II3TIIL~M ~KOMOll~ll Bahasa lnggeris-Bahasa Malaysia Bahasa Malaysia-Bahasa lnggeris
Edisi Kefima
-
II3TIILL~MI~KOMOl71ll Bahasa InggerisLBahasa Malaysia
Bahasa Malaysia-Bahasa lnggeris
Edisi Keilma
Dewon Bahoso don Pusroko Kuolo Lumpur 1999
KANDUNGAN Prakata Penerbit
vii
Prakata Penyusun
ix
Ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti
xi
Pendahuluan
Xiii
Panduan Menggunakan Buku Istilah Ekonomi
xv
Istilah Ekonomi Bahasa Inggeris-Bahasa Malaysia
1
Istilah Ekonomi Bahasa Malaysia-Bahasa Inggeris
399
v
Cetakan Pertama 1965 Edisi Kedua Cetakan Pertama 1979 Edisi Kelima Cetakan Pertama 1999 © Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka 1965, 1979, 1987, 1991, 1999 Hak Cipta Terpelihara. Tidak dibenarkan mengeluar ulang mana-mana bahagian artikel, ilustrasi, dan isi kandungan buku mi dalam apajuga bentuk dan dengan cara apa jua sama ada secara elektronik, fotokopi, mekanik, rakaman, atau cara lain sebelum mendapat izin bertulis daripada Ketua Pengarah, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Peti Surat 10803, 50926 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Perundingan tertakiuk kepada perkiraan royalu atau honorarium. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia
Data Pengkatalogan-dalam-Penerbitan
Istilah ekonomi : bahasa lnggeris-bahasa Malaysia, bahasa Malaysia-bahasa Inggeris. - Ed. ke-5. ISBN 983-62-6497-3 1. Economics—Dictionaries. 2. Economics—Dictionaries—Malay. 330.03
Dicetak oleh Percetakan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Lot 1037, Mukim Perindustrian PKNS Ainpang/Hulu Kelang Selangor Darul Ehsan
PRA1~ATAPENERBIT Buku Istilah Ekonomi mi merupakan penerbitan edisi kelima dalam bidang mi, iaitu selepas terbitnya buku Istilah Ekonomi edisi keempat pada tahun 1991 dan 1992. Dengan terbitnya edisi kelima buku istilah mi, diharapkan dapat menampung keperluan penggunaan istilah di institusi-institusi pengajian tinggi dalam negara ml, selaras dengan kehendak Dasar Pelajaran Kebangsaan: bahawa bahasa Malaysia digunakan sepenuhnya sebagai bahasa pengantar dalam sistem pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Edisi kelima buku istilah mi pula merupakan pembaikan kepada edisi keempat. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka telah mengadakan projek penyediaan dan penerbitan istilah untuk institusi pengajian tinggi pada awal tahun 1981 dengan bantuan dan kerjasama daripada institusi-institusi pengajian tinggi ternpatan. Bagi melaksanakan projek mi, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, dengan kerjasarna pakar-pakar daripada berbagaibagai bidang ilmu telah menyediakan, membentuk dan menyelaraskan istilah dalam bahasa Malaysia. Istilah-istilah yang diselaraskan adalah berdasarkan kursus-kursus yang diajar di universiti-universiti tempatan. Buku IstilahEkonomi mi diharapkan dapat menolong para pensyarah dan mahasiswa serta pengguna-pengguna lain mendapatkan istilah bahasa yang tepat dan sesuai dalam bidang tersebut. Dengan mi diharapkan agar buku mi dapat menyeragamkan penggunaan istilah di institusi pengajian tinggi di negara mi. Dewan ‘Bahasa dan Pustaka mengucapkan terima kasih kepada ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti yang telah menyumbangkan masa, tenaga, kepakaran serta kerjasama bagi menghasilkan buku Istilah Ekonomi mi. Ketua Pengarah Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Januari 1999
-
vu
PRAKATA PENYUSUN Syukur ke hadrat Allah kerana dengan izin-Nya kami ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti telah berjaya menghasilkan buku Istilah Ekonomi (Bahasa Inggeris Bahasa Malaysia Bahasa Inggeris) mi dalam usaha menampung keperluan pengajaran dan pembelajaran di institusi-institusi pengajian tinggi tempatan. Untuk mengadakan istilah bahasa Malaysia yang cukup bagi kegunaan institusi-institusi pengajian tinggi, iaitu setelah bahasa Malaysia digunakan sepenuhnya dalam pengajaran, maka pada 5 September 1981 tertubuhlahJawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti yang bertujuan menyelaraskan dan menyeragamkan istilah Ekonomi dalam bahasa Malaysia supaya istilah yang sama dapat digunakan di semua institusi pengajian tinggi di negara —
—
mi. Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti mi pada mulanya membincangkan istilah mengikut subbidang. Kemudian, apabila komputer digunakan, istilah-istilah dalam pelbagai subbidang ilmu Ekonomi itu telah digabungkan dan dibincangkan dalam mesyuarat seminggu sekali. Istilah-istilah yang telah diselaraskan oleh Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti mi kemudiannya disdaraskan dengan istilah daripada bidang Pentadbiran Perniagaan antara Universiti kerana kedua-dua bidang mi saling berkait. Di sini, Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti merakamkan ucapan terima kasih kepada pihak yang telah memberikan sokongan dan kerjasama sehingga terhasilnya buku Istilah Ekonomi mi. Penghargaan juga kami tujukan kepada Naib-naib Canselor universiti tempatan, Dekan-dekan Fakulti Ekonomi dan Dekan-dekan Pengajian Kemanusiaan & Kemasyarakatan universiti-universiti berkaitan yang memberikan kerjasama dan membenarkan pensyarah-pensyarah yang menjadi ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti menghadiri mesyuarat Peristilahan Ekonomi mi.
ix
AHLI JAWATANKUASA PERISTILAHAN EKONOMI ANTARA UNJVERSITI 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9 10. 11. 12. 13. 14.
Prof. Madya Dr. Mohamed Yusof (Pengerusi) Er~cikAbdul Aziz Buang Encik Pazim @ Fadzim Othman En’cik Ismail Omar Dr4 Uzir Abdul Malik
UPM
En~ikIsmail Shaari Encik Ahmad Mohd. Yusof Encik Sanep Ahmad Cik Chew Yoke Ching Pu~nRaskinah Md. Nor Prdf. Madya Sabariyah Din En~ikZakaria Man Endk Abu Hassan Md. Isa Pu4n Mohaini Mohd. Saffar (Setiausaha)
ITM
UTM UM USM
UKM UKM UKM ITM ITM UTM UM UPM DBP
Abli Jaw~tankuasaIstilah yang Pernah Berkhidmat
UKM UKM
1. En~ikMd. Zyadi Md. Tahir 2. Encik Abd. Malik Ismail 3. ProI. Madya Haji Nasseri Haji Taib
UTM xi
Akhmr kata saya sekali lagi mengucapkan jutaan terima kasih kepada ahli-ahli Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti dan Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka yang telah berusaha bersungguh-sungguh menerbmtkan buku mi.
Pertgerusi Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti Januari 1986
x
PENDAHULUAN Buku Istilah Ekonomi mi mengandungi 14 023 istilah Bahasa Inggeris-Bahasa Malaysia dan jumlah istilah yang sama banyak dalam Bahasa Malaysia-Bahasa Inggeris. Istilah-istilah yang terkandung dalam buku mi telah diusahakan oleh ahli-ahlijawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti yang mewakili kesemua mnstitusm pengajian tinggi tempatan. Subbidang-subbidang yang terdapat dalam bidang Ekonomi mi terdiri daripada: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Ekonomm Analisis Ekonomi Kuantitatif Ekonomi Pembangunan Ekonomi Perancangan Ekonomi Pertanian Ekonomi Sumber -
Istilah yang terkandung dalam buku mi telah disemak, diselaraskan dan disesuaikan bentuk dan ejaannya mengikut Pedoman Umum Pembentukan Istilah Bahasa Malaysia (PUPIBM) dan Pedoman Umum Ejaan Bahasa Malaysia (PUEBM) yang secara rasmi telah diisytiharkan penggunaarinya mulai 31 Ogos 1975, dan pedoman tambahan yang disahkan oleh Jawatankuasa Tetap Bahasa Malaysia dan Majlis Bahasa Indonesia-Malaysia. Buku mi pasti ada kekurangan dan banyak lagi yang perlu diperbaik. Dengan mi pihak Jawatankuasa Peristilahan Ekonomi antara Universiti sedia menerima teguran dan cadangan daripada semua pihak. -
XIII
4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
Cik Suhaila Haji Abduijalil Encik IdrisJajri Dr. Amir Haji Baharuddin Puan Juneidah Ibrahim Puan Akmar Aini Haji Saidin
UPM UM USM DBP DBP
XII
PANDUAN MENGGUNAKAN BUKU ISTILAH EKONOMI Buku istilah mi mengandungi senaram istilah yang dibahagikan kepada dua bahagian, iaitu istilah Bahasa InggerisBahasa Malaysia dan Bahasa Malaysia-Bahasa Inggeris. Istilah mi disusun menurut urutan abjad dan tidak dikelaskan meñgikut subbidang. Contoh: Bahasa Inggeris
Bahasa Malaysia
bid forecast guarantor
bida ramalan penjamin
Bahasa Malaysia
Bahasa Inggeris
bida ramalan penjarnin
bid forecast guarantor
Xv
Buku istilah mi tidak memberikan pengertian atau definisi kepada tiap-tiap istilah. Pengguna haruslah faham dengan makna yang didukung oleh tiap-tiap kata sebelum menggunakannya. mi adalah kerana subbidang yang dikelaskan mempunyai makna umum dan khusus. Sebagai contoh, subbidang Ekonomi Analisis menggunakan istilah-istilah ekonomi yang lebih umum dan Ekonomi Sumber menggunakan istilah-istilah ekonomi yang Iebih khusus dan saintifik. Contoh:
Bahasa Inggeris
Bahasa Malaysia
deposit
cengkeram; deposit
‘Cengkeram’ bermaksud wang pendahuluan yang diberikan sebelum membeli sesuatu. Manakala, ‘deposit’ digunakan untuk kata bahasa Inggeris deposit (lihat kamus Webster) yang terdapat lima makna yang salah satu maknanya something laid, placed or thrown down. Dalam pengertiannya adalah lebih tepat dan jelas perkataan ‘deposit’ digunakan dalam konteks in Dengan cara mi dapatlah pengguna mengelakkan kesalahan menggunakan istilah. Tanda “;“ menandakan istilah yang berlainan pengertian dan dmgunakan dalam konteks yang berlainan. Contoh:
Bahasa Inggeris finance
Bahasa Malaysia biaya; kewangan -
x~q
‘Biaya’ membawa makna belanja untuk sesuatu, manakala ‘kewangan’ membawa maksud perihal wang (keadaan atau urusan wang), segala sesuatu yang berkait dengan wang. Kedua-dua makna mi boleh didukung oleh satu kata Inggeris finance. Tanda “/“ menandakan istilah yang sama makna atau bersinonim. Contoh: ~Bahasa
Inggeris
Bahasa Malaysia
manufacturing
pembuatan/perkilangan
Kedua-dua kata tersebut; “pembuatan” atau “perkilangan” boleh digunakan untuk bahasa Inggeris manufacturing. Dalam hal mi istilah yang didahulukan itu ialah istilah yang penggunaannya digalakkan dan istilah yang dikemudiankan itu adalah sinonimnya, tetapi kedua-duanya boleh digunakan untuk maksud tersebut.
xvii
ISTILAH EKONOMI BAHASAINGGERIS-BAHASA MALAYSIA
a prior restriction
absolute cost advantage
A a prior restriction abandoned development abandonment (project) abandonment (shipping insurance) abandonment of building abatement (cost price) abatement (pollution) abatement technology Abbe-Helmert criterion abelian ability measure ability principle ability to exploit ability to pay ability to pay principle abnormal capital movement
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — —
— —
—
abnormal cost abnormal profit abnormality abolition of duty above par above surface rights abrasion abridge life table abridgement abscissa absentee landlord absentee owner absentee rate absolute advantage absolute age absolute coefficient
pembatasan a prior pembangunan tertinggal terbengkalai (projek) penyerahgantian (insurans perkapalan) keterbiaran bangunan pengurangan (kos harga) peredaan (pencemaran) teknologi peredaan kriteria Abbe-Helmert tukar tertib ukuran kemampuan prinsip kemampuan kemampuan mengeksploitasi kemampuan membayar prinsip kemampuan membayar
absolute concentration absolute convergence absolute cost absolute cost advantage
pergerakan modal abnormal S
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— —
— -
kos abnormal untung abnormal ketaknormalan pemansuhan duti atas tara hak permukaan atas pelelasan jadual hayat ringkas inti sari absisa tuan tanah duduk luar pemilik duduk luar kadar tak hadir faedah mutlak umur mutlak pekali mutlak/ koefisien mutlak pemusatan mutlak penumpuan mutlak kos mudak faedah kos mutlak
absolute density
absolute density absolute derivative absolute determination absolute deviation absolute dipersion absolute error absolute expansion absolute frequency distribution absolute absolute absolute absolute absolute
humidity incidence inequality, poverty pressure
absorption of surplus labour
— — — -
—
kepadatan mutlak terbitan mutlak penentuan mutlak sisihan mutlak serakan mutlak ralat mutlak
-
—
skala suhu mutlak
absolute title
—
hak milik mutlak
absolute unit
—
unit mütlak
absolute price absolute sacrifice absolute scale of temperature
— — — —
absolutism absorbance absorbed light absorbent absorbing barrier absorbing power
pengembangan mutlak taburan frekuensi mutlak/ taburan kekerapan mutlak kelembapan mutlak insidens mutlak ketaksamaan mutlak kemiskinan mutlak tekanan mutlak harga mutlak pengorbanan mutlak
—
absolute value absolute viscosity absolutely continuous absolutely summable
absorption absorption apparatus absorption coefficient absorption absorption absorption absorption absorption labour 4
cost discontinuity law of radiation of surplus
— — — —
—
nilai mutlak kelikatan mutlak selanjar secara mutlak terhasil tambah secara mutlak kemutlakan
—
daya scrap cahaya terserap zat scrap halangan penyerapan kuasa penyerapan
—
penyerapan
— — — —
— —
— — — — —
radas penyerapan pekali penyerapan/ koefisien penyerapan kos penyerapan ketakselanjaran penyerapan hukum penyerapan penyerapan sinar.an penyerapan buruh lebihan
absorption power
absorption power absorption ratio absorption ray absorption spectrum absorption value absorptive capacity abstinence abstinence theory of interest abstract of title abundance of the element abundance ratio accelerate accelerated depreciation acceleration acceleration depreciation acceleration principle accelerator accelerator coefficient accelerator model
accession rate
— —
— — — -
— — — — — — —
—
—
kuasa penyerapan nisbah penyerapan
accelerator principle acceptable assignment acceptable quality level acceptance acceptance bank acceptance boundary acceptance house acceptance inspection
sinar penyerapan spektrum penyerapan nilai penyerapan kapasiti berdaya scrap tangguh guna teori bunga tangguh guna
acceptance acceptance acceptance acceptance acceptance acceptance
cabutan hak milik kelimpahan unsur nisbah kelimpahan mencepatkan susut nilai dipercepat pencepatan susut nilai pencepatan prinsip pencepatan pencepat
line number region register sampling supra protest
acceptor access reserve access road accessibility accessible resource accession rate
pekali pencepat/koefisien pencepat model pencepat 5
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
prinsip pencepat penugasan boleh terima tingkat mutu boleh terima penerimaan bank penerimaan sempadan penerimaan gedung penerimaan pemeriksaan penerimaan garis penerimaan bilangan penenmaan kawasan penerimaan daftar penerimaan pensampelan penerimaan penerimaan mengatasi bantahan penerima rizab laluan jalan laluan kebolehsampaian sumber boleh guna kadar kemasukan
accession tax
accession tax accessory element accessory mineral accident frequency rate accident insurance accidental error accidental evolution accidental sampling accommodating movement accommodating bill account analysis account book account day account of sale account payee cheque account payee only account receivable accountability accountancy accountant
accumulation capacity
— — — —
— —
—
— — — — — — — — — —
cukai kemasukan unsur aksesori galian aksesori kadar kekerapan kemalangan insurans kemalangan ralat tak sengaja
accounting accounting identity accounting method accounting period accounting price accounting statement accounts payable
evolusi kebetulan pensampelan kebetulan pergerakan imbangan bil kemudahan analisis akaun buku akaun han penyelesaian akaunjualan cek akaun penerima akaun penerima sahaja akaun belum terima kebertanggungjawaban perakaunan akauntan
accretion accrual accrual approach accrual date accrued asset accrued interest accrued liability accumulate (to) accumulated depreciation accumulated interest accumulated value accumulation accumulation capacity 6
— — — — — — —
— — — -
—
— — — — —
perakaunan identiti perakaunan kaedah perakaunan tempoh perakaunan harga perakaunan penyata perakaunan akaun belum bayar pertambahan akruan pendekatan akruan tarikh akruan aset terakru bunga terakru tanggungan terakru/ liabiliti terakru mengumpul susut nilai terkumpul bunga terkumpul nilai terkumpul pengumpulan kapasiti pengumpulan
accumulation equation
accumulation equation accumulation factor accumulation point accumulation problem acctimulation schedule accuracy accuracy of forecast accurate accurate estimate acquired surplus acquisition acquisition method acquisition of land acquisition of ownership acquittance acre per man acreage acreage acquisition acreage allotment Act of bankruptcy act of indemnity
active money
— —
— — — — — — —
— —
persamaan pengumpulan faktor pengumpulan titik pengumpulan masalah pengumpulan
acterni patris action area plan action node action probability
jadual pengumpulan ketepatan ketepatan ramalan tepat anggaran tepat lebihan diperoleh perolehan; pengambilan kaedah pengambilan pengambilan tanah pengambilan pemilikan tanda lunasi ekar per pekerja keluasan ekar
action stage activated absorption activated carbon activate molecule activated sludge activated sludge process activation energy active balance active balance of trade active bond active constraint
perolehan kawasan pemetakan tanah Akta kebankrapan tindakan ganti rugi 7
— — —
— —
—
— — — — -
acterni pains pelan kawasan tindakan nod tindakan probabiliti tindakan/ kebarangkalian tindakan tahap tindakan penyerapan diaktifkan karbon diaktifkan molekul diaktifkan enap cemar diaktifkan proses enap cemar diaktifkan tenaga pengaktifan imbangan positif imbangan niaga positif bon aktif konstren aktif/kekangan aktif pertumbuhan aktif
active growth
-
active market
—
pasaran aktif
active money
—
wang aktif
active role active role activity activity analysis activity space actual cohort actual compensationist actual cost actual rate of growth actual saving actual shrinkage actual value actuarial notion actuarial valuation actuary acyclic network ad hoc planning ad valorem
additional constraint
— — —
—
—
—
—
—
—
— — — — — — —
peranan aktif aktiviti/kegiatan analisis aktiviti/analisis kegiatan
ad valorem tariff ad valorem tax adaptability adaptable adaptation adaptive adaptive expectation adaptive expectation model adaptive forecasting adaptive optimization
ruang aktiviti/ruang kegiatan kohort sebenar pembayar pampasan sebenar kos sebenar kadar pertumbuhan sebenar simpanan sebenar
adaptive planning adaptive research adaptive-control procedure
pengecutan sebenar nilai sebenar anggapan aktuari penilaian beraktuari aktuari rangkaian tak berkitar perancangan ad hoc ad valorem
— —
— — — —
—
— -
— —
-
add on interest
-
addition rule
-
addition theorem additional constraint
8
—
—
—
tarif ad valorem cukai ad valorem kebolehsuaian boleh suai penyesuaian mudah suai jangkaan mudah suai model jangkaan mudah suai peramalan mudah suai pengoptimuman mudah suai perancangan mudah suai penyelidikan mudah suai tatacara kawalan mudah sual tamhahan ke atas bunga peraturan penambahan teorem penambahan konstren tambahan/ kekangan tambahan
adjustment cost
additive
additive additive abelian additive dummy variable additive identity additive inverse additive law of probability
additive seasonal variation additive set function additive Winters’ method additivity adequacy adiabatic change adiabatic cooling adiabatic process
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
-
— — — —
berdaya tarnbah tukar tertib berdaya tambah pemboleh ubah dami berdaya tambah identiti berdaya tambah berdaya tambah songsangan hukum probabiliti berdaya tambah/hukum kebarangkalian berdaya tambah variasi bermusim berdaya tambah fungsi set berdaya tambah
adjacent adjacent land
—
harta benda bersebelahan
—
sisi bersebelahan
adjoining owner
-
pemilik bersempadan
adjusted gross !ncome adjusted multiple correlation coefficient adjustment adjustment account
9
bersebelahan tanah bersebelahan
adjacent side
adjusted coefficient of determination
kecukupan perubahan adiabatik penyejukan adiabatik proses adiabatik
—
adjacent property
adjoint matrix adjunct account adjunctive planning adjustable adjustable currency
kaedah Winters berdaya tambah keberdayatambahan
—
— — — —
—
—
matriks adjoin akaun penyatuan perancangan tambahan boleh laras; boleh suai mata wang boleh laras pekali penentuan tersuai/ koefisien penentuan tersuai pendapatan kasar terlaras
—
koefisien korelasi berbilang tersuai penyesuaian; pelarasan
—
akaun pelarasan
adjustment assistance
—
bantuan penyesuaian
adjustment cost
—
kos penyesuaian
—
adjustment plan
adjustment plan adjustment problem adjustment to change administered cost administered price administeted pricing administration administration cost administrative agency administrative boundary administrative cooperation administrative district administrative efficiency administrative improvement administrative machinery administrative planning administrative problem administrative revenue
adsorption equilibrium
—
—
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — —
rancangan pelarasan
administrative structure administrative unit administrative zone administrator
masalah pelarasan; masalah penyesuaian penyesuaian kepada perubahan kos tertadbir harga tertadbir penentuan harga tertadbir pentadbiran kos pentadbiran agensi pen tadbiran sempadan pentadbiran kerjasama pentadbiran daerah pentadbiran kecekapan pentadbiran pemajuan pentadbiran
admissible admissible asset admissible decision function admissible error admissible hypothesis admissible number admissible statistical decision function admissible strategy admissible test adoption adsorption adsorption analysis adsorption coefficient
jentera pentadbiran perancangan pentadbiran masalah pentadbiran hasil pentadbiran
adsorption equilibrium 10
—
— — —
—
— — — —
— — — — —
—
struktur pentadbiran unit pentadbiran zon pen tadbiran pentadbir botch terima aset boleh terima fungsi keputusan boleh terima ralat botch terima hipotesis boleh terima nombor boleh terima fungsi keputusan statistik botch terima strategi boleh terima ujian boleh terima ambil guna penjerapan analisis penjerapan pekali penjerapan/ koefisien penjerapan keseimbangan penjerapan
adsorption potential
adsorption potential adult literacy ratio adulterated food adulteration advance advance capitalism advance freight advance land acquisition advanced economics advanced gas reactor advanced operational technology advanced stage advanced waste treatment advancement advection air advective inversion adverse balance adverse occupancy adverse possession advertisement
aesthetic quality
— — — — — — — — — — -
— — — — — — —
potensi penjerapan nisbah k~nalhuruf dewasa makanan tak tulen adulterasi pendahuluan kapitalisme termaju tambang pendahuluan pengambilan tanah awal ekonomi lanjutan reaktor gas termaju teknologi kendalian termaju tahapmaju pemulihan sisa lanjutan kemajuan udara alir un tang pembalikan alir lintang imbangan negatif pendudukan haram pemilikan bertentangan iklan
advertisement control advertiser advertising advertising agency advertising believability advertising feature advertising media advice book advice note advisory committee aerobic decomposition aerobic digestion aerosol aerosol can aerosol dispersion ‘aesthetic amenity aesthetic consideration aesthetic damage aesthetic factor aesthetic quality 11
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
—. — —
kawalan iklan pengiklan pengiklanan agensi pengiklanan kebolehpercayaan pengiklanan rencana pengiklanan media pengiklanan buku makluman nota makluman jawatankuasa penasihat pereputan aerob pencernaan aerob aerosol kaleng aerosol serakan aerosol ameniti estetik pertimbangan estetik kemusnahan estetik faktor estetik kualiti estetik
affected area
affected area affected party
aggregate farm product supply
kawasan terlibat golongan terjejas
age-specific mortality rate
—
—
affected region
kawasan terjejas
age-specific vital rate
—
—
affiliate
—
gabungan
ageing population
—
affine dependence
—
persandaran hubungan
affine independence
-
kebebasan hubungan
agency house
—
subruang hubungan
agglomeration agglomeration economy
—
affine subspace
—
affluent society
—
affreightment
-
masyarakat mewah perjanjian tambang muatan
aflatoxin
—
aflatoksin
agglomeration planning
—
taburan umur• kesan umur
aggregate aggregate consumer demand aggregate consumption function aggregate demand
age group
—
kumpulan umur
aggregate demand curve
age ratio
—
nisbah umur
age structure
—
struktur umur
age-specific fertility rate
—
aggregate doctrine aggregate estimate aggregate farm product supply
after date after-tax returns
—
selepas tarikh
—
pulangan selepas cukai
age distribution
—
age effect
kadar kesuburan umurkhusus 12
— — —
kadar kematian umurkhusus kadar penting umurkhusus penduduk kian tua/ penduduk berumur gedung agensi penumpu~an ekonomi penumpuan perancangan penumpuan
—
agregat permintaan pengguna agregat fungsi penggunaan agregat
—
permintaan agregat
—
keluk permintaan agregat
— —
— — —
doktrin agregat anggaran agregat penawaran keluaran ladang agregat
aggregate model
aggregate model aggregate output aggregate planning aggregate production aggregate supply aggregate supply curve aggregate unemployment aggregate wealth aggregate worker-supply curve aggregation aggregation level of model aggregation over input aggregation problem aggregation within input aggregative aggregative analysis aggregative index aggregative model aggressive society
agricultural economics
— — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — —
model agregat output agregat perancangan agregat pengeluaran agregat penawaran agregat keluk penawaran agregat pengangguran agregat kekayaan agregat keluk penawaran pekerja agregat pengagregatan model peringkat pengagregatan pengagregatan atas input masalah pengagregatan pengagregatan antara input keagregatan analisis keagregatan indeks keagregatan model keagregatan masyarakat agresif
agrarian agrarian doctrine agrarian economy agrarian reform agrarian revolution agreement agribusiness agribusiness management agricultural access agricultural adjustment agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural 13
base burning capital census chemistry commodity credit development district economics
— — — — — -
— —
— — — — — — — — -
agraria doktrin agraria ekonomi agraria reformasi agraria revolusi agraria perjanjian; persetujuan perniagaan tani pengurusan perniagaan tani laluan pertanian penyesuaian pertanian asas pertanian pembakaran pertanian modal pertanian banci pertanian kimia pertanian barangan pertanian kredit pertanian pembangunan pertanian daerah pertanian ekonomi pertanian
agricultural exemption
agricultural exemption agricultural export agricultural extension agricultural extension service agricultural finance agricultural fundamentalism agricultural holdings agricultural household aggregation agricultural import agricultural industry agricultural institution agricultural labour force agricultural labour productivity agricultural land agricultural land requirement agricultural land use
agricultural production unit
—
— —
pengecualian pertanian eksport pertanian pengembangan pertanian
—
perkhidmatan pengembangan pertanian kewangan pertanian
—
fundamentalisme pertanian
—
— —
— —
—
agricultural marketing agricultural marketing Cooperative agricultural marketing service agricultural marketing system
kebun pertanian pengagregatan isi rumah pertanian
agricultural mechanization agricuitneal output agricultural parity
import pertanian industri pertanian institusi pertanian
agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural
tenaga buruh pertanian daya pengeluaran buruh pertanian
—
tanah pertanian
—
keperluan tanah pertanian
-
agricultural lender
planner planning policy pollutant pollution
agricultural price agricultural production unit
guna tanah pertanian 14
-
— —
—
—
— — —
— — — —
— —
pemberi pinjaman pertanian pemasaran pertanian koperasi pemasaran pertanian perkhidmatan pemasaran per~anian sistem pemasaran pertanian penjenteraan pertanian output pertanian pariti pertanian/kesetaraan pertanian perancang pertanian perancangan pertanian dasar pertanian bahan pencemar pertanian pencemaran pertanian harga pertanian (keluaran) unit pengeluaran pertanian
agricultural productivity
agricultural productivity agricultural projection agricultural pursuit agricultural quality agricultural rent agricultural research agricultural revolution agricultural sector agricultural service cooperative agricultural specialization agricultural surplus agricultural tax agricultural taxation agricultural tenant agricultural agricultural agricultural agricultural
trade use variability wage
agricultural wage rate
air pollutant
—
— — — — — — — —
— -
— — —
daya pengeluaran pertanian
—
perdagangan pertanian kegunaan pertanian kebolehubahan pertanian upah pertanian
—
kadar upah pertanian
— — —
agricultural waste agricultural zone agriculture agro-hased industry
unjuran pertanian matlamat pertanian kualiti pertanian (keluaran) sewa pertanian penyelidikan pertanian revolusi pertanian sektor pertanian koperasi perkhidmatan pertanian pengkhususan pertanian lebihan pertanian (keluaran) cukai pertanian pencukaian pertanian penyewa tanah pertanian
agrobusiness agrochemistry aid aid criterion aid programme air buoyancy air cargo air composition air compressor air constituent air density air injection system air mass air molecular weight air policy air pollutant 15
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
buangan pertanian zon pertanian pertanian industri berasaskan pertanian perniagaan tani kimia tani bantuan kriteria bantuan program bantuan daya apung udara kargo udara komposisi udara pemampat udara juzuk udara kepadatan udara sistem pancutan udara jisim udara berat molekul udara dasar udara bahan pencemar udara
air pollution
air pollution air quality air quality criteria air quality improvement air quality standard air resource air shipment air space air strip air survey air traffic air transport air-fuel ratio air-test airport runway airport terminal aisle Aitken particle Aitken’s generalized leastsquare estimator albedo of earth
allocated
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — -
-
pencemaran udara kualiti udara kriteria kualiti udara pembaikan kualiti udara piawai kualiti udara sumber udara pengiriman udara ruang udara lapangan terbang kecil ukur (dan) udara lalu lintas udara pengangkutan udara nisbah udara-minyak ujian udara landasan lapangan terbang terminal lapangan terbang
algae growth algebraic expression algebraic fraction algebraic function algebraic number algebraic representation algebraic sum algebraical sign algebrail law alienate alienated land alienation align alignment survey all-in design service
lorong zarah Aitken penganggar ganda dua terkecil teram Aitken albedo bumi
all-in rate allied chemical allied industry allocate (to) allocated 16
— — — — — — — — -
—
— — — — —
pertumbuhan alga ungkapan algebra pecahan algebra fungsi algebra nombor algebra pernyataan algebra hasil taj’nbah algebra tanda algebra hukum algebra ben milik tanah diberi milik pemberimilikan; pemencilan jajar ukur jajaran perkhidmatan reka bentuk menyeluruh kadar keseluruhan kimia bersekutu industri berkait mènguntukkan diuntukkan
allocation
allocation allocation aspect allocation function allocation of fund allocation of wealth allocative effect allocative efficiency allocative mechanism allocative planning alloter allotment (land) allowable defect allowable error allowance alloy alluvial tin alluvial tin ore alluvial valley Almon scheme of polynomial lag. almost certain convergence
alternative optimum
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -
—
peruntukan aspek peruntukan fungsi peruntukan peruntukan dana peruntukan kekayaan kesan peruntukan kecekapan peruntukan mekanisme peruntukan perancangan peruntukan pengumpuk pemetakan (tanah) cacat dibenarkan ralat dibenarkan elaun aloi timah lanar bijih timah lanar lembah berlanar skim Almon lat polinomial penumpuan hampir pasti
almost everywhere convergence almost stationary alteration alternate alternate demand alternate director alternating group alternating series alternative alternative budget alternative cost alternative cost doctrine alternative cost/ opportunity cost alternative drawee alternative energy sources alternative hypothesis alternative layer alternative opportunity alternative optimum 17
—
— — — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
— —
penumpuan hampir menyeluruh hampir pegun perubahan; pindaan selang-seli; silih ganti permintaan silih ganti pengarah silih ganti kumpulan berselang-seli sin berselang-seli alternatif belanjawan alternatif kos alternatif doktnin kos alternatif kos melepas pesuruh bayar alternatif punca tenaga alternatif hipotesis alternatif lapisan berselang-seli peluang alternatif optimum alternatif
alternative payee
alternative payee alternative plan alternative proposal alternative strategy alternative system alternative technology aluminium bronze aluminium reduction plant amang ambient air ambient air quality ambient temperature amenity amenity control amenity effect amenity resource amenity right amenity value amortization amortization formula
ancillary use
— — —
— — —
— -
—
— — — — — — — — — —
penerima alternatif rancangan alternatif cadangan alternatif
amortization payment amortized cost amortized loan amortizing payment loan amount amount differ amount of capital available
strategi alternatif sistem alternatif teknologi alternatif gangsa aluminium loji pengurangan aluminium amang/tahi bijih
amount outstanding amount owing amplitude amusement park anaerobic decay analysis of covariance analysis of variance analytic regression analytic survey analytic trend ancillary information ancillary statistics ancillary demand ancillary use ‘
udara ambien kualiti udara ambien suhu ambien ameniti kawalan ameniti kesan ameniti sumber ameniti hak ameniti nilai ameniti pelunasan formula pelunasan 18
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— — — — — — — —
bayaran pelunasan kos terlunas pinjaman terlunas pinjaman bayaran berlunas amaun amaun berbeza amaun modal tersedia amaun terbaki amaun terhutang amplitud taman hiburan pereputan anaerob analisis kovarians analisis vanians regresi analisis kaji selidik analisis arah aliran analisis maklumat tambahan statistik tambahan permintaan tambahan kegunaan tambahan
Andean group Andean group Andean pact angle of inclination angular transformation animal carcasses animal feed animal fibre animal husbandry animal kingdom animal life animal protein animal society animal species animal waste annihilation radiation announcement effect annual cash flow statement annual limit clause annual load duration curve
anthracite
— — — — —
— — —
— — —
— — —
— —
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kumpulan Andean pakatan Andean sudut sendeng transformasi sudut sembelihan binatang
annual plan annual production
makanan haiwan gentian haiwan perusahaan ternakan
annual rainfall annual range of temperature
alam haiwan kehidupan haiwan protein haiwan masyarakat haiwan spesies haiwan kotoran haiwan sinaran pembinasaan kesan pengumuman penyata aliran tunai tahunan fasal had tahunan keluk tempoh beban tahunan
—
hujan tahunan
-
julat suhu tahunan
annual return
—
pulangan tahunan
annual wage
—
upah tahunan
annually balanced budget
-
annuitant annuity annuity formula annuity income annuity stream
—
antagonism of planning
—
antagonistic exploitation of resource ante-mortem inspection antedate anthracite 19
—
rancangan tahunan pengeluaran tahunan
—
— —
-
—
—
— — —
belanjawan tenimbang tahunan penenima anuiti anuiti formula anuiti pendapatan anuiti aliran anuiti pertentangan perancangan eksploitasi sumber saling bertentangan pemeriksaan awal awal tanikh antrasit
anthracite steam coal anthracite steam coal anti-discrimination law anti-dumping duty anti-inflationary effect anti-monopoly policy anti-racketeering anti-saving anti-saving attitude an ti-social behaviour antibiotic substance anticipate (to) anticipated cost anticipated income anticipated price anticontamination anticyclical conservation policy antiderivative antidumping antidumping restriction
apartment
— -
— — — — — — — —‘ — — — —
— — —
arang batu wap antrasit undang-undang antidiskriminasi duti antilambakan kesan antiinflasi dasar antimonopoli antikomplotan antitabungan sikap antitabungan kelakuan antisosial bahan antibiotik menjangka kos dijangka pendapatan dijangka harga dijangka anticemaran dasar pemuliharaan anti kitaran
antigonistics antilogarithm antimetallism antimode antimonopoly antimonopoly law
antiterbitan antilambak sekatan antilambakan
antitrust policy antitrust suits
antimony antimony glass antimony oxide antiquated planning method antithesis antitrust antitrust defence antitrust intervention antitrust investigation antitrust law
apartment 20
—
saling bertentangan
—
antilogaritma fahaman antilogam antimod antimonopoli undang-undang antimonopoli antimoni kaca antimoni oksida antimoni kaedah perancangan antik
—
antitesis
—
antitrust
— — — —
— — —
— —
pertahanan antitrust campur tangan antitrust penyiasatan antitrust undang-undang antitrust
—
dasar antitrust dakwaan antitrust
—
pangsapuri
—
apartment block
apartment block apartment house aperiodic aperture apogee apparent apparent equilibrium apparent expansion apparent loss appeal bond appeal decision application application to human capital applied econometrics appointment system apportionment clause apportionment in aid appraisal appraisal drilling appraisal method
appropriation doctrine (water law)
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — -
blok pangsapuri rumah pangsapuri tempoh satu; tak berkala bukaan apogi ketara keseimbangan ketara pengembangan ketara susut ketara; rugi ketara bon rayuan keputusan rayuan penggunaan; permohonan penggunaan kepada modal man usia ekonometrik gunaan. sistemjanji temu fasal pembahagian pembahagian bantuan penilaian penggerudian penilaian kaedah penilaian
appraisal process appraisal report appraisal well appraise (to) appraiser appreciation apprentice apprentice premium apprenticeship apprenticeship programme approach road appropriate grant appropriate mix appropriate technology appropriated surplus appropriation appropriation account appropriation doctrine (water law) 21
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— — — —
— -
—
-
proses penilaian laporan penilaian telaga penilaian menilai jurunilai naik nilai perantis premium perantis perantisan program perantisan jalan tuju geran sesuai campuran sesuai teknologi sesuai lebihan diasingkan pengasingan; peruntukan; pengambilgunaan akuan peruntukan; akaun pengasingan doktrin pengambilgunaan (undang-undang air)
appropriation rights
appropriation rights appropriative water rights approved application approved plan approving authority approximate estimating approximate integration approximate method approximate quantity approximately approximation apriori information apriori probability aquatic animal aquatic farming aquatic fertilization aquatic plant aquatic resource aquatic weed arable land
arc elasticity of demand
— — — — — — — — — -
— — — — — —
hak pengambilgunaan hak pengambilgunaan air permohonan diluluskan pelan diluluskan autoriti melulus penganggaran hampir integrasi hampir kaedah hampir kuantiti hampir lebih kurang penghampiran maklumat a/wioni probabiliti aprionz/ kebarangkalian aprioni haiwan akuatik perladangan akuatik penyuburan akuatik tumbuhan akuatik sumber akuatik rumpai akuatik tanah suai tanam
arbitrage arbitrager
—
arbitraj pengarbitraj
arbitrary
—
arbitrari/sembarangan
arbitrary allocation
—
arbitrary constant
—
arbitrary function
-
arbitrary lag model
—
arbitrary origin
—
arbitrary unit
—
arbitration arbitration wage arbitrator arc elasticity arc elasticity of demand
22
—
— — — — —
peruntukan arbitrari/ peruntukan sembarangan pemalar arbitrari/pemalar sembarangan fungsi abitrari/fungsi sembarangan model lat arbitrari/model lat sembarangan asalan arbitrai/asalan sembarangan unit arbitrari/unit sembarangan penimbangtaraan upah penimbangtaraan penimbangtara keanjalan lengkuk lengkuk keanjalan permintaan
artificial variable
architectural quality
architectural quality area allocation area comparability factor area conservation area congestion area manager area resettlement area sampling Argand diagram arithmetic distribution arithmetic mean arithmetic productivity index arithmetic progression arm’s length bargaining arm’s length crude price arm’s length pricing arrangement array
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— —
—
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— -
—
kualiti seni bina penuntukan kawasan faktor kebolehbandingan kawasan
array of point arrival distribution arrival pattern arrival rate arrow diagram arterial road artesian well articles of agreement articles of association artificial artificial boundary artificial digestion artificial dye artificial earth artificial fibre artificial lake artificial radioactive element artificial radioactivity artificial smog artificial variable
pemuliharaan kawasan kesesakan kawasan pengurus kawasan kawasan penempatan semula pensampelan kawasan gambar rajah Argand taburan aritmetik mm aritmetik indeks daya pengeluaran aritmetik janjang aritmetik tawar-menawar selengan harga minyak mentah selengan penentuan harga selengan pengaturan tatasusunan 23
— — — — — — —
tatasusunan titik taburan ketibaan pola ketibaan kadar ketibaan gambar rajah berpanah jalan raya utama telaga artesan syanat perjanjian
—
tataunusan pertubuhan buatan; rekaan; tiruan sempadan buatan penghadaman tinuan pencelup buatan tanah tiruan serabut buatan tasik buatan unsur radioaktif buatan
—
keradioaktifan buatan
— — — — — — — —
-
kabut buatan pemboleh ubah rekaan
asbestosis
asbestosis ascending ascending order ascending power ascension ascertainment of profit asexual reproduction ash content aspiration model assembler assembler plant assembler sheet assembly gluing assembly line assembly plant assent assess (to) assessed value assessment assessment of compensation
associable design
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asbestosis menaik susunan menaik kuasa menaik
assessment of planning assessment tax
penaikan pemastian untung pembiakan tanpajantina kandungan abu model aspirasi penghimpun; pemasang loji pemasang lembaran pemasang pelekatan pemasangan barisan pemasangan loji pemasangan persetujuan menaksir nilai tertaksir penaksiran; taksiran penaksiran pampasan; taksiran pampasan
penaksiran perancangan
—
cukai taksiran
assessor
-
jurutaksir
asset
—
aset
asset control
—
kawalan aset
asset demand for money
—
asset fixity asset position asset transfer asset value asset-generating loan assignable variation assignee assignment assignment problem assignor assistance assistant associable design 24
—
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permintaan wang sebagai aset ketegaran aset kedudukan aset pindahan aset nilai aset pinjaman menjana aset variasi boleh tentu penerima hak penyerahan hak; penugasan masalah penugasan penyerah hak bantuan penolong; pembantu reka bentuk boleh sekutu
associate
asymptotically shortest confidence interval
associate
—
bersekutu
associate director
—
pengarah bersekutu
associate equipment
—
kelengkapan berkaitan
associate industry
—
industri berkaitan
associate member
—
ahli bersekutu
associated liquids
—
cecair bersekutu
associated natural gas
—
gas ash bersekutu
associated use
—
kegunaan bersangkutan
association
—
persatuan
association scheme
—
skim hubungan
associationist
—
fahaman bersekutu
associationist psychology
—
psikologi fahaman bersekutu
associative
—
sekutuan
associativity assorting process
— —
asymmetrical frequency curve
—
keluk frekuensi tak simetri/ keluk kekerapan tak simetri
asymptote
—
asimptot
asymptotic
—
asimptot
asymptotic bias
—
bias asimptot
asymptotic dense
-
tumpat asimptot
asymptotic efficiency
—
kecekapan asimptot
asymptotic expectation
-
asymptotic function
—
asymptotic normality distribution asymptotic property of estimator
—
-
jangkaan asimptot fungsi asimptot taburan kenormalan asimptot sifat penganggar asimptot
kesekutuan proses menganeka
asymptotic result
-
keputusan asimptot
asymptotic unbiasedness
—
ketakbiasan asimptot
assortment
—
peranekaan
asymptotic value
—
nilai asimptot
assumed bond
-
hon ambil alih
asymptotic variance
—
varian asimptot
assumption
—
andaian
assurance
—
asurans
asymptotically shortest confidence interval 25
—
jeda keyakinan terpendek secara asimptot
asymptotically unbiased test asymptotically unbiased test at a discount at a premium at cost at par at sight atmosphere effect atmosphere system atmospheric concentration atmospheric diffusion model atmospheric electricity atmospheric pollution atmospheric pressure atmospheric visibility atmospheric water rights atom building atom creation atomic electricity plant atomic energy
attestation
—
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— — — — — — — — —
ujian saksama tak bias asimptot dengan diskaun dengan premium mengikut kos; pada kos pada tara bila tampak kesan atmosfera sistem atmosfera penumpuan atmosfera model resapan atmosfera
atomic fission atomic fussion atomic heat atomic mass atomic percentage atomic power plant atomic property atomic refraction atomic scattering factor atomic species atomic transformation atomic weapon atomistic industry attainable capacity attending lines attenuation attenuation coefficient
elektrik atmosfera pencemaran atmosfera tekanan atmosfera kebolehlihatan atmosfera hak air atmosfera pembinaan atom penciptaan atom loji elektrik atom tenaga atom
attenuation compensation attenuator attestation 26
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
—
—
pemecahan atom pencantuman atom haba atom jisim atom peratusan atom loji kuasa atom sifat atom pembiasan atom faktor sebaran atom spesies atom transformasi atom senjata atom industri kecil keupayaan boleh capai kapal pengiring pengurangan; rosotan pekali pengurangan/ koefisien pengurangan pampasan rosotan perosot penyaksian
attested copy
attested copy attitude survey attitude towards risk attraction attribute auction auction buyer auction charge auction development auction facility auction labour requirement auction location auction market auction operating method auction operating problem auction ownership auction pricing problem auction sales auction seller
autocorrelated disturbance
— — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — —
—
—
salman tersaksi kaji sehidik sikap sikap terhadap risiko tarikan sifat lelong pembeli lelong caj helong kemajuan lelong kemudahan lelong keperluan buruh lelong
jualan Jelong
auction selling procedure auction size auction volume auctioneer audit auditing ‘auditor auditorium augment augmented matrix augmented problem augmented solution austerity austerity programme autarchy autarchy equilibrium authorized capital authorized person authoritative document autocorrelated
penjual lelong
autocorrelated disturbance
letakan lelong pasar lelong; pasaran lelong kaedah kendalian lelong masalah kendalian lelong pemilikan lelong masalah penentuan harga lelong
27
— — — —
— — — —
— — — — —
tatacara penjualan lelong saiz lelong jumlah lelong jurulelong audit pengauditan juruaudit auditorium imbuh matriks imbuhan masalah imbuhan penyelesaian imbuhan jimat cermat program jimat cermat autarki keseimbangan autarki
—
modal dibenarkan orang diberi kuasa dokumen berautoriti berautokorelasi
—
gangguan berautokorelasi
—
autocorrelated matrix
autocorrelated matrix autocorrelation autocorrelation coefficient autoemission control automatic control automatic cover automatic data processing automatic gold mechanism automatic merchandizing automatic saving automatic stabilizer automatic transfer automatic wage adjustment automaticity of tax revenue automation automobile automobile emission standard automotive emission
auxiliary capital
— —
—
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— -
— — —
— —
—
matriks berautokorelasi autokorelasi
automotive emission control autonomous investment autonomous items autonomous regeneration
pekali autokorelasi/ koefisien autokorelasi kawalan kotoran asap kereta kawalan automatik lindungan automatik pemprosesan data automatik mekanisme emas automatik
autonomous regional growth
niaga dagang automatik simpanan automatik penstabil automatik pindahan automatik
—
—
butiran autonomi pembaharuan autonomI pertumbuhan wilayah autonomi
—
tarif autonomi
autonomous variable
-
pemboleh ubah autonomi
autonomy of relationship
—
autonomi perhubungan
autoregressive moving average (A.R.M.A.)
automasi kenderaan bermotor piawai sebaran asap kenderaan bermotor
autoregressive of order n autoregressive of order one autoregressive process autoregressive scheme
kotoran asap kenderaan bermotor
autoregressive system auxiliary capital 28
-
kawalan kotoran asap kenderaan bermotor pelaburan autonomi
autonomous tariff
autoregression autoregressive model
peharasan upah automatik keautomatikan hasil cukai
—
— —
—
— — — —
— —
autoregresi model autoregresif purata bergerak autoregresif autoregresif taraf n autoregresif taraf satu proses autoregresif skim autoregresif sistem autoregresif modal tambahan
auxiliary variable
auxiliary variable available energy average average cost average cost/average total cost
average propensity to save
— — — — —
pemboleh ubah bantu tenaga tersedia purata kos purata kos purata/jumlah kos purata
average cost curve
—
keluk kos purata
average cost pricing
—
penentuan harga kos purata
—
kaedah nilai genting purata
average critical value method average deviation
—
sisihan purata
average elasticity
—
keanjalan purata
average error
—
average factor cost
—
average family size
—
average farm income average fixed cost average fixed cost curve average freight rate assessment
average gradient
—
kecerunan purata
average inaccuracy
—
ketaktepatan purata
average income
—
pendapatan purata
average investment
—
pelaburan purata
average labour productivity
—
average life
—
hayat purata
average net revenue
—
hasil bersih purata
average period
-
tempoh purata
-
penggunaan tetap purata
average permanent consumption
daya pengeluaran buruh purata
selisih purata; ralat purata kos faktor purata
average permanent income
—
pendapatan tetap purata
average product
—
keluaran purata
average product of labour
—
keluaran purata buruh
average production cost
—
kos pengeluaran purata
—
saiz keluarga purata pendapatan ladang purata kos tetap purata
—
keluk kos tetap purata
—
—
average propensity to consume
taksiran kadar tambang purata
average propensity to save
29
—
—
kecenderungan mengguna purata kecenderungan menabung purata
average quality protection
average quality protection average queue size average rate average returns average revenue/average total revenue average sample number function average speed
axiomatic method
—
— — — —
-
—
perlindungan kuahiti purata saiz giliran purata kadar purata pulangan purata hasil purata/jumlah hasil purata fungsi nombor sampel purata kelajuan purata
average tax rate average variable cost average variable cost curve average velocity avian resource . axial planning axiom axiom of choice axiomatic method
30
— — — — — — — — —
kadar cukai purata kos berubah purata keluk kos berubah purata halaju purata sumber burung perancangan paksian aksiom aksiom pilihan kaedah aksiomatik
bactericide
back flow
B back back back back back back back
backing a bill flow freight haul lane order pay to back credit
—
aliran balik tambang lewat-tarikh angkutan balik lorong belakang pesanan tertangguh bayaran tunggakan kredit imbang balas
backdate
-
undur tarikh
backdated cheque
—
cek diundur tarikh
back-filling back-haul transportation back-to-back house backcast backdoor financing backer background radiation backhaul rate backing
— — — — — —
— —
— — — —
— —
backing currency backlog backlog demand backshift operator backtracking backward area backward country backward difference backward equation backward integration backward linkage backward shifting
kambus masalah pengangkutan hala balik rumah belakang ke belakang ramalan ke belakang pembiayaan pintu belakang penyokong sinaran latar belakang
backward-bending supply curve backwardation backwardness backwash effect bacterial blight bactericide
kadar angkut hala balik sandaran 31
—
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penjamin bil/penyandaran bil mata wang sandaran Iantukan/timbunan permintaan lantukan operator anjak ke belakang pengesanan kembali kawasan mundur negara mundur bezaan ke belakang persamaan ke belakang integrasi ke belakang rantaian ke belakang alihan ke belakang
—
keluk penawaran melengkok ke belakang bayaran tangguh serah kemunduran
—
kesan surutan
—
—
— —
hawar bakteria racun bakteria
bad debt bad debt bad debt reserve bad money baggage bailee’s lien bait advertising balance balance bond balance certificate balance date balance day balance day adjustment balance due balance equation balance for international payment balance of indebtedness balance of international payment balance of nature balance of payment
balanced growth hutang lapuk rizab hutang lapuk wang cacat bagasi lien dijamin pengiklanan umpan imbangan; baki bon imbangan perakuan baki tarikh imbangan han imbangan pelarasan hai-i imbangan baki belum selesai
balance of trade balance of trade doctrine
balanced budget multiplier
—
balanced budget theorem
—
—
persamaan seimbang baki untuk bayaran antarabangsa baki terhutang imbangan pembayaran antarabangsa imbangan alam
—
imbangan pembayaran
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
— —
balance on regular transaction balance overdue balance sheet balance sheet account balance sheet analysis balance-of-labour doctrine balanced budget balanced budget change
balanced classification balanced economy balanced farming balanced growth 32
— -
—
—
— — — —
-
— — —
imbangan perdagangan doktrin imbangan perdagangan baki atas urus niaga biasa baki lebih tempoh kunci kira-kira akaun kunci kira-kira analisis kunci kira-kira doktrin imbangan buruh belanjawan tenimbang perubahan belanjawan terimbang pengganda belanjawan terimbang teorem belanjawan terimbang pengelasan terimbang ekonorni terimbang perladangan terimbang pertumbuhan tenimbang
balanced growth h~othesis
balanced growth hypothesis balanced growth path balanced growth strategy balanced incomplete block balanced population balanced trade balancing an account balancing item Balassa’s method balking (queue) balloon payment band chart band proposal bandwagon effect bank acceptance bank account bank advance
bank guarantee
-
—
-
—
— — —
—
— — — — — — —
hipotesis pertumbuhan terimbang laluan pertumbuhan terimbang strategi pertumbuhan terimbang
bank bill bank call
—
bank chain bank charge
-
Bank Charter Act
-
bank cheque bank clearance
blok tak lengkap terimbang penduduk terimbang perdagangan terimbang mengimbangkan akaun butiran pengimbang
bank clearing bank commission bank consortium bank credit bank currency bank custody bank debit
kaedah Balassa enggan (giliran) bayaran belon cartajalur cadangan jalur kesan turut ramai penerimaan bank akaun bank pendahuluan bank
bank deposit bank discount
33
—
—
—
— — — — — —
bil bank panggilan bank rantaian bank caj bank Akta Piagam Bank cek bank jelasan bank penjelasan bank komisen bank konsortium bank kredit bank mata wang bank jagaan bank debit bank
bank draft
-
deposit bank diskaun bank draf bank
bank examiner
—
pemeriksa bank
bank for cooperative
-
bank guarantee
—
-
bank untuk koperasi jaminan bank
bank money
bank money bank note bank of circulation bank of deposit bank of discount bank of issue bank overdraft bank passbook bank pass sheet bank portfolio bank rate bank reconciliation statement bank reserve bank restriction bank return bank run bank statement banker banker’s acceptance banker’s bank
bargaining theory (wage)
— —
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — -
wang bank nota bank; wang kertas bank
banker’s reference banking Banking Act
bank penerbit bank deposit bank diskaun bank penerbit overdraf bank buku simpanan bank lembaran simpanan bank portfolio bank kadar bank penyata penyesuaian bank
banking company banking expert banking principle Banking School banking system bankrupt bankruptcy bar chart bar graph bargain bargaining
nizab bank pembatasan bank kenyataan bank serbuan bank penyata bank jurubank persetujuan jurubank bank kepada bank
pengakuan jurubank urusan bank
— — —
Akta Bank syarikat urusan bank pakar urusan bank prinsip urusan bank
—
Mazhab Bank sistem urusan bank bankrap/muflis kebankrapan carta turus graf turus menawar/berunding tawar-menawar
bargaining association
—
persatuan tawar-menawar
bargaining cost
—
kos tawar-menawar
bargaining market
—
pasar tawar-menawar
bargaining power bargaining strength bargaining theory (wage) 34
-
-
— — — — —
—
kuasa tawar-menawar kekuatan tawar-menawar
—
teori tawar-menawar (upah)
—
basic drive
barns improvement barns improvement
-
pembaikan bangsal
basalt (igneous rock)
—
basalt (batu igneus)
barometer stock
—
saham penunjuk pasaran
base
—
asas
barrels per day
—
tong per han
base e
—
asase
kawasan tandus tanah tak bergalian wang mandul halangan persaingan sekatan kemasukan/ halangan kemasukan barter/tukar barang
base for price setting
—
barren area barren ground barren money barrier of competition barriers to entry
— — — — —
barter
—
barter dump
—
barter economy
-
barter system
—
barter terms of trade
—
barter transaction
—
base base base base
map metal price of income tax pay
base period base price base rate base year base year method basic basic balance basic binary variable
lambakan barter/lambakan tukar barang ekonomi barter/ekonomi tukar barang sistem barter/sistem tukar barang kadar syarat perdagangan barter/kadar syarat perdagangan tukar barang
35
— — —
asas peletakan harga peta pangkalan harga logam asas asas cukai pendapatan bayaran asas
-
tempoh asas harga asas kadar asas tahun asas kaedah tahun asas basis; asas baki asas pemboleh ubah dedua basis
basic cell
—
sel basis
basic concept
—
konsep asas
basic data basic drive
urus niaga barter
-
— — — — — —
— —
data asas desakan asas
basic dye basic dye basic employment multiplier basic energy basic energy requirement basic feasible solution basic insfrastructure basic map basic needs basic plan basic principle basic quantity basic research basic service basic skill basic solution basic variable basic wage basic yield basic-point price system
bearer bond
— —
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
pencelup asas pengganda guna tenaga asas tenaga asas keperluan tenaga asas penyelesaian boleh laksana basis infrastruktur asas peta asas keperluan asas pelan asas prinsip asas kuantiti asas penyelidikan asas perkhidmatan asas kemahiran asas penyelesaian basis pemboleh ubah basis upah asas kadar hasil asas sistem harga titik asas
basic-point system basin (inland drainage) batch cost battery system battle of method bauxite Bayer process Bayes theorem Bayes’s loss Bayes’s Law Bayesian analysis Bayesian approach Bayesian decision Bayesian decision strategy Bayesian decision theory Bayesian estimate Bayesian inference Bayesian statistical method bear market bearer bond 36
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
sistem titik asas lembangan (salman darat) kos kelompok sistem bateri percanggahan kaedah bauksit proses Bayer teorem Bayes kerugian Bayes Hukum Bayes analisis Bayes pendekatan Bayes keputusan Bayes strategi keputusan Bayes teori keputusan Bayes anggaran Bayes inferens Bayes/penaabiran Bayes kaedah statistik Bayes pasaran bear bon pembawa
bearer certificate bearer certificate bearer cheque bearer security Becher’s principle bed beef cattle price beef cattle production beef enterprise beef fattening beet sugar refining beggar-my-neighbour policy behaviour forecast behavioural equation behavioural pattern behavioural space bell-shaped distribution Bellman’s principle of optimality below par benefit
Bernoulli’s hypothesis
— —
— — — —
— — — —
sijil pembawa cek pembawa sekuniti pembawa prinsip Becher dasar; tapak harga lembu daging pengeluaran lembu daging perusahaan daging lembu penggemukan lembu daging penapisan gula bit dasar memapakan jiran ramalan kelakuan persamaan kelakuan pola kelakuan ruang kelakuan
-
taburan berbentuk loceng prinsip keoptimalan Bellman bawah tara
—
faedah
— —
benefit basis for taxation benefit evaluation benefit externality benefit pervasive benefit principle benefit region benefit snatching benefit theory benefit-cost analysis benefit-cost approach benefit-cost criterion benefit-cost ratio benzene benzene nucleus bequest bequesthing power Bernoulli distribution Bernoulli equation Bernoulli trial Bernoulli variable Bernoulli’s hypothesis 37
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
asas faedah pencukaian penilaian faedah eksternaliti faedah faedah tertelds prinsip faedah kawasan faedah rampasan faedah teoni faedah (cukai) analisis faedah-kos pendekatan faedah-kos kriteria faedah-kos nisbah faedah-kos benzena nukleus benzena warisan; pewarisan kuasa pewasiatan taburan Bernoulli persamaan Bernoulli percubaan Bernoulli pemboleh ubah Bernoulli hipotesis Bernoulli
beryffluin
beryllium beryllium oxide best asymptotically normal estimator best bid best critical region best easy systematic estimator best fit line best guess best guess estimate best linear unbiased estimator best linear unbiased S estimator best unbiased estimator beta distribution beta function betterment charge (land) betterment levy (land) betterment value
bilateral flow
— —
—
— — —
—
—. — —
—
—
— -
—
betting taxation between-the-rows beverage container beverage container deposit biased estimate biased estimator bid bidding model biennial crops big brother plan big dam concept big push big-push theory big-M method bilateral bilateral agreement bilateral assistance bilateral exchange bilateral exponential distribution bilateral flow
benilium berilium oksida penganggar normal terbaik asimptot bida terbaik kawasan genting terbaik penganggar sistematik mudah terbaik garis padanan terbaik tekaan terbaik anggaran tekaan terbaik penganggar tak bias linear terbaik penganggar S tak bias linear terbaik penganggar tak bias terbaik taburan beta fungsi beta caj pembaikan (tanah) levi pembaikan (tanah) nilai pembaikan 38
—
pencukaian pertaruhan di antara barisan bekas minuman deposit bekas minuman anggaran terbias penganggar terbias bida model pembidaan tanaman dua musim rancangan contoh abang konsep empangan besar tolakan raksasa teori tolakan raksasa kaedah M besar dua hala perjanjian dua hala bantuan dua hala pertukaran dua hala taburan eksponen dna hala
—
aliran dua hala
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
bilateral monopoly
bilateral monopoly bilateral oligopoly bilateral trade bilateralism bilinear function bilinear funtional bill bill of exchange bill of lading bill of materials bimetallism bimetallism system bimodal frequency curve binary operation binary variable binding constraint binomial coefficient binomial distribution binomial expansion
biological survey
— — —
— — — — — — — —
— — —
—
monopoli dua hala oligopoli dua hala perdagangan dua hala kedwihalaan
binomial experiment binomial formula binomial population binomial waiting-time distribution biochemical action
fungsi dwilinear fungsian dwilinear bil bil pertukaran bil muatan kapal bil bahan kedwilogaman sistem kedwilogaman keluk frekuensi dwimod/ keluk kekerapan dwimod pengendalian dedua pemboleh ubah dedua konstren terikat pekali binomial/koefisien binomial taburan binomial pengembangan binomial
biogeochemical cycle biological community biological concentration biological conservation biological control biological discrimination biological energy biological homogenous region biological process biological production biological productivity biological relationship biological resource biological survey 39
— — — —
— — — — -
— — — —
uji kaji binomial formula binomial populasi binomial taburan masa menunggu binomial tindakan biokimia kitaran biogeokimia komuniti biologi kepekatan biologi pemuliharaan biologi kawalan biologi diskriminasi biologi tenaga biologi wilayah homogen biologi proses biologi pengeluaran biologi daya pengeluaran biologi perhubungan biologi sumber biologi kaji selidik biologi
biological treatment (water)
biological treatment (water) biomass biosphere biotic influence birds park bird’s eye view
block plan
—
— — — — —
rawatan biologi (air)
bivariate transformation
biojisim biosfera pengaruh biotik taman burung tinjauan umum; pandangan dan udara
black alum black antimony black body radiation black market black money black platinum blank bill blank cheque blank transfer blanket policy bleaching agent bleaching powder blight blighted area
birth rate
—
kadar kelahiran
birth sex ratio
—
nisbah jantina kelahiran
birth statistics birth-and-death process birth-rate forecasting bituminous coal bituminous rock bivariate cumulative distribution bivariate distribution bivariate frequency distribution
— —
— —
-
-
—
statistik kelahiran proses kelahiran dan kematian peramalan kadar kelahiran arang batu bitumen batu bitumen taburan kumulatif dwipemboleh ubah taburan dwipemboleh ubah
blind valley bliss point
taburan frekuensi/kekerapan dwipemboleh ubah 40
-
— — — — — — — — — — —
transformasi dwipemboleh ubah tawas hitam antimoni hitam sinaran jasad hitam pasaran gelap wang gelap platinum hitam bil kosong cek kosong pindah milik kosong dasar menyeluruh agen peluntur serbuk peluntur pupus kawasan pupus lembah mati
block grant
-
titik kesejahteraan/titik kebahagiaan geran blok
block plan
—
pelan blok
—
block-level planning
boundary pillar
block-level planning
—
perancangan peringkat blok
blockade
—
sekatan
blockaded entry.
—
kemasukan tersekat
blocked account
—
akaun terhad
blocked credit
—
kredit terhad
blocked currency blocking blue-collar job boarding house bog formation boiler mud boiling water reactor Bolshevism bond bond value table bonus bonus share book value book-keeping boom
— — — — — — — -
— — —
— —
bordeaux mixture border migration border trade borrowed capital borrowed reserve borrower borrowing borrowing cost borrowing rate borrowing rule bottleneck bottleneck inflation bottom-up policy bottom-up problem planning bounced cheque bound boundary condition boundary limit boundary line boundary pillar
mata wang terhad pemblokan; hadangan kerja kolar biru rumah penginapan pembentukan rawa lumpur dandang reàktor air didih Bolshevisme hon jadual nilai bon bonus syer bonus nilai buku simpan kira melambung 41
— — — — — — — — — — — — -
— — — — -
campuran bordeaux penghijrahan sempadan perdagangan sempadan modal pinjaman rizab pinjaman peminjam peminjaman kos peminjaman kadar pinjaman peraturan peminjaman sesakan inflasi sesak dasar bawah ke atas masalah bawah ke atas (perancangan) cek lambung batas syarat sempadan had sempadan garis sempadan tiang sempadan
boundary point
boundary point boundary redesignation boundary solution boundary stone boundary value problem bounded function bounded set bounded variable bounding bounty bourgeois bourse box diagram Box-Jenkins approach Box-Jenkins model boxer indemnity boycott brain drain brainstorming branch
break-even point analysis
— -
— —
— — —
— — — — — — — — —
— —
titik sempadan penandaan semula sempadan penyelesaian sempadan batu sempadan
branch branch branch branch branch
masalah nilai sempadan fungsi berbatas set berbatas
bank banking clearing house house packer
branch-and-bound technique branching process brand brand awareness brand consciousness brand names branding of product brass break point break-even break-even budget break-even chart break-even point
pemboleh ubah berbatas pencantuman baunti borjuis bursa gambar rajah kotak pendekatan Box-Jenkins model Box-Jenkins ganti rugi peninju pemulauan penghijrahan cendekiawan pemerahan fikiran cawangan; cabangan
break-even point analysis 42
— — — — -
—
—
bank cawangan urusan bank cawangan penjelasan cawangan gedung cawangan gedung pembungkus cawangan teknik cabangan dan batasan proses pencabang
—
jenama kesedaran jenama pementingan jenama jeflama penjenamaan keluaran loyang takat putus pulang-modal belanjawan pulang-modal carta pulang-modal titik pulang-modal
—
analisis titik pulang-modal
— — — —
—
breakdown allowance
breakdown alIo~ance breakdown of cost breeder reactor breeding fee breeding habitat breeding practice breeding ratio breeding stock brewery bribe bridge clearance bridging loan British thermal unit broad assortment broken line graph broker brokerage bronze brought down brought forward budget
building code
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
elaun kerosakan pecahan kos reaktor pembiak bayaran pembiakan habitat pembiakan amalan pembiakan nisbah pembiakan stok pembiakan kilang arak rasuah kelegaan jambatan pinjaman penyambung unit terma British penjenisan bias graf garis terputus broker brokeraj gangsa bawa ke bawah bawa ke hadapan belanjawan
budget constraint budget cycle budget equation budget line budget loan budget model budget period budget presentation budget reform budget space budget surplus budget survey data budget system budgetary balance budgetary control budgetary planning budgeting budgeting change buffer stock buildable land building code 43
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
konstren belanjawan kitaran belanjawan persamaan belanjawan garis belanjawan pinjaman belanjawan model belanjawan tempoh belanjawan pembentangan belanjawan reformasi belanjawan ruang belanjawan lebihan belanjawan data kaji selidik belanjawan sistem belanjawan baki belanjawan kawalan belanjawan perancangan belanjawan pembelanjawanan perubahan pembelanjawanan stok penimbal tanah boleh dimajukan kanun bangunan
building coefficient
building coefficient building complex building control building cost building density building development building land building legislation building line building lot building material building method building operation building owner building permit building phase building plot building preservation building regulation
bullion
—
— —
— —
— — — — — — — — — — —
— —
pekali bangunan/koefisien bangunan kompleks bangunan kawalan bangunan; kawalan pembinaan kos bangunan kepadatan bangunan kemajuan bangunan
building renovation building research station building rights building site building site value building society building structure building system building technology built-up area built-in flexibility built-in stabilizer bulk arrival bulk buying bulk queue bulk queue model bulk sale bulk service bull market bullion
tanah bangunan perundangan bangunan garisan bangunan lot bangunan bahan bangunan kaedah bangunan operasi pembinaan pemilik bangunan permit bangunan fasa pembinaan plot bangunan pemuliharaan bangunan peraturan bangunan 44
— —
— — — -
— — — — — — — — — — — —
pengubahsuaian bangunan stesen penyelidikan bangunan hak pembinaan tapak bangunan nilai tapak bangunan persatuan pembinaan strukfur bangunan sistem bangunan teknologi binaan kawasan binaan kefleksibelan tersedia penstabil tersedia ketibaan pukal pembelian pukal giliran pukal model giliran pukal jualan pukal perkhidmatan pukal pasaran bull bulion
business use
bullion report
bullion report bullionist bullionist controversy
bunker coal bunker oil bunker station burden burden of public debt burden sharing burden transfer bureau bureaucracy bureaucracy role burial ground bus bay bus shelter business business area business barometer
— — —
— — — — —
— — —
— — — -
laporan bulion fahaman bulion percanggahan fahaman bulion/kontroversi fahaman bulion arang batu bunker minyak bunker stesen bunker beban beban hutang negara kongsi beban pindahan beban biro birokrasi peranan birokrasi tanah perkuburan ruang perhentian has
business community business cooperative business credit business cycle business cycle analysis business cycle theory
tempat teduh bas perniagaan kawasan perniagaan penunjuk perniagaan
business tax business transaction business trend
business expense business failure business fluctuation business organization business premise business risk business risk measurement business risk premium business saving
business use 45
— — — — -
— — — — —
-
— —
—
komuniti perniagaan koperasi perniagaan kredit perniagaan kitaran perniagaan analisis kitaran perniagaan teori kitaran perniagaan belanja perniagaan kegagalan perniagaan turun naik perniagaan organisasi perniagaan tempat perniagaan risiko perniagaan pengukuran risiko perniagaan premium risiko perniagaan tabungan perniagaan/ simpanan perniagaan cukai perniagaan
—
urus niaga perniagaan arah aliran perniagaan
—
kegunaan perniagaan
—
business venture
business venture business wealth business zone businessman busy period busy period distribution butene buy buy out buy-back price buyer buyer concentration buyer order
by-product
— — — — — — — — —
usaha niaga kekayaan perniagaan zon perniagaan ahli perniagaan/peniaga tempoh sibuk taburan tempoh sibuk butena beli beli habis harga beli balik pembeli tumpuan pembeli peraturan pembeli
buyer’s market buyer’s monopoly buyer’s option buyer’s strike buyer’s surplus buying agent buying habit buying in buying office buying station by-bidding by-product
46
— — — — — — — — -
pasaran pembeli monopoli pembeli opsyen pembeli mogok pembeli lebihan pembeli agen pembeli tabiat pembelian pembelian dalam pejabat pembelian stesen pembelian pembidaan sampingan keluaran sampingan
cable
canning
C cable cable credit cable transfer cadastre Cagan’s adaptive expectation model calcareous soil calcium metabolism calcium salt calculated interest calculating machine calculus calculus of variation calendar month calendar year call account call in advance call in arrears call loan
— — — — —
— — — — —
kabel/kawat kredit kawat pindahan secara kawat kadaster model jangkaan mudah suai Cagan tanah berkapur metabolisme kalsium garam kalsium bunga dikira mesin kira kalkulus kalkulus variasi
—
bulan kalendar tahun kalendar akaun panggilan
—
panggilan terdahulu
—
— —
call money
—
wang panggilan
call price
-
harga penebusan
callable
—
boleh panggil
callable bond callable share called up capital calorie calorific value Cambridge equation camphor camphorated opium Canada turpentine canal bank canal rays canalization cancellation law cancer cure cancer rate cannel coal
panggilan tunggakan pinjaman panggilan
canning 47
— — — — — — -
—
bon boleh panggil syer boleh panggil modal panggilan kalori nilai kalori persamaan Cambridge kapur barus candu berkapur barus turpentin Kanada tebing terusan jejari terusan penyaluran hukum pembatalan rawatan barah
—
kadar barah arang batu kanel
—
mengetin/pengetinan
-
canning waste
canning waste canonical analysis canonical correlation canonical form canvass check capacity capacity constraint capacity expansion capacity of stream capacity of well capacity to absorb capital capacity to import capital capital account capital account balance
capital fragmentation
aset modal peluasan modal belanjawan modal pembelanjawanan modal caj modal ibu kota
buangan kaleng analisis kanonik korelasi kanonik bentuk kanonik semakan teliti kapasiti; keupayaan
capital asset capital broadening capital budget capital budgeting capital charge capital city
konstren kapasiti pembesaran kapasiti kapasiti sungai kapasiti telaga
capital coefficient
—
capital constraint
—
konstren modal
capital consumption
-
penggunaan modal
capital cost
—
kos modal
—
keupayaan menyerap modal keupayaan mengimport
-
modal
capital duty capital equipment
— — — — — —
— — — —
—
capital depreciation
—
akaun modal imbangan akaun modal
capital account effects
—
kesan akaun modal
capital accumulation
-
pengumpulan modal
capital acquisition
—
perolehan modal
capital allocation
-
peruntukan modal
capital flow capital formation
capital appreciation
—
naik nilai modal
capital fragmentation
—
capital expenditure capital export capital flight
48
— — — — —
pekali modal/koefisien mod~al
—
susut nilai modal dud modal
—
peralatan modal
—
perbelanjaan modal
—
—
eksport modal larian modal
—
aliran modal
—
— —
pembentukan modal pemecahan modal
capital theory of value
capital fundamentalism
capital fundamentalism capital gain capital gain tax capital gain taxation capital gain treatment capital gearing capital goods capital goods taxation capital imperfection capital inflow capital intensity capital intensive capital intensive method capital intensive technology capital investment capital issue capital levy capital loss capital market
-
—
— —
—
— -
— — — —
— — — —
fundamentalisme modal
capital movement
—
pergerakan modal
laba modal/keuntungan modal cukai laba modal pencukaian laba modal
capital net worth
—
nilai bersih modal
capital outflow
—
aliran keluar modal
capital output ratio
-
pengolahan laba modal penggearan modal
capital ownership capital protection capital rate of return
barang modal pencukaian barang modal ketaksempurnaan modal
capital rationing capital recovery capital requirement capital reserve capital saving capital scarcity
aliran masuk modal keamatan modal intensif modal kaedah intensif modal teknologi berintensif modal
capital security capital stock capital stock adjustment capital structure capital supply capital surplus capital theory of value
pelaburan modal terbitan modal levi modal kerugian modal pasaran modal 49
-
-
— — -
— —
— — — — —
nisbah output modal pemilikan modal perlindungan modal kadar pulangan modal pencatuan modal pemulihan modal keperluan modal rizab modal penjimatan modal kekurangan modal keselamatan modal stok modal penyesuaian stok modal struktur modal penawaran modal lebihan modal teori nilai modal
capital transaction
capital transaction capital transfer capital turnover capital turnover ratio capital using capital value
carbonaceous shale
— -
— -
urus niaga modal pindahan modal pusing ganti modal nisbah pusing ganti modal
capitalist development capitalist sector capitalistic production
—
mengguna modal nilai modal
capitation tax
—
cukal kepala
captive market
—
pasaran terbolot
perubahan teknologi berimbuhan modal nisbah modal-buruh
-
nisbah modal-tanah nisbah modal-output
capitalization
-
pemodalan
carbide carbohydrate carbon carbon adsorption carbon bronze carbon cycle
capitalization of reserve
—
pemodalan rizab
carbon dioxide
—
proses pemodalan kadar pemodalan nilai pemodalan
-
untung dipermodalkan
carbon carbon carbon carbon
—
nilai dipermodalkan
carbon tetrachloride
kapitalisme kelas kapitalis
carbonaceous carbonaceous shale
capital-augmenting technological change capital-labour ratio capital-land ratio capital-output ratio
capitalization process capitalization rate capitalization value capitalized profli capitalized value capitalism capitalist class
—
-
—
— —
—
50
disulfide filament monoxide steel
— —
pembangunan kapitalis sektor kapitalis pengeluaran secara kapitalis
—
karbid~ karbohidrat karbon penjerapan karbon gangsa karbon kitaran karbon
-
karbon dioksida
— — — —
—
karbon disulfida filamen karbon karbon monoksida keluli karbon
-
karbon tetrakiorida
— — —
— —
berkarbon syal berkarbon
carbonate
carbonate carbonate mineral carbonation carbonic acid carcass weight carcinogenic effect cardinal cardinal dominated strategy cardinal number cardinal utility cargo carload carload rate carnivorous animal carpet grass carriage carried down carried forward carry-over of losses
cash bonus
—
— — — — —
— —
— — — — —
— —
— —
karbonat
carryback carrydown
galian karbonat pengkarbonan asid karbonik berat sembelihan kesan karsinogen
-
bawa ke belakang bawa ke bawah
carryforward
—
bawa ke depan
carrying capacity
-
kapasiti mengangkut
carrying charge
—
caj mengangkut
—
kos pemilikan (inventori) bawa ke depan kartel dasar kartel
-
carrying cost (inventory) carryover cartel
kardinal strategi terdominan kardinal nombor kardinal utiliti kardinal kargo/barang muatan muatan segerabak kadar tambang muatan segerabak haiwan karnivor rumput hamparan
cartel policy cartelization Cartesian product Cartesian sequential test case study cash cash cash cash cash cash cash
angkutan dibawa ke bawah dibawa ke depan bawa kerugian ke depan 51
account advance against document at bank balance bonus
— — -
-. — — — —
pengkartelan hasil darab Cartes ujian berjujukan Cartes kajian kes wang tunai; tunai akaun tunai pendahuluan tunai tunai atas dokumen wang tunai di bank bald tunai bonus tunai
cash book
cash book cash budget cash buying cash crop
catalytic cracking
—
buku tunai belanjawan tunai
cash ratio cash rationing
—
nisbah tunai pencatuan tunai
—
pembelian tunai
cash receipts
—
penerimaan tunai
—
mesin daftar tunai
—
—
tanaman kontan
cash register
—
pembayaran tunai diskaun tunai kesamaan tunai perbelanjaan tunai aliran tunai analisis aliran tunai masalah aliran tunai penyata aliran tunai kontrak ke hadapan tunai penjanaan tunai wang tunai di tangan wang tunai dalam transit
cash rent cash reserve cash safety margin cash sale cash statement cash surrender value cash-balance approach cash-balance effect cash-balance equation cash-grain production cashier cashier’s order
cash items in collection
—
butiran tunai dalam kutipan
cash lease
—
pajakan tunai
casual contract labour casualty loss
cash on delivery (C.O.D.)
