDITION
OF JAPANESE FOR BUSY PEOPLE
In the 22 years since its publication, Japanese for Busy People has won acclaim worldwide as an effective, easy-to-understand textbook, either for classroom use or for independent study Now, in its first revision in more than a decade, the series is being redesigned, updated, and consolidated to meet the needs of today's students and businesspeople who want to learn natural, spoken Japanese as effectively as possible in a limited amount of time. This new edition of the classic second volume will enable learners to make an unprecedented smooth transition from mid-beginner-level to intermediate-level Japanese. Picking up where Japanese for Busy People I left off, the text goes beyond survival Japanese, turning to the basics of Japanese syntax. Topics covered include plain forms of verbs and adjectives; compound sentences; modifying, temporal ("when"), and conditional ("if") clauses; potential and volitional forms; and direct and indirect quotation. By the end of the book, learners will have acquired through a senes of concise grammatical explanations and extensive speaking and listening exercises a command of Japanese that will enable them to carry on a variety of daily conversations. Japanese for Busy People II: Revised 3rd Edition features: » A free CD containing 4 7 minutes of listening practice based on 9 4 dialogues introduced in the book « 1 6 0 kanji (Chinese characters used in Japanese), with ample space to practice writing them e Over 3 5 0 illustrations to make the learning process both fun and effective e 1 7 reading tasks e Quizzes that allow learners to test their understanding
. ,
<• Usage, culture, and style notes The Japanese for Busy People series has been prepared under the guidance of a working •group of experienced language instructors who reviewed and tested the material in their classrooms. About the Authors T h e A s s o c i a t i o n f o r J a p a n e s e - L a n g u a g e T e a c h i n g (AJALT) w a s e s t a b l i s h e d t o m e e t t h e practical . n e e d s o f p e o p l e w h o w i s h t o c o m m u n i c a t e e f f e c t i v e l y i n J a p a n e s e . In 1 9 7 7 it w a s r e c o g n i z e d as a n o n p r o f i t o r g a n i z a t i o n b y Japan's M i n i s t r y o f E d u c a t i o n . In 1 9 9 2 it w a s a w a r d e d t h e Japan F o u n d a t i o n Special Prize.