—
tunai masa serahan
catalytic converter
—
cash outflow
—
aliran keluar tunai
catalytic cracking
—
cash disbursement cash discount cash equivalent cash expense cash flow cash flow analysis cash flow problem cash flow statement cash forward contract cash generation cash in hand cash in transit
—
— — — — — — — — — — -
52
— — — — — — — — — — — —
sewa tunai rizab tunai margin keselamatan tunai jualan tunai penyata tunai nilai serab tunai pendekatan baki tunái kesan baki tunai persamaan imbangan tunai pengeluaran bijirin tunai juruwang penn tab juruwang
—
buruh kontrak sambilan
—
kerugian kemalangan pengubah mangkin pemecahan mangkin
central confidence interval
catalytic nuclear burner
catalytic nuclear burner
—
catalytic oxidation method
-
catalytic removal method
—
catastrophe
—
catastrophe theory
—
catastrophic event catch basin catch drain catchment catchment area catchment basin categorial aid categorial grant-in-aid categorized data category input catering catering service cattle raising Cauchy distribution
— -
— — — -
— — — — — —
pembakar nuklear mangkin
causal causal factor
kaedah pengoksidaan mangkin kaedah penyingkiran mangkin bencana alam
causal forecasting model causal model causal relationship causal system causally determine cause effect ceiling price cell frequency censored sample census industry center-periphery theory centering central area central bank central bank directive central bank request Central Business District
teori bencana alam penistiwa bencana alam lembangan tadah pant tadah tadahan kawasan tadahan lembangan tadahan bantuan berkategori kategoni geran bantuan data berkategoni input kategoni penyajian perkhidmatan penyajian tennakan lembu taburan Cauchy
central confidence interval 53
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
—
penyebab faktor penyebab model peramalan penyebab model penyebab perhubungan bersebab sistem penyebab penentuan sebab-musabab sebab akibat harga bumbung frekuensi sel/kekerapan sel sampel ditapis industri banci teoni pusat-pinggir pemusatan kawasan pusat bank pusat arahan bank pusat arahan bank pusat Daerah Pusat Perniagaan (DPP) jeda keyakinan menlusat
central divider
central divider central economic planning
certificate of tides
— —
central function
—
central government
—
central government tax central limit theorem central market central marketing central merit goods central moment central place theory central planner central planning central planning economy central tendency central terminal system central treatment (livestock) central value system centralization
— — —
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
pembahagi jalan perancangan ekonomi pusat fungsi utama
centralizing of marketing centre line centre of location centre of oscillation centre-periphery relation
kerajaan pusat cukai kerajaan pusat teorem had memusat pasar besar
centred moving average certainty certainty equivalence certainty monetary equivalent
pemasaran pusat barang merit utama momen memusat teori pusat setempat perancang pusat perancangan pusat ekonomi perancangan pusat kecenderungan memusat sistem terminal pusat rawatan terpenting (ternakan) sistem nilai pusat pemusatan
certificate certificate of authorization certificate of competency certificate deposit certificate of efficiency certificate of fitness certificate of incorporation certificate of origin certificate of proficiency certificate of titles 54
— —
— — —
— — — —
— —
— —
memusatkan pemasaran garisan tengah pusat letakan pusat ayunan hubungan pusat-pinggir purata bergerak terpusat kepastian kesamaan kepastian kesamaan kewangan kepastian perakuan; s~jil perakuan kuasa perakuan kebolehan sijil deposit
—
perakuan kecekapan perakuan kelayakan sijil penubuhan
—
sijil keasalan
— —
—
perakuan kemahiran pecahan geran besar
Charlier’s check
certificate on non-completion certificate on non-completion certificated building certified cheque certify cess account chain banking chain, block design chain food store chain index number chain store chained binomial model
perakuan tak siap
changes in economic scale changes in supply channel development
—
bangunan diperakukan cek diperakui memperaku
—
akaun ses
—
—
— — —
— -
urusan bank rantaian reka bentuk blok rantaian stor makanan rantaian
-
model binomial rantaian
-
dewan perniagaan
chamber of trade
—
dewan perdagangan
-
characteristic characteristic function
nombor indeks rantaian kedai rantaian
chamber of commerce chance constrained programming
channel lQcation channel of distribution Chapment-Kolmogorov equation
chantcteristic of species characteristic root characteristic value characteristic vector characterization
pemprograman terkonstren peluang/pemprograman terkekang peluang
—
— —
— — —
— -
— — —
—
perubahan dalam ekonomi bidangan perubahan pe~nawaran pembangunan saluran letakan saluran saluran agihan persamaan Chapment Kolmogorov sifat; ciii fungsi cinian ciri spesies punca ciii nilai cirian vektor cirian pencinian
charge account
—
akaun caj
charge for public service
-
caj perkhidmatan awam
chance constraint
—
konstren peluang
charge transfer
—
pemindahan caj
chance variable
-
pemboleh ubah peluang
charitable contribution
—
sumbangan amal
chance variation
—
variasi peluang
Charlier’s check
—
semakan Charlier
55
charter
charter chattel chattel mortgage cheap housing strategy cheap money cheap money policy cheapness cheapness-and-plenty doctrine Chebyshev’s inequality check list checking point checklist approach chemical action chemical antidote chemical catalyst chemical change chemical coagulation and filteration chemical deposit
child-woman ratio
—
— — — — — —
—
piagam; carter
chemical erosion chemical industry chemical oxidation chemical oxygen demand chemical spectrum chemical technology chemical weathering chemosterilization of pests cheque cheque book chequeless society Chi-square distribution chief series child labour child-care deduction
catel gadai janji catel strategi perumahan murah wang rnurah dasar wang murah kemurahan doktnin kemurahan dan banyak ketaksamaan Chebyshev
— — — — — — — —
—
senarai semakan titik penyemakan; tempat pemeriksaan pendekatan senarai-semak tindakan kimia penawar kimia mangkin kimia
—
perubahan kimia
child-care expense
—
pembekuan dan penyaringan kimia deposit kimia
child-care service
—
child-woman ratio
—
— —
— — —
—
—
56
—
— — — —
hakisan kimia industri kimia pengoksidaan kimia permintaan oksigen kimia spektrum kimia teknologi kimia luluhawa kimia pemandulan perosak cara kimia cek buku cek masyarakat tanpa cek taburan Chi-ganda dua sin utama buruh kanak-kanak potongan jagaan kanakkanak belanja jagaan kanak-kanak perkhidmatan jagaan kanakkanak nisbah kanak-kanak wanita
childbearing age
childbearing age chlorination chlorine chlorine dioxide choice between alternative choice of lender choice of optimum choice of technique choice of variable choice sales tax choice under uncertainty choice variable Chow test Christaller version Christaller’s hierarcy chrome alum chromium chronic surplus labour chronic unemployment chronological sequence
circulatory network
— — — — — —
— — —
— —
— — — —
—
umur boleh beranak pengkloninan klorin klorin dioksida pemilihan antara alternatif pemilihan pemberi pinjam pemilihan optimum pemilihan teknik pemilihan pemboleh ubah cukai jualan pilihan pemilihan dalam ketakpastian peniboleh ubah pilihan ujian Chow versi Christaller hierarki Chnistaller
cigarette tax cinder cone circuit breaker circular chart circular conic section circular flow circular flow of money circular formula circular graph circular serial correlation coefficient circular test circulating capital circulating capital model circulating water circulation circulation area circulation network circulation of money circulatory network
tawas kromium kromium buruh lebihan kronik pengangguran kronik jujukan berkronologi 57
— — — — — — — — —
— —
— — — —
— —
cukai rokok kon batu hangus pemutus litar carta bulat keratan kon membulat aliran pusingan aliran pusingan wang formula membulat grafbulat pekali korelasi bersiri membulat/koefisien korelasi bersini membulat ujian membulat modal pusingan model modal pusingan air pusingan peredaran kawasan peredaran rangkaian peredaran peredaran wang rangkaian membulat
citizen input
citizen input citric acid
classical least squares
—
-
city planner
—
city planning
-
city spread city square civic centre civic design civil debt civil rights
— —
— —
input warganegara
sebaran bandar rays medan bandar rays pusat sivik reka bentuk kawasan budaya
—
hutang awam hak awam
civilian consumption
-
penggunaan awam
clad metal
-
logam salut
claim
-
tuntutan
Clarke tax class boundary class frequency class interest class interval class length
—
— — -
—
— —
class limit class mark class midpoint class range class size class strength class structure class struggle classic depression classical analysis classical apprOach classical chi-square test classical depression analysis classical development classical economics classical economist classical economy theory classical employment theory classical energy model classical least squares
asid sitnik perancang bandar raya perancangan bandar rays
cukai Clarke sempadan kelas frekuensi kelas/kekerapan kelas kepentingan kelas jeda kelas jarak kelas 58
— — — — — — — —
— — —
—
had kelas tanda kelas titik tengah kelas julat kelas saiz kelas kekuatan kelas struktur kelas perjuangan kelas kemelesetan kiasik analisis klasik pendekatan klasik ujian khi-ganda dua klasik analisis kemelesetan klasik pembangunan klasik ekonomi klasik ahli ekonomi klasik teoni ekonomi kiasik teori guna tenaga klasik model tenaga klasik ganda dua terkecil kiasik
classical least-square model
classical least-square model classical model classical optimization theory classical period classical school classical situation classical smog classical theory classical theory of surplus labour classicist classification of credit classification of property classified data classified roads classified uses clay ironstone
climax vegetation
—
-
— — — —
— — -
— —
model ganda dua terkecil klasik model klasik teori pengoptimuman klasik tempoh klasik mazhab klasik keadaan klasik kabut klasik teori klasik teori buruh lebihan kiasik
data terkelas jalan terkelas
—
clay mineral
—
galian tanah hat
clay substance
—
bahan tanah hat
-
koloid tanah hat pecahan tanah Hat akta udara bersih apungan bersih larutan pencuci tebang habis
clearance certificate
-
perakuan pemugaran
clearance order
—
perintah pemugaran
clearance sale
—
jualan perabis
clearing clearing area clearing house clearing of land clearing the data client
pakar klasik pengelasan kredit pengelasan harta benda
kegunaan tertentu batu besi tanah hat
—
clay-colloid clay-fraction clean air act clean float cleaning solution clear felling
— — —
—
membersihkan kawasan lapang gedung penjelasan pembersihan tanah pembersihan data klien
climatic change
—
perubahan iklim
climatic control
-
pengawalan iklim
climatic energy climatic factor climax vegetation 59
—
— — -
— — -
tenaga ikhim faktor iklim tumbuh-tumbuhan puncak
clock in
clock in clock out cloddy close account closed account closed agriculture closed binary operation closed company closed corporation closed economy closed model closed population closed set closed shop closed system closing agreement closing entry closing inventory closing stock
coal protectionnism
— — — — — -
— — — — — — —
— —
—
— —
jam masuk (pejabat) jam keluar (pejabat) berketul tutup akaun akaun tertutup pertanian tertutup pengendahian dedua tertutup syarikat tertutup perbadanan tertutup ekonomi tertutup model tertutup populasi tertutup set tertutup tutup kedai; pengambilan terbatas sistem tertutup perjanjian penamat
closing the loan clothing tax exemption cluster cluster method cluster sampling cluster-size clustered random process co-owner co-partnership system co-signor coagulant coagulation coagulum coal gas coal industry coal level coal measure coal mine coal outcrop coal protectionnism
catatan penutup inventoni penutup stok akhir/stok penutup 60
— — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
menutup pinjaman pengecualian cukal pakaian gugusan kaedah gugusan pensampelan gugusan saiz gugusan proses rambang bergugus pemilik bersama sistem seperkongsian penandatangan bersama bahan penggumpal penggumpalan gumpalan gas arang batu industri arang batu lapisan arang batu ukuran arang batu lombong arang batu bonjolan arang batu fahaman perhindungan arang batu
coal traffic
coal traffic coal-burning steam coalfield
coffee roaster
— —
—
perdagangan arang batu wap pembakaran arang batu kawasan arang batu
coding theorem codomain coefficient coefficient of acceleration coefficient of contingency
coalition coalition formation
—
penyatuan pembentukan penyatuan
coarse-grained sand
—
pasir kasar
Coase theorem
—
teorem Coase
coastal mangrove
—
hutan bakau pinggir laut
Cobb-Douglas analysis
-
anahisis Cobb-Douglas
Cobb-Douglas production function Cobb-Douglas profit function cobweb model
—
—
coefficient of determination coefficient of elasticity coefficient of linear correlation coefficient of multiple determination
fungsi pengeluaran CobbDouglas
-
fungsi untung Cobb-Douglas
—
model sarang lelabah
cobweb theorem
—
teorem sarang lelabah
coefficient of rank correlation
Cochran-Orcutt iteration
—
lelar Cochran-Orcutt
coefficient of variation
teorern Cochnane tatatertib amalan kaedah pengekodan
cofactor coffee roaster
Cochrane theorem code of practice coding method
— — -
61
— — — —
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
— —
teorem pengekodan kodomain koefisien/pekahi koefisien pencepatan/ pekali pencepatan koefisien kontingensi/ pekahi kontingensi koefisien penentuan/pekali penentuan koefisien keanjalan/pekahi keanjalan koefisien linear korelasi/ pekali linear korelasi koefisien penentuan berbilang/pekahi penentuan berbilang koefisien korelasi pangkat/ pekahi korelasi pangkat koefisien vaniasi/pekali variasi kofaktor perendang kopi
collusive agreement
cofunction cofunction cohort Cohort trend coin coinage coincident indicator coinsurance cohiform bacteria cohisting collapse collateral collateral security
collection cost collection of sewage collection period
—
kofungsi kohort arah ahiran Cohort syihing/duit pensyilingan/penduitan penunjuk berkebetulan insurans bersama bakteria koliform penyenaraian bersama runtuh cagaran/sandaran sekuriti sandaran/sekuriti cagaran pungutan/kutipan pusat pungutan/pusat kutipan kos pungutan pemungutan kumbahan tempoh pungutan
collection station
—
stesen pungutan
collection action
—
tindakan kolektif
collection collection centre
— — — — — — -
-
collective collective collective collective goods collective
agreement bargaining consumption consumption decision-maker
—
pembuat keputusan kolektif
— -
collective decision-making
—
collective dwelling zone
—
zon kediaman kolektif
collective goods
-
barang kolektif
collective ownership
-
pemihikan kolektif
collective plan collective want collectivization collectivism colliery
-
pembuatan keputusan kolektif
rancangan kolektif kemahuan kolektif
—
pengkolektifan kolektifisme lombong arang batu kohinear kekohinearan
collusion
-
subahat
collusive agreement
—
perjanjian bersubahat
collinear cohhinearity
62
-
perjanjian kolektif tawar-menawar kolektif penggunaan kolektif barang penggunaan kolektif
—
— — —
colonial administration
colonial administration colonial influence colonial penetration colonialism
commercial land price
— — -
-
colony
-
column
—
column effect column vector combination combination law combination of input combination rate combination sale combinatorial analysis combinatorial formula combined entry combined event combined forecast combustible gas
— — —
— —
combustion aerosol combustion furnace combustion of fuel comfort zone commerce commercial advertising commercial area commercial bank commercial complex commercial credit commercial distribution commercial energy commercial family farm
pentadbiran penjajah pengaruh penjajah penyusupan penjajah faham penjajah tanah jajahan kolum; ruangan; turus; pangsi kesan ruangan vektor ruangan kombinasi hukum kombinasi kombinasi input kadar kombinasi
— —
— — — — — — — —
aerosol pembakaran relau pembakaran pembakaran bahan api zon selesa perdagangan pengiklanan perdagangan kawasan perdagangan bank perdagangan kompleks perdagangan kredit perdagangan agihan perdagangan tenaga perdagangan ladang keluarga perdagangan ladang perdagangan
jualan kombinasi analisis kombinasi formula kombinasi
commercial farm commercial feedlots commercial fish rearing
—
commercial gravitation
-
penggravitian perdagangan
—
catatan berkombinasi peristiwa berkombinasi ramalan disatukan
kandang makanan perdagangan ternakan ikan perdagangan
commercial land
-
-
gas boleh bakar
commercial land price
—
— — —
— —
63
—
—
tanah perdagangan harga tanah perdagangan
commercial land use
commercial land use
commodity demand elasticity
—
kegunaan tanah perdagangan
commercial oil field
—
commercial paper
—
notajanji perdagangan
commercial policy
—
dasar perdagangan
commercial rent
—
sewa perdagangan
commercial use commercial vehicle commercial zone commission commission agent commission firm commission merchant Commission on Foreign Economic Policy commitment Committee on Small Business committee on ways and means
— — — — —
— -
—
kawasan telaga minyak perdagangan
commodity
-
commodity agreement
—
commodity cartel
—
commodity composition
—.
commodity composition of demand
kegunaan perdagangan kereta perdagangan zon perdagangan komisen; suruhanjaya ejen komisen firma komisen saudagar komisen Suruhanjaya Dasar Ekonomi Luar Negeri penglibatan Jawatankuasa Perniagaan Kecil jawatankuasa tentang cara dan matlamat
commodity composition of export commodity concentration of export commodity credit corporation commodity demand elasticity
64
—
-
—
—
—
barangan/komoditi perjanjian barangan/ perjanjian komoditi kartel barangan/kartel komoditi komposisi barangan/ komposisi komoditi komposisi barangan permintaan/komposisi komoditi permintaan komposisi barangan eksport/komposisi komoditi eksport penumpuan barangan eksport/penumpuan komoditi eksp9rt perbadanan kredit barangan/perbadanan kredit komoditi keanjalan permintaan barangan/keanjalan permintaan komoditi
commodity effect
commodity transaction flow
kesan barangan/kesan komoditi
commodity stabilization
-
bursa komoditi
-
autoriti bursa komoditi
commodity stabilization service
commodity effect
-
commodity exchange commodity exchange authority commodity export instability
-
commodity loans
-
commodity map
-
commodity market
—
commodity money
—
commodity option
—
commodity price fluctuation
—
penstabilan barangan/ penstabilan komoditi
-
perkhidmatan penstabilan barangan/perkhidmatan penstabilan komoditi
-
ketakstabilan eksport barangan/ketakstabilan eksport komoditi
commodity supply elasticity
—
pinjaman barangan/ pinjaman komoditi
commodity supply function
-
peta barangan/peta komoditi
commodity tax
-
pasaran barangan/pasaran komoditi
commodity terms of trade
-
fungsi penawaran barangan/fungsi penawaran komoditi cukai barangan/cukai komoditi
wang barangan/wang komoditi
•
opsyen barangan/opsyen komoditi
commodity theory of money commodity transaction flow
turun-naik harga barangan/turun-naik harga komoditi 65
keanjalan penawaran barangan/keanjalan penawaran komoditi
—
—
kadar syarat perdagangan barangan/kadar syarat perdagangan komoditi teori wang barangan/teori wang komoditi aliran urus niaga barangan/aliran urus niaga komoditi
community interest motivation
common boundary
common boundary
—
sempadan bersama
common carrier
—
pengangkut umum
common cost
—
common )ogarithm
—
common market common price
model komunikasi
-
perkhidmatan komunikasi
-
communism
—
komunisme
communist ideology
-
ideologi komunis
communist manifesto
-
manifesto komunis
community
-
masyarakat; komuniti
-
program tindakan komuniti
—
penentuan harga bersama harta benda milik bersama/ harta benda milik umum sumber harta benda milik bersama/sumber harta benda mihik umum nisbah bersama syer biasa
—
balai raya
—
—
saham biasa
—
—
common property resource
—
communal facility communal use
-
sistem komunikasi penghubung/komunikator
common property
common-enemy rule
communication service
kos dan faedah komunikasi
pasaran bersama harga bersama
—
—
common stock
kos bersama logaritma biasa
—
communication system communicator
common pricing
common ratio common share
communication cost and benefit communication model
—
community centre community development community indifference curve
peraturan musuh bersama
—
kemudahan orang ramai kegunaan orang ramai
communicating vessel
-
kapal penghubung
communication
—
perhubungan; komunikasi
—
community action programme
community interest community interest motivation
66
—
-
pembangunan komuniti keluk puas sama komuniti
-
kepentingan komuniti
—
-
dorongan kepentingan komuniti/motivasi kepentingan komuniti
compensating balance
community life
community life community plan
—
community planning
—
community property rights
—
community service community size community spirit commutating ticket commutative commutative justice commutative law commuter commuter zone commuting expense compact notation company company integration company promoter
kehidupan komuniti rancangan masyarakat/ rancangan komuniti perancangan masyarakat/ perancangan komuniti hak harta benda milik komuniti
company share company title company-government dispute comparability comparability of data comparable comparative comparative advantage
—
perkhidmatan komuniti saiz komuniti semangat kemasyarakatan
—
tiket ulang-alik
comparative analysis
bertukar tertib keadilan bertukar tertib hukum komutatif
comparative cost comparative cost structure comparative income statement
—
— — —
— — — — — —
pekerja ulang-alik zon pekerja ulang-alik belanja berulang-alik tatatanda padat syanikat integrasi syarikat penaja syarikat
comparative inventory comparative study comparison statement compatibility compatible event compensating balance 67
—
— — —
—
— — —
syer syarikat nama syarikat pertelingkahañ kerajaan kebolehbandingan kebolehbandingan data boleh banding bandingan; berbanding kebáikan bandingan; faedah berbanding analisis berbanding kos berbanding struktur kos berbanding penyata pendapatan berbanding
—
inventori berbanding kajian bandingan penyata perbandingan keserasian
—
peristiwa serasi
—
baki pampasan
— — -
compensating error
compensating error compensating variation compensating wage differential compensation compensation and betterment (land) compensation auction compensation external compensation point compensation principle compensation provision compensation rule compensation system compensation test compensation trade compensation zone compensator compensatory financing compensatory fiscal policy
competitive goods
-
ralat pampasan vaniasi berimbangan
—
pembezaan upah pampasan
—
—
—
—
— -
— — — — — -
compensatory item compensatory payment competency competition competition among product competition-monopoly hypothesis
pampasan pampasan dan pembaikan (tanah) lelong pampasan
competitive adjustment model competitive advertising competitive bidding competitive conditions in marketing
pampasan luaran titik pampasan prinsip pampasan; prinsip ganti rugi peruntukan pampasan peraturan pampasan sistem pampasan ujian pampasan dagangan pampasan zon pampasan pemampas pembiayaan pemampasan dasar fiskal pemampasan
—
— —
—
—
butiran pemampasan bayaran pemampasan kebolehan persaingan pérsaingan antara keluaran hipotesis persaingan monopoli model pelarasan bersaingan
competitive enterprise competitive firm
—
pengiklanan bersaingan pembidaan bersaingan keadaan bersaingan dalam pemasaran permintaan saingan kesan bersaingan kesan bersaingan tarif perusahaan bersaingan
—
firma bersaingan
competitive fishery
—
perikanan bersaingan
competitive goods
—
barang bersaingan
competitive demand competitive effect competitive effect of tariff
68
-
—
— — —
completing the square
competitive industry
competitive industry
-
industri bersaingan
complementary input
—
competitive line
—
bans bersaingan
complementary of demand
-
competitive market
—
pasaran bersaingan
competitive model
—
model bersaingan
complementary product
—
keluaran pelengkap
competitive price
—
harga bersaingan
complementary slackness
—
kekenduran pelengkap
model pelarasan harga bersaingan keluaran bersaingan penawaran bersaingan
complete budget
-
belanjawan lengkap
competitive price adjustment model competitive product competitive supply competitor complement complementarity complementarity of demand complementarity of factors complementary enterprise complementary event complementary goods
—
— -
— —
—
-
—
—
pesaing pelengkap kesalinggenapan/kesalinglengkapan kesalinggenapan permintaan kesalinggenapan faktor perusahaan petiggenap
complete model
-
model lengkap
-
pemihikan penuh
complete radiation
—
sinaran penuh
complete randomization
—
perambangan lengkap
complete reaction
-
completely random arrival completely randomized design
barang penggenap/ barang pelengkap
com~4etingthe square 69
permintaan saling melengkapi
complete ownership
complete system of equation
peristiwa ‘pelengkap/ peristiwa penggenap
input pelengkap
-
—
-
-
-
tindak balas lengkap/ tindak balas penuh sistem persamaan lengkap ketibaan rambang sepenuhnya reka bentuk terambang lengkap melengkapkan ganda dua
completion of partial solution
completion of partial solution complex complex contingency table complex number complex pollutant compliance cost complicated component component analysis composite criteria composite demand composite experiment composite function composite hypothesis composite index number composite supply composite-function rule composition compound
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — —
— -
comprehensive development area
pelengkapan penyelesaian separa/pelengkapan penyelesaian sebahagian kompleks jadual kontingen kompleks nombor kompleks pencemar kompleks kos penyetujuan rumit komponen analisis komponen kriteria komposit permintaan komposit
compound amount
uji kaji komposit fungsi komposit hipotesis komposit nombor indeks komposit penawaran komposit peraturan fungsi komposit
compounding Comprador government
compound compound compound compound
distribution duty event interest
— -
—
compound lag model
-
Comprador system comprehensive budget comprehensive development comprehensive development area 70
-
compound interest rate
compound statement compounded direct marginal cost compounded house
komposisi majmuk; kompaun
—
—
—
— —
— — —
—
•
amaun kompaun taburan majmuk duti kompaun peristiwa majmuk bunga kompaun/faedah kompaun kadar bunga kompaun/ kadar faedah kompaun model tat kompaun kenyataan majmuk kos sut langsung terkompaun rumah berhalaman pengkompaunan pemerintahan Komprador sistem Komprador belanjawan komprehensif pembangunan komprehensif kawasan pembangunan’ komprehensif
comprehensive income tax
comprehensive income tax comprehensive income tax proposal comprehensive land use
concentration limit
—
—
—
—
pemampatan
—
pendekatan kompromi penyelesaian kompromi pengambilan wajib
concealment of tax
pembelian wajib
concentrated solution concentration
comprehensive planning
—
compression compromise approach compromise solution compulsory acquisition ~ompulsory purchase compulsory workmen’s compensation accident insurance
cadangan cukai pendapatan komprehensif guna tanah komprehensif
skim komprehensif dasar tenaga komprehensif
—
comprehensive scheme comprehensive energy policy
computation computation of income tax computation of parity compute (to) computer computer hardware computer language computer programming computer simulation computer software concave concave function concavity concealed coalfield
—
comprehensive plan
comprehensive planning scheme
cukai pendapatan komprehensif
—
—
— —
-
—
pelan komprehensif; rancangan komprehensif perancangan komprehensif skim perancangan komprehensif
insurans wajib ganti rugi kemalangan pekerja
concentration limit
71
-
— — — — — — — — — —
—
-
-
penghitungan; pengiraan pengiraan cukai pendapatan pengiraan pariti/ pengiraan kesetaraan menghitung/mengira komputer perkakasan komputer bahasa komputer pemprograman komputer simulasi komputer perisian komputer cekung fungsi cekung kecekungan kawasan arang batu terbenam penyembunyian cukai larutan pekat penumpuan; kepekatan had kepekatan/had penumpuan
concentration of pollutants
concentration of pollutants concentration of population concentration of service concentration of wealth concentration ratio cencentnic concentric zone theory conceptual issue concerted economy concession concession agreement conciliation conciliation for efficiency concordance analysis concretion of bauxite concurrent plan concurrent response concyclic point
confidence coefficient
—
—
— — — — — — — — —
—
— — — — —
penumpuan bahan pencemaran
condensation condensation nuclei condensation of water condition for growth condition of stability
penumpuan penduduk penumpuan perkhidmatan penumpuan kekayaan nisbah penumpuan sepusat teori zon sepusat isu konsep ekonomi rancang laksana konsesi perjanjian konsesi pendamaian
conditional conditional conditional conditional conditional conditional
conditional probability distribution
analisis persetujuan konkretan bauksit rancangan serentak tindak balas serentak titik sebulatan
conditional test condominium confidence belt confidence coefficient
72
— — — — —
approval distribution endorsement forecasting grant
conditional probability
pendamaian untuk kecekapan
—
— — — —
—
-
—
— -
pemeluwapan nukleus pemeluwapan pemeluwapan air syarat untuk pertumbuhan syarat kestabilan bersyarat kelulusan bersyarat taburan bersyarat kebenaran bersyarat peramalan bersyarat geran bersyarat probabiliti bersyarat/ kebarangkalian bersyarat taburan probabiliti bersyarat/taburan kebarangkalian bersyarat ujian bersyarat kondominium kawasan keyakinan koefisien keyakinan/ pekali keyakinan
confidence interval
confidence interval confidence limit confidence problem confidence region configuration confirmed credit confiscation conflicting application conflicting instrument conflicting preference conflicting standard of taxation confluence confused selling congested area congested goods congested urban region congestible goods congestion congestion cost congestion theory
conservation ethic
— — — — — —
— — -
— — — — — — — —
jeda keyakinan had keyakinan masalah keyakinan kawasan keyakinan tatarajah; tatabentuk kredit teraku perampasan permohonan bercanggah
conglomerate
-
konglomerat
conglomerate integration
—
integrasi konglomerat
alat bercanggah keutamaan bercanggah piawai pencukaian bercanggah kuala penjualan tak keruan kawasan sesak barang sesak wilayah bandar sesak barang boleh sesak kesesakan kos kesesakan teori kesesakan
conic section conjugate distribution conjugate pair
congress congressional action congressional budget congresional process for budget congruence
conjugate roots consequence consequential damage consequential relationship conservation conservation act
73
— -
—
— — -
— — — — — —
conservation area
-
conservation ethic
-
kongres/persidangan tindakan kongres belanjawan kongres proses kongres untuk belanjawan serba sama keratan kon taburan konjugat pasangan konjugat punca konjugat akibat kerosakan lanjutan perhubungan berakibat pemuhiharaan; pengekalan akta pemuliharaan; akta pengekalan kawasan pemuliharaan; kawasan pengekalan etika pemuliharaan
conservation movement
constant-outlay line
conservation movement — conservationist attitude — conservative path — conservative reinforcement — consideration — consignee — consignment — consignor — consistency — consistency of estimator — consistency of plan — consistency of preference — consistency postulate — consistent estimator - — constitutional power — consol consolidated balance sheet consolidated fund consolidation consortium conspicuous consumption
— — — — — —
pergerakan pengekalan sikap pemulihara laluan konservatif penguatkuasaan konservatif pertimbangan konsaini konsainan konsainor ketekalan ketekalan penganggar
constant constant arrival constant capital constant cost constant dollar constant elasticity constant elasticity of substitution constant price constant product curve constant proportional share constant ratio equation constant returns
ketekalan rancangan ketekalan keutamaan dalil ketekalan penganggar kekal kuasa perlembagaan konsol kunci kira-kira disatukan dana disatukan ‘penyatuan konsortium penggunaan lagak
-
bahagian berkadar malar
— — — — — —
—
— -
constant returns to scale
—
constant smoothing
—
constant term constant transition matrix constant variance constant-outlay line 74
—
malar; pemalar ketibaan malar modal malar kos malar dolar malär keanjalan malar keanjalan penggantian malar harga malar keluk keluaran malar
—
— — — —
persamaan nisbah malar pulangan malar pulangan malar ikut bidangan pelicinan malar sebutan pemalar matriks peralihan malar varians malar garis belanja malar
constitution
constitution constitbtional provision constrained estimation of parameter
consumer decision-making
— — —
constrained maximization
-
constrained minimization
—
constrained nonlinear problem constrained optimization
constrained response constraint • constraint model constraint on development
—
—
—
-
—
—
perlembagaan peruntukan perlembagaan penganggaran parameter terkonstren/penganggaran parameter terkekang pemaksimuman terkonstren/ pemaksimuman terkekang
constructible surface constructible zone construction industry construction sector consultancy
peminimuman terkonstren/ peminimuman terkekang masalah tak linear terkonstren/masalah tak linear terkekang pengoptimuman terkonstren/ pengoptimuman terkekang gerak balas terkonstren/ gerak bahas terkekang konstren/kekangan
consultant consultant administrator consultant farm management service consultant’s economic consultation consumer consumer advertising consumer behaviour consumer cooperative consumer credit
—
— — —
—
— -
— — —
— —
model konstren/model kekangan
consumer decision-maker
-
konstren pembangunan/ k&angan pembangunan
consumer decision-making
—
75
permukaan boleh bina zon boleh bina industri pembinaan sektor pembinaan perundingan; pemerundingan perunding pentadbir perunding perkhidmatan perundingan pengurusan ladang ekonomi perundingan perundingan pengguna pengiklanan pengguna kelakuan pengguna koperasi pengguna kredit pengguna pembuat keputusan pengguna pembuatan keputusan pengguna
consumer durable
consumer durable
consumption cost of tariff
-
consumer excess burden
-
consumer food expenses
-
consumer goods consumer habit consumer income consumer insistence consumer likes consumer needs consumer offer consumer organism consumer potential consumer preference consumer price index consumer protection consumer rationing consumer rebate plan consumer recognition consumer resistence
— — — — — — — —
barang pengguna tahan lama lebihan beban pengguna
consumer risk consumer sovereignty consumer spending pattern consumer surplus consumer surplus analysis consumer taste consumer theory consumer trend consumerism consumers association consumers rent consumer’s willingness to pay
perbelanjaan makanan pengguna barang pengguna tabiat pengguna pendapatan pengguna desakan pengguna kegemaran pengguna keperluan pengguna tawaran pengguna organisma pengguna potensi pengguna keutamaan pengguna indeks harga pengguna perlindungan pengguna pencatuan pengguna rancangan rebat pengguna pengiktirafan pengguna keengganan pengguna
— -
— — — — — — — —
consuming area refinery
—
consuming country
—
consumption consumption bundle consumption cost’ consumption cost of tariff 76
—
— — —
risiko pengguna keagungan pengguna pola perbelanjaan pengguna lebihan pengguna analisis lebihan pengguna cita nasa pengguna teori pengguna arab aliran pengguna fahaman kepenggunaan persatuan pengguna sewa pengguna kesediaan pengguna membayar loji penapisan kawasan pengguna negara pengguna penggunaan longgokan penggunaan kos penggunaan kos penggunaan tarif
consumption credit
consumption consumption consumption locus consumption consumption consumption consumption consumption consumption
credit decision efficiency externality function line loan sector tax
consumption theory consumptive use consumptive use of water container containerization contamination contemporaneous dependence contiguous hand contingency contingency fund
continuous process of production
—
kredit penggunaan keputusan penggunaan lokus kecekapan penggunaan eksternaliti penggunaan fungsi penggunaan ganis penggunaan pinjaman pengguna sektor penggunaan cukai penggunaan teori penggunaan penggunaan konsumptif guna air konsumptif bekas; kontena pengkontenaan cemaran
—
sandaran semasa
— —
— — — — — — —
—
tanah bersebelahan
—
luar jangka/kontingensi
—
dana luar jangka
contingency table contingent debt contingent valuation technique continued bond continuity continuity correction continuity correction factor continuous bivaniate distribution continuous data continuous distribution, continuous growth continuous harvesting continuous hierarchy continuous planning continuous probability distribution continuous process of production 77
— —
— — -
-
— — — — — — —
—
jadual kontingensi hutang luarjangka teknik penilaian kontingen bon berterusan keselanjaran; keberterusan pembetulan keselanjaran faktor pembetulan keselanjaran taburan dwipemboleh ubah selanjar data selanjar taburan selanjar pertumbuhan berterusan penuaian berterusan hierarki berterusan perancangan selanjar taburan probabiliti selanjar/ taburan kebarangkalian selanjar proses pengeluaran selanjar
continuous random variable
continuous random variable continuous rate of interest continuous simulation model continuous space continuous stochastic variable continuous system simulation continuous time continuous variable continuum of planning. contour map contour plan contour ploughing contraband contract contract agent contract curve contract document
controlled economy
-
— —
— -
kadar bunga berterusan model simulasi selanjar ruang selanjar pemboleh ubah stokastik selanjar
—
simulasi sistem selanjar
—
masa selanjar
— —
—
—
dokumen kontrak
— — — —
contractual interest rate contradictory contribution contributory pension -contrived scarcity control
pemboleh ubah selanjar persambungan perancangan peta kontur pelan kontur bajakan kontur barang gelap kontrak ejen kontrak keluk kontrak
-
contract farming contract manager contract rent contract right contract scheduling contracting cost contraction contraction transformation contractor
pemboleh ubah rambang selanjar
control chart controllable variable controlled alienated scheme controlled area controlled economy 78
— — — — — —
— — —— — —
perladangan kontrak pengurus kontrak sewa kontrak hak kontrak penjadualan kontr.ak kos penguncupan penguncupan transfor’masi penguncupan kontraktor kadar bunga berkontrak percanggahan caruman; sumbangan pencen pencaruman kekurangan sengaja kawalan
—
carta kawalan pemboleh ubah boleh kawal
—
skim tanah terkawal
—
kawasan terkawal
—
ekonomi terkawal
—
controlled experiment
controlled experiment controlled selection controlled variable controller general controller of currency conurbation convalescent home convenience goods convenience sample convenience store convenient price converge convergence conversion conversion device conversion factor conversion ratio conversion table converter reactor convertibility convertible
cooperative membership relation
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
uji kaji terkawal pemilihan terkawal pemboleh ubah terkawal pengawal besar pengawal mata wang bandar gabungan rumah pemulihan barang selesa sampel mudah stor kemudahan harga sesuai tumpu penumpuan penukaran; perubahan peranti pengubahan faktor penukaran nisbah penukaran sifir penukaran reaktor penukar kebolehtukaran boleh tukar
convertible security convertible share convex convex combination convex function convex programming convexity cooling agent cooling pond cooling process cooling water cooperative association cooperative bank cooperative business operation cooperative financing cooperative housing cooperative management cooperative marketing cooperative membership relation 79
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
— —
sekuriti boleh tukar syer boleh tukar cembung kombinasi cembung fungsi cembung pemprograman cembung kecembungan agen penyejukan kolam pendingin proses penyejukan air pendingin persatuan koperasi bank koperasi pengendalian perniagaan koperasi pembiayaan koperasi perumahan koperasi pengurusan koperasi pemasaran koperasi perhubungan keahlian koperasi
cooperative society
cooperative society cooperative store
correlation
— —
coordinate coordination coordination committee copper alum copper belt copper carbonate copper chloride copper concentrate copper cyanide copper glass copper nitrate copper sulphate coral formation coral island coral reef corn-hog ratio corner point
-
corollary
—
— — — —. — — — — — — — — -
syarikat kerjasama stor koperasi; kedai koperasi koordinat penyelarasan jawatankuasa penyelarasan tawas tembaga kawasan tembaga kuprum karbonat kuprum klorida bijih padat tembaga kuprum sianida kaca tembaga kuprum nitrat kuprum sulfat pembentukan karang pulau karang terumbu karang nisbah jagung-babi
corporate corporate corporate corporate
earnings income tax planning saving
titik penjuru korolari
corrective policy
—
faktor pembetul tindakan pembetulan dasar pembetulan
correlation
—
kaitan/korelasi
corporate tax corporation corporation control corporation income tax corporation tax rate corporation tax integration corrasion-valley corrasive action corrected forecast corrected sum corrected sum of square correcting factor corrective action
80
— — -
— — — — — — — —
— -
perolehan syarikat cukai pendapatan syarikat perancangan perbadanan tabungan syarikat/ simpanan perbadanan cukai syarikat syarikat; perbadanan kawalari perbadanan cukai pendapatan syankat kadar cukai syarikat integrasi cukai syarikat kikisan lurah tindakan kikisan ramalan diperbetul hasil tambah diperbetul hasil tambab ganda dua diperbetul
cost of dilapidation
correlation coefficient correlation coefficient correlation of attribute correlation table correlation theory correlogram correspondence analysis correspondent bank correspondent credit service
—
— — — — — -
corruption
—
rasuah
cosmic
—
kosmos
cosmic dust cosmic radiation cosmic ray cost cost accounting cost allocation cost and freight cost and revenue theory cost benefit analysis
— — — — — —
cost consciousness cost control cost curve cost effectiveness cost effectiveness analysis cost effectiveness ratio cost efficiency cost elasticity cost estimate cost externality cost finding cost forecast cost function cost improvement
koefisien korelasi/ pekali korelasi korelasi sifat jadual korelasi teori korelasi korelogram analisis penghubungan bank penghubung perkhidmatan kredit penghubung
debu kosmos sinaran kosmos sinai kosmos kos perakaunan kos peruntukan kos kos dan tambang teon kos dan hasil analisis faedah kos
cost index cost locus cost model cost movement cost of abatement cost of credit cost of dilapidation 81
— — —
— — — — — — — -
— — —
pementingan kos kawalan kos keluk kos keberkesanan kos analisis keberkesanan kos nisbah keberkesanan kos kecekapan kos keanjalan kos anggaran kos eksternaliti kos penentuan kos ramalan kos fungsi kos pembaikan kos indeks kos lokus kos model kos pergerakan kos kos peredaan kos kredit kos usangan
cost of drilling
counterfeit
cost of drilling
—
cost of dwelling
—
cost of equity capital
-
cost of friction cost of living cost of living index cost of living level cost of merger cost of uncertainty cost per acre cost price cost push cost reduction programme cost schedule cost sharing cost standard cost-benefit analysis cost-cutting cost-of capital effect
— — -
— —
— — — — — —
kos penggerudian
cost-plus cost-plus fixed-fee contract
kos kediaman/kos penghunian
—
kos tokok kontrak kos-tokok bayaran tetap
kos modal ekuiti
cost-plus principle
kos geseran kos sara hidup indeks kos sara hidup
cost-plus-pecentage contract
tingkat kos sara hidup kos penyatuan
cost-push inflation cost-revenue gap
kos ketakpastian kos per ekar harga kos tolakan kos program pengurangan kos jadual kos
costing
—
costing process
—
costing system
—
costless bargaining
—
tawar-menawar tanpa kos
cost-price system
—
prinsip kos-tokok
-
kontrak kos-tokok peratusan
—
sistem kos-harga
—
—
infiasi tolakan kos jurang kos-hasil penentuan kos/pengekosan proses penentuan kos/ proses pengekosan sistem penentuan kos/ sistem pengekosan
perkongsian kos piawai kos
cottage industry
—
industri kotej
-
cottage planning
—
perancangan kotej
—
analisis kos-faedah
counter balance counter offer
-
—
pemotongan kos kesan kos-modal
counterfeit 82
—
imbangan balas tawaran balas
—
palsu memalsukan
—
counterfeit money
credit creation
counterfeit money
—
wang palsu
counterfoil
—
kaunterfoil
countersign countervailing credit countervailing power countervailing tariff counting
—
tandatangan balas kredit timbal balas
—
kuasa timbal balas
-
— —
counting process
—
counting rule
—
country bank country side coupon coupon rate covariance covariance analysis
— —
peraturan membilang bank desa desa kupon kadar kupon kovarians
-
craft
—
pertukangan
craft process
—
proses kraf
covariance matrix cover crop coverage
— —
crash time crater crater basin crater lake creation of employment credit credit abstracts credit analysis credit arrangement credit assignment credit bank credit budget credit card credit contract credit control credit creation
tarif timbal balas membilang proses membilang
analisis kovarians matriks kovarians tanaman penutup bumi liputan
—
Cramer-Rao inequality Cramer-Rao lower bound Cramer’s rule crash cost crash programme
83
a
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
ketaksamaan Cramer-Rao batas bawah Cramer-Rao peraturan Cramer kos masa tercepat program kilat masa tercepat kawah (gunung berapi) lembangan kawah tasik kawah penciptaan guna tenaga kredit abstrak kredit analisis kredit pengaturan kredit penyerahan hak kredit bank pinjaman belanjawan kredit kad kredit kontrak kredit kawalan kredit penciptaan kredit
credit crunch
credit crunch credit extension agreement credit facility credit file credit function credit institution credit instrument credit line credit mobilizer credit note credit programme
critical point
— — —
— — — —
— —
alat kredit
creditor nation
saluran kredit penggerak kredit
—
—
kedudukan kredit
—
credit status
—
credit timing
credit transfer credit union credit utilization credit waiver creditor
nota kredit program kredit
-
credit rating credit rationing credit release credit sale credit standing credit terms credit theory
hancuran kredit perjanjian pelanjutan kredit kemudahan kredit fail kredit fungsi kredit institusi kredit
—
—
taraf kredit
—
—
penjadualan kredit
— — -
—
creeping inflation crime prevention crime rate crisis crisis cycle criteria critical activity critical condition critical dry period critical minimum effort critical path analysis
pencatuan kredit pengeluaran kredit jualan kredit kedudukan kredit syarat kredit teori kredit
—
—
— — — — — — — —
pindahan kredit kesatuan kredit penggunaan kredit pelepasan kredit pemberi hutang/pemberi pinjaman negara pemberi pinjam/ negara pemberi hutang inflasi merayap pencegahan jenayah kadarjenayah krisis kitaran krisis kriteria aktiviti kritis keadaan kritis masa kemarau genting usaha minimum ki-itis
critical path method
—
analisis laluan kntis kaedah laluan kritis
critical point
—
takat kritis
—
84
a
critical rate of return
critical rate of return critical raw material critical region critical value critical zone crop acres index crop budget crop damage crop diversification crop enterprise crop expense crop failure crop forecast crop husbandry crop insurance crop inventory crop production crop record crop rotation crop sale crop sharing
cross intensity function
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -
kadar pulangan kritis bahan mentah kritis kawasan kritis nilai genting/nilai kritis zon kritis indeks luas tanaman belanjawan tanaman kemusnahan tanaman pelbagaian tanaman perusahaan tanaman perbelanjaan tanaman kegagalan tanaman ramalan tanaman perusahaan tanaman insurans tanaman inventori tanaman pengeluaran tanaman rekod tanaman giliran tanaman jualan tanaman pawah
crop valuation crop value crop yield crop yield index crop-fertilizer response crop-share farm
85
—
— -
— -
penilaian tanaman nilai tanaman hasil tanaman indeks hasil tanaman tindak balas tanaman-baja ladang pawah
crop-share lease
-
cropland diversion
—
pajakan pawah penukaran tanah pertanian
cropland use
-
kegunaan tanah tanaman
cropping pattern
—
pola penanaman
cropping system
—
cropping system efficiency
—
crops ecology
—
sistem penanaman kecekapan sistem penanaman ekologi tanaman
crops fodder
—
tanaman makanan ternakan
cross audit
—
audit silang
cross elasticity
—
cross elasticity of demand
—
keanjalan silang keanjalan permintaan silang
cross intensity function
—
fungsi keamatan silang
cross partial derivative
cross partial derivative cross product cross rate cross road cross section information cross spectral analysis cross-classification cross-correlation cross-rate of return cross-section data cross-sectional study crossed cheque crossing crowding cost crowding-out effect crown land crude birth rate crude death rate crude fibre crude oil
cultural change
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — -
—
deposit minyak mentah pengindeksan minyak mentah sifat minyak mentah pengindeksan harga minyak mentah senario pengindeksan harga minyak mentah kadar penting kasar bresia hancur konglomerat hancur kelimpahan galian kerak bumi pergerakan kerak bumi
crystallization of water
-
penghabluran air
crystalline rock
—
terbitan separa silang/ terbitan sebahagian silang hasil darab silang kadar silang sim pang jalan maklumat keratan silang analisis spektrum lintang pengelasan silang korelasi silang kadar pulangan balas data keratan lintang kajian keratan lintang cek palang lintasan kos kesesakan kesan himpitan
crude oil deposit crude oil indexation
tanah kerajaan kadar kelahiran kasar kadar kematian kasar gentian kasar minyak mentah
crystalline schist cubic curve cubic function cultivable surface cultural change
crude oil property crude price indexation crude price indexation scenario crude vital rate crush breccia crush conglomerate crustal abundance of minerals crustal movement
86
— -
— -
-
— — -
—
— — —
batu hablur syis hablur keluk kuasa Liga fungsi kuasa tiga permukaan boleh tanam perubahan budaya
cum dividend
cum dividend cumulative cumulative averaging cumulative causation cumulative causation theory cumulative distribution cumulative distribution function cumulative frequency cumulative input cumulative lending cumulative polygon cumulative probability distribution function
cumulative process cumulative rounding error cumulative table
curve fitting
— —
—
—
— -
— —
— —
—
dengan dividen kumulatif pempurataan kumulatif sebab-musabab kumulatif teori sebab-musabab kumulatif taburan kumulatif fungsi taburan kumulatif
curb broker currency currency appreciation currency depreciation currency exchange currency in circulation currency speculation current account current asset current budget current capital current extraction process
frekuensi kumulatif/ kekerapan kumulatif input kumulatif pemberi pinjaman kumulatif poligon kumulatif fungsi taburan probabiliti kumulatif/ fungsi taburan kebarangkalian kumulatif proses kumulatif ralat pembulatan kumulatif jadual kumulatif
current liability current liquidity current money current price current ratio current-account balance curve curve fitting 87
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
broker kaki Jima mats wang naik nilai mata wang susut nilai mata wang pertukaran mats wang mata wang dalam edaran spekulasi mata wang akaun semasa aset semasa belanjawan semasa modal semasa proses pengekstrakan semasa liabiliti semasa kecairan semasa wang semasa harga semasa nisbah semasa imbangan akaun semasa keluk pemadanan keluk
curvilinear curvilinear custom duty custom hiring custom house custom packing custom union custom union effect customary price customer cut in plan cut off cut off grade cut-throat competition cutting-plane method cycle of erosion cyclic effect cyclic storage cyclic voting
cyclonic storm
— —
— — —
—
—
—
— — -
lengkung linear duti kastam sewa langgan
cyclical cyclical cyclical cyclical cyclical cyclical
pejabat kastam pembungkusan upahan kesatuan kastam
change disequilibrium fluctuation forecast growth index number
cyclical movement cyclical order
kesan kesatuan kastam harga biasa pelanggan
cyclical price movement cyclical trends cyclical unemployment cyclical variation cyclically balanced budget
rancangan selingan takat takat gred persaingan sembelih kaedah pemotongan-satah kitaran hakisan
cycling cyclone
kesan kitaran simpanan berkitar pengundian kitaran
cyclonic circulation cyclonic storm
88
— — — — — -
—
— — — —
— —
—
perubahan kitaran ketakseimbangan kitaran turun naik berkitaran ramalan kitaran pertumbuhan kitaran nombor indeks kitaran pergerakan kitaran tertib kitaran pergerakan harga kitaran arah aliran kitaran pengangguran kitaran variasi kitaran belanjawan terimbang berkitaran pengitaran siklon pusingan sikion ribut siklon
dairy cow
-plenty doctrine
D dairy cow dairy enterprise
— —
lembu tenusu perusahaan tenusu
dairy farm
—
dairy herd improvement
-
dairy industry
—
industri tenusu
damages
—
ganti rugi
damaging stimulus
—
pendorong merosak
damnifying growth damped exponential fashion damped sine-wave fashion Dantzig-simplex algorithm Dantzig-Wolfe’ decomposition method Darwinian evolutionism data processing data scanning date of completion
— —
— — —
— — — —
date of issue date of termination datum land day loan
ladang tenusu pembaikan kumpulan tenusu
de facto census de facto enumeration dejure census de jure enumeration dead rent dead storage deadweight debt deadweight loss deal
pertumbuhan merugikan fesyen ekspOnen malap fesyen sin-gelombang malap algoritma simpleks Dantzig kaedah penguraian Dantzig Wolfe
dealer dealer financing dealer market dealer’s exchange
evolusinisme Darwin pemprosesan data pengimbasan data tarikh siap
dealing dear money dearness-and-plenty doctrine 89
— -
— — — — — — —
— — —
tarikh dikeluarkan tarikh penamatan tanah datum pinjaman han banci defacto pengangkaan defacto banci dejure pengangkaan dejure sewa mati simpanan mati hutang luput kerugian luput urusjanji peniaga/peraih pembiayaan pefliaga pasar peniaga bursa peniaga urus niaga wang mahal doktrin mahal dan banyak
death benefit death benefit death benefit society death claim death duty death loss death rate death registration death tax debasement of coin debenture debenture bond debenture trust deed debit debit balance debt debt asset ratio debt burden debt capital debt equivalent debt finance
decision making frame-work
— — — — — — — — — — —
— -
— — -
faedah kematian persatuan faedah kematian tuntutan kematian duti kematian kerugian kematian kadar kematian pendaftaran kematian cukai kematian penurunan nilai syiling debentur bon debentur surat ikatan amanah debentur debit baki debit hutang nisbah hutang aset
debt limitation debt management debt peonage debt service debt structure ratio debt-equity ratio debtor debtor nation dcccii tralization decentralizing trend deciduous forest deciduous plant decimal currency decision analysis decision flow diagram decision function decision maker decision making
beban hutang modal hutang kesamaan hutang pembiayaan hutang
decision making framework 90
— — — — — — — — —
—
—
pengehadan hutang pengurusan hutang penyelenggaraan hutang pembiayaan hutang nisbah struktur hutang nisbah hutang ekuiti penghutang negara penghutang desentralisasi arah aliran desentralisasi hutan daun luruh tumbuhan meluruh mata wang perpuluhan analisis keputusan gambar rajah aliran keputusan fungsi keputusan
—
pembuat keputusan membuat keputusan
—
rangka membuat keputusan
—
decision making process
decision making process decision making tool decision making under certainty
decreasing payment plan
-
— —
decision making under risk
—
decision matrix
—
decision problem under certainty decision problem under risk decision rule decision science decision space decision table decision theory decision tree analysis decision variable decision-taking process decline rate
—
—
—
— — — -
—
proses membuat keputusan
declining balance
—
baki berkurangan
alat pembuat keputusan membuat keputusan dalam ketakpastian membuat keputusan dalam risiko
declining lag scheme
—
skim lat menurun
declining-block rate
-
kadar blok berkurangan
decomposability
—
kebolehuraian
decomposable
—
boleh urai
decomposable chain
—
rangkaian boleh urai
decomposable system
—
sistem boleh urai
decompose
—
urai
masalah keputusan dalam risiko peraturan keputusan
decomposed algorithm
—
algoritma terurai
decomposition decomposition algorithm
—
penguraian
-
algoritma penguraian
sains keputusan ruang keputusan jadual keputusan teori keputusan analisis pokok keputusan pemboleh ubah keputusan proses mengambil keputusan kadar menurun
decomposition method
-
kaedah penguraian
decomposition principle
-
prinsip penguraian
decreasing cost
—
kos berkurangan
decreasing cost industry
-
industn kos berkurangan
decreasing marginal cost
—
kos sut berkurangan
decreasing marginal return
—
pulangan sut berkurangan
decreasing payment plan
—
matriks keputusan masalah keputusan dalam ketakpastian
91
rancangan bayaran berkurangan
decreasing return to scale
deflation
decreasing return to scale
—
pulangan berkurang ikut skala
defence support defensive investment
deduction
-
potongan; deduksi
deferral
deductive argument
—
hujah deduktif
deferred gratification
-
kepuasan tertangguh
deductive economic
—
ekonomi deduktif
deferred payment
—
bayaran tertunda
deductive method
-
kaedah deduktif
deductive reasoning
-
taakulan deduktif
deferred revenue deficiency deficiency account deficiency judgement deficit deficit balance of payment
deductive,statistics deed deed of trust deed restriction deep ocean petroleum deep well injection deer range default defect defence defence bond defence expenditure defence spending
-
statistik deduktif surat ikatan
—
surat ikatan amanah
-
pembatasan surat ikatan
-
— -
— —
— — — —
petroleum lautan dalam pancutan telaga dalam
—
bantuan pertahanan
-
pelaburan bertahan
—
penundaan
—
hasil tertunda kekurangan akaun kekurangan pengadilan kekurangan defisit/kurangan imbangan pembayaran defisit belanjawan kurangan/ belanjawan defisit perbelanjaan kurangan/ perbelanjaan defisit biaya defisit pembiayaan defisit persamaan pentaknifan mendeflasi harga
-
deflasi
— — — —
deficit budget
-
kawasan rusa mungkir; lalai; palsu
deficit expenditure
—
cacat pertahanan bon pertahanan perbelanjaan pertahanan perbelanjaan pertahanan
deficit finance deficit financing definitional equation deflating price deflation 92
— —
delivered price
deflationary gap
deflationary gap deflator deflection of trade deforestation degeneracy degenerate degenerate conic section degenerate distribution degenerate optimal solution degenerate random vector degenerated area degenerated basic solution degenerated basis degeneration degradable pollutant degradation of organic waste
-
— — — — — —
— — —
— — —
—
degraded land
—
degree of accuracy
-
jurang deflasi pendeflasi penyimpangan dagangan
degree of attainment
—
degree of correlation
—
darjah pencapaian darjah korelasi
degree of freedom
-
darjah kebebasan
pembasmian hutan kemerosotan merosot keratan kon merosot taburan merosot penyelesaian optimum merosot vektor rambang merosot kawasan merosot penyelesaian basis terosot basis terosot pemerosotan pencemar boleh pecah
degree of multicollineanty delay
—
delayed renewal process
—
delayed reporting
—
delegation of work delineate delineated area delineation delineation of region delinquent loan delinquent loan servicing
pemecahan buangan organik tanah usang darjah ketepatan
deliver delivered price 93
darjah kekolinearan berbilang
— —
— —
-
— -
kelewatan proses pembaharuan tertunda/proses pembaharuan terlambat pendaftaran lewat penugasan kerja menentu sempadan kawasan tentu penentuan sempadan penentuan sempadan wilayah pinjaman tertunggak perkhidmatan pinjaman tertunggak serah harga terserah
delivery
delivery delivery lag delivery note delivery order Delphi method demand demand change demand creation demand curve demand deposit demand distribution demand expansion demand function demand inflation demand margin demand price demand schedule demand shifter demand uncertainty demand-pull inflation
density control
— — — -. — — — — — — — -
penyerahan lat penyerahan nota penyerahan arahan penyerahan kaedah Delphi permintaan perubahan permintaan penciptaan permintaan keluk permintaan simpanan semasa taburan permintaan pengembangan permintaan fungsi permintaan inflasi permintaan margin permintaan harga permintaan jadual permintaan pengalih permintaan ketidakpastian permintaan inflasi tarikan permintaan
demarcate
—
demarcation
—
demarcation line
-
demarcation map
—
demarcation rule
—
demineralization of water
—
democracy demographic factor demographic momentum demographic study demographic transition demography demolition contract
94
menanda sempadan; memerenggan tanda sempadan; perenggan garisan perenggan; garisan tanda sempadan peta tanda sempadan peraturan pemisahan/ peraturan pembatasar penyahmineralan air
—
demokrasi factor demografi momentum demografi kajian demografi peralihan demografi demografi kontrak meroboh
demolition order
-
perintah roboh
demonstration effect
—
kesan demonstrasi
— — -
density
-
density control
—
kepadatan; ketumpatan kawalan kepadatan
density function density function density index density layout density probability function deoxygenation departing variable department store departmental store dependence dependency dependency model dependency ratio dependent dependent event dependent variable depletable resource
depressed area
—
— — —
— — — — — — — — — —
—
depletion
—
depletion allowance
—
fungsi ketumpatan; fungsi kepadatan indeks kepadatan susun atur kepadatan fungsi kebarangkalian/ probabiliti ketumpatan penyahoksigen pemboleh ubah terkeluar pasar raya kedai aneka jabatan pergantungan persandaran; pergantungan model pergantungan nisbah tanggungan bergantung; tanggungan peristiwa bersandar pemboleh ubah bersandar
depletion control
—
kawalan kesusutan
depletion policy
—
dasar kesusutan
depletion policy guide line
—
depletion rate
—
depopulation
—
deportation deposit deposit account deposit bank deposit hire purchase deposit reserve depositor depreciation depreciation allowance depreciation policy
sumber boleh habis kehabisan; kesusutan
depreciation rate depreciation reserve
peruntukan kehabisan; elaun kesusutan
depressed area 95
— — — — — — —
garis panduan dasar kesusutan kadar kesusutan pengurangan penduduk; depopulasi pengusiran deposit; cengkeram akaun deposit bank deposit cengkeram sewa beli rizab deposit penyimpan susut nilai
—
peruntukan susut nilai dasar susut nilai kadar susut nilai
—
rizab susut nilai
—
kawasan mundur
— —
depressed industrial region
desirable property
depressed industrial region
—
wilayah perindustrian mundur
descriptive economics
—
ekonomi deskriptif
depressed region
descriptive measure
—
ukuran deskriptif
—
wilayah mundur
descriptive statistics
—
statistik deskriptif
depression
—
kemelesetan
deseasonalization
—
penyahmusiman
depression period
—
tempoh kemelesetan
deseasonalized data
—
—
zon terbiar temu bual mendalam
desert pavement desiccating. heat
depth-damage curve
—
keluk dalam-kerosakan
desiccation
derelict area
—
kawasan terbiar
design analysis
—
tanah terbiar
design equation design matrix
deprived zone depth interview
derelict land dereliction
—
derived demand
—
keterbiaran permintaan terbitan
derived value
—
nilai terbitan
desalination plant desalting of water Descartes’ rule of sign descending order descending power description descriptive analysis
—
— — — — — — —
designated designated area designated development area designation designation map designation order desilting basin desirable property
loji pengasingan garam pengasingan garam-air peraturan tanda Descarte susunan menurun kuasa menurun memerihalkan - analisis deskriptif 96
—
data nyahmusim batu-ubin gurun
—
haba mengering
-
pengeringafl
—
analisis reka bentuk
—
persamaan reka bentuk matriks reka bentuk
—
tentuan; terpilih
—
— —
— — — — —
kawasan tentuan kawasan pembangunan terpilih penetapan/penentuan pets penentuan perintah penentuan lembangan tak berenap sifat diingini
developing nation
desired saving
desired saving destination destination principle destructible stock resource
—
tabungan idaman
determinant of saving
—
penentu tabungan
-
tempat tuju/destinasi
deterministic demand
—
permintaan berketentuan
prinsip destinasi sumber stok boleh musnah
deterministic inven tory model deterministic mathematical model
— —
destructive competition destructive process destructive testing desuiphurization facility desulphurization process detached house detail plan detailed planning detailed specification detergent detergent foam deterioration deterious effect determinant of distribution determinant of dualism determinant of matrix
persaingan merosakkan —
proses pemusnahan
-
pengujian membinasa
-
kemudahan penyahsulfuran
—
proses penyahsulfuran
—
rumah sesebuah
—
— — — — — — —
deterministic policy deterministic statement detour devaluation devastated area devastated region developable discovery developable oil field
pelan terperinci perancangan terperinci spesifikasi terperinci detergen buih detergen kemerosotan kesan merosakkan penentu agihan penentuan dualisme penentu matriks
developed country developer developing developing area developing country developing nation 97
—
—
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — -
model inventori berketentuan model matematik berketentuan dasar berketentuan kenyataan berketentuan lencongan penurunan nilai kawasan musnah wilayah musnah penemuan boleh maju kawasan telaga minyak boleh maju negara maju pemaju membangun kawasan membangun negara membangun negara membangun
development
dichotomous question
development
—
development area development assistance
—
pusat pembangunan
—
dasar pembangunan
-
potensi pembangunan
development programme
—
program pembangunan
development rate of return
—
development space
—
—
pembangunan; kemajuan kawasan pembangunan
development pole development policy
—
bantuan pembangunan
development potential
development bank
-
bank pembangunan
development benefit
-
faedah pembangunan
development committee
—
development corporation
-
development cost development delay
jawatankuasa pembangunan perbadanan kemajuan/ perbadanan pembangunan
development strategy development target
kadar pulangan pembangunan ruang pembangunan
—
strategi pembangunan sasaran pembangunan
—
-
kos pembangunan kelambatan pembangunan
development tax
—
cukai pembangunan
development economics
—
ekonomi pembangunan
development well
—
telaga pembangunan
development expense
—
belanja pembangunan
development zone
—
zon pembangunan
development finance
-
pembiayaan pembangunan
deviation
-
sisihan; lencongan
jurang pembangunan matlamat pembangunan pola pembangunan prestasi pembangunan fasa pembangunan rancangan pembangunan perancangan pembangunan
dewatering diagnostic checking diagonal matrix diagonal regression diagrarnatic sketch dichotomization dichotomous question
development development development development development development development
gap goal pattern performance phase plan planning
—
— — — — — — —
98
— — — — — — —
nyahairan pemeriksaan diagnostik matriks pepenjuru regresi pepenjuru lakar gambar rajah pendikotomian soalan dikotomi
dichotomy
diminishing rate of substitution
dichotomy
—
dikotomi
differentiation
—
pembezaan
dictatorship
—
kediktatoran
diffusion model
—
model peresapan
dielectric strength
—
kekuatan dwielektrik
diffusion of technology
—
dies down
—
menurun perlahan
diesel engine
—
jentera diesel
diffusion potential
—
potensi peresapan
diesel fuel
—
digestive process
—
proses pencernaan
diesel vehicle
—
bahan api diesel kenderaan diesel
dilapidated building
—
bangunan usang
dilution
—
pencairan
—
perbezaan antara mm persamaan berbeza
diminishing marginal
—
sut menurun
—
ujian beza-tanda
diminishing marginal cost
—
kos sut berkurangan
diminishing marginal productivity
—
sin terbeza pembezaan tatacara pembezaan kebezaan; pembezaan taksiran kebezaan kalkulus kebezaan persamaan kebezaan kesuburan berbeza insidens kebezaan
—
sewa bezaan
difference between mean difference equation difference-sign test differenced series differencing differencing procedure differential differential assessment differential calculus differential equation differential fertility differential incidence differential rent
—
— — — — — — — —
diminishing marginal return diminishing marginal utility diminishing productivity diminishing rate of substitution 99
—
peresapan teknologi/ pembauran teknologi
daya pengeluaran sut berkurangan
-
pulangan sut berkurangan
—
utiliti sut berkurangan
—
-
daya pengeluaran berkurangan kadar penggantian berkurangan
diminishing returns diminishing returns direct burden direct charge direct conversion direct correlation direct cost direct energy conversion direct evaporation direct externality direct filtration direct impact direct interview direct investment direct job hours direct marginal cost direct marketing direct mechanism direct negotiation direct payment direct production
discharge rate
— — — — — — — — — — -
— — — — — — —
pulangan berkurangan beban langsung caj langsung penukaran langsung korelasi langsung kos langsung penukaran tenaga langsung penyejatan langsung eksternaliti langsung penurasan langsung tubrukan Iangsung temu bual langsung; temu duga langsung pelaburan langsung jam kerja langsung kos sut langsung pemasaran terus mekanisme langsung perundingan langsung bayaran terus pengeluaran langsung
direct question technique direct regulation direct sale direct sampling direct selling direct service direct tax direct taxation directed economy directional derivative directive principle directly productive activity dirty float disability disaster relief disaster zone discharge medium discharge of sewage discharge permit discharge rate 100
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
teknik soalan Iangsung peraturan Jangsung jualan langsung pensampelan Iangsung penjualan langsung perkhidmatan Iangsung cukai langsung pencukaian langsung ekonomi terpimpin terbitan berarah prinsip arahan aktiviti berdaya keluaran langsung apungan kotor ketakbolchan bantuan malapetaka zon malapetaka medium buangan buangan kumbahan permit buangan kadar buangan
discretionary cost
discontinuity of planning discontinuity of planning discontinuous growth discontinuous hierarchy discount factor discount house discount market discount rate discounted bill discounted cash flow discounted cash flow returns discounted loan discounted project cost
— —
— — — — — — — —
— -
discounted property value
—
discounted relevant cost
—
keterhentian perancangan pertumbuhan terhentihenti hierarki tak selanjar faktor diskaun gedung diskaun pasaran diskaun kadar diskaun bil terdiskaun aliran tunai terdiskaun pulangan aliran tunai terdiskaun pinjaman terdiskaun kos projek terdiskaun
discovery discovery impact discovery rate discrepancy discrepancy analysis discrete tion discrete discrete discrete discrete
bivariate distribudata distribution Markov chain random variable
discrete simulation model discrete stochastic variable
nilai harta benda terdiskaun kos berhubungan terdiskaun
discrete time discrete value
— — — —
— —
— — — -
— —
penemuan tubrukan penemuan kadar penemuan selisih; pertelingkahan; kelainan analisis selisih taburan dwipemboleh ubah diskret data diskret taburan diskret rantaian Markov diskret pemboleh ubah rambang diskret model simulasi diskret pemboleh ubah stokastik diskret
—
masa diskret nilai diskret
—
discounting
—
—
pemboleh ubah diskret
—
pendiskaunan proses pendiskaunan
discrete variable
discounting process
discretion
—
budi bicara
discouraged worker
—
pekerja tak giat
discretionary cost
—
kos budi bicara
101
discretionary fiscal policy
disparity
discretionary fiscal policy
—
discretionary hedging
-
discretionary measure discretionary transfer discriminant analysis discriminating duty discriminating firm discriminating monopoly discrimination discrimination market discrimination price discrimination pricing discrimination taxation discriminatory taxation disease eradication disease-specific study diseconomies of scale
dasar fiskal budi bicara
diseconomy
perlindungan nilai budi bicara
disembodied technological change
—
tindakan budi bicara
—
pindahan ikut budi bicara
disembodied technological progress
—
analisis pendiskriminasi
— — — — — — —
— — — — —
duti berdiskriminasi firma berdiskriminasi monopoli berdiskriminasi diskriminasi pasaran diskriminasi harga diskriminasi penentuan harga diskriminasi pencukaian diskriminasi pencukaian berdiskriminasi pembasmian penyakit kajian penyakit tertentu ekonomi tak ikut skel/ ekonomi tak ikut bidangan
—
—
tak ekonomi perubahan teknologi terpisah kemajuan teknologi terkandung
disemployment disequality
—
pembuangan tenaga kerja ketaksamaan; ketakadilan
disequilibrium
—
ketakseimbangan
disequilibrium force
—
kuasa ketakseimbangan
disequilibrium optimum
—
optimum ketakseimbangan
disguised unemployment
—
pengangguran tak ketara
—
tak sorok
dishoarding dishonoured cheque disinflation disintermediation disinvestment disjoint event disjoint set dismal science disparity 102
—
— — — — — — — —
cek tak layan disinflasi pengtakantaraan pelaburan negatif peristiwa terputus set terputus sains muram ketaksamaan
dispersed development
dispersed development dispersion dispersion matrix dispersion of data dispersion test displacement of goal display disposable income disposition of crude disproportionate sampling disputer plan disruptive discharge dissaving dissolved oxygen distance between sample distance decay function distance elasticity
distribution of animal
— — — —
— —
— — — —
— — —
— — —
—
distant-early-warning signal
—
distillate
—
pembangunan berselerak penyelerakan matriks serakan serakan data
distillation of water distillery waste
-
tarif terherot kesan pengherotan
ujian serakan anjak ganti matlamat
distortion
—
herotan
distortion in resource use
—
peragaan/pameran pendapatan boleh guna
herotan guna sumber
distortion of wants
—
herotan kemahuan
—
kawasan mundur
distorted tariff distorting effect
distressed area
jualan minyak mentah pensampelan tak sama kadar perbalahan rancangan buangan menggendala makan tabungan
distribute distributed lag
keanjalan jarak isyarat amaran awal jarak jauh sulingan 103
penyulingan air
—
sisa sulingan
—
— —
distributed-lag model
—
distribution
—
distribution distribution distribution distribution distribution distribution distribution
oksigen terlarut jarak antara sampel fungsi rosotan jarak
—
board channel chart cost free-procedure function of animal
— — — — — — —
agih; tabur lat teragih model lat tertabur pengagihan; taburan; pengedaran papan agihan saluran pengagihan carts agihan kos pengedaran tatacara bebas taburan fungsi taburan taburan haiwan
distribution of coal
divisible goods
distribution of coal
—
—
ralat gangguan
—
taburan arang batu taburan hutan
disturbance error
distribution of forest
disturbance term
—
sebutan gangguan
-
pengagihan pendapatan
disturbance variable
-
pemboleh ubah gangguan
—
taburan penduduk
disturbed land
-
disturbed river system
tanah terganggu sistem sungai terganggu
—
pelbagaian
—
pelbagaian eksport
-
masalah pengagihan teori taburan hujah pengagihan aspek pengagihan
—
distributional effect
-
kesan pengagihan
distribution function
-
fungsi pengagihan
diversion diversion channel
matlamat pengagihan pola pengagihan beragihan syer beragihan perdagangan pengedaran pengagih/pengedar daerah majlis daerah gangguan elaun gangguan
diversity index diversity of industry dividend dividend basis dividend mandate dividend-paid credit dividend-received credit divisibility divisible divisible goods
distribution of income distribution of population distribution problem distribution theory distributional argument distributional aspect
distributional goal distributional pattern distributive distributive share distributive trade distributor district district council disturbance disturbance allowance
— -
— — — — —
diversification diversification of export diversify
104
—
mempelbagai lencongan
—
saluran lencongan
—
— — — — — — -
indeks pelbagaian kepelbagaian industri dividen asas dividen mandat dividen kredit bayar dividen kredit terima dividen kebolehbahagian boleh bahagi barang boleh bahagi
division of labour
double barrel question
division of labour
-
pembahagian kerja
division of power
-
pembahagian kuasa
division of profit
-
division of work document document of title documentation dogma of development economic dollar block dollar gap
domestic terms of trade
-
pembahagian untung pembahagian tugas/ pembahagian kerja
domestic trade
—
perdagangan dalam negeri
domestic water usage
-
kegunaan air dalam negeri
domestication
—
penjinakan
domicile
—
-
dokumen dokumen hak milik
dominance
-
—
dokumentasi dogma ekonomi pembangunan
dominance principle
-
dominant
-
blok dolar jurang dolar
dominant plant dominant technology
-
—
—
—
kadar syarat perdagangan dalam negeri
mastautin keunggulan; penguasaan; dominans prinsip dominans
—
berpengaruh; unggul loji teras
-
teknologi unggul
—
menguasai
—
penumpuan dikuasai
domain
—
domain of attraction
—
domain domain tarikan
dominate (to) dominated convergence
domain of function
-
domain fungsi
dominated strategy
—
dalam negeri/domestik ketibaan dalam negeri
donkey engine
—
enjin kecil
Doolittle technique
—
teknik Doolittle
bil dalam negeri perbadanan dalam negeri kumbahan dalam negeri
dormitory town dot diagram double barrel question
domestic domestic arrival domestic bill domestic corporation domestic sewage
— —
— — —
105
— —
-
strategi terpengaruh
bandar huni gambar rajah titik soalan dwilaras
double coincidence of wants
double coincidence of wants
—
drilling activity
dua kehendak serentak
double counting
—
kiraan dua kali
double cropping
—
tanaman dua kali
—
catatan bergu
double entry double exponential smoothing
—
double indemnity
—
double reversal design
—
double double double double double
sampling smoothed statistic standard taxation taxation agreement
double taxation of saving double-log transformation doubly stochastic matrix doubtful debt
—
— — — —
-
— —
down payment downstream loss downstream operation downtime cost downward trend draft map draft outline draft plan drainage area
pelicinan eksponen berganda ganti rugi berganda reka bentuk pembalikan bergu
drainage crossing drainage density
pensampelan bergu statistik terlicin berganda dua nilaian pencukaian dua kali perjanjian pencukaian dua kali pencukaian tabungan dua kali transformasi log ganda dua matriks dwistokastik hutang ragu 106
— — — — — — — — — — —
bayaran pendahuluan kerugian ke depan operasi ke depan kos lengai arah aliran ke bawah peta lakar draf rangka/garis kasar pelan lakar kawasan saliran lintasari saliran ketumpatan saliran/ kepadatan saliran
drainage system
—
sistem saliran
drawee
—
pesuruh bayar
drawer
—
penyuruh bayar
drawings
—
ambilan
dredging
—
mengorek
drift sand
—
pasir hanyu tan
drill ship
—
kapal gerudi
drilling activity
—
aktiviti penggerudian
drilling
duplicated copy
1ilatform
drilling platform drilling programme drive dropout rate drought drowned valley drummer dry hole dry natural gas dry weather flow dual constraint dual feasibility rlual gap analysis dual labour market theory dual nature of land dual problem dual variable dual water supply system dual-gap dualism
— — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
— — —
dualism persistence dualistic dualistic development duality duality of allocation duality of price determination duality relation duality theorem duality theory due date dumb barter
pelantar penggerudian program penggerudian desakan kadar keciciran kemarau lurah tenggelam penjaja lubang kering gas ash kering aliran musim kemarau konstren dua/kekangan dual kebolehlaksanaan dual analisis duajurang teori pasaran buruh dual sifat dual tanah masalah dual pemboleh ubah dual sistem bekalan air dual jurang dual dualisme
dummy activity dummy variable dump dumping Dunn-Thunen land use model duopoly duopsony duplicated copy 107
— — —
—
— — — —
— — — —
— —
ketegaran dualisme dualistik pembangunan dualistik dualiti dualiti peruntukan dualiti penentuan harga perhubungan dualiti teorem dualiti teori dualiti tarikh matang barter melulu aktiviti dami pemboleh ubah dami lambak lambakan model gunaan tanah Dunn-Thunen duopoli duopsoni salman pendua
duplicated sample
duplicated sample durable capital goods durable goods Durbin-Watson d-statistics Durbin-Watson test Dutch auction duty duty breakdown duty drawback duty plan
dynamics of development
—
sampel pendua barang modal tahan lama barang tahan lama statistik d Durbin-Watson ujian Durbin-Watson lelong Belanda duti; tugas pecahan tugas tuntutan balik duti rancangan tugas
dweller
-
penghuni
dwelling
—
kediaman
dwelling house dwelling zone dying down pattern dynamic dynamic analysis dynamic approach
— — — — — — -
— — — — -
dynamic balance dynamic change dynamic demand dynamic equilibrium dynamic externality dynamic group dynamic growth dynamic inventory model dynamic Leontief model dynamic lot size model dynamic model dynamic planning dynamic programming dynamic stability dynamic state dynamic storage allocation
rumah kediaman zon kediaman bentuk menurun perlahan dinamik analisis dinamik pendekatan dinamik
dynamic theory dynamics of development
108
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
imbangan dinamik perubahan dinamik permintaan dinamik keseimbangan dinamik eksternaliti dinamik kumpulan dinamik pertumbuhan dinamik model inventori dinamik model Leontief dinamik model saiz lot dinamik model dinamik perancangan dinamik pemprograman dinamik kestabilan dinamik keadaan dinamik peruntukan penyimpanan dinamik teori dinamik dinamik pembangunan
eagerness to buy
economic activity
E
echelon form
—
ecological
—
ecological constraint
—
bentuk eselon
ecological correlation
—
—
statistik pengeluaran awal penandaan; peruntukan
ekologi konstren ekologi/kekangan ekologi korelasi ekologi
ecological development
—
pembangunan ekologi
earned income
—
pendapatan diperoleh
ecological dualism
-
dualisme ekologi
earned income credit
—
kredit pendapatan diperoleh
ecological system
—
sistem ekologi
earning asset
—
aset berperolehan
ecology
—
ekologi
earning asset distribution
—
agihan aset berperolehan
economic law
—
hukum ekonomi
earnings
—
perolehan
econometric analysis
—
analisis ekonometrik
earnings evaluation model
—
model penilaian perolehan
earth crust earthquake
-
kerak bumi gempa bumi
econometric forecasting model econometric method
easement
—
perolehan hak
easily flooded zone
—
zon mudah banjir perdagangan timur-barat kemasukan mudah dasar wang mudah bangunan agama
econometric study econometrician econometrics economic activity
eagerness to buy ear protector early production statistics earmarking
east-west trade easy entry easy money policy ecclesiastical building
—
-
—
— — — —
minat membeli pelindung pendengaran
109
—
model peramalan ekonometrik kaedah ekonometrik
econometric model
—
model ekonometrik
econometric modelling
-
pemodelan ekonometrik
—
— — —
kajian ekonometnk ahli ekonometrik ekonometrik aktiviti ekonomi
economic advisor
economic limit
economic advisor
—
penasihat ekonomi
economic aid
—
bantuan ekonomi
economic efficiency economic equilibrium
economic analysis
—
analisis ekonomi
economic assistance
—
bantuan ekonomi
economic backwardness
—
economic base analysis economic capacity economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic
class classification concentration conflict decision depression determinism development dominance domination dualism dynamics effect
—
kecekapan ekonomi
—
keseimbangan ekonomi
economic forecasting
—
peramalan ekonomi
economic freedom
—
kebebasan ekonomi
kemunduran ekonomi
economic friction
—
pergeseran ekonomi
—
analisis asas ekonomi
economic goal
—
matlamat ekonomi
—
kapasiti ekonomi
economic goods
—
barang’ekonomi
—
kelas ekonomi
economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic
— — — — — — — — — — — —
pengelasan ekonomi penumpuan ekonomi konflik ekonomi keputusan ekonomi kemelesetan ekonomi determinisme ekonomi pembangunan ekonomi penguasaan ekonomi penguasaan ekonomi dualisme ekonomi dinamik ekonomi kesan ekonomi 110
growth history impact analysis imperialism implication independence indicator injury integration interpretation law life limit
— — — — — — — — — — — —
-
pertumbuhan ekonomi sejarah ekonomi analisis tubrukan ekonomi imperialisme ekonomi implikasi ekonomi kebebasan ekonomi penunjuk ekonomi kecacatan ekonomi integrasi ekonomi pentafsiran ekonomi hukum ekonomi hayat ekonomi had ekonomi
economic location economic location economic lot size economic lot size model
economic strike
—
letakan ekonomi
—
saiz lot ekonomi model saiz lot ekonomi
economic man
—
manusia ekonomi
economic margin
—
margin ekonomi
economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic economic
maturity method nationalism opportunity optima order order quantity plan planning planning unit policy
economic pressure economic principle
—
— — —
— — — — — — — —
kematangan ekonomi kaedah ekonomi nasionalisme ekonomi peluang ekonomi optimum ekonomi susunan ekonomi kuantiti pesanan ekonomi rancangan ekonomi perancangan eluStiomi unit perancangan ekonomi d.asar ekonomi
—
tekanan ekonomi prinsip ekonomi
economic problem
—
masalah ekonomi
economic progress
—
kemajuan ekonomi
-~
economic projection economic rationality
—
unjuran ekonomi kerasionalan ekonomi kemelesetan ekonomi
economic recession economic recoverable reserve economic rent
—
sewa ekonomi
economic report
—
laporan ekonomi
economic returns
—
pulangan ekonomi
economic role
-
peranan ekonomi
economic sanction
—
economic scarcity economic self-sufficiency
rizab boleh usaha ekonomi
—
sekatan ekonomi kekurangan ekonomi
—
mampu diii segi ekonomi
economic sociology
—
sosiologi ekonomi
economic space
—
ruang ekonomi
economic economic economic economic economic economic 111
—
specialization stabilization stage static statistics strike
— —
pengkhususan ekonomi penstabilan ekonomi tahap ekonomi statik ekonomi statistik ekonomi pemogokan ekonomi
effective protection
economc surplus economic surplus
—
economic system
—
lebihan ekonomi sistem ekonomi
economic theory
—
teori ekonomi
economic thought economic threshold economic time series economic transformation economic trend economic value economic variable economic welfare economically activepopulation economically developed economics economics of data processing economics of pollution economies of scale economizing principle
— — — — — — — —
— — —
— —
—
economist economy hypothesis ecosystem
pemikiran ekonomi ambang ekonomi sin masa ekonomi transformasi ekonomi arah aliran ekonomi nilai ekonomi pemboleh ubah ekonomi kebajikan ekonomi penduduk aktif segi ekonomi maju segi ekonomi ekonomi ekonomi pemprosesan data
ekosistem
—
Edgeworth box
-
tepi/pinggir kotak Edgeworth
education
—
pelajaran; pendidikan
education finance
-
pembiayaan pendidikan
educational attainment
—
pencapaian pelajaran
—
effect
-
effective competition
—
effective demand effective demand curve effective gross rent effective impeded entry effective interest rate effective protection 112
—
edge
educational planning educational planning model
ekonomi pencemaran ekonomi ikut skel/ekonomi ikut bidangan prinsip penjimatan
-
ahli ekonomi hipotesis ekonomi
—
— —
— —
—
perancangan pendidikan model perancangan pendidikan kesan persaingan berkesan permintaan berkesan keluk permintaan berkesan sewa kasar berkesan kemasukan terhalang berkesan kadar bunga berkesan perlindungan berkesan
effective protection tariff
effective effective effective effective
protection tariff rainfall rate rate of protection
effective supply effective supply curve effective tariff effective tax rate effective temperature effectiveness effectiveness of change effectiveness of matrix efficiency efficiency condition efficiency criteria efficiency factor efficiency frontier efficiency locus efficiency modifier efficient allocation
elasticity cost
— — -
— — — — — — — — — — — -
tarif perlindungan berkesan air hujan berkesan kadar berkesan kadar perlindungan berkesan penawaran berkesan keluk penawaran berkesan tarif berkesan kadar cukai berkesan suhu berkesan keberkesanan keberkesanan perubahan keberkesanan matriks kecekapan syarat kecekapan kriteria kecekapan faktor kecekapan sempadan kecekapan lokus kecekapan pengubahsuai kecekapan peruntukan cekap
efficient estimator efficient solution effluent effluent charge effluent disposal effluent fee effluent standard effluent tax effluent-fee policy effort effort price of labour effort tax eigen value method eigen vector elastic elastic currency elastic demand elastic supply elasticity elasticity concept elasticity cost 113
— — — — — — —
— — — -
— — — — — — -
penganggar cekap penyelesaian cekap buangan kotoran/efluen caj buangan kotoran pembuangan kotoran bayaran efluen piawai efluen cukai efluen dasar bayaran efluen usaha harga usaha buruh cukai usaha kaedah nilai eigen vektor eigen anjal mats wang anjal permintaan anjal penawaran anjal keanjalan konsep keanjalan kos keanjalan
eliminant
elasticity of consumption income
elasticity of consumption income elasticity of demand elasticity of expectation elasticity of factor supply elasticity of income elasticity of labour supply elasticity of marketed surplus elasticity of production elasticity of profit elasticity of response elasticity of revenue elasticity of substitution elasticity of supply elasticity of wage rate electric capacity electric charge electric force electric generating station
—
— —
— — — —
— — — — — — — — —
keanjalan pendapatan penggunaan keanjalan permintaan keanjalan jangkaan keanjalan penawaran faktor keanjalan pendapatan keanjalan penawaran buruh keanjalan lebihan dipasarkan keanjalan pengeluaran keanjalan untung keanjalan tindak balas keanjalan hasil keanjalan penggantian keanjalan penawaran keanjalan kadar upah kapasiti elektrik caj elektrik daya elektrik stesen penjanaan kuasa elektrik
- — electric generator electric power get~s~Mion electric power plant — — electric transmission electrical charge — electrical energy — — electricity generating capacity electricity generation — model electrochemical device — electronic — element — — elementary algebra
penjana elektrik penjanaan kuasa elektrik loji kuasa elektrik pengaliran elektrik
elementary event elementary function
peristiwa permulaan fungsi permulaan
elementary system of random variable elementary transformation elevated road eliminant 114
— —
-
— — —
cas elektrik tenaga elektrik keupayaan penjanaan elektrik model penjanaan elektrik peranti elektrokimia elektronik unsur algebra permulaan
sistem permulaan pemboleh ubah rambang transformasi permulaan jalan raya tinggi bahan singkir
elimination test
elimination test ellipse of concentration ellipse of equal probability embargo embodied technical progress embodied technological progress emigration eminent domain emission emission standard
employment rate
— — —
— -
—
— — —
emission tax
ujian penyingkiran elips penumpuan elips probabiliti sama/ elips kebarangkalian sama embargo kemajuan teknik terkandung kemajuan teknologi tak terkandung penghijrahan domain nyata sebaran kotoran piawai sebaran kotoran
empirical problem empirical rule empirical study empirical testing empiricism employee employer employment employment by race employment comparison employment dominance employment equilibriuni level
cukai sebaran kotoran
emissivity
—
daya sebaran kotoran
emotionaLreaction
—
reaksi beremosi
empirical analysis empirical data empirical evidence empirical frequency function
empirical probability
— — — —
employment gap
analisis empirik data empirik bukti empirik fungsi frekuensi empirik/ fungsi kekerapan empirik
employment employment employment employment 115
growth linkage planning rate
—
— — — — — —
— — —
—
probabiliti empirik/ kebarangkalian empirik masalah empirik peraturan empirik kajian empirik pengujian empirik empirisme pekerja majikan guna tenaga; pekerjaan guna tenaga ikut bangsa; guna tenaga ikut kaum perbandingan guna tenaga penguasaan guna tenaga tingkat keseimbangan guna tenaga jurang guna tenaga
—
pertumbuhan guna tenaga rantaian guna tenaga perancangan guna tenaga
—
kadar guna tenaga
—
energy model
employment skill gap employment skill gap employment employment employment employment empty event
study surplus survey volume
empty set enactment encashment encashment credit enclave economy encroachment encyclical end of product line
—
— — — —
jurang kemahiran guna tenaga kajian guna tenaga lebihan guna tenaga kaji selidik guna tenaga jumlah guna tenaga peristiwa kosong
end point estimator
—
set kosong enakmen pertunaian kredit pei-tunaian ekonomi kantungan langgar sempadan memperkitarkan akhir tertib pengeluaran penganggar titik hujung
end product
—
keluaran akhir
endangered species endangered species acts endogenous agricultural problem
— — — — — -
—
— — —
endogenous factor endogenous lagged variable endogenous variable
-
endorse
—
catat-tera
endowment
—
penganugerahan
endowment insurance
-
insurans bekal hidup
endowment policy
—
polisi bekal hidup
energy act
—
akta tenaga
energy conservation
—
pengekalan haba
energy economics energy industry energy intensiveness energy loss energy market energy model 116
faktor endogen pemboleh ubah terlat endogen pemboleh ubah endogen
energy consumption energy crisis energy demand model energy demand pattern
spesies terancam akta spesies terancam masalah pertanian endogen
—
-
— — — -
— — —
— — —
penggunaan tenaga krisis tenaga model permintaan tenaga pola permintaan tenaga ekonomi tenaga industri tenaga keintensifan tenaga kehilangan tenaga pasaran tenaga model tenaga
entrepot
energy of diffusion
energy of diffusion energy policy energy price energy resource requirement energy sector energy self-sufficiency energy use energy-economic model energy-economic system energy-producing industry energy-producing technology energy-using technology
enforcement problem
—
engine of growth
—
—
tenaga resapan dasar tenaga harga tenaga
engineering data
—
—
keperluan sumber tenaga
engineering economics
—
Engle’s curve
—
— —
— — —
— — -
-
-
energy-using industry
—
enforce
—
enforcement enforcement order
sektor tenaga mampu din tenaga kegunaan tenaga
Engles’ law enhanced oil recovery enlargement enquiry
model tenaga ekonomi sistem tenaga ekonomi industri mengeluarkan tenaga teknologi mengeluarkan tenaga -
enquiry commission enrichment plant enrollment ratio entering variable enterprise enterprise budget enterprise combination entertainment centre entertainment expense entire function entrepot
teknologi menggunakan tenaga industri menggunakan tenaga
—
kuat kuasa penguatkuasaan
—
perintah penguatkuasaan 117
—
masalah penguatkuasaan jentera pertumbuhan data kejuruteraan ekonomi kejuruteraan keluk Engle hukum Engle penemuan minyak terbesar
—
pembesaran siasatan
—
suruhanjaya siasatan
—
— — — — —
loji peningkatan mutu. nisbah pendaftaran pemboleh ubah masuk perusahaan belanjawan perusahaan kombinasi perusahaan pusat hiburan belanja keraian fungsi seluruh entrepot
entrepot trade
entrepot trade entrepreneur entrepreneurship entry entry barrier entry table enumeration enumerator variability envelope curve environment environment change environmental amenity environmental constraint environmental economics environmental effect environmental externality environmental factor environmental impact assessment environmental impact statement
equal product curve
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
—
perdagangan entrepot usahawan keusahawanan
environmental policy
-
environmental poflution environjn~ntalproblem. ~vironmental protection act
catatan; masukan halangan masukan jadual masukan pengangkaan kebolehubahan pembanci keluk kandung persekitaran; alam sekitar perubahan persekitaran ameniti alam sekitar konstren alam sekitar ekonomi alam sekitar kesan alam sekitar eksternaliti persekitaran faktor persekitaran penaksiran tubrukan persekitaran kenyataan tubrukan alam sekitar
environmental protection agency
— —
-
-
dasar alam sekitar pencemaran alam sekitar masalah alam sekitar akta perlindungan alam sekitar agensi perlindungan alam sekitar
environmental quality
—
kualiti alam sekitar
environmental quality act
—
akta kualiti persekitaran
environmental science
—
sains alam sekitar
environmental standard environmental system
— —
piawai alam sekitar sistem alam sekitar
environmentalism
—
epilogue
—
equal class interval
—
jeda kelas sama
—
garis kos sama
equal cost line equal marginal returns equal pay equal potential availability equal product curve 118
—
— — — —
fahaman persekitaran epilog -
pulangan sut sama upah sama ketersediaan potensi sama keluk keluaran sama
equal protection clause
equal protection clause equalization equalization of fiscal position equalization of profit rate equalization of returns equalization of wage rate equalitarianism equality equality of taxation equality of variance equally likely event equation equation error equation of exchange equatorial rain forest equi-marginal principle equi-marginal return equiangular equicontinuous equidistant
equimarginal utility
— — —
— -
— — — — — — — — — — — —
fasal perlindungan sama penyamaan penyamaan kedudukan fiskal penyamaan kadar unung penyamaan pulangan penyamaan kadar upah
equilateral equilibrating mechanism equilibrating regional centre equilibrium equilibrium condition equilibrium of firm equilibrium of industry
fahaman kesamaan kesamaan kesamaan pencukaian kesamaan varians peristiwa sama kemungkinan persamaan ralat persamaan persamaan pertukaran hutan hujan khatulistiwa prinsip sut-sama pulangan sut-sama bersudut sama selanjar sama jarak sama
equilibrium period equilibrium equilibrium equilibrium equilibrium
119
over singleover time path price probability
— — —
— — — —
— — -
segi sama mekanisme penyeimbangan pusat kawasan penyeimbaflgan keseimbangan syarat keseimbángan keseimbangan firma keseimbangan industri keseimbangan pada satu tempoh keseimbangan ikut masa laluan keseimbangan harga keseimbangan probabiliti keseimbangan/ kebarangkalian keseimbangan
equilibrium state
—
keadaan keseimbangan
equilibrium trap equilibrium wage
-
perangkap keseimbangan
—
upah keseimbangan
equimarginal rule
—
peraturan sut sama
equimarginal utility
—
utiliti sut sama
error controlled regulation
equipartition equipartition equipment equipment financing equipment leasing equitable equitable game equitable remedy equitable resource allocation equity advantage equity aspect equity capital equity claim equity in subsidising
equity issue equity of economic system
equity principle
— — — — — — — —
—
— — -
—
— —
—
pemetakan sama kelengkapan; peralatan pembiayaan peralatan pajakan peralatan adil; saksama permainan saksama remedi adil peruntukan sumber saksama kebaikan ekuiti
equity to value ratio equity value
—
nisbah ekuiti nilai nilai ekuiti
equivalence
—
kesetaraan
equivalent
—
setara
equivalent equation
—
equivalent fraction equivalent sample equivalent set equivalent triangle ergodic process ergodic state ergodic theorem ergodicity ergonomics Erlang distribution erosion erosive action error
aspek ekuiti modal ekuiti tuntutan ekuiti kesaksamaan pemberian subsidi/keadilan pemberian subsidi isu ekuiti keadilan sistem ekonomi/ kesaksamaan sistem ekonomi prinsip keadilan/prinsip kesaksamaan 120
—
persamaan setara
—
pecahan setara sampel setara set setara segi tiga setara proses ergodik keadaan ergodik teorem ergodik keergodikan ergonomi taburan Erlang hakisan tindakan hakisan ralat
error and omission.
—
ralat dan ketinggalan
error controlled regulation
—
peraturan kawal ralat
— — — — — — — — — — — —
error curve
error curve error in equation error in variable error of estimation error of prediction error of the sum erythrobic acid escape-clause essential consumption essential state established commercial field established project establishment estate estate coownership
ethic
— — — — — — — — —
—
— — —
—
estate duty
-
estate management
—
estate planning
—
keluk ralat ralat dalam persamaan ralat dalam pemboleh ubah ralat penganggaran ralat penelahan ralat hasil tambah asid eritrob fasal pelepasan penggunaan perlu keadaan penting/keadaan perlu kawasan telaga perdagangan mantap projek mantap penubuhan harts pusaka; estet; ladang
estate settlement cost
-
kos penempatan estet
estate tax
—
cukai estet; cukai harts
estate tax rate
—
kadar cukai estet
estate transfer method
—
kaedah pindah milik estet
esthetic value estimate
—
nilai estetik’ anggaran
estimated cost
—
kos teranggar
estimating functiqn
-
fungsi menganggar
estimating returns
-
pulangan menganggar
estimation
-
penganggaran
estimation method
-
kaedah penganggaran
estimation of elasticity
—
penganggaran keanjalan
estimation of production function estimation of response surface
pemilikan bersama estet duti harts pusaka
estimator estuary ethane recovery plant ethic
pengurusan harts pusaka; pengurusan ladang perancangan estet 121
—
-
—
— —
penganggaran fungsi pengeluaran penganggaran permukaan gerak balas penganggar muara loji pemulih etana etik
ethical income redistribution
ethical income redistribution ethnic group ethnocentrism
exact sampling theory
—
pengagihan semula pendapatan etik kumpulan etnik etnosentrisme/fahaman ekonomi tertutup ruang Euclidean pemalar Euler gambar rajah Euler mats wang Eropah eutrofikasi menilai penilaian fungsi penilaian pemetaan penilaian penilaian penganggar rancangan penilaian perancangan berpenilaian
evapo-transpiration
-
pepeluhan sejat
evaporation rate of water
—
kadar penyejatan air
evaporative cooling tower
—
Euclidean space Euler’s constant Euler’s diagram Eurocurrency eutrophication evaluate (to) evaluation evaluation function evaluation mapping evaluation of estimator evaluation plan evaluative planning
—
—
— — — — — — — — -
even function even nui’nber even payment plan event event node event outcome forecast event space event timing forecast evergreen evergreen forest evergreen tropical rain forest evolutionary development evolutionary state evolutionary theory evolutionism cx ante cx post exact differential equation
menara pendinginan menyejat
exact samplij3giheory 122
—
— —
— — — —
— — — -
— — — — — — —
—
fungsi genap nombor genap rancangan bayaran sama rats peristiwa nod peristiwa ramalan natijah peristiwa ruang peristiwa ramalan pemasaan peristiwa malar hijau hutan malar hijau hutan hujan tropika malar hijau pembangunan evolusi keadaan evolusi teori evolusi fahaman evolusi ex ante ex post persamaan kebezaan tepat teori pensampelan tepat
exact value
exact value exactly identified equation
executive role
— —
nilai tepat
excess
—
excess bank reserve
—
berlebihanrizab bank berlebihan
—
beban berlebihan
—
keupayaan berlebihan
-
penggunaan berlebihan
excess burden excess capacity excess consumption excess demand excess inquidity
—
perrnintaan berlebihan kecairan berlebihan
excess profit
—
untung berlebihan
excess profit tax
—
-
excess reserve
—
cukai keuntungan berlebihan rizab berlebihan
excess share
—
syer berlebihan
excess supply excessive specialization exchange exchange control exchange depreciation
— — — — —
exchange equalization account exchange management exchange matrix exchange of share exchange rate exchange regulation exchange risk exchange stabilization fund exchange value excise tax excludability excluded variable exclusion exclusive goods exclusive rights
persamaan terkenal pasw~ tepat
penawaran berlebihan pengkhususan berlebihan pertukaran; bursa kawalan pertukaran susut nilai pertukaran
execotive executive officer executive role 123
—
— — — — —
— —
— — — — —
— —
-
akaun penyamaan pertukaran pengurusan pertukaran matriks pertukaran pertukaran syer kadar pertukaran peraturan pertukaran risiko pertukaran dana penstabilan pertukaran nilai pertukaran cukai eksais kebolehkecualian pemboleh ubah tersingkir kecualian barang eksklusif hak eksklusif eksekutif pegawai kerja/pegawai eksekutif peranan eksekutif
exemption
exemption exhaust emission exhausted balance exhausted land exhaustibility of fossil fuel exhaustible resource exhaustion of fossil fuel
expected loss
exogenous lagged variable
—
exogenous variable
—
pemboleh ubah terlat eksogen pemboleh ubah eksogen
expansion
—
pengembangan
expansion of water
—
pengembangan air
expansion path
—
laluan pengembangan
expansion strip
-
expansionary budget
—
belanjawan pengembangan
—
kesan pengembangan
—
rancangan pembesaran
—
pengecualian sebaran kotoran kereta baki pupus tanah pupus kebolehpupusan bahan bakar fosil sumber boleh pupus kepupusan bahan bakar fosil natijah menyeluruh pensampelan menyeluruh carian habisan teorem kewujudan nilai kewujudan kawasan telaga sedia ada kriteria keluar eksogen
—
masalah pertanian eksogen
expected future returns
exogenous change
—
perubahan eksogen
exogenous factor
—
faktor eksogen
expected income expected loss
exhaustive outcome exhaustive sampling exhaustive search existence theorem existence value existing field exit criterion exogenous exogenous agricultural problem
— — -
-
— — — — —
expansionary effect expansionary plan expansionist policy expansive population policy expectation expected frequency
124
— —
—
—
—
jalur pengembangan
dasar peluasan dasar pengembangan penduduk jangkaan frekuensi dgangka/ kekerapan d~jangka pulangan masa depan dijangka pendapatan dijangka kerugian dijangka
expected mean square
expected mean square expected monetary value expected opportunity loss expected profit expected revaluation expected utility expected value expected value method expected value of perfect information expenditure expenditure approach expenditure benefit expenditure curve expenditure effect expenditure growth expenditure line expenditure pattern expenditure policy expenditure system
exploitable quantity
— -
— — — —
—
— — —
—
— — — — —
ganda dua mm dijangka nilai kewangan dijangka kerugian peluang terjangka untung dijangka penilaian semula dijangka utiliti d~jangka nilai dijangka kaedah nilai dijangka
expenditure tax expense expense account expense of production expense structure ratio experiment experimental approach experimental design experimental error experimental group experimental region experimental sample distribution experimental unit expertise explained variation explanatory model explanatory variable explicit function
nilai dijangka maklumat sempurna perbelanjaan pendekatan perbelanjaan faedah perbelanjaan keluk perbelanjaan kesan perbelanjaan pertumbuhan perbelanjaan garis perbelanjaan pola perbelanjaan dasar perbelanjaan sistem perbelanjaan
exploitable quantity 125
— — — — —
— — — — -
cukai perbelanjaan belanja akaun belanja belanja pengeluaran nisbah struktur perbelanjaan ujikaji pendekatan uji kaji reka bentuk uji kaji ralat uji kaji kumpulan uji kaji kawasan uji kaji taburan sampel uji kaji
—
unit uji kaji kepakaran variasi terjelas model penjelas pemboleh ubah penjelas fungsi eksplisit
—
kuantiti boleh eksploitasi
— — -
exploitation activity
exploitation activity exploitation exploitation policy exploration exploration cost exploration production function exploration rig exploratory study explosion explosion spectrum expo exponent exponential absorption exponential curve exponential distribution exponential family exponential function exponential smoothing exponential trend
export industry and dualism
— —
— — -
— — — — -
— — —
— — —
aktiviti eksploitasi eksploitasi/penindasan dasar eksploitasi/dasar penindasan cari gali kos can gali fungsi pengeluaran cari gali pelantar can gali kajian penerokaan letupan spektrum letupan ekspo eksponen penyerapan eksponen keluk eksponen taburan eksponen keluarga eksponen
exponentially weighted moving average export export agent export base theory export bonus scheme export broker export concentration export credit guarantee export dumping export duty export effect export enclave
fungsi eksponen pelicinan eksponen arah aliran eksponen
— —
— — — — — — —
export growth
-
export incentive
—
export incozñe stabilization
—
expo,xt industry
—
e~4ortindustry and dualism 126
—
-
purata bergerak terwajar eksponen eksport ejen eksport teori asas eksport skim bonus eksport broker eksport pemusatan eksport jaminan kredit eksport pelambakan eksport duti eksport kesan eksport kantungan eksport pertumbuhan eksport galakan eksport/insentif eksport penstabilan pendapatan eksport industri eksport industri eksport dan dualisme
expørt instability
export instability export intelligence export licence export merchant
extensive agriculture
-
ketakstabilan eksport
—
perisik eksport
—
lesen ekspont
— —
expqrt oriented industry
—
expørt parameter
—
parameter eksport
-
pendekatan prestasi eksport
exp~rtprice instability export promotion export quota export rate export rebate export sharC export surplus export tax export trade
— —
export-import bank export-led growth
saudagan eksport pengganda eksport
export multiplier
export performance approach expqrt potential
export volume instability
exporter exposed site exposure to risk expropriation act expulsion threat
industni beronientasi eksport
potensi eksport ketakstabilan harga eksport
-
-
—
-
-
extended bond
-
ketakstabilan jumlah eksport bank eksport-import pertumbuhan berpuncakan eltaport pengeksport tapak tendedah pendedahan kepada nisiko akta pengambilalihan ancaman pembuangan/ ancaman pengusiran bon tangguh matang
extended random variable
-
—
promosi eksport kuota eksport
extended standard model
-
—
kadan eksport
extended term financing
-
—
rebat eksport extension advice
—
—
bahagian eksport lebihan eksport
pembiayaan penggal dilanjutkan nasihat pengembangan
extension agent
—
ejen pengembangan
—
cukai eksport
extension area
-
—
perdagangan eksport
extensive agriculture
-
—
—
127
pemboleh ubah rambang diperluas model piawai diperluas
kawasan tambahan pertanian ekstensif
extensive form of analysis extensive form of analysis extensive margin extensive sampling external benefit external capital rationing external compatibility external cost external costs and benefits external external external external external
credit rationing. debt deficit diseconomies economy
external external external external external external
factor finance force ring road surplus system
extreme value
—
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — —
bentuk analisis ekstensif margin ekstensif pensampelan ekstensif faedah luaran pencatuan modal luaran penyesuaian luaran kos luaran kos dan faedah luaran pencatuan kredit luaran hutang luar negeri defisit luar negeri tak ekonomi luaran ekonomi luaran faktor luaran pembiayaan luar tekanan luar negeri jalan keliling luar lebihan luar negeri sistem luaran
external trade creation
—
external trade suppression
—
external validity externality extinction extinction probability extra combustion engine extra-market benefit extraction extractive cost extractive industry extraneous information extrapolation extrapolation risk extreme point extreme value
128
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — — —
penciptaan perdagangan luar negeri penindasan perdagangan luar negeri kesahan luaran eksternaliti kepupusan kebarangkalian kepupusan/ probabiliti kepupusan enjin pembakaran tambahan faedah luar pasaran cabutan; pengekstrakan kos ekstraktif industri ekstraktif maklumat luaran ekstrapolasi risiko ekstrapolasi titik ekstrem nilai ekstrem
-
factor reversal test
F-distribution
F F-distribution
-
taburan F
F-statistic
—
statistik F
F-test fabric filter
factor excess burden
-
beban berlebihan faktor
factor intensity
—
keamatan faktor
factor intensity reversal
—
pembalikan intensiti faktor/pembalikan keamatan faktor
—
ujian F penuras fabrik
factor level
—
paras faktor
face value
—
nilai muka
factor market
—
pasaran faktor
facet planning
—
perancangan faset
factor market imperfection
—
facility
—
kemudahan
facility charge
—
caj kemudahan
factor movement
-
pergerakan faktor
—
faktor
factor of production
—
faktor pengeluaran
pengumpulan faktor analisis faktor
factor payment
—
pembayaran faktor
factor price
—
harga faktor
kaedah analisis faktor gabungan faktor kos faktor fungsi permintaan faktor
factor price equalization
—
penyamaan harga faktor
factor product relationship
-
factor factor accumulation factor analysis factor analysis method factor combination factor cost factor demand function factor earnings factor efficiency factor endowment
—
— —
— — —
— —
factor productivity factor proportion
perolehan faktor kecekapan faktor penganugerahan faktor 129
ketaksempurnaan pasaran faktor
perhubungan faktor keluaran
—
daya pengeluaran faktor perkadaran faktor
factor reversal property
—
sifat pembalikan faktor
factor reversal test
—
ujian pembalikan faktor
—
factor service
family tree
factor service
—
factor share approach
—
perkhidmatan faktor
failure model
—
model kegagalan
pendekatan sumbangan faktor
failure to report
—
kegagalan melapor
fair coin
—
duit adil/syiling adil
factor substitution
—
penggantian faktor
fair competition
—
pertandingan saksama
factor supply
-
penawaran faktor
fair game
—
permainan saksama
factor switching effect
—
kesan penukaran faktor
fair market value
—
perubahan teknologi pengimbuhan faktor
fair price
—
nilai pasaran saksama harga patut
fair trade
—
perdagangan saksama
fair trade law
—
fallacy of composition
-
kekeliruan komposisi
—
pasaran menurun
—
elaun keluarga
factor-augmenting technological change factor-price distortion
-
-
pengherotan faktor-harga
factorage
—
factorial
—
factoring
—
faktorial pemfaktoran
—
pemfaktoran
falling market family allowance family arrangement
—
-
kriteria pemfaktoran perhubungan faktor
family assistance plan
—
-
kilang
factorization factorization criteria factors relationship factory factory overhead factory service cost factory system factual work
—
— -
— -
faktoraj
overhed kilang kos perkhidmatan kilang
family family family family
sistem kilang kerja benar 130
composition planning size tree
— — — —
hukum perdagangan saksama
pengaturan keluarga rancangan bantuan keluarga komposisi keluarga perancangan keluarga saiz keluarga pokok keluarga
farm organization
family unit
family unit famine
—
unit keluarga kebuluran
farm
—
tani; ladang; kebun
farm accounting
—
perakaunan ladang
farm animal waste
-
buangan ternakan ladang
farm asset
—
aset ladang
farm business farm business analysis
—
—
farm capital
-
farm capital limitation
-
farm cash receipt
—
farm commodity price farm comparison farm cooperative farm credit administration farm credit board farm credit district farm credit legislation farm credit system
—
— — — — —
farm employment farm enlargement farm example farm family farm firm farm gate price farm goals farm improvement farm income farm inventory farm layout farm loan administration
perniagaan ladang analisis perniagaan ladang modal ladang pengehadan modal ladang penerimaan tunai ladang harga komoditi ladang
farm loss farm management problem farm mechanization
perbandingan ladang koperasi ladang pen tadbiran kredit ladang lembaga kredit ladang daerah kredit ladang perundangan kredit ladang sistem kredit ladang
farm mortgage debt farm operator’s net earning farm organization 131
—
guna tenaga ladang pembesaran ladang contoh ladang keluarga petani firma ladang harga di ladang matlamat ladang pembaikan ladang pendapatan ladang inventori ladang susun atur ladang pentadbiran pinjaman ladang kerugian ladang masalah pengurusan ladang
—
penjenteraan ladang
— — — — — — — -
—
-
—
hutang gadai janji ladang perolehan bersih pengusaha ladang organisasi ladang
fatality rate
farm output
farm output farm owner farm planning farm population farm price farm price support farqi pcoduce farm production farm production potential farm programme farm purchase farm receipt farm record farm response farm retail price farm security administration farm size
— — — — -
— — — — — — -
—
farm subsidy
—
farm surplus
—
output ladang pemilik ladang perancangan ladang penduduk ladang harga ladang sokongan harga ladang keluaran ladang pengeluaran ladang potensi pengeluaran ladang program ladang pembelian ladang penermaan ladang rekod ladang gerak balas ladang harga runcit ladang pentadbiran keselainatan ladang saiz ladang
-
kaji selidik ladang
-
penyewaan ladang
farm tenant
—
penyewa ladang
farm tenure
-
farm survey farm tenancy
farm value farm worker farmer farmer’s share of consumer dollar farmers campaign for credit
—
pekerja ladang
—
petani/peladang
-
-
bahagian dolar pengguna untuk peladang kempen peladang untuk kredit
—
fascism
—
fahaman fasis
fast breeder reactor
—
reaktor pembiak cepat
fast food
—
fat
—
fatality rate 132
tempoh pemegangan ladang nilai ladang
farming
fat ore fat-lamb production
subsidi ladang lebihan ladang
—
berladang; berternak; bertani
makanan segera lemak
-
b~jihkaya pengeluaran lemak-kambing
—
kadar kematian
-
father and son arrangement
father and son arrangement fattening feedlot fatty amide sulphate favourable balance
federal revenue sharing
—
pengaturan bapa dan anak
fecundity
—
federal credit act —
— —
favourable balance of trade
lot makanan penggemuk
federal crop insurance
—
sulfat amida lemak imbangan positif/ imbangan memuaskan
federal expenditure
—
federal farm board
—
imbangan perdagangan positif/imbangan perdagangan memuaskan
dana persekutuan bank tanah persekutuan
—
pilih kasih
—
kebolehlaksanaan
federal land bank system
-
feasibility condition
—
syarat kebolehlaksanaan
feasibility of planning
federal power
—
—
federal power commission
—
federal radiation council
—
— — — — —
133
lembaga ladang persekutuan
—
feasibility
—
perbelanjaan persekutuan
—
favouritism
feasibility study feasibility test feasible feasible direction feasible programme feasible region feasible solution
insurans tanaman persekutuar~
federal fund federal land bank
kebolehlaksanaan perancangan kajian kebolehlaksanaan ujian kebolehlaksanaan boleh laksana arah boleh laksana program boleh laksana kawasan boleh laksana penyelesaian boleh laksana
kesuburan akta kredit persekutuan
sistem bank tanah persekutuan kuasa persekutuan suruhanjaya kuasa persekutuan majlis sinaran persekutuan
Federal Reserve Bank
-
Bank Rizab Persekutuan
federal reserve system
-
sistem rizab persekutuan
federal revenue sharing
—
perkongsian hasil persekutuan
federal taxing power
federal taxing power federal trade commission federalism fee fee-simple title feed grain feed lot feed product feed reserve feed unit feed-mixed problem feedback feedback system feeder road feeding period female population
fiduciary accounting
—
—
— — — — — — — —
—
kuasa pencukaian persekutuan suruhanjaya perdagangan persekutuan fahaman persekutuan fi; yuran hak milik bayaran mudah makanan bijirin lot makanan keluaran perantaraan rizab makanan unit makanan masalah campuran makanan maklum balas
-
sistem makium balas jalan penghantar
—
tempoh ben makan
-
fence improvement
-
penduduk perempuan pembaikan pagar
fermentation product
—
hasil fermentasi
—
fermi breeder reactor ferric chloride ferro alloy ferrous sulphate fertile material fertilizer fertilizer response surface fertilizer use fertility rate feudal agriculture feudal system feudalism fiat money fiat standard fictional unemployment fictitious asset fiducial limit fiducial probability fiduciary accounting 134
— — — — — —
— — — — — — —
—
reaktor pembiak fermi besi klorida aloi besi besi sulfat bahan subur baja permukaan gerak balas baja penggunaan baja kadar kesuburan pertanian feudal sistem feudal feudalisme wang fiat piawai fiat pengangguran geseran aset rekaar~ had fidusial probabiliti fidusiaV kebarangkalian fidusial perakaunan fidusiari
financial arrangement
fiduciary issue
fiduciary issue fiduciary money field
—
-
terbitan fidusiari
final intermediate use
—
wang fidusiari bidang; luar
final output
—
output akhir
—
pelan akhir keluaran akhir
field book
-
buku kerja luar
final plan
field investigation
siasatan luar
final product
—
—
pejabat luar wakil ladang
final report
—
lembaran kerja luar
final utility finance
field office
—
field representative
—
field sheet field supervisor
—
final use
-
finance bill
—
bil kewangan
-
caj pembiayaan
field work
—
filiation of economic ideas
—
cabangan idea ekonomi
finance charge
turas; penuras
—
filter bag
—
beg penuras
finance company finance expense
filtered Poisson process
proses Poisson terturas
finance house
—
—
finance market
—
finance of foreign trade
-
—
filter
filtering process
—
proses penurasan
filtration
—
penurasan
final demand
—
permintaan akhir
financial accounting
final demand sector
-
sektor permintaan akhir
final dividend
—
dividen akhir
financial analysis financial arrangement 135
laporan akhir kegunaan akhir utiliti akhir biaya; kewangan
penyelia luar kerja luar
—
• —
kegunaan pertengahan akhir
-
syarikat kewangan belanja pembiayaan gedung kewangan
-
— —
pasaran kewangan pembiayaan perdagangan asing perakaunan kewangan analisis kewangan pengaturan kewangan
financial assistant
financial assistant financial burden financial capital
finite convergence
—
pembantu kewangan
—
beban kewangan
—
modal kewangan
financial centre
—
financial character
—
pusat kewangan ciri kewangan
financial community
—
komuniti kewangan
financial dualism
—
dualisme kewangan
—
belanja kewangan
financial expense financial institution financial intermediation financial liberalism financial limitation financial management financial plan financial policy financial problem financial ratio financial returns financial risk financial sector
—
— — — — — — — — —
financial stability financial standing financial statement financial status financial strength financial test financial viability financial year financier financing financing development financing function financing method fine gravel fine-tuning fineness of coin finished goods finishing cost finishing line finite convergence
institusi kewangan pengantaraan kewangan liberalisme kewangan pengehadan kewangan pengurusan kewangan rancangan kewangan dasar kewangan masalah kewangan nisbah kewangan pulangan kewangan risiko kewangan sektor kewangan 136
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — —
kestabilan kewangan kedudukan kewangan perryata kewangan status kewangan kekukilhan kewangan ujian kewangan kedayamajuan kewangan tahun kewangan ahli kewangan pembiayaan pembiayaan pembangunan fungsi pembiayaan kaedah pembiayaan batu kelikir halus pelarasan-halus ketulenan duit barang siap kos kemasan garis penamat penumpuan finit/ penumpuan terhingga
first-order linear difference equation
finite dimension finite dimension
—
finite Markov chain
—
finite population finite population correction factor
—
—
dimensi finit/dimensi terhingga
first degree polynominal response function
rangkaian Markov finit/ rangkaian Markov terhingga
first difference
—
bezaan pertama
first differential
—
kebezaan pertama
first entry
—
kemasukan pertama,
first in first out (FIFO)
—
masuk dulu keluar dulu
first mortgage
—
gadai janji pertama
penduduk finit/penduduk terhingga faktor pembetulan populasi finit/faktor pembetulan populasi terhingga
finite queue
—
finite spanning set
—
finite-capacity queue
—
fire insurance
—
set perentang finit/set perentang terhingga giliran kapasiti finit/giliran kapasiti terhingga insurans kebakaran
fire protection
—
perlindungan kebakaran
first order autocorrelation coefficient
-
—
giliran finit/giliran terhingga
koefisien autokorelasi taraf pertama/pekali autokorelasi taraf pertama
first passage probability
—
first passage time
—
waktu perjalanan pertama
first world
—
dunia pertama
fire station
—
rumah bomba
first-order autoregressive scheme
firm
—
firma
first-order condition
firm power
—
kuasa pasti
first call (share)
—
panggilan pertama (syer)
first-order linear difference equation 137
fungsi tindak balas polinominal darjah pertama
—
—
—
kebarangkalian perjalanan pertama/probabiliti perjalanan pertama
skim autoregresif peringkat pertama syarat taraf pertama persamaan bezaan linear peringkat pertama
first-order linear model
first-order linear ‘model fiscal fiscal agent fiscal capacity fiscal decentralization fiscal differential fiscal distortion fiscal dividend fiscal drag fiscal federalism fiscal function
fishing industry
—
— —
— — —
model linear peringkat pertama
fish and wildlife service
-
fiskal ejen fiskal kapasiti fiskal/keupayaan fiskal disentralisasi fiskal kebezaan fiskal herotan fiskal dividen fiskal heretan fiskal fahaman ‘persekutuan fiskal
fish breeding station
-
fiscal incidence
-
fungsi fiskal insidens fiskal
fiscal need
—
keperluan fiskal
—
dasar fiskal
fiscal policy fiscal policy instrument fiscal solvency fiscal stabilization fiscal year
—
— —
-
fish culture fish farming
kultur ikan penternakan ikan
fish harvest
-
penangkapan ikan
fish pond
—
kolam ikan
fish processing
—
pemprosesan ikan
fish production
-
pengeluaran ikan
fish-protein concentrate
—
Fisher’s information matrix fishery management fishery regulation fishery sector fishery technique fishing ground fishing industry 138
pusat pembiakan ikan
—
Fisher’s equation Fisher’s ideal index
alat dasar fiskal kemampuan membayar fiskal penstabilan fiskal tahun fiskal
perkhidmatan ikan dan hidupan liar
—
—
pati protein ikan persamaan Fisher
—
indeks ideal Fisher matriks maklumat Fisher
—
pengurusan perikanan
—
peraturan perikanan
—
— —
-
sektor perikanan teknik perikanan kawasan penangkapan ikan industri perikanan
fishing lièence
fishing licence fissile fuel fissionable material fitted value fitting of data fix point method fixed asset fixed capital fixed charge fixed coefficient fixed coefficient of production
flatness
-
lesen penangkapan ikan bahan bakar fisil
fixed investment fixed location factor
—
bahan boleh pisah
fixed obligation
-
nilai dipadan padanan data
fixed outlay constraint fixed output constraint
-
kaedah titik tetap
fixed price
-
aset tetap
-
modal tetap caj tetap koefisien tetap/pekali tetap
fixed reorder’ quantity system fixed state
—
—
—
—
koefisien pengeluaran tetap/pekali pengeluaran tetap kos tetap
fixed cost
—
fixed deposit
-
deposit tetap
fixed effect
—
kesan tetap
fixed exchange rate fixed factor fixed factor of production fixed input
—
-
-
pelaburan tetap faktor letakati tetap
-
Obligasi tetap
-
konstren perbelanjaan tetap
—
konstren output tetap
-
harga tetap
fixed rate
-
kadar tetap
fixed ratio
—
nisbah tetap
-
sistem kuantiti pesanan semula tetap keadaan tet~p
fixed target
-
sasaran tetap
fixed total returns
-
fixity-of-wants fixprice adjustment fixprice method flat cost flat rate flat rate tariff flatness
kadar pertukaran tetap faktor tetap faktor pengeluaran tetap input tetap 139
—
—
-
— — —
jumlah pulangan tetap ketetapan kehendak penyesuaian harga tetap kaedah harga tetap kos sama rata kadar sama rata carif kadar sama rata kedataran
flexibility
flexibility flexibility of taxation
flood warning system
— —
kebolehubahan kebolehubahan pencukaian
floating charge floating debt floating exchange rate
-
caj terapung hutang terapung kadar pertukaran terapung
—
kadar terapung
-
tumbuhan terapung
flocculation
-
pengelompokan/flokulasi
kadar pertukaran boleh ubah
flood control
-
flood control act
—
kawalan banjir akta kawalan banjir
—
kerosakan banjir
flexible
—
flexible accelerator
-
boleh ubah pencepat boleh ubah
flexible budget
—
belanjawan boleh ubah
floating rate floating vegetation
flexible cash rent
—
sewa tunai boleh ubah
flexible exchange rate
—
flexible investment
-
flexible payment
—
flexible planning
—
flexible target flight from currency
—
flight of capital float floatation floatation expense floater floating asset floating capital
—
— — — —
pelaburan boleh ubah
flood damage
bayaran boleh ubah perancangan boleh ubah
flood forecasting flood frequency-magnitude
sasaran boleh ubah pengelakan mata wang
flood hydrograph
pelarian modal lebihan masa; apungan pengapungan belanja pengapungan pengapung aset terapung modal terapung
flood level flood plain flood prevention flood probability
— —
— —
-
flood insurance
flood proofing flood warning system 140
peramalan banjir kekerapan-magnitud banjir hidrograf banjir insurans banjir
— — — —
— —
aras banjir dataran banjir cegah banjir kebarangkalian banjir/ probabiliti banjir penahan banjir sistem amaran banjir
floor price
floor price floor space flow flow analysis flow capacity flow chart flow conservation equation flow equilibrium flow of product flow of profit flow pattern flow resource flow-duration curve flow-of-fund analysis fluctuation fluid milk fluid saving fluidity of labour fluoridation fluorine
food toxicant
— —
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — -
harga lantai ruang lantai
fluorocarbon flush flood flyover fodder folded normal distribution foncier credit food additive Food and Agricultural Organization food chain food consumption food expenditure food factory food poisoning food preservation food processing food processing industry
aliran analisis aliran kapasiti aliran carta aliran persamaan pengekalan aliran keseimbangan aliran aliran keluaran aliran untung pola aliran sumber aliran keluk aliran-tempoh analisis aliran dana turun naik susu cair tabungan cair pengaliran buruh pemfluoridan fluorin
food production food retailing firm food toxicant 141
— — — — — — —
—
fluorokarbon banjir kilat jejambat foder taburan normal berlipat kredit sandar tanah bahan tambahan makanan Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian rantaian makanan
—
penggunaan makanan perbelanjaan makanan kilang makanan peracunan makanan pengawetan makanan pemprosesan makanan industri pemprosesan makanan pengeluaran makanan firma runcit makanan
—
toksikan makanan
— — — — — —
—
food wholeselling firm
food wholeselling firm foot bridge foot rail foot-path footloose commodity footloose industry forbidden zone force of mortality forced labour forced loan forced saving forecast forecast interval forecast period forecast schedule forecastable reflt forecasted algorithm forecasted error forecasted value forecasting
foreign exchange
— — — -
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
firma borong makanan titian susur kaki lorongjalan kaki barangan bebas/komoditi bebas industri bebas zon larangan kemungkinan kematian buruh paksa pinjaman paksa tabungan paksa ramalan jeda ramalan tempoh ramalan jadual ramalan sewa boleh ramal algoritma teramal ralat teramal nilai teramal peramalan
forecasting error forecasting farm output forecasting farm price forecasting model forecasting power forecasting problem foreclosure foreclosure sale foreign foreign aid foreign foreign foreign foreign foreign foreign foreign foreign foreign foreign 142
bank bill bill of exchange borrowing claims corporation currency account enclave dualism enterprise exchange
— — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — —
ralat peramalan peramalan output ladang peramalan harga ladang model peramalan kuasa peramalan masalah peramalan penutupan; perampasan jualan penutupan asing/luar negeri bantuan asing/bantuan luar negeri bank asing bil asing bil pertukaran asing peminjaman asing tuntutan asing syarikat asing akaun mata wang asing dualisme kantungan asing p~rusahaanasing pertukaran asing
foreign exchange broker
forfeiture of share
foreign exchange broker
—
foreign exchange market
—
foreign exchange rate
broker pertukaran asing
foreign trade model
—
pasaran pertukaran asing kadar pertukaran asing
foreign trade multiplier
—
foreign exchange reserve
—
rizab pertukaran asing
foreign trade policies
—
foreign income
-
foreign investment foreign lending foreign lending pattern
—
pendapatan luar negeri/ pendapatan asing pelaburan asing
—
beri pinjaman asing
-
pola berpinjaman luar
foreign loan
—
foreign market
—
pinjaman asing pasaran luar negeri
foreign remittance
—
bayaran luar negeri
foreign repercussion
—
pantulan asing
foreign saving
—
tabungan asing
foreign tax
—
cukai asing
foreign trade
-
foreign trade accelerator
—
foreseeing and guiding change forest damage forest destruction forest ecology forest land forest management forest product industry forest reserve forest service forest soil forest type forestry fcrestry resource forfeiture forfeiture of share
perdagangan asing/ perdagangan luar negeri pencepat perdagangan asing/pencepat perdagangan luar negeri 143
—
—.
— —
— — — — — —
— —
model perdagangan luar negeri pengganda perdagangan asing dasar perdagangan asing perubahan peramalan dan panduan kerosakan hutan kemusnahan hutan ekologi hutan tanah hutan pengurusan hutan industri keluaran hutan hutan simpan perkhidmatan hutan tanih hutan jenis hutan perhutanan sumber perhutanan perampasan perampasan syer
forged note forged note forgone income form (town planning) form of tender formal contract formal education formal planting formal proof formal region formal schooling formalized planning technique format formation formation of human capital formation of land price formula flexibility formulation of hypothesis formulative programme
fossil fuel energy
forward buying forward computational procedure forward creation forward exchange forward exchange contract
-
wang kertas palsu pendapatan melepas rupa bentuk (perancangan bandar) jenis tender kontrak formal pendidikan formal tanaman teratur bukti rasmi wilayah rasmi persekolahan formal teknik perancangan formal format pembentukan pembentukan modal manusia pembentukan harga tanah
—
kebolehubahan formula
fossil community
pembentukan hipotesis program formulatif
—
— — — — — —
— —
—
—
belian ke hadapan tatacara pengiraan ke hadapan penciptaan ke hadapan pertukaran ke hadapan kontrak pertukaran ke hadapan pasaran pertukaran ke hadapan kadar pertukaran ke hadapan integrasi hadapan rantaian ke hadapan pemasaran ke hadapan perancangan ke hadapan masa berulang ke hadapan penjualari ke hadapan
—
fosil
—
komuniti fosil
fossil fuel
—
bahan bakar fosil
fossil fuel energy
—
tenaga bahan bakar fosil
—
— — —
forward exchange market
—
forward exchange rate
—
forward forward forward forward forward
integration linkage marketing planning recurrence time
forward selling fossil
144
-
— — — —
fossil fuel power plant
free gold
fossil fuel power plant
—
loji kuasa bahan bakar fosil
fractional oxidation
-
pengoksidaan berperingkat
foul drain
—
salur najis
fractional precipitation
-
pemendakan berperingkat
air najis asas; tapak
fractional programming fractional reserve
geran pertubuhan/geran yayasan
fractionating process
foul water foundation foundation grant
— —
—
founders share
-
syer pengasas
four dimensional space
—
ruang empat dimensi
four-quarter moving average Fourier analysis fourth world foyer fraction of defective fractional algorithm fractional coinage fractional combustion fractional cut fractional distillation fractional filtration
-
fragmentation fragmentation of tax source frame
purata bergerak sukuan empat
franchise
analisis Fourier dunia keempat
franchise house free alongside (F.A.S.)
—
ruang legar pecahan cacatan
—
algoritma pecahan
free economy free enterprise
— —
—
— -
— -
duit curai pembakaran berperingkat
—
proses pemecahan pemecahan
—
pemecahan punca cukai
-
rangka
—
francais gedung francais percuma di sisi kapal
free capital
-
modal bebas
free competition
-
persaingan bebas
free gold 145
pemprograman pecahan rizab pecahan
—
free enterprise system free exchange rate free float
potongan pecahan penyulingan berpenngkat penurasan berperingkat
—
—
—
— — — —
ekonomi bebas perusahaan bebas sistem perusahaan bebas kadar pertukaran bebas lebihan masa bebas emas bebas
frontage
free goods free goods
—
frequency analysis
—
frequency distribution
—
frequency function
—
free market
—
barang percuma pasaran bebas
free of tax
—
bebas cukai
free on board (F.O.B.)
—
percuma ke atas kapal
free on quay (F.O.Q.)
—
percuma sampai ke dermaga
free on rail (EO.R.)
—
percuma ke atas gerabak
frequency histogram
—
—
pelabuhan bebas kawasan perdagangan bebas
frequency polygon
-
free trade zone
-
zon perdagangan bebas
free variable
-
pemboleh ubah bebas
frequency table
—
free-rider problem
—
free port free trade area
freedom of choice freehand method freehold freezer provisions freezing of water freight rate freight rate structure frequency
-
—
— — — — — -
masalah penumpang percuma
freshwater freshwater limestone
kebebasan pilihan
freshwater biology freshwater fish
kaedah tangan hak milik bebas pembekalan alat pembeku pembekuan air kadar tambang struktur kadar tambang frekuensi/kekerapan
fringe alienation scheme fringe benefit front-end loaded investment frontage 146
analisis frekuensi/ analisis kekerapan taburan frekuensi/ taburan kekerapan fungsi frekuensi/fungsi kekerapan histogram frekuensi/ histogram kekerapan poligon frekuensi/ poligon kekerapan
—
jadual frekuensi/ jadual kekerapan air tawar
—
batu kapur air tawar
—
biologi air tawar ikan air tawar
—
rancangan tanah pinggir
—
—
faedah sampingan pelaburan tekanan pangkal
-
buka depan
-
frontier economy
fund flow
frontier economy
—
ekonomi sempadan
frontier zone
—
zon sempadan
full information maximum likelihood (FIML)
—
aset beku
full liability rule full optimum full taxation full-cost pricing
frozen asset frozen food provisioner fruit processing
—
pembekal makanan beku pemprosesan buah
fuel
—
bahan api/bahan bakar
fuel cell
—
—
sel bahan bakar
fuel combustion
—
pembakaran bahan bakar
fuel crisis
—
krisis bahan bakar
fuel cycle
-
kitaran bahaü bakar
fuel element
—
unsur bahan bakar
fuel gas fuel oil fuel reprocessing fuel saving fuel tank full employment full equilibrium full information
—
gas bahan bakar minyak pembakar pemprosesan semula bahan bakar penjimatan bahan bakar tangki minyak guna tenaga penuh keseimbangan penuh
—
makiumat penuh
— — —
— —
fully regulated forest fully-paid share fumaric acid functional equation functional evaluation method functional grant functional income distribution functional notation functional region functional relation functionally dependent fund fund flow 147
—
—
— — —
— — — — —
— —
— — — — — —
kebolehjadian maksimum maklumat lengkap peratural liabiliti penuh optimum penuh pencukaian penuh penentuan harga kos penuh hutan terkawal sepenuhnya syer bayar penuh asid.fumarik persamaan fungsian kaedah penilaian fungsian geran fungsian agihan pendapatan fungsian tatatanda fungsian wilayah berfungsi perhubungan fungsian persandaran fungsian dana aliran dana
fund resource
fund resource fundamental fundamental disequilibrium fundamental equilibrium funded debt funding fungicide furnace furrow fusion point future ~ssessment future consumption future delivery contract
fuzzy set model
— — -
— — — —
— — —
sumber dana asas ketakseimbangan asas
future development future discovery future fishery future generation future planning future production estimate
keseimbangan asas hutang berdana pendanaan racun kulat relau alur takat lakuran taksiran masa depan penggunaan masa depan kontrak serahan masa depan
future struggle futures futures contract futures market futures speculation futures trading fuzzy set model
148
— — —
— — — — -
pembangunan masa depan penemuan masa depan penkanan masa depan generasi masa depan perancangan masa depan anggaran pengeluaran masa depan pergelutan masa depan niagaan ke depan kontrak ke depan pasaran ke depan spekulasi ke depan perdagangan ke depan model set kabur
gas turbine
gaas
G gain
laba
gains from trade
laba danpada perdagangan
gambling system game commission game farm game management game matrix game refugee game theory gamma distribution gamma radiation gap gap model gap town garbage garbage collection garbage disposal
—
—
— —
— -
— — — — —
—
— -
garbage disposal unit garden city
—
unit pembuangan sampah taman bandar raya
-
taman kota
gas cooled nuclear reactor
—
reaktor nuklear sejukan gas
gas diffusion
—
garden town
sistem perjudian suruhanjaya mergastua
gas diffusion plant gas field
kawasan mergastua pengurusan mergastua matriks permainan tempat perlindungan mergastua teori permainan taburan gamá sinaran gama jurang model jurang pekan kancing; pekan genting sampah
149
-
resapan gas loji pembauran gas
—
kawasan telaga gas
gas flaring
—
pembakaran gas
gas generator
-
penjana gas
gas industry
—
industri gas
gas injection gas marketing gas output gas price policy gas pricing gas production plant gas sale gas strike gas supply gas turbine
pemungutan sampah pembuangan sampah
—
—
— — — — —
penyuntikan gas pemasaran gas output gas dasar harga gas penentuan harga gas loji pengeluaran gas jualan gas penemuan gas penawaran gas turbin gas
general linear hypothesis
gas well
gas well gas-based chemical industry gas-based industry
—
perigi gas industri kimia berasaskan gas industri berasaskan gas
gas-bearing region
-
wilayah mengandungi gas
gazetted area general
gas-consuming industry
—
industri mengguna gas
general agreement
gas-gathering system
—
sistem pengumpulan gas
gas-oil ratio
—
nisbah gas-minyak
General Agreement on Trade and Tariff (GAiT)
gas-prone portion
—
bahagian mudah dapat gas
gaseous element gaseous fuel
—
unsur bergas bahan bakar bergas
gaseous transfer
—
gaseous waste
—
gasification of coal gasoline gasoline production gasoline refinery gasoline tax Gauss-Markov theorem Gaussian curve
— —
—
— — — — —
gaussian distribution
—
Gaussian elimination
—
gazette
—
penyingkiran Gauss warta
—
kawasan terwarta
genoral amenity general contractor
taburan Gauss
—
am/umum
—
persetujuan umum
—
—
Persetujuan Am Perdagangan dan Tarif (PAPT) ameniti umum
general development order
—
kontraktor am perintah pembangunan am
pemindahan bergas
general direct smoothing
—
pelicinan langsung umum
buangan bergas
general equilibrium
penggasan arang batu gasolin pengeluaran gasolin loji penapisan gasolin cukai minyak teorem Gauss-Markov keluk Gauss
general equilibrium analysis general fertility rate general general general general 150
fund grant law linear hypothesis
—
keseimbangan umum —
—
— — — —
analisis keseimbangan umum kadar kesuburan umum dana am geran umum undang-undang am hipotesis linear am
general locational equilibrium
general locational equilibrium general market equilibrium general Markov process general mean general Mining Act general multiplicative seasonal model general office general plan general planning order general price index general price level general report general reserve general revenue general revenue sharing general solution general stabilization general standard model
—
—
—
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — -
geographic dispersion of economic activity
keseimbangan letakan umum keseimbangan pasaran umum
general strike general theory of second best general welfare clause general-function model
proses Markov am mm am Akta Perlombongan am model bermusim berdaraban am pejabat am pelan umum; rancangan am perintah perancangan am indeks harga umum tingkat harga umum laporan am rizab am hasil umum perkongsian hasil umum penyelesaian umum penstabilan umum model piawai am
generalization generalized least squares generalized least squares method Generalized Scheme of Preference generation overlap generation skipping genetic diversity genetic effect of radiation geochemical census geographic composition of export geographic cycle geographic dispersion of economic activity 151
—
mogok umum’
teori
terbaik kedua umum
—
fasal kebajikan umum
—
model fungsi umum
— —
—
penyeluruhan ganda dua terkecil teram •kaedah ganda dua terkecil teram
—
Skim Keutamaan Teram
—
tindihan generasi
— — — — -
— -
lompatan generasi kepelbagaian genetik kesan sinaran pada genetik banci geokimia komposisi eksport geografi kitaran geografi penyebaran aktiviti ekonomi ikut geografi
geographic distribution of population
geographic distribution of population geographic dualism geographic effect geographic position geographical geographical mobility geographical non uniformity geographical region geographical spillover geography geography of mineral production geography of resource geological age geological era geological formation geological investigation geological map geological perspective
-
—
taburan geografi penduduk
kedudukan geografi cara geografi
-
mobiliti geografi
-
ketakseragaman geografi
— -
— — — — —
geological risk geological survey geological uncertainty
dualisme geografi kesan geografi
—
-
geyser
geological-geophysical survey geology geometric curve geometric interpretation
wilayah geografi limpahan geografi geografi geografi pengeluaran galian
-
—
—
risiko geologi kaji selidik geologi ketakpastian geologi kaji selidikgeologi geofizik geologi keluk geometri pentafsiran geometri
geometric lag model
-
model lat geometri
geometric mean
—
mm
—
-
geometri
indeks daya pengeluaran geometri
geometric programming
—
pemprogramán geometri
geomorphologic agent
—
agen geomorfologi
—
tenaga geoterma
geothermal energy geothermal flux geothermal power geothermal-electric power plant geyser 152
—
—
geometric productivity index
geografi sumber zaman geologi era geologi pembentukan geologi penyelidikan geologi peta geologi perspektif geologi
—
—
fluks geoterma kuasa geoterma
—
loji kuasa elektrik geoterma
—
pancutan air panas
—
Ghetto economic development
Ghetto economic development Giffen goods Giffen’s paradox gift of nature
pembangunan ekonomi Ghetto
go-slow policy
—
dasar melambat-lambat
goal
—
matlamat
—
barang Giffen
goal equilibrium
-
-
paradoks Giffen
goal programming
-
—
anugerah alam
godown going concern
—
-
keseimbangan maflamat pemprograman matlamat gudang usaha berterusan
gift tax
—
gilt-edged bond
-
cukai pemberian bon kukuh
going-concern assumption
—
andaian usaha berterusan
Gini coefficient
—
koefisien gini/pekali Gini
gold bar
—
jongkong emas
ginning factory
—
kilang busar kapas
gold block
-
blok emas
—
kaedah tahun tertentu
gold bullion
-
jongkong emas
gold gold gold gold gold gold gold gold gold gold
given year method glaciated valley
-.
gold pool
glacier table
—
lurah glasier dataran glasier
glass house
—
rumah kaca
global effect of discharge global effect of pollution global environmental problem global optimum global planning glut
—
—
—
—
—
kesan pembuangan sejagat kesan pencemaran sejagat masalah persekitaran sejagat optimum sejagat perancangan menyeluruh jebak 153
bullion standard coin exchange standard export point import point market mechanism movement point pool
—
— — — — — —
piawai jongkong emas syiling emas piawai pertukaran emas takat eksport emas takat import emas pasaran emas mekanisme emas pergerakan emas takat emas tabungan bersama emas
government revenue
gold reserve
gold reserve gold standard gold tranche golden age
—
rizab emas piawai emas
—
transye emas
—
zaman keemasan
—
golden property
—
sifat keemasan
golden proportion
—
perkadaran keemasan
golden rule goldsmith Gompertz curve
—
tukang emas keluk Gompertz
good faith
—
suci hati
good payment
—
bayaran sah
goodness of fit
—
ketepatan padanan
goodness of fit measuremen t goodness-of-fit test goods goodwill government annuity government bond government borrowing
—
— — — —
government corporation government debt government decision government deficit expenditure
peraturan keemasan
—
—
government borrowing rate government broker
government expenditure government gazette government intervention effect government investment government lending government loan government oil revenue government ownership government policy government power government reserve government revenue
pengukuran ketepatan padanan ujian ketepatan padanan barang muhibah anuiti kerajaan bon kerajaan peminjaman kerajaan 154
—
kadar peminjaman kerajaan
—
broker kerajaan
—
perbadanan kerajaan
-
hutang kerajaan
—
keputusan kerajaan
—
— — —
— —
— — — — — —
perbelanjaan defisit kerajaan perbelanjaan kerajaan warta kerajaan kesan campur tangan kerajaan pelaburan kerajaan ben pinjaman kerajaan pinjaman kerajaan hasil minyak kerajaan pemilikan kerajaan dasar kerajaan kuasa kerajaan rizab kerajaan hasil kerajaan
government saving
government saving
graph paper
—
tabungan kerajaan
government sector
—
sektor kerajaan
government security
—
sekuriti kerajaan
government spending
—
pembelanjaan kerajaan
government subsidy government surplus expenditure
— —
—
juruukur kerajaan
government waste
—
pembaziran kerajaan
governmental authority
—
autoriti kerajaan
governmental interference
—
campur tangan kerajaan
-
unit kerajaan
grade grade separation grade specification graded grades quality grading grading and scaling
— —
— — -
graduated ruler graduated scale grain grain elevator grain standardization grain storage grain utility frontier
subsidi kerajaan perbelanjaan lebihan kerajaan
government surveyor
governmental unit grace period
graduated graduated personal tax
granite granitic soil grant grant in fee simple
tempoh tangguh gred pemisahan gred spesifikasi gred diperingkat; digred mutu gred penggredan penggredan dan penskalaan
-
— —
— -
grant of cross-easement
—
grant programme
-
grant-in-aid graph graph paper 155
—
— — -
bersenggat cukai perseorángan hersenggat pembaris bersenggat skel bersenggat bgirin salur angkut bijirin pempiawaian bgirin penyimpanan b~jirin sempadan utiliti tertinggi granit tanih granit geran; bantuan geran fi mudah geran perolehan hak berbalas program geran geran bantuan graf kertas graf
graphical method
grit
graphical method
-
kaedah graf
grazing model
-
model ragut
graphical representation
-
pernyataan graf
grazing system
—
sistem ragut
graphical solution
—
penyelesaian graf
grassland
-
padang rumput
great depression greatest common divisor
-
ekologi padang rumput
—
ganjaran
grassland ecology gratuity
-
kemelesetan besar pembahagi sepunya terbesar
greatest lower bound
-
batas bawah terbesar
green belt
—
kawasan hijau
-
grave yard gravel
perkuburan kelikir
green belt effect
—
kesan l~awasanhjjau
—
green house
-
rumah tanaman
gravel pit
—
batu kelikir
green revolution
—
revolusi hijau
penggravitian analisis graviti aliran graviti
green space green timber green zone greenery grid linearization grid plan grid reference grid-iron pattern grid-iron town grinding of sewage grit
gravitation gravitational analysis gravitation flow gravitational segregation gravity gravity differential gravity model gravity-type model gray market grazing grazing land
-
— —
— — — — -
pemisahan graviti graviti perbezaan graviti model graviti model jenis graviti pasaran suram ragut padang ragut 156
— — — —
ruang hijau kayu lembap zon hijau tumbuh-tumbuhan hijau penglinearan grid pelan grid rujukan grid pola kekisi bandar corak kekisi pengisaran kumbahan kerisik
gross
gross gross barter terms of trade
group interval
— —
gross domestic expenditure
—
gross domestic fixed capital
—
gross domestic investment
—
gross domestic product gross fixed investment gross growth efficiency gross income gross interest gross investment gross margin gross material product gross national expenditure gross national product gross national saving gross output
-
— — — — — — —
kasar kadar syarat perdagangan barter kasar
gross premium gross product gross profit
perbelanjaan dalam negeri kasar
gross gross gross gross gross
modal tetap dalam negeri pelaburan dalam negeri kasar keluaran dalam negeri kasar pelaburan tetap kasar kecekapan pertumbuhan kasar
profit ratio ratio receipt tax regression rent multiplier
gross reproduction rate gross residential density gross sum gross value gross weight
pendapatan kasar bunga kasar pelaburan kasar margin kasar keluaran bahan kasar perbelanjaan negara kasar keluaran negara kasar tabungan negara kasar output kasar
— — — — - -
premium kasar keluaran kasar untung kasar nisbah untung kasar nisbah kasar cukai penerimaan kasar regresi kasar pengganda sewa kasar
-
kadar pembiakan kasar kepadatan kediaman kasar
-
hasil tambah kasar
-
-
nilai kasar berat kasar
gross yield
-
hasil kasar
ground rent
—
sewa tanah/sewa tapak
groundwater groundwater recharge groundwater reservoir group equilibrium group interval 157
-
-
-
air tanah pemulihan air tanah
—
takungan air tanah
-
—
keseimbangan kumpulan jeda kumpulan
group minority
guest house
group minority
—
group reference
—
group replacement group settlement scheme group system
— -
golongan minoriti rujukan kelompok
growth factor
—
growth instability
—
penggantian kelompok skim penempatan kelompok
growth model
-
growth option growth pattern
—
faktor pertumbuhan ketakstabilan pertumbuhan model pertumbuhan opsyen pertumbuhan
group task
—
sistem kelompok; sistem kumpulan tugas kumpulan
growth pole theory
—
teori pusat pertumbuhan
grouped data
-
data terkumpul
growth potential
—
potensi pertumbuhan
grouping error
—
ralat pengumpulan
growth rate
—
kadar pertumbuhan
growth
—
pertumbuhan
growth ring
—
lapisan pertumbuhan
growth abundance ratio
-
nisbah kelimpahan pertumbuhan
growth theory
—
teori pertumbuhan
growth accounting
—
growth centre
—
growth coefficient
—
growth cycle
—
koefisien pertumbuhan/ pekali pertumbuhan kitaran pertumbuhan
growth determinant
—
penentu pertumbuhan
growth equation
—
persamaan pertumbuhan
guaranteed minimum price scheme guaranteed price guarantor
growth equilibrium
—
keseimbangan pertumbuhan
guest house
—
growth point
-
pola pertumbuhan titik pertumbuhan
growth without development
perakaunan pertumbuhan pusat pertumbuhan
158
-
—
growth zone
—
guarantee
— —
— —
pertumbuhan tanpa pembangunan zon pertumbuhan jaminan skim harga minimum terjamin harga terjamin penjamin rumah tamu
gypswn product industry
guaranteed wage guaranteed wage gypsum product industry
— —
upah terjamin industri keluaran gipsum
159
H-test
Harrod-Domar equation
H H-test habitant habitat restoration habitation hail insurance half angle formula half open interval half space half-normal growth curve hamlet handicraft centre haphazard haphazard development harbour hard core poor
hardware — — — — — — —
— — * — —
hard currency
—
hard money
—
hard water
—
ujianH penduduk pemulihan habitat pendudukan insurans hujan batu formula separuh sudut jeda separuh terbuka ruang setengah keluk pertumbuhan separuh normal perkampungan desa pusat pertukangan tangan tak teratur; kelam-kabut pembangunan tak teratur pe~abuhan fakir
hardware shop
— —
kedai perkakasan berharmoni
harmonic frequency harmonic mean
—
kekerapan berharmoni
—
mm
harmonic motion
—
gerakan berharmoni
harmonic progression
—
janjang berharmoni
harmonic proportion
—
perkadaran berharmoni
harmomic range
—
julat berharmoni
harmonic ratio
—
harmonization
—
nisbah berharmoni pengharmonian
harmonization of tax
—
pengharmonian cukai
harmony doctrine Harrod neutral technical progress Harrod neutral technological change Harrod-Domar equation
mata wang utama
160
perkakasan
harmonic
harmonized growth harmonism
wang utama air hat
—
—
— — —
—
—
berharmoni
pertumbuhan terhai-moni fahaman harmoni doktrin harmoni kemajuan teknik berkecuahi Harrod perubahan teknologi berkecuali Harrod persamaan Harrod-Domar
Harrod-Domar growth model Harrod-Domar growth model Harrod-Domar model harvesting harvesting practice hawker hay hazard function hazard rate hazardous substance hazardous waste haze head tax health centre health expenditure health hazard health insurance heaping of age report hearing loss heat absorber heat absorption
—
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
height control
model pertumbuhan Harrod-Domar model Harrod-Domar penuaian
heat capacity heat discharge heat energy heat engine heat flow heat loss heat of combustion
amalan penuaian penjaja rumput kering fungsi bahaya kadar bahaya bahan berbahaya sisa berbahaya kabus cukai kepala pusat kesihatan perbelanjaan kesihatan bahaya kesihatan insurans kesihatan pemupukan laporan umur kehilangan pendengaran penyerap haba penyerapan haba
heat of melting heat of vaporization heat production heat pump heat ray heavy crude oil heavy fraction heavy industry heavy metal heavy water reactor heavy-oil heavy-oil sand hedging height control 161
-
* — — — — —
— — * — — —
kapasiti haba buangan haba tenaga haba enjin haba ahiran haba kehilangan haba haba pembakaran haba peleburan haba penyejatan pengeluaran haba pam haba sinar haba minyak mentah berat pecahan berat industri berat logam berat reaktor air berat minyak berat pasir minyak berat perlindungan nilai kawalan tinggi
herbicide
herbicide hereditary property hermitian Hessian determinant Hessian matrix heterogeneity heterogeneous heteroscedastic data heteroscedastic disturbance heteroscedasticity heterosphere heuristic programming heuristic technique hexagonal shape Hicks production function hidden inflation hidden price in&ease hidden reserve hidden tax hidden unemployment
high-powered money
— — — — — — — — -
— — — — — — — — — —
racun herba sifat keturunan hermitian penentu Hesse matriks Hesse keheterogenan heterogen data heteroskedastik gangguan heteroskedastik
hide hierarchical decision diagram hierarchical integration hierarchical interaction hierarchical pyramid hierarchy hierarchy of settlement high density development high gearing high income group high rise development
heteroskedastisiti heterosfera pemprograman heuristik teknik heuristik bentuk segi enam fungsi pengeluaran Hicks inflasi tersembunyi kenaikan harga tersembunyi rizab tersembunyi cukai tersembunyi pengangguran tersembunyi
high sea high tide high tide mark high water mark high-cost firm high-density high-density structure high-powered money 162
—
—
— — — — —
— — —
— — — -
sembunyi; belulang gambar rajah keputusan berhierarki integrasi berhierarki sahing tindakan berhierarki piramid berhierarki hierarki hierarki penempatan pembangunan padat tinggi penggearan tinggi golongan berpendapatan tinggi pembangunan bangunan tinggi laut lepas air pasang tikas air pasang tikas air tinggi firma kos tinggi kepadatan tinggi struktur kepadatan tinggi wang berkuasa tinggi
higher approximation
higher approximation higher degree equation higher derivative higher order higher order autoregressive scheme higher order correction highest common factor highland highlighting highway highway authority highway finance highway planning highway trust fund hill forest hill pattern hill station hillock
history of response analysis
— —
— — —
-
— — — — — — — *
penghampiran lebih tinggi persamaan darjah lebih tinggi terbitan lebih tinggi peringkat lebih tinggi skim autoregresif taraf tinggi pembetulan peringkat lebih tinggi faktor sepunya tertinggi tanah tinggi penegasan lebuh raya autoriti lebuh raya pembiayaan lebuh raya perancangan lebuh raya dana amanah lebuh raya hutan bukit
hinterland
—
pedalaman
hire purchase
—
sewa beli
hired labour
—
buruh upahan
hired wage Hirschman compliance index histogram
histogram
historic building
—
bangunan bersejarah
historic cost
—
kos bersejarah
historic site
—
kawasan bersejarah
historical accounting
—
perakaunan sejarah
historical cost historical method
—
kos sejarah kaedah sejarah
historical perspective
—
perspektif sejarah
—
mazhab ekonomi sejarah
historical school of economics
—
history of budget history of economic thought
—
anak bukit
history of response analysis
—
163
gaji upahan indeks pematuhan Hirschman
-
rupa bentuk bukit stesen bukit
-
—
—
—
sejarah belanjawan sejarah pemikiran ekonomi
—
sejarah anahisis gerak balas
—
hoard
hoard hoarding hog hog-corn price ratio
horizontal amalgamation
-
sorok
homogeneity
—
kehomogenan
—
penyorokan
homogeneity postulate
—
dalil kehomogenan
-
babi
homogeneous
—
homogen
homogeneous commodity
—
-
nisbah harga babi-jagung
holding company
-
syarikat pemegangan
holding cost
—
kos pemegangan
holding period holiday resort holistic model home business home economics home industry home ownership home produced goods home range homeostatic control homestead exemption homestead rights homo economicus
—
—
tempoh pemegangan tempat peranginan masa cud model hohistik
-
perniagaan di rumah
—
ekonomi rumah tangga
—
industri di rumah
— —
— — — —
homogeneous equation homogeneous equation system homogeneous factor homogeneous function homogeneous Markov chain homogeneous production function homogeneous server homoscedasticity homosphere homotheticity of production function horizontal horizontal amalgamation
pemilikan rumah barang keluaran di rumah kawasan kediaman kawalan homeostatik pengecualian rumah tani hak rumah tani orang ekonomi 164
barangan homogen/ komoditi homogen
—
persamaan homogen
—
sistem persamaan homogen
—
faktor homogen fungsi homogen
-
rantai Markov homogen
—
—
— — — —
—
fungsi pengeluaran homogen pelayan homogen homoskedastisiti homosfera kehomotetikan fungsi pengeluaran mendatar; mengufuk gabungan mendatar
housing density
horizontal area horizontal area
—
kawasan mendatar
horizontal axis
—
paksi mendatar
horizontal combination horizontal division
house-keeping money household household account
—
wang belanja rumah isi rumah
—
akaun isi rumah
-
—
kombinasi mendatar bahagian mendatar
horizontal expansion
—
perkembangan mendatar
household agglomeration economics
horizontal fragmentation
pemecahan mendatar
household census
—
—
horizontal integration
integrasi mendatar
household classification
—
—
—
—
horizontal mobility
-
mobiliti mendatar
household composition
horizontal specialization
—
pengkhususan mendatar
household consumption household effect
hospital insurance hot money hot spring hothouse industry house improvement house industry house lot house pattern house purchase house to house survey
-
perbelanjaan isi rumah
—
pembentukan isi rumah
mata air panas
household formation
industri rumah haba pembaikan rumah industri di rumah lot rumah rupa bentuk rumah pembelian rumah kaji sehidik rumah ke rumah
household goods household saving household size household survey housing
— — — — —
housing census housing demand housing density 165
pengelasan isi rumah komposisi isi rumah
household expenditure
—
—
banci isi rumah
penggunaan isi rumah kesan isi rumah
insurans hospital wang hangat
-
ekonomi tumpuan isi rumah
-
—
-
-
-
— — — — —
— — -
barang isi rumah tabungan isi rumah saiz isi rumah kaji sehidik isi rumah perumahan banci perumahan permintaan perumahan kepadatan perumahan
housing estate
hybrid feed grain
—
kawasan perumahan
—
ramalan perumahan
housing land
—
tanah perumahan
housing lot
—
lot perumahan
housing need
-
kepe.rluan perumahan
housing project
—
projek perumahan
housing requirement
—
keperluan perumahan
housing scheme
—
skim perumahan
housing society
—
syarikat perumahan
—
statistik perumahan
housing estate housing forecast
housing statistics housing stock housing subsidy housing survey housing unit human adaptation human capital human capital appreciation human ecology human ecosystem
—
— — — — —
— —
human factor planning human fertility human fertility reduction human human human human human human
stok perumahan subsidi perumahan
relation resource rights safety settlement settlement analysis
human wants humanist humanity
kaji selidik perumahan unit perumahan penyesuaian manusia modal manusia naik nilai modal manusia
—
— — — — — —
—
ahhi kemanusiaan kemanusiaan
humus loss
-
kehilangan humus
hurricane
—
taufan
hybrid engine hybrid feed grain 166
—
perancangan faktor manusia kadar kesuburan manusia pengurangan kesuburan manusia perhubungan manusia sumber manusia hak manusia keselamatan manusia penempatan manusia analisis penempatan manusia kehendak manusia
—
hybrid hybrid activity
ekologi manusia ekosistem manusia
—
—
— — — —
kacukan aktiviti kacukan enjin kacukan makanan bijirin kacukan
hypothetical market
hybrid fish
hybrid fish hybrid model hydrate hydraulic hydraulic action hydraulic discharge hydraulic mining hydro energy hydro-powerplant hydro-power potential hydrocarbon hydrocarbon conservation hydrocarbon energy resource hydrocarbon resource hydrocarbon source hydroelectric power hydrologic cycle hydroskimming process hydroskimming refinery
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
— — —
hyper market hyper—exponential distribution hyperbaric chamber
ikan kacukan model kacukan hidrat hidraulik tindakan hidrauhik buangan hidrauhik perlombongan hidraulik tenaga hidro loji kuasa hidro potensi kuasa hidro hidrokarbon pengekalan hidrokarbon sumber tenaga hidrokarbon
hyperbola hyperbolic conic section hyperbolic cooling tower hyperbolic programming hypergeometric function hyperinflation hyperplane hyperspace hypersphere hyperspherical normal distribution hypersurface
sumber hidrokarbon punca hidrokarbon kuasa hidroelektrik kitaran hidrologi
hypolimnion lake hypothesis
proses hidropenyesuaian loji penapis hidropenyesuaian 167
-
pasar raya besar taburan hipereksponen
—
kebuk hiperbarik
*
— — —
— — — — — — —
— —
hiperbola keratan kon hiperbola menara pendingin hiperbola pemprograman hiperbola fungsi hipergeometrik inflasi melampau hipersatah hiperruang hipersfera taburan normal hipersfera hiperpermukaan tasik hipolimnion
—
hipotesis
hypothesis testing
—
pengujian hipotesis
hypothetical market
—
pasaran hipotetik
hypothetical model
hypothetical model hypothetical population
hypothetical syllogism
-
model hipotetik penduduk hipotetik/ populasi hipotetik
hypothetical question hypothetical syllogism
168
— —
soalan hipotetik silogisme hipotetik
ideal city
immediate action
I ideal city ideal index ideal output ideal point model ideal tax system idempotent law idempotent matrix identically distributed identically equal identification identification mark identification problem identifying restriction identity identity function identity matrix identity test idle capacity idle land
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— *
idle money idle period idle probability
bandar raya unggul indeks unggul output unggul model titik unggul sistem cukai ideal hukum idempoten matriks idempoten tertabur serupa sama serupa pengenalpastian tanda pengenalpastian masalah pengenalpastian pembatasan mengenah pasti identiti fungsi identiti matriks identiti ujian identiti
idle time if and only if igneous rock ignorance illegal drug illuminating gas illusion image imaginary axis imaginary number imaginary part imaginary root imaginative value imbalance imbalance effect immanent empiricism immediate action
kapasiti terbiar tanah terbiar 169
wang terbiar tempoh terbiar — probabiliti terbiar/ kebarangkahian terbiar — masa terbiar — jika dan hanyajika — batu igneus — kejahilan — dadah gelap — gas pencahayaan — salah amatan -imej paksi khayalan nombor khayalan bahagian khayalan — punca khayalan nilai gubah fikiran — tak seimbang — kesan tak seimbang empirisme kekal — tindakan serta-merta — -
immediate annuity
immediate annuity immediate environment immediate predecessor immediate settlement immigrants immigration immigration zone immobility immobility of land impact Impact multiplier imperative planning imperative value imperfect capital market
import demand
— — — — — — —
— — —
— — -
imperfect competition
-
imperfect labour market
—
imperfect market imperfect stability
anuiti serta-merta persekitaran berhampiran pendulu terdekat penempatan serta-merta pendatang imigrasi zon imigrasi tak mobiliti
imperfectly competitive market imperialism impermeable rock
tak mobiliti tanah kesan; dampak pengganda kesan; pengganda dampak perancangan mendesak nilai kemestian pasaran modal tak sempurna
—
impervious rock
—
batu tak telap air
implementation
—
pelaksanaan
implicit
—
tersirat
implicit cost
—
kos tersirat
implicit differentiation
—
pembezaan tersirat
—
perhitungan tersirat
—
kadar pertukaran tersirat
—
implicit function
—
implicit price deflator
—
implicit rent implicit tax rate
—
pasaran buruh tak sempurna pasaran tak sempurna
implicit wage implicit-function rule import import broker
—
kestabilan tak sempurna
import demand 170
pasaran persaingan tak sempurna imperialisme batu tak selap air
implicit enumeration implicit exchange rate
persaingan tak sempurna
—
— —
— — —
— -
fungsi tersirat pendeflasi harga tersirat sewa tersirat kadar cukai tersirat upah tersirat peraturan fungsi tersirat import broker import permintaan import
import duty
import duty import function import licence import multiplier import quota import rate import restriction import substitution import surcharge import-export imported raw material impossibility theorem impossible event impounding reservoir impoundment Impoundment Act imprest fund imprest system improper subdivision improvement routine improvement scheme
incentive goods
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
duti import fungsi import lesen import pengganda import kuota import kadar import sekatan import penggantian import surcaj import import-eksport barang mentah import teorem kemustahilan peristiwa mustahil kolam takungan pemihikan Akta Pemilikan dana panjar sistem panjar pecahan tak sempurna rutin pembaikan skim pembaikan
imputation imputation theory imputed cost imputed price imputed rent imputed value in commission in situ resource in-kind transfer payment inactive constraint inactive money inadmissible procedure inalienable land inappropriate technology incentive incentive bonus
171
— — — — — — —
— -
— -
incentive effect
—
incentive goods
—
taksiran teori taksiran kos tertaksir harga tertaksir sewa tertaksir nilai tertaksir dalam tugas sumber in situ bayaran pindahan benar konstren tak aktif/ kekangan tak aktif wang tak aktif tatacara tak boleh terima tanah tak boleh diberi mihik teknologi tak sesuai insentif/galakan bonus insentif/bonus galakan kesan insentif/kesan galakan barang insentif/barang galakan
incentive payment
incentive payment
income elasticity method
—
incentive pricing
—
incentive programme
—
incentive system
—
incentive wage system incentive zoning incidence incidence matrix incidence of taxation incidental parameter incidental use incineration incineration of waste incipiency included angle incombustible
—
—
— —
— — — — — — —
bayaran insentif/bayaran galakan
income income adjustment mechanism
penentuan harga insentif/ penentuan harga galakan
income averaging
program insentif/program galakan
income capitalization income change
-
—
pendapatan mekanisme pelarasan pendapatan
-
pendapatan kepurataan
-
pemodalan pendapatan
—
perubahan pendapatan
income class
-
kelas pendapatan
income concept
-
konsep pendapatan
income deferral
-
penundaan pendapatan
pengezonan berinsentif
income destabilization
-
pentakstabilan pendapatan
insidens matriks insidens
income determination
—
penentuan pendapatan
income differential
—
insidens pencukaian parameter kebetulan kegunaan kebetulan penunuan penunuan buangan baru muncul sudut kandung tak boleh bakar
income discounting
—
kebezaan pendapatan pendiskaunan pendapatan
income distribution
-
agihan pendapatan
sistem insentif/sistem galakan sistem upah insentif/ sistem upah galakan
income distribution pattern income effect
112
—
pola pengagihan pendapatan kesan pendapatan
income elasticity
—
keanjalan pendapatan
income elasticity method
—
—
kaedah keanjalan pendapatan
income elasticity of consumption
income elasticity of consumption income elasticity of demand
—
—
income elasticity of import
—
income equality
—
income expenditure approach income generation income inequality income inflation income instability income line income maintenance income maintenance plan income per head income policy income redistribution
—
—
keanjalan penggunaan pendapatan keanjalan permintaan pendapatan
pendekatan pendapatan perbelanjaan penjanaan pendapatan
-
—
ketakstabilan pendapatan
— —
— — -
income splitting
—
income stabilization theory
—
income stability income statement
keanjalan import pendapatan kesamaan pendapatan
ketaksamaan pendapatan inflasi pendapatan
—
incompatible use
garisan pendapatan penyelenggaraan pendapatan rancangan penyelenggaraan pendapatan pendapatan per orang dasar pendapatan pengagihan semula pendapatan 173
pemecahan pendapatan teori penstabilan pendapatan
-
kestabilan pendapatan penyata pendapatan
income stream
-
aliran pendapatan
income tax
-
cukai pendapatan
income tax deduction
-
potongan cukai pendapatan
income tax rate
-
kadar cukai pendapatan
income terms of trade
-
income variability
—
income velocity of money income-consumption curve income-consumption relationship. incompatible incompatible mineral incompatible use
-
— —
-
— — —
kadar syarat perdagangan pendapatan kebolehubahan pendapatan halaju wang pendapatan keluk pendapatan penggunaan perhubungan pendapatanpenggunaan tak sesuai galian tak sesuai kegunaan tak sesuai/ mineral tak sesuai
incomplete beta function
incomplete beta function incomplete gamma function inconsistent
independently identical distributed random variable
—
fungsi beta tak lengkap fungsi gama tak lengkap
—
tak tekal
—
inconvertible note
—
incorporated body
-
incorporated business
—
incorporation
—
increasing cost increasing returns increasing returns to scale increasing scarcity increasing-cost industry incremental capital-output ratio incremental cost incremental coverage incremental nature of budgeting indemnity
— — —
— -
— —
-
indemnity bond independence axiom independence spanning set independent distribution
wang kertas tak boleh tukar pertubuhan diperbadankan
independent event
perniagaan diperbadankan perbadanan
independent experiment independent float
kos bertambahan pulangan bertambahan pulangan bertambahan mengikut skel
independent goods independent increment process independent response process
kekurangan bertambahan industri kos bertambahan nisbah tambahan modaloutput kos tambahan liputan tambahan keadaan pembejanjawanan tambahan ganti rugi
independent sample independent trial independent variable independent wholesaler independently identical distributed random variable 174
— — -
bon ganti rugi aksiom bebas set perentangan bebas
-
taburan tak bersandar
-~
peristiwa tak bersandar
—
uji kaji tak bersandar
—
masa lebih tak bersandar
-
barang tak berkait
—
-
—
— -
— -
proses tambahan tak bersandar proses gerak balas tak bersandar sampel bebas percubaan bebas pemboleh ubah tak bersandar pemborong bebas pemboleh ubah rambang tertabur serupa tak bersandar
independently identically distributed
independently identically distributed indestructible indeterminacy indeterminacy of equilibrium index index map index notation index number index plan index series index time series indexation indexer indicative planning indicator indicator function indicator movement indicator of an event indifference
-
— —
— — — — —
taburan seiras bebas tak boleh musnah ketaktentuan ketaktentuan keseimbangan
—
—
puas sama
— — — —
indifference analysis
—
analisis puas sama
indifference class
—
kelas puas sama
indifference concept indifference curve
indeks peta indeks tatatanda indeks nombor indeks pelan indeks siri indeks siri masa indeks pengindeksan pengindeks perancangan berarah penunjuk fungsi penunjuk pergerakan penunjuk penunjuk peristiwa
—
indirect jflumin2tjon
—
konsep puas sama keluk puas sama
indifference curve analysis
—
analisis keluk puas sama
indifference map
—
peta puas sama
indifference set
—
set puas sama
indigenous
-
bumiputera
indigenous middle class
-
kelas menengah bumiputera
indirect benefit
-
faedah tak langsung
indirect competition indirect cost
—
indirect costing
—
indirect cycle reactor
-
indirect indirect indirect indirect 175
—
discharge evaporation expense illumination
— -
persaingan tak langsung kos tak langsung penentuan kos tak langsung/pengekosan tak langsung reaktor kitaran tak langsung buangan tak langsung penyejatan tak langsung belanja tak langsung pencahayaan tak langsung
indirect impact
induced measure
indirect impact
-
tabrukan tak langsung
indirect labour
-
buruh tak langsung
indirect least-squares estimation indirect least-squares method (ILS) indirect manufacturing cost indirect marketing indirect mechanism indirect planning indirect sampling indirect tax indirect tax approach individual capital individual degree of freedom individual demand individual demand curve
—
—
-
—
— —
—
— —
-
-
individual demand function individual lender
penganggaran ganda dua terkecil tak langsung
individual proprietorship individual replacement
kaedah ganda dua terkecil tak langsung kos pembuatan tak langsung/kos perkilangan tak langsung pemasaran tak langsung
individual value individual wants individual welfare change individualism
mekanisme tak langsung perancangan tak langsung
indivisibility indivisibility in consumption
pensampelan tak langsung cukai tak langsung pendekatan cukai tak langsung modal individu darjah kebebasan individu permintaan individu keluk permintaan individu 176
-
fungsi permintaan individu
-
pemberi pinjam individu
— —
— -
-
—
— —
keempunyaan individu penggantian individu nilai individu kemahuan individu perubahan kebajikan individu individualisme ketakbolehbahagian ketakbolehbahagian dalam penggunaan
indivisible goods
—
barang tak boleh bahagi
indivisible input
—
input tak boleh bahagi
induce
—
aruh
induced cost
—
kos teraruh
induced electricity
—
elektrik teraruh
induced investment
—
pelaburan teraruh
induced measure
—
ukuran teraruh
induced probability space
induced probability space
induced radioactivity induced variable induction inductive method
industrial justice
—
— — —
inductive reasoning
—
inductive statistics
—
industrial industrial group industrial industrial industrial industrial industrial industrial ratio
advertising and manual area bank chemical complex concentration concentration
— —
— — — — —
ruang probabiliti teraruh/ ruang kebarangkalian teraruh radioaktif teraruh pemboleh ubah teraruh aruhan/pengaruhan kaedah kearuhan; kaedah mengaruh taakulan kearuhan; taakulan mengaruh statistik kearuhan; statistik mengaruh pengiklanan perindustrian kumpulan perindustrian dan buruh kasar kawasan perindustrian bank perindustrian bahan kimia perindustrian kompleks perindustrian penumpuan perindustrian nisbah penumpuan perindustrian
industrial concept
—
industrial control
-
industrial country
-
kawalan perindustrian negara perindustrian
-
mahkamah perindustrian
-
demokrasi perindustrian
-
pembangunan perindustrian
industrial court industrial democracy industrial development industrial development certificate industrial dynamics
-
industrial energy
—
industrial energy requirement industrial enterprise
s~jilpembangunan perindustrian dinamik perindustrian tenaga perindustrian
—
keperluan tenaga perindustrian perusahaan perindustrian
industrial estate
—
kawasan perindustrian
industrial extractives
—
ekstraktif perindustrian
industrial fuel
-
bahan bakar perindustrian
industrial fundamentalism
—
industrial growth industrial justice 177
-
konsep perindustrian
—
— -
fundamentalisme perindustrian pertumbuhan perindustrian keadilan perindustrian
industrial labour productivity
industrial labour productivity industrial location industrial mutation
-
-
industrialized country
daya pengeluaran buruh perindustrian
industrial reserve army of labour
letakan perindustrian/ perubahan perindustrian
industrial revenue
—
hasil perindustrian
industrial revenue bond
—
bon hasil perindustrian
industrial revolution
—
revolusi perindustrian
industrial nation
—
mutasi penndustrian/ perubahan perindustrian negara perindustrian
industrial organization
—
organisasi perindustrian
industrial output
-
industrial ownership
-
-
industrial sector industrial society industrial structure industrial system
output perindustrian pemilikan perindustrian
industrial policy
—
dasar perindustrian
industrial pollution
—
pencemaran perindustrian
industrial population
—
golongan pekerja perindustrian
—
kumpulan buruh simpanan perindustrian
-
sektor perindustrian masyarakat perindustrian
—
struktur perindusti-ian
-
-
industrial town
-
industrial waste
—
industrial zone
—
industrial-process emission
—
sistem perindustrian bandar perindustrian sisa perindustrian/ buangan perindustrian zon perindustrian sebaran kotoran proses perindustrian
industrial product
—
keluaran perindustrian
industrial production
—
pengeluaran perindustrian
industrialization
—
pengindustrian
industrial purpose
—
tujuan perindustrian
industrialize
-
mengindustrikan
industrial relations
—
perhubungan perindustrian
industrialized building method
industrial research and development
—
penyelidikan dan pembangunan perindustrian
industrialized country 178
—
—
kaedah binaan susuncantum negara perindustrian
industry
industry industry of origin industry supply curve ineffectively impeded entry inefficiency inefficient estimate inefficient estimator inelastic inelastic demand inelastic scattering inequality inequality aversion inequality symbol inert gas inexact science inextensible infant death rate infant industry infant industry argument infant mortality
infinite queue
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — -
industri industri asal keluk penawaran industri
infant mortality rate infants infeasibility infeasible programme infectious agent inference inferential statistics
kemasukan terhalang tak berkesan ketakcekapan anggaran tak cekap penganggar tak cekap tak anjal permintaan tak anjal serakan tak anjal ketaksamaan pengelakan ketaksamaan simbol ketaksamaan gas lengai sains takjitu tak boleh luasan kadar kematian bayi industri muda hujah industri muda kematian bayi
inferior factor of production inferior goods infilling infiltration rate infinite elasticity
179
— — — —
-
— — — —
infinite planning horizon
-
infinite population
-
infinite queue
—
kadar kematian bayi bayi ketakbolehlaksanaan program tak boleh laksana agen penjangkitan inferens statistik inferens/ statistik penaabiran faktor pengeluaran bawahan barang bawahan pemalaman kadar penyerapan keanjalan infinit/ keanjalan tak terhingga ufuk perancangan inflnit/ ufuk perancangan tak terhingga penduduk infinit/ penduduk tak terhingga giliran infinit/giliran tak terhingga
initial tableau
infinite series infinite series infinite value
—
infinitely divisible random variable infinitely often occurance
inflation inflation proof bond inflationary financing policy inflationary gains inflationary gap inflationary pressure information generating function information number information society information technology information theory
•
sin infinit/siri tak terhingga
—
nilai infinit/nilai tak terhingga pemboleh ubah rambang boleh bahagi infinit kejadian sering infinit/ kejadian seEing tak terhingga inflasi bon tahan inflasi
—
dasar pembiayaan inflasi
—
—
—
—
— —
— —
— — — —
informational decentralization infrastructural plan infrastructure infrastructure work ingot inheritance inheritance goal inheritance tax initial allowance initial assignment initial basic feasible solution hi~ia1-tondition initial cost initial investment initial line initial quota initial segment
laba inflasi lompang inflasi/jurang inflasi tekanan inflasi fungsi penjanaan maklumat nombor maklumat masyarakat maklumat teknologi maklumat teori maklumat
initial soil fertility initial tableau 180
—
— — — — — — — — — —
— — —
— — —
— -
pemencaran maklumat rancangan infrastruktur infrastruktur kerja infrastruktur jongkong wanisan matlamat warisan cukai warisan elaun perm~ilaan penugasan permulaan penyelesaian boleh laksana basis permulaan syarat permulaan kos permulaan pelaburan permulaan garis permulaan kuota permulaan tembereng permulaan kesuburan tanah awalan tablau permulaan
initialization step
initialization step initiated development initiative injection of input injection well injections inland basin inland fishery inland port inland waterways inland wetland inner city inner city area inner control line inner product inner ring road inner road inner surface inner-city family innovation
input point
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
—
langkah mempermulakan pembangunan terdorong daya usaha suntikan input telaga suntikan suntikan lembangan darat perikanan darat pelabuhan dalaman jalan air pedalaman tanah lembap daratan bandar raya dalam kawasan bandar raya dalam garis kawalan dalam basil darab dalam jalan keliling dalam jalan raya dalam permukaan dalam keluarga dalam-bandar raya reka baru
innovation creating process innovative planning innovator inorganic fertilizer inorganic waste in put input coefficient input combination input cost input demand input demand curve
181
—
— — —
-
— — —
input demand equation
—
input effect
—
input expansion path input market
—
-
input oriented activity
-
input point
—
proses cipta rekaan baru perancangan berinovasi pereka baru baja bukan organik buangan bukan organik input koefisien input/pekali input kombinasi input/gabungan input kos input permintaan input keluk permintaan input persamaan permintaan input kesan input Ialuan pengembangan input pasaran input aktiviti berorientasikan input titik input
input price
institutional advertising
input price input process input quantity input rationing input returns input space input substitution input valuation input-input relationship input-output input-output analysis input-output coefficient input-output input-output input-output function input-output input-output
curve function production system table
— — — — — — —
—
-
inscribed circle insect pest insect sterility method
harga input proses input kuantiti input pencatuan input pulangan input ruang input penggantian input penilaian input perhubungan input-input input-output analisis input-output koefisien input-output/ pekali input-output keluk input-output fungsi input-output fungsi pengeluaran input output sistem input-output jadual input-output
inquiry
—
tanya siasat
insanitary zone
—
zon tak bersih
insecticide inseparable cost inside money insolvency inspecting authority inspection certificate inspection method inspection policy inspection report inspection sampling instability instalment instalment credit instant loan instantaneous response instantaneous value institutional advertising 182
— — -
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
bulatan terterap dalam serangga perosak kaedah pemandulan serangga racun serangga kos tak boieh pisah wang dalam ketakmampuan autoriti memeriksa perakuan pemeriksaan kaedah pemeriksaan dasar pemeriksaan laporan pemeriksaan pensampelan pemeriksaan ketakstabilan ansuran kredit ansuran pinjaman segera gerak balas serta-merta nilai seketika pengikianan institusi
institutional constraint institutional constraint institutional factor institutional framework institutional institutional institutional institutional institutional
investment investor monopoly obstacle wage rate
integration theory
—
— — — — — -
institutionalism
—
institutionalist instrument instrumental variabl.e insurable interest
-
insurance
—
insurance and freight cost insurance broker
konstren institusi/ kekangan institusi faktor institusi rangka institusi pelaburan institusi pelabur institusi monopoli institusi halangan institusi kadar upah institusi fahaman institusi/ institusionalisme pemaham institusi alat pemboleh ubah alat kepentingan boleh insurans insurans
—
kos insurans dan tambang broker insurans
insurance centre
—
pusat insurans
insurance company
—
syarikat insurans
—
insurance fund insurance policy insurance proceeds
dana insurans dasar insurans penerimaan insurans pinjaman berfnsurans insured loan — kawalan pengambilan intake control — in tangible asset — aset tak ketara intangible benefit — faedah tak ketara intangible training expense belanja latihan tak ketara integer programming — pemprograman integer integrable — boleh dikainil integral calculus — kalkulus kamilan integral equation persamaan kamilan purata bergerak bersepadu integrated moving average integrated pest control — kawalan perosak bersepadu integrated planning — perancangan bersepadu integrated system — sistem bersepadu integrating factor — faktor pengamilan — integrasi; pengamilan integration integration of income tax integrasi cukai pendapatan integration theory — teori integrasi; teori pengamilan 183
—
—
integrationist policy
integrationist policy intensity map intensity matrix intensity of human capital intensity of use intensive agriculture intensive margin intensive use of land inter-arrival time inter-departmental inter-farm inter-personal interaction variable interactive error intercept intercept term interchange intercity intercommunity redistribution
interest income
— — — — —
— — — — — — -
— — —
—
dasar pengintegrasi peta keamatan matriks keamatan keamatan modal man usia keamatan guna pertanian intensif margin intensif guna tanah intensif masa antara ketibaan antara jabatan antara ladang antara perorangan pemboleh ubah saling tindakan ralat saling bertindak pintasan sebutan pintasan saling tukar antara bandar raya
interconnected intercorporate planning
pengagihan semula antara komuniti
interdependence interdependence analysis interdependent interdependent utility function interest
—
-
—
saling berkait perancangan antara perbadanan saling bergantungan; saling bersandaran analisis saling bergantung
—
saling bergantung fungsi utiliti saling bergantung bunga; kepentingan; minat; faedah akaun bunga; akaun faedah arbitraj bunga
interest bearing account
—
akaun berbunga
interest ceiling
-
bumbung kadar bunga
interest account interest arbitrage
interest charges interest equalization tax
184
—
— —
—
—
—
caj bunga cukai penyamaan bunga
interest expenses
—
belanja bunga
interest holder
—
pemegang kepentingan
interest income
-
-
pendapatan bunga; pendapatan faedah
interest on bill
interjurisdictional income
interest on bill
—
bunga bil; faedah bil
interest on deposit
—
bunga deposit
— —
interest on unpaid balance interest payable interest payment
—
interest perception
—
interest rate
—
intergovernmental relation
—
bunga baki hutang
interim account
—
bunga belum bayar
interim aid interim certificate
bayaran faedah tanggapan kepentingan kadar bunga; kadar faedah
interest receivable
—
bunga belum terima
interest-bearing debt
—
hutang berbunga
interfirm transfer
—
pindahan antara firma
interfuel competition
—
in terfuel substitution
—
intergeneration equity
—
penggantian antara bahan bakar ekuiti antara generasi
intergenerational effect
—
kesan antara generasi
—
pengaruh antara generasi
intergenerational influence intergovernmental fiscal relation
—
bantuan sementara sijil sementara
interim development
—
pembangunan sementara
interim dividend
-
dividen interim
interim measure interim plan interim report interindividual redistribution interindustry in terindustry difference interindustry relationship interindustry transaction table in terindustry-linkage interior point interjurisdictional income
persaingan antara bahan bakar
perhubungan fiskal antara kerajaan 185
perhubungan antara kerajaan akaun interim
—
— — — —
— — —
— —
-
kawalan sementara rancangan sementara laporan interim pengagihan semula antara individu antara industri perbezaan antara industri perhubungan antara industri jadual urus niaga antara industri rantaian antara industri titik dalaman pendapatan antara bidang kuasa
inteijurisdictional problem
interjurisdictional problem
internal revenue code
—
masalah antara bidang kuasa
interjurisdictional sale
-
jualan antara bidang kuasa
interlocking
—
berpanca
intermediary intermediate
—
perantaraan pertengahan
intermediate demand
—
permintaan pertengahan
intermediate goods
—
intermediate product
—
barang perantaraan keluaran perantaraan
intermediate ratio
—
nisbah pertengahan
intermediate refinery intermediate region intermediate ring road intermediate stage intermediate technology intermediate term asset intermediate-term credit intermediation intermediator intermetallic compound
—
—
— — — — — —
— -
internal audit internal capital rationing internal check internal combustion engine internal communication internal compensation internal consistency internal internal internal internal internal
loji penapisan pertengahan wilayah pertengahan jalan keliling tengah peringkat pertengahan teknologi pertengahan aset jangka sederhana kredit jangka pertengahan pengantaraan
control energy error factor financing
internal loan internal public debt internal rate of return internal reorganization
pengantara sebatian antara logam 186
— — — —
— — — — — — —
— -
audit dalaman pencatuan modal dalaman semakan dalaman enjin pembakaran dalaman komunikasi dalaman pampasan dalaman ketekalan dalaman kawalan dalaman tenaga dalaman ralat dalaman faktor dalaman pembiayaan dalam negeri; pembiayaan dalaman pinjaman dalam negeri hutang kerajaan dalam negeri
—
kadar pulangan dalaman penyusunan semula dalaman
internal revenue
—
hasil dalam negeri
internal revenue code
—
kanun hasil dalam negeri
—
internal revenue taxation
international reserve
internal revenue taxation
—
pencukaian hasil dalam negeri
international environmental problem
internal ring, road
—
jalan keliling dalam
international equilibrium
internal system
—
selerakan dalaman suatu sampel sistem dalam negeri
internal transaction
—
urus niaga dalaman
international expenditure coordination International Finance Corporation (IFC)
internal voucher
—
baucar dalaman
international firm
—
penyelarasan perbelanjaan antarabangsa Perbadanan Kewangan Antarabangsa firma antarabangsa
internalization
—
internalisasi; penjiwaan
international investment
—
pelaburan antarabangsa
antara negara
International Labour Office (ILO) international lending
-
Pejabat Buruh Antarabangsa
internal scatter of a sample
internation internation equity international arrival hall
—
— -
ekuiti antara negara balai tiba antarabangsa
international aspect
—
aspek antarabangsa
international assistance
—
bantuan antarabangsa
international bank international capital market international comparison
—
bank antarabangsa
—
pasaran modal antarabangsa
—
perbandingan antarabangsa
international corporation
—
perbadanan antarabangsa
international currency
—
mata wang antarabangsa
international liability international liquidity International Monetary Fund (IMF) international oil market international payment international redistribution international reserve 187
—
—
—,
—
— -
— —
—
—
—
masalah alam sekitar antarabangsa keseimbangan antarabangsa
peminjaman antarabangsa liabiliti antarabangsa kecairan antarabangsa Tabung Kewangan Antarabangsa (TKA) pasaran minyak antarabangsa pembayaran antarabangsa pengagihan semula antarabangsa rizab antarabangsa
international tax coordination
international tax coordination international tax relationship international tax structure comparison international terms of trade International Tin Agreement International Tin Council international trade international trade fair International Trade Organization (ITO) international trade theory international transfer International Whaling Commission (IWG) interpersonal comparison
—
—
—
—
-
— —
-
—
—
—
intertemporal budget line penyelarasan cukai antarabangsa perhubungan cukai antarabangsa
interpolation interpretation
— —
interquartile range interregional competition
perbandingan struktur cukai antarabangsa kadar syarat perdagangan antarabangsa
interregional interregional interregional interregional interregional plier
Perjanjian Timah Antarabangsa Majlis Timah Antarabangsa perdagangan antarabangsa pameran niaga antarabangsa Pertubuhan Perdagangan Antarabangsa teori perdagangan antarabangsa pindahan antarabangsa Suruhanjaya Penangkapan Ikan Paus Antarabangsa perbandingan antara orang
equilibrium flow model planning trade multi-
interrelationship intersection intersection of events intersection of sets intersection point in tersectoral interspacial interstate sales intertemporal budget line
188
—
—
— — — — —
— — — — —
— — — —
interpolasi tafsiran; pentafsiran julat antara sukuan persaingan antara wilayah keseimbangan antara wilayah aliran antara wilayah model antara wilayah perancangan antara wilayah pengganda perdagangan antara wilayah saling berhubungan persilangan persilangan peristiwa persilangan set tempat persilangan; titik persilangan antara sektor antara ruang jualan antara negeri garis belanjawan antara masa
intertemporal comparison
inventory cycle
intertemporal comparison
—
intertemporal decision
—
intertemporal dependency
—
intertemporal efficiency interurban interval estimate interval estimator interval forecast interval prediction intervening opportunity model interview intra-farm intra-industry intra-industry specialization in ira-marginal firm intra-nuclear force in ti-a-regional planning intraclass correlation
— —
— — — — —
—
— — —
— — —
perbandingan antara masa keputusan antara masa
in tracommodity
—
intrabarangan
intraregional trade
-
perdagangan intrawilayah
kebersandaran antara masa kecekapan antara masa
in trascale
—
intraskel
intrinsic factor
—
antara bandar anggaranjeda penganggarjeda ramalan jeda penelahan jeda model halangan peluang
intrinsic rate of increase
—
intrinsic value introspective generalization
temu duga: temu ramah temu bual intraladang intraindustri pengkhususan intraindustri
189
—
intuitive forecasting
—
invariable input sequence
-
invariable response period
—
invention inventory inventory inventory inventory inventory inventory
firma intrasut daya intranuklear perancangan intrawilayah korelasi intrakelas
—
— —
adjustment budgeting change control cycle
— —
faktor intrinsik kadar pertambahan intrinsik nilai intrinsik penyeluruhan introspektif peramalan segerak hati/ peramalan intuisi jujukan input tak boleh ubah tempoh gerak balas tak boleh ubah reka cipta inventori pelarasan inventori pembelanjawanan inventori perubahan inventon kawalan inventori kitaran inventori
inventory gains
inventory gains inventory holding cost inventory model inventory problem inventory system inventory valuation adjustment inverse inverse circular function inverse correlation inverse Laplace transform inverse least squares inverse matrix inverse price ratio inverse sampling inverse-function rule inversion point inverted v-lag pattern invertibility condition invertible function invest (to)
investment determinnnt
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
laba inventori kos pemegangan inventori model inventori masalah inventori sistem inventori pelarasan penilaian inventori songsang fungsi menibulat songsang korelasi songsang jelmaan Laplace songsang ganda dua terkecil songsang matriks songsang nisbah harga songsang pensampelan songsang peraturan fungsi songsang titik penyongsangan pola lat v songsang syarat kesongsangan fungsi boleh songsang melabur
investible fund investible fund market investible surplus investigation investigation report investment investment allocation investment alternative investment analysis investment banking investment banking firm investment broker investment coefficient investment investment investment investment investment
control cost credit criteria decision
investment determinant 190
— — — — — — — —
— —
—
— — — — —
dana boleh labur pasaran dana boleh labur lebihan boleh labur penyiasatan laporan penyiasatan pelaburan peruntukan pelaburan alternatif pelaburan analisis pelaburan urusan bank pelaburan firma urusan bank pelaburan broker pelaburan .koefisien pelaburan/ pekali pelaburan kawalan pelaburan kos pelaburan kredit pelaburan kriteria pelaburan keputusan pelaburan penentuan pelaburan
investment licensing investment licensing investment opportunity investment period investment portfolio investment project investment requirement investment schedule investment slice investment tax credit investment-opportunity function investor invisible export invisible hand invisible trade effect invoice method involuntary unemployment iodine iodization ion
irreversible goods
— -
— — — -
— —
— — —
— — — —
-
pelesenan pelaburan peluang pelaburan
iron law of wage
tempoh pelaburan portfolio pelaburan projek pelaburan keperluan pelaburan jadual pelaburan pecahan pelaburan
iron ore irrational input level irrational number irrational production irreducibility irreducible irreducible Markov chain
kredit cukai pelaburan fungsi peluang pelaburan pelabur eksport tak nampak tangan tak nampak kesan perdagangan tak nampak kaedah invois pengangguran terpaksa iodin
191
undang-undang upah kuku besi
-
b~jihbesi tingkat input tak rasional
—
nombor tak rasional
—
-
—
pengeluaran tak rasional ketakkurangan tak terkurang rantaian Markov tak terkurang
irregular component
-
irregular fluctuation
—
komponen tak nalar turun naik tak nalar
irregular movement
—
pergerakan tak nalar
irregular singular point
-
titik singular tak nalar
irregular street alignment
—
penjajaran jalan tak nalar
irregular variation irregularity index
pengiodinan ion
—
-
variasi tak nalar indeks ketaklaziman
irreversibility
-
ketakbolehbalikan semula
irreversible goods
-
—
barang tak boleh balik semula
irreversible land use
irreversible land use irrigation irrigation area irrigation practice irrigation project irrigation scheme iso-outlay curve iso-outlay line iso-product contour iso-profit line iso-resource curve iso-revenue iso-revenue line iso-utility curve isocline isocost isocost line isodapanes isoexpenditure curve isolated
item veto
-
— — — — —
— — — — —
— — — — — — —
isolated extremum isolated point isolated singular point isolation isometric transformation isometry isomorphic isomorphism isoprene isoprobability curve
penggunaan tanah tak boleh balik semula pengairan kawasan pengairan amalan pengairan projek pengairan skim pengairan keluk belanja sama garisan belanja sama kontur keluaran sama garisan untung sama keluk sumber sama hasil sama
isoproduct isoproduct curve
garisan hasil sama keluk utiliti sama isoklin kos sama garis kos sama isodapen keluk perbelanjaan sama terpencil
isoquant isoquant map iso tern isotope issue for subscription issue permit item of land revenue item veto 192
— — — — — — — — — —
—
—
— — —
ekstremum terpencil titik terpencil titik singular terpencil pemencilan transformasi isometri isometri berisomorf isomorfan isopren keluk kebarangkalian sama/ keluk probabiliti sama keluaran sama keluk keluaran sama isokuan peta isokuan isotem isotop terbitan untuk pencapaian pengeluaran permit butiran hasil tanah veto butiran
itemized deduction
itemized deduction iterated expection iteration iterative algebraic procedure iterative algorithm
iterative solution
—
potongan terbutir jangkaan terlelar lelaran tatacara algebra lelaran
—
algoritma melelar
— —
iterative iterative iterative iterative iterative
193
bidding method procedure process solution
— — — — —
pembidaan lelaran kaedah lelaran tatacara lelaran proses lelaran penyelesaian lelaran
J-shaped frequency curve
J-shaped frequency curve Jacobian determinant Janus quotient jet propulsion jet stream’s core job analysis job competition job creation
joint stock bank
joint density function
—
joint economic committee
—
joint float
—
apungan bersama
joint industry
—
industri bersama
-
keluk frekuensi bentukJ penentu Jacob hasil bahagi Janus rejangan jet teras arus udara jet analisis kerja persaingan kerja penciptaan kerja penghuraian kerja diskriminasi kerja peluang kerja carian kerja spesifikasi kerja jober fungsi ciii bersama
joint committee
—
jawatankuasa bersama
joint cost
—
kos bersama
joint response
—
joint demand goods
—
barang permintaan bersama
joint stock bank
—
job description job discrimination job opportunity job search job specification jobber joint characteristic function
— — — — — — — — —
joint input joint liability
jawatankuasa ekonomi bersama
—
input bersama liabiliti bersama
joint ownership
-
pemilikan bersama
joint planning board
—
joint planning committee
-
joint probability distribution joint product joint product cost joint profit maximization
194
fungsi kepadatan bersama
—
—
— — —
lembaga perancangan bersama jawatankuasa perancangan bersama taburan probabiliti bersama/taburan kebarangkalian bersama keluaran bersama kos keluaran bersama pemaksimuman untung bersama gerak balas bersama bank stok bersama
joint stock company
joint stock company joint stock enterprise joint supply joint venture journal journey to work survey judgement sample judgemental probability
judgemental sampling Juglar cycle junction junk food
juvenile water
—. — — — — — —
— — — —
syarikat saham bersama perusahaan stok bersama penawaran bersama usaha sama jurnal kaji selidik pergi kerja sampel pertimbangan probabiliti pertimbangan/ kebarangkalian pertimbangan pensampelan pertimbangan kitaran Juglar simpang; cawang makanan junk
junked airplane junked automobile junkyard juridical system jurisdiction just distribution just identified equation justum pretium juvenile hormone juvenile mortality juvenile water
195
— —
— — — -
— — — —
bangkai kapal terbang bangkai kenderaan bermotor medan barang buruk sistem pengadilan bidang kuasa agihan adil persamaan cukup kenal pasti justum pretium hormon remaja kematian remaja air magma
K-class estimator
kurtosis
K K-class estimator Kalecki’s cycle model kaolin kerosene key currency key industry key map key plan key project key-currency policy Keynesian economics Keynesian model Keynesian multiplier Keynesian System
penganggar kelas K model kitaran Kalecki kaolin minyak tanah mata wang penting industri penting peta punca pelan punca projek penting dasar mata wang penting
— — — — — — —
— — —
Keystone kinetic wave kinked demand-curve
‘
Kitchin cycle knife-edge problem know-how Kondratieff cycle Koyck transformation Koyck’s geometric lag scheme krypton concentration Kuhn-Tucker condition Kuhn-Tucker constraint qualification kurtosis
ekonomi Keynes model Keynes pengganda Keynes sistem Keynes
196
— —
— — — — — —
—
—
baji batu gelombang kinetik keluk permintaan terpatah kitaran Kitchiri masalah genting pengetahuan/kebolehan kitaran Kondratieff transformasi Koyck skim lat geometri Koyck kepekatan kripton syarat Kuhn-Tucker kelayakan konstren Kuhn-Tucker kurtosis
labour
labour-output ratio
L labour labour absorption labour constant labour cost labour demand labour force labour income labour input labour intensity labour intensive labour intensive goods labour market labour market disequilibrium labour mobility labour movement labour participation
— — — — — — —
— —
—
buruh penyerapan buruh pemalar buruh kos buruh permintaan buruh tenaga buruh pendapatan buruh input buruh keamatan buruh intensif buruh barang intensif buruh pasaran buruh ketakseimbangan pasaran buruh mobiliti buruh pergerakan buruh
labour participation rate
—
penyertaan buruh kadar penyertaan buruh
labour productivity
—
daya pengeluaran buruh
—
labour labour labour labour labour labour labour labour labour
ratio relation requirement shortage skill supply supply function surplus theory of value
-
nisbah buruh hubungan buruh keperluan buruh kekurangan buruh kemahiran buruh penawaran buruh fungsi penawaran buruh lebihan buruh teori nilai buruh
labour transference
-
pemindahan buruh
labour turnover rate
-
labour union labour utilization approach
197
— — — — — -
—
-
kadar pusing ganti buruh kesatuan sekerja pendekatan penggunaan buruh
labour-augmenting techno- — logical change
perubahan teknologi berimbuhan buruh
labour-market observation
—
labour-output ratio
-
pemerhatian pasaran buruh/pencerapan pasaran buruh nisbah buruh output
labour-saving bias
land development cost
labour-saving bias
—
labour-saving innovation
—
labour-saving technological change
—
lack-of-fit
—
lactic acid
—
lag
—
lag policy lag response lag time lagged covariance lagged dependent variable
bias penjimatan buruh
Lagrangian approach
-
pendekatan Lagrange
reka baru penjimatan buruh
Lagrangian function
—
fungsi Lagrange
-
kaedah Lagrange
laissez-faire principle land
asid laktik lat
—
—
masa lat
—
kovarians terlat
lagged supply adjustment
—
pemboleh ubah bersandar terlat pelarasan penawaran terlat
lagged variable
—
pemboleh ubah terlat
lagging indicator
—
—
laissez-faire capitalism
padanan kurang tepat
dasar lat gerak balas lat
—
Lagrangian method laissez-faire
perubahan teknologi penjimatan buruh
land alienation land allocation
lagging region
—
wilayah mundur
lagoon
-
lagun
Lagrange multiplier
-
pengganda Lagrange
prinsip laissez-faire
-
tanah
—
land bank
-
bank tanah
land charge
-
cukai tanah
land classification
—
pengelasan tanah
land cultivation land destruction land development land development cost 198
-
pemberimilikan tanah peruntukan tanah
land code land commission land contract
penunjuk lat
—
laissez-faire kapitalisme laissez-faire
—
—
— — -
— — -
—
kanun tanah suruhanjaya tanah kontrak tanah pengusahaan tanah kemusnahan tanah kemajuan tanah; pembangunan tanah kos pembangunan tanah
land distribution
land distribution land economics land enactment land enhancement land fertility land finiteness land form land improvement land inspection land investment landlord land management land mark land needs land owner land ownership land partition land policy land price land price comparison land profit
land use coefficient
— — — — — — — — — — — -
— — —
land reform land registration land registry land rent land reordering land reservation land resource land resource allocation land resource classification land revenue land space land survey land tax land tenure law
pembahagian tanah ekonomi tanah enakmen tanah peningkatan mutu tanah kesuburan tanah keterbatasan tanah rupa bentuk tanah pembaikan tanah pemeriksaan tanah pelaburan tanah tuan tanah pengurusan tanah tanda tempat kepertuan tanah pemilik tanah pemilikan tanah pecah bahagi tanah
land tenure system land transaction land tribunal land use land use coefficient
dasar tanah harga tanah perbandingan harga tanah keuntungan tanah 199
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — -
reformasi tanah pendaftaran tanah pejabat daftar tanah sewa tanah penyusunan semula tanah perizaban tanah sumber tanah peruntukan sumber tanah pengelasan sumber tanah hasil tanah ruang tanah ukur tanah cukai tanah undang-undang cara milik tanah sistem cara milik tanah urus niaga tanah tribunal tanah kegunaan tanah koefisien guna tanah/ pekali guna tanah
land use survey
land use survey land utilization land utilization map land valuation
lateritic nickel ore
—
kaji selidik guna tanah
—
penggunaan tanah
Lange-Lerner rule lantern fish
-
peta penggunaan tanah
lanthanum Laplace expansion Laplace transform
land value
—
penilaian tanah nilai tanah
land-man ratio
-
nisbah tanah-penduduk
lapse rate
—
kawalan guna tanah perancangan guna tanah
large scale map large scale production
land-use policy
—
dasar guna tanah
land-use problem
—
land-value method
-
land-value taxation landed price landlord-tenant relation
—
land-use control land-use planning
—
—
peraturan Lange-Lerner ikan lantera
—
lantanurn pengembangan Laplace
—
jelmaan Laplace
—
kadar lelap
-
—
peta skel besar pengeluaran skel besar
large-lot zoning
-
pengezonan lot besar
masalah guna tanah
large-sample property
—
sifat sampel besar
kaedah nilai tanah
large-scale sale
—
jualan skel besar
—
pencukaian nilai tanah
large-scale sale promotion
—
—
harga tiba
—
landscape
—
landscape survey
—
landslide
-
—
Lasky ratio Laspeyres index latent heat lateral erosion laterite laterite soil lateritic nickel ore
hubungan tuan tanahpenyewa seni taman; pemandangan darat kaji selidik seni taman/kaji selidik pandangan darat tanah runtuh 200
—
promosi jualan berskel besar
—
nisbah Lasky indeks Laspeyres haba pendam hakisan melebar latent tanah latent
—
bijih nikel berlatenit
— — — — —
leaching
Latin square Latin square
—
Latin square design
—
segi empat sama Latin
law of increasing returns
—
reka bentuk segi empat sama Latin
law of minimum wage
—
law of one price law of radioactive decay
laundry waste
-
buangan dobi
law
—
hukum; undang-undang
law of constant returns law of constant returns to scale law of demand law of diminishing marginal productivity law of diminishing marginal utility law of diminishing returns law of diminishing substitution law of equimarginal returns law of increasing cost
-
—
—
—
-
—
—
hukum pulangan malar hukum pulangan malar ikut skel hukum daya pengeluaran sut berkurangan hukum utiliti sut berkurangan hukun’t pulangan berkurangan hukum penggantian berkurangan
—
hukum pulangan sut-sarna
—
hukum kos bertambahan 201
hukum upah minimum
-
hukum satu harga hukum reputan radioaktif
law of sales
—
undang-undang jualan
law of similarity
—
hukum keserupaan
law of supply law of variable proportion
hukum permintaan
hukum pulangan bertambahan
—
— —
hukum penawaran hukum perkadaran berubah undang-undang kacau ganggu
laws of nuisance
—
laws of trespass
—
layoff
—
layoff rate
—
kadar henti kerja
layout
—
susun atur
layout plan
—
pelan susun atur
leach
—
larut lesap
leaching
—
melarut lesap
undang-undang pencerobohan pembenhentian kerja sementana
lead poisoning
least squares regression
lead poisoning
-
lead time
-
lead-acid battery leadership leading coefficient leading diagonal leading indicator leading industry leading sector League of Nations
peracunan timah hitam/ peracunan plumbum
leasehold estate
—
masa tunggu
leasehold system
—
sistem pegangan
bateri asid plumbum kepimpinan; kepemimpinan
leasing arrangement
-
pengaturan pemajakan
leasing policy
—
dasar pemajakan
koefisien utama/pekali utama
leasing practice
—
amalan pemajakan
least common factor
—
faktor sepunya terkecil
pepenjuru awal
least cost
—
kos terendah
-
petunjuk utama
-
industni terkemuka
least cost alternative least cost expansion path
—
sektor utama
-
-
—
alternatif kos terendah laluan pengembangan kos terendah
least cost presumption
—
andaian kos terendah
least cost process
—
proses kos terendah
pembelajaran melalui amalan keluk pembelajaran
least cost production least square
-
pajakan pengaturan pajakan
—
-
—
learning by doing
-
learning curve
-
lease
-
leasehold
—
Liga Bangsa-bangsa b~jihmiskin
-
lean one
lease arrangement lease percentage
—
harta benda pegangan ‘pajakan
—
pengeluaran kos terendah ganda dua terkecil
least squares curve
—
keluk ganda dua terkecil
least squares estimator
—
peratusan pajakan
least squares line
—
garisan ganda dua terkecil
pemegangan pajak
least squares regression
—
regresi kuasa dua terkecil
202
—
penganggar ganda dua terkecil
least time ration
least time ration least upper bound least variance ratio estimator least-cost combination of input least-cost factor combi-, nation
lender of last resort
—
— —
—
—
least-cost method
—
least-cost route
—
least-squares estimation
—
least-squares exponential curve least-squares parabola least-squares plane leather leavening agent lecithin ledger ledger balance
—
— — — — — — —
makanan masa tersingkat
leeward area leeway left skewness legacy legal approach legal aspect legal liability legal reserve requirement legal restriction legal right legal tender legislation leisure leisure class leisure society leisure zone lemma lender lender classification lender of last resort
batas atas terkecil penganggar nisbah varians terkecil kombinasi input kos terendah kombinasi faktor kos terendah kaedah kos terkecil jalan arah kos terkecil penganggaran ganda dua terkecil keluk eksponen ganda dua terkecil parabola ganda dua terkecil satah ganda dua terkecil kulit agen penaik lesitin lejar baki lejar 203
— — — — — — — —
-
kawasan lindung angin penjajaran waktu terhilang kepencongan ke kin pewarisan pendekatan undang-undang aspek undang-undang liabiliti undang-undang keperluan nizab wajib pembatasan undang-undang hak undang-undang wang sah perundangan masa lapang kelas mewah masyarakat mewah zon lipur lema pemberi pinjam pengelasan pembeni pinjam sumber pemberi pinjam terakhir
lender’s business
lender’s business lender’s risk lending lending agency lending business lending institution lending method lending rate Leon tief coefficient Leontief function Leontief inverse Leontief matrix Leontief model Leontief paradox
licensing
— — — —
—
— — —
— — — —
—
Leontief system leptokurtic less developed country
—
letter of credit
—
— —
perniagaan pemberi pinjam risiko pemberi pinjam pemberian pinjaman agensi pemberian pinjaman perniagaan pemberian pinjaman institusi pemberian pinjaman kaedah pemberian pinjaman kadar pemberian pinjaman koefisien Leontief/pekali Leontief fungsi Leontief songsangan Leontief matniks Leontief model Leontief
levee settlement level crossing
—
penempatan tetambak lintasan rata
level of aggregation
—
tingkat pengagregatan
level of income
—
tingkat pendapatan
level of ironstone
—
lapisan batu besi
level of planning
—
peringkat perancangan
leverage
—
leveraj
lexicographic function lexicographic method lexicographic ordering lexicographic utility form liability liability insurance liability rule liberalism licence allocation licenced auction license to pollute licensed premise licensing
paradoks Leontief sistem Leontief leptokurtik negara kurang maju surat kredit 204
-
—
fungsi leksikografi kaedah leksikografi
—
penyusunan leksikografi
—
— — — — — —
— — —
bentuk utiliti leksikografi liahiliti insurans liabiliti peraturan liabiliti liberalisme peruntukan lesen lelong berlesen kebenaran mencemar kedai arak pelesenan
licensing law
lime kiln
licensing law
—
licensing of export
—
undang-undang pelesenan pelesenan eksport
licensing policy
—
dasar pelesenan
life tenant life-cycle hypothesis
life
—
hidup/hayat
life-cycle pricing
—
life annuity
—
anuiti hayat
life cycle
—
kitaran hayat
lifetime reservoir
—
takungan kekal
sepanjang hayat
light
-
cahaya
jangkaan hayat
light absorption
—
penyerapan cahaya
statistikjangkaan hidup jangkaan hidup
light crude oil light fraction
insurans nyawa
—
syarikat insurans nyawa
—
life duration life expectancy life expectancy statistics
—
—
—
life expectation
—
life insurance
—
life insurance company life insurance proceeds life of asset life of capital equipment life of machinery life period life shortening life space
— — — —
—
life table
jadual hayat — -
penyewa sepanjang hayat hipotesis kitanan hidup penentuan harga kitaran hayat
—
minyak mentah ringan pecahan ningan
light house
—
rumah api
light industry
—
industni ringan
penerimaan insurans nyawa
light ray
—
sinaran cahaya (matahari)
hayat aset hayat kelengkapan modal hayatjentera tempoh hayat pemendekan hayat/ pemendekan hidup ruang hidup
light tropical forest light water light-water reactor lignite likelihood function likelihood ratio test lime kiln 205
—
— — — — —
hutan janang tropika air ringan reaktor air ringan lignit fungsi kebolehjadian ujian nisbah kebolehjadian relau kapur
limestone quarry limestone quarry limit limit to growth limitation limitation of planning limited company limited information maximum likelihood limited liability limited market limited payment limited price limited-information estimator limited-use land limiting distribution limiting factor limiting resource line chart line graph line of credit
linear function
— -
— — — — —
— — — —
— —
kuani batu kapur had had kepada pertumbuhan pengehadan pengehadan perancangan syanikat berhad kebolehjadian maksimum maklumat terhad liabiliti terhad pasaran terhad bayaran terhad hanga terhad penganggan maklumat terhad tanah kegunaan tenhad taburan pengehad faktor pengehad sumber pengehad carta ganisan
line of perfect forecast line search technique line segment linear linear alkyl sulphonate linear approximation linear birth process linear combination linear consumption function linear correlation linear demand curve linear demand surface
graf garisan barisan kredit 206
— — — — — -
— —
— — —
ganisan ramalan sempurna teknik carian garisan tembeneng ganisan linear sulfonat alkil linear penghampiran linear proses kelahiran linear kombinasi linear fungsi penggunaan linear korelasi linear keluk permintaan linear permukaan penmintaan linear persandaran linear pindahan tenaga linear penganggan linear pengembangan linear fesyen linear
linear dependence linear energy transfer linear estimator linear expansion linear fashion
—
linear forecast
—
rajnalan linear
linear function
—
fungsi linear
— — — —
linear homogeneity
linear homogeneity linear homogenous system linear independence linear interpolation linear mixed estimation linear prediction linear production process linear programming linear regression model linear relationship linear restriction linear span linear stochastic regression linear system linear town linear transformation linearization linearized annual load duration curve linearity
liquid-waste discharge
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
—
kehomogenan linear sistem homogen linear ketakbersandaran linear interpolasi linear penganggaran bercampur linear penelahan linear proses pengeluaran linear pemprograman linear model regresi linear perhubungan linear pembatasan linear jengkal linear regresi stokastik linear sistem linear bandar sejajar transformasi linear pelinearan~ keluk tempoh b~ban tahunan terlinear kelinearan
linearly homogeneous function’ link relative method linkage linkage hypothesis linkage potential linkage-weighted index of imbalance linking equation lipoprotein liquefaction process liquefaction technology liquefied natural gas (LNG) liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
207
—
fungsi homogen linear
—
kaedah relatif penyambung ran taian hipotesis rantaian potensi rantaian indeks rantaian berwajaran tak seimbang persamaan penyambungan lipoprotein proses pencairan teknologi pencairan gas ash cecair
—
gas petroleum cecair
liquef~ingplant
—
loji pencairan
liquid
—
cain; mudah tunai; cecair
liquid asset
—
liquid fuel
—
aset cair bahan bakar cecair
liquid-waste discharge
-
buangan kotoran cecalr
— —
— — — —
liquidation
liquidation liquidity liquidity preference liquidity ratio liquidity theory of investment liquidity trap
loan cost
—
pembubaran
—
kecairan
—
keutamaan kecairan
— —
livestock marketing livestock production livestock sales livestock studies living area
nisbah kecairan teori kecairan pelaburan
—
perangkap kecairan
-
cukai arak
list price
—
harga senarai
list sampling
—
pensampelan senarai
liquor tax
livestock losses livestock marketer qualification
—
bangunan terpelihara persamaan harafiah
lithium
-
litium
lithosphere
—
litosfera
—
sampah sarap
living density lif~girritation living resource living standard determinant load factor loaded question
—
kehahiran hidup ternakan agensi pengumpulan ternakan pemuliharaan ternakan
listed building literal equation
litter live birth livestock
-
—
livestock assembly agency
—
livestock conservation
—
kerugian ternakan kelayakan pemasar ternakan
—
pemasaran ternakan
— — — —
— -
pengeluaran ternakan jualan binatang ternakan kajian ternakan kawasan semayam; kawasan kediaman kepadatan penghunian rangsangan paru-paru sumber hidup penentu taraf hidup
—
faktor beban soalan beban
loan
—
pinjaman
loan analysis
—
analisis pinjaman
loan application loan appraisal loan cost 208
—
—
—
— — —
permohonan pinjaman penilaian pinjaman kos pinjaman
loan finance
loan finance loan fund loan loan loan loan
policy procedure repayment repayment plan
loan repayment terms loan security loan service loan servicing loan-deposit ratio loanable fund lobby local authority local bond local centre local convergence local distributor local extremum
localization
—
pembiayaan pinjaman dana pinjaman
—
dasar pinjaman
—
— — —
-
— — — — — — —
local fallout local finance local government local industrial support local industry local land charge local manufacture local map local market local maximum local minimum local monopoly local optimum local plan local planning local planning authority
tatacara pinjaman bayaran-bahik pinjaman rancangan pembayaran balik pinjaman syarat pembayaran balik pinjaman cagaran pinjaman perkhidmatan pinjaman bayar balik pinjaman nisbah pinjaman-deposit dana boleh pinjam lobi; ruang legar autoriti tempatan bon tempatan pusat tempatan penumpuan tempatan pengedar tempatan ekstremum tempatan
local saving local service local tax localization 209
— — — — — — — —
—
jatuhan zarah tempatan pembiayaan tempatan kerajaan tempatan sokongan industri tempatan industri tempatan caj tanah tempatan buatan tempatan peta tempatan pasaran tempatan maksimum tempatan minimum tempatan monopohi tempatan optimum tempatan pelan tempatan perancangan tempatan autoriti perancangan tempatan tabungan tempatan perkhidmatan tempatan cukai tempatan persetempatan
long run distribution
localization of industry
localization of industry locality location location cost advantage location factor location of experiment location of industry location pattern location plan location quotient location theory locatiQnal effect locational equilibrium locational factor locational interdependence locational space locational triangle lock-in effect locus lode mine
— — -
— — -
-
— — — -
— — — — —
persetempatan industri tempat letakan
lode ore lode tin lodging house log linear model log rolling logarithm logarithmic function logarithmic function base e logging logging debris logical positivism logistic curve logistic function lognormal pattern of growth lognormal distribution lognormal income distribution long bill long period adjustment
faedah kos letakan faktor letakan letakan uji kaji letakan industri pola letakan pelan letakan hasil bahagi letakan teori letakan kesan letakan keseimbangan letakan faktor peletakan sahing bergantungan penempatan ruang penempatan segi tiga letakan kesan tertutup lokus lombong telerang
long run distribution 210 -
— — — — — — — — — — — — — -
— -
— — —
bijih telerang timah telerang rumah penginapan model log linear penggolekan balak logaritma fungsi logaritma fungsi logaritma asas e pembalakan kaparan pembalakan positivisme logik keluk logistik fungsi logistik pertumbuhan bentuk logistik taburan lognormal pengagihan pendapatan lognorrnal bil jangka panjang pelarasan jangka panjang taburan jangka panjang
long run forecast
long run forecast long run industry supply price long run marginal cost long run supply function
loss of coolant
—
—
—
—
longsale (stock exchange) long term asset long term plan long wave long-period decision long-run long-i-tin average total cost curve long-run cost long-run equilibrium long-run immobility long-run marginal cost curve
—
ramalan jangka panjang
fungsi penawaran jangka panjang jualan panjang (bursa saham)
—
keputusan jangka panjang
—
— —
— —
long-term capital movement long-term credit long-term decision long-term forecasting long-term loan long-term movement long-term planning
asetjangka panjang
—
—
long-term long-term borrowing long-term capital long-term capital gains
kos sutjangka panjang
rancangan jangka panjang gelombang panjang
—
long-run trade
harga penawaran industri jangka panjang
jangka panjang keluk jumlah kos purata jangka panjang kos jangka panjang keseimbangan jangka panjang tak mobilitijangka panjang keluk kos sutjangka panjang
— — — -
— — — — — —
long-term trend
-
longevity benefit
-
Lorenz curve loss
211
—
— —
loss carry forward
-
loss of coolant
—
perdagangan jangka panjang jangka panjang peminjaman jangka panjang modal jangka panjang laba modal jangka panjang pergerakan modal jangka panjang kredit jangka panjang keputusan jangka panjang peramalan jangka panjang pinjaman jangka panjang pergerakan jangka panjang perancangan jangka panjang arah aliran jangka panjang faedah kelanjutan umur keluk Lorenz kerugian; kehilangan kerugian bawa ke depan kehilangan pendingin
loss of development value
lumbering industry
loss of development value
—
kerugian nilai pembangunan
low-phosphate detergent
loss offset
—
balas timbal kerugian
lot acceptance sampling
—
low-sulphur fuel low-sulphur oil
lot quality protection lot tolerance percent defective lottery sampling loudness low cost housing low density development low grade ore low-cost firm low-energy environment low-flow augmentation low-income allowance low-income house scheme low-income household
—
—
— —
— —
— — —
— —
—
pensampelan penerimaan lot
—
detergen kurang fosfat
—
bahan bakar kurang sulfur
-
minyak kurang sulfur
lower bounded variable
—
peratus kecacatan lot boleh terima
lower class
—
lower class limit
—
kelas bawahan; kelas bawah had kelas bawah
pensampelan loteri kenyaringan
lower confidence limit
—
had keyakinan bawah
perhindungan kualiti lot
lower control limit lower quartile
perumahan kos rendah pembangunan kepadatan rendah bijih gred rendah firma kos rendah persekitaran kurang tenaga imbuhan ahiran rendah
lower social class
elaun pendapatan rendah skim perumahan pendapatan rendah isi rumah pendapatan rendah
—
had kawalan bawah penyuku bawah/kuartil bawah kelas sosial bawahan
-
lower triangular matrix
—
matriks segi tiga bawah
lower-lower class
—
kelas bawahan rendah
lower-middle class
—
kelas pertengahan rendah
lowest common multiple
—
gandaan sepunya terendah
lowest minimum lowland forest lumberjack lumbering industry 212
pemboleh ubah berbatas bawah
— — -
minimum terendah hutan pamah pekerja balak industri pembalakan
lump-sum
lump-sum lump-sum payment lump-sum subsidy lump-sum tax Lundbergian lag
luxiwy tax
— — — —
sekali gus bayaran sekali gus subsidi sekali gus cukai sekali gus lat Lundberg
lung cancer lung irritation luxury good luxury tax
213
— — — —
barah paru-paru rangsangan paru-paru barang mewah. cukai barang mewah
machine-hour depreciation
major axis
M machine-hour depreciation machinery cost machinery credit Maclaurin series macroeconomic model macroeconomic parameter macroeconomic planning macroeconomic problem macroeconomic relation macroeconomics macrofinance macroscopic method made-to-measure tariff magmatic segregation magnesium magnethohydrodynamic conversion mahogany
—
— —
susut nilai penggunaan jam mesin kos jentera kreditjentera
—
sin Maclaunin
—
model makroekonomi
—
— — — — — — —
— — —
—
mail transfer
—
pindahan mel
mail-order house
-
gedung pesanan mel
main communication main contractor
-
komunikasi utama kontraktor utama
main distribution
—
pengedaran utama
main distributor main product main road main shopping centre
parameter makroekonomi perancangan makroekonomi masalah makroekonomi hubungan makroekonomi makroekonomi makrokewangan kaedah makroskop tarif berpilih-pilih
main substation main traffic artery main transmission line main trunk road mainland maintained hypothesis maintenance maintenance model maintenance period maintenance restraint major axis
pemisahan magma magnesium penukaran magnetohidro dinamik mahogani 214
-
pengedar utama keluaran utama
— -
-
jalan besar/jalan utama pusat membeli-belah utama
—
pencawang besar
—
lalu lintas utama talian hantaran utama jalan raya utama tanah besar hipotesis terkekal
— — — — —
— — — — —
‘
penyelenggaraan model penyelenggaraan tempoh penyelenggaraan batasan penyelenggaraan paksi panjang
major road’
mandatory
major road
—
majority rule
—
penaturan majoniti
malathion
—
malation
—
asid malik
malic acid mall malnutrition malpractice Malthusian economics Malthusian theory of population man made feature man-altered landscape man-hour man-land ratio man-machine planning man-made resource managed biological resource managed currency
— —
— — —
jalan utama
—
—
mata wang terurus
—
— — — —
management accounting management auditing
medan persiaran kekurangan zat makanan; kurang zat makanan amalan seleweng ekonomi Malthus teori penduduk Malthus ciri buatan manusia pemandangan darat ubahan manusia jam manusia nisbah manusia-tanah perancangan manusia-mesin sumber buatan manusia sumber biologi tenurus
-
managed float managed floating exchange rate management
—
perakaunan pengurusan
—
pengauditan pengurusan
—
management bias
—
management factor
-
bias pengurusan faktor pengurusan
management limitation
—
pengehadan pengurusan
management science
—
management share
—
manager
-
managerial backwardness managerial discretion managerial economics managerial efficiency managerial rent managerial utility managing director mandatory 215
—
apungan terurus kadar pertukaran perapungan terurus pengurusan
—
sains pengurusan bahagian pengurusan
-
pengurus kemunduran pengurusan
-
budi bicara pengurusan
—
ekonomi pengurusan kecekapan pengurusan sewa pengurusan utiliti pengurusan pengarah urusan
—
bermandat
— — — -
manganese
manufacturing overhead
manganese
—
manganum
manganese bronze
—
gangsa manganum
manufactured dairy product
-
hutan bakau
manufactured goods
mangrove forest mangrove swamp manipulation
— —
paya bakau pengolahan
manned submersible
—
ketenggelaman terkawal
manpower
—
tenaga manusia
manpower development
—
manpower expenditure
—
manpower planning model
—
manpower planning unit
—
manpower study manpower training manpower training programme manual labour manufacture (to)
— —
-
manufacturer manufactures export
pembangunan tenaga manusia
manufactures sale tax
perbelanjaan tenaga manusia model perancangan tenaga manusia unit perancangan tenaga manusia kajian tenaga manusia latihan tenaga manusia program latihan tenaga manusia buruh kasar mengilang/membuat
manufacturing manufacturing account
216
—
—
—
—
-
—
manufacturing cost
-
manufacturing facility
-
manufacturing industry
-
manufacturing overhead
—
keluaran tenusu perkilangan barang perkilangan/ barang pembuatan pengilang eksport barang perkilangan/ eksport barang pembuatan cukai jualan barang perkilangan/cukai jualan barang pembuatan pembuatan/perkilangan akaun pembuatan/akaun perkilangan kos pembuatan/kos perkilangan kemudahan pembuatan/ kemudahan perkilangan industri pembuatan/ industri perkilangan overhed pembuatan/ overhed perkilangan
manufacturing productivity manufacturing productivity
marginal field
—
daya pengeluaran pembuatan/daya pengeluaran perkilangan
manure
-
baja haiwan
many-valued function
—
fungsi bernilai banyak
map map index map interpretation map of experiment map symbol mapping margin margin amount margin requirement marginal marginal analysis marginal benefit marginal borrower marginal capital-output ratio marginal concept
-
—
— — —
—
pandu peta pentafsiran peta peta uji kaji simbol peta pemetaan margin; jidar amaun margin keperluan margin sut analisis sut faedah sut peminjam sut nisbah modal-output -sut
—
konsep sut
-
syarat sut
marginal cost
—
kos slit
marginal cost curlve
—
keluk kos sut
—
penentuan harga kos sut
marginal cost pricing marginal cost pricing principle marginal costing
peta
—
—
marginal condition
marginal curve marginal damage marginal demand price marginal disutility of work marginal efficiency of capital marginal efficiency of investment marginal employment marginal expense marginal extraction cost marginal factor cost marginal field 217
-
-
— — — — —
—
— — — —
prinsip penentuan harga sut penentuan kos sut/ pengekosan sut keluk sut ganti rugi sut harga permintaan sut kebosanan bekerja sut kecekapan modal sut kecekapan pelaburan sut guna tenaga sut belanja sut kos pengekstrakan sut kos faktor sut kawasan telaga marginal
marginal firm
marginal firm marginal frequency marginal group marginal import Lost marginal income marginal input cost marginal land marginal marginal marginal marginal
net revenue physical product pricing probability
marginal product marginal product curve marginal product of labour elasticity marginal productivity marginal productivity theory marginal productivity of capital
marginal rate of substitution
—
firma marginal
—
frekuensi sut/kekerapan sut
— — —
—
—
daya pengeluaran modal sut
— — — —
— — —
—
—
daya pengeluaran sut input
—
daya pengeluaran buruh sut
input
marginal productivity of labour
kumpulan sut kos import sut pendapatan sut kos input sut tanah pinggir hasil bersih sut keluaran fizikal sut penentuan harga sut probabiliti sut/kebarangkalian sut keluaran sut keluk keluaran sut keanjalan keluaran sut buruh daya pengeluaran sut teori daya pengeluaran sut
—
marginal productivity of
marginal productivity theory of distribution marginal profit marginal propensity to consume marginal propensity to import marginal propensity to invest marginal propensity to save marginal propensity to spend marginal propensity to tax marginal rate marginal rate of substitution 218
—
— -
—
—
—
—
—
— -
teori pengagihan daya pengeluaran sut untung sut kecenderungan mengguna sut kec~nderunganmengimport suE kecenderungan melabur suE kecenderungan menabung sut kecenderungan membelanja sut kecenderungan mencukai sut kadar suE kadar penggantian sut
marginal rate of technical substitution
marginal rate of technical substitution marginal rate of time preference marginal rate of transformation marginal recycling cost marginal resource product marginal returns marginal revenue marginal revenue curve marginal revenue product marginal sacrifice marginal social cost marginal social rate of substitution marginal social benefit marginal tax rate marginal theory of distribution marginal utility
—
—
—
market
kadar penggantian teknik sut
marginal value of resource marginal value product
—
keluaran nilai sut
kadar keutamaan masa sut
marginal wage
-
upah sut
marginalism
—
marginalisme
marginalist
—
pemaham marginal
—
marijuana
kadar transformasi sut
nilai sumber sut
-
—
kos pengitaran semula sut
marijuana
—
keluaran sumber sut
marine exploration
—
can gali samudera
pulangan sut
—
—
marine food resource
sumber makanan laut
—
hasil sut
marine mammal marine mineral resource
—
keluk hasil sut
—
keluaran hasil sut
— — —
— — —
-
marine mining marine resource marine transport marital status mark-down price mark-up inflation mark-up price mark-up pricing marked cheque market
pengorbanan sut kos sosial sut kadar penggantian sosial sut faedah sosial sut kadar cukai sut teori agihan sut utiliti sut 219
— —
— — — — — — — — —
mamalia samudera sumber mineral samudera perlombongan samudera sumber laut pengangkutan samudera taraf perkahwinan harga luak inflasi tokok harga tokok penentuan harga tokok cek bertanda pasaran; pasar
market adjustment process market adjustment process market allocation market area market area analysis market capitalism market classification market clearing price market conduct market demand market demand curve market dimension market economy market equilibrium market failure market force market franchise market glut market imperfection market information market mechanism market news
market stability
—
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
proses penyesuaian pasaran
market organization market oriented economy
peruntukan pasaran kawasan pasaran analisis kawasan pasaran
market outlook market penetration market performance market period market place market potential market power market price market range market regulation market research market run market share approach
kapitalisme pasaran pengelasan pasaran harga penjelasan pasaran gelagat pasaran permintaan pasaran keluk permintaan pasaran dimensi pasaran ekonomi pasaran keseimbangan pasaran kegagalan pasaran tekanan pasaran francais pasaran jebak pasaran ketaksempurnaan pasaran maklumat pasaran mekanisme pasaran berita pasaran
market sharing market size market solution market stability 220
—
— — — — — — —
— — — —
— —
— -
organisasi pasaran ekonomi berorientasikan pasaran gambaran pasaran penyusupan pasaran prestasi pasaran tempoh pasaran pasar potensi pasaran kuasa pasaran harga pasaran julat pasaran peraturan pasaran penyelidikan pasaran jangka masa pasaran pendekatan bahagian pasaran pembahagian pasaran saiz pasaran penyelesaian pasaran kestabilan pasaran
market structure
market structure market symmetry market system market trend market value market-oriented market-share solution
Markov autoregressive scheme
struktur pasaran
marketing cost
—
kos pemasaran
marketing decentralization
—
desentralisasi pemasaran
—
simetri pasaran sistem pasaran
marketing development
—
kemajuan pemasaran
—
arah aliran pasaran
marketing efficiency
—
kecekapan pemasaran
—
nilai pasaran
marketing function
—
fungsi pemasaran
—
orientasi pasaran
marketing information
—
maklumat pemasaran
marketing margin
—
margin pemasaran
—
—
marketability
—
penyelesaian bahagian pasaran kebolehpasaran
marketable security
—
sekuriti boleh pasar
marketable surplus
—
marketed surplus
—
lebihan boleh pasar lebihan dipasarkan
marketing
—
marketing marketing marketing marketing marketing marketing marketing
agency aid board channel charge control cooperative
—
— —
— — — —
marketing orders and agreement
—
peraturan dan perjanjian pemasaran
marketing practice
-
amalan pemasaran
marketing quota
—
kuota pemasaran
pemasaran
marketing research
-
penyelidikan pemasaran
agensi pemasaran
marketing system marketing technology
—
sistem pemasaran
-
teknologl pemasaran
marketing test
-
ujian pemasaran
marketing weight
—
Markov analysis
—
berat pemasaran analisis Markov
—
skim autoregresi Markov
alat pemasaran lembaga pemasaran saluran pemasaran caj pemasaran kawalan pemasaran koperasi pemasaran
Markov autoregressive scheme 221
-
material input
Markov chain
Markov chain Markov process
rantaian Markov proses Markov
mass-transportation
-
—
sifat Markov
master plan
—
—
pengangkutan besarbesaran pelan induk
—
sampel induk
-
—
Markov property Markovian decision model
—
model keputusan Markov
master sample
Markovian decision policy
—
dasar keputusan Markov
master schedule
proses keputusan Markov
master scheduling matching
Markovian decision process
—
Markovian decision rule
—
Marshallian stability Marxian economics Marxist
— — —
Marxist development Marxist theory of economics mass consumption mass media mass production mass transit system
—
—
— — —
—
peraturan keputusan Markov kestabilan Marshall ekonomi Marx fahaman Marx; pemaham Marx pembangunan fahaman Marx teori ekonomi fahaman Marx penggunaan besar-besaran media am; sebaran am pengeluaran besar-besaran
—
pemadanan/penjodohan
-
pemadanan duit syiling
matching problem
— —
masalah pemadanan proses pemadanan
—
peraturan pemadanan
material
—
matan; bahan
material account
—
akaun bahan
material balance
—
imbangan bahan
material material material material material material 222
penjadualan induk
matching penny matching process matching rule
sistem pengangkutan besar-besaran
jadiial induk
—
balance equation balance model cost extraction fact input
— — — — -
persamaan imbangan bahan model imbangan bahan kos bahan pengekstrakan bahan fakta matan input bahan
material oriented industry
material oriented industry
maximization of profit
—
industri berorientasikan bahan
material processing
—
pemprosesan bahan
material production
—
pengeluaran bahan
material reuse
—
material shortage material use materiality maternity mathematical economics mathematical expectation mathematical function mathematical model mathematical planning approach mathematical programming mathematical programming model mathematical statistics mathematical term
—
penggunaan semula bahan kekurangan bahan
—
kegunaan bahan
— —
— — — — —
—
—
— —
mathematics of response matrix matrix form matrix multiplication matrix operation matrix transition maturation period mature economy maturing agent maturity maturity claim maturity date maxima maximand maximim - maximin strategy maximization maximization concept maximization condition maximization of efficiency maxim ization of profit
kematanan keibuan ekonomi matematik jangkaan matematik fungsi matematik model matematik pendekatan perancangan matematik pemprograman matematik model pemprograman matematik statistik matematik sebutan matematik 223
— — — —
matematik gerak balas matriks bentuk matriks pendaraban matriks
—
operasi matriks peralihan matriks tempoh kematangan ekonomi matang agen mematang kematangan tuntutan kematangan tarikh kematangan maksima maksiman maksimin strategi maksimin pemaksimuman konsep pemaksimuman syarat pemaksimuman pemaksimuman kecekapan
—
pemaksimuman untung
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
maximization of satisfaction
maximization of satisfaction maximizing maximizing output maximum maximum average net revenue maximum cost input array maximum financial profit maximum likelihood estimate maximum likelihood estimation maximum likelihood estimator maximum output maximum point maximum rate maximum social well-being
meandering river
-
— — — -
-
-
-
—
-
— —
pemaksimuman kepuasan
maximum sustainable yield
—
memaksimumkan memaksimum output maksimum hasil bersih purata maksimum tatasusunan kos input maksimum untung kewangan maksimum anggaran kebolehjadian maksimum penganggaran kebolehjadian maksimum penganggar kebolehjadian maksimum output maksimum titik maksimum kadar maksimum kesejahteraan sosial maksimum
maximum throughput
—
truput maksimum
maximum value
—
nilai maksimum
maximum yield
-
kadar hasil maksimum
mayor
—
mean mean absolute deviation mean annual flood mean annual rainfall
—
datuk bandar mm
-
sisihan mutlak mm
-
mm
banjir tahunan
-
hujan tahunan mm
mean convergence
—
penumpuan mm
mean deviation
—
sisihan mm
mean of an array
—
mm
mean mean mean mean mean
recurrence time sea level squares squares error temperature
mean value theorem meandering river 224
kadar hasil boleh kekal maksimum
— — — — — —
tatasusunan
masa berulang mill aras laut mm ganda dua mm ralat ganda dua mm suhu mm teorem nilai mm sungai berliku-liku
means-tested transfer payment
means-tested transfer payment measurable quality measure of central tendency measure- of central value measure of change measure of sale tax measurement measurement error measurement of capital measurement of economic development measurement of export instability measurement of surplus meat meat condemnation meat consumption meat consumption pattern meat export
—
-
—
—
—
— — — —
-
— — — — — —
mediation bayaran pindahan teruji mm
meat grade meat import
kualitm boleh ukur
meat inspection
-
pemenksaan daging
ukuran kecenderungan memusat
meat packing
-
pembungkusan daging
meat peddler
—
penjaja daging
meat pricing
—
meat processing
—
penentuan harga daging pemprosesan daging
meat production
-
pengeluaran daging
meat purveyor
-
ukuran nilai tengah ukuran perubahan ukuran cukai jualan pengukuran/penyukatan ralat pengukuran pengukuran modal pengukuran pembangunan ekonomi pengukuran ketakstabilan eksport pengukuran lebihan daging pembuangan daging penggunaan daging pola penggunaan daging eksport daging
meat retailing mechanical power mechanization mechanized accounting mechanized agriculture mechanized economy media median median line median voter medmation 225
—
-
— — — — — —
gred daging import daging
pembekal daging jualan runcit daging kuasa mekanik penjenteraan perakaunan bermesin pertanian gunajentera ekonomi guna jentera media median
—
garisan median pengundi median
—
pengantaraan
- —
-
medical centre
medical centre medical expense medical technology medicare medieval town medium crude oil medium fraction medium of exchange medium term plan megalopolis member bank memoryless property mercantile mercantilism mercantilist mercaptan merchandise merchandise balance merchandise inventory
metalled road
— — — — — — — —
-
— — — — — -
—
pusat perubatan belanja perubatan teknologi perubatan jagaan perubatan bandar zaman pertengahan minyak mentah sederhana pecahan sederhana media pertukaran
merchandise item merchant merchant bank merchant credit mercury merger merger movement merit goods merit rating merit wants mesosphere metagame analysis metal metal dust metal exchange metal exploration company metal fume fever metal industry metal road metalled road
rancangan jangka pertengahan megalopolis bank ahli sifat tanpa ingatan merkantil merkantilisme pemaham merkantil merkaptan barang niaga; dagangan imbangan dagangan inventori barang niaga/ inventori dagangan 226
— — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
butir dagangan saudagar bank saudagar kredit saudagar raksa penyatuan pergerakan penyatuan barang merit pengkadaran merit kehendak merit mesosfera analisis metagam logam debu logam bursa logam syârikat cari gali logam demam wasap logam industri logam jalan turap jalan berturap
metallogenic province metallogenic province metallurgy meteor meteoric water metering of discharge metering of effluent metering of population activity methane methane gas methemoglobinemia method of collection method of control method of instrumental variable method of issue method of moment method of principle component methodology methoxychlor
middle class society
— — — — — — —
—
— — -
— —
— — —
daerah metalogen metalurgi meteor air meteor penyukatan buangan penyukatan efluen penyukatan aktiviti penduduk metana
methyl mercaptan methyl mercury metropolitan area metropolitan area government metropolitan city metropolitan dominance metropolitan town micro data sets microeconomic planning
gas metana metemoglobinemia kaedah pemungutan kaedah pengawalan kaedah pemboleh ubah alat
—
227
raksa metil
—
kawasan metropolitan
—
—
kerajaan kawasan metropolitan bandar raya metropolitan
-
kuasa kawalan metropolitan bandar metropolitan
—
set data mikro
—
perancangan mikroekonomi
—
dasar mikroekonomi
microeconomic problem
—
masalah mikroekonomi
microeconomics
—
mikroekonomi
microfinance
—
mikrokewangan
middle class middle class society
pengkaedahan metoksiklor
—
—
mid-year population —
merkaptan metil
microeconomic policy
microscreen mid term review
kaedah terbitan kaedah momen kaedah komponen prinsip
—
—
— — —
mikroskrin kajian semula separuh penggal populasi pertengahan tahun kelas menengah masyarakat kelas menengah
middle-run forecast
middle-run forecast middleman midpoint formula
mineral production
—
ramalan jangka pertengahan
miller
-
pengilang
—
orang tengah
milorganite
—
milorganit
mm-max model minable coal
midpoint of interval
—
formula titik tengah titik tengah jeda
migrant
-
penghijrah
migrant labour
-
buruh penghijrah
migrant remittance
-
pengiriman luar (wang)
migration
—
pengh~rahan
migration problem
-
masalah penghijrahan
migration response function
-
migratory bird
—
fungsi gerak balas penghijrahan burung berhijrahan
military settlement
—
penempatan tentera
military zone milk assembly milk consumption milk marketing milk marketing order milk production milk production function
-
— — — — — — —
-
model minimum-maksimum arang batu boleh lombong
mine drainage
—
saliran lombong
mine spoil
-
bahan sisa lombong
miner’s asthma
—
asma pelombong
mineral availability
—
mineral deed
—
mineral examination division
zon tentera pengumpulan susu penggunaan susu pemasaran susu peraturan pemasaran susu pengeluaran susu fungsi pengeluaran susu
mineral fertilizer mineral fuel mineral industry mineral nutrient mineral production 228
—
—
— —
—
— —
ketersediaan galian/ ketersediaan mineral surat ikatan galian/surat ikatan mineral bahagian pemeriksaan galian/bahagian pemenksaan mineral baja galian/baja mineral bahan bakar galian/ bahan bakar mineral industri galian/mndustri mineral zat makanan mineral pengeluaran mineral
mineral resource
mineral resource mineral rights mineralised fluid mineralogical threshold mini-hydro power plant minimal field minimal liveweight minimal sufficient statistic minimax minimnax decision
mining area
—
sumber mineral hak galian/hak mineral
—
bendalir bermineral
-
ambang mmneralogi
-
loji kuasa minihidro
—
-
medan minimum berat hidup minimum
—
statistik cukup minimum
—
minimaks
—
-
keputusan minimaks
minimax risk
—
risiko minimaks
minimax solution
—
minimax strategy
—
minimax test minimization minimizing cost minimum minimum cost diet minimum cost of production
— — — — —
penyelesaian minimaks strategi minimaks ujian minimaks peminmmuman meminimum kos minimum diet kos minimum kos pengeluaran minimum
minimum deposit requirement minimum mean squares error minimum mean squares error estimator minimum profit minimum reserve requirement minimum value minimum variance estimator minimum variance unbiased estimator minimum wage
—
minimum wage legislation
—
minimum wage rate minimum yield method
229
—
—
—
—
— -
—
—
— -
minimum-lot size zoning
—
mining area
—
keperluan deposit minimum ralat ganda dua mm minimum penganggar ralat ganda dua mm minimum untung minimum keperluan rizab minimum nilai minimum penganggarvarians minimum penganggar tak bias varians minimum upah minimum perundangan upah minimum kadar upah minimum kaedah hasil minimum pengezonan saiz lot minimum kawasan lombong
mining coal
mining coal mining economics mining hole mining industry mining land mining lease mining method mining resource minor minor alteration minor axis minor road minority control minority group minority interest misallocation miscellaneous contractor misclassification missing information missing point discontinuity missionary school
mixed-integer programming
— — — — — — — —
— — — —
— — — —
perlombongan arang batu ekonomi perlombongan lubang lombong industri perlombongan tanah lombong pajakan lombong kaedah perlombongan sumber perlombongan minor; kecil; bawah umur pindaan kecil paksi pendek jalan kecil penguasaan minoriti
misstatement mitigating factor mix distribution mixed autoregressivemoving average model mixed cut mixed dwelling zone mixed economy mixed enterprise system mixed estimation mixed factorial experiment mixed farming mixed forest mixed model mixed random variable
kumpulan minoriti kepentingan minoriti penyalahuntukan kontraktor pelbagai
mixed sampling mixed strategy mixed zone
tersilap pengelasan maklumat hilang ketakselanjaran titik hilang sekolah mubaligh
mixed-integer programming 230
— — — —
— — — —
— — — —
— — — -
salahnyataan faktor pelegaan taburan campuran model campuran autoregresif purata bergerak potongan campuran zon kediaman campuran ekonomi campuran sistem perusahaan campuran penganggaran campuran uji kaji faktorial campuran pertanian campuran hutan campuran model campuran pemboleh ubah rambang campuran pensampelan campuran strategi campuran zon campuran pemprograman integer campuran
mobile source
mobile source mobility mobilization modal class interval mode of public planning model model building model evaluation model formulation model of agricultural household model of response model specification model study model town model validation model verification modern algebra modernization modernized parity
moment generating function
— —
— —
—
punca bergerak mobiliti mobilisasi jeda kelas mod kaedah perancangan awam model pembinaan model penilaian model
modification modified bessel function modified chi-squares modified exponential curve modified Koyck transformation modular modular system module modulus of elasticity moi~tadiabatic moist adiabatic lapse rate
pembentukan model model isi rumah pertanian
-
model gerak balas spesifikasi model kajian con toh bandar contoh pengesahan model pengesahan model
—
algebra moden
molybdenum Tnoment moment coefficient
pemodenan pariti dimodenkan/ kesetaraan dimodenkan
moment generating function
— — — — -
— -
moisture-retaining agent
231
—
—
— — — —
—
— — —
—
pengubahsuaian fungsi bessel terubahsuai khi ganda duaterubahsuai keluk eksponen terubahsuai transformasi Koyck terubahsuai modular sistem modular modul modulus keanjalan adiabatik lembap kadar lelap adiabatik lembap agen membendung kelembapan molibdenum momen koefisien momen/pekali momen fungsi penjanaan momen
monopic firm
monetarist monetarist
—
pemaham kewangan
money economy
—
ekonomi wang
monetary asset
—
aset kewangan
money flow
—
aliran wang
monetary authority
—
autoriti kewangan
money illusion
—
maya wang
monetary economics
—
ekonomi kewangan keseimbangan kewangan
money income
—
—
-
pengaruh kewangan
monetary equilibrium monetary influence monetary policy monetary sector monetary system monetary union monetary unit monetization monetizing money money at call money broker money capital money changer money creation money demand
— — — —
— — —
— — — —
— — —
money market money multiplier
dasar kewangan sektor kewangan sistem kewangan kesatuan kewangan
wang wang panggilan broker wang modal wang penukar wang penciptaan wang permintaan wang 232
pendapatan wang pasaran wang
—
pengganda wang
money order
—
kiriman wang
money price
—
harga wang
money supply
—
penawaran wang
money veil money wage money-wage rate money wage system monic polynomial monohank monochloroacetic acid monoglyceride monogram industry monop monopic firm
unit kewangan pengewangan mengewangkan
—
— — — — — — — —
selindungan wang upah wang kadar upah wang sistem upah wang polinomial monik monobank asid monokioroasetik monogliserida industri monogram monop firma monopik
monopolization
monopolization monopolist monopolistic competition monopolistic exploitation monopolistic firm monopolistic market monopoly monopoly commission monopoly control monopoly effect monopoly power monopoly price monopsonistic competition monopsonistic exploitation monopsony monosodium glutamate monotone likelihood ratio monotonic transformation monotonically decreasing function
mortality study
— — — — — — —
— — — — —
— — —
— —
pemonopolian pemonopoli persaingan bermonopoli eksploitasi bermonopoli firma bermonopoli pasaran bermonopoli monopoli suruhanjaya monopoli kawalan monopoli
monotonically increasing function monotonicity monsoon forest monsoon season
kesan monopoli kuasa monopoli harga monopoli persaingan bermonopsoni eksploitasi bermonopsoni monopsoni monosodium glutamat nisbah kebolehjadian ekanada
233
fungsi kenaikan ekanada
—
monotonisiti
—
hutan monsun musim monsun
Monte Carlo method
—
kaedah Monte Carlo
Monte Carlo simulation
—
simulasi Monte Carlo
monthly average
—
purata bulanan
monthly temperature
-
suhu bulanan
Moove-Punrase inverse
—
songsang Moove-Punrase
moral constraint
—
moral persuasion
—
konstren moral/kekangan moral pujukan moral
moral philosophy
—
falsafah moral
morbidity
—
tak sihat
morbidity rate
—
kadar berpenyakitan
morphology of growth
—
morfologi pertumbuhan
mortality mortality rate mortality study
transformasi monotoni fungsi berkurangan ekanada
—
—
— — —
kematian kadar kematian kajian kematian
multi-decision problem
mortgage
mortgage mortgage credit mortgage debenture mortgage debt load mortgage foreclosure mortgage of land mortgage placement fee mortgage register mortgage term mortgagor most efficient estimator most powerful test most probable value most-favoured-nation treatment motivation motor vehicle motor vehicle license tax motor vehicle tax
— —
-
— —
— — — — —
— — —
-
motor-fuel tax mould mountain forest mountain valley movement along curve moving average moving equilibrium moving expense moving range moving seasonal variation moving total moving vehicle moving weight
gadai janji kredit gadai janji debentur gadai janji beban hutang gadai janji penutupan gadai janji gadaijanji tanah bayaran penempatan gadaijanji daftar gadai janji tempoh gadai janji penggadaijanji penganggar paling cekap ujian paling kuasa nilai paling mungkin layanan negara keutamaan
moving-observer technique
motivasi/dorongan kenderaan bermotor cukai lesen kenderaan bermotor cukai kenderaan bermotor
multi-attribute utility theory multi-currency multi-decision problem
234
— — — — — — — — — — —
-
—
—
cukai minyak motor kulapuk hutan gunung lurah gunung pergerakan sepanjang keluk purata bergerak keseimbangan bergerak belanja bergerak julat bergerak variasi bermusim bergerak jumlah bergerak kenderaan bergerak wajaran bergerak teknik pencerap bergerak/ teknik pemerhati bergerak Leon utiliti berbagai-bagai ciri berbagai-bagai mata wang masalah berbilang keputusan
multi-factorial design
multi-factorial design
multinational corporation
multi-part pricing
-
multi-phase sampling
—
reka bentuk berbilang faktorial tanaman benbilang tuai perancangan berbilang tingkat keluk frekuensi berbilang mod/keluk kekerapan berbilang mod perancangan berbilang objektif penentuan harga berbilang bahagian pensampelan berbilang fasa
—
projek air pelbagai guna
multi-harvest crop multi-level planning multi-modal frequency curve multi-objective planning
multi-purpose water project multi-sectoral planning model multi-stage production multi-step method multi-valued choice multi-valued decision
—
— —
—
-
-
—
multicollinearity multidimensional distribution multidimensional estimator multidimensional paradigm multilateral assistance multilateral contract
-
—
-
—
multilateral free trade
-
multilateral trade
-
multimarket equilibrium
—
model perancangan berbilang sektor
multimarket stability
—
pengeluaran berbilang peringkat
multinational
—
multinational corporation
—
kaedah berbilang langkah pilihan berbilang nilai keputusan berbilang nilai 235
kekolinearan berbilang taburan berbilang dimensi penganggar berbilang dimensi paradigma berbilang dimensi bantuan berbilang hala kontrak berbilang hala perdagangan bebas berbilang hala perdagangan berbilang hala keseimbangan berbilang pasaran kestabilan berbilang pasaran multinasional/berbilang negara perbadanan multinasional/ perbadanan berbilang negara
multiplier model
multinoniial distribution multinomial distribution
—
taburan multinomial
multiple exchange rate
—
kadar tukaran berbilang
multinomial expansion
-
kembangan multinomial
multiple goal
—
berbilang matlamat
kaedah keputusan berbilang objektif
multiple input multiple nucleitheory
—
input berbagai-bagai
tarif berbilang bahagian fungsi permintaan berbilang tempoh
multiple production function
multiobjective decision method multipart tariff multiperiod demand function multiperiod model multiperiod production function multiperiod supply function
-
-
-
—
-
multiperiod utility function
—
multiplant monopoly
-
multiple multiple correlation multiple correlation coefficient multiple exchange
— -
—
—
model berbilang tempoh
multiple root multiple sampling plan
fungsi pengeluaran berbilang tempoh
multiple solution
—
fungsi penawaran berbilang tempoh
multiple stage sale tax
—
fungsi utiliti berbilang tempoh
multiplicative decomposition method multiplicative process multiplicative seasonal variation multiplier multiplier effect multiplier formula multiplier model
monopoli berbilang loji berganda/berbilang korelasi berbilang koefisien korelasi berbilang/pekali korelasi berbilang pertukaran berbilang 236
— —
teori nukleus berganda fungsi pengeluaran berganda punca berganda rancangan pensampelan berbilang penyelesaian berbilang
-
cukai jualan berbilang tahap kaedah penguraian berdaraban proses berdaraban variasi bermusim berdaraban pengganda kesan pengganda formula pengganda
-
model pengganda
—
— —
-
multiplier process
multiplier process multiplier-accelerator interaction model multiplier-accelerator model multiplier-accelerator process multipoint input and output multiproduct
municipal sale tax
-
-
-
—
—
—
multiproduct inventory
—
multipurpose survey
—
multiregional programming model multirespon multisectoral programming model multiserver multistage analysis multistage decision process
—
— —
—
— —
proses pengganda
multistage sampling
—
model saling bertindakan pengganda pencepat
multistate tax compact
—
multivariate analysis
—
multivariate distribution
—
model pengganda-pencepat proses pengganda-pencepat input dan output berbilang titik pelbagai keluaran
multivariate generating function multivariate linear regression model multivariate normal distribution multivariate process
inventori pelbagai keluaran kaji selidik pelbagai guna model pemprograman berbilang wilayah berbagai-bagai tindak balas model pemprograman berbilang sektor berbilang pelayan
municipal municipal bond municipal income tax
analisis berbilang tahap proses keputusan berbilang tahap
municipal revenue municipal sale tax 237
—
—
—
—
— —
-
— —
pensampelan berbilang tahap perjanjian cukai berbagaibagai negeri analisis berbilang pemboleh ubah taburan berbilang pemboleh ubah fungsi penjana berbilang pemboleh ubah model regresi linear herbilang pemboleh ubab taburan normal berbilang pemboleh ubah proses berbilang pemboleb ubah bandaran bon perbandaran cukai pendapatan perbandaran hasil perbandaran cukai jualan perbandaran
municipal water supply
municipal water supply municipality mutagenic compound mutagenic effect mutilate cheque
mutually exclusive event
—
bekalan air bandaran perbandaran kompaun mutagen kesan mutagen
—
cek lusuh
— — -
mutual fund mutual saving bank mutual security administration mutually exclusive event
238
— — -
—
dana bersama bank simpanan bersama pen tadbiran keselamatan bersama peristiwa saling menyingkiri
n-person game
National Petroleum Advisory Council
N n-person game n-person zero-sum game n-state Markov chain n-step transition probability naive hypothesis naphthalene naphthalene hydrocarbon narrative statement natality nation building national accounting national bank national budget policy national capital account national defence natiQnal development planning council
— -
—
—
—
permainan n-orang permainan hasil tambah sifar n-orang rantaian Markov n-keadaan probabiliti peralihan n-langkah/kebarangkalian peralihan n-langkah hipotesis naif
—
naftalena hidrokarbon naftalena
—
penyata naratif kenatalan
—
— — — — — — -
national dividend national dividend of growth national economy national energy policy national expenditure national forest reserve national health service national ideology national income national income account national insurance National Land Code National Land Council national mapping
pembangunan negara perakaunan negara bank nasional dasar belanjawan negara akaun modal negara pertahanan negara majlis perancangan pembangunan negara
national oil policy national output national parameter National Petroleum Advisory Council 239
—
dividen negara dividen pertumbuhan negara ekonomi negara dasar tenaga negara perbelanjaan negara rizab hutan negara perkhidmatan kesihatan negara ideologi kebangsaan pendapatan negara akaun pendapatan negara insurans negara Kanun Tanah Negara Majlis Tanah Negara pemetaan negara
—
dasar minyak negara
— -
— — — — —
— — — — — -
— — —
output negara parameter nasional Majlis Penasihat Petroleum Kebangsaan
national planning
national planning national planning agency national product national production account national real income national security national unity national wealth national-income analysis nationalization nationalize nationalized industry native land natural area natural beauty natural boundary natural brine natural capital natural conservancy natural death
natural resource
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
perancangan negara agensi perancangan negara keluaran negara akaun pengeluaran negara
natural endowment natural feature natural flow doctrine
pendapatan benar negara keselamatan negara perpaduan negara kekayaan negara analisis pendapatan negara pemiliknegaraan memilik negara industri dimiliknegarakan tanah bumiputera kawasan semula jadi keindahan semula jadi sempadan semula jadi larutan garam ash modal semula jadi pemuhiharaan semulajadi kematian biasa
penganugerahan semula jadi
—
sifat semulajadi
natural food toxicant
—
doktrin aliran semulajadi toksikan makanari semulajadi
natural gas
—
gas ash
natural gas deposit
—
deposit gas ash
natural gas liquid
—
cecair gas ash
natural gas output
-
output gas ash
natural growth
—
natural history museum natural landscape natural logarithm natural monopoly natural product natural rate natural rate of growth natural region natural resource 240
—
—
—
—
pertumbuhan semula jadi muzium sejarah semula jadi pemandangan daratan semula jadi
-
logaritma ash monopohi semulajadi
—
keluaran semula jadi
—
— —
— —
kadar semulajadi kadar pertumbuhan semula jadi wilayah semulajadi sumber ash
natural resource commodity
negative-semi definite matrix
natural resource commodity natural resource conservation natural resource development natural resource policy
komoditi sumber ash —
—
needs for achievement motivation
pengekalan sumber alam pembangunan sumber ash
-
doktrin perhu perdagangan
negative area
—
kawasan negatif
—
korelasi negatif
—
dasar sumber ash
natural scarcity
—
kekurangan semuha jadi
negative definite matrix
natural water course
—
laluan air semulajadi
negative easement negative feedback negative feedback loop
—
radioisotop terjadi sendiri rizab alam semulajadi
navigation
—
pelayaran
near money
-
necessary and sufficient condition necessary condition necessities exemption needs needs for achievement
—
—
— —
— —
negative income tax negative investment negative planning negative role negative saving negative time preference negative-definite matrix negative-semi definite matrix
wang hampir syarat perlu dan cukup syarat perlu pengecuahian barang keperhuan keperluan keinginan pencapaian 241
dorongan keinginan pencapaian/motivasi keinginan pencapaian
need-of-trade doctrine negative correlation negative definite
naturally occuring radioisotope natural reserve
—
— -
— — —
— — — — — -
pasti negatif matriks pasti negatif perolehan hak negatif maklum balas negatif gelung maklum balas negatif cukal pendapatan negatif pelaburan negatif perancangan negatif peranan negatif tabungan negatif keutamaan masa negatif matriks negatif-pasti matriks negatifsepara pasti
negotiable bill negotiable bill negotiable certificate of deposit negotiable instrument negotiable order of withdrawal negotiated bill negotiated price negotiation negotiation with externality neighbourhood neighbourhood centre neighbourhood concept neighbourhood planning neighbourhood unit neighbouring land neoclassical model neo-colonialism neo-imperiahism neo-natal mortality rate
net charge
—
— —
— — —
-
— — — — -
— —
— —
bil boleh niaga sijil deposit boleh niaga alatan boleh niaga perintah keluar wang boleh runding bil terniaga harga terunding perundingan
neoclassical neoclassical economic theory neoclassical economics neoclassical growth model neoclassical paradigm nepotism Nerhove’s partial adjustment model nerve gas nested classification nested sampling net
perundingan dengan eksternaliti kejiranan pusat kejiranan konsep kejiranan perancangan kejiranan unit kejiranan tanah berhampiran
—
— —
— — — —
ekonomi neokiasik model pertumbuhan neoklasik paradigma neokiasik nepotistne model pelarasan separa Nerlove gas saraf pengelasan tersarang pensampelan tersarang bersih
net capital
-
kadar syarat perdagangan bersih modal bersih
-
pembentukan modal bersih
net charge 242
—
neokiasik teori ekonomi neokiasik
—
net capital ratio net change
neoimperiahisme kadar kematian neonatal
-
net barter terms of trade
net capital formation
model neokiasik neokolonialisme
—
-
nisbah modal bersih perubahan bersih
—
caj bersih
—
net deficit
net deficit net density net domestic product net earning net export net farm income net foreign investment net income net interest net investment net investment product net loss net marginal recycling cost
neutrality approach
— — —
— — — —
defisit bersih kepadatan bersih keluaran dalam negeri bersih
net premium net present value net price net private domestic investment net product net productivity net profit net regression net reproduction rate net residential density net surplus
perolehan bersih eksport bersih pendapatan ladang bersih pelaburan asing bersih pendapatan bersih bunga bersih pelaburan bersih keluaran pelaburan bersih rugi bersih kos pengitaran semula sut bersih kehuaran negara bersih perolehan kendalian bersih
net operating loss
—
kerugian kendahian bersih
net operating profit
—
untung kendahian bersih
net value added net worth net worth statement net worth tax network network model network of roads neutral time preference
net output
-
output bersih
neutrality approach
net national product net operating earnings
— —
— —
243
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — -
premium bersih nilai kini bersih harga bersih pelaburan swasta dalam negeri bersih keluaran bersih daya pengeluaran bersih untung bersih regresi bersih kadar pembiakan bersih kepadatan kediaman bersih lebihan bersih nilai ditambah bersih nilai bersih penyata nilai bersih cukai nilai bersih rangkaian model rangkaian rangkaian jalan keutamaan masa neutral pendekatan kekecuahian
neutrality of money
neutrality of money neutrality of technology change neutron neutron bombardment new copper capacity new deal economics new development new economic order new economic policy new issue market new town corporation new village new world newsprint consumption Neyman-Person lemma nickel nicotine night soil
nominal income
— —
— — —
— —
—
— — — — — — — -
kekecuahian wang kekecuahian perubalian teknologi neutron pembedilan neutron kapasiti tembaga merah baru
niobium nitrate
nitrobenzena nitrogen dioksida
nitrogen fixation
—
penetapan nitrogen
nitrogen oxide
—
nitrogen oksida
nodal region
—
node noise noise abatement noise pollution nominal nominal account nominal bill nominal capital nominal cost nominal damages nominal income 244
niobium nitrat
-
nodal town nodahity
dasar ekonomi baru pasaran terbitan baru perbadanan bandar baru kampung baru dunia baru penggunaan kertas cetak lema Neyman-Pearson nikel nikotin najis
—
—
nitrobenzene nitrogen dioxide
ekonomi penekanan.baru kemajuan baru/ pembangunan baru susunan ekonomi baru
-
—
— -
— — — — — — -
wihayah tumpuan bandar tumpuan pertumpuan nod kebisingan; gangguan peredaan bising pencemaran kebisingan nominal akaun nominal bil nominal modal nominal kos nominal ganti rosak nominal pendapatan nominal
nominal interest rate
nominal interest rate nominal price nominal terms nominal value nominal wage nominee company non-agricultural activity non-agricultural income non-arrival consumption non-bank financial institution non-basic solution non-basic variable non-binding constraint non-commercial energy non-competing group non-consumptive use of water non-controllable variable
non-forfeiture loan
-
— — — — — — -
— —
—
— — — —
-
kadar bunga nominal! kadar faedah nominal harga nominal syarat nominal nilai nominal upah nominal syarikat penama aktiviti bukan pertanian pendapatan bukan pertanian penggunaan tak bersaing institusi kewangan bukan bank penyelesaian bukan basis
non-cumulative dividend non-current asset non-degenerate solution non-degradable pollutant
— -
dividen tak kumulatif aset tak semasa penyelesaian tak merosot bahan pencemar tak boleh punah sisa tak boleh punah/ buangan tak boleh punah
—
non-discrimination
-
tanpa diskriminasi
—
perjanjian tanpa gangguan
non-durable goods non-economic factor non-economic problem non-energy mineral resource non-energy sector non-exclusion non-exclusive goods non-forfeiture benefit non-forfeiture loan 245
—
non-degradable waste
non-disturbance agreement
pemboleh ubah bukan basis konstren tak terikat tenaga bukan perdagangan kumpulan tak bersaing penggunaan air bukan konsumtif pemboleh ubah tak boleh kawal
-
-
— —
— — — —
barang tak tahan lama faktor bukan ekonomi masalah bukan ekonomi sumber gahian bukan tenaga/sumber mineral bukan tenaga sektor bukan tenaga. tak kecuahian barang bukan eksklusif faedah tak luncur pinjaman tak luncur
non-fuel mineral resource
non-fuel mineral resource
non-par value
—
non-fuel source of energy non-full employment non-government economy non-human wealth non-linear constraint non-linear correlation non-linear programming non-linear regression non-linear relationship non-market effect non-matching grant non-metal non-metallic mineral non-monetary advantage non-monetary asset non-monetary benefit
sumber galian bukan bahan bakar/sumber mineral bukan bahan bakar
non-monetary cost of migration non-monetary income non-money asset
punca tenaga bukan bahan bakar
-
— —
kos penghijrahan bukan wang pendapatan bukan wang aset bukan wang
—
guna tenaga tak penuh
non-multicollinear regressar
—
ekonomi tanpa kerajaan
non-negative
-
tak negatif
—
kekayaan bukan manusia
non-negativity
-
ketaknegatifan
konstren tak linear korelasi tak linear pemprograman tak linear regresi tak linear perhubungan tak linear kesan bukan pasaran geran tak sepadan bukan logam galian bukan logam/ mineral bukan logam kebaikan bukan kewangan aset bukan kewangan faedah bukan kewangan
non-negativity constraint
—
non-negativity requirement
—
keperluan ketaknegatifan
non-neutrality of money
—
ketakkecualian wang
— — — — — — — — —
— — —
non-neutrality of technological change non-negative constraint non-negotiable bill non-operating expenses non-operational statement non-par value 246
—
—
-
— -
—
peregresi bukan berbilang kolinear
konstren bukan negatif/ kekangan bukan negatif
ketakkecualian perubahan teknologi konstren tak negatif/ kekangan tak negatif bil tak boleh niaga belanja luar kendalian kenyataan tak boleh laksana bukan nilai tara
non-parametric method
non-singular matrix
non-parametric method — non-parametric statistics — non-parametric test — non-pecuniary benefit — non-pecuniary characteris- — tic non-pecuniary element — non-pecuniary externality — non-pecuniary motive non-pecuniary reward non-perfectly competitive market non-phosphate detergent non-plan sector non-point discharge non-price competition non-productive labour non-profit non-profit corporation non-prohibitive tariff
kaedah tak berparameter
—
statistik tak berparameter ujian tak berparameter faedah bukan kewangan ciri bukan kewangan
—
— — —
— — — — —
.
non-proportional growth
-
non-randomized decision
—
pertumbuhan tak berkadaran keputusan tak terambang
-
pinjaman bukan hak tuntut
non-recourse loan non-renewable resource non-residential building
unsur bukan kewangan eksternahiti bukan kewangan motif bukan untuk kewangan ganjaran bukan kewangan pasaran persaingan tak sempurna
non-response non-response to incentive
detergen tanpa fosfat sektor tak dirancang buangan tak berpunca
non-Sayian economics
non-returnable container non-sampling error non-satisfaction non-seasonal autoregressive operator non-seasonal moving average operator non-seasonal operator non-singular distribution non-singular matrix
persaingan bukan harga buruh tak berdaya keluaran tanpa untung perbadanan bukan untung tarif bukan mencegah 247
— — -
—
sumber tak boleh baharui bangunan bukan kediaman tanpa sambutan tanpa sambutan kepada insentif bekas tak boheh dikembahikan
—
ralat bukan pensampelan ketakpuasan
-
ekonomi bukan Say
—
—
—
— —
operator autoregresif tak bermusim operator purata bergerak tak bermusim operator tak bermusim tabur tak singular matriks tak singular
normalized planning technique
non-structural measure non-structural measure
-
non-tariff trade barrier
-
non-totalitarian planning
—
non-traded tie non-traded commodity non-trading concern non-trivial solution non-union wage non-use resource non-utilization of resource non-zero-sum game nonsense correlation norm normal normal activity normal capacity normal cost
—
-
— — — — -
— — — — — —
kawalan bukan berstruktur
normal curve normal distribution
halangan perdagangan bukan tarif perancangan bukan totalitarian hubungan bukan perdagangan
normal equation normal form of analysis normal goods normal growth pattern normal price normal probability curve
barangan bukan dagangan usaha bukan perdagangan penyelesaian tak trivial upah tanpa berkesatuan sumber tidak diguna tanpa penggunaan sumber permainan hasil tambah bukan sifar korelasi karut norma normal aktiviti normal kapasiti normal kos normal
keluk normal taburan normal
—
persamaan normal
—
analisis bentuk normal barang normal
—
pola pertumbuhan normal
—
—
harga normal keluk probabiliti normal/ keluk kebarangkahian normal
normal production
—
pengeluaran normal
normal profit
—
untung normal
normal rate of profit normal returns
— —
normal subgroup
—
normal variable
—
normalization rule normalized distribution normalized planning technique 248
—
—
— —
—
kadar untung normal pulangan normal subkumpulan normal pemboleh ubah normal peraturan penormalan taburan ternormal teknik perancangan ternormal
normality
normality normative analysis normative economics normative planning normative statement normed linear space north-west corner method north-west corner rule not negotiable not transferable notation note note issue notice of assessment notice of demolition notice of lien notice of purchase nuclear electricity nuclear energy nuclear explosive
null vector
— — — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — — — —
kenormalan analisis normatif ekonomi normatif perancangan normatif kenyataan normatif ruang linear bernorma kaedah penjuru barat laut peraturan penjuru barat laut tak boleh niaga tak boleh pindah milik tatatanda nota; wang kertas; catatan
nuclear nuclear nuclear nuclear nuclear
fertile material fission fission power fission product fission reaction
nuclear nuclear nuclear nuclear nuclear
fusion power reactor technology waste
nucleated settlement nuisance abatement nuisance damage nuisance industry nuisance parameter null hypothesis null set null space null vector
terbitan wang kertas notis taksiran notis roboh notis lien notis behian elektrik nuklear tenaga nuklear peletup. nuklear 249
— — — —
— — — — —
— — — — — — —
bahan subur nuklear pembelahan nuklear kuasa pembelahan nuklear hasil pembelahan nuklear tindak balas pembelahan nuklear pelakuran nuklear kuasa nuklear reaktor nuklear teknologi nuklear sisa nukhear/buangan nuklear penempatan berkumpul redaan menyakat kerosakan menyakat industri menyakat parameter gangguan hipotesis nol set nol ruang nol vektor nol
nullification
nullification nullify (to) nullity numeraire numerator numerical numerical example
nutritional value
— — — — —
pembatalan membatalkan kenolan num~raire pengatas berangka contoh berangka
numerical method numerical solution numerical value nursery school nutrition nutritional supplement nutritional value
250
— — — — — —
kaedah berangka penyelesaian berangka nilai berangka taman didikan kanak-kanak pemakanan tambahan pemakanan nilai pemakanan
obesity cure
oceanic rock
0 obesity cure
—
objective
—
objective function objective of taxation
— —
obnoxious facility
-
observation
—
observation error
—
observation period
—
observed frequency
—
obsolescence obsolescence of housing obsolete obsolete housing area obsolete land occasional service occupancy.
— — — — — — —
pemuhihan kegemukan
occupancy problem
—
occupancy rate
—
masalah penghunian kadar penghunian
—
cukai huni
-
penghuni; penduduk
occupancy tax occupant
objektif fungsi objektif objektif pencukaian
occupation occupation time
—
kemudahan bahaya pemerhatian/pencerapan ralat pencerapan/ralat pemerhatian
occupational classification occupational crowding occupational distance occupational diversity occupational hazard occupational lease occupational mobility occupational noise exposure occupational safety ocean oceania oceanic exploitation oceanic rock
tempoh pemerhatian/ tempoh pencerapan frekuensi tercerap/ kekerapan tercerap keusangan keusangan perumahan usang kawasan perumahan usang tanah usang perkhidmatan tak berkala penghunian 251
— — — — — -
— — —
pekerjaan masa penghunian; masa kerja pengelasan pekerjaan kesesakan pekerjaan jarak pekerjaan pelbagaian pekerjaan bahaya pekerjaan pajakan pekerjaan mobihiti pekerjaan dedahan kebisingan pekerjaan keselamatan pekerjaan lautan oseania eksploitasi lautan batuan lautan
octane improvement
octane improvement octane number octopus town
oil glut
—
—
pembaikan oktana
odd number
—
off-farm
—
luar kawasan ladang
—
luar musim
—
letak kereta luarjalan
off-season off-street parking off-farm income offer curve offer price office office office office office
call complex decentralization development dispersal
office space official balance official rate of exchange official residence offshore
-
pendapatan luar ladang
—
keluk tawaran
— — — — — — — — — —
—
nombor oktana bandar kurita nombor ganjil
-
offshore mineral resource
offshore mining offshore oil development
252
—
perlombongan tengah laut pembangunan minyak tengah laut
offshore rig count
—
kiraan pelantar tengah laut
ogive
—
ogif
oil cartel oil concession oil conservation policy oil consumption oil demand oil depletion policy oil embargo oil equivalent oil field oil field brine
harga tawaran panggilan pejabat kompleks pejabat pemencaran pejabat pembangunan pejabat kekaran pejabat ruang pejabat baki rasmi kadar pertukaran rasm.i kediaman rasmi tengah laut
—
sumber gahian tengah laut/sumber mineral tengah laut
— — —
kartel minyak konsesi minyak dasar pengekalan minyak penggunaan minyak
oil gasification
-
permintaan minyak dasar kesusutan minyak sekatan minyak kesamaan minyak kawasan telaga minyak larutan garam kawasan minyak penggasan minyak
oil glut
—
jebak minyak
— — — — —
oil industry
once-through cooling
oil industry
—
industri minyak
oil output
—
output minyak
—
oil pollution act oil producer behaviour oil production oil reference price oil refinery
oil-coal substitution
-
akta pencemaran minyak
oil-importing country
—
negara pengimport minyak
—
kelakuan pengeluar minyak
oil-in-place
-
minyak dalam tempat
—
pengeluaran minyak
oil-producing country
—
negara pengeluar minyak
-
harga rujukan minyak
Okuris law
-
hukum Okuris
—
loji penapisan minyak
old age benefits old age pension system
—
jaminan masa tua sistem pencen usia tua
old folks home
—
rumah orang tua kediaman orang tua
—
oil reserve
—
oil resource
—
rizab minyak sumber minyak
—
hasil minyak
old person dwelling
—
—
syal minyak
ohigopolist pricing
—
-
tumpahan minyak penemuan minyak
oligopolistic industry
—
—
oil revenue oil shale oil spill oil strike oil supply
—
penawaran minyak
oil taxation
—
pencukaian minyak
oil trade effect
—
kesan perdagangan minyak
oil trap
—
perangkap minyak
oil well
—
telaga minyak
oil-based industry
—
industri berdasarkan minyak
oligopoly oligopsonistic buying omitted variable on balance property tax on shore on-the-job training once-through cooling 253
penggantian minyak-arang batu
penentuan harga peoligopoli
—
industri beroligopoli oligopoli
—
pembelian beroligopsoni
—
pemboleh ubah tersingkir
— — — -
cukai harta benda atas baki daratan latihan semasa kerja pendinginan sekahi lalu
one variable input model
one variable input model one way classification one-period ahead one-period inventory model one-sided test one-step forecast error one-step transition probability one-tailed test one-to-one correspondence one-way analysis of variance one-way traffic online system onshore exploration onto mapping open access resource open account open account credit
open pit
-
model satu input berubah
open agriculture
-
—
pengelasan sehala
open air recreation
—
—
satu tempoh ke hadapan
—
model inventori setempoh
open air theatre open area
-
ujian satu hujung
open cast mining
-
ralat ramalan selangkah probabiliti peralihan selangkah/kebarangkalian peralihan selangkah ujian satu hujung kesepadanan satu sama satu anahisis varians sehala jalan sehala sistem dalam talian
open cheque
—
cek terbuka
open class interval
—
jeda kelas terbuka
open corporation
—
perbadanan terbuka
open dump
—
kawasan sampah terbuka
— -
—
— — —
— -
open economy open end investment open ground open open open open open open
can gali atas darat pemetaan liput sumber laluan terbuka akaun terbuka kredit akaun terbuka
indent inflation level crossing market market operation neighbourhood
open pit 254
-
-
pertanian terbuka lipur din di luar/ rekreasi di luar panggung terdedah kawasan lapang perlombongan dedah
-
ekonomi terbuka pelaburan terbuka
—
tanah lapang
—
— — — — — — —
inden terbuka inflasi terbuka lintasan rata terbuka pasaran terbuka operasi pasaran terbuka kejiranan terbuka lombong dedah
open planning
open planning open public space open residential development
operational manager
—
perancangan terbuka
—
ruang lapang awam
-
open sea fishing
-
open segment concept
—
open sequential scheme open shop open space open stock open-end mortgage bond open-ended class open-ended question open-market policy open-pit mining opening entry opening stock operating activity operating characteristic
pembangunan huni jarang; pembangunan kediaman terbuka penangkapan ikan laut terbuka konsep tembereng terbuka
—
skim jujukan terbuka tubuhan terbuka ruang lapang stok terbuka hon gadai janji terbuka kelas hujung terbuka soalan terbuka dasar pasaran terbuka lombong terbuka catatan pembuka stok permulaan aktiviti kendalian
—
ciri pengendalian
— — — — — — — — — — —
operating characteristic curve operating characteristic function operating cost
keluk ciri kendahian
—
fungsi ciri kendalian
—
kos kendalian
operating cycle
—
kitaran kendalian
operating expense
—
belanja kendalian
operating income operating margin operating ratio operation bootstrap operation theatre operational efficiency operational framework operational hypothesis operational model operational research operational variable operational zone operational manager 255
—
— —
pendapatan kendalian margin kendalian
—
nisbah kendalian operasi sumber minimum bilik pembedahan kecekapan pengendalian rangka pengendalian hipotesis boleh kendall model pengendalian penyelidikan pengendalian pemboleh ubah pengendalian zon pengendalian
—
pengurus pengendalian
— — — — — — -
operations research
optimal resource allocation
operations research
-
penyelidikan pengendalian
optimal control theory
—
teori kawalan optimum
operations room
—
bilik gerakan
optimal decision
—
keputusan optimum
operative plan
—
opiate
—
pelan kendali opiat
optimal deduction optimal distribution
kaji selidik pendapat peluang kos melepas doktnin kos melepas kerugian melepas
optimal economic growth
—
optimal extraction policy
-
optimal factor combination
—
optimal generation
—
optimal grazing system
-
opinion survey opportunity opportunity cost opportunity cost doctrine opportunity loss opportunity rate of returns opportunity returns optimal allocation of function optimal batch size model optimal combination of inputs optimal combination of resources optimal community size optimal control model
— — —. —
— — —
kadar pulangan melepas pulangan melepas peruntukan fungsi optimum
-
model saiz kumpulan optimum kombinasi input optimum
—
—
— —
optimal output optimal plan optimal policy
— —
— — —
optimal pollution control
—
kombinasi sumber optimum
optimal rate of extraction
-
saiz komuniti optimum model kawalan optimum
optimal resource allocation
—
256
potongan optimum pengagihan optimum pertumbuhan ekonomi optimum dasar pengekstrakan optimum gabungan faktor optimum! kombinasi faktor optimum penjanaan optimum sistem ragut optimum output optimum rancangan optimum dasar optimum kawalan pencemaran optimum kadar pengekstrakan optimum peruntukan sumber optimum
optimal service level
order
optimal service level
—
optimal solution
—
optimal stopping rule
—
optimal structure optimal tax structure optimal taxation
tingkat perkhidmatan optimum penyelesaian optimum
optimum land use optimum output
peraturan pemberhentian optimum
-
struktur optimum struktur cukai optimum
optimum population theory optimum product combination
—
pencukaian optimum
optimum resource use optimum rotation optimum size option option dealing option demand option in reduction of discharge option money option value optional payment orcharding order
—
optimality
—
keoptimuman
optimization
—
pengoptimuman
optimization model
—
model pengoptimuman
optimizing monopolist optimum optimum combination of factors optimum consumption optimum currency area optimum depletion rate
-
pemonopoli mengoptimum optimum
-
kombinasi faktor optimum
—
penggunaan optimum
—
optimum population
—
kawasan mata wang optimum kadar kesusutan optimum
optimum forecast
—
ramalan optimum
optimum inventory
-
inventori optimum
—
257
-
guna tanah optimum output optimum
—
penduduk optimum
-
teori penduduk optimum
-
-
—
— — — — -
— — — —
kombinasi keluaran optimum kegunaan sumber optimum pusingan optimum saiz optimum opsyen urus niaga opsyen permintaan opsyen opsyen dalam pengurangan buangan wang opsyen nilai opsyen bayaran boleh pihih pendusunan pesanan; susunan; penintah/arahan
order book
organizer
order book
—
buku pesanan
ore deposit
—
deposit bijih
order cheque
—
cek perintah
ore mineral
—
galian bijih!mineral bijih
-
syarat taraf peringkat penumpuan
—
fungsi penjagaan tertib
organic chemical organic composition of capital organic farming
order condition order of convergence order preserving function order statistics ordered contingency table ordered difference ordered field ordered pair ordered series ordered variable ordinal utility ordinary charge ordinary derivative ordinary least squares estimator ordinary least-squares ordinate
—
— —
— — — — — — —
—
— —
statistik tertib jadual kontingensi bertertib perbezaan bertertib medan bertertib pasangan bertertib sin bertertib pemboleh ubah bertertib utiliti ordinal caj biasa terbitan biasa/derivatif biasa penganggar ganda dua terkecil biasa ganda dua terkecil biasa ordinat
organic production organic town organic waste organization organization chart Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) organization of production organizational behaviour organizational goal organizational structure organized market organizer 258
-
bahan kimia organik kandungan modal organik
-
pertanian organik
—
pengeluaran organik
-
— —
— — —
— — — — — —
bandar tumbuhan buangan organik/sisaan organik organisasi carta organisasi Organisasi Negara-Negara Pengeksport Petroleum organisasi pengeluaran kelakuan organisasi matlamat organisasi struktur organisasi pasaran teratur pengelola
organophosphate pesticide
organophosphate pesticide origin origin and destination survey (traffic) origin principle original bill original cost original surface soil originating document orthodox approach orthodox planning orthogonal complement orthogonal matrix orthogonal projector orthogonal regression orthogonal variable orthonormal orthonormal basis oscillation osmosis Otto cycle -
outline plan
— —
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
racun perosak organofosfat alasan kaji selidik mana ke mana (lalu lintas) prinsip asalan bil asal kos asal tanah permukaan asal dokumen berasalan pendekatan ortodoks perancangan ortodoks pelengkap ortogonal matriks ortogonal projektor ortogonal regresi ortogonal pemboleh ubah ortogonal ortonormal asas ortonormal alunan; ayunan osmosis kitaran Otto
—
bangunan luar
—
kerja luar
-
natijah
outcome of experiment
-
natijah uji kaji
outdated cheque
—
cek mati tarikh
outdoor recreation
—
rekreasi luar/lipur din luar
—
kawasan luar
out building out door work outcome
outer area outer control line outer measure
—
garisan kawalan luar ukuran luar
outer product
-
hasil darab luar
outer ring road
—
jalan keliling luar
outflow
—
aliran ke luar
outlay constraint
—
outlet outlet area outline outline map outline plan 259
—
— —
-
-
konstren perbelanjaan! kekangan perbelanjaan peruncit; saluran keluar kawasan saluran keluar bagan; garis kasar; rangka peta rangka pelan rangka
over-valued currency
outline planning application
output gains
-
permohonan perancangan rangka kebenaran perancangan rangka pelan rangka wilayah output koefisien output/pekali output konstnen output kontur output kos output kesan output keanjalan output laluan pengembangan output laba output
output growth
-
pertubuhan output
output harvest
—
tuaian keluaran
—
pemaksimuman output
over-capitalization
—
titik output kuantiti output
over-the-counter market
—
over-valued currency
—
outline planning application outline planning permission outline regional plan output output coefficient output output output output output output
constraint contour cost effect elasticity expansion path
output maximization output point output quantity
—
—
— —
— — -. — -
-
output ratio output regulation output-capital ratio output-input ratio outside audit outside debt outside money outskirt outstanding farm credit outward expansion outward-oriented trade policy
over identified equation
—
over bridge over flow over identification
260
-
— — — — — — —
-
-
nisbah output peraturan output nisbah output-modal nisbah output-input audit luar hutang luar wang luar pinggiran; pinggir kredit ladang belum bayar perkembangan ke luar dasar perdagangan berorientasikan pandang ke luar jambatan atas limpahan; limpah pengenalpastian berlebihan persamaan terlebih kenal pasti permodalan berlebihan pasaran atas-kaunter mata wang terlebih nilai
overall cost overall cost overall importance overall model overall plan overa’l planning overapplied overhead overcapacity overcrowding overdraft overdrawn overdue overdue bill overexploitation overfishing overgrazing overhead bridge overhead cost overhead expense overinvestment overlapping sampling unit
owner
— — — — — — — — — — — -
-
— — — — —
kos keseluruhan kepentingan keseluruhan model keseluruhan pelan keseluruhan perancangan keseluruhan overhed guna lebih kapasiti berlebihan penuh sesak overdraf ambil terlebih lampau tempoh bil lampau tempoh eksploitasi berlebihan penangkapan ikan berlebihan peragutan berlebihan
overpopulated zone overpopulation overpressure overproduction •overseas earning overseas income taxation
jejantas kos overhed belanja overhed pelaburan berlebihan unit pensampelan bertindih
overtime premium overtime work overvaluation owned capital owner
overseas investment overseas oil company overseas payment overspill overspill area overspill population oversupply overt collusion overtime
261
— — — -
— — — —
— — —
zon penduduk berlebihan penduduk berlebihan tekanan melampau pengeluaran Ierlebihan perolehan luar negeri pencukaian pendapatan luar negen pelaburan luar negeri syarikat minyak luar negeri pembayaran luar negeri limpahan kawasan limpahan penduduk limpahan penawaran berlebihan kesepakatan ternyata lebih masa premium Iebih masa kerja lebih masa lebih nilaian modal milikan pemilik
owner equity
owner equity owner occupier owner’s deficit owner’s equity owner’s risk ownership ownership cost ownership externality ownership goal oxalate oxidant oxidation pond oxy-catalyst
ozonization
— — — — — — — — — —
pemilik ekuiti penghuni pemilik kurangan pemilik ekuiti pemilik risiko pemilik pemilikan kos pemilikan eksternaliti pemilikan matlamat pemilikan oksalat pengoksida kolam pengoksidaan oksimangkin
oxygen oxygen depletion oxygen poisoning oxygen-demanding waste oxyhaemoglobin oyster creek plant oyster shell ozonation ozone depletion ozone layer ozonization
262
—
oksigen kesusutan oksigen peracunan oksigen buangan oksigen dituntut oksihemoglobin tumbuhan tiram caruk/ tumbuhan tiram alur kulit tiram pengozonan kesusutan ozon lapisan ozon
—
pengozonan
— — — —
— — —
Paasche formula
parallel plan
P Paasche formula Paasche index packaging packer packer administration packer market packer plant sales packer-buyer packer’s brand packers and stockyards act packer’s consent decree packing packing plant paid-up capital pain cost (real cost) pair-wise independent
— — — — — -
—
—
— —
—
formula Paasche indeks Paasche pembungkusan pembungkus (orang) pentadbiran pembungkus pasaran pembungkus jualan loji pembungkus pembeli-pembungkus jenama pembungkus akta pembungkusan dan stokyard dekri persetujuan pembungkus membungkus; pembungkusan loji pembungkusan modal berbayar kos benar
paired observation
—
paired sample
—
paired-difference test
—
palletization
-
pempaletan
panel
-
panel
paper mill
—
kilang kertas
paper money
-
wang kertas
paper recycling par of exchange par value parabola parabolic conic section paradigm paradox paradox of identification paradox of thrift paradox of value parallel plan
tak bersandar demi pasangan 263
— —
— — —
— — — —
pemerhatian berpasangan/ pencerapan berpasangan sampel berpasangan ujian perbezaan berpasangan
pusingan semula kertas tars pertukaran nilai tara parabola keratan kon parabola paradigma paradoks paradoks pengenalpastian paradoks berjimat paradoks nilai rancangan selari
parallel planning
parallel planning parameter parameter fitting parametric Constant parametric function parametric programming parametric restriction paraoxon parathion parcel of land parent account parent population Pare tian school Pareto criterion Pareto efficiency Pareto efficient solution Pareto improvement Pareto optimal Pareto optimal redistribution Pareto optimality
parity price programme
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
—
perancangan selari parameter pemadanan parameter pemalar berparameter fungsi berparameter pemprograman berparameter pembatasan berparameter paraokson
Pareto optimum
paration keping tanah akaun induk populasi induk mazhab pemikiran Pareto kriteria Pareto kecekapan Pareto penyelesaian cekap Pareto pembaikan Pareto optimum Pareto pengagihan semula optimum Pareto keoptimuman Pareto 264
Pareto relevant Pareto relevant externality
—
optimum Pareto
Pareto safety
—
berhubungan Pareto eksternaliti berhubungan Pareto keselamatan Pareto
Pareto-safe compensation
—
pampasan selamat Pareto
pareto-safety approach
-
Pareto’s law
—
pendekatan keselamatan Pareto hukum Pareto
parish territory
-
wilayah mukim
parity
-
parity firm price
—
parity income
-
parity price
—
parity price index
—
parity price programme
-
— —
pariti/kesetaraan harga firma pariti/harga firma kesetaraan pendapatan pariti/ pendapatan kesetaraan harga pariti/harga kesetaraan indeks harga pariti/ indeks harga kesetaraan program harga pariti/ program harga kesetaraan
parity ratio
partial derivative
parity ratio
-
park
—
taman
parking bay
—
ruang letak kereta
—
lot letak kereta
—
pembatasan letak kereta
parking lot parking restriction parking space
—
parking standard
—
parking survey parliamentary system parsimonious model parsimony part-time farming partial partial adjustment
— — —
— — —
partial adjustment model
—
partial analysis
—
nisbah pariti/nisbah kesetaraan
partial autocorrelation function
ruang letak kereta piawai letak kereta
partial budgeting
—
partial correlation
—
partial correlation coefficient
kaji selidik letak kereta sistem berparlimen model parsimoni parsimoni berladang sambilan separa/sebahagian pelarasan separa/ pelarasan sebahagian model pelarasan separa/ model pelarasan sebahagian analisis separa/analisis sebahagian 265
—
—
partial correlogram
—
partial curve
-
partial decision tree
-
partial derivative
-
fungsi autokorelasi separa/ fungsi autokorelasi sebahagiafl pembelanjawanan separa/ pembelanjawanan sebahagian korelasi separa/korelasi sebahagian koefisien korelasi separa/ pekali korelasi separa/ koefisien korelasi sebahagian/pekali korelasi sebahagian korelogram separa/ korelogram sebahagian keluk separa/keluk sebahagian pokok keputusan separa/ pokok keputusan sebahagian terbitan separa/terbitan sebahagian
partial differentiation
partitioned matrix
partial differentiation
—
partial monopoly
—
pembezaan separa/ pembezaan sebahagian penghitungan separa/ penghitungan sebahagian keseimbangan separa/ keseimbangan sebahagian analisis keseimbangan separa/analisis keseimbangan sebahagian pecahan separa/pecahan sebahagian keseimbangan pasaran separa/keseimbangan pasaran sebahagian monopoli separa
partial enumeration
—
partial equilibrium
—
partial equilibrium analysis
—
partial payment
-
bayaran sebahagian
partial fraction partial market equilibrium
partial regression coefficient
partial sum
—
—
—
—
partially balanced incomplete block
-
partially-ordered set participation loan participation rate particle particular equilibrium particular equilibrium analysis particular expense curve particular integral particular solution particulate particulate matter partition (land) partition of sample space partition set partitioned matrix
koefisien regresi separa/ pekali regresi separa/ koefisien regresi sebahagian/pekali regresi sebahagian hasil tambah separa/hasil tambah sebahagian 266
—
— — — — —
• —
— — — — — — — —
blok tak lengkap terimbang separa/blok tak lengkap terimbang sebahagian set tersusun separa/set tersusun sebahagian pinjaman penyertaan kadar penyertaan zarah keseimbangan tertentu analisis keseimbangan tertentu keluk perbelanjaan tertentu kamilan tertentu penyelesaian tertentu zarahan jirim zarahan pecah bahagian pembahagian ruang sampel set pemetakan matriks berpetak
partnership
payment mechanism
partnership
—
perkongsian
partnership approach
—
pendekatan perkongsian
partnership insurance partnership method Pascal’s triangle passenger traffic passer-by passive balance passive balance of trade passive-role pasture conservation pasture-livestock response patent patent law patent monopoly paternalism paternalistic welfare function
— —
— -
— -
—
— — —.
pathogen pathogenic bacteria patron patron member patronage patronage rebate patronage refund patronage refunds exclusion principle pattern
insurans perkongsian kaedah perkongsian segi tiga Pascal lalu lintas penumpang orang lalu imbangan pasif imbangan perdagangan pasif peranan pasif pemuliharaan padang rumput ternakan gerak balas padang rumput ternakan paten undang-undang paten monopoli paten fahaman keayahan fungsi kebajikan paternal
pattern of multicollinearity paved area paved road pay scale pay to the order of payee payer paying bank payment payment mechanism 267
— — — — — — -
—
— — — — — —
patogen bakteria patogen pelanggan ahli pelanggan langganan; penaung rebat langganan bayaran balik langganan prinsip pengecualian bayaran balik langganan pola; bentuk; corak; rupa susunan pola berbilang kekolineran kawasan berturap jalan berturap skel gaji bayar ikut perintah penerirna pembayar bank pembayar pembayaran; bayai-an mekanisme pembayaran
payment terms
payment terms payoff matrix payroll payroll tax payroll tax rate peak peak flow peak production peak-hour traffic peak-load pricing peaking power Pearson’s coefficient of skewness peasant proprietorship peasant society peat swamp forest pecuniary economy pecuniary effects pecuniary externality
pentachiorophenol
— — —
syarat pembayaran matriks ganjaran senarai gaji cukai gaji kadar cukai gaji puncak aliran puncak
—
pengeluaran puncak lalu lintas masa sesak penentuan harga beban masa puncak kuasa memuncak koefisien kepencongan Pearson/pekali kepencongan Pearson keempunyaan petani masyarakat tani hutan paya gambut ekonomi kewangan kesan kewangan
—
eksternaliti kewangan
—
— -
— —
pecuniary reward
—
ganjaran kewangan
pedestrian
-
pejalan kaki
pedestrian movement
—
pergerakan pejalan kaki
pedestrian precinct pedestrian ways pegging pelagic environment pelagic fish pelagic sediment pen-feeding penalty penalty cost penalty model pencil shrink penicillin pension pension fund pension plai~ pension reform pentachlorophenol 268
—
kawasan jalan kaki laluan jalan kaki pancangan persekitaran pelagik ikan pelagik enapan pelagik makan di kandang
—
denda/penalti
— — —
—
kos denda model penalti susut-berat pensel penisilin pencen dana pencen rancangan pencen reformasi pencen
—
pentaklorofenol
— — — — — — —
per annum per annum per capita per capita crowding cost per capita food consumption per capita income per capita service cost per unit perceived noise decibel percentage cumulative distribution percentage distribution percentage ogive percentage trend method percentage-equalization grant percentile percentile range
performance level
— —
—
-
— -
-
-
—
—.
—
setahun/per tahun per kapita kos kesesakan per kapita
perception distortion percolation basin perennial crop perfect perfect competition
penggunaan makanan per kapita pendapatan per kapita kos perkhidmatan per kapita
perfect elasticity perfect forecast perfect inelasticity perfect information
seunit/per unit desibel bunyi ditanggap taburan kumulatif peratusan
perfect knowledge perfect market perfect stability perfect substitute perfectly competitive industry perfectly competitive market perfectly discriminating monopolist performance bond performance level
taburan peratusan ogif peratusan kaedah arah aliran peratusan geran peratusan penyamaan seperseratusan/persentil julat persentil/julat seperseratusan 269
— — —
— —
—
— — — -
—
-
—
pengeliruan tanggapan tadahan penyerapan tanaman saka sempurna persaingan sempurna keanjalan sempw-na ramalan sempurna ketakanjalan sempurna maklumat sempurna pengetahuan sempurna pasaran sempurna kestabilan sempurna pengganti sempurna industry persaingan sempurna pasaran persaingan sempurna pemonopoli berdiskriminasi sempurna bon prestasi tingkat prestasi
performance prediction performance prediction performance report performance stage period analysis period of production periodic periodic chain periodic function periodic replacement method periodic review inventory periodic state periodic system periodic tenancy periodicity peripheral region periphery periphery of town perishable agricultural commodities act
perpetual debenture
— — — — — — — —
—
— — — —
—
—
penelahan prestasi laporan prestasi tahap prestasi analisis tempoh tempoh pengeluaran berkala rantaian berkala fungsi berkala kaedah penggantian berkala model inventori kajian semula berkala
perishable goods permanent consumption
—
barang mudah rosak penggunaan tetap
permanent forest reserve
—
rizab hutan kekal
permanent income analysis
—
permanent income approach permanent income component doctrine permanent income hypothesis permanent monopoly permanent resident permissable development
keadaan berkala sistem berkala sewaan berkala keberkalaan
permitted development permutation permutation test peroxybenzol nitrate perpetual annuity perpetual bond perpetual debenture
wilayah pinggir pinggir pinggir bandar akta komoditi pertanian mudah rosak 270
—
—
—
—
— —
— —
— — — — —
analisis pendapatan tetap pendekatan pendapatan tetap doktrin komponen pendapatan tetap hipotesis pendapatan tetap monopoli kekal penghuni temp pembangunan boleh dibenarkan pembangunan dibenarkan pilih aturan ujian pilih aturan nitrat peroksibenzol anuiti kekal bon kekal debentur kekal
pet shop
persistence
persistence
—
ketegaran
persistence of dualism
—
ketegaran dualisme
persistence of migration
-
ketegaran penghijrahan
persistence of pollutant persistent recurrent event
— —
personal income level
-
personal income tax
-
ketegaran bahan pencemar peristiwa berulang berterusan
personal interest personal interview
—
tingkat pendapatan perseorangan cukai pendapatan perseorangan kepentingan peribadi temu bual perorangàn; temu duga perorangan
persistent state
—
keadaan berterusan
personal investment
-
pelaburan persendirian
person-years lived
-
orang tahun hidup
personal loan
-
pinjaman persendirian
personal
—
personal property
-
harta benda persendirian
personal property tax
-
personal saving
-
personal size distribution
-
personal tax
—
cukai perseorangan
—
rancangan perspektif
-
kawalan perosak
pesticide
-
racun perosak
pet shop
—
kedai haiwan didik
personal account
—
persendirian; peribadi; perseorangan; perorangan akaun perorangan
personal capacity
-
kapasiti perseorangan
personal capital
—
modal persendirian
personal consumption personal debt personal deduction of income tax personal income personal income distribution
— —
—
-
penggunaan persendinan hutang peribadi potongan cukai pendapatan perseorangan
perspective plan pest control
pendapatan perseorangan agihan pendapatan perseorangan 271
cukai harta benda persendirian tabungan persendirian agihan pendapatan perseorangan
photochemical reaction
petrochemical petrochemical
—
petrokimia
petrochemical product
—
keluaran petrokimia
petrol filling station
—
stesen pam petrol
petroleum
-
petroleum
petroleum development act petroleum discovery petroleum economics petroleum engineering petroleum exporting country
—
—
-
-
-
petroleum refinery control
—
petroleum refining
—
kawalan loji penapisan petroleum penapisan petroleum
—
peraturan petroleum
-
cukai hasil petroleum
—
teknologi petroleum
petty cash
—
tunai runcit
phase
—
petroleum regulation petroleum revenue tax petroleum technology
akta pembangunan petroleum penemuan petroleum ekonomi petroleum
—
fasa pemeringkatan pembangunan pelan pemeringkatan fenol feromon
Phillips curve
—
keluk Phillips
Phillips model
-
model Phillips
phasing of development phasing plan phenol pheromone
kejuruteraan petroleum negara pengeksport petroleum
petroleum geologist
—
ahli geologi petroleum
petroleum industry
-
industri petroleum
petroleum mining act
—
akta perlombongan petroleum keluaran petroleum Akta Pengeluaran Petroleum peraturan pengeluaran petroleum
phosdrin phosphate phosphoric acid phosphorous acid
petroleum product Petroleum Production Act petroleum production regulation
— -
—
photochemical oxidan photochemical reaction 272
-
— — —
— —
fosdrin fosfat asid fosforik asid fosforus pengoksida fotokimia tindak balas fotokimia
photochemical smog
pivot element
photochemical smog
—
photogrammetric engineer
-
photosynthesis physical background physical capital physical condition physical data physical distribution physical environment physical feature physical improvement physical life physical map physical mechanism of response physical planning physical product physical product differentiation physical science
— —
kabut fotokimia jurutera fotogrametri fotosintesis latar belakang fizikal
—
modal fizikal keadaan fizikal data fizikal pengagihan fizikal persekitaran fizikal sifat fizikal; rupa bentuk fizikal pembaikan fizikal hayat fizikal peta fizikal mekanisme gerak balas fizikal perancangan fizikal keluaran fizikal pembezaan keluaran fizikal
—
sains fizikal
— — — — —
— — — —
— —
physiocrats physiographic density physiological need picnic site pictogram pie chart pie graph piece rate (wage) piecemeal development piecemeal plan pig-feeding trial piggy-back hauling Pigou effect Pigovian tax pilot project pilot survey pioneer pione& industry pivot column pivot element 273
— — — — — — — —
— — — — —
fisiokrat kepadatan fisiografi keperluan fisiologi kawasan perkelahan piktogram carta pai grafpai upah ikut kerja pembangunan uncit rancangan uncit percubaan memberi makan babi mengangkut secara kokko kesan Pigou cukai Pigou projek rintis kaji selidik rintis perintis industri perintis kolum pangsi elemen pangsi
pivot operation
pivot operation pivot row pivotal function pivoting algorithm place of assembly place of interest place of occurrence place of residence place of work plan account plan continuity plan formulation plan grid plan implementation plan process plan reference plane planned development planned economy planned replacement
planning domain
-
— — — — — — — — — -
operasi pangsi barisan pangsi fungsian pivot/fungsian pangsi algoritma kepangsian tempat perhimpunan tempat menarik tempat kejadian (lahir) tempat tinggal tempat kerja akaun rancangan keselanjaran rancangan pembentukan rancangan grid pelan pelaksanaan rancangan proses rancangan rujukan pelan satah pembangunan teranckng ekonomi terancang penggantian terancang
planned variation programme
—
program variasi terancang
planning
—
perancangan
planning appeal
—
rayuan perancangan
planning application
-
permohonan perancangan
planning approach planning area
—
planning authority
—
planning base
—
planning bill
—
planning planning planning planning planning
briefs by iteration charge chart commission
planning committee
274
—
— — — —
pendekatan perancangan kawasan perancangan autoriti perancangan asas perancangan rang undang-undang perancangan taklimat perancangan perancangan ikut lelaran caj perancangan carLa perancangan suruhanjaya perancangan
planning control
—
jawatankuasa perancangan kawalan perancangan
planning development
—
perancangan pembangunan
planning domain
—
domain perancangan
—
planning for development planning for development planning framework planning function planning fundamentalism planning grid planning horizon planning inquiry planning instruction planning legislation planning machinery planning margin planning model planning objection planning permission planning policy planning possibility planning power planning practice planning procedure
plastic
perancangan untuk pembangunan rangka kerja perancangan fungsi perancangan fundamentalisme perancangan grid perancangan ufuk perancangan tanya siasat perancangan arahan perancangan perundangan perancangan jentera perancangan margin perancangan
planning programmingbudgeting system (PPBS) planning project
—
piawai perancangan teknik perancangan teori perancangan
planning typology
-
tipologi perancangan
planning in-stages
—
perancangan bertahap
-
model perancangan bantahan perancangan
-
loji; tumbuhan
—
kebenaran perancangan
—
pengelasan tumbuhan
—
— — —
— — — — — — —
—
— — —
—
sistem perancangan pemprograman pembelanjawanan projek perancangan
planning region
—
wilayah perancangan
planning research
—
penyelidikan perancangan
planning restriction
—
sekatan perancangan
planning scheme
—
skim perancangan
planning standard planning technique planning theory
plant plant classification plant layout plant residue planted land
dasar perancangan kemungkinan perancangan kuasa perancangan amalan perancangan tatacara perancangan
planting area plastic 275
—
— —
— — —
— -
susun atur loji sisa tumbuhan kawasan bertanaman kawasan tanaman plastik
plastic deformation plastic deformation platinum platykurtic
polarization
-
—
ubah bentuk plastik
point forecast
—
ramalan titik
platinum platikurtik
point input and output
-
input dan output titik
point of concurrency
—
titik kesetumpuan
plaza
-
please effect
—
plaza kesan mesra
point of contact point of inflection
pledge
—
ikrar
plot
—
plot of land plot ratio plotted variable plough back process plural birth plural society plural voting system pluralism plurality voting point point elasticity point estimate point estimation
—
titik sentuh; titik pertemuan titik Iengkuk balas
point of reference
—
titik rujukan
plot; bidang
point of sale advertising
—
-
bidang tanah nisbah plot
point of sale system
—
sistem di tempatjualan
-
pemboleh ubah terplot
point prediction
-
penelahan titik
proses melabur balik kelahiran kembar masyarakat majmuk sistem pengundian majmuk fahaman kemajmukan pengundian kemajmukan titik; tempat keanjalan titik
point process
—
proses titik
—
— — — — — — —
— -
point source point supply point voting point voting system point-wise convergence poison gas poisoning Poisson distribution polarization
anggaran titik penganggaran titik 276
—
— — -• — —
— — — —
pengiklanan di tempat jualan
punca titik penawaran titik pengundian ikut mata sistem pengundian ikut mats pertumpuan demi titik gas racun peracunan taburan Poisson polarisasi
polarization effect
polarization effect polarization process polarized polarized development polarized region police power policy formation policy guideline policy instrument policy suggestion policy tool policy trade-off policy-evaluation algorithm policy-improvement algorithm political boundary political conflict political consideration political decision making political economy
pollution agent
— — — -
— — — — — — — — —
— — — —
—
kesan polarisasi proses polarisasi terpolarisasi pembangunan terpolarisasi
political implication
tumpuan wilayah kuasa polis pembentukan dasar panduan dasar alat dasar saranan dasar alat dasar trade-off dasar algoritma penilaian dasar algoritma pembaikan dasar
political pressure political process political separation
political party political power
politicking poll tax pollutant pollutee-pays principle polluter regulation polluter-pays principle pollution pollution abatement
sempadan politik pertelingkahan politik pertimbangan politik pembuatan keputusan politik
pollution abatement cost pollution abatement subsidy pollution agent
ekonomi politik 277
—
—
— — —
— — — — — —
— —
—
-
—
implikasi politik/ perkaitan politik parti politik kuasa politik tekanan politik proses politik perpisahan politik/ pengasingan politik berpolitikan cukai kepala bahan pencemar prinsip kena cemar-bayar peraturan pencemar prinsip pencemar-bayar pencemaran pengurangan pencemaran kos pengurangan pencemaran subsidi pengurangan pencemaran agen pencemaran
pollution charge pollution charge pc)llution control pollution permit pollution tax pollution-control cost polycinyl chloride plastic polynomial polynomial lag polynomial relationship pond pond culture pooled t-test pooled variance pooler of risk pooling pooling of cross-section data pooling of risk pooling risk pooling technique poor deposit
population multiplier
—
caj pencemaran kawalan pencemaran permit pencemaran cukai pencemaran kos kawalan pencemaran plastik kiorida polisinil polinomial lat polinomial perhubungan polinomial kolam kultur kolam ujian t terkumpul varians terkumpul pengumpul risiko pengumpulan pengumpulan data keratan lintang pengumpulan risiko risiko pengumpulan teknik pengumpulan
-
deposit miskin
— — — — — -
— — — — — — -
—
population population centre population check population composition population control population correlation coefficient population population map population population population
density distribution doctrine effect equivalence
—
-
penduduk; populasi pusat penduduk sekatan penduduk komposisi penduduk kawalan penduduk koefisien korelasi penduduk/pekali korelasi penduduk kepadatan penduduk peta taburan penduduk
—
doktrin penduduk kesan penduduk kesetaraan penduduk
population explosion
—
ledakan penduduk
population forecast
—
population growth population growth model population movement population multiplier 278
-
—
—
ramalan penduduk pertumbuhan penduduk
—
model pertumbuhan penduduk pergerakan penduduk
—
pengganda penduduk
—
population parameter
post-dated cheque
population parameter
—
parameter populasi
population planning
—
perancangan penduduk
positive economics positive feedback
-
population pressure
—
tekanan penduduk
positive feedback loop
-
population pyramid
—
piramid penduduk
population structure
struktur penduduk
positive ore
-
-
b~jihpositif
population survey
-
kaji selidik penduduk
positive recurrent state
—
keadaan berulang positif
population theory
-
teori penduduk
positive statement
-
pork production function
kenyataan positif
—
positive time preference
—
keutamaan masa positif
fungsi pengeluaran daging babi
porphyry copper
-
kuprum porfiri
portfolio analysis
—
analisis portfolio
portfolio policy
—
dasar portfolio
positioning
—
penempatan
positive analysis
—
analisis positif
positive correlation
-.
korelasi positif
positive-definite quadratic form positive-semi definite matrix
-
-
ekonomi positif maklum balas positif gelung maklum balas positif
bentuk kuadratik positif pasti matriks positif-separa pasti
—
bentuk kuadratik positifsepara pasti positifisme
pasti positif bentuk pasti positif
possibility curve
—
keluk kemungkinan
possible ore
-
bijih mungkin
-
matriks pasti positif
post multiplication
—
pendaraban kemudian
—
perolehan hak positif
post-dated cheque
—
cek tarikh tertunda
positive definite
—
positive definite form
—
positive definite matrix positive easement
positive-semi-definite quadratic form positivism
—
279
—
post-maturity
poverty eradication
post-maturity
—
selepas kematangan
potential energy
—
tenaga berpotensi
post-mortem inspection
—
pemeriksaan post-mortem
potential income
—
potensi pendapatan
post-optimality analysis
—
analisis selepas keoptimuman masalah selepas
potential resource
—
sumber berpotensi
—
potensi pembaikan Pareto
—
penemuan berpotensi
post-optimality problem
—
potential paretoimprovement potentially commercial discovery
keoptimuman postal order posted market
— —
posted price
—
posted price of crude
—
kiriman ~0S pasaran berdaftar
potentially approach
—
harga berdaftar harga berdaftar minyak mentah
pottery town
—
poultry
—
poultry enterprise function
—
probabiliti posterior/ kebarangkalian posterior
poultry farming
—
perusahaan ayam itik
poultry processing
—
pemprosesan ayam itik
kalium ubi kentang
poultry processing facility
—
kawasan berpotensi
poverty
—
kemiskinan
potensi pampasan
poverty area
—
kawasan kemiskinan
potensi persaingan
poverty eradication
—
pembasmian kemiskinan
poster technique
—
teknik poster
posterior distribution
—
taburan terkemudian
posterior probability
-
potassium
-
potatoes potential area potential compensation potential competition
-
perdagangan
280
pendekatan kepotensian bandar perusahaan tembikar ayam itik fungsi perusahaan ayam jtik
kemudahan pemprosesan ayam itik
poverty estimate
poverty estimate poverty group poverty line poverty line income power cost power curve power efficiency power function power of test power reactor power station pragmatic approach praxeology pre-emergence herbicide pre-emergence weed killer pre-emption rights pre-emptive queue pre-historic town pre-industry city pre-multiplication
prediction
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — -
anggaran kemiskinan kumpulan kemiskinan garisan kemiskinan pendapatan garisan kemiskinan kos kuasa keluk kuasa kecekapan kuasa fungsi kuasa kuasa ujian reaktor kuasa stesen jana kuasa pendekatan pragmatik praksiologi racun herba pracambah racun rumpai pracambah hak membeli terdahulu
—
giliran terdahulu bandar prasejarah bandar raya perindustrian
—
prapendaraban
— —
pre-planning pre-testing precautionary demand precautionary motive precedent condition preceding planning precipitation precision precision of estimate preclusive buying precondition for take-off precooling system predator predator-prey fluctuation predatory and exclusionary tactic predetermined variable predicted value predicted yield prediction 281
— — — — — —
-
— — — — —
-
— — —
praperancangan prapengujian awal permintaan awasan motif awasan syarat prajadi perancangan dahulu pemendekan kejituan kejituan anggaran pembelian menghindar prasyarat untuk maju sistem prapenyejukan pemangsa turun naik pemangsamangsa taktik penyingkiran dan pemangsa pemboleh ubah pratentu nilai diramal hasil diramal telahan; penelahan
prediction interval prediction ititerval prediction period prediction problem prediction-realization diagram
price bill jeda penelahan
present discounted value
-
tempoh penelahan
—
masalah penelahan
—
—
nilai kini terdiskaun
present value
—
nilai kini
present value criterion
—
kriteria nilai kini
preservation
-
preference.
—
gambar rajah realisasi penelahan terutama; keutamaan
preference function
—
fungsi keutamaan
preservation order pressured region
—
penyataan keutamaan
pressurized-water reactor
—
kawasan giat reaktor air tertekan
-
proses perbandaran terpilih
prestige
—
prest~j
pelan awal laporan awal
prestige advertising prestige goods
—
pengiklanan prestij
presumption taxation
—
prevention of oil spill
—
preference revelation preferential urbanization
—
preliminary plan
—
preliminary report
—
preliminary survey preliminary work
—
kaji selidik awal kerja awal
prelisting
—
prasenarai
premise
—
tempat
prepaid interest prepayment prepayment privilege present comsumption
—
—
—
preventive replacement price analysis
bunga bayar terdahulu bayaran terdahulu keutamaan bayaran terdahulu penggunaan kini
price appreciation price assumption price behaviour price bill 282
—
-
—
— —
— — — —
pengawetan; pengekalan; pemuliharaan arahan pemuliharaan
barang prestij pencukaian andaian pencegahan tumpahan minyak penggandan pencegahan analisis harga naik nilai harga andaian harga kelakuan harga bil harga
price ceiling
price ceiling
price movement
—
bumbung harga
—
perubahan harga
—
persaingan harga
—
kawalan harga
price expectation
-
jangkaan harga
—
kebolehubahan harga
—
keanjalan permintaan silang harga pemotongan harga
price flexibility
price cycle
-
kitaran harga
price incentive
—
price determinant
—
penentu harga
—
penentuan harga
price increase
—
kenaikan harga
—
pembezaan harga
price index
—
indeks harga
-
diskriminasi harga
price inflation
—
inflasi harga
herotan harga
price leadership price level
-
kepimpinan harga
price change price competition price control price cross-elasticity of demand price cutting
price determination price differential price discrimination
-
price distortion
-
price effect
—
price efficiency price elasticity price elasticity of demand price elasticity of export price elasticity of import
—
kesan harga kecekapan harga
—
keanjalan harga
—
— -
price elasticity of yield price exclusion problem
price fluctuation price formation theory
price limit price line price maker
keanjalan harga permintaan keanjalan harga eksport keanjalan harga import 283
— -
— —
—
keanjalan harga hasil masalah pengasingan harga
turun naik harga teori pembentukan harga insentif harga/galakan harga
tingkat harga had harga
—
garisan harga penentu harga
price mechanism
—
mekanisme harga
price movement
—
pergerakan harga
-
price of related commodity
pricing accuracy problem
price of related commodity
—
price possibility frontier
—
price ratio price received
harga komoditi berkait
price taker
—
penerimaan harga
price theory
—
teori harga
—
arah aliran harga
—
sempadan kemungkinan harga nisbah harga
—
harga diterima
-
ketakpastian harga
price undercutting
-
peletakan harga rendah
price variability
—
kebolehubahan harga
price variation
—
variasi harga
price war
-
perang harga
price weights
-
wajaran harga
pencari harga kepekaan harga
price-consumption curve
-
keluk harga-penggunaan
price-cost margin
—
margin harga-kos
bezaan harga himpitan harga
price-elastic demand
-
permintaan anjal harga
—
—
permintaan tak anjal harga
-
penstabilan harga
—
kestabilan harga
price-species flow mechanism
price reduction
—
price relationship to cost
-
pengurangan harga perhubungan harga dengan kos
price reservation
—
perizaban harga
price revolution
—
revolusi harga
price searcher price sensitivity price spread price squeeze price stabilization price stability price stability concept price support price support programme price system
price trend price uncertainty
— —
—
— — — —
price-inelastic demand
konsep kestabilan harga sokongan harga program sokongan harga sistem harga 284
—
mekanisme aliran harga spesies
price-supply problem
—
masalah harga-penawaran
prices paid
—
harga dibayar
pricing accuracy problem
—
masalah ketepatan penentuan harga
pricing efficiency
prime rate
pricing efficiency
—
pricing for congestion
—
pricing limit pricing method
— —
pricing out
—
pricing policy
—
pricing problem pricing-out problem primal constraint primal problem primal simplex algorithm primal-dual algorithm primary alkyl sulphate primary commodity primary data primary energy carrier primary goods
—
—
— — — — — —
— — —
kecekapan penentuan harga penentuan harga bagi kesesakan had penentuan harga kaedah penentuan harga
primary industry
—
primary product
—
primary production
—
primary recovery
—
penemuan utama
primary reserve
—
rizab utama
primary sector
—
primary sewage treatment
—
penentuan harga margin kecil dasar penentuan harga masalah penentuan harga masalah penentuan harga margin konstren primal masalah primal algoritma simpleks primal algoritma primal dual alkil sulfat utama komoditi utama/barangan utama data utama pembawa tenaga utama barang utama
primary treatment of waster-water
285
—
industri peringkat pertama; industri utama keluaran utama; keluaran peringkat pertama pengeluaran utama; pengeluaran peringkat pertama
sektor utama; sektor peringkat pertama pemulihan kumbahan peringkat pertama pembersihan sisa air peringkat pertama
primate city
—
bandar raya primat
prime cost
—
kos utama
prime cost sum
-
hasil tambah kos utama
prime interest rate
—
kadar bunga utama
prime rate
—
kadar utama
primitive society
primitive society principal principal component principal component analysis principal component method principal country principal diagonal principal minor principle principle of equal advantage principle of increasing risk principle of location principle of most probable future principle of strategy
private contract law
—
masyarakat primitif/ masyarakat kuno pokok, utama komponen utama analisis komponen utama
—
kaedah komponen utama
-
— —
-
negara utama pepenjuru utama minor utama prinsip prinsip faedah sama pertama prinsip risiko bertambahan
-
prinsip letakan
— — — -
—
prinsip masa depan paling mungkin prinsip strategi
principle of substitution
-
prinsip pènggantian
principle of taxation
-
prinsip pencukaian
—
prior distribution
-
taburan terdahulu maklumat terdahulu
-
pembatasan terdahulu
priority
-
keutamaan/prioriti
priority discipline
—
priority queue
-
prior information prior restriction
private private cost private bank private benefit and cost
— —
—
private business enterprise
—
private capital
-
private capital market private company private contract law
286
—
— — -
disiplin keutamaan/ disiplin prioriti giliran keutamaan/ giliran prioriti persendirian; swasta kos persendirian bank swasta faedah dan kos persendirian perusahaan perniagaan swasta modal persendirian; modal swasta pasaran modal persendirian syarikat persendirian undang-undang kontrak persendirian
private domestic investment
private domestic investment private enterprise private expenditure
probability density function
-
—
pelaburan dalam negen swasta
private goods allocation
-
private interest
—
—
pelaburan swasta
private goods
private investment private label (brands) private land market private law private limited company private marginal cost private negotiation private ownership economy private production
-
—
private road private sector private transport private treaty private wants pro-forma statement probabilistic model
label persendirian (jenama) pasaran tanah swasta; pasaran tanah sulit undang-undang swasta syarikat sendirian berhad kos sut persendirian
probability probability axiom
—
perundingan sulit ekonomi pemilikan persendirian
probability density function
—
pengeluaran swasta
—
— — -
-
— —
perusahaan swasta perbelanjaan swasta barang swasta; barang persendirian peruntukan barang persendirian kepentingan persendirian
—
private property private retirement plan
probability density
287
—
— —
-
— — —
— -
—
—
harts benda persendirian rancangan persaraan persendirian jalan persendirian sektor swasta kenderaan persendirian triti persendirian/ perjanjian persendirian kehendak persendirian penyata pro-forma model berprobabiliti/ model berkebarangkalian probabiliti/kebarangkalian aksiom probabiliti/ aksiom kebarangkalian kepadatan probabiliti/ kepadatan kebarang. kalian fungsi kepadatan probabiliti/fungsi kepadatan kebarangkalian
probability distribution
processing profit
probability distribution
—
probability element
—
probability generating function probability integral transformation probability limit probability model probability ratio sequential test
probability space
—
—
—
—
—
—
model probabiliti guna tenaga/model kebarangkalian guna tenaga
taburan probabiliti/ taburan kebarangkalian
probability-of-employment model
.unsur probabiliti/unsur kebarangkalian
probable error
—
ralat mungkin
problem area
—
bidang masalah
problem solving
—
penyelesaian masalah
procedure
—
tatacara
process costing
—
process of abstraction
—
fungsi penjanaan probabiliti/fungsi penjanaan kebarangkalian transformasi kamilan probabiliti/transformasi kamilan kebarangkalian had probabiliti/had kebarangkalian
processed food comsumption
model probabiliti/ model kebarangkalian ujian berjujukan nisbah probabiliti/ujian berjujukannisbah kebarangkalian
penggunaan makanan diproses
—
pemprosesan
processing centre
—
pusat pemprosesan
processing cost
—
kos pemprosesan
processing profit 288
proses abstraksi; proses penyarian
processing
processing loss processing of mineral
ruang probabiliti/ruang kebarangkalian
-
penentuan kos proses/ pengekosan proses
-
kerugian pemprosesan pemprosesan galian/
—
pemprosesan mineral keuntungan pemprosesan
—
processing sector
product transformation curve
processing sector
—
processor (meat packing)
—
procurement pattern
—
alat proses (pembungkus daging) pola perolehan
—
dasar prokitaran
procyclical policy producer
sektor pemprosesan
producer agency act
—
pengeluar; penerbit akta agensi pengeluar
producer behaviour
—
kelakuan pengeluar
producer goods
—
barang pengeluar
—
producer goods tax
—
cukai barang pengeluar
producer risk
—
risiko pengeluar
producer-refiner
—
pengeluar-penapis
producer-refiner integration
—
integrasi pengeluarpenapis
producer’s capital
—
modal pengeluar
producer’s co-operative
—
koperasi pengeluar
producer’s surplus product product account product contour
— — — —
product cost product curve product cycle product differentiation product distribution product exhaustion product exhaustion theorem product group product imputation product life cycle product market product measure product mix product moment product price product safety product tax
lebihan pengeluar keluaran; hasil darab akaun keluaran kontur keluaran
product tax rate product transformation curve 289
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
—
kos keluaran keluk keluaran kitaran keluaran pembezaan keluaran pengedaran keluaran kehabisan keluaran teorem kehabisan keluaran kumpulan keluaran imputasi keluaran kitaran hayat keluaran pasaran keluaran ukuran hasil darab campuran keluaran momen hasil darab harga keluaran keselamatan keluaran cukai keluaran kadar cukai keluaran keluk transformasi keluaran
product value
product value product variation product yield
production plan
—
nilai keluaran
—
variasi keluaran
-
production credit corporation production credit system
hasil keluaran bentuk hasil darab songsang
production decision equation
—
—
perbadanan kredit pengeluaran sistem kredit pengeluaran persamaan keputusan pengeluaran
product-form-of-the-inverse
—
product-moment formula
—
formula hasil darab momen
production elasticity
—
keanjalan pengeluaran
production
—
pengeluaran
production excess burden
-
beban lebihan pengeluaran
peruntukan pengeluaran
production externality
—
production factor
—
—
pembenaran pengeluaran/ elaun pengeluaran blok pengeluaran
—
belanjawan pengeluaran
production allocation production allowance production block production budget production build-up
—
—
production built-up
-
memperbesar pengeluaran peningkatan pengeluaran
production characteristic
—
ciri pengeluaran
production cost
—
kos pengeluaran
production cost of tariff production credit association
—
-
—
production function production function estimation production index production industrial index
kos pengeluaran daripada tarif persatuan kredit pengeluaran 290
—
— —
—
—
eksternaliti pengeluaran faktor pengeluaran fungsi pengeluaran penganggaran fungsi pengeluaran indeks pengeluaran indeks pengeluaran industri
production isoquan
—
production level
-
isokuan pengeluaran tingkat pengeluaran
production line
—
production period
—
tertib pengeluaran tempoh pengeluaran
production plan
—
rancangan pengeluaran
production possibility production possibility production possibility curve production possibility frontier production possibility function
productivity theory of rent
— -
—
-
kemungkinan pengeluaran keluk kemungkinan pengeluaran
production well production-comsumption balance line
sempadan kemungkinan pengeluaran
productive capacity
-
productive input
—
fungsi kemungkinan pengeluaran
— —
production practice
—
amalan pengeluaran
productive potential productive sector
production quota
-
kuota pengeluaraii
productive service
—
production ration
—
catuan pengeluaran
production scheduling
—
penjadualan pengeluaran
productive work unit
—
productivity
—
productivity approach
-
productivity comparison
-
production production contract production production estimate production production curve production
share sharing surface surface table transformation trend
— —
— —
— —
—
bahagian pengeluaran kontrak kongsi pengeluaran permukaan pengeluaran anggaran permukaan pengeluaran
productivity productivity productivity productivity
jadual pengeluaran keluk transformasi pengeluaran arah aliran pengeluaran 291
curve index of livestock theory of rent
— -
— — —
telaga pengeluaran garisan imbangan pengeluaran-penggunaan keupayaan beTdaya keluaran input berdaya keluaran potensi berdaya keluaran sektor berdaya keluaran perkhidmatan berdaya keluaran unit kerja berdaya keluaran daya pengeluaran pendekatan daya pengeluaran perbandingan daya pengeluaran keluk daya pengeluaran indeks daya pengeluaran daya pengeluaran ternakan teori sewa daya pengeluaran
professional
profit tax
professional
—
professional code
—
professional code of ethic
—
professional practice
—
profesional/ikhtisas
profit margin
—
margin untung
kanun profesional/kanun ikhtisas
profit matrix
—
matriks untung
profit maximization
—
pemaksimuman untung
kod etika ikhtisas
profit maximization approach profit maximizing profit maximizing output
amalan profesional/ amalan ikhtisas
profile
-
profit
—
untung; keuntungan
profit and loss account
-
akaun untung rugi
profit and loss statement
-
penyata untung rugi
profit and marketing margin profit apportionment profit composition profit constraint profit function profit identity profit making
—
—
—
pancang ukur tapak; profil
profit planning chart profit rate profit repatriation profit satisfaction profit seeking profit share profit sharing profit sharing bond profit sharing plan profit table profit tax
margin keuntungan dan pemasaran pembahagian untung komposisi keuntungan konstren untung/ kekangan untung
-
fungsi untung identiti untung
—
membuat keuntungan
—
profit maximizing quantity
292
—
— —
-
— — — — — — — — — — —
pendekatan pemaksimuman untung pemaksimuman untung output pemaksimuman untung kuantiti pemaksimuman untung carta perancangan untung kadar untung pemindahan keluar untung pemuasan untung mencari keuntungan bahagian untung perkongsian untung bon kongsi untung rancangan kongsi untung jadual untung cukai untung
profit tax rate
project identification
profit tax rate
—
kadar cukai untung
profitability
—
keberuntungan
profitable
—
beruntung
programme
—
program
programme development map programme evaluation and review technique (PERT) programme map (development) programming model programming of development
—
—
peta kemajuan program
progressive income tax
—
progressive rate
—
progressive scale
—
progressive tax
—
skel progresif cukai progresif
progressive taxation
—
pencukaian progresif
progressiveness in technique
teknik penilaian dan kajian semula program
—
kadar progresif
keprogresifan dalam teknik
progressivity of tax rate
—
prohibition
—
keprogresifan kadar cukai larangan; cegahan
prohibition of litter
—
cegahan sampah-sarap
—
tarif mencegah
-
peta program (kemajuan)
—
model pemprograman pemprograman pembangunan
prohibitive tariff project
wilayah pemprograman
project aids
-
-
cukai pendapatan progresif
—
projek; unjur bantuan projek
programming region
—
progress certificate
—
perakuan kemajuan
project appraisal
—
penilaian projek
progress chart
—
carta kemajuan
project evaluation
—
penilaian projek
progress of science
—
kemajuan sains
pembiayaan projek
—
laporan kemajuan
project finance project formulation
—
progress report
-
pembentukan projek
progressive growth
—
pertumbuhan progresif
project identification
-
pengenalpastian projek
293
project orientation
proportional tax
project orientation
—
orientasi projek
project planning
—
perancangan projek
project proposal
—
cadangan projek
project ranking project selection
— —
—
uji kaji terunjur
projecting scaffold
—
perancah mengunjur
—
pengunjuran; unjuran
promissory note promotion promotive price policy propane propensity propensity to consume propensity to import propensity to invest propensity to save propensity to tax
— —
— — — —
— —
property income property input property of estimator
susunan projek pemilihan projek
projected experiment projection projection line proletariat economy
property property damage
property property property property property
garisan unjuran ekonomi proletariat notajanji promosi, kenaikan pangkat dasar harga galakan propana kecenderungan kecenderungan mengguna kecenderungan mengimport kecenderungan melabur
of hypothesis rights tax tax base tax delinquency
property tax rate property-value study proportion proportional allocation procedure proportional effect proportional growth proportional income tax proportional sacrifice proportional tax
kecenderungan menabung kecenderungan mencukai 294
— -
-
— — — —
— — —
— — — — —
harta benda; sifat kerosakan harts benda pendapatan harta benda input harts benda sifat penganggar sifat hipotesis hak harts benda cukai harta benda asas cukai harts benda pengabaian cukal harta benda kadar cukai harts benda kajian nilai harts benda perkadaran tatacara peruntukan berkadar kesan berkadar pertumbuhan berkadar cukai pendapatan berkadar pengorbanan berkadar cukai berkadar
proportionate proportionate proportionate participation proportionate taxation proposed site proposition proprietor proprietorship proprietory power propulsive propulsive firm
provision shop
— —
bersekadar; ikut kadar penyertaan ikut kadar
protected zone
—
pencukaian ikut kadar tapak cadangan usul empunya keempunyaan kuasa empunya daya rejan firma prejan/firma pendorong galat propil pengkadaran potongan bakal pemaju perancangan prospektif utiliti prospektif kemakmuran kawasan larangan zon larangan
protection
-
perlindungan
propyl galate prorating of deduction prospective developer prospective planning prospective utility prosperity protected area
— —
— — —
— — — — — — —
protection effect protection of minority preference protection of watershed protectionism protective built up area protective effect protective tariff protein protoactinium proton prototype plant proved reserve province provincial capital provincial town provision
295
— —
— — — — — — — — — -
—
-
provision for the future
—
provision shop
—
kesan perlindungan perlindungan keutamaan minoriti perlindungan legeh fahaman perlindungan kawasan binaan terpelihara kesan perlindungan tarif perlindungan protein protoaktinium proton loji prototaip rizab terbukti jajahan ibu kotajajahan bandarjajahan peruntukan; bekalan; runcit peruntukan untuk masa depan kedai runcit
provisional sum
provisional sum provision zone proximity prudent alternative pseudo demand pseudo-randum number
public investment
-
peruntukan sementara zon bekalan hampiran alternatif hemat permintaan palsu angka pseudo rambang
psilocycin
-
psilosisin
psychoanalysis
—
psikoanalisis
psychology
—
psikologi
ptomaine poisoning public address
— — — —
—
peracunan ptomain siaran/ucapan umum
public address system
—
sistem siar raya
public assistance
—
ban tuan awam
public authority
—
public bank public building public consumption public convenience public corporation public debt composition
—
— — — —
— —
autoriti awam bank awam bangunan awam penggunaan awam keselesaan awam perbadanan awam komposisi hutang negara 296
public public public public public public public public public public public public
dining room dividend capital enterprise expenditure facility finance finance problem footpath goods goods allocation goods externality goods pricing
public public public public public public public public
hall health hearing house inquiry institution interest investment
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
bilik makan umum modal dividen awam perusahaan awam perbelanjaan awam kemudahan awam pembiayaan awam masalah pembiayaan awam lorongjalan kaki awam barang awam peruntukan barang awam eksternaliti barang awam penentuan harga barang awam balai raya kesihatan awam perbicaraan awam kedai minuman tanya siasat awam institusi awam kepentingan awam pelaburan awam
public land use
purchase notice
public land use
—
guna tanah awam
public library
—
perpustakaan awam
—
pemilikan awam
—
penyertaan awam
public ownership public participation public policy
—
public power
—
dasar awam kuasa awam
public production
—
pengeluaran awam
public provision
—
peruntukan awam
public recreation
—
—
public sector
—
tabungan awam sektor awam
public service
-
perkhidmatan awam
public spending
—
perbelanjaan awam
public stockyard
—
stokyard awam
public subsidy
—
subsidi awam
public transport
—
—
—
public transportation
—
public union
—
public utility
—
public utility district public utility economy
lipur diri awam/rekreasi awam
public right of way public saving
public transport system
public utility regulation public warehousing public works publication of notice pull migration pulp pumped storage pumping station purchase contract purchase money security interest purchase notice
hak laluan awam
kenderaan awam; sistem pengangkutan awam 297
-
— — — — — — — — -
—
sistem kenderaan awam; sistem pengangkutan awam pengangkutan awam kesatuan awam utiliti awam/kemudahan awam daerah utiliti awam ekonomi utiliti awam peraturan utiliti awam pergudangan awam kerja raya penyiaran notis penghijrahan tarikan pulpa simpanan secara pam stesen pam kontrak belian kepentingan cagaran/ sekuriti wang belian notis pembelian
purchased feed
purchased feed purchasing authority purchasing cooperative purchasing power purchasing power bond purchasing power distribution purchasing power parity pure pure competition pure economic profit pure economics pure exchange pure interest pure jump function
Pythagoras relationship
— -
—
— — — — — -
makanan ternakan dibeli autoriti pembelian koperasi pembelian kuasa beli bon kuasa beli pengagihan kuasa beli
pure monopoly pure profit pure rent pure strategy pure time discount pure-birth model pure-death model purely random series purpose classification purposive sampling push migration pyramiding tax pyrathrum powder pyrozoxon Pythagoras relationship
pariti kuasa beli/ kesetaraan kuasa beli tulen persaingan tulen untung ekonomi tulen ekonomi tulen bursa tulen faedah tulen fungsi lompatan tulen
298
— — — — — — — — — -
monopoli tulen untung tulen sewa tulen strategi tulen diskaun masa tulen model kelahiran tulen model kematian tulen sin rambang tulen pengelasan tujuan pensampelan bertujuan penghijrahan tolakan cukal secara piramid serbuk piratrum pirozokson perhubungan Pythagoras
quadrant
quantitative forecasting method
Q quadrant
—
sukuan
quadratic approximation
-
penghampiran kuadratik
quadratic equation quadratic fashion
-
persamaan kuadratik
—
fesyen kuadratik
quadratic form
-
bentuk kuadratik
quadratic function
—
quadratic loss quadratic mean quadratic objective function quadratic programming quadratic response function quadratic trend qualification qualified acceptance qualified majority voting system qualified title
—
—
-
— —
— —
-
qualitative analysis qualitative factor qualitative-forecasting model qualitative independent qualitative information qualitative interpretation qualitative statement quality quality control quality deterioration quality differential quality dimension quality of life ‘quantifier
fungsi kuadratik kerugian kuadratik mm kuadratik fungsi objektif kuadratik pemprograman kuadratik fungsi gerak balas kuadratik arah aliran kuadnatik kelayakan
quantitative analysis quantitative description
penenimaan bersyarat sistem pengundian majoriti layak hak milik sementara
quantitative economics quantitative forecasting method 299
— — -
-
— — — — — — — -
— -
-
analisis kualitatif faktor kualitatif model peramalan kualitatif pemboleh ubah tak bersandar kualitatif maldumat kualitatif pentafsiran kualitatif pernyataan kualitatif kualiti/mutu kawalan mutu kemerosotan mutu kebezaan kualiti dimensi kualiti kualiti hidup pengkuantiti analisis kuantitatif penihal kuantitatif ekonomi kuantitatif kaedah peramalan kuantitatif
quantitative independent variable
quantitative independent variable quantitative method
-
pemboleh ubah tak bersandar kuantitatif
quartile deviation quasi rent quasi Gaussian method quasi-characteristic function quasi-factorial design quasi-government quasi-random sampling
quantitative restriction
—
kaedah kuantitatif pembatasan kuantitatif
quantitative variable
—
pemboleh ubah kuantitatif
quantity
—
kuantiti
quantity demanded
-
kuantiti diminta
quantity dimension quantity equation quantity index
—
—
dimensi kuantiti
—
persamaan kuantiti
quantity index number
—
indeks kuantiti nombor indeks kuantiti
quantity of money
-
kuantiti wang
quantity theory of money
—
teori kuantiti wang
quantity variance
—
vanians kuantiti
quarry
—
kuari
quartic curve quartile quartile coefficient
—
— —
—
queueing model
quasi-stable quasi-static process quasi-stationary quasi-variable payment quantient field questionaire queue queue length
keluk kuartik kuartil/penyuku
queueing queueing discipline
koefisien kuartil/koefisien penyuku; pekali kuantil/ pekali penyuku
queueing model 300
-
sisihan kuartil/sisihan penyuku sewa kuasi kaedah kuasi Gauss
—
fungsi kuasi-cinian
—
—
—
reka bentuk kuasi-faktorial separa-kerajaan pensampelan kuasi rambang kuasi-stabil proses kuasi-statik kuasi-pegun pembayaran kuasi berubah medan hasil bahagi soal selidik giliran panjang giliran
—
penggiliran
— — —
— — — — — —
— -
disiplin penggiliran model penggiliran
queueing theory
queueing theory queueing time queues with balking queues without balking quick asset quick ground quick ratio quick sand quicklime quit rent
quotient space
— — — — — —
teoni penggiliran masa penggiliran giliran dengan halangan giliran tanpa halangan aset cepat tanah jerlus nisbah cepat pasin jerlus kapur lohor cukai tanah
quota quota restriction quota sampling quotation fee quotient quotient group quotient rule quotient set quotient space
301
— — — — —
kuota pembatasan kuota pensampelan kuota fi sebut harga hasil bahagi kumpulan hasil bahagi peraturan hasil bahagi set hasil bahagi ruang hasil bahagi
race
radioactive source
R race
—
ras, bangsa
racial balance
—
imbangan bangsa
racial economic disparity
—
ketaksamaan ekonomi ikut bangsa
Radburn layout
—
Radburn planning
—
susun atur Radburn perancangan Radburn
radial pattern
-
pola berjejari
—
jalan berjejari
radial road radial sector theory radial street pattern radial town radian radiant energy radiant power radiant state radiating atont radiation radiation accident radiation balance of earth
— — — — — — — — -
radiation damage radiation effect radiation illness radiation injury radiation source radiator radical radical economics radical theory
teoni sektor berjejari corakjalan berjejan bandan berjejari radian tenaga sinaran kuasa sinaran keadaan sinaran atom bersinar siflaran kemalangan sinaran imbangan sinaran bumi
radicalism radio station radioactive radioactive decay radioactive fallout radioactive fission product radioactive gas radioactive material
302
— — — — — — — —
— — -
— -
— —
kerosakan sinaran kesan sinaran penyakit sinaran kecederaan sinaran punca sinaran penyinan/radiator radikal ekonomi radikal teoni radikal fahaman radikal stesen radio radioaktif reputan radioaktif jatuhan radioaktif basil pembelahan radioaktif gas radioaktif bahan radioaktif
radioactive mineral
—
mineral radioaktif
radioactive source
—
punca radioaktif
radioactive waste radioactive waste radium radium water radius of circle radix (life table) railway crossing railway line railway terminus railway traffic railway transport rain forest rain splash erosion rainfall intensity ranch rand random random arrival random chain random component
random service
—
— — — — — — —
— — —
— —
sisa radioaktif/buangan radioaktif radium air radium jejari bulatan radiks (jadual hayat) lintasan kereta api landasan kereta api perhentian akhir kereta api lalu lintas kereta api pengangkutan kereta api hutan hujan hakisan percikan hujan
random demand random digit table
lebat hujan ladang ternak
random random random random random random random
—
paya tepi rambang ketibaan rambang rantaian rambang
—
komponen rambang
— -
—
permintaan rambang jadual digit rambang
random direction
—
arah rambang
random dispersal
—
kekaran rambang
random disturbance random effect model
—
gangguan rambang model kesan rambang
random element
—
unsur rambang
random event
-
peristiwa rambang
random experiment random forecast error random noise theory random number random number generator
303
-
process replacement sample scatter selection series service
—
-
— — —
— — — — — — —
uji kaji rambang ralat ramalan rambang teori gangguan rambang nombor rambang penjana nombor rambang proses rambang penggantian rambang sampel rambang selerakan rambang pemilihan rambang sin rambang layanan rambang
random shock
rare item
random shock
-
random stopping time
-
random tracking random variable random variation random walk randomization of assignment randomized block design randomized decision randomized decision function randomized policy randomized strategy randomized unbiased estimator
—
-
kejutan rambang
pengesanan rambang/ penjejakan nambang pemboleh ubah rambang
—
vaniasi rambang penjalanan rambang
—
perambangan tugasan
—
-
—
-
— — —
range range land range of grades range of sample rank condition rank condition for identification rank correlation rank correlation coefficient rank-order statistics
waktu pemberhentian rambang
reka bentuk blok terambang keputusan terambang
rank-sum test ranking rapid development rapid exploitation rapid exploitation policy rare earth metal
fungsi keputusan terambang dasar terambang strategi tenambang penganggan tak bias terambang
— —
— — —
— -
— — — — — — —
julat; jangka; banjaran tanah ragut bidangan gred julat sampel syarat pangkat syarat pangkat untuk pengenalpastian korelasi pangkat koefisien korelasi pangkat/ pekali korelasi pangkat statistik pangkat-tentib ujian basil tambah pangkat pemeningkatan pembangunan pesat eksploitasi pesat dasar eksploitasi pesat logam nadir bumi
rare earth mineral
—
—
gas nadir
—
butir nadir
randomness
—
kerambangan
rare gas
randomness test
—
ujian kerambangan
rare item 304
—
mineral nadir bumi/ galian nadir bumi 1
rare-earth element
rare-earth element rarefactim (sound wave) ratchet effect
rates
—
unsur nadir bumi
—
pengurangtumpatan (gelombang bunyi) kesan sehaluan
—
kesan sehaluan penggunaan
—
ratchet effect in consumption rate determination
—
penentuan kadar
rate equation
—
persamaan kadar
rate of capitalization
—
kadar pemodalan
rate of change
—
kadar pertukaran
rate of commodity
—
substitution rate of corruption rate of demolition rate of feed consumption rate of flow rate of gains rate of livestock maintenance
— — —
— —
—
rate of livestock production rate of occurrence rate of pasture deterioration rate of pasture production rate of product transformation rate of product rate of returns approach rate of stocking rate of surplus value rate of technical substitution rate payer rate structure rate uniformity rate-of-return-over-cost rateable value rates
kadar penggantian komoditi/kadar penggantian barangan kadar rasuah kadar roboh kadar penggunaan makanan haiwan kadar aliran kadar laba kadar penyelenggaraan ternakan 305
—
— —
—
—
—
— -
— — —
kadar pengeluaran ternakan kadar keterjadian kadar kemerosotan padang rumput ternakan kadar pengeluaran padang rumput ternakan kadar transformasi keluaran kadar pengeluaran pendekatan kadar pulangan kadar penghimpunan kadar nilai lebihan kadar penggantian teknik pembayar cukai struktur kadar bayaran keseragaman kadar kadar pulangan atas kos nilai boleh cukai cukai; bayaran; kadar
rating
reactor fusion
rating ratio
—
kadaran; pengkadaran
rationalism
—
-
nisbah
rationality of consumer
—
rasionalisme kerasionalan pengguna
ratio estimation
-
penganggaran nisbah nisbah inventori kepada jualan akhir
rationed demand
—
permintaan tercatu
—
penawaran tercatu
—
pencatuan
nisbah kekayaan kepada pendapatan boleh guna
rationing of leisure
—
pencatuan masa lapang
—
bekalan makanan ternakan
-
mentah
raw data
—
data mentah
raw gas
—
ratio of inventory to final sale ratio for wealth to disposable income ratio scale ratio-to-moving average method ratio-to-trend method ration
—
-
—
—
—
kaedah nisbah-arah-purata bergerak kaedah nisbah—arah-aliran
ration line
—
rational
—
rasional
rational auction
—
lelong rasional
—
kelakuan rasional
—
pilihan rasional
rational behaviour rational choice
rations for livestock feeding raw
skel nisbah
catuan; bekalan makanan garisan catuan
-
rationed supply rationing
rational expectation
—
rational number
—
jangkaan rasional nombor rasional
rationalization
—
perasionalan
raw material raw material stock raw moment raw ore raw score re-adjustment scheme re-assignment reactor reactor fusion 306
—
— — —
gas mentah bahan mentah stok bahan mentah momen mentah bijih mentah skor mentah skim penyesuaian semula
—
penugasan semula reaktor
—
reaktor lakuran
—
ready money
ready money reaeration reafforestation reafforestation zone real account real analysis real and apparent expansion real asset real balance real balance approach real balance demand real balance effect real bill doctrine real cash balance real cost real estate real estate appraisal real estate credit real estate mortgage
reasonable alternative wang sedia
real expansion
-
real gross national product
—
—
pengudaraan semula pugar penghutanan zon pugar penghutanan
real income
—
pendapatan benar
—
akaun benar
real injury
—
kecacatan benar
analisis sahih perkembangan sahih dan ketara
real investment
—
pelaburan benar
real labour income
—
pendapatan buruh benar
real number
—
nombor nyata
real part
-
bahagian nyata
real profit
—
real property contracts
—
untung benar kontrak harta benda benar
kesan baki benar
real wage
—
upah benar
doktrin bil benar baki tunai benar
real-valued function realization account
—
fungsi nilai nyata
kos benar harta tanah penilaian harts tanah kredit harts tanah gadai janji harts tanah
realization principle
—
realization statement
—
realty
-
penyata realisasi harts tanah
realty duty
-
duti harts tanah
reasonable alternative
—
alternatif munasabah
—
— -
— -
— —
— —
—
—
— — — — —
aset benar baki benar pendekatan baki benar permintaan baki benar
307
—
perkembangan benar keluaran negara kasar benar
akaun realisasi pi-insip realisasi
reasonable use doctrine
reasonable use doctrine
rectangular coordinate
rebate
—
doktrin kegunaan berpatutan rebat
rebuilding
—
bina semula
reclamation of land
—
tanah tebus-guna pemulihgunaan/ penebusgunaan penebusgunaan tanah
recapture clause
—
fasal lengkapan semula
recognition lag
—
lat pengecaman
receipts
—
wang masuk; penerimaan
reconciliation
—
penyesuaian; pendamaian
received commission
—
komisen diterima
-
nota penerimaan
reconciliation of conflicting preference reconciliation statement
receiving note receiving roder
—
reception hall
—
arahan penerimaan dewan sambutan
recession
—
kemelesetan
recipe
—
resipi
reciprocal reciprocal demand curve reciprocal exchange reciprocal trade agreement programme reciprocal transformation reciprocate reciprocity
—
-
salingan; timbal balik keluk permintaan salingan
-
pertukaran salingan
—
—
— — —
reclaimed land reclamation
reconnaisance reconstruction recontracting record of development recoverable reserve recovery efficiency recovery factor
program perjanjian perdagangan salingan
recreational area
transformasi salingan balikan kesalingan; ketimbalbalikan
recreational benefit rectangular coordinate
308
— -
—
— — — — — — — —
— —
penyesuaian keutsmaan bercanggah penyata penyesuaian peninjauan pembinaan semula penguncupan semula rekod pembangunan rizab boleh usaha kecekapan pemulihan faktor pemulihan kawasan lipur diri/ kawasan rekreasi faedah rekreasi koordinat segi empat bujur tepat
rectangular coordinate system
rectangular coordinate system rectangular distribution
—
—
rectangular hyperbola
—
rectangular lag-scheme
—
recurrence state recurrent class recurrent time recurring expenditure recursive equation recursive model recursive relationship recursive system recycling of material red meat animal redeem redeemable bond redeemable capital redeemable debenture
— — — — — — —
— — — — — —
reduced form redemption redemption period redevelopment redevelopment area
sistem koordinat segi empat bujur tepat taburan segi empat bujur tepat hiperbola segi empat bujur tepat skim lat segi empat bujur
redevelopment scheme rediscount rediscount rate redistribution redistribution scheme
keadaan berulangan kelas berulang masa berulang perbelanjaan berulang persamaan rekursif model rekursif perhubungan rekursif sistem rekursif
rediscount rediscount rate redistribution redistribution scheme redistributive effect
pusingan semula bahan binatang daging merah tebus bon boleh tebus modal boleh tebus debentur boleh tebus
redistributive programme reduce
309
— — — —
—
— — — — — —
— —
reduced capital formation
—
reduced form
—
penebusan tempoh penebusan pembangunan semula kawasan pembangunan semula skim pembangunan semula diskaun semula kadar diskaun semula pengagihan semula skim pengagihan semula diskaun semula kadar diskaun semula pengagihan semula skim pengagihan semula kesan pengagihan semula program pengagihan semula turun; kurang; ringkas; singkat pembentukan modal terkurang bentuk terturun
reduced form equation
refundable deposit
reduced form equation reduced form method
—
reduced gain equation reduced model reduced planning approach reduced-form coefficient reduced-form model reduced-form parameter reduced-form technique reduction reduction of storage redundancy redundant redundant equation redundant plan reference reference base
persamaan bentuk terturun
reference cycle
—
kitaran rujukan
kaedah bentuk terturun persamaan tambah berat
reference map
—
peta rujukan
—
reference object
—
—
terturun model terturun
refined product refinement
pendekatan perancangan tersingkat koefisien bentuk terkurang/ pekali bentuk terkurang
refinery
—
refinery capacity
—
loji penapisan keupayaan loji penapis
refinery operation
—
operasi loji penapis
model bentuk terkurang parameter bentuk terkurang teknik bentuk terkurang pengurangan pengurangan penyimpanan kelebihpadaan
refining
-
penapisan
refining capacity
—
lebih-pada persamaan lebih-pada rancangan lebih-pada panduan; rujukan asas rujukan
reforestation reform proposal refrigeration refund refundable deposit
—
—
—
— —
— — — -
— — — — —
refining-marketing operation refi acting state reflaction rellaction of radiation
310
—
objek rujukan keluaran tertapis
—
pembersihan
—
— —
— — — — — -
kapasiti penapisan operasi penapisanpemasaran keadaan memantul pemantulan pemantulan sinaran penghutanan semula cadangan reformasi penyejukan bayar balik deposit boleh bayar balik
refuse collection
regional technical effect
refuse collection
—
refuse disposal
—
pungutan sampah/ pengangkutan sampah pembuangan sampah
regenerative process
—
proses berjana semula
regidity
—
ketegaran
—
wilayah/kawasan
region region of acceptance region of rejection regional activity rate regional balance regional change regional development regional development grant regional differential regional distribution regional distribution (population) regional employment premium regional growth
— —
— — — —
— — -
—
—
regional incentive
—
regional income multiplier
—
regional industrial development
—
insentif wilayah/galakan wilayah pengganda pendapatsn wilayah pembangunan perindustrian wilayah
kawasan penerimaan kawasan penolakan
regional interchange
—
saling tukar wilayah
regional intermediary
-
perantaraan wilayah
kadar aktiviti wilayah imbangan wilayah perubahan wilayah pembangunan wilayah bantuan pembangunan wilayah pembezaan wilayah agihan wilayah taburan wilayah (penduduk) premium guna tenaga wilayah pertumbuhan wilayah
regional level
—
peringkat wilayah
regional market effect
—
kesan pasaran wilayah
regional migration trend
—
regional plan
—
pelan wilayah
regional planning
—
perancangan wilayah
regional policy
—
dasar wilayah
regional specialization effect regional structure plan regional study regional technical effect 311
—
arah aliran pengh~jrahan wilayah
kesan pengkhususan wilayah
—
pelan struktur wilayah
-
kajian wilayah
—
kesan teknik wilayah
regional trading arrangement
regional trading arrangement
—
regulator system pengaturan perdagangan wilayah
regression line
regionalization
-
pemewilayahan
regionalization of region
—
pemewilayahan kawasan
regionalism
—
fahaman kedaerahan
regression parameter regressive expectation model regressive income tax regressive tax
register
—
daftar
registered bond
-
bon berdaftar
regressivity regressivity of tax regressor
—
garisan regresi parameter regresi
—
model jangkaan regresif
—
cukai pendapatan regresif
—
cukai regresif
—
— —
registered capital
-
modal berdaftar
registered debenture
—
debentur berdaftar
registered office
—
pejabat berdaftar
regret regret function
registered owner
—
pemilik berdaftar
regret matrix
regressand
—
regresian
regression
—
pengunduran; regresi
regular boundary point regular estimator
analisis regresi
regular line of street
—
koefisien regresi/pekali regresi
regularity condition
—
regulated agriculture
—
koefisien korelasi regresi/ pekali korelasi regresi
regulated traffic zone regulation regulator system
regression analysis regression coefficient regression correlation coefficient regression curve
—
—
—
—
keluk regresi 312
keregresifan keregresifan cukai
—
peregresi kesal fungsi kesal matriks kesal
—
titik sempadan nalar
-
penganggar nalar
— — —
— — —
garisan aturan jalan syarat kenalaran pertanian terkawal zon lalu lintas terkawal peraturan sistem pengatur
regulatory committee
religious belief
regulatory committee
—
regulatory taxation
—
pencukaian berperaturan
rehabilitation
-
pemulihan
rehabilitation centre reimbursement credit
— —
jawatankuasa kawal selia
pusat pemulihan kredit pembayaran semula
reinvestment rate
—
kadar pelaburan semula
rejection region
—
kawasan penolakan
related industry related regulation relative advantage relative aperture relative dispersion relative efficiency relative frequency relative frequency curve relative income consumption theory
— — —
-
— — —
—
-
relative income hypothesis
—
relative income share
-
relative injury relative share relative standard error relativism relevant relevant cost relevant externality relevant range reliability reliability coefficient
industri berkaitan peraturan berkaitan faedah berbanding/ faedah relatif bukaan berbanding kekaran relatif kecekapan relatif frekuensi relatif/ kekerapan relatif keluk frekuensi relatif/ keluk kekerapan relatif teori penggunaan pendapatan relatif
reliability model reliability theory relief map relief well religious belief 313
hipotesis pendapatan relatif bahagian pendapatan relatif
—
kecacatan relatif bahagian relatif
—
ralat standard relatif
—
— — —
— —
—
relativisme berhubungan kos berhubungan eksternaliti berhubungan julat berhubungan kebolehpercayaan koefisien kebolehpercayaan/pekali kebolehpercayaan model kebolehpercayaan teori kebolehpercayaan pets bentuk muka bumi perigi pelega kepercayaan keagamaan
religious building
religious building religious reserve
rental cost of capital
—
--
relocation
—
relocation of industry
—
bangunan agama
renewal counting process
—
rizab agama penempatan semula
renewal density function
—
penempatan semula industri
renewal function
—
fungsi pembaharuan
penempatan semula penduduk
renewal intensity
—
keamatan pembaharuan
renewal plan
—
renewal process renewal theory
relocation of population
—
rem
—
remarks
-
rem catatan
remittance
—
kiriman wang
renovation
-
remittance account
—
akaun kiriman wang
rent
—
—
kawasan pedalaman perlombongan kawal jauh
rent ceiling rent control
-
pengendalian kawal jauh
remote area remote-controlled mining remote~controlled operation removal order
—
fungsi ketumpatan pembaharuan
—
rancangan pembaharuan proses pembaharuan
—
teori pembaharuan pengubahsuaian sewa
—
bumbung sewa kawalan sewa
rent determination
—
penentuan sewa
rent element in wage
—
unsur sewa dalam upah sewa kemampuan
—
-
perintah pindah
rent of ability
—
reneging
—
keluar
rent theory
—
renewable energy
-
tenaga boleh baharu
renewable resource
—
sumber boleh baharui
—
renewal
—
pembaharuan
rent-bid price rental arrangement rental cost of capital 314
proses pengiraan pembaharuan
—
—
teori sewa harga bida sewa pengaturan sewaan kos sewaan modal
rental housing
replenishment
rental housing
—
rental income
—
rental value rented land rentier renting reorder level reorder point reorder quantity repair and maintenance repayment repayment capacity
repayment of debenture repayment of loan repayment of tax repayment terms repeated observation
perumahan sewaan pendapatan sewaan
—
nilai sewaan tsnah sewa
—
pemberi sewa
—
— — — — -
— —
— — — — -
repeated roots repeated survey repeated systematic sampling repeated trials repercussion repercussion effect replacement replacement cost replacement cost depreciation replacement investment replacement policy replacement problem replacement rate replacement reserve replacement theory replacement time replacement wave replenishable resource replenishment
menyewa tingkat pesanan semula titik pesanan semula kuantiti pesanan semula pembaikan dan penyelenggaraan pembayaran balik kapasiti pembayaran balik/ keupayaan pembayaran balik pembayaran balik debentur pembayaran balik pinjaman pembayaran balik cukai syarat pembayaran balik pemerhatian berulangan/ pencerapan berulangan 315
— — —
— — — —
—
punca berulang kaji selidik berulang pensampelan bersistem terulang percubaan berulang pantulan kesan pantulan penggantian kos penggantian susut nilai kos penggantian pelaburan penggantian
-
dasar penggantian masalah penggantian kadar penggantian rizab penggantian teori penggantian masa penggantian gelombang penggantian sumber boleh tambah
-
penambahan semula
— — — — —
replicate sampling
replicate sampling replication
reserve power
—
pensampelan pendua salman asal pemulihan penduduk kertas laporan permintaan wakilan
res nullius
—
res nullius
representative element
—
unsur wakilan
research
—
penyelidikan
representative firm
—
firma wakilan
research co-operation
-
kerjasama penyelidikan
representative household
—
isi rumah wakilan
research difficulty
—
kesukaran penyelidikan
sampel wakilan inflasi tertekan penindasan boleh ulang; keluarkan semula barang terkeluarkan semula pengeluaran semula pembiakan kos pembiakan; kos pengeluaran semula kadar pembiakan keupayaan pembiakan
research method research resource
repopulation report sheet representative demand
representative sample repressed inflation repression reproducible reproducible goods
— — —
— — — —
—
reproduction
—
reproduction cost
—
reproduction rate reproductive capacity
— -
required reserve ratio requirements approach requisition res communis
reservation reservation price reserve reserve army of labour reserve currency reserve estimate reserve fund reserve land reserve payment reserve power 316
-
nisbah rizab wajib
—
pendekatan keperluan
—
pesanan; tuntutsn res communis
—
— —
— — — — — — —
kaedah penyelidikan sumber penyelidikan penempahan/perizaban harga tempahan rizab; simpanan; cadangan kumpulan buruh simpanan mats wang rizab anggaran rizab dana nzab tsnah simpanan bayaran rizab kuasa simpanan
reserve provision
reserve provision reserve ratio reserve ratio test reserve requirement reserve-production ratio reserve-to-use reservoir ratio reserved area reserved land reservoir reservoir engineering reservoir pressure resettlement resettlement administration resettlement scheme resident population residential residential area
residual response function
—
-
-
— —
—
— — — — -
-
— — -
peruntukan rizab
residential density residential development
nisbah simpanan/ nisbah rizab ujian nisbah rizab
—
—
residential investment
—
kepadatan kediaman pembangunan kediaman
residential land
—
pelaburan kediaman tsnah kediaman
keperluan rizab nisbah rizab-pengeluaran
residential land value
-
nilai tanah kediaman
residential layout
—
susun atur kediaman
nisbah rizab-kegunaan takungan kawasan rizab tanah rizab takungan kejuruteraan takungan tekanan takungan perkampungan semula/ penempatan semula pentadbiran penempatan semula skim penempatan semula penduduk bermastautin kediaman kawasan kediaman
residential neighbourhood
-
perjiranan kediaman
residential parish
—
mukim kediaman
residential tenancy residential zone
-
penyewaan kediaman zon kediaman
residential zoning
-
pengezonan kediaman
residents car park
—
residual residual autocorrelation residual claim residual enrichment of ore residual factor residual oil residual response function 317
—
— — — —
-
medan letak kereta penghuni sisa; baki autokorelasi sisaan tuntutan sisa pengayaan bijih sisa faktor baki mmnyak sisa fungsi gerak balas balci’
residual soil
resource pyramid
residual soil
—
residual sum of squares
-
residual tracking
-
residual treatment effect
-
pengesanan sisa kesan olahan bald
residue
—
sisaan
residue classes
—
resistance function resistance to pesticide resistant crop variety resistant to antibiotic resort coast resort town resource resource allocation resource availability
—
pengekalan sumber penggunaan sumber
—
kesusutan sumber
—
pembangunan sumber
resource distribution
—
taburan sumber
resource economics
—
ekonomi sumber
kelas sisaan
resource ex ante
—
ex ante sumber
-
fungsi daya tahan
resource cx post
—
—
daya tahan racun perosak
resource exhaustion resource immobility
—
—
tanah sisa
daya tahan pada antibiotik pantai peranginan
—
bandar peranginan
—
sumber
resource base
—
peruntukan sumber ketersediaan sumber asas sumber
resource classification
—
pengelasan sumber
—
resource depletion resource development
jenis tanaman berdaya tahan
—
—
resource conservation resource consumption
hasil tambah ganda dua bald
—
ex post sumber kehabisan sumber
—
tak mobiliti sumber
resource import
—
import sumber
resource limitation
—
pengehadan sumber
resource management resource misallocation resource mobilization resource policy resource production resource production elasticity resource pyramid 318
—
— — — — — —
—
pengurusan sumber penyalahuntukan sumber mobilisasi sumber dasar sumber pengeluaran sumber keanjalan pengeluaran sumber piramid sumber
restricted area
resource quality
kualiti sumber
response curve
—
pemulihan sumber akta pemulihan sumber
response error
—
ralat gerak balas
—
response function
—
fungsi gerak balas
resource refinery
-
loji penapis sumber
response over space
—
resource reserve
—
rizab sumber response over time
—
—
kekurangan sumber kesan kekurangan sumber
—
kaji selidik sumber
response surface
—
kawasan sumber kurang penggunaan sumber kecekapan penggunaan sumber
response theory
-
teori gerak balas
response time
—
masa gerak balas
response to fertilizer
—
response to opportunity
—
resource quality resource recovery resource recovery act
resource scarcity resource shortage effect resource survey resource triangle resource underutilization
—
—
—
— -
keluk gerak balas
gerak balas terhadap ruang gerak balas terhadap masa permukaan gerak balas
gerak balas terhadap baja
resource use efficiency
-
resource valuation
—
penilaian sumber
respiratory metal
—
logam respirasi
response-time distribution
—
gerak balas kepada peluang taburan gerak balas-masa
rest house
—
rumah rehat
—
penjawab gerak balas
response analysis
—
analisis gerak balas
response coefficient
—
respondent response
—
rest room restaurant
koefisien gerak balas/ pekali gerak balas 319
—
bilik rehat; tandas restoran
restrained firm
—
firma terkawal
restricted area
—
kawasan larangan
-
restricted interest
restricted interest restricted least squares restricted least squares method restricted randomization restriction sampling restricted use restriction scheme restructuring restructuring society resultant of force retail retail food chain retail marketing retail meat cuts retail price index retail sales tax
revealed preference
—
—
—
—
kepentingan terbatas
perambangan terbatas
—
pensampelan terbatas kegunaan terbatas
—
skim pembatasan
—
— —
— -
— -
—
retail shop retail trade retailer retailing retained water retaliation retaliatory tariff retention of water
ganda dua terkecil terbatas kaedah ganda dua terkecil terbatas
retirement income return flow returnable container returns returns to management returns to scale
penyusunan semula penyusunan semula masyarakat panduan daya runcit rantaian kedai makanan runcit pemasaran runcit potongan daging jualan runcit indeks harga runcit cukai jualan runcit
reuse reuse for conservation
320
— -
— — — — —
— —
kedai runcit perdagangan runcit peruncit peruncitan air tertakung pembalasan tarif pembalasan simpanan air/bendungan air pendapatan persaraan aliran pulangan bekas boleh dikembalikan
—
pulangan pulangan pengurusan pulangan ikut skel
—
kegunaan semula
— —
—
revaluation
—
revealed preference
—
penggunaan semula untuk pemuliharaan penilaian semula; penambahan nilai keutamaan ternyata
revenue
revenue revenue needs revenue requirement revenue sharing revenue source revenue structure reverse commuting reverse migration reverse osmosis reverse yield gap reversibility review review map revised plan revised simplex method revision of hypothesis revocation of permission revolving credit revolving fund ribbon development
risk bearing
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
— — — — —
basil keperluan hasil keperluan hasil perkongsian hasil punca hasil struktur basil perjalanan balik penghijrahan balik osmosis berbalik jurang kadar hasil songsang kebolehbalikan kajian semula peta kajian semula rancangan disemak kaedah simpleks tersemak
ribbon settlement
—
penempatan menjalar
Ricardian concept
—
konsep Ricardo
Ricardian economy
—
ekonomi Ricardo
Ricardian rent theory
—
teori sewa Ricardo
Ricardianism
—
fahaman Ricardo
rice bowl state
—
negeri jelapang padi
rich iron
—
besi kaya
ridge line
-
rift valley
—
garis batasan lurah gelinciran
rig activity
—
aktiviti pelantar minyak
rig time method
—
kaedah rig masa
—
kepencongan ke kanan
right skewness rights issue
ulang kaji hipotesis pembatalan kebenaran kredit pusingan dana pusingan pembangunan menjalar
ring fee
—
terbitan hak fi gelanggang
ring road
—
jalan keliling
rise of capitalism rise of transfer
321
—
-
kebangkitan kapitalisme kenaikan pindahan
risk
—
risiko
risk bearing
—
penanggungan risiko
—
risk capital
risk capital risk factor risk function risk of exploration risk of expropriation risk premium risk reward risk spreading risk taking risk-aversion risk-bearing ability risk-benefit analysis risk-free risk-free capital rival consumption rival goods river bank river basin river bed level
road frontage
—
— — — —
— —
— — — —
— — — — — — — —
modal berisiko
river bttnd
—
permatang sungai
faktor risiko fungsi risiko risiko mencari gali risiko perampasan hak milik premium risiko ganjaran risiko
river course
—
aliran sungai
river development
—
—
perkembangan sungai buangan sungai hakisan sungai
river pollution
—
pencemaran sungai
river reserve
—
rizab sungai
river sedimentation
—
pemendapan sungai
river valley
—
lembah sungai
river wall
—
tembok sungai
river discharge river erosion
peluasan risiko mengambil risiko pengelakan risiko kemampuan menanggung risiko analisis risiko-faedah bebas risiko modal bebas risiko penggunaan saingan barang saingan tebing sungai lembangan sungai aras dasar sungai
river widening river-flow augmentation riverine settlement road road accident road alignment pattern road circulation system road formation road foundation road frontage 322
—
— —
— — — — — — — —
pelebaran sungai pembesaran aliran sungai penempatan tepi sungai jalan/jalan raya kemalangan jalan raya pola aliranjalan raya sistem aliran jalan raya pembentukan jalan asasjalan muka depan jalan
rounding of data
road gradient road gradient
—
kecerunan jalan
road improvement road intersection
—
pembaikan jalan raya
—
road junction
—
persilangan jalan persimpangan jalan
road layout
—
susun aturjalan raya
road reserve
—
rizab jalan raya
road safety
—
keselamatan jalan raya
road side drain
—
pant sisi jalan
road side landscaping
—
road side village road sign road toll road widening roadway robust estimator robust test Rochdale principles rock
—
—
pelebaran jalan
—
role in budgeting rolling plan rolling planning root mean squares (RMS) root mean squares error roots rotatable design rotation rotation and by-product complementarity rough estimate
kampung sisi jalan
—
—
role for moral suasion
seni taman sisijalan/ pengindahan daratan sisi jalan isyarat jalan to! jalan
—
rock basin rock glacier roden ticide role for direct control
jalan penganggar teguh ujian teguh prinsip Rochdale batu-batan/batuan
rough sketch plan rounding error rounding of data 323
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — —
—
— — -
lembangan batuan glasier batuan racun rodensia peranan untuk kawalan langsung peranan untuk pujukan moral peranan pembelanjawan rancangan boleh pinda perancangan boleh pinda punca mm ganda dua ralat kuasa dua mm punca punca reka bentuk boleh gilir giliran penggenapan giliran dan keluaran sampingan anggaran kasar pelan lakar kasar ralat pembulatan pembulatan data
routine
rural industry
routine
-
rutin
routing
—
pengarahan jalan
row house row operation row vector
rural area
—
rural conglomeration
—
—
rumah deret operasi bans
—
vektor bans
rural depopulation
—
rural development
—
rural district council
—
rural domestic waste
—
rural electrification
—
rural energy use
—
rural house pattern
—
rural household
—
isi rumah luar bandar
rural industry
—
industri luar bandar
—
royalty payment
—
rubber production
-
pembayaran royalti pengeluaran getah
rubberised road
-
jalan berturap getah
-
masalah kemusnahan
ruin problem rule measure rule of thumb run test runaway inflation running broker running cost running water run-off water runway rural rural advertisement
— — — — — — — — — -
ukuran peraturan peraturan ikut kebiasaan ujian lanian inflasi melampau broker pengendalian kos pengendalian air mengalir lanian air landasan terbang luar bandar/desa ikian luar bandar 324
kawasan desa/kawasan luar bandar pengkonglomeratarl luar bandar pengurangan penduduk luar bandar pembangunan desa/ pembangunan luar bandar majlis daerah luar bandar buangan dalam negeri luar bandar pembekalan elektrik luar bandar kegunaan tenaga luar bandar rupa susunan rumah luar bandar
rural landscape
rural landscape
rural rural rural rural
migration planning poverty problem area
rural road rural sector rural settlement
rush-hour traffic
—
— — — —
— —
—
seni taman luar bandar/ pemandangan daratan luar bandar penghijrahan luar bandar perancangan luar bandar kemiskinan luar bandar kawasan masalah luar bandar jalan luar bandar sektor desa/sektor luar bandar penempatan luar bandar
rural social work rural strata rural unemployment
rural well rural zone rural zoning rural-urban rural-urban migration rush job rush-hour traffic
325
—
kerja sosial luar bandar strata luar bandar pengangguran desa/ penganggurah luar bandar perigi luar bandar zon luar bandar pengezonan desa desa-bandar penghijrahan desa bandar kerja terdesak
—
lalu lintas masa sibuk
— — —
— — — — -
sales returns
S-curve
S S-curve sabotage sacrifice theory saddle point saddle point theorem safe safe deposit safe deposit locker safe minimum standard safety float safety stock sale for resale rule sales sales account sales agent sales book sales campaign sales contract
—
keluk S
—
sabotaj teori pengorbanan
—
titik pelana
-
—
teorem titik pelana
—
peti besi
— — — — — —
— — — — —
—
sales data
-
sales display
—
data jualan peragaanjualan
—
agihan jualan
—
angka jualan
sales forecast
—
ramalan jualan
sales gimmick
—
sales incentive
—
muslihat jualan insentifjualan/galakan jualan
sales ledger
—
lejar jualan
sales manager
—
pengurus jualan
sales maximization
—
sales mix sales on approval sales on commission
—
sales distribution sales figure
deposit selamat peti deposit selamat piawai minimum terjamin apungan keselamatan stock keselamatan peraturan jualan untuk jualan semula jualan penyatajualan ejenjualan bukujualan kempen jualan
sales sales sales sales sales sales
kontrak jualan 326
on credit performance price promotion quota returns
—
—
— — — — — —
pemaksimuman jualan campuran jualan jualan selepas cuba jualan atas komisen jualan cara kredit prestasi jualan hargajualan promosi jualan kuotajualan pulangan jualan
sales returns book
sampling plan
sales returns book
—
sales revenue
—
hasil jualan
—
statistikjualan
sales statistics sales target
buku pulangan jualan
sample sample area sample correlation coefficient
sales tax
—
sasaran jualan cukaijualan
sales tax incidence
—
insidens cukai jualan
sales tax rate
—
kadar cukai jualan
sales turnover
—
pusing ganti jualan
sample proportion
—
bangsal jualan
sample size sample space sample sum sample survey sample variance sample village sampling design sampling distribution
sales barn salesman salesmanship salinity of irrigation water salt deposit salt glacier salt lake salt mine salt rock salt-dome salt-water encroachment salvage value
—
— —
— — — — —
— — — —
sample mean sample observation
jurujual kejurujualan pemasinan air pengairan deposit garam glasier garam tasik garam lombong garam
sampling error sampling frame
garam buatan kubah garam terombosan air masin nilai skrap 327
—
sampel kawasan sampel koefisien korelasi sampel/pekali korelasi sampel mm sampel pemerhatian sampel/ pencerapan sampel pengkadaran sampel saiz sample ruang sampel hasil tambah sampel kaji selidik sampel varians sampel kampung contoh reka bentuk pensampelan taburan pensampelan ralat pensampelan
— — -
— —
— — — — — — —
—
rangka pensampelan
sampling number
—
nombor pensampelan
sampling plan
—
rancangan pensampelan
sampling technique
sampling technique sampling theory
saving function
—
teknik pensampelan teori pensampelan
sampling unit
—
unit pensampelan
satellite banking
sampling with recall
—
pensampelan dengan ingatan
satellite town satisfaction
pensampelan dengan penggantian pensampelan tanpa ingatan
satisfactory profit saturated adiabatic
sampling with replacement sampling without recall sampling without replacement sampling-theoretic approach San Pablo response trial sand bank sand flood sand quarry sand spit sand stream sandy clay sandy ridge
—
—
-
—
—
—
-
— — — — — —
sandy soil sanitation
saturated adiabatic lapse rate sausage belt sausage council sausage kitchen save as you earn
pensampelan tanpa penggantian pendekatan pensampelan berteori cubaan gerak balas San Pablo kukup banjir pasir/bah pasir kuari pasir tanjung pasir sungai pasir tanah hat berpasir permatang pasir
—
urusan bank satehit
— —
— — —
— — — —
saving
-
saving account
—
saving bank saving deposit saving function 328
—
tanih berpasir kebersihan
—
— -
-
bandar satehit kepuasan keuntungan memuaskan adiabatik tepu kadar tukaran adiabatik tepu kawasan sosej majlis sosej dapur sosej simpan sambil beroleh simpanan; tabungan; penjimatan akaun tabungan/akaun simpanan bank simpanan deposit tabungan; deposit simpanan fungsi tabungan
saving fund
scattered development
saving fund
—
saving gap
—
saving in kind
—
dana tabungan tabungan dalam bentuk benda jurang tabungan pelaburan
saving investment gap
—
saving motive
—
saving rate
—
motif tabungan kadar tabungan
saving ratio
-
nisbah tabungan
saving schedule
—
saving-and-investment diagram saving-income ratio saving-investment analysis
—
—
—
saving-investment
—
approach saving-is-spending theorem
—
Say’s law scalar
— —
scalar matrix scalar product scale scale analysis scale economy scale line
jurang tabungan
scale of consumption scale of farming scale of map scale of production scale returns scaling scandium scarcity
jadual tabungan gambar rajah tabungan dan pelaburan nisbah tabunganpendapatan analisis tabunganpelaburan
scarcity index
pendekatan tabunganpelaburan teorem tabungan sebagai perbelanjaan hukum Say skalar
scarcity rent scatter coefficient scatter diagram scattered development 329
—
matriks skalar hasil darab skalar bidang skel analisis skel ekonomi berskel garisan bidang; garisan skel skel penggunaan skel perladangan skel peta skel pengeluaran pulangan bidang penskalaan skandium kekurangan indeks kekurangan sewa kekurangan koefisien selerakan/ pekali selerakan gambar rajah selerakan
—
pembangunan berselerak
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — —
senario approach
senario approach scenery
search procedure
— —
pendekatan senario pemandangan
scientific management
—
pengurusan saintifik
scientific method
—
kaedah saintifik
scientific objectivity
—
keobjektifan saintifik
scientific progress
-
kemajuan saintifik
scenic area
—
scenic river
—
kawasan indah sungai permai
schedule period
—
tempoh jadual
schedule rate
—
kadar bayaran berjadual
scheduling scheduling diagram scheduling operation Scheffe’s multiple comparisons schematic plan scholastic scholasticism school age school drop-out rate school population school requirement scientific approach scientific co-operation
—
— —
—
—
—
— — — — — — -
penjadualan gambar rajah penjadualan pengendalian penjadualan
scientific research
—
penyelidikan saintifik
scope
-
skop/ruang lingkup
scope and magnitud
-
skop dan magnitud
scrap
—
skrap
—
logam skrap
scrap metal scrap metal recovery
perbandingan berganda Scheffe pelan skematik pengajaran falsafah fahaman falsafah umur bersekolah kadar keciciran sekolah jumlah pelajar sekolah keperluan sekolah pendekatan saintifik kerjasama saintifik
penemuan logam skrap pulangan skrap
scrap returns
—
scrap value
—
sea coast
—
nilai skrap pantai laut
sea level
—
aras laut
sea-water intrusion
—
kemasukan air laut
sea bed search model
330
—
—
dasar laut model carian
search problem
—
masalah carian
search procedure
—
tatacara carian
—
search process
second-order auto-regressive scheme
search process
—
proses carian
search technique
—
teknik carian
-
pemandangan laut
—
spa pantai peranginan
—
musim
seascape seaside resort spa season seasonabihity
—
seasonal
—
seasonal adjustment
—
seasonal autoregressive operator seasonal cash flow statement seasonal component
—
—
—
bermusim pelarasan bermusim
penyata aliran tunai bermusim
—
permintaan bermusim kesan bermusim
seasonal factor
—
faktor bermusim
— —
seasonality seasonally adjusted data
—
— — — — — — — —
— —
komponen bermusim
—
—
seasonal unemployment seasonal variation
operator autoregresif bermusim
seasonal effect
—
seasonal production seasonal serving seasonal surplus labour
kebermusiman
seasonal demand
seasonal fluctuation seasonal index seasonal industry seasonal movement
seasonal moving-average operator seasonal operator seasonal pattern seasonal price
seasoning second best theory second degree polynomial second development decade second-order autoregressive scheme
turun naik bermusim indeks bermusim industri bermusim pergerakan bermusim 331
-
— — —
—
operator purata bergerak bermusim operator bermusim pola bermusim harga bermusim pengeluaran bermusim layanan bermusim buruh lebihan bermusim pengangguran bermusim ubahan bermusim/variasi bermusim kebermusiman data terlaras secara bermusim mengeringkan; perasa; pembiasan teori terbaik kedua polinomial darjah kedua dekad pembangunan kedua skim autoregresif taraf kedua
second-order condition
sectoral production
second-order condition
—
syarat taraf kedua
secondary
—
peringkat kedua; sekunder
secondary benefits
—
faedah peringkat kedua
secondary carbon atom
-
secondary constraint secondary data secondary drive
—
— —
secondary energy carrier
—
secondary enrichment
—
secondary forest secondary industry secondary ore mineral secondary pollutant secondary radiation secondary recovery secondary reserve
— — -
— — — —
secondary sewage treatment secondary treatment of waste water secret reserve section sectional plan sectional price level sectioning sector chart sector theory sectoral articulation
atom karbon peringkat kedua konstren peringkat kedua data sekunder desakan peringkat kedua pembawa tenaga peringkat kedua pengayaan peringkat kedua; penyuburan peringkat kedua belukar peringkat kedua industri peringkat kedua galian bijih peringkat kedua pencemar peringkat kedua sinaran peringkat kedua pemulihan peringkat kedua rizab peringkat kedua
sectoral sectoral sectoral sectoral sectoral sectoral sectoral sectoral
change pattern demand flow accounting inflation integration investment model planning
sectoral production 332
—
pemulihan kumbahan peringkat kedua pembersihan sisa air peringkat kedua rizab rahsia keratan; seksyen pelan keratan rentas bahagian, tingkat harga melukis pelan keratan carta sektor teori sektor penonjolan sektor pola perubahan sektor permintaan sektor perakaunan aliran sektor inflasi ikut sektor integrasi sektor pelaburan sektor model sektor perancangan sektor
—
pengeluaran sektor
-
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
secular
self-adjoint
secular
—
sekular
secular stagnation
—
kebekuan sekular
secular trend
—
aliran sekular
secured bill
—
hi! bercagar
secured bond
—
bond bercagar
secured debenture
—
debentur bercagar
secured debt
—
hutang bercagar
secured loan
—
pinjaman bercagar
secured party
—
security
—
sedimentary marine mineral resource
pihak bercagar cagaran; sandaran; sekuriti; keselamatan; jaminan
—
sumber galian enapan samudera/sumber mineral enapan samudera
sedimentary ore deposit
—
deposit b~jihenapan
sedimentary rock
—
batuan enapan
segregation
—
pengasingan
segregation of traffic
—
pengasingan lalu lintas
seismic study
—
kajian seismik
seismic technique
—
teknik seismik
selection of farm
—
pemilihan ladang
selective
—
terpilih
security agreement
—
perjanjian cagaran
selective credit control
—
kawalan kredit terpilih
security capital
-
modal sekuriti
selective employment tax
—
cukai guna tenaga terpilih
security classification
—
pengelasan sekuriti
selective instrument
—
alat terpilih
security deposit
—
deposit sekuriti
selective logging
—
pembalakan terpilih
security exchange
—
bursa sekuriti
selective tax
—
cukai terpilih
sekuriti interest
—
kepentingan cagaran
self.employed owner
-
pemilik kerja sendiri
security requirement
—
keperluan cagaran
self-adjoint
-
dampingan sendin
333
seif-adjoint transformation
sensitivity analysis
self-adjoint transformation
—
self-contained town self-financing self-generating cycle-theory self-help development strategy self-liquidating self-liquidating bill self-liquidating loan self-produced goods self-regeneration of environment self-selective mechanism self-selective migration self-service self-sufficiency self-sustained growth
transformasi dampingan sendiri
self-weighting design
—
—
bandar serba lengkap
self-employed person
-
orang bekerja sendiri
—
pembiayaan sendiri
seller concentration
-
penumpuan penjual
-
teori kitaran
seller’s preference
—
keutamaan penjual
—
penjanaan sendiri strategi pembangunan bantu sendiri
selling function selling procedure
—
cair sendiri bil cair sendiri
—
pinjaman cair sendiri
—
—
—
— —
— —
semantic consideration semi log transformation semi-detached house
barang keluaran sendiri pemulihan sendiri alam sekitar mekanisme kawalan sendiri penghijrahan pilihan sendiri
334
—
fungsi penjualan tatacara penjualan
—
pertimbangan semantik transformasi separa log
—
—
rumah kembar
semi-industralized country
—
negara separuh industri
semi-in terquartile range
—
semi-permanent building
—
semi-skilled labour semi-skilled man semi-skilled worker semiconductor device semidefinite form senility sensitivity analysis
layan sendiri mampu din pertumbuhan terjamin sendiri
—
reka bentuk pewajaran sendiri
— —
— — — — —
julat separuh antara kuartil bangunan separuh kekal buruh separuh mahir pekerja separuh mahir pekerja separuh mahir peranti elektronik bentuk separuh definit ketuaan analisis kepekaan
sensitivity test
sequential likelihood ratio test
sensitivity test
—
ujian kepekaan
separation process
—
proses pengasingan
sensory test
—
ujian deria
separatism
—
fahaman pemisahan
pemprograman cembung boleh pisah
septic condition
-
keadaan septik
septic tank
-
kos boleh pisah
sequence sequence of harvest
separable convex programming separable cost separable function separable programming separable utility function separate entity approach separate quotation separate ratio estimate separate regression estimate separating hyperlane separation separation of boundary separation of ownership separation of source
-
~—
— -
-
-
—
fungsi boleh pisah pemprograman boleh pisah
-
sequence of observation
-
pendekatan entiti berasingan sebut harga berasingan
sequence of response process
—
jujukan rancangan
-
peruntukan berjujukan
sequential decision problem
—
pemisahan sempadan
sequential estimation
pengasingan pemilikan pengasingan punca
sequential likelihood ratio test
sequential analysis sequential decision
335
jujukan proses gerak balas
sequential allocation
perpisahan; pengasingan
-
-
jujukan pemerhatian/ jujukan pencerapan
sequency of plans
-
—
jujukan input
sequence of input
-
—
—
fungsi utiliti boleh pisah
anggaran nisbah berasingan anggaran regresi berasingan hipersatah berpisah
—
tangki septik jujukan jujukan penuaian
-
— -
—
-
-
analisis berjujukan keputusan berjujukan masalah keputusan berjujukan penganggaran beijujukan ujian nisbah kebolehjadian berjujukan
sequential method
sequential method sequential sampling sequential search sequential test serial correlation serial correlation test serially correlated error server server utilization service cooperative service cost service counter service department service discipline service employment service facility service servce service service
industry level rate road
sewage vessel
-
— — —
— — — — — — —
— — —
kaedah berjujukan pensampelan berjujukan
service sector service system service taxation service time service time distribution service vehicle serviced area services servicing problem set settlement settlement pattern severance damage severance tax sewage sewage disposal sewage sedimentation sewage sludge sewage treatment sewage treatment plant sewage vessel
carian berjujukan ujian berjujukan korelasi bersiri ujian korelasi bersiri alat terkolerasi bersiri pelayan penggunaan pelayan koperasi perkhidmatan kos perkhidmatan kaunter layan jabatan perkhidmatan disiplin layanan guna tenaga perkhidmatan kemudahan layanan; kemudahan perkhidmatan industri perkhidmatan tingkat perkhidmatan kadar layanan jalan susur 336
— — — — — -
— — — — — — — — — — — -
— —
sektor perkhidmatan sistem layanan pencukaian perkhidmatan masa layanan taburan masa layanan kenderaan perkhidmatan kawasan khidmat perkhidmat.an; layanan masalah layanan set penempatan; penyelesaian rupa susunan penempatan ganti rugi pemecahan cukai pemecahan kumbahan pembuangan kumbahan pengenapan kumbahan enap cemar kumbahan pemulihan kumbahan Loji pemulihan kumbahan salur kumbahan
sewer
shipment
sewer
-
sewer surcharge
—
sewer system
—
sewerage
—
pembetungan
sewerage programme
-
program pembetungan
sewerage system
-
sistem pembetungan
sewerage treatment plant
—
sex distribution sex ratio
—
pembetung bayaran tambahan pembetungan sistem pembetungan
—
shadow pricing
—
penentuan harga bayangan
shadow projection
—
unjuran bayangan
shale
—
syal
share oil share share capital share certificate share rent
— —
—
pemegang saham
-
perkongsian hasil
-
tanaman pokok pelindung
Sheppard’s correction for variance Sherman act shift
taburan jantina
shadow price
—
sharing revenue shelter belt plant Sheppard’s correction for moment
loji pembersih pembetungan nisbah jantina harga bayangan
—
shareholder
shift-charge engineer shifter of curve shifting shifting agriculture shifting cultivation shifting cultivator shifting of tax ship’s manifest shipment
minyak syal syer; bahagian; saham modal syer sijil syer sewa bahagian 337
-
pembetulan Sheppard untuk momen
-
pembentukan Sheppard untuk varians akta Sherman
—
giliran; anjakan
-
-
-
— -
jurutera ketua giliran penganjak keluk/pengalih keluk pengalihan/penganjakan; pindah pertanian berpindah pertanian pindah petani pindah pengalihan cukai manifes kapal pengiriman; kiriman; penghantaran
shipment pattern
shipment pattern shipper style
sight bill
—
pola pengiriman
-
gaya pengangkut/pengirim pembungkusjenis pengirim
-
perkapalan; pengiriman
shipping agent
—
ejen perkapalan
shipping association
—
shipping contract
—
shipping document
-
shipper-type packers shipping
shipping line shipping pollution shipyard shock wave shop front shopping arcade shopping centre shopping com’plex shopping facade shopping guide shopping precinct
—
persatuan perkapalan kontrak perkapalan
-
dokumen pengiriman; dokumen perkapalan syarikat perkapalan
—
pencemaran perkapalan
—
—
—
short bill short rate short run short-term asset short-term capital gains short-term plan short-run forecast short-term credit short-term liability short-term loan short-term planning short-time elasticity of supply shortage shortage fuel shortage of uranium. shortest path analysis shrinkage shrinkage problem sieve map sight bill
limbungan kapal gelombang kejutan depan kedai arked membeli-belah pusat membeli-belah kompleks membeli-belah muka rumah perkedaian panduan membeli-belah medan membeli-belah 338
— — — — — — — -
—
— — —
— — — —
bil jangka pendek kadar jangka pendek jangka pendek asetjangka pendek laba modal jangka pendek rancangan jangka pendek ramalan jangka pendek kredit jangka pendek liabiliti jangka pendek pinjaman jangka pendek perancangan jangka pendek keanjalan penawaran masa pendek kekurangan kekurangan bahan bakar kekurangan uranium analisis laluan terpendek pengecutan masalah pengecutan peta saringan bil segera
sign board
simple majority
sign board
-
sign post
-
sign test
—
tiang tanda ujian tanda
significance level
—
paras keertian
significant difference
—
perbezaan bererti
significant discovery
—
penemuan penting
significant test
—
ujian keertian
silicated wood silicon silicon bronze silicon carbide silicon copper silicon nitride silkworm silver silver bromide silver deposit silver poisoning silver standard silver sulphate
— —
— — — —
— — — — — —
papan tanda
silver treatment of water silver-lead silver-tin-ores silver-zinc battery similar region similarity mapping simple simple aggregate method simple aggregate index simple correlation simple correlation coefficient simple event simple exponential smoothing simple extrapolation
kayu tersilika silikon gangsa silikon silikon karbida tembaga merah silikon silikon nitrida ulat sutera perak/argentum argentum bromida deposit perak keracunan perak piawai perak argentum sulfat
-
ekstrapolasi mudah
— — — — -
-
simple hypothesis
—
simple interest
-
simple linear regression simple majority
339
—
perawatan air argenturn perak-timah hitain bijih perak-timah bateri perak-zink kawasan serupa pemetaan keserupaan rnudah; biasa kaedah agregat mudah indeks agregat mudah korelasi mudah koefisien korelasi mudah/ pekali korelasi mudah penstiwa mudah pelicinan eksponen mudah
—
— -
hipotesis mudah bunga biasa regresi linear rnudah majoriti mudah; lebih suara
simple majority voting system simple majority voting system
—
single proprietorship sistem pengundian majoriti mudah; sistem pengundian lebih suara
simple random sampling
-
simple Ricardian company
—
ekonomi Ricardo mudah
—
algoritma simpleks
simplex alogrithm simplex method
—
simplex tableau
—
simplicity of hypothesis
—
simulation simulation algorithm simulation language simulation of development simultaneous equation simultaneous equation bias simultaneous equation method simultaneous equation model
simultaneous equations model simultaneous maximum demand
pensampelan rambang mudah
simultaneous planning simultaneous response process single cell protein
kaedah simpleks jadual simpleks/tablau simpleks
—
—
—
—
—
pernudahan hipotesis
single equation single factorial terms of trade
simulasi algoritma sirnulasi
single harvest single input injection single objective planning
-
single peaked preference
-
—
bahasa simulasi simulasi pembangunan persamaan serentak bias persamaan serentak kaedah persamaan serentak
—
teknik persamaan serentak
— -
-
— — —
single peaked preference pattern single period inventory model single proprietorship 340
— —
— -
-
model persamaan serentak permintaan maksimum serentak perancangan serentak proses gerak balas serentak protein sel tunggal persamaan tunggal kadar syarat perdagangan faktorial tunggal tuai sekali suntikan input tunggal perancangan objektif tunggal keutamaan puncak tunggal pola keutamaan puncak tunggal
—
model inventori setempol
—
keempunyaan seorang
single schedule tariff single schedule tariff single smoothed estimate single smoothed statistics single tax single variable equation single variable input single-equation technique single-service queue single-stage process single-valued expectation single-valued function singular distribution singular matrix sink node sinking fund sinking-fund formula site site inspection site office
skid road
—
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — -
tarifjadual tungga]
site plan
-
pelan tapak
anggaran terlicin tunggal statistik terlicin tunggal cukai sekali persamaan pemboleh ubah tunggal input pemboleh ubah tunggal teknik persamaan tunggal giliran layanan tunggal proses satu peringkat jangkaan bernilai tunggal fungsi bernilai tunggal taburan singular matriks singular nod tumpuan dana terikat formula dana terikat tapàk pemeriksaan kawasan tapak pejabat tapak bina
site rent
—
sewa tapak
site value rating site value taxation siting situation situation report size approach size distribution size of business size of pie sketch plan skewed distribution skewed frequency curve
skewness skewness of income distribution skid road 341
— — -
— — —
— —
— —
— -
—
pemeringkatan nilai tapak pencukaian nilai tapak penempatan tapak keadaan/situasi/kedudukan laporan kedudukan/ laporan situasi pendekatan situasi taburan saiz size perniagaan saiz pai pelan lakar taburan terpencong keluk frekuensi terpencong/ keluk kekerapan terpencong kepencongan kepencongan agihan pendapatan jalan luncur
skilled labour
skilled labour skilled man slaughter slaughter house slavery sleeping partner slippage test slope slopping land sludge digestion slum area slum clearance slumping rate small farm small number small sampling theory small-sample property small-scale production smog injury
social choice theory
— —
— — — —
— — — —
— — — — — — —
buruh mahir pekerja mahir
smokeless zone
-
smoothed estimate
—
sembelih rumah sembelih perhambaan perkongsi tidur ujian gelinciran cerun
smoothed frequency polygon
tanah bercerun pencernaan enap cemar kawasan mundur pemugaran kawasan mundur kadar berkurang ladang kecil bilangan kecil teori pensampelan kecil sifat sampel kecil pengeluaran skel kecil kerosakan kabut; kecederaan kabut
smoothing constant
—
poligon frekuensi terlicin/ poligon kekerapan terlicin pemalar pelicinan
smoothing of time series
—
pelicinan siri masa
smoothing technique
—
teknik pelicinan
snob effect
—
kesan penyombong
snow field
—
padang salji
social
—
sosial/masyarakat
social account
—
akaun sosial
social awareness social bads
—
—
kesedaran sosial keburukan sosial
social benefit
—
faedah sosial
social benefit and cost
—
faedah dan kos sosial
social social social social 342
zon tak berasap anggaran terlicin
capital carrying capacity change choice theory
—
— — — —
modal sosial kapasiti pembawaan sosial perubahan sosial teori pilihan sosial
social contract
social contract social cost social damage social discount factor social discount rate social discrimination social disequilibrium social disruption social drive social dualism social efficiency social ends social facility social goods social goods allocation social goods pricing social indicator social indifference curve social insurance
social strata
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
—
— —
kontrak sosial kos sosial kecacatan sosial/ kerosakan sosial faktor diskaun sosial kadar diskaun sosial diskriminasi sosial ketakseimbangan sosial gangguan sosial desakan sosial dualisme sosial kecekapan sosial matlamat sosial kemudahan sosial barang sosial peruntukan barang sosial penentuan harga barang sosial penunjuk sosial
social justice social life cycle social marginal cost social marginal productivity social net returns social opportunity cost social overhead capital
keluk puas sama sosial insurans sosial
social service social strata
social planning social policy social prestige social rate of time preference social research social sacrifice social security
343
— — — -
— — — — —
— —
social security programme
—
social security tax
-
keadilan sosial kitaran hidup sosial kos sut sosial daya pengeluaran sut sosial pulangan bersih sosial kos melepas sosial modal overhed sosial perancangan sosial dasar sosial prestij sosial kadar keutamaan masa sosial penyelidikan sosial pengorbanan sosial keselamatan sosial program keselamatan sosial
-
cukai keselamatan sosial perkhidmatan sosial
-
strata sosial
social survey
social survey social time preference social utility social value social wants social welfare social welfare function
social welfare maximization social well-being social work socialization socialism socialist trade socially necessary labour time socially optimum policy societal relation socio-economicdata
soil amelioration
—
kaji selidik sosial keutamaan masa sosial
sosio-economic development
—
utiliti sosial
—
nilai sosial
socio-economic factor socio-economic goal
—
—
kehendak sosial kebajikan masyarakat fungsi kebajikan sosial/ fungsi kebajikan masyarakat pemaksimuman kebajikan sosial kesejahteraan sosial kerja sosial sosialisasi sosialisme perdagangan sosialis masa buruh perlu segi sosial dasar optimum segi sosial hubungan masyarakat
—
data sosioekonomi
— — —
—
— — — — — —
—
socio-economic research socio-economic survey sociocultural condition of economic development sosiocultural dualism sociologist soda ash sodium graphite reactor sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor soft coal soft goods soft radiation soft rock soft water software soil amelioration 344
—
— —
— — —
— — — —
—
— — — — — —
pembangunan sosioekonomi faktor sosioekonomi matlamat sosioekonomi penyelidikan sosioekonomi kaji selidik sosioekonomi syarat sosiobudaya dalam pembangunan ekonomi dualisme sosiobudaya ahli sosiologi abu soda reaktor natrium grafit reaktor pembiak cepat sejukan natrium arang batu lembut barang lembut sinaran lembut batuan lembut air lembut perisian pembaikan tanih
soil bank
soil bank soil classification map soil conservancy soil conservation soil depletion soil deterioration soil erosion soil fertility soil mismanagement soil productivity soil productivity programme soil profile soil resource soil suitability soil survey soil testing soil variability solar solar energy solar perihelion
source rock
— — — — —
— — — — —
bank tanih peta pengelasan tanih pemuliharaan tanih pemuliharaan tanih kesusutan tanih kemerosotan tanih hakisan tanih kesuburan tanih salah pengurusan tanih daya pengeluaran tanih program daya pengeluaran tanih profil tanih sumber tanih kesesuaian tanih kaji selidik tanih pengujian tanah kebolehubahan tanih suria tenaga suria perihelion suria
solar radiation solar tide sole trader solid hydrocarbon
—
sinaran suria pasang surut suria
solid waste
-
solid waste discharge
-
peniaga perseorangan hidrokarbon pepejal sisa pepejal/buangan pepejal buangan sisa pepejal
solid waste disposal
-
pembuangan sisa pepejal
solid waste disposal system
—
solution energy
—
solvent sound wave
— -
— -
sistem pembuangan sisa pepejal tenaga larutan mampu bayar gelombang bunyi
sour crude sour gas
—
minyak mentah masam gas masam
source area
—
kawasan punca
source source source source 345
-
of capital of loan fund of variation rock
—
— — — —
punca modal punca dana pinjaman sumbervariasi batuan sumber
sources or equity capital
specialized factor
sources or equity capital
-
space
—
punca modal ekuiti ruang
space allocation
-
peruntukan ruang
space dimension
—
dimensi ruang
space utilization
—
penggunaan ruang
spaciousness spanning set sparse vegetation
—
kelapangan (ruang)
-
set perentangan
sparsely populated region
—
tumbuhan jarang kawasan kurang penduduk
spatial
—
ruang
spatial benefit
—
faedah ruang
spatial choice theory spatial context of resource spatial. development spatial dispersion spatial effect spatial interaction spatial layout spatial spill-over model Spearman rank
-
— — — — — — -
Spearman rank correlation coefficient
346
koefisien korelasi pangkat Spearman/pekali korelasi pangkat Spearman
special area
—
kawasan istimewa
special deposit
-
deposit khas
special development area
—
special drawing right Special Drawing Rights (SDR) special grade special nuclear material special purpose district special revenue sharing special service district specialization specialization of country specialization of labour specialization of locality specialization of tool specialized factor
teori pilihan ruang konteks ruang sumber pembangunan ruang kekaran ruang kesan ruang saling tindakan ruang susun atur jarak model limpahan ruang pangkat Spearman
—
— —
-
— — — — — — — — —
kawasan pembangunan khas hak keluaran khas Hak Pengeluaran Khas (HPK) tingkatan khas; gred khas bahan nuklear khas daerah tujuan khas perkongsian hasil khas daerah perkhidmatan khas pengkhususan pengkhususan negara pengkhususan buruh pengkhususan daerah pengkhususan peralatan faktor terkhusus
species-flow mechanism
species-flow mechanism spesific discharge spesific gravity specific incidence specific rate specific rotary power
sports ground
—
mekanisme aliran-spesies
spending power
-
kuasa belanja
-
buangan tertentu
spending tax
-
cukai perbelanjaan
graviti spesifik insidens khusus
spike Spillman function
—
tonjolan
kadar khusus kuasa putaran spesifik
spillover
— —
— -
specific seasonal index
-
specific tariff
—
specific tax
—
specification
—
specification bias specification error specification of task spectral analysis speculation speculative motive speculators speed of convergence spending
spillover benefit spillover effect
indeks berrnusim khusus/ indeks bermusim spesifik tarif spesifik cukai spesifik
-
fungsi Spillman limpahan
—
faedah limpahan
—
kesan limpahan
—
spillover theory
-
spillway
-
teori limpahan alur limpah kesan kebencian cukai
spite effect of tax
—
spliced polynomial
-
—
spesifikasi bias spesifikasi
split line of credit
-
polinomial tersambung punca kredit berbilang
—
ralat spesifikasi
split-plot design
—
reka bentuk belahan petak
penentuan tugas analisis spektrum speku!asi motif spekulasi pespekulasi kelajuan penumpuan perbelanjaan
splitting of corporation
—
pemecahan syarikat
spoiled country side
—
tanah desa rosak
spontaneous harmony
—
harmoni spontan
spore coal
—
arang batu spora
sports centre
—
pusat sukan
sports ground
—
padang sukan
— — — — — —
347
spot
staffing
spot
—
semerta; spot
spot cash
-
bayar waktu terima
spot market
—
sprawl spread effect spring chicken spring lamb
—
— —
squatters resettlement
—
penempatan semula setinggan
pasaran semerta
stabilization
—
penstabilan
perpancaran
stabilization aspect
—
aspek penstabilan
kesan tebaran ayam muda
stabilization function
fungsi penstabilan dasar penstabilan
stabilization policy stabilizer
penstabil
spurious correlation
—
anak bin-bin musim bunga korelasi palsu
spurious relationship
—
perhubungan palsu
stabilizing effect stability
—
kesan penstabilan kestabilan
—
kestabilan keseimbangan
-
-
square (plaza)
—
inedan (plaza)
stability of equilibrium
square matrix
—
matriks ganda dua
stability of mineral
square root square root equation squared multiple correlation coefficient
— —
—
punca ganda dua persamaan punca ganda dua
stability of resource market stable
koefisien berbilang korelasi berganda dua/ pekali berbilang korelasi berganda dua
—
— -
kestabilan pasaran sumber stabil
stable money
—
stable population
—
wang stabil penduduk stabil
—
bon kuasa beli stabil
squared residual
—
sisa berganda dua
stable purchasing-power bond
squatter
—
setinggan
staff quarters
—
squatter area
—
kawasan setinggan
staffing
—
348
kestabilan galian/ kestabilan mineral
rumah kakitangan penstafan
stag
staple goods
stag
-
stag
stage of growth
-
tahap pertumbuhan
-
tahap penghijrahan
—
tahap pengeluaran
stage of migration stage of production stage theory
—
stagflation
—
teori tahap stagflasi
stagger planting
—
penanaman berperingkat
stagnation
—
genangan
stagnation thesis
—
tesis genangan
—
keluli tak karat
stainless steel stale cheque stamp duty standard standard standard standard standard standard standard
catchment deduction deviation error error of estimate error test form
— —
— — — — — —
standard money standard of living standard plan standard planning standard time standard unit cost standard wage rate standardization standardization function standardized goods standardized normal distribution standardized product
cek mati duti setem tadahan piawai potongan piawai sisihan piawai ralat piawai ralat piawai anggaran ujian ralat piawai bentuk piawai; borang piawai
standardized variable standing to sue standing water Stanford sediment model staple export staple food staple goods 349
— — — — — -
— —
—
— — — —
—
wang piawai taraf hidup pelan piawai perancangan piawai waktu piawai kos unit piawai kadar upah piawai pempiawaian fungsi pempiawaian barang terpiawai taburan normal terpiawai keluaran terpiawai pemboleh ubah terpiawai kesediaan mendakwa air bergenang model enapan Stanford eksport asasi makanan asasi; makanan ruji barang asasi
staple system
staple system state assessment state bank
stationary strategy
—
sistem utama
-
taksiran negara
state-dependent service rate static analysis
-
bank negeri faedah bon negara
state budget system
—
sistem belanjawan negeri
static decision static inventory model
state constitution
-
perlembagaan negeri
state bond interest
-
—
—
kadar layanan keadaan bersandar analisis statik
—
keputusan statik model inventori statik
static model
-
model statik
-
model Leontief statik
—
state enterprise
—
perusahaan negara
static Leontief model
state farmer’s association
—
persatuan peladang negeri
statics of development
—
statik pembangunan
pembiayaan negeri
station
—
stesen; hentian; balai
stationarity
—
kepegunan
-
geran kerajaan negeri doktrin peralatan negeri
—
campur tangan kerajaan
state land
-
tanah kerajaan negeri
state level
-
peringkat negeri
stationary model stationary population stationary probablity
—
kuasa negara
state finance state grant state instrumentality doctrine state interventiori
state power state space (Markov chain) state-dependent arrival rate
-
—
—
—
stationarity assumption stationary condition
stationary shop
ruang keadaan (rangkaian Markov)
stationary source stationary state
kadar ketibaan keadaan bersandar
stationary strategy 350
— -
— — -
— —
andaian kepegunan syarat pegun model pegun populasi pegun probabiliti pegun/ kebarangkalian pegun kedai alat tulis punca pegun
—
keadaan pegun
—
strategi pegun
stationary transition probability
stationary transition probability
—
steady-state economy probabiliti peralihan pegun/kebarangkalian peralihan pegun
statistical reporting service
—
statistical technique
—
statistical test statistical theory statistics statutory body statutory incidence statutory requirement statutory reserve steady state steady state distribution
stationary vehicle
—
kenderaan berhenti
statistical analysis
—
analisis statistik
—
aspek statistik
statistical aspect statistical decision statistical decision problem statistical statistical statistical statistical statistical
decision theory design economics estimate estimation
— —
— — — — —
statistical hypothesis statistical independence
—
statistical inference
—
statistical method statistical model
—
— —
keputusan statistik masalah keputusan statistik teori keputusan statistik reka bentuk statistik ekonomi statistik anggaran statistik penganggaran statistik hipotesis statistik ketakberkesandaran statistik pentadbiran statistik/ inferens statistik kaedah statistik model statistik 351
—
— — — -
— —
steady state equation
—
steady state model steady state probability
—
steady state solution
—
steady-state economy
—
—
perkhidmatan laporan statistik teknik statistik ujian statistik teori statistik statistik badan berkanun insidens berkanun keperluan undang-undang rizab berkanun keadaan mantap taburan keadaan mantap persamaan keadaan mantap model keadaan mantap probabiliti keadaan mantap/kebarangkalian keadaan mantap penyelesaian keadaan mantap keadaan ekonomi man tap
steady-state multiplier
stock broker
steady-state multiplier
—
Steagall amendment
-
pindaan Steagall
steam reforming method
-
kaedah pengubahan wap
steel
—
keluli
-
kaedah batu loncatan
stepping stone method stepwise autoregressive model
—
pengganda keadaan mantap
model autoregresif langkah demi langkah regresi langkah demi langkah
stepwise regression
—
sterile sector
-
sektor tandus
—
kawasan Sterling
—
bald Sterling
still birth
—
lahir-mati
still water
—
stimulus-response model
—
stochastic
—
stochastic assumption
—
stokastik andaian stokastik
stochastic demand
-
permintaan stokastik
Sterling area Sterling balance
stochastic dependence stochastic disturbance stochastic explanatory variable stochastic inventory model stochastic lead time stochastic linear programming stochastic matrix stochastic process stochastic programming stochastic regression model stochastic regressor stochastic term stochastic theory stochastic variable
air suling model rangsangan gerak balas
stock stock adjustment model
— — -
— -
—
— — — —
—
pregresi stokastik sebutan stokastik teori stokastik pemboleh ubah stokastik saham; stok; simpanan
-
model pelarasan stok
—
naik nilai stok broker saham
— — — —
stock appreciation stock broker 352
kebersandaran stokastik gangguan stokastik pemboleh ubah penjelas stokastik model inventori stokastik masa tunggu serahan stokastik pemprograman linear stokastik matriks stokastik proses stokastik pemprograman stokastik model regresi stokastik
stock control
stock control stock effect stock equilibrium stock exchange stock insurance company stock jobber stock market stock of money stock-flow conversion stockholder stocking rate stockout stockpile stockpile policy stockyard stockyard company stockyards administration stomach capacity stone field stone quarry
storey kawalan stok kesan simpanan/kesan stok
stop-go policy
-
stopping place
—
—
keseimbangan stok bursa saham
stopping rule stopping time
-
syarikat insurans stok
storage
jober saham pasaran saham stok wang penukaran aliran stok pemegang saham kadar penstokan kehabisan stok simpanan stok
—
—
— — — — —
—
dasar simpanan stok stokyard
—
syarikat stokyard
—
—
-
—
—
simpanan; penyimpanan
storage capacity
-
kapásiti penyimpanan
storage cost
—
kos simpanan
storage function
-
fungsi penyimpanan
-
storage reservoir storage service storage space storage surface storage-yield curve store store house store of value storekeeper storey
padang batu kuari batu 353
tempat berhenti peraturan pemberhentian masa pemberhentian
storage location storage of waste
pentadbiran stokyard kapasiti perut
dasar kuncup kembang
—
—
— — — — — — — -
letakan simpanan penyimpanan sisa takungan simpanan perkhidmatan penyimpanan ruang penyimpanan permukaan penyimpanan keluk hasil penyimpanan stor, kedai rumah stor simpanan nilai penyelenggara stor tingkat
storey plan
storey plan storm flow storm water straight end payment loan straight line straight line depreciation strata strategic material strategic mineral strategic monitoring device strategic planning strategic raw material strategic stockpile strategy stratification stratified random sample stratified random sampling stratified sampling
strictly convex function
— —
— —
— — — —
— — — — —
— —
-
pelan tingkat aliran ribut
stratum straw stream stream capacity stream flow synthesis stream pollution problem stream quality stream tin street street alignment street furniture Street improvement Street light Street parking street pattern stress mineral
aliran hujan ribut pinjaman pembayaran sekali gus garisan lurus susut nilai garis lurus strata bahan strategi galian strategi/mineral strategi peranti monitor strategi perancangan strategi bahan mentah strategi simpanan stok strategi strategi penstrataan sampel rambang berstrata pensampelan rambang berstrata
stress stream quality strictly bounded function strictly concave function strictly convex function
pensampelan berstrata 354
— — — — — —
— — — — — — —
— —
—
lapisan/strata jerami anak sungai kapasiti sungai sintesis aliran sungai masalah pencemaran sungai kualiti sungai timah lanar jalan jajaran jalan perabot jalan pembaikan jalan lampu jalan letak kereta tepijalan polajalan mineral tegasan/galian tegasan kualiti muka saliran fungsi berbatas tegas fungsi cekung tegas fungsi cembung tegas
strictly decreasing function
strictly decreasing function strictly increasing function strip cropping strip mining stripped oil well strontium mineral structural change structural characteristic structural equation structural form structural measure structural multinucleation structural planning structural theory structural transformation structural unemployment structuralist approach structure structure map
subtaudard
—
fungsi berkurangan tegas fungsi meningkat tegas tanaman berjalar perlombongan jalur telaga minyak terdedah galian strontium/mineral strontium perubahan struktur ciri struktur persamaan struktur bentuk struktur kawalan struktur pelbagai pemusatan struktur perancangan struktur teori struktur transformasi struktur pengangguran struktur pendekatan ahli struktur struktur
—
peta struktur
— — — — —
— — — — — —
— — — — —
structure of taxation -
structure of wage rate structure plan Student’s distribution
struktur pencukaian
-
struktur kadar upah
— —
pelan struktur taburan Student
Student’s statistic
—
study area
—
statistik Student kawasan kajian
stumpage tax
—
cukai balak
sub-ad libitum feeding
-
penyuapan sub-ad libitum
—
jalan saraf kecil
sub-arterial road sub-basement
-
sub-centre
—
sub-contract
—
sub-contractor sub-division sub-let sub-optimal resource utilization sub-regional level sub-standard 355
—
—
— —
—
—
subtingkat bawah tanah pusat kecil subkontrak; kontrak tambahan subkontraktor subbahagian; pecahan subkecil penggunaan sumber suboptimum peringkat subwilayah subpiawai
sub-standard accommodation
sub-standard accommodation sub-standard house
substitution
-
kediaman subpiawai
—
rumah subpiawai
-
pencawang pecah bagi
subsidiary coin subsidiary company.
subdivision control
—
kawalan subbahagian
subdivision of land
—
subject plan
—
pecah bagi tanah pelan subjek
subjective curve fitting
—
pemadanan keluk subjektif
subjective probability
—
subjective risk preference
—
probabiliti subjektif/ kebarangkalian subjektif keutamaan risiko subjektif
subsistence subsistence allowance subsistence crop subsistence farming
subjective value
—
nilai subjektif
subjectivity
—
kesubjektifan
sublease
-
submarginal grade
—
sub-station subdivide
submarine volcanic alp subordinate unit subscriber’s network subscript notation
—
—
-
subsea exploration
-
can gali bawah laut
subsea production
-
pengeluaran bawah laut
subsequent condition
— —
syarat lepas jadi syiling subsidiari
-
anak syarikat
subsidy
-
subsidi
subsidy scheme
-
skim subsidi
subsidy to technology
-
subsidi teknologi
-
cukup hidup; sara din elaun sara diii tanaman cukup hidup berladang cukup hidup
subsistence level
-
pajakan kecil
subsistence sector
—
tingkat cukup hidup; tingkat sara hidup sektor cukup hidup
gred submarginal
subsistence wage
-
upah cukup hidup
gunung berapi bawah laut unit subordinat
subsoil substitute substitute input substitution
rangkaian pelanggan tatatanda subsknp 356
— —
subtanih gantian input pengganti penggantian
substitution between factor
summing
substitution between factor
—
substitution coefficient
-
substitution effect
—
substitution in consumption substitution in production substitution rate subsurface exploration subsurface right suburb suburban suburban area suburban zone suburbanization subway succession duty successive sampling sufficiency sufficient condition
-
—
— — — — — — —
penggantian antara faktor
sufficient experiment sufficient statistics suitability of land sulphate sulphide deposit sulphide enrichment sulphur sulphur content sulphur emission control
koefisien penggantian/ pekali penggantian kesan penggantian penggantian dalam penggunaan penggantian dalam pengeluaran kadar penggantian can gali bawah permukaan hak bawah permukaan pinggir bandar pinggir bandar kawasan pinggir bandar zon pinggir bandar subperbandaran jalan bawah tanah duti penerimaan harta pensampelan berturutan kecukupan syarat cukup
sulphur penalty sulphur premium sulphur tax sum of squares sum of the error sum-of-year digit depreciation summation summation notation summer wood summing up 357
— — — — — — —
— —
up
uji kaji cukup statistik cukup kesesuaian tanah sulfat deposit sulfida pengayaan sulfida sulfur/belerang kandungan sulfur kawalan penyebaran kotoran sulfur denda sulfur premium sulfur
—
cukai sulfur hasil tambah ganda dua hasil tambah ralat susut nilai hasil tambah angka tahun penghasiltambahan tatatanda penghasiltambahan kayu musim panas
-
menghasil tambah
— — —
-
sumptuary tax
supply of input
sumptuary tax
-
cukai kawalan perbelanjaan
supervisory group
—
kumpulan penyeliaan
sunk capital
—
modal lesap
supervisory personnel
—
personel penyeliaan
sunk cost
—
kos lesap kitaran tompok matahan
supplement tax
-
cukai tambahan
-
—
institut pasar raya
sunspot cycle supermarket institute supercorporate control superette superficial expansion supergene ore mineral superior goods supermarket superphosphate
kesalingtambahan tambahan
tatatanda superskrip kos mengganti
supply expenditure
—
-
supply function
—
—
kapal terbang supersonik
supply house
—
fungsi penawaran gedung penawaran
—
superkeluli
—
margin penawaran
—
penawaran mata wang asing
—
penawaran input
— —
— — —
superscript notation
-
supervised credit
-
supplementary crops supplementary deposit supplementary feed supplementary product supplies zone supply supply constraint
—
-
supersteel supervise
-
kawalan superperbadanan superet pengembangan luas galian bijih supergen/ mineral bijih supergen barang atasan pasar raya superfosfat model superpopulasi
—
superpopulation model supersession cost supersonic aircraft
supplementanity supplementary
supply curve
—
menyelia
supply margin supply of foreign currency
—
kredit terawas
supply of input 358
— — — — —
—
tanaman tambahan deposit tambahan makanan haiwan tambahan keluaran tambahan zon bekalan penawaran konstren penawaran/ kekangan penawaran keluk penawaran perbelanjaan penawaran
supply response
supply response supply response model
sustained yield forest
—
—
gerak balas penawaran model gerak balas penawaran
supply shutdown threat
—
support programme
—
supportive plan
—
program sokongan rancangan menyokong
sure event
—
peristiwa pasti
surface enrichment of ore
—
ancaman sekat penawaran
pengayaan bijih permukaan
surface free energy
—
permukaan bebas tenaga
surface function
—
fungsi permukaan
surface mining
—
perlombongan permukaan
surface reclamation
—
pemulihgunaan permukaan
surface rights
-
hak permukaan
surface run-off
—
larian permukaan
surplus disposal programme
—
surplus food disposal
—
surplus labour
—
surplus value surplus variable surprise check surtax surtax exemption surveillance survey survey design survey origin and destination (traffic) survey result survey sampling survey value survival rate susceptible suspended solid suspension bridge suspension stage sustained growth sustained yield sustained yield forest
program penyelesaian lebihan p~enyelesaianmakanan lebihan buruh lebihan 359
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — -
nilai lebihan pemboleh ubab lebihan pemeriksaan mengejut cukai tokok pengecualian cukai tokok pengawasan kaji selidik reka bentuk kaji selidik kaji selidik mana ke mana (lalu lintas) basil kaji selidik pensampelan kaji selidik nilai kaji selidik kadar penakatan peka pepejal terapung jambatan gantung peringkat penggantungan pertumbuhan terjamin hash terjamin hutan basil terjamin
swamp
swamp swampy land swamp arrangement sweet crude swimming pool switching matrix switching probability
systems thinking
— — -
— — — -
switching variable symbolic stimulus symmetric distribution symmetric matrix symmetrical curve sychronization economics syngenetic deposit synthetic chemical synthetic estimation
— — — — — —
paya tanah paya pengaturan saling membantu minyak mentah manis kolam renang matriks pensuisan probabiliti pensuisan/ kebarangkalian pensuisan pemboleh ubah pensuisan rangsangan bersimbol taburan simetri mati-iks bersimetri keluk simetri ekonomi penyelarasan deposit sigenetik bahan kimia tiruan penganggaran tiruan
synthetic fiber synthetic meat synthetic polymer synthetic rubber system analysis system design system method of estimation system modelling system of grazing system of linear equations systematic sampling systematic statistics systematic variation systems analyst systems thinking
360
— — — -
— — —
— — — — —
gentian tiruan daging tiruan polimen tiruan getah tiruan analisis sistem reka bentuk sistem kaedah sistem penganggaran pemodelan sistem. sistem ragut sistem persamaan linear pensampelan bersistem statistik bersistem variasi bersistem juruanalisis sistem pemikiran sistem
t-distribution
tax
T t-distribution
—
taburan t statistik t
t—statistics
—
t-test
-
table
—
ujiant jadual
table or exponential
—
jadual eksponen
tableau tail area tail event tail of distribution tail-end loaded investment take-off stage tally tally sheet tangency condition tangible asset tangible benefit tangible personal property tangible security
-
— — — —
— — — — — —
—
tank reactor
—
reaktor tangki
tanker rate
—
kadar tangki
target target population
tablau kawasan hujung peristiwa hujung hujung taburan pelaburan tekanan hujung tahap pemecutan gundal; akur lembaran gundal keadaan bertangen
—
penentuan sasaran
tariff
-
tarif
tariff act
-
akta tarif
tariff preference tariff protection tariff quota tariff rate tariff revenue tariff structure task cycle task force taste tax 361
—
sasaran penduduk sasaran; populasi sasaran
target setting
tariff and quota tariff homogenising effect
aset ketara faedah ketara harta benda perseorangan ketara sekuriti ketara
-
— -
— -
-
— -
— -
tanf dan kuota kesan kehomogenan tanf keutamaan tarif perlindungan tarif kuota tarif kadar tarif hasil tanif struktur tarif pusingan tugas pasukan petugas cita rasa cukai
tax administration
tax legislation
tax administration
-
tax advantage
—
pentadbiran cukai kebaikan cukai
tax allowance
—
elaun cukai
tax assessable profit
-
untung boleh taksir cukai
tax assessment
—
taksiran cukai
tax avoidance
—
pelarian cukai
tax base
—
asas cukai
tax burden tax capacity tax capitalization tax change tax commission tax compact tax competition tax concession tax coordination tax credit tax deduction tax delinquency tax effect
— — — —
—
— — — — — — —
tax effort tax equalization tax equity tax escalator tax evasion tax exclusion tax exemption tax forfeiture tax foundation
beban cukai kapasiti cukai permodalan ~ukai perubahan cukai
tax handle tax harmonization tax haven
suruhanjaya cukai perjanjian cukai persaingan cukai konsesi cukai penyelarasan cukai kredit cukai potongan cukai kelalaian cukai kesan cukai
— — —
— — —
daya cukai penyamaan cukai ekuiti cukai eskalator cukai pengelakan cukai kekecualian cukai pengecualian cukai
—
denda cukai asas cukai
—
pengelolaan cukai
-
-
keharmonian cukai tempat berlindung cukai
tax holiday
—
kelepasan cukai
tax impact
—
tubrukan cukai
—
insentif cukai/galakan cukai
tax incentive tax incidence tax increase tax institute tax integration tax legislation 362
—
-
— — — — —
insidens cukai kenaikan cukai institut cukai integrasi cukai perundangan cukai
tax thnit
tax limit tax loophole
taxation deferral
— —
had cukai jalan melepas cukai
tax reversion
-
pengembalian cukai
tax ridden
-
penuh cukai
tax sharing tax sharing plan
tax on land value
—
tax on profit
—
cukai atas nilai tanah cukai atas keuntungan
tax paying unit
—
unit membayar cukai
tax penalty on foreign investment
—
cukai denda alas pelaburan asing
tax shelter
-
perkongsian cukai rancangan perkongsian cukai pelindung cukai
-
tax sparing
—
simpanan cukai
tax policy
—
dasar cukai
tax structure
—
struktur cukai
tax preference
—
keutamaan cukai
tax supplement
-
tambahan cukai
kadar cukai pembezaan kadar cukal rebat cukai penerimaan cukai
tax system tax-allowable loss
pengurangan cukai reformasi cukai
tax-loss carry back
—
cadangan reformasi cukai rizab cukai
tax-sparing agreement
—
tax rate tax rate differentiation tax rebate tax receipt tax reduction tax reform tax reform proposal tax reserve tax reserve certificate tax return tax revenue
— — — —
—
— —
— — —
tax-free tax-loss
taxable income taxation
sijil rizab cukai penyata cukai hasil cukai 363
— — — —
sistem cukai kerugian boleh benar cukai bebas cukai kehilangan cukai kehilangan cukai dibawa ke belakang persetujuan simpanan cukai
—
pendapatan boleh cukai pencukaian
taxation criterion
-
kriteria pencukaian
taxation deferral
—
penundaan pencukaian
-
taxation effect
technological stretching
taxation effect
—
kesan pencukaian
taxation of family unit
—
pencukaian unit keluarga
taxation of home owner taxation of house
—
teknik pengeluaran
technological advancement
—
kemajuan teknologi
technological breakthrough technological change
—
penemuan ulung teknologi
—
perubahan teknologi
—
pilihan~teknologi
pencukaian subsidiari
taxation power
—
kuasa mencukai
ta.xiway (airport)
—
jalan rayap (lapangan terbang)
teak forest
-
hutan kayujati
technical efficiency
—
kecekapan teknik
technical efficiency
—
—
technical improvement
—
technical knowhow
-
technical planning technical unit technician technique
— —
— —
teknik perancangan kawasan
technique of production
—
—
—
pencukaian pemilik rumah pencukaian rumah
taxation of subsidiary
technical assistance technical coefficient
technique for area planning
technological choice technological development technological diffusion
bantuan teknik koefisien teknik/pekali teknik
technological dualism technological epoch technological externality
— —
—
pembangunan teknologi peresapan teknologi/ pembauran teknologi dualisme teknologi
—
zaman teknologi eksternaliti teknologi
pembaikan teknik pengetahuan teknik
technological factor
—
faktor teknologi
technological forecasting
—
peramalan teknologi
perancangan teknik unit teknik
technological gap
-
jurang teknologi
technological process
—
juruteknik teknik
technological progress technological stretching
kecekapan teknik
364
—
—
proses teknologi kemajuan teknologi
-
peluasan teknologi
technological transmission
tentative proposal
technological transmission
—
—
insurans sementara
—
penghantaran teknologi arah aliran teknologi
temporary insurance
technological trend
temporary measure
—
langkah sementara
technological uncertainty
—
ketakpastian teknologi
—
pengangguran teknologi
temporary occupation licence
—
teknologi
—
teknologi keamatan faktor
-
pindahan teknologi
—
lelong tel-o
-
pindahan bertelegraf
technological unemployment technology technology of factor intensity technology transfer tel-o-auction telegraphic transfer telephone service loan
lesen pendudukan sementara
temporary provision
—
peruntukan sementara
temporary use
—
kegunaan sementara
tenancy
—
sewaan/penyewaan
tenancy agreement
—
perjanjian penyewaan
tenancy-by-the entirety
—
penyewaan cam keseluruhan
tenancy-in-common
-
sewaan umum
tenant
-
penyewa
deposit teletermal
tenant farmer
-
petani penyewa
carla suhu pembalikan suhu
tenant input
-
input penyewa
-
-
pemasangan plat contoh
tender form
borang tender
—
tender issue
—
terbitan tender
tensors product
-
basil darab tensor
tentative proposal
—
cadangan sementara
-
telethermal deposit
—
temperature chart
—
temperature inversion template assembly
—
pinjaman perkhidmatan telefon
temporal effect
—
temporary building
—
kesan masa bangunan sementara
temporary equilibrium
—
keseimbangan sementara 365
tenure
test of homogeneity
tenure
—
term of loan
—
term structure terminal
—
—
terminal action space
—
terminal decision rule
—
terminal elevator terminal market
cara milikan; tempoh pemegangan
—
strukturjangka masa
terrace house terrestrial radiation territoriality territory tertiary consumer
terminal ruang tindakan terminal
tertiary industry
-
peraturan keputusan terminal
tertiary occupation
—
syarat pinjaman; tempoh pinjaman
—
salur angkut terminal
—
pasaran terminal
terminal node
-
terminal plan
—
nod penamat rancangan terminal
terminal point
—
titik terminal; titik penamat
terminal public market
—
pasaran awam terminal
terms of exchange
—
syarat pertukaran
terms of reference
-
bidang rujukan
terms of trade
—
kadar syarat perdagangan
terms of trade deterioration
—
tertiary recovery tertiary sewage treatment tertiary treatment for waste water test case test discount rate test for homoscedasticity test of association test of equality test of goodness test of homogeneity
kemerosotan kadar syarat perdagangan 366
— —
— —
— -
—
— — — — — -
rumah teres sinaran bumi status wilayah wilayah pengguna peringkat ketiga/ pengguna perkhidmatan industri peringkat ketiga/ indust’ri perkhidmatan pekerjaan peringkat ketiga pemulihan peringkat ketiga pemulihan kumbahan peringkat ketiga pembersihan sisa air peringkat ketiga kes ujian kadar diskaun ujian ujian kehomoskedastian ujian perhubungan ujian kesamaan ujian ketepatan ujian kehomogenan
test of hypothesis
theory of linear correlation
test of hypothesis
—
ujian hipotesis
test of independent
-
ujian ketakbersandaran
test statistics
—
statistik ujian
textile industry
—
industri tekstil
texture
—
tekstur
theatre
—
panggung
Theils’s inequality coefficient Theil/ theorem theoretical autocorrelation function
—
teorem
—
fungsi autokorelasi berteori
theoretical distribution
-
taburan berteori
theoretical econometrics
—
ekonometrik berteori
theoretical economics
—
ekonomi berteori
theoretical frequency distribution
-
fungsi autokorelasi separa berteori/fungsi autokorelasi sebahagian berteori
theoretical-economic criteria theory
kriteria ekonomi berteori
theory of continuous response theory of decision making
koefisien ketaksamaan Theil/pekali ketaksamaan Theil
—
theoretical partial autocorrelation function
theory of democracy theory of discontinuous response theory of economic development theory of economic policy theory of environmental policy theory of grant
taburan frekuensi berteori/ taburan kekerapan berteori
theory of gravity theory of linear correlation 367
—
teori
—
teori gerak balas selanjar
-
teori membuat keputusan
-
teori demokrasi
—
teori gerak balas tak selanjar
—
teori pembangunan ekonomi
—
teori dasar ekonomi
—
teori dasar alam sekitar
-
teori geran
—
teori graviti teori korelasi linear
theory of second-best
theory of second-best thermal breeder reactor thermal electric plant thermal energy thermal inversion
Thunen ring
—
teori terbaik kedua reaktor pembaik terma
thermonuclear weapon third world
—
loji elektrik terma
thorium
—
tenaga terma
thorn forest
-
three stage least squares
—
—
—
pembalikan terma
thermal neutron
—
neutron terma
thermal pollution
—
pencemaran terma
thermal power station thermal radiation thermal reactor thermal shock thermal waste thermionic emission thermocline thermodynamic thermoelecjric power thermoelectricity termonuclear thermonuclear fusion thermonuclear reaction
— —
— —
— — — — — — — —
three-factor rotatable design
stesen kuasa termal sinaran terma
three-quarter moving average threshold effect
reaktor terma kejutan terma sisa terma pemancaran termion termoklin termodinamik kuasa termoelektrik termoelektrik termonuklear pelakuran termonuklear tindak balas termonuklear
senjata termonuklear dunia ketiga
—
torium hutan dun ganda dua terkecil tiga peringkat re~abentuk boleh gilir tiga faktor
—
purata bergerak sukuan tiga
—
kesan ambang
threshold hypothesis
—
hipotesis ambang
threshold limit
-
had ambang
threshold range
—
julat ambang
threshold size
—
thrift throat irritation
368
—
saiz ambang
—
jimat cermat rangsangan kerongkong
through road
—
jalan langsung
through traffic
—.
lalu lintas langsung
Thunen ring
—
lengkungan Thunen
—
Thunen-map
time of harvest
Thunen-map
-
petaThunen
tillable land
-
tidal action
—
tindakan pasang surut
timber product
—
tanah boleh tanam keluaran kayu-kayan
tidal and inland water
—
perairan pasang surut dan daratan
timber trend
-
arah aliran balak
time allocation
—
peruntukan masa
tidal current
—
paksi masa
—
time axis time classification
-
tidal dissipation of energy
arus pasang surut pelepasan tenaga pasang surut
—
time constraint
—
pengelasan masa konstren masa/kekangan masa
tidal energy system
—
sistem tenaga pasang surut
tidal gate
-
pintu pasang surut
time cost
—
tidal power
—
kuasa pasang surut
time dependent process
—
kos masa proses persandaran masa
tidal wave
—
gelombang pasang surut
time deposit
-
deposit masa
seri kriteria pemecahan sen
time dimension
-
dimensi masa
tie tie-breaking criterion
—
tied aid
—
bantuan terikat
time effect time factor
tied assistance
—
bantuan terikat
time frame
tied loan
—
tied rank
—
pinjaman terikat pangkat seri
tight constraint
—
time horizon time money time of gain
tight money
—
konstren ketat/kekangan ketat wang ketat
time of harvest 369
—
kesan masa faktor masa
-
rangka masa
—
-
—
ufuk masa pinjaman berjangka masa tambah berat (ternakan) masa menuai
time opportunity cost
titanium
time opportunity cost
—
kos melepas masa
time path
—
laluan masa
time preference
—
keutamaan masa
time price effect
-
kesan harga ikut masa
time rate
-
kadar masa
time reference
-
time reversal property time reversal test time series time series analysis
timing of income
—
timing of public spending
—
timing of structural change
—
rujukan masa
tin
-
timah
-
sifat pembalikan masa
tin alluvial
-
timah lanar
-
ujian pembalikan masa
tin chloride
-
siri masa analisis siri masa
tin concentrate tin ingot
-
tin mining area
-
—
time series data
-
data siri masa
time series forecast
—
ramalan siri masa
time series observation
-
time sharing qu~eues
—
giliran berkongsi masa
time variable
-
pemboleh ubah masa
time-rate wage
—
upah kadar masa
time-to-peak
—
masa ke puncak
penentuan masa perubahan struktur
timah klorida jongkong timah kawasan perlombongan timah ayan
tin plating industry
-
sadur timah industri sadur timah
tin price control
—
kawalan harga timah
tin smelting
—
peleburan timah
tissue shrink titanium 370
penentuan masa perbelanjaan awam
b~jihtimah padat
tin plate tin plating
pemerhatian sii masa/ pencerapan siri masa
penentuan masa pendapatan
— -
pengecutan tisu titanium
title examination
title examination
total revenue
-
pemeriksaan hak
title insurance
—
insurans hak
title theory
—
teoni hak milik
tobacco consumption
—
penggunaan tembakau
tobacco standard
-
piawai tembakau
tobacco tax
-
cukai tembakau
token money
—
wang tanda
tolerance interval
—
jeda toleransi
tolerance limit
—
had toleransi
toll bridge toll plaza
—
jambatan tol plaza tol
top-down planning
—
perancangan atas-bawah
top-down policy
—
dasar atas-bawah
topographic map
-
peta topografi
topographical plan
-
topographical survey topography
-
topological space topping process
—
-
— —
topping refinery topsoil Torrens system total administration planning total asset total capital stock total consumption total cost total derivative total differential total fertility rate total float
—
— -
-
— — -
total intermediate use
-
pelan topografi
total investment
-
ukur topografi rupa bumi/topografi
total linkage total monthly wage
ruang. topologi proses Loping 371
loji penapis toping tanih atas sistem Torrens perancangan pentadbiran menyeluruh jumlah aset jumlah stok modal jumlah penggunaan jumlah kos jumlah terbitan jumlah pembezaan kadar jumlah kesuburan jumlah lebihan masa/ jumlah apungan kegunaan perantaraan menyeluruh jumlah pelaburan
-
jumlah rantaian jumlah upah bulanan
total product
—
jumlah keluaran
total revenue
-
jumlah hasil
—
total sum of squares
trade creation
total sum of squares
-
jumlah hasil tambah ganda dua
town planning assistant
total value curve
—
total variation touchy question
—
kelukjumlah nilai jumlah variasi
town planning institute town planning practice
—
soalan menyinggung
tourism
—
pelancongan
town square townscape
tourism effect
—
kesan pelancongan
toxic effect
—
—
imbangan pelancongan
toxic substance
-
zon pelancongan perancangan bandar dan desa
toxicity of pollutant
—
trace gas trace of matrix
tourism balance touristic zone town and country planning
—
—
town board
—
lembaga bandaran
town centre
—
pusat bandar
town council town design town expansion town gas town map town plan town planning
— — —
— -
— -
trace element trace forecast
majlis bandaran reka bentuk bandar pengembangan bandar
tracer atom tracer gas tracking series tracking signal trade trade bill trade creation
gas pekan peta bandar pelan bandar perancangan bandar 372
—
pembantu perancangan bandar institut perancangan bandar
—
amalan perancangan bandar
—
medan bandar
—
—
— —.
—
seni bandar kesan toksik bahan toksik ketoksikan pencemar unsur surihan ramalan sunih gas surih surihan matriks
—
atom penyurih gas penyunih sin pengesan isyarat pengesanan perdagangan bil perdagangan
-
penciptaan perdagangan
— — -
trade cycle
trade cycle trade debtor trade deficit trade dependence trade depression trade diversion trade division trade effect trade fair trade policy trade price trade surplus trade union trade union congress trade union function trade zone trade-creation effect trade-in policy trade-mark
traffic movement
—
-
kitaran perdagangan
trade-off analysis trader
penghutang perdagangan defisit perdagangan
analisis tukar ganti pedagang
-
pusat perdagangan syarikat perdagangan
trading desk
—
meja perdagangan
pelencongan perdagangan bahagian perdagangan
trading partner
—
rakan perdagangan
trading stamp
—
setem perdagangan
kesan perdagangan pameran perdagangan
trading world
-
dunia perdagangan
tradition
-
dasar perdagangan harga perdagangan
traditional fishery traditional planning traditional technology
—
lebihan perdagangan kesatuan sekerja
—
kongres kesatuan sekerja
traffic circulation traffic congestion
fungsi kesatuan sekerja zon perdagangan kesan penciptaan per dagangan dasar tukar beli tanda perdagangan
traffic flow traffic intensity traffic island traffic lane traffic light traffic movement
—
— —
— -
— —
— —
—
— — —
— -
trading centre trading company
-
pergantungan perdagangan kemerosotan perdagangan
373
-
-
tradisi perikanan tradisional
-
perancangan traditional
-
teknologi tradisional
—
— — -
aliran lalu lintas kesesakan lalu lintas aliran lalu lintas keamatan lalu lintas pulau lalu lintas lorong lalu lintas lampu isyarat pergerakan lalu lintas
traffic sign
traffic sign traffic survey trail drive training centre
transit privilege
—
—
training placement
—
training service agency
-
training ground trans-national corporation
—
—
transaction transaction cost transaction demand
—
transfer income transfer of aid transfer of development rights
-
-
— —
transfer zone transfering ownership rights transformation transformation curve
kos urus niaga motif urus niaga
-
transfer tax
perbadanan antarabangsa urus niaga permintaan urus niaga
transfer
transfer payment transfer pricing
penempatan latihan agensi perkhidmatan latihan kawasan latihan
—
—
transfer of land transfer of property
pengiringan pusat latihan
-
transaction motive transcendental function transfer efficiency
isyarat lalu lintas kaji selidik lalu lintas
fungsi transenden pindahan kecekapan pindahan/ kecekapan penyerapan pindahan bantuan pindahan hak pembangunan
-
penentuan harga pindahan cukai pindahan
—
zon pindahan
-
pemindahan hak milik
-
transformasi keluk transformasi
transformation function
—
fungsi transformasi
transformation problem
—
masalah transformasi
transformed data
-
data terjelma
transhipment model
—
model pemunggahan
transhipment problem
—
transit transit privilege 3174
-
pindahan milik tanah pindahan hak milik harta benda bayaran pindahan
-
transient behaviour transient state
pendapatan pindahan
—
—
—
masalah pemunggahan kelakuan sementara
—
keadaan sementara
—
transit keutamaan transit
transit system
transit system transition probability transition probability function
treasury note
—
-
—
sistem transit probabiliti peralihan/ kebarangkalian peralihan fungsi probabiliti peralihan/ fungsi kebarangkalian peralihan
transition proportion
-
kadaran peralihan
transitional period
—
tempoh peralihan
transitional region
—
wilayah peralihan
transitivity
—
ketransitifan
transitivity principle
-
transitory consumption
—
prinsip ketransitifan penggunaan sementara
transitory income
-
pendapatan semen tara
transitory index
—
indeks sementara
transmission transmission mechanism transmission of economic growth transmission of electric power
— —
—
-
transport transportation expenditure transportation facility transportation method transportation network transportation problem transportation service transpose matrix transposition trap trash-collection agency travel expense travel-cost method travelling salesman problem
penghantaran mekanisme penghantaran penyaluran pertumbuhan ekonomi
treasury treasury bill
pengaliran kuasa elektrik
375
— — — — — —
— —
— -
pengangkutan perbelanjaan pengangkutan kemudahan pengangkutan kaedah pengahgkutan rangkaian pengangkutan masalah pengangkutan perkhidmatan pengangkutan matriks transpos transposisi/silang ganti perangkap agensi pemungutan sampah sarap belanja perjalanan kaedah kos perjalanan masalah jurujual kembara
-
perbendaharaan bil perbendaharaan
treasury department
-
jabatan perbendaharaan
treasury note
-
wang kertas perbendaharaan
-
tresury view
treasury view tree diagram
tropical rain forest
—
pandangan perbendaharaan
trend
—
gambar rajah pokok arab aliran
trend analysis
—
analisis arah aliran
trend curve
-
keluk arab aliran
trend fitting
—
pemadanan arah aliran
trend gains trend line trend value trend-line fitting
-
— — —
—
trespass permit
—
trial and error
—
trial stage triangular basis triangular distribution triangular inequality triangular matrix triangularization tribal analogy
-
— — — — —
trickle-down effect trigonometric function trigonometric regression model trinomial random variable triple exponential smoothing
laba arah aliran garisan arah aliran nilai arah aliran pemadanan garisan arah aliran cuba-cuba peringkat cubaan basis segi tiga taburan segi tiga ketaksamaan segi tiga matriks segi tiga penyegitigaan analogi kepuakan 376
kesan lelahan fungsi trigonometni
—
model regresi tnigonometri
—
—
pemboleb ubah rambang tninomial pelicinan eksponen ganda tiga
triple smoothed statistics
—
statistik terlicin ganda tiga
triplet
—
kembar tiga
-
bahagi tiga tritium
trivial solution
—
penyelesaian trivial
trophic level
—
paras trofik
trophic process
—
proses trofik
tropical
—
tropika
tropical agriculture
—
pertanian tropika
tropical city
—
bandar raya tropika
tropical forest
—
hutan tnopika
tropical rain forest
—
hutan hujan tropika
trisect tritium
permit lalu
—
-
—
tropical semideciduous forest tropical semideciduous forest tropical soil
-
two-phase sampling hutan separa luruh tropika
trust fund trustee saving bank
—
dana amanah bank simpanan amanah
—
—
tanah tropika
trubidity of water
—
kekeruhan air
true class limit
—
had kelas benar
turnover tax
-
cukai pusing ganti
true response function
—
fungsi gerak balas sebenar
—
nilai kekurangan sebenar
twice differentiable concave function
—
taburan gama terpangkas
twice differentiable convex function
—
taburan normal terpangkas
two equation system
true scarcity value truncated gamma distribution truncated normal distribution truncated random variable truncated range truncated sequence truncated Poisson distribution truncation method truncation remainder trunk line trunk road trust
—
—
—
—
— — — —
two price plan two variable input model
pemboleh ubah rambang terpangkas julat terpangkas jujukan terpangkas taburan Poisson terpangkas
377
—
fungsi cekung boleh beza dua kali fungsi cembung boleh beza dua kali sistem dua pensamaan
-
rancangan dua harga model dua input berubah
two variable inputs
-
dua input berubah
two way stratification
-
two-class saving model
-
penstrataan dua hala model tabungan dua kelas
two-gap model
—
model dnajurang
—
tarif dua bahagian
two-part tariff two-person zero-sum game
kaedah pemangkasan lebihan pangkasan jalan utama jalan banang amanah
-
—
—
permainan basil tambah sifar dua orang
two-phase method
—
kaedah dua-fasa
two-phase sampling
—
pensampelan dua fasa
two-sided test
two-sided test two-stage cluster sample two-stage cluster sampling two-stage least squares two-tailed exponential distribution two-tailed test two-tier pricing system
typical year method
— -
—
—
—
ujian dua sisi sampel gugusan dua tahap pensampelan berkelompok dua tahap ganda dua terkecil dua tahap taburan eksponen dua hujung ujian dua hujung sistem penentuan harga dua tingkat
two-valued process two-way analysis of variance two-way classification flying aid type one error type two error type of farming area type of hypothesis type of land use typical seasonal index typical year method
378
— —
— — — — — -
proses dua-nilai analisis varians dua hala pengelasan dua hala bantuan berikat ralat jenis satu ralat jenis dua. jenis perladangan kawasan jenis hipotesis jenis gunaan tanah indeks bermusim lazim kaedah tahun lazim
U-shaped frequency curve
underconservation
U
unconstrained maximization
U-shaped frequency curve
-
keluk frekuensi bentuk U
unanimity
-
kesepakatan
unanimity rule
-
peraturan kesepakatan
unbalanced growth strategy
-
unbalanced transportation problem unbiased unbiased estimate unbiased estimator
-
-
-
unconstrained minimization
strategi pertumbuhan tak terimbang
unconstrained optimization
masalah pengangkutan tak terimbang takbias anggaran tak bias penganggar tak bias
set tak boieh bilang tanah terbiar
uncultured land
-
unbounded horizon
-
ufuk tak terbatas
undefined term under capacity under identified equation
-
penyelesaian tak terbatas tanah lapang
-
ketakpastian ramalan tanpa syarat
under population under-assessment of property
-
geran tak bersyarat
underconservation
uncertainly
-
unconditional forecast unconditional grant
379
pengoptimuman tak herkonstren/pengoptimuman tak berkekangan
-
rizab tak dipinjain
unbounded solution unbuilt area
-
perninimuman tak berkonstren/peminimuman tak berkekangan
-
-
masalah tak terbatas
-
uncultivated land
unborrowed reserve
—
-
pemaksimuman tak berkonstren/pemakaimuman tak berkekangan
uncountable set
undated security
unbounded problem
—
—
— -
-
tanah terbiar sekuriti tak bertanikh sebutan tak bertakrif kepasiti kurang persamaan terkurang kenal pasti kurang penduduk kurang penaksiran harta benda kurang pemuliharaan
unemployment insurance
underconsumption underconsumption underconsumption with rationing
—
—
underdeveloped
—
underdeveloped area
—
underdeveloped country
—
underdeveloped economy
-
underdeveloped region
-
underdevelopment
-
kurang penggunaan
underground mining
-
kurang penggunaan dengan pencatuan
underground railway
—
underidentification
-
pengenalpastian terkurang
kurang maju/kurang membangun
underinvestment
-
kurang pelaburan
undersaving
—
kurang tabungan
undersea mining
—
undersupply
-
kawasan kurang maju/ kawasan kurang membangun negana kurang maju/negara kurang membangun ekonomi kurang maju/ekonomi kurang membangun wilayah kurang maju/ wilayah kurang membangun
-
guna tenaga tak penuh
underexploited stock
-
stok kurang dieksploitasi
underfiow
—
aliran bawahan
underground drainage
-
salman bawah tanah
—
undeveloped land
—
undirected branch undistnibuted profit undistributed profit tax
kurang pembangunan/ kurang kemajuan
underemployment
underutilization undervalue undervalued currency
unearned income unearned increment unemployment unemployment benefit unemployment fund unemployment insurance 380
—
— — -
perlombongan bawah tanah jalan kereta api bawah tanah
perlombongan dasar laut kurang penawaran kurang penggunaan kurang nilai mata wang terkurang nilai tanah belum membangun cabang tak terarah untung tak diagih cukai untuk tak diagih
—
pendapatan tak usaha tambahan tak usaha penggangguran bantuan pengangguran dana pengangguran
—
insurans pengangguran
— — —
unemployment relief
unit hydrograph
unemployment relief
—
unemployment search
pemeriksaan pengangguran
uniform-percentage discharge
—
jeda kelas tak sama
uniformity rule
—
—
keupayaan fiskal tak sama
uniformly minimum risk
-
—
kos belum habis
—
variasi tak terjelas
unexploited deposit
—
deposit tak dieksploitasi
unexploited power
—
unequal class interval unequal fiscal capacity unexpired cost unexplained variation
unfair competition unfair market practice unfair practice unified budget unified cost theory unified theory uniform acceleration uniform commercial code uniform distribution uniform growth uniform interest rates uniform tariff
—
legaan pengangguran
-
kuasa tak dieksploitasi persaingan tak adil
—
amalan pasaran tak adil
— — — — — — — — —
uniformly most powerful test unimodal distribution
peraturan keseragaman risiko minimum secara seragam ujian terkuat seragam
—
taburan ekamod
union
—
gabungan; kesatuan
union event
-
peristiwa gabungan
unique unique solution unique statistical form uniqueness theorem unit unit bank
381
buangan berperatusan sama
-
union of sets unionization
amalan tak adil belanjawan tercantum teori kos tercantum teori tercanturn pencepatan seragam kanun perdagangan seragam taburan seragam pertumbuhan seragarn kadar faedah seragam tarif seragarn
—
— —
— —
—
kesatuan set penyatuan unik penyelesaian unik bentuk statistik unik teorem keunikan
—
unit bank unit
unit cost
—
kos unit
unit hydrograph
-
hidrograph unit
—
unit labour cost
upper class limit
unit labour cost
—
kos buruh seunit
unit matrix
-
matriks unit
unit property
—
sifat unit
unit tax unit trust unit to account unit vector
unitary transformation univariate distribution universal statement universe universe of outcome university zone unknown mean unknown variable unknown variance
-
gasolin tanpa plumbum penawaran buruh tak terhad sekuriti tak tersenarai
unlisted security
-
—
cukai unit amanah unit
unmeasured benefit
—
—
unit pengiraan
—
—
vector unit
unmeasured cost unordered estimate
faedah tak tertaksir kos tak tertaksir
-
anggaran tak tertib
keanjalan satu
unordered pair
-
pasangan tak tertib
-
matriks satu
unpaid balance
-
bald hutang
—
transformasi satu
unpaid worker
-
pekerjaan tak berubah
taburan satu pemboleh ubah kenyataan universal! kenyataan sejagat
unrestricted sampling
-
pensampelan tak terbatas
-
unitary elasticity unitary matrix
unleaded gasoline unlimited labour supply
-
—
— — -
-
semesta/sejagat
unrestricted variable unskilled labour unstable atmospheric
-
unstable equilibrium
semesta natijah zon universiti mm tak diketahui pemboleh ubah tak diketahui varians tak diketahui
keseimbangan tak stabil nilai naik
up-valuation updating of input-output table upper atmosphere upper class limit 382
pemboleh ubah tak terbatas buruh tak mahir keadaan atmosfera tak stabil
-
— -
mengemas kinijadual input-output atmosfera atas had kelas atas
upper confidence liniit
urban sprawl
upper confidence limit
—
upper quartile
—
hak keyakinan atas kuartil atas/penyuku atas
upper tolerence limit
—
had ketahanan atas
urban economics urban form
upper triangular matrix
—
matriks segi tiga alas
urban fringe
-
rupa bentuk bandar pinggir bandar
upstream operation
—
operasi ke hadapan
urban household
—
isi rumah bandar
upward transitional area
—
kawasan peralihan meningkat
urban landscape
-
upward transitional region
—
urban migration
-
urban pattern
-
uranium uranium enrichment technology
— —
urban drift
—
pengaliran bandar
—
ekonomi bandar
—
wilayah peralihan meningkat uranium teknologi pengayaan uranium
seni taman bandar/ pemandangan daratan bandar penghgrahan bandar
—
pola bandar perancangan bandar
-
penduduk bandar
uranium glass
—
kaca uranium
urban planning urban population
uranium mining
-
perlombongan uranium
urban poverty
—
kemiskinan bandar
-
bandar
urban problem area
-
bidang masalah bandar
kawasan bandar
urban public sector urban redevelopment urban renewal
urban urban area urban centre urban urban urban urban
congestion conglomeration decay development
-
—
pusat bandar kesesakan bandar pengkonglomeratan bandar kemerosotan bandar
—
pembangunan bandar
—
— -
urban settlement urban sociology urban sprawl 383
— —
sektor awam bandar pembangunan semula bandar pembaharuan bandar
—
penempatan bandar sosiologi bandar
—
pepancaran bandar
—
urban strata
urban strata urban structure model urban transit
utopia
-
strata bandar model struktur bandar transit bandar
urban transport
-
pengangkutan bandar
urban turf
-
padang rumput bandar
urban ugliness urban unemployment
—
—
kehodohan bandar pengangguran bandar
urban zone
—
zon bandar
urban zoning
—
pengezonan bandar
urban-rural difference urbanization
-
—
perbezaan bandar-desa pembandaran
urbanize
—
membandarkan
urbanized area
—
kawasan diperbandarkan
urea
—
urea
usable ore
-
use capacity use value taxation user cost user cost of capital
—
user tax user-charges usury utilization factor utilitarian utilitarianism utilities utility utility comparison utility curve utility function utility map utility maximization utility possibility curve utility room utility service utopia
bijih boleh guna
—
kapasiti mengguna pencukaian nilai guna
-
kos pengguna
-
kos modal pengguna
—
user day
384
-
-
— —
—
-
han pengguna cukai pengguna caj pengguna tiba faktor penggunaan utilitarian utilitarianisme kemudahan awam utiliti perbandingan utiliti keluk utiliti fungsi utiliti peta utiliti pemaksimuman utiliti keluk kemungkinan utiliti bilik utiliti perkhidmatan utiliti utopia
vacant land
variable levy
V vacant land vacuum filtration of sludge
— —
tanah kosong penurasan vakum enap cernar
valid
-
sah
validation of inflation
-
pengesahan inflasi
validity valley valley profile valuation valuation difficulty valuation of benefit valuation technique value value added value added tax value analysis group value image value index
— — — — —
— —
— — —
value judgement
-
value of average product
—
value of information value of marginal product
—
nilai maklumat nilai keluaran sut
—
nilai maklumat sempurna
value of social product
—
nilai keluaran social
value of solitude
-
nilai kesunyian
value system
—
sistem nilai
value-added approach
-
pendekatan nilai ditambah
value-added taxation
-
pencukaian nilai ditambah
variability
-
kebolehubahan
variable
-
pemboleh ubah; berubah
variable cost
-
kos berubab
variable costing
-
variable factor
-
faktor berubah
variable input
-
input berubah
variable levy
—
levi berubah
value of perfect information
kesahan lurah; lembah profil lembah; profil lurah penilaian kesukaran penilaian penilaian faedah teknik penilaian nilai nilai ditambah cukai nilai ditambah kumpulan analisis nilai imej nilai indeks nilai 385
—
pertimbangan nilai nilai keluaran purata
penentuan kos berubah/ pengekosan berubah
vertical combination
variable commision variable commision
-
variable payment
—
bayaran berubah
variable plan
—
rancangan berubah
variable proportion
—
perkadaran berubah
variable rate tariff
-
tarif kadar berubah
variable transition probability
-
pengetepian pemboleh ubah
veal grade
-
gred daging lembu muda
vector
—
vektor
vegetable kingdom
—
alam tumbuh-tumbuhan
vegetable protein
—
protein sayuran
velocity
-
halaju
velocity of circulation
-
halaju pusingan
-
halaju pusingan wang
probabiliti peralihan berubah/kebarangkalian peralihan berubah
velocity of circulation of money
variance
—
varians
velocity of money
variance of response’
—
varians gerak balas
variance ratio
—
nisbah varians
Venn diagram vent of surplus
variance ratio distribution
—
taburan nisbah varians
vent-for-surplus doctrine
—
variance spectrum
—
spektrum varians
variate difference method
-
verification
—
variation
—
variation of price variation of tariff vault cash
kaedah bezaan pemboleh ubah
-
variasi harga variasi tarif
—
tunai di bank
—
vertebrate vertex
variasi, perubahan
vertical asymptote vertical axis vertical combination 386
-
— —
—
— —
-
halaju wang gambar rajah Venn saluran lebihan doktrin saluran untuk lebihan pengesahan vertebrat bucu asimptot menegak paksi menegak kombinasi menegak
vertical complementarity
vertical complementarity vertical coordination vertical coordination retailing
voluntary food chain
— — —
pelengkap menegak penyelarasan menegak peruncitan penyelarasan menegak penyepaian menegak
vertical disintegration
—
vertical equity
—
ekuiti menegak
—
integrasi menegak
vertical integration vertical specialization vertical summation viable technology
— — —
pengkhususan menegak penghasiltambahan menegak teknologi berdaya maju
vicious circle
—
village plan
—
putaran ganas pelan kampung
virgin forest
-
hutan dam
virgin land policy
—
dasar tanah dara
virtually disjoint subspace
—
visitor use
—
visual resource
—
kegunaan pelawat sumber pemandangan
visual test
-
ujian penglih~tan
vital rate volcanic activity volcanic gas volcanic rock volcanic shield cluster
— -
volume
—
volume change
-
volume of trade volume table volume-line function
—
virtuous circle
-
subruang tak bersamping sebenar putaran berbudi
visibility
—
kebolehlihatan
voluntary cooperation
—
visible export
—
eksport nampak
voluntary food chain
-
visible trade effect
—
kesan perdagangan nampak 387
-
voluntary chain grocery
-
kadar penting kegiatan gunung berapi gas gunung berapi batuan gunung berapi gugusan perisai gunung berapi jumlah (barangan); isi padu (bekas) perubahan isi padu; perubahan jumlah jumlah perdagangan jadual isi padu fungsi garisan isi padu kedai runcit berangkai sukarela kerjasama sukarela rantaian kedal bahan makanan sukarela
voluntary service voluntary service voluntary transfer voluntary unemployment Von-Neumann ratio voter attitude voter preference
voting strategy
— — —
— —
perkhidmatan sukarela pindahan sukarela pengangguran sukarela
voting voting voting voting voting
nisbah Von-Neumann sikap pengundi keutamaan pengundi
388
-
by coalition paradox rule strategy
— -
pengundian pengundian secara penyatuan paradoks pengundian peraturan pengundian strategi pengundian
wage
war debt
w wage
—
wage rate distribution
-
taburan kadar upah
upah
wage rigidity
-
ketegaran upah
wage subsidy wage system
wage bargaining
—
tawar-menawar upah
wage claim
—
tuntutan upah
wage competition wage contour wage cost creep wage council wage cut wage determination wage differential wage discrimination wage drift wage explosion wage goods wage guideline wage inflation wage level wage policy wage rate
— — — — — —
— — — — — — —
wage-fund doctrine
persaingan upah kontur upah rayapan kos upah majlis upah potongan upah penentuan upah
wage-fund theory wage-price control
kebezaan upah diskriminasi upah hanyutan upah ledakan upah barang upah garis panduan upah inflasi upah tingkat upah dasar upah kadar upah
-
doktrin upah-dana
—
teori upah-dana kawalan upah-harga
wage-price guideline
-
garis panduan upah-harga
Wagner law
—
hukum Wagner
waiting cost
—
waiting line waiting line discipline waiting line model waiting list waiting reward waiting time distribution Walrasian system wants war debt 389
—
subsidi upah sistem upah
—
—
—
—
—
— — — -
kos menunggu baris menunggu disiplin bans menunggu model bans menunggu senarai menunggu ganjaran menunggu/ ganjaran menanti taburan masa menunggu sistem Walras kehendak hutang pepenangan
war finance
water power
war finance
-
pembiayaan peperangan
war loan
—
pinjaman peperangan
wan on poverty
—
memerangi kemiskinan
warehouse
-
warm air mass
—
gudang kumpulan udara panas
-
iklim panas
—
anus panas
—
pengainan air panas
warm climate warm current warm water irrigation warranted demand warranted rate of growth
—
—
waste
-
waste disposal
—
waste heat waste land waste recycling
—
pembuangan kotonan; pembuangan sisa haba sisa tanah tandus
-
water drive water electrolysis method water gas water hole water improvement water injection
pembaziran; sisa; buangan
pengitaran semula sampah
waste-treatment subsidy
water cycle water demand water density water disposal
kadar pertumbuhan terjamin
-
—
water content water course
permintaan terjamin
—
waste-disposal system
water boiler water consumption
water irrigation water law water level
— — — —
— —
— —
dandang air peflggunaan air kandungan air aliran air kitaran air permintaan air ketumpatan air buangan air
-
tolakan air kaedah elektrolisis air gas air lubang air pembaikan air
—
suntikan air
— — — —
—
pengairan air undang-undang air
—
—
aras air
sistem pembuangan sampah/ sistem pembuangan sisa
water mill
—
kincir air
water pollution
—
subsidi pemulihan buangan
water power
—
390
pencemanan air kuasa air
water proof
wealth distribution
water proof
—
kalis air
water purification
—
penulenan air
water quality water quality improvement water rationing
waterfall
—
—
kualiti air pembaikan kualiti air
penyakit bawaan air/ penyakitjangkitan air air terjun
waterlog
-
air takung
—
pencatuan air
watershed
-
legeh
—
—
water-born disease
-
water resource
—
sumber air
watershed conservation
water resource project
projek sumber air
watershed management
—
—
pengekalan legeh pengurusan legeh
-
model legeh
-
gelombang; ombak
water resource system
—
sistem sumber air
watershed model
water rights
—
hak atas air
wave
kekurangan air pelembutan air
wave energy wave front
bekalan air pembangunan sistem air (perairan)
weak convergence
—
weak duality theorem
—
weak law of large number
—
weakly magnetic mineral
—
wealth
-
water shortage water softening water supply water system development water table water transportation water use water wheel water-based recreation
— —
— —
—
— — — —
— —
aras mata air pengangkutan air kegunaan air kincir air rekreasi berasaskan air/ lipur diii berasaskan air
wealth composition wealth distribution 391
tenaga gelombang muka gelombang penumpuan lemab teorem dualiti lemah hukum nombor besar lemah galian bermagnet lemah/ mineral bermagnet lemah kekayaan
-
komposisi kekayaan
-
pengagihan kekayaan
wealth effect
welfare cost of tariff
wealth effect
-
kesan kekayaan
wealth tax
—
cukai kekayaan
weather measurement
—
pengukuran cuaca
weather modification
—
pengubahsuaian cuaca
weathering process
—
proses luluhawa
wedge diagram
-
gambar rajah baji
weed control
-
kawalan rumpai
weeding
—
merumput
weight factor
-
faktor wajanan
weightage
—
pewajaran
weighted aggregate index weighted aggregate method weighted arithmetic mean
-
indeks agregat berwajaran
—
kaedah agregat berwajaran
—
weighted average
mm
weighted least squares method weighted marginal utility weighted mean weighted moving average weighted regression weighted regression estimate weighted sum weighting factor welfare welfare cost welfare cost of custom union welfare cost of distortion welfare cost of merger welfare cost of monopoly welfare cost of quota welfare cost of tariff
aritmetik berwajaran
purata berwajaran
weighted geometric mean
—
mm geometri berwajaran
weighted harmonic mean
—
mm
weighted index number method
weighted least square
-
harmoni berwajaran
kaedah nombor indeks berwajaran 392
—
—
-
— —
— —
— — —
— — —
ganda dua terkecil benwajanan kaedah ganda dua terkecil berwajaran utiliti sut berwajaran mm berwajaran purata bergerak berwajaran regresi berwajaran angganan regresi berwajaran hasil tambah berwajaran faktor pewajaran kebajikan kos kebajikan kos kebajikan kesatuan kastam kos kebajikan herotan kos kebajikan penyatuan kos kebajikan monopoli kos kebajikan kuota kos kebajikan tarif
welfare criterion
welfare criterion welfare economics
wildlife population
-
kriteria kebajikan ekonomi kebajikan
wholesale
-
borong
welfare effect
—
kesan kebajikan
wholesale agent
—
ejen borong
welfare expenditure
—
perbelanjaan kebajikan
wholesale price index
-
indeks harga borong
welfare function
-
fungsi kebajikan
wholesale sales tax
—
cukai jualan borong
welfare maximization
-
pemaksimuman kebajikan
wholesaler
—
welfare payment
-
bayaran kebajikan
wholesaling
—
welfare policy
-
dasar kebajikan
wide bargaining area
—
welfare programme
—
program kebajikan
welfare state
-
negara kebajikan
widening gap
—
welfare transfer
-
pindahan kebajikan
widening investment
—
pelaburan meluas
welfare triangular
—
segi tiga kebajikan
wildcat acreage
—
kawasan liar
well operating cost
—
kos kendalian telaga
wildcat appraisal well
—
telaga penilaian liar
well-ordered set
—
set tersusun rapi
wildcat strike
—
penemuan liar
—
white-collarjob
—
kerja kolar putih
pemborong jualan borong kawasan tawar-menawar menyeluruh jurang meluas
Westphal balance
-
imbangan Westphal
wildlife
—
hidupan liar
wet adiabatic
—
adiabatik basah
wildlife conservation
-
pemuliharaan hidupan liar
wet gas
—
gas basah
wildlife damage
—
kemusnahan hidupan liar
—
emas putih
wildlife management
-
pengurusan hidupan liar
-
gangguan putih
wildlife population
-
penduduk hidupan liar
white gold white noise
393
wildlife refuge wildlife refuge
worker
-
tempat perlindungan hidupan liar
withdrawal’s fee
—
withholding of income tax
-
fi penarikan penangguhan cukai pendapatan
wildlife research
-
penyelidikan hidupan liar
wildlife sanctuary
-
perlindungan hidupan liar
withholding tax
-
penangguhan cukai
willingness to accept
—
kesediaan menenima
women discrimination
-
diskriminasi wanita
willingness to pay
-
kesediaan membayar
wood-using technology
-
wind energy wind erosion
—
tenaga angin hakisan angin
wind mill
—
kincir angin
wind power
-
kuasa angin
wind resistance
-
-
windfall
—
windfall gains
—
windfall loss windfall profit window display
rintangan angin/halangan angin durian runtuh perolehan durian runtuh/ laba durian runtuh
—
kerugian durian runtuh
—
keuntungan durian runtuh
—
peragaan tingkap
window dressing
—
withdrawal
-
work effort work experience programme work in process work incentive work measurement supervisor work stoppage work week work-leisure decision work-leisure ratio work-to-rule workable competition worker
hiasan luar pengambilan; penarikan 394
— —
— — —
— — — —
— — —
teknologi menggunakan kayu usaha kerja program pengalaman kerja kerja dalam proses insentif kerja/galakan kerja penyelia pengukuran kerja penghentian kerja minggu kerja keputusan kerja-rehat nisbah kerja-rehat kerja ikut arahan persaingan boleh berlaku pekerja
working age
working age working area working capital working class working condition working hours working wife working women workmen’s accident compensation insurance workplace safety world economic world energy consumption
wrought iron
— — — — — — — — —
— — —
umur bekerja kawasan bekerja modal kerja kelas pekerja keadaan kerja waktu bekerja/jam kerja isteri bekerja pekerjawanita insurans ganti rugi kemalangan pekerja
world energy market world energy model world oil consumption world oil market world oil output world oil resource world price world skin trade world system world trade written statement wrought iron
keselamatan tempat kerja ekonomi dunia penggunaan tenaga dunia
395
— — — — —
pasaran tenaga dunia model tenaga dunia penggunaan minyak dunia pasaran minyak dunia output minyak dunia sumber minyak dunia harga dunia perdagangan kulit dunia sistem dunia perdagangan dunia kenyataan bertulis besi tempa
x-efficiency
x..efficiency
x x-efficiency
—
kecekapan x
396
yardstick of value
youth unemployment
Y yardstick of value Yate’s correction for continuity year of birth years lived yellow cake (uranium)
— —
-
Yellow-dog contract yield yeild table young plain young river young valley youth unemployment
pengukuran nilai pembetulan Yate untuk keselanjaran tahun kelahiran tahun hidup sari kuning (uranium)
397
— — — — —
kontrak larang berkesatuan kadar hasH; hasil jadual keluaran dataran muda sungai muda lurah muda pengangguran belia
zero liability rule
zoning process
z zero liability rule zero age zero effect model zero gradient zero interest rate zero matrix zero mean zero point energy zero population growth zero vector zero-discharge economy zero-one polynomial programme zero-one programming zero-one variable zero-profit condition zero-sum game
zinc mining —
— — — — — — — -
— — -
— — -
peraturan liabiliti sifar umur sifar model kesan sifar kecerunan sifar kadar bunga sifar matriks sifar mm sifar tenaga takat sifar pertumbuhan penduduk sifar vektor sifar ekonomi tanpa buangan program polinomial sifarsatu pemprograman sifar-satu pemboleh ubah sifar-satu syarat untung sifar permainan hasil tambah sifar
398
zinc silicate zinc smelting zonal arrangement zonal distribution zonal plan zonal structure zone zone non-aedificandi zone of concentration zone of height limitation zone of indifference zone of mountain economy zone to be re-divided zoning zoning of discharge zoning of ore zoning ordinance zoning process
— —
— — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
perlombongan zink zink silikat peleburan zink pengaturan zon taburan zon pelan zon; rancangan zon struktur zon zon zon larang bina zon pemusatan zon pengehadan tinggi zon puas sama zon ekonomi pergunungan zon akan disusun semula pengezonan pengezonan buangan pengezonan bijih ordinan pengezonan proses pengezonan
ISTILAH EKONOMI BAHASA MALAYSIA-BAHASA INGGERIS
—
absisa
A absisa abstrak kredit abu soda acterni patris ad valorem adiabatik basah adiabatik lembap adiabatik tepu adil; saksama adulterasi aerosol aerosol pembakaran aflatoksin agen geomorfologi agen mematang agen membendung kelembapan agen peluntur agen penaik
agen pencemaran — — — — — — — — — — —
agen pejangkitan
abscissa credit abstracts soda ash acterni patris ad valorem wet adiabatic moist adiabatic saturated adiabatic equitable adulteration aerosol combustion aerosol aflatoxin
agen penyejukan agensi pemasaran agensi pemberian pinjaman agensi pemungutan sampah-sarap agensi pengikianan agensi pengumpulan ternakan agensi pentadbiran agensi perancangan negara
—
pollution agent
—
infectious agent cooling agent marketing agency lending agency
—
trash-collection agency
-
— —
— —
advertising agency livestock assembly agency
—
administrative agency national planning agency
-
training service agency
—
—
geomorphologic agent maturing agent
agensi perkhidmatan latihan agensi perlindungan alam sekitar
—
moisture-retaining agent
agih; tabur
—
distribute
agihan adil
—
just distribution
—
bleaching agent
—
leavening agent
— —
-
agihan aset berperolehan agihan jualan 401
—
— —
environmental protection agency
earning asset distribution sales distribution
agihan pendapatan
agihan pendapatan agihan pendapatan fungsian agihan pendapatan perseorangan agihan pendapatan perseorangan agihan perdagangan
air tawar
-
—
—
—
-
income distribution
ahli sosiologi
—
functional income distribution personal income distribution
air bergenang
-
air hujan berkesan
—
standing water effective rainfall
air hujan ribut
—
storm water
air lembut
—
air hat
—
air magma
—
air mengahir
—
air meteor
—
meteoric water
—
foul water
—
high tide
air pendingin
—
cooling water
air pusingan
—
personal size distribution commercial distribution
agihan wilayah
—
regional distribution
agraria
—
agrarian
agregat ahli bersekutu ahli ekonometrik ahli ekonomi ahli ekonomi kiasik ahli geologi petroleum ahli kemanusiaan ahli kewangan ahli pelanggan ahli perniagaan/peniaga
— —
— —
econometrician economist
—
classical economist
—
petroleum geologist
— —
— —
air najis air pasang
aggregate associate member
air radium air ringan
sociologist
soft water hard water juvenile water running water
—
circulating water radium water
—
light water still water
humanist financier
air suling
—
air takung
—
waterlog
patron member businessman
air tanah
—
ground water
air tawar
—
fresh water
402
air terjun air terjun air tertakung akaun tunai akaun bahan akaun bank akaun belanja akaun belum bayar akaun belum terima akaun benar akaun berbunga akaun bunga; akar faedah akaun caj akaun deposit akaun induk akaun interim akaun isi rumah akaun jualan akaun kekurangan akaun keluaran akaun kiriman wang akaun kunci kira-kira
akaun seinasa.
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
— — — —
waterfall retained water cash account material account bank account expense account accounts payable accounts receivable real account interest bearing account
akaun mata wang asing akaun modal
—
foreign currency account capital account
akaun modal negara
—
national capital account
akaun nominal
—
nominal account
akaun panggilan akaun pelarasan akaun pembuatan/akaun perkilangan akaun pendapatan negara akaun penerima sahaja alcaun pengeluaran negara
interest account charge account deposit account parent account interim account household account
akaun penyamaan pertukaran akaun penyatuan akaun perorangan akaun peruntukan; akaun pengasingan akaun rancangan akaun reahisasi akaun semasa
account of sale deficiency account product account remittance account balance sheet account 403
—
— —
— — —
—
— — —
— — —
call account adjustment account manufacturing account national income account account payee only national production account exchange equalization account adjunct account personal account appropriation account plan account realization account current account
akaun ses
akaun ses akaun sosial
Akta Perlombongan Am
—
cess account social account
—
saving account
akaun terbuka
—
open account
akaun terhad
—
blocked account
akaun tertutup
—
closed account
akaun untung rugi
—
profit and loss account
akauntan
—
accountant
akhir tertib pengeluaran
-
end of product line
akaun tabungan/akaun simpanan
akibat akruan aksiom aksiom bebas aksiom pilihan aksiom probabiliti/aksiom kebarangkalian akta agensi pengeluar akta kawalan banjir Akta kebankrapan
—
Akta Bank akta komoditi pertanian mudah rosak akta kredit persekutuan
— — — —
— -
— — -
akta kuahiti persekitaran akta pembangunan petroleum akta pembungkusan dan stokyard Akta Pemihikan
consequence accrual axiom independence axiom
akta pemuhihan sumber akta pemuliharaan; akta pengekalan
axiom of choice probability axiom
akta pengambilahihan
producer agency act flood control act Act of bankruptcy
akta perlindungan alam sekitar
akta pencemaran minyak Akta Pengeluaran Petroleum
Akta Perlombongan Am 404
—
Banking Act prishable agricultural commodities act
—
federal credit act
—
environment quality act
-
—
—
—
petroleum development act packers and stockyards act Impoundment Act
—
resource recovery act conservation act
—
oil pollution act
-
expropriation act
—
Petroleum Production Act
—
—
—
environment protection act General Mining Act
akta perlombongan petroleum akta perlombongan petroleum Akta Piagam Bank akta spesies terancam akta tarif akta tenaga akta udara bersih akta Sherma aktiviti berdaya keluaran langsung aktiviti berorientasikan input aktiviti bukan pertanian aktiviti dami aktiviti ekonomi aktiviti eksploitasi aktiviti kacukan aktiviti kendahian aktiviti kritis aktiviti normal aktiviti pelantar minyak
—
— —
— —
— — —
—
algebra permulaan petroleum mining act
—
activity actuary
alam haiwan
—
tariff act energy act
animal kingdom
alam tumbuh-tumbuhan
—
vegetable kingdom
alat
—
instrument
alat bercanggah
—
conflicting instrument
alat dasar
-
clean air act Sherman act directly productive activity input oriented activity
—
operating activity
— -
—
critical activity normal activity
—
rig activity
—
drilling activity
aktuari
-
-
—
Bank Charter Act endangered species acts
non-agricultural activity dummy activity economic activity exploitation activity hybrid activity
—
aktiviti penggerudian aktiviti/kegiatan
-
policy instrument/policy tool fiscal policy instrument
—
credit instrument
alat pemasaran
—
marketing aid
alat pembuat keputusan
—
decision making tool
—
processor (meat packing)
alat dasar fiskal alat kredit
alat proses (pembungkus daging) alat terpilih alatan boleh niaga albedo bumi algebra moden algebra permulaan 405
-
— —
— — —
selective instrument negotiable instrument albedo of earth modern algebra elementary algebra
algoritma kepangsian
aliran pusingan wang
algoritma kepangsian
—
pivoting algorithm
aliran bawah
—
underfiow
algoritma melelar
—
iterative algorithm
aliran dana
-
fund flow
algoritma pecahan
—
fractional algorithm
aliran dua hala
—
bilateral flow
algoritma pembaikan dasar
—
policy-improvement algorithm
aliran graviti
—
gravitational flow
algoritma penguraian
—
decomposition algorithm
aliran haba ahiran keluar
algoritma penilaian dasar
-
policy-evaluation algorithm
algoritma primal-dual
—
primal-dual algorithm
algoritma simpleks
—
simplex algorithm
algoritma simpleks primal
—
primal simplex algorithm
algoritma algotrima algoritma algoritma alihan ke
simpleks Dan tug simulasi teramal terurai belakang
ahiran aliran air ahiran antara wilayah aliran anuiti aliran bahik
—
Dantzig-simplex algorithm simulation algorithm forecasted algorithm decomposed algorithm backward shifting
-
flow
-
— — — -
—
heat flow outflow
aliran keluar modal
—
capital outflow
aliran keluar tunai
—
cash outflow
ahiran keluaran
—
flow of product
aliran lalu lintas
—
aliran masuk modal
-
aliran modal aliran musim kemarau ahiran pemuhiharaan aliran pendapatan aliran pulangan aliran puncak aliran pusingan aliran pusingan wang
water course interregional flow annuity stream back flow 406
—
— — —
— — — — —
traffic circulation/ traffic flow capital inflow capital flow dry weather flow conservation of flow income stream return flow peak flow circular flow cicular flow of money
aliran ribut
amaun berbaki
aliran ribut
—
storm flow
am/u mum
—
general
aliran sekular
—
secular trend
amalan pasaran tak adil
—
unfair market practice
aliran sungai
—
river course
amalan pemajakan
—
leasing practice
aliran tunai
—
cash flow
aliran tunai terdiskaun
-
discounted cash flow
amalan pemasaran amalan pembiakan
aliran untung
-
flow of profit
aliran urus niaga komoditi
—
—
marketing practice breeding practice
amalan pengairan
—
irrigation practice
commodity transaction flow
amalan pengeluaran
—
production practice
money flow
amalan penualan
—
harversting practice
—
primary alkyl sulphate
—
alloy
aloi besi
—
ferro alloy
alternatif
—
alternative
—
prudent alternative
amalan perancangan amalan perancangan bandar amalan profesional/ amalan ikhtisas amalan seleweng
aliran wang alkil sulfat utama aloi
alternatif hemat alternatif kos terendah
—
alternatif munasabah
—
least cost alternative reasonable alternative
alternatif pelaburan
—
investment alternative
amanah amanah unit
—
oscillation furrow
amang/tahi bijih amaun
—
spillway
amaun berbaki
alunan; ayunan alur alur limpah
—
—
amalan tak adil
407
—
-
planning practice town planning practice
—
professional practice
—
malpractice
—
unfair practice
—
— —
trust unit trust
—
amang amount
-
amount outstanding
—
amaun berbeza amaun berbeza amaun kompaun amaun margin amaun modal tersedia amaun terhutang ambang ekonomi ambang mineralogi ambil guna ambil terlebih ambilan ameniti ameniti alam sekitar ameniti estetik ameniti umum amplitud anak bin-bin musim bunga anak bukit anak sungai anak syarikat analisis keratan lintang analisis akaun
analisis empirik
— — — — — — — — — — — — -
— — — — —
amount differ compound amount margin amount amount of capital available amount owing economic threshold mineralogical threshold adoption overdrawn drawings amenity environmental amenity aesthetic amenity general amenity amplitude spring lamb hillock stream subsidiary company cross-section analysis account analysis
analisis aktiviti/analisis kegiatan analisis aliran analisis aliran dana analisis aliran tunai analisis arah aliran analisis asas ekonomi analisis Bayes analisis bentuk normal analisis berbanding analisis berbilang pemboleh ubah analisis analisis analisis analisis analisis analisis analisis analisis analisis 408
berbilang tahap berjujukan Cobb-Douglas deskriptif dinamik dua jurang ekonometrik ekonomi empirik
—
— — — — —
— — —
— — — — — — — — —
activity analysis flow analysis flow-of-fund analysis cash flow analysis trend analysis economic base analysis Bayesian analysis normal form of analysis comparative analysis multivariate analysis multistage analysis sequential analysis Cobb-Douglas analysis descriptive analysis dynamic analysis dual gap analysis econometric analysis economic analysis empirical analysis
analisis faedah kos
analisis kznci kira-kira
analisis faedah kos
—
cost benefit analysis
analisis faktor
—
factor analysis
—
Fourier analysis
—
frequency analysis
analisis keseimbangan separa/analisis keseimbangan sebahagian analisis keseimbangan tertentu
analisis gerak balas
—
response analysis
analisis keseimbangan umum
analisis graviti
—
gravitational analysis
analisis kewangan
—
general equilibrium analysis financial analysis
analisis harga
—
price analysis
analisis kitaran perniagaan
-
business cycle analysis
analisis input-output
-
input-output analysis
analisis kiasik
—
classical analysis
analisis kanonik
—
canonical analysis
analisis kombinasi
—
combinatorial analysis
analisis kawasan pasaran
—
market area analysis
analisis komponen
—
component analysis
analisis keagregatan
—
aggregative analysis
analisis komponen utama
—
analisis keberkesanan kos
—
cost effectiveness analysis
analisis kekerapan
—
frequency analysis
analisis keluk puas sama
—
indifference curve analysis
analisis kemelesetan klasik
—
classical depression analysis
analisis kepekaan
—
sensitivity analysis
analisis keputusan
—
decision analysis
analisis kerja
—
job analysis
analisis Fourier analisis frekuensi/analisis kekerapan
analisis kos-faedah analisis kovarians analisis kredit analisis kualitatif analisis kuantitatif analisis kunci kira-kira 409
—
—
-
— —
— —
— —
partial equilibrium analysis
particular equilibrium analysis
principal component analysis cost-benefit analysis covariance analysis/analysis of covanance credit analysis qualitative analysis quantitative analysis balance sheet analysis
analisis laluan kritis analisis laluan kritis analisis laluan terpendek analisis lebihan pengguna analisis Markov analisis metagam analisis normatif analisis pelaburan analisis pendapatan negara analisis pendapatan tetap analisis pendiskriminasi analisis penempatan manusia analisis penghubungan analisis penjerapan analisis perniagaan ladang analisis persetujuan analisis pinjaman analisis pokok keputusan analisis portfolio analisis positif analisis puas sama
analisis tempoh
— — — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — — — — —
critical path analysis shortest path analysis consumer surplus analysis Markov analysis metagame analysis normative analysis investment analysis national-income analysis
analisis regresi analisis reka bentuk
permanent income analysis discriminant analysis human settlement analysis
analisis selisih analisis separa/analisis sebahagian
correspondence analysis adsorption analysis farm business analysis concordance analysis loan analysis decision tree analysis portfolio analysis positive analysis indifference analysis
analisis sistem analisis skel analisis spektrum analisis spektrum lintang analisis statik analisis statistik analisis sut analisis tabunganpelaburan analisis tempoh
—
regression analysis design analysis
analisis risiko-faedah
—
risk-benefit analysis
analisis sahih
—
real analysis
—
interdependence analysis
—
post-optimality analysis
analisis saling bergantungan analisis selepas keoptimuman
410
—
— —
discrepancy analysis partial analysis
—
system analysis scale analysis spectral analysis cross spectral analysis static analysis statistical analysis marginal analysis saving-investment analysis
—
period analysis
— — — — — — —
analisis titik pulang modal
analisis titik pulang modal analisis tubrukan ekonomi analisis tukar ganti analisis varians analisis varians dua hala analisis varians sehala analogi kepuakan ancaman pembuangan/ ancaman pengusiran ancaman sekat penawaran andaian andaian harga andaian kepegunan andaian kos terendah andaian stokastik andaian usaha berterusan anggapan aktuari anggaran anggaran agregat anggaran Bayes anggaran jeda
anggaran tekaan terbaik
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
break-even point analysis economic impact analysis trade-off analysis. analysis of variance two-way analysis of variance one-way analysis of variance tribal analogy expulsion threat
anggaran kasar
anggaran kemiskinan
—
anggaran kos
—
cost estimate
—
separate ratio estimate
—
future production estimate
anggaran nisbah berasingan anggaran pengeluaran masa depan anggaran permukaan pengeluaran anggaran regresi berasingan anggaran regresi berwajaran anggaran rizab anggaran statistik anggaran tak bias anggaran tak cekap anggaran tak tertib anggaran tekaan terbaik 411
rough estimate maximum likelihood estimate poverty estimate
anggaran kebolehjadian maksimum
supply shutdown threat assumption price assumption stationarity assumption least cost presumption stochastic assumption going-concern assumption actuarial notion estimate aggregate estimate Bayesian estimate interval estimate
—
-
—
—
production surface estimate separate regression estimate
—
weighted regression estimate reserve estimate
—
statistical estimate
—
— — — —
unbiased estimate inefficient estimate unordered estimate best guess estimate
anggaran tepat
anuiti serta-merta
anggaran tepat
—
accurate estimate
anggaran terbias
—
biased estimate
antara bandar anticemaran
—
smoothed estimate
ariggaran terlicin anggaran terlicin tunggal
—
interurban
—
anticontamination
antikomplotan
—
anti-racketeering
an tilambak
-
antidumping
anggaran titik
—
single smoothed estimate point estimate
angka jualan
—
sales figure
antilogaritma antimod
angka pseudo-rambang
—
pseudo-random number
antimoni
angkutan
—
carriage
angkutan balik
—
back haul
antimoni hitam antimonopoli
anjak ganti matlamat anjal ansuran antara bandar raya antara industri antara jabatan antara ladang antara negara antara perseorangan antara ruang antara sektor
—
—
displacement of goal elastic instalment inter-city inter-industry inter-departmental inter-farm internation inter-personal interspacial
—
intersectoral
— — — — — —
antitabungan antiterbitan antitesis antitrnst antrasit anugerah alam anuiti anuiti hayat anuiti kekal anuiti kerajaan anuiti serta-merta 412
—
antilogarithm antimode
—
antimony
—
-
—
— — — — — — — — —
— -
black antimony antimonopoly anti-saving antiderivative antithesis antitrust anthracite gift of nature annuity life annuity perpetual annuity government annuity immediate annuity
arang bata wap antrasit
apogi apogi apungan apungan bersama apungan bersih apungan keselamatan apungan kotor apungan terurus arah aliran arah aliran analisis arah aliran balak arah aliran Cohort arah aliran desentralisasi arah aliran ekonomi arah aliran eksponen arah aliran harga arah aliran jangka panjang arah aliran ke bawah arah aliran kitaran arah aliran kuadratik arah aliran pasaran arah aliran pengeluaran
— — — — — -
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
arah aliran pengguna
apogee float joint float clean float safety float dirty float managed float trend
arah aliran penghgrahan wilayah arah aliran perniagaan arah aliran teknologi arah boleh laksana arah rambang arab bank pusat
analytic trend timber trend Cohort trend decentralizing trend economic trend exponential trend price trend long-term trend downward trend cyclical trend quadratic trend market trend production trend
—
business trend
-
technological trend
—
feasible direction
— —
random direction central bank directive! central bank request
arahan pemeliharaan
—
preservation order
arahan penerimaan
—
receiving order
arahan penyerahan arahan perancangan
-
delivery order planning instruction
arang batu bitumen
—
bituminous coal
arang batu boleh lombong
—
minable coal
arang batu bunker
—
bunker coal
—
cannel coal
arang batu kanel arang batu lembut arang batu spora arang batu wap antrasit 413
-
consumer trend regional migration trend
—
—
— — —
soft coal spore coal anthracite steam coal
aras air
aset boleh terima
aras air
—
water level
asas cukai
-
aras banjir
—
flood level
asas cukai harta benda
—
asas cukai pendapatan
-
—
river bed level sea level
asas dividen
-
base on income tax dividend basis
—
mean sea level
—
basee
aras dasar sungai aras laut aras laut mm aras mata air
—
tax base/tax foundation property tax base
—
water table
asas e asas faedah pencukaian
-
benefit basis for taxation
arbitraj
-
arbitrage
asas jalan
—
road foundation
arbitraj bunga
—
interest arbitrage
asas ortonormal
—
—
arbitrary
asas perancangan
-
orthonormal basis planning base
—
silver bromide
asas peletakan harga
—
base for price setting
silver sulphate shopping arcade
asas pertanian asas rujukan asas sumber asas; tapak asbestosis aset aset beku aset benar aset berperolehan aset boleh terima
arbitrari/sembarangan argentum bromida argentum sulfat arked membeli-belah aruh aruhan/pengaruhan arus panas arus pasang surut asalan asalan arbitrari/asalan sembarangan asas
— —
—
induce induction warm current tidal current origin arbitrary origin
-
base/fundamental
— — — —
414
— — — — — — — — — —
agricultural base reference base resource base foundation asbestosis asset frozen asset real asset earning asset admissible asset
aset bukan kewangan
aset bukan kewangan
atas tara
non-monetary asset
asid fosforus
—
phosphorous acid
asid fumarik
—
fumaric acid
—
non-money asset liquid asset
carbonic acid
—
quick asset
asid karbonik asid laktik
—
aset cepat asetjangka panjang
—
long term asset
asid malik
—
short term asset
asid monokloroasetik
—
lactic acid malic acid monochloroacetic acid
—
intermediate term asset
asid sitrik
—
citric acid
aset ketara
—
tangible asset
asimptot
—
aset kewangan
—
monetary asset
asimptot menegak
—
aset ladang
—
farm asset
asing/luar negeri
capital asset fictitious asset current asset intangible asset non-current asset accrued asset floating asset fixes asset
asma pelombong aspek antarabangsa aspek ekuiti aspek pengagihan aspek penstabilan aspek peruntukan aspek statistik aspek undang-undang asurans atas tara
aset bukan wang aset cair
asetjangka pendek asetjangka sederhana
aset modal aset rekaan aset semasa aset tak ketara aset tak semasa aset terakru aset terapung aset tetap asid eritrob asid fosforik
—
—
— — — — — — — —
— -
erythrobic acid phosphoric acid 415
— —
-
— — — — — — — — —
asymptote/asymptotic vertical asymptote foreign miner’s asthma international aspect equity aspect distributional aspect stabilization aspect allocation aspect statistical aspect legal aspect assurance above par
atmosfera atas atmosfera atas atom bersinar atom karbon peringkat kedua atom penyurih audit audit dalaman audit luar audit silang auditorium autarki autokorelasi autokorelasi sisaan automasi autonomi perhubungan autoregresi autoregresif taraf n autoregresif taraf satu
ayan
— — —
— — — — — — —
— — —
upper atmosphere radiating atom secondary carbon atom
autoriti awam autoriti bursa komoditi autoriti kerajaan autoriti kewangan
tracer atom audit internal audit outside audit cross audit auditorium autarchy autocorrelation residual autocorrelation automation autonomy of relationship
autoriti lebuh raya autoriti melulus autoriti memeriksa autoriti pembelian autoriti perancangan autoriti perancangan tempatan autoriti tempatan awal tarikh ayam itik ayam muda ayan
autoregression autoregressive of order n autoregressive of order one
416
-
— — — —
— —
— —
public authority commodity exchange authority governmental authority monetary authority highway authority approving authority inspecting authority purchasing authority planning authority local planning authority local authority antedate poultry spring chicken tin plate
babi
bahan boleh pisah
B babi badan berkanun
-
hog
—
statutory body
bagan; garis kasar; rangka
—
outline
bagasi
—
bahagi tiga
—
bahagian berkadar malar
—
bahagian dolar pengguna untuk peladang bahagian eksport bahagian khayalan bahagian mendatar bahagian mudah dapat gas bahagian nyata bahagian pemeriksaan galian/bahagian pemeriksaan mineral bahagian pendapatan relatif bahagian pengeluaran
baggage trisect
—
constant proportional share farmer’s share of consumer dollar export share
—
imaginary part
—
—
—
—
relative income share
—
production share
-
bahagian perdagangan bahagian relatif -
—
trade division relative share
bahagian tingkat harga
—
sectional price level
bahagian untung
—
profit share
bahan
—
material
bahan antibiotik
-
antibiotic substance
—
diesel fuel
bahan api diesel bahan api/bahan bakar
—
fuel gaseous fuel
bahan bakar cecair
—
liquid fuel
bahan bakar galian/ bahan bakar mineral bahan bahan bahan bahan bahan 417
—
management share
bahan bakar bergas bahan bakar fisil bahan bakar fosil
horizontal division gas-prone portion real part mineral examination division
-
bahagian pengurusan
bakar kurang sulfur bakar perindustrian bangunan berbahaya boleh pisah
—
—
fissile fuel fossil fuel
—
mineral fuel
—
— — — —
low-sulphur fuel industrial fuel building material hazardous substance fissionable material
bahan kiniia organik
bahan kimia organik bahan kimia perindustrian bahan kimia tiruan bahan mentah bahan mentah kritis bahan men tah strategi bahan nuklear khas bahan pencemar bahan pencemar pertanian bahan pencemar tak boleh punah bahan pencemar udara bahan penggumpal bahan radioaktif bahan singkir bahan sisa lombong bahan strategi bahan subur bahan subur nuklear bahan tambahan makanan bahan tanah hat
bald hutang
— — — — — — -
— — — — — — — — —
organic chemical industrial chemical synthetic chemical raw material critical raw material strategic raw material special nuclear material pollutant agricultural pollutant non-degradable pollutant
bahan toksik bahasa komputer bahasa simulasi bahaya kesihatan bahaya pekerjaan baja baja bukan organik baja galian/baja mineral baja haiwan bajakan kontur baji batti bakal pemaju baki asas baki atas urus niaga biasa
air pollutant coagulant radioactive material eliminant mine spoil strategic material fertile material nuclear fertile material food additive clay substance
baki belanjawan baki belum selesai baki baki baki baki 418
benar berkurangan debit hutang
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
toxic substance computer language simulation language health hazard occupational hazard fertilizer inorganic fertilizer mineral fertilizer manure contour ploughing keystone prospective developer basic balance balance on regular transaction budgetary balance balance due real balance declining balance debit balance unpaid balance
bald lebih tempoh
baki lebih tempoh baki lejar baki pampasan baki pupus bald rasmi baki Sterling baki terhutang baki tunai bald tunai benar baki untuk bayaran antarabangsa bakteria koliform bakteria patogen balai raya balai tiba antarabangsa belanjawan semasa balas timbal kerugian balikan banci de facto banci dejure
bandar serba lengkap
—
balance overdue ledger balance compensating balance exhausted balance official balance Sterling balance balance of indebtedness cash balance real cash balance balance for international payment coliform bacteria pathogenic bacteria community centre/ public hall international arrival hall current budget loss offset reciprocate
—
de facto census
—
dejure census
— — — — — — — — — —
— — —
— — —
banci geokimia banci isi rumah banci pertanian banci perumahan bandar bandar berjejari bandar contoh bandar corak kekisi bandar gabungan bandar huni bandar jajahan bandar kurita bandar metropolitan bandar peranginan bandar perusahaan bandar perusahaan tembikar bandar prasejarah bandar satelit bandar sejajar bandar serba lengkap 419
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — -
geochemical census household census agricultural census housing census urban radial town model town grid-iron town conurbation dormitory town provincial town octopus town metropolitan town resort town industrial town pottery town pre-historic town satellite town linear town self-contained town
bandar tumbuhan bandar tumbuhan bandar tumpuan bandar zaman pertengahan bandaran bandar raya dalam bandar raya metropolitan bandar raya perindustrian bandar raya primat bandar raya tropika bandar raya unggul bandingan; berbanding bangkai kapal terbang bangkai kenderaan bermotor bangsal jualan
bank kepada bank
organic town nodal town
bangunan bukan kediaman
—
non-residential building
-
bangunan diperakukan
—
certificated building
-
medieval town
bangurian luar
—
out building
bangunan sementara
—
temporary building
bangunan separuh kekal
—
semi-permanent building
bangunan terpelihara
—
listed building
bangunan usang
-
dilapidated building
—
flush flood
—
— — — — — — —
—
salesbarn ecclesiastical building! religious building public building new development
-
historic building
—
bangunan agama
—
bangunan awam
—
bangunan baru bangunan bersejarah
municipal inner city metropolitan city pre-industry city primate city tropical city ideal city comparative junked airplane junked automobile
banjir kilat banjir pasir/bah pasir bank ahli bank antarabangsa bank asing bank awam bank cawangan bank deposit bank desa bank diskaun bank eksport-import bank kepada bank 420
—
sand flood member bank
—
international bank
—
foreign bank
—
— — -
— — — —
public bank branch bank deposit bank/bank of deposit country bank bank of discount export-import bank banker’s bank
bank koperasi
bank koperasi bank nasional bank negeri bank pembangunan bank pembayar bank penerbit bank penerimaan bank penghubung bank perdagangan bank perindustrian bank pinjaman bank pusat Bank Rizab Persekutuan bank saudagar bank simpanan bank simpanan amanah bank simpanan bersama bank stok bersama bank swasta bank tanah
bantuan pembangunan wilayah
— —
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — -
cooperative bank national bank
bank tanah persekutuan bank tanih bank unit bank untuk koperasi bankrap/muflis bantahan perancangan bantuan bantuan antarabangsa bantuan asing/bantuan luar negeri
state bank development bank paying bank bank of circulation/bank of issue acceptance bank correspondent bank commercial bank industrial bank credit bank central bank Federal Reserve Bank merchant bank saving bank trustee saving bank mutual saving bank joint stock bank private bank land bank
bantuan awam bantuan berbilang hala bantuan berikat bantuan berkategori bantuan dua hala bantuan ekonomi
— — — — — — —
— — — —
—
federal land bank soil bank unit bank bank for cooperative bankrupt planning objection aid/assistance international assistance foreign aid public assistance multilateral assistance tying aid categorial aid bilateral assistance economic aid/economic assistance
bantuan malapetaka
—
disaster relief
bantuan pembangunan
—
development assistance
—
regional development grant
bantuan pembangunan wilayah 421
—
bantuan pengangguran
barang pengeluar
bantuan pengangguran
-
unemployment benefit
bantuan penyesuaian
—
adjustment assistance
bantuan pertahanan bantuan projek bantuan sementara
—
defence support project aids
—
interim aid
—
bantuan teknik
—
technical assistance
bantuan terikat
—
tied aid/tied assistance
—
lung cancer
barah paru-paru barang barang asas barang atasan barang awam barang bawahan barang bersaingan barang boleh bahagi barang holeh sesak barang bukan eksklusif barang ekonomi barang eksldusif barang gelap
—
goods
-
staple goods
— — — — — — — —
barang Giffen barang insentif/barang galakan barang intensif buruh barang isi rumah barang keluaran di rumah
superior goods public goods inferior goods competitive goods divisible goods congestible goods non-exclusive goods economic goods exclusive goods contraband
Giffen goods incentive goods
—
labour intensive goods
—
household goods home produced goods
barang keluaran sendiri
—
self-produced goods
barang kolektif
—
collective goods
barang lembut
—
soft goods
barang mentah import
—
imported raw material
barang merit
—
-
—
merit goods central merit goods
—
luxury good
barang modal
—
capital goods
barang modal tahan lama
-
durable capital goods
—
cargo
barang merit utama barang mewah
barang barang barang barang barang 422
—
—
muatan mudah rosak niaga; dagangan normal pengeluar
— — — —
perishable goods merchandise normal goods producer goods
barang penggenap/barang pelengkap
barang penggenap/barang pelengkap barang pengguna barang pengguna tahan lama barang penggunaan kolektif
—
complementary goods
barang tahan lama
—
consumer goods
barang tak berkait barang tak boleh bahagi
—
consumer durable
barang tak boleh balik semula
collective consumption goods
barang tak tahan lama
—
barang perantaraan
-
intermediate goods
barang percuma
—
free goods
—
manufactured goods
-
joint demand goods
barang perkilangan/ barang pembuatan barang permintaan bersama barang prestij barang saingan barang selesa barang sesak barang siap barang sosial barang swasta; barang persendirian
barisan kredit
—
— — — — —
barang terkeluarkan semula barang terpiawai barang upah barang utama barangan/komoditi barangan bebas/komoditi bebas barangan bukan dagangan barangan homogen/ komoditi homogen barangan pertanian bans bersaingan bans menunggu barisan kredit
prestige goods rival goods convenience goods congested goods finished goods social goods private goods
423
—
durable goods
-
independent goods indivisible goods
—
irreversible goods
—
non-durable goods
—
reproducible goods
-
-
—
— — — —
standardized goods wage goods primary goods commodity footloose commodity non-traded commodity homogeneous commodity agricultural commodity competitive line waiting line line of credit
barisan pangsi
bawa ke hadapan
barisan pangsi
—
—
fresh-water limestone
—
pivot row assembly line
batu kapur air tawar
barisan pemasangan
batu kelikir
—
gravel pit
barter/tukar barang
—
barter
fine gravel
-
dumb barter
batu kelikir halus batu sempadan
—
barter melulu
—
boundary stone
baru muncul
—
incipiency
batu tak serap air
—
basalt (batu igneus)
—
basalt (igneous rock)
batu tak telap air
—
-
basic
batu-batan/batuan
—
rock
batu-ubin gurun
—
desert pavement
batuan enapan batuan gunung berapi
—
basis; asas basis segi tiga basis terosot
—
triangular basis degenerated basis
batas
-
bound
batas atas terkecil batas bawah Cramer-Rao batas bawah terbesar batasan penyelenggaraan bateri asid plumbum bateri perak-zink batu besi tanah hat batu bitumen batu hablur batu igneus
—
— — — — — — — — —
least upper bound Cramer-Rao lower bound greatest lower bound maintenance restraint lead-acid battery silver-zinc battery clay ironstone bituminous rock crystalline rock igneous rock
batuan batuan batuan batuan bauksit
lautan lembut sumber dalaman
baunti bawa ke bawah bawa ke belakang bawa ke depan bawa ke hadapan 424
—
— — — — — — — — —
impermeable rock impervious rock
sedimentary rock volcanic rock oceanic rock soft rock source rock internal voucher bauxite bounty brought down/carrydown carryback carryforward/carryover brought forward
bawa kerugian ke depan
bawa kerugian ke depan bawah tara bayar balik bayar balik pinjaman bayar ikut perintah bayar waktu terima bayaran asas bayaran balik langganan bayaran belon bayaran berubah bayaran boleh pilih bayaran boleh ubah bayaran efluen bayaran faedah bayaran insentif/bayaran galakan bayaran kebajikan bayaran luar negeri bayaran pelunasan bayaran pemampasan bayaran pembiakan
bayi
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
carry-over of losses below par refund loan servicing pay to the order of spot cash base pay patronage refund balloon payment variable payment optional payment flexible payment effluent fee interest payment incentive payment
—
welfare payment foreign remittance amortization payment compensatory payment
—
breeding fee
— — —
bayaran pendahuluan bayaran penempatan gadai janji bayaran pindahan bayaran pindahan benar bayaran pindahan teruji mm
425
—
— —
down payment mortgage placement fee transfer payment in-kind transfer payment means-tested transfer payment
bayaran rizab bayaran sah bayaran sebahagian bayaran sekali gus bayaran tambahan pembetungan bayaran tangguh serah bayaran terdahulu bayaran terhad bayaran tertunda bayaran terus bayaran tunggakan
—
backwardation prepayment limited payment deferred payment direct payment back pay
bayaran-balik pinjaman
—
loan repayment
bayi
-
infants
— — — — —
— — — —
reserve payment good payment partial payment lump-sum payment sewer surcharge
beban
beban beban berlebihan
belanja perniagaan
—
burden excess burden
bekas tak boleh dikembalikan
beban berlebihan faktor
—
factor excess burden
beban cukai
—
tax burden
bekas; kontena belanja
—
beban hutang
-
beban hutang gadai janji
-
—
non-returnable container
—
container
—
expense
debt burden. mortgage debt load
belanja bergerak
-
moving expense
belanja berulang-alik
-
commuting expense
—
interest expenses child-care expense
beban hutang negara
-
burden of public debt
belanja bunga
beban kewangan
—
financial burden
belanja jagaan kanak-kanak
-
—
—
direct burden production excess burden
belanja kendalian
—
free of tax/tax-free
belanja latihan tak ketara
bebas risiko
—
risk-free
belanja luar kendalian
beg penuras
—
filter bag
bekalan air
—
belanja belanja belanja belanja belanja belanja belanja
beban langsung beban lebihan pengeluaran bebas cukai
bekalan air bandaran bekalan makanan ternakan bekas boleh dikembalikan bekas minuman
—
—
—
—
belanja keraian belanja kewangan
water supply municipal water supply rations for livestock feeding returnable container beverage container 426
overhed pembangunan pembiayaan pengapungan pengeluaran perjalanan perniagaan
—
operating expense entertainment expense
—
financial expense
—
intangible training expense
—
non-operating expenses
—
overhead expense development expense finance expense floatation expense expense of production travel expense
—
business expense
— — — —
bentuk kuadratik positif-separa pasti
belanja perubatan belanja perubatan
—
medical expense
belanja sut
—
marginal expense
belanja tak langsung
—
indirect expense
belanjawan
-
budget
belanjawan alternatif
—
alternative budget
belanjawan boleh ubah
-
flexible budget
belanjawan komprehensif
—
comprehensive budget
belanjawan kongres belanjawan kredit belanjawan kurangan/ belanjawan defisit belanjawan lengkap
—
—
complete budget
—
capital budget
belanjawan pengeluaran
-
production budget
belanjawan belanjawan belanjawan belanjawan
pulang modal tanaman tercantum terimbang
— -
-
cash budget
-
buy
beli habis
-
buy out
bencana alam bendalir bermineral bentuk analisis ekstensif bentuk eselon bentuk hasil darab songsang bentuk kanonik bentuk kuadratik bentuk kuadratik positifpasti bentuk kuadratik positifsepara pasti
expansionary budget enterprise budget break-even budget crop budget unified budget balanced budget 427
-
cyclically balanced budget annually balanced budget
—
beli belian ke hadapan belukar peringkat kedua
deficit budget
-
—
belanjawan terimbang tahunan belanjawan tunai
congressional budget credit budget
belanjawan modal belanjawan pengembangan belanjawan perusahaan
belanjawan terimbang berkitaran
—
forward buying secondary forest
-
catastrophe
-
— — —
— — —
—
mineralized fluid extensive form of analysis echelon form product-form-of-the-inverse canonical form quadratic form positive-definite quadratic form positive-semi-definite quadratic form
bentuk matriks
bentuk matriks bentuk menurun perlahan bentuk pasti positif bentuk piawai; borang piawai bentuk segi enam bentuk separuh definit bentuk statistik unik bentuk struktur bentuk terturun bentuk utiliti leksikografi benzena beragihan berangka berat hidup minimum berat kasar berat molekul udara berat pemasaran’ berat sembelihan berautokorelasi berbagai-bagai keluaran
berita pasaran
—
—
— — — — —
— — — — — — — -
matrix form dying down pattern positive definite form standard form
berbagai-bagai pemusatan struktur berbagai-bagai tindak balas berbagai-bagai mata wang berbilang matlamat berbilang pelayan berdaya tambah berdaya tambah songsangan berganda/berbilang bergantung; tanggungan berharmoni berhubungan berhubungan Pareto ben pinjaman asing ben pinjaman kerajaan berilium berilium oksida beri milik
hexagonal shape semidefinite form unique statistical form structural form reduced form lexicographic utility form benzene distributive numerical minimal liveweight gross weight air molecular weight marketing weight carcass weight autocorrelated multiproduct
berisomorf berita pasaran 428
—
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
— —
structural multinucleation multiresponse multiple currency multiple goal multiserver additive additive inverse multiple dependent harmonic relevant Pareto relevant foreign lending government lending beryllium beryllium oxide alienate isomorphic market news
berkala
berkala berkarbon berketul berladang cukup hidup berladang sambilan berladang; berternak; bertani berlebihan bermandat bermusim berpanca berpengaruh; unggul berpolitikan bersebelahan bersekadar, ikut kadar bersekutu bersenggat bersih bersudut sama bersyarat
bida terbaik
—
periodic
—
carbonaceous
—
cloddy
—
subsistence farming
—
part-time farming
-
farming
—
excess
— — -
—
—
bertukar tertib berunding beruntung
mandatory seasonal interlocking
bezaan pertama
dominant politicking
bias asimptot bias pengurusan bias penjimatan buruh
adjacent proportionate
-
conditional
bida terbaik
-
—
—
bezaan ke belakang
—
—
-
besi sulfat besi tempa bezaan harga bezaan harga runcit ladang
bias persamaan serentak bias spesifikasi biaya defisit biaya; kewangan bida
—
—
besi kaya besi klorida
associate graduated net equiangular
—
—
429
.
— — —
commutative bargain profitable rich iron ferric chloride ferrous sulphate wrought iron price spread
—
farm retail price spread
—
backward difference
—
first difference
—
— —
— —
asymptotic bias management bias labour-saving bias simultaneous equation bias specification bias
-
deficit finance finance bid
-
best bid
— —
bil lampau tempoh
bidang kuasa
jurisdiction problem area
bijih telerang
—
lode ore
bijih timah lanar
—
alluvial tin ore
—
urban problem area
bijih timah padat
-
tin concentrate
—
terms of reference
bijirin
—
grain
bidang tanah
-
plot of land
bill
-
field
bil bil asal
-
bidang; luar
—
original bill
bidangan gred
-
range of grades
bil asing
—
foreign bill
bidangan/skel
—
scale
bil bahan
—
bill of materials
bijih besi
—
iron ore
bil bank
—
bank bill
bijih boleh guna
—
usable ore
bil bercagar
—
secured bill
bijih gred rendah
—
low grade ore
bil boleh niaga
—
negotiable bill
bijih kaya
—
fat ore
bil cair sendiri
—
self-liquidating bill
bijih mentah
—
raw ore
bil dalam negeri
—
domestic bill
bijih miskin
—
lean ore
bil harga
—
price bill
bijih mungkin
—
possible ore
—
long bill
—
lateritic fickle ore
bil jangka panjang bil kemudahan
—
accommodation bill
—
copper concentrate
bil kewangan
bijih perak-timah
—
silver-tin ores
bijih positif
—
positive ore
bil kosong bil lampau tempoh
bidang kuasa
-
bidang masalah
—
bidang masalah bandar bidang rujukan
bijih nikel berlaterit bijih padat tembaga
430
—
finance bill blank bill
—
overdue bill
—
bilmuatan kapal bil muatan kapal bil nominal bil perbendaharaan bil perdagangan bil pertukaran bil pertukaran asing bil segera bil tak boleh niaga bil terdiskaun bil terniaga bila tampak bilangan kecil bilangan penerimaan bilik gerakan bilik makan umum bilik pembedahan bilik rehat; tandas bilik utiliti bina semula binatang daging mentah biojisim
boleh stiai
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
bill of lading nominal bill treasury bill trade bill bil of exchange foreign bill of exchange sight bill non-negotiable bill discounted bill negotiated bill at sight small number acceptance number operations room public dining room operation theatre rest room utility room rebuilding red meat animal biomass
biologi air tawar
-
freshwater biology
biosfera
—
biosphere
biro birokrasi blok dolar blok emas blok pangsapuri blok pengeluaran blok tak lengkap terimbang blok tak lengkap terimbang separa/blok tak lengkap terimbang sebahagian boleh bahagi boleh banding boleh dikamil boleh laksana boleh laras; boleh suai boleh panggil boleh suai 431
—
bureau bureaucracy
—
dollar block
—
— — — —
—
— — — — -
gold block apartment block production block balanced incomplete block partially balanced incomplete block
divisible comparable integrable feasible adjustable callable adaptable
boleh terima
boleh terima boleh tukar boleh ubah boleh ulang; keluarkan semula boleh urai Bolshevisme bon bon aktif bon ambil alih bon bon bon bon bon bon bon bon hon bon hon
bercagar berdaftar berterusan boleh panggil boleh tebus debentur gadai janji terbuka ganti rugi hasil perindustrian imbangan kekal
boijuis
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
admissible convertible flexible reproducible
bon hon hon bon
kerajaan kongsi untung kuasa beli kuasa beli stabil
decomposable Bolshevism bond active bond assumed bond secured bond registered bond continued bond callable bond redeemable bond debenture bond open-end mortgage bond indemnity bond industrial revenue bond balance bond perpetual bond
hon bon hon bon hon hon hon bon
kukuh pembawa perbandaran pertahanan prestasi rayuan tahan inflasi tangguh matang
hon tempatan bonjolan arang batu bonus bonus insentif/bonus galakan bonus tunai borang tender borjuis 432
— —
—
— — — — — — —
— — —
government bond profit sharing bond purchasing power bond stable purchasing-power bond gilt-edged bond bearer bond municipal bond defence bond performance bond appeal bond inflation proof bond extended bond local bond coal outcrop bonus incentive bonus cash bonus tender form bourgeois
borong
borong bresia hancur broker broker eksport broker import broker insurans broker kaki lima broker kerajaan broker pelaburan broker pengendalian broker pertukaran asing broker saham broker wang brokeraj buangan air buangan bergas buangan berperatusan sama buangan bukan organik buangan dalam negeri luar bandar
bucu
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-
— —
wholesale crush breccia broker export broker import broker insurance broker curb broker government broker investment broker running broker foreign exchange broker stock broker money broker brokerage water disposal gaseous waste
buangan dobi buangan haba buangan hidraulik buangan kaleng buangan kotoran cecair buangan kotoran/efluen buangan kumbahan buangan menggendala buangan oksigen dituntut buangan organik/sisaan organik buangan pertanian buangan sisa pepejal buangan sungai buangan tak berpunca buangan tak langsung buangan ternakan ladang buangan tertentu buatan tempatan buatan; rekaan; tiruan bucu
uniform-percentage discharge inorganic waste rural domestic waste
433
— — — — — -
—
— — — — — — — —
laundry waste heat discharge hydraulic discharge canning waste liquid-waste discharge effluent discharge of sewage disruptive discharge oxygen-demanding waste organic waste agricultural waste solid waste discharge river discharge non-point discharge indirect discharge farm animal waste specific discharge local manufacture artificial vertex
budi bicara
budi bicara budi bicara pengurusan buih detergen buka depan bukaan bukaan berbanding bukan logam bukan nilai tara bukti empirik bukti rasmi buku akaun buku cek buku jualan buku kerja luar buku makluman buku pesanan buku pulangan jualan buku simpanah bank buku tunai bulan kalendar bulatan terterap dalam
bunga; kepentingan; minat; faedah
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
discretion managerial discretion detergent foam frontage aperture relative aperture non-metal non-par value empirical evidence formal proof account book cheque book sales book field book advice book order book sales returns book bank passbook cash book calendar month inscribed circle
bulion bumbung harga bumbung kadar bunga bumbung sewa bumiputera bunga baki hutang bunga bayar terdahulu bunga belum bayar bunga helum terima bunga bersih bunga biasa bunga bil; faedah bil bunga deposit bunga dikira bunga kasar bunga kompaun/faedah kompaun bunga terakru bunga terkumpul bunga; kepentingan; minat; faedah 434
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
bullion price ceiling interest ceiling rent ceiling indigenous interest on unpaid balance prepaid interest interest payable interest receivable net interest simple interest interest on bill interest on deposit calculated interest gross interest compound interest accrued interest accumulated interest jnterest
bursa
bursa bursa komoditi bursa logam bursa peniaga bursa saham bursa sekuriti bursa tulen buruh buruh kanak-kanak buruh kasar buruh kontrak sambilan buruh lebihan buruh lebihan bermusim buruh lebih kronik buruh mahir buruh paksa
butiran tunai dalam kutipan
— — — —
— — —
— — — — — — — —
bourse commodity exchange metal exchange dealer’s exchange stock exchange
buruh penghijrah buruh separuh mahir buruh tak berdaya keluaran buruh tak langsung buruh tak mahir buruh upahan burung berh~jrahan butena butir dagangan butir nadir butiran autonomi butiran hasil tanah butiran pemampasan butiran pengimbang butiran tunai dalam kutipan
security exchange pure exchange labour child labour manual labour casual contract labour surplus labour seasonal surplus labour chronic surplus labour skilled labour forced labour
435
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
migrant labour semi-skilled labour non-productive labour indirect labour unskilled labour hired labour migratory bird butene merchandize item rare item autonomous items item of latid revenue compensatory item balancing item cash items in collection
cabang tak terarah
caj perancangan
C cabang tak terarah cabangan idea ekonomi cabutan hak milik cabutan; pengekstrakan cacat cacat dibenarkan cadangan alternatif cadangan cukai pendapatan komprehensif cadangan jalur cadangan projek cadangan reformasi cadangan reformasi cukai cadangan semen tara
cahaya terserap cair; mudah tunai; cecair undirected branch — filiation of economic ideas — abstract of title — extraction — defect — allowable defect — alternative proposal — comprehensive income tax proposal -
—
bank proposal project proposal reform proposal tax reform proposal tentative proposal
—
security
—
collateral
cagaran pinjaman
—
loan security
cahaya
-
light
cagaran; sandaran; sekuriti; keselamatan; jaminan cagaran/sandaran
— — —
cair sendiri caj bank
absorbed light
—
liquid
—
self-liquidating
caj bersih
—
bank charge net charge
caj biasa
—
ordinary charge
caj buangan kotoran
—
caj bunga
—
caj elektrik caj kemudahan caj langsung caj lelong caj mengangkut caj modal caj pemasaran caj pembaikan (tanah) caj pembiayaan caj pencemaran caj pengguna caj perancangan 436
.—
—
— —
— — — — — — — — —
effluent charge interest charges electric charge facility charge direct charge auction charge carrying charge capital charge marketing charge betterment charge (land) finance charge pollution charge user-charges planning charge
caj perkhidmatan awani
caj perkhidmatan awam caj tanah tempatan caj terapung caj tetap campur tangan antitrust campur tangan kerajaan campuran bordeaux campuran jualan campuran keluaran campuran sesuai candu berkapur barus cara geografi cara milikan; tempoh pemegangan carbon disulfida can gali can gali atas darat can gali bawah laut can gali bawah permukaan can gali samudera
can elektrik
— — — — — —
— — — — — — —
— — —
— — —
charge for public service local land charge floating charge fixed charge antitrust intervention governmental interference! state intervention
carian berjujukan carian habisan
—
—
distribution chart
carta aliran
—
flow chart
kawalan kemajuan organisasi pai perancangan perancangan untung
carta pulang-modal carts sektor carta suhu carta turus caruman; sumbangan cas elektrik 437
sequential search exhaustive search
carta agihan
carta carta carts carta carts carta
carbon disulphide exploration onshore exploration subsea exploration subsurface exploration marine exploration
—
carian kerja
carts bulat carts garisan carta jalur
bordeaux mixture sales mix product mix appropriate mix camphorated opium geographical tenure
—
— —
— — — — — — —
—
— — —
—
job search
circular chart line chart band chart control chart progress chart organization chart pie chart planning chart profit planning chart break-even chart sector chart temperature chart bar chart contribution electrical charge
catatan
catatan catatan beregu catatan berkombinasi catatan penutup catatan; masukan catel catat-tera catatan pembuka catuan; bekalan makanan catuan pengeluaran cawangan; cabangan cecair bersekutu cecair gas ash cegah banjir cegahan cegahan sampah-sarap cek cek akaun penenima cek bank cek bentanda cek diperakui
ciri kewangan
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
remarks double entry combined entry closing entry entry chattel endorse opening entry ration
cek diundur tarikh cek kosong cek lambung cek lusuh cek mati cek mati tarikh cek palang cek pembawa cek penintah cek tak layan cek tarikh tertunda cek terbuka cekung cemaran cembung cengkeram sewa beli cerun cmi buatan manusia cmi bukan kewangan
production ration branch associated liquids natural gas liquid flood prevention prohibition prohibition of litter cheque account payee cheque bank cheque marked cheque certified cheque
ciri kewangan 438
— — — — — — — — -
— — — — — —
—
backdated cheque blank cheque bounced cheque multilated cheque stale cheque outdated cheque crossed cheque bearer cheque order cheque dishonoured cheque post-dated cheque open cheque concave contamination convex deposit hire purchase slope man-made feature non-pecuniary characteristic financial character
ciri pengeluaran
cukaijualan
cmi pengeluaran
—
production characteristic
ciri pengendahian
—
operating characteristic
cukai barang mewah cukai barang pengeluar
cmi spesies
— —
characteristic of species structural characteristic
cukai barangan/cukai komoditi
—
taste
cukai Clarke
cita rasa pengguna
-
consumer taste
contoh berangka
—
numerical example
cukai denda atas pelaburan asing
contoh ladang
—
farm example
cmi struktur cita nasa
corakjalan berjejari cuba-cuba
—
radial street pattern trial and error
—
San Pablo response trial
—
cubaan gerak balas San Pablo cukai
—
cukai; bayaran; kadar
—
cukai ad valorem cukai arak cukai asing cukai atas keuntungan cukai atas nilai tanah cukai balak
— — — — — -
cukai efluen cukai eksais cukai eksport cukai estet; cukai hanta cukai gaji cukai guna tenaga terpihih
tax rates
cukai harts benda cukai harts benda atas baki
ad valorem tax liquor tax foreign tax tax on profit tax on land value stumpage tax
-
commodity tax
—
Clarke tax
—
-
tax penalty of foreign investment effluent tax
—
excise tax
-
export tax
—
estate tax
—
payroll tax selective employment tax
-
property tax
-
—
on balance property tax personal property tax
cukai hasil pertroleurn
—
petroleum revenue tax
cukai huni
-
occupancy tax
cukaijualan
—
sales tax
cukai harts benda persendirian
439
—
luxury tax producer goods tax
-
—
cukaijualan barang perkilangan/cukaijualan barang pembuatan
cukai jualan barang perkilangan/cukai jualan barang pembuatan
—
manufactures sale tax
—
multiple stage sale tax
cukai jualan borong
—
wholesale sales tax
cukai jualan perbandaran
—
municipal sales tax
cukai jualan berbilang tahap
cukai jualan pilihan
—
choice sales tax
cukai jualan runcit
—
retail sales tax
cukai kawalan per-
—
sumptuary tax
belanjaan cukai kekayaan cukai keluaran cukai kemasukan cukai kematian
-
wealth tax product tax
—
accession tax
-
—
death tax
cukai kenderaan bermotor
—
motor vehicle tax
cukai kepala
-
cukai kerajaan pusat cukai keselamatan sosial
— —
cukai pendapatan perbandaran cukai keuntungan berlebihan cukai laba modal cukai langsung cukai lesen kenderaan bermotor cukai minyak cukai minyak motor cukai nilai bersih cukai nilai ditambah cukai pembangunan cukai pemberian cukai pemecahan cukai pencemaran cukai pendapatan
capitation tax/head tax/ poll tax
cukai pendapatan berkadar cukai pendapatan komprehensif cukai pendapatan negatif
central government tax social security tax
cukai pendapatan perbandaran 440
—
— —
excess profit tax capital gain tax direct tax motor vehicle license tax
-
gasoline tax motor-fuel tax net worth tax value added tax development tax gift tax
—
severance tax
— — —
— —
— —
— —
pollution tax income tax proportional income tax comprehensive income tax negative income tax municipal income tax
cukai pendapatan perseorangan
cukai pendapatan perseorangan cukai pendapatan progresif
—
personal income tax
cukai rokok cukai sebaran kotoran
—
progressive income tax
cukai secara piramid
regressive income tax corporate income tax/ corporation income tax
cukai sekali cukai sekali gus
cukai pendapatan regresif
—
cukai pendapatan syarikat
—
cukai penerimaan kasar cukai pengguna cuk.ai periggunaan cukai penyamaan bunga cukai perbelanjaan cukai perniagaan cukai perseorangan cukai perseorangan bersenggat cukai pertanian cukai Pigou cukai pindahan cukai progresif cukai pusing ganti cukai regresif
cukai untung
— — — — — — —
— — — — — —
gross receipt tax user tax consumption tax interest equalization tax expenditure tax/spending tax business tax personal tax graduated personal tax
cukai spesifik cukai sulfur cukai syarikat cukai tak langsung
441
cigarette tax
-
emission tax pyrainiding tax
—
single tax
-
lump-sum tax
—
— -
specific tax sulphur tax
—
corporate tax indirect tax
—
assessment tax
cukai tambahan
-
supplement tax
cukai tanah
—
cukai taksiran
cukai tembakau cukai tempatan cukai terpilih cukai tersembunyi cukai tokok cukai unit cukal untung
agricultural tax Pigovian tax transfer tax progressive tax turnover tax regressive tax
—
-
— —
— —
land charge/land tax/ quit rent tobacco tax local tax selective tax hidden tax surtax unit tax profit tax
cukai hidup; sara din
cukai untung tak diagih
cukai untung tak diagih cukai usaha
—
undistributed profit tax effort tax
cukai warisan cukai hidup; sara din
442
— —
inheritance tax subsistence
dadah gelap
dana penstabilan pertukaran
D dadah gelap daerah
—
illegal drug
—
district
daerah kredit ladang
—
daerah metalogen daerah pentadbiran daerah perkhidmatan khas daerah pertanian Daerah Pusat Perniagaan (DPP) daerah tujuan khas daerah utiliti awam daftar daftan gadai janji daftar penenimaan dagangan pampasan daging daging tiruan dakwaan antirust dalam negeni/domestik
—
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — —
dalam tugas
—
dalil kehomogenan
-
in commission homogeneity postulate
dalil ketekalan
—
consistency postulate
dampak dampingan sendiri
farm credit district metallogenic province
dana dana am
administrative district special service district agricultural district Central Business District special purpose district
self-adjoint fund general fund
dana amanah
-
trust fund
dana amanah lebuh raya
-
highway trust fund
dana bersama
—
dana disatukan dana insurans dana luarjangka dana panjar dana pencen dana pengangguran dana penstabilan pertukaran 443
impact
—
—
dana boleh labur dana boleh pinjam
public utility district register mortgage register acceptance register conpensation trade meat synthetic meat antirust suits domestic
—
-
-
mutual fund investible fund
-
loanable fund
— — —
consolidated fund insurance fund contingency fund imprest fund pension fund unemployment fund exchange stabilization fund
dasar kebajikan
dana persekutuan
dana persekutuan dana pinjaman dana pusingan dana nizàb dana tabungan dana tenikat dandang air dapur sosej daratan darjah kebebasan darjah kebebasan individu darjah kekolinearan berbilang darjah ketepatan darjah korelasi darjah pencapaian dasar; tapak dasar alam sekitar dasar antimonopoli dasar antitrust
— — — — — — -
—
— —
—
dasar atas-bawah dasar awam dasar bawah ke atas dasar bayaran efluen
federal fund loan fund revolving fund reserve fund saving fund sinking fund water boiler sausage kitchen on shore degree of freedom individual degree of freedom degree of multicollinearity
dasar belanjawan negara dasar berketentuan dasan cukai dasar ekonomi dasar ekonomi baru dasar eksploitasi pesat dasar eksploitasi/dasar penindasan dasar fiskal dasar fiskal budi bicara dasar fiskal pemampasan dasar guna tanah dasar harga galakan dasan harga gas dasar insurans dasan kartel dasar kehajikan
degree of accuracy degree of correlation degree of attainment bed environmental policy anti-monopoly policy antitrust policy 444
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
top-down policy public policy bottom-up policy effluent-fee policy national budget policy deterministic policy tax policy economic policy new economic policy rapid exploitation policy exploitation policy fiscal policy discretionary fiscal policy compensatory fiscal policy land-use policy promotive price policy gas price policy insurance policy cartel policy welfare policy
dasar keputusan Markov
dasar keputusan Markov dasar kerajaan dasar kesusutan dasar kesusutan minyak dasar kewangan dasar kuncup kembang dasar lat dasar laut dasar mata wang penting dasar melambat-lambat dasar memapakan jiran dasar menyeluruh dasar mikroekonomi dasar minyak negara dasar optimum dasan optimum segi sosial dasar pasaran tenbuka dasar pelesenan dasar peluasan dasar pemajakan
dasar perdagangan asing
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
Markovian decision policy government policy depletion policy oil depletion policy financial policy/monetary policy stop — go policy lag policy seabed key — currency policy go-slow policy beggar-my-neighbour policy blanket policy microeconomic policy national oil policy optimal policy socially optimum policy open-market policy licensing policy expansionist policy leasing policy
dasar pembangunan
-
development policy
dasar pembetulan
—
corrective policy
-
inflationary financing policy
dasar pembiayaan inflasi dasar pemeriksaan
—
inspection policy anticyclical conservation policy income policy
dasar penentuan harga
—
pricing policy
dasar pengekalan minyak
—
oil conservation policy
—
optimal extraction policy
—
expansive population policy
—
replacement policy
dasar pemuliharaan antikitaran dasar pendapatan
dasar pengekstrakan optimum dasar pengembangan penduduk dasar penggantian dasar pengintegrasi
445
—
dasar penstabilan
—
dasar perancangan
-
integrationist policy stabilization policy planning policy
dasar perbelanjaan
—
expenditure policy
dasar perdagangan
-
commercial policy
dasar perdagangan asing
—
foreign trade policies
—
dasar perdagangan berorientasikan pandangan ke luar dasar perdagangan beronientasikan pandangan ke luar dasar perindustnian dasar pertanian dasar pinjaman dasar portfolio
—
-
data sosioekonomi
outward-oriented trade policy
dasar udara dasar upah dasar wang rnudah
industrial policy
—
agricultural policy
—
loan policy
portfolio policy dasar prokitaran — procyclical policy dasar simpanan stok — stockpile policy dasar sosial — social policy dasar sumber — resource policy dasar sumber ash — natural resource policy dasar susut nilai — depreciation policy dasar tanah — land policy dasar tanah dara — virgin land policy dasar tenaga — energy policy dasar tenaga komprehensif — comprehensive energy policy dasar tenaga negara — national energy policy dasar terambang randomized policy dasar tukar beli trade-in policy
— —
air policy wage policy
dasar wang murah
-
easy money policy cheap money policy
dasar wilayah
—
regional policy
data asas
—
basic data
data diskret
—
discrete data
data empinik
—
empirical data
data fizikal
-
physical data
—
—
data heteroskedastik data jualan data kaji selidik belanjawan data kejuruteraan data keratan hintang data mentah data nyahmusim data sekunder data selanjar data sin masa data sosioekonomi 446
— — — — — — — — — —
heteroscedastic data sales data budget survey data engineering data cross — section data raw data deseasonalized data secondary data continuous data time series data socioeconomic data
data terjelma data terjelma data terkategori data terkelas data terkumpul data terlaras secara bermusim data utama dataran banjir dataran glasier dataran muda datuk bandar daya apung udara daya cukai daya elektrik daya intranuklear daya pengeluaran daya pengeluaran berkurangan daya pengeluanan bersih daya pengeluanan biologi daya pengeluaran buruh
daya pengeluaran sut sosial
— — — —
— — — — — — — -
— -
transformed data categorized data classified data grouped data seasonally adjusted data
daya pengeluaran buruh perindustnian daya pengeluaran huruh pertanian daya pengeluaran buruh punata daya pengeluaran buruh sut daya pengeluaran faktor daya pengeluaran modal sut daya pengeluaran pembuatan/daya pengeluaran perkilangan
primary data flood plain glacier table young plain mayor airbuoyancy tax effort electric force intra-nuclear force productivity diminishing productivity
daya pengeluaran pertanian daya pengeluaran sut daya pengeluaran sut berkurangan daya pengeluaran sut input
net productivity biology productivity labour productivity
daya pengeluaran sut sosial 447
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
— -
—
—
industrial labour productivity agricultural labour productivity average labour productivity marginal productivity of labour factor productivity marginal productivity of capital manufacturing productivity agricultural productivity marginal productivity diminishing marginal productivity marginal productivity of input social marginal productivity
daya pengeluaran tanih
daya pengeluaran tanih daya pengeluaran ternakan daya rejan/firma pendorong daya sebaran kotoran daya scrap daya tahan pada antibiotik daya tahan racun perosak daya usaha debentur debentur bercagar debentur berdaftar debentur boleh tebus debentur gadai janji debentur kekal debit debit bank debu kosmos debu logam dedahan kebisingan pekerjaan
deposit cengkerain
— —
— — — -
— —
— — — — — — —
soil productivity productivity of livestock propulsive
defisit/kurangan defisit bersih defisit luar negeri defisit perdagangan deflasi dekad pembangunan kedua dekri persetujuan pembungkus demam wasap logam demografi demokrasi demokrasi perindustrian denda/penalti denda cukai denda sulfur dengan diskaun dengan dividen dengan premium depan kedai
emissivity absorbance resistant to antibiotic resistance to pesticide initiative debenture secured debenture registered debenture redeemable debenture mortgage debenture perpetual debenture debit bank debit cosmic dust metal dust occupational noise exposure
deposit; cengkeram 448
—
deficit net deficit external deficit trade deficit deflation second development decade
—
packer’s consent decree
— — — — -
—
metal fume fever demography democracy industrial democracy penalty tax forfeiture sulphur penalty at a discount cum dividend at a premium shop front
—
deposit
— — — — — — —
deposit bank
deposit bank deposit bekas minuman deposit bijih deposit bijih enapan
deterininisme ekonosni
— —
bank deposit beverage container deposit
deposit teletermal deposit tetap desa desa-bandar
—
telethermal deposit
-
fixed deposit/time deposit
—
country side
—
ore deposit sedimentary ore deposit
—
rural-urban
deposit boleh bayar balik
—
refundable deposit
desakan
-
drive
deposit garam
—
salt deposit
desakan asas
—
deposit gas ash
—
natural gas deposit
desakan pengguna
—
basic -drive consumer insistence
deposit khas
—
special deposit
desakan peringkat kedua desakan sosial
—
secondary drive
deposit kimia deposit minyak mentah
—
-
chemical deposit crude oil deposit
deposit miskin
-
poor deposit
deposit perak
—
silver deposit
deposit sekuriti deposit selamat deposit singenetik deposit sulfida deposit tabungan; deposit simpanan deposit tak dieksploitasi deposit tambahan
—
— — — —
— —
desentralisasi desentralisasi fiskal desentralisasi makiumat
security deposit safe deposit syngenetic deposit sulphide deposit saving deposit
desentralisasi pejabat desentralisasi pemasarati desibel bunyi ditanggap detergen detergen kurang fosfat detergen tanpa fosfat determinisme ekonomi
unexploited deposit supplementary deposit 449
— — —
—
— -
— — — —
social drive decentralization fiscal decentralization informational decentralization office decentralization marketing dicentralization perceived noise decibel detergent low-phosphate detergent non-phosphate detergent economic determinism
dividen fiskal
dewan perdagangan
dewan perdagangan dewan perniagaan dewan sambutan
—
chamber of trade chamber of commerce reception hail
di antara barisan
—
between-the-rows
dibawa ke bawah
—
carried down
disiplin keutamaan/ disiplin prioniti disiphin layanan
— —
disinflasi disiplin bans menunggu
dibawa ke depan
—
carried forward
disiplin penggiliran
diet kos minimum
-
minimum cost diet
diskaun bank diskaun masa tulen
dikotomi
—
disinflation waiting line discipline
—
priority discipline
—
— -
—
bank discount pure time discount
—
rediscount
—
-
dichotomy
-
finite dimension
-
quality dimension
diskaun semula diskaun tunai diskriminasi biologi
dimensi kuantiti
-
quantity dimension
diskriminasi harga
—
dimensi masa
—
time dimension market dimension
diskniminasi kerja
—
dimensi finit/dimensi terhingga dimensi kuahiti
dimensi dimensi dinamik dinamik dinamik
pasaran ruang
—
— -
ekonomi pembangunan
dinamik perindustnian dipeningkat; digred
— —
-
diskriminasi sosial diskniminasi upah
space dimension dynamic economic dynamics dynamics of development
diskniminasi wanita diuntukkan dividen dividen akhir
industrial dynamics graded
dividen fiskal 450
service discipline queueing discipline
— —
cash discount biological discrimination price discrimination job discrimination
—
social discrimination
—
wage discrimination
—
women discrimination
— —
allocated dividend final dividend fiscal dividend
dividen interim dividen interim dividen pertumbuhan negara dividen tak kumulatif dogma ekonomi pembangunan
dolar malar
—
-
—
doktnin agraria
—
doktnin agregat
—
doktrin aliran semula jadi doktnin bil benar doktnin harmoni doktrin imbangan buruh doktrin imbangan perdagangan doktrin kegunaan benpatutan doktrine kernurahan dan banyak doktrin komponen pendapatan tetap doktrin kos alternatif
interim dividend
doktrin kos melepas doktnin mahal dan banyak
-
opportunity cost doctrine dearness-and-plenty doctrine
non-cumulative dividend dogma of development economic
doktnin penduduk
-
population doctrine
agrarian doctrine
doktnin peralatan negeni
national dividend of growth
—
aggregate doctrine natural flow doctrine
—
real bill doctrine
— — —
—
—
—
—
doktnin pengambilgunaan (undang-undang air)
doktnin perlu perdagangan doktnin saluran untuk lebihan
harmony doctrine balance-of-labour doctrine balance of trade doctrine
doktrin upah-dana dokumen dokumen berasalan dokumen berautoniti dokumen hak milik
reasonable use doctrine
dokumen kontrak dokumen penginiman; dokumen perkapalan dokumentasi dolar malar
cheapness-and-plenty doctrine permanent income component doctrine alternative cost doctrine 451
—
-
appropriation doctrine (water law) state instrumentality doctrine need-of-trade doctrine
—
vent-for-surplus doctrine
—
wage-fund doctrine
-
-
— — — — -
— —
document originating document authoritative document document of title contract document shipping document documentation constant dollar
domain domain domain fungsi domain nyata domain perancangan domain tarikan dominans dorongan/motivasi draf bank draf nangka/garis kasar dua tiala dua input berubah dua kehendak serentak dua nilaian dualisme dualisme ekologi dualisme ekonomi dualisme geografi dualisme kantungan asing dualisme kewangan dualisme sosial
duti ekaport
— — — — — -
— — — —
domain domain of function eminent domain planning domain domain of attraction dominance motivation bank draft draft outline bilateral two variable inputs double coincidence of wants double standard dualism ecological dualism economic dualism geographic dualism •foreign enclave dualism financial dualism social dualism
dualisme sosiobudaya dualisme teknologi dualistik dualiti dualiti penentuan harga dualiti peruntukan duit adil/syiling adil duit curai dunia baru dunia keempat dunia ketiga dunia perdagangan dunia pertama duopoli duopsoni dunian runtuh duti; tugas duti antilambakan duti berdiskriminasi duti eksport 452
— — — — —
— — — — — — —
sociocultural dualism technological dualism dualistic duality duality of price determination duality of allocation fair coin fractional coinage new world fourth world third world trading world first world
—
duapoly duopsony windfall duty anti-dumping duty discriminating duty
-
export duty
— — — -
duti setem
dud harta pusaka
duti duti duti duti duti
harta pusaka harta tanah import kastam kematian
— —
estate duty realty duty import duty custom duty death duty
duti kompaun duti modal duti penerimaan harta duti setem
453
— -
compound duty capital duty succession duty stamp duty
ejen; agen
ekonomi kebajikan
E ejen; agen ejen borong ejen eksport ejen fiskal ejen jualan ejen komisen ejen kontnak ejen pembelian ejen pengembangan ejen perkapalan ekar per pekerja ekologi ekologi hutan ekologi manusia ekologi padang rumput ekologi tanaman ekonometnik ekonometrik benteori ekonometnik gunaan
—
agent wholesale agent export agent fiscal agent sales agent commission agent contract agent buying agent extension agent shipping agent acre per man ecological/ecology forest ecology human ecology grassland ecology crops ecology econometrics theoretical econometrics
—
applied econometrics
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
ekonomi ekonomi agnaria ekonomi alam sekitar ekonomi bandar ekonomi barter/ ekonomi tukar barang ekonomi bebas ekonomi berorientasikan pasanan ekonomi berskel ekonomi berteoni ekonomi bukan Say ekonomi campuran ekonomi deduktif ekonomi deskriptif ekonomi dunia ekonomi guna jentera ekonomi ikut skel/ ekonomi ikut bidangan ekonomi kantungan ekonomi kebajikan 454
—
ekonomics agrarian economy environmental economics urban economics
—
barter economy
— — —
— —
— — — — — — —
— —
— —
free economy market oriented economy scale economy theoretical economics non-Sayian economics mixes economy deductive economic descriptive economics world economy mechanized economy economics of scale enclave economy welfare economics
ekonomi kejuruteraan
ekonomi Ricardo
ekonomi kejuruteraan
—
ekonomi kewangan
—
ekonomi Keynes
—
engineering economics monetary economics/ pecuniary economy Keynesian economics
ekonomi klasik
—
classical economics
ekonomi kuantitatif
—
ekonomi kurang maju/ ekonomi kurang membangun ekonomi lanjutan ekonomi luaran ekonomi Maithus ekonomi Marx
—
—
— —
ekonomi pemilikan persendirian ekonomi pemprosesan data ekonomi pencemaran ekonomi penekanan baru ekonomi pengurusan ekonomi penumpuan ekonomi penyelarasan ekonomi perancangan pusat ekonomi perlombongan ekonomi pertanian ekonomi perundingan ekonomi petroleum ekonomi politik ekonomi positif
quantitative economics underdeveloped economy
advanced economics external economy Malthusian economics
ekonomi matang
—
Marxian economics mature economy
ekonomi matematik
—
mathematical economics
ekonomi negara
—
national economy
—
neoclassical economics
—
normative economics
ekonorni proletariat ekonomi radikal
ekonomi neoklasik ekonomi normatif
—
—
—
— — — — — —
— — — — — —
private ownership economy economics of data processing economics of pollution new deal economics managerial economics agglomeration economy synchronization economics central planning economy mining economics agricultural economics consultant’s economic petroleum economics political economy positive economics
—
proletariat economy radical economics
—
ekonomi pasaran
—
market economy
ekonomi rancang laksana
—
concerted economics
ekonomi pembangunan
—
development economics
ekonomi Ricardo
-
Ricardian economy
455
ekonomi Ricardo mudah
ekonomi ekonomi ekonomi ekonomi
Ricardo mudah rumah tangga sempadan statistik
ekonomi sumber ekonomi tak ikut skel/ ekonomi ikut bidangan ekonomi tanah ekonomi tanpa buangan ekonomi tanpa kerajaan ekonomi tenaga ekonomi terancang ekonomi terbuka ekonomi tenimbang ekonomi terkawal ekonomi terpimpin ekonomi tertutup ekonomi tulen ekonomi tumpuan isi rumah ekonomi utihiti awam
eksport bersih
— — — —
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
—
simple Ricardian economy home economics frontier economics statistical economics
ekonomi wang ekosistem ekosistem manusia ekploitasi pesat eksekutif eksogen eksploitasi/penindasan eksploitasi benlebihan eksploitasi bermonopoli eksploitasi bermonopsoni eksploitasi lautan eksploitasi sumber saling bertentangan ekspo eksponen eksport
resource economics diseconomics of scale land economics zero-discharge economy non-government economy energy economics planned economy open economy balanced economy controlled economy directed economy closed economy pure economics household agglomeration economics public utility economy
eksport asasi eksport barang perkilangan/eksport barang pembuatan eksport bersih 456
—
money economy ecosystem human ecosystem rapid exploitation executive exogenous exploitation overexploitation monopolistic exploitation monopsonistic exploitation oceanic exploitation antagonistic exploitation of resource expo exponent export
—
staple export
—
manufactures export
—
net export
— — — — — — — — — — —
— —
eksport daging
ekspont daging eksport modal eksport nampak eksport pertanian eksport tak nampak eksternaliti eksternaliti barang awam eksternaliti berhubung Pareto eksternaliti berhubungan eksternaliti bukan kewangan eksternaliti dinamik eksternaliti faedah eksternaliti kewangan eksternaliti kos eksternaliti langsung eksternaliti pemilikan eksternaliti pengeluaran eksternaliti penggunaan eksternaliti persekitaran
elek*rik atmosfera
— — — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — — -
— —
meat export capital export visible export agricultural export invisible export externality public goods externality Pareto relevant externality
eksternaliti teknologi ekstraktif penndustrian
—
technological externality industrial extractives
esktrapolasi
—
extrapolation
ekstrapolasi mudah
-
simple extrapolation
ekstremum tempatan ekstremum terpencil ekuiti antara generasi ekuiti antara negara
relevant externality non-pecuniary externality
consumption externality environmental externality 457
— —
— —
local extremum isolated extremum intergeneration equity internation equity
ekuiti cukai
—
tax equity
ekuiti menegak
—
vertical equity
ekuiti pemilik elaun elaun cukai elaun gangguan elaun keluarga elaun kerosakan elaun pendapatan rendah elaun permulaan elaun sara diii elektnik atmosfera
dynamic externality benefit externality pecuniary externality cost externality direct externality ownership externality production externality
—
— — — — — — — — — —
owner’s equity allowance tax allowance disturbance allowance family allowance breakdown allowance low-income allowance initial allowance subsistence allowance atmospheric electricity
elektrik nuldear
elektrik nuklear elektnik teraruh elektronik elemen pangsi clips penumpuan clips probabiliti sama/ clips kebarangkalian sama emas bebas emas putih embargo empinisisme empirisisme empunya enakmen enakmen tanah enap cemar diaktifkan enap cemar kumbahan enapan pelagik enggan (giliran) enjin haba
ex post sumber
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
nuclear electricity induced electricity electronic pivot element ellipse of concentration ellipse of equal probability
enjin kacukan enjin kecil enjin pembakaran dalaman enjin pembakaran tambahan entrepot epilog era geologi ergonomi eskalator cukai etik etika pemuliharaan etnosentnisme/fahaman ekonomi tertutup eutrofikasi evolusi kebetulan
free gold white gold embargo empiricism immanent empiricism proprietor enactment land enactment activated sludge sewage sludge pelagic sediment balking (queue) heat engine 458
— — —
—
—
— — —
—
evolusionisme Darwin
—
ex ante
—
ex ante sumber
—
ex post
—
ex post sumber
—
hybird engine donkey engine internal combustion engine extra combustion engine entrepot epilogue geological era ergonomics tax escalator ethic conservation ethic ethnocentrism eutrophication accidental evolution Darwinian evolutionism cx ante resource cx ante cx post resource cx post
faedah
fahaman falsafah
F faedah
-
benefit
faedah berbanding/
—
comparative advantage
faedah bon negara
—
faedah bukan kewangan faedah dan kos persendinian faedah dan kos sosial faedah kelanjutan umur faedah kematian faedah ketara faedah kos letakan faedah kos mutlak faedah limpahan faedah luar pasaran faedah luaran faedah mutlak faedah pembangunan faedah perbelanjaan
faedah peringkat kedua
—
faedah rekreasi
—
secondary benefit recreational benefit
faedah relatif
—
relative advantage
faedah ruang
—
spatial benefit
faedah sampingan
—
fringe benefit
faedah sosial
—
social benefit
faedah sosial sut
-
marginal social benefit
—
state bond interest non-monetary benefit/ nonpecuniary benefit private benefit and cost
faedah sut
—
—
social benefit and cost
faedah tak ketara
—
marginal benefit intangible benefit
longeyity benefit death benefit
faedah tak langsung faedah tak luncur faedah tak tertaksir faedah tertelus faedah tulen faham penjajah fahaman antilogam fahaman bersekutu
—
indirect benefit
—
— -
— — — — — — — -
tangible benefit location cost advantage absolute cost advantage spillover benefit extra-market benefit external benefit absolute advantage development benefit expenditure benefit
fahaman bulion fahaman evolusi fahaman falsafah 459
— — — — — — — — —
non-forfeiture benefit unmeasured benefit benefit pervasive pure interest colonialism antimetallism associationist bullionist evolutionism scholasticism
fahainan fasis
fahaman fasis fahaman harmoni fahaman institusi/ institusionalisme fahaman keayahan
faktor intninsik
fascism harmonism
fail kredit
—
—
fakir
—
—
institutionalism
fakta matan faktor faktor baki faktor beban
—
load factor
faktor bermusim
—
seasonal faktor
—
fahaman kedaerahan
—
paternalism regionalism
fahaman kemajmukan
—
pluralism
fahaman kepenggunaan fahaman kesamaan fahaman Marx; pemaham Marx fahaman pemisahan fahaman perlindungan fahaman perlindungan arang batu fahaman persekitaran fahaman persekutuan fahaman persektituan fiskal fahaman radikal fahaman Ricardo
—
— — —
— — —
— — —
— —
consumerism equalitanianism Marxist separatism protectionism coal protectionism environmentalism federalism fiscal federalism radicalism Ricardianism 460
—
—
factor
—
residual factor
faktor berubah
—
faktor bukan ekonomi
-
faktor dalaman
—
faktor faktor faktor faktor faktor faktor faktor faktor faktor faktor
demografi diskaun diskaun sosial eksogen endogen estetika homogen iklim institusi intrinsik
credit file hard core poor material fact
— — — — — —
variable factor non-economic factor internal factor demographic factor discount factor social discount factor exogenous factor endogenous factor esthetic factor homogeneous factor
—
climatic factor institutional factor
—
intrinsic factor
—
faktor kebolehbandingan kawasan
faktor kebolehbandingan kawasan faktor kecekapan faktor kualitatif
—
area comparability faktor
—
efficiency factor qualitative factor
faktor letakan
—
location factor
faktor letakan tetap
—
fixed location factor
faktor luaran faktor masa faktor pelegaan faktor peletakan faktor pembetul faktor pembetulan keselanjaran faktor pembetulan populasi finit/faktor pembetulan populasi terhingga faktor pemulihan faktor pengamilan faktor pengehad faktor pengeluaran
—
—
external factor time factor
—
mitigating faktor
—
— — —
—
— — — —
faktoraj
faktor pengeluaran bawahan faktor pengeluaran tetap faktor penggunaan faktor pengumpulan faktor pengurusan faktor penukaran faktor penyebab faktor persekitaran faktor pertumbuhan faktor pewajaran faktor risiko faktor sebaran atom faktor sepunya terkecil fakton sepunya tertinggi faktor sosioekonomi faktor teknologi faktor terkhusus faktor tetap faktor wajaran faktoraj
locational factor correcting factor continuity correction factor finite population correction factor
recovery factor integrating factor limiting factor production factor 461
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
inferior factor of production fixed factor of production utilization factor accumulation factor management factor - conversion factor causal factor environmental factor growth factor weighting factor risk factor atomic scattering factor least common factor highest common factor socio-economic factor technological factor specialized factor fixed factor weight factor factorage
faktorial
faktorial falsafah moral fasa fasa pembangunan fasa pembinaan fasal had tahunan fasal kebajikan umum fasal lengkapan semula fasal pelepasan fasal pembahagian fasal perlindungan sama fenol feromon fesyen eksponen malap fesyen kuadratik fesyen linear fesyen sin-gelombang malap feudalisme fi; yuran fi gelanggang
firma urusan bank pelaburan
—
factorial moral philosophy phase development phase building phase annual limit clause general welfare clause recapture clause escape-clause apportionment clause equal protection clause phenol pheromone damped exponential fashion quadratic fashion linear fashion
—
damped sine-wave fashion
— — — — — — — — — — —
fi penanikan fi sebut harga filamen karbon firma firma antarabangsa firma berdiskniminasi firma benmonopoli firma bersaingan firma borong makanan firma intrasut firma komisen firma kos rendah firma kos tinggi firma ladang fIrma marginal firma monopik firma perejan firma runcit makanan firma terkawal firma urusan bank pelahuran
feudalism fee —
ring fee 462
— —
— — — — — — — — —
withdrawal’s fee quotation fee carbon filament firm international firm discriminating firm monopolistic firm competitive firm food wholesaling firm intra-marginal firm commission firm low-cost firm high-cost firm farm firm marginal firm monopic firm propulsive firm food retailing firm restrained firm investment banking firm
frekuensi tercerap/kekerapan tercerap
firma wakilan firma wakilan fisiokrat fiskal fluks geoterma fluorin fluorokarbon foder format formula anuiti formula binomial formula dana tenikat formula hasil darab momen formula kombinasi formula membulat formula Paasche formula pelunasan formula pengganda formula separuh sudut formula titik tengah fosdnin
— — — — — — — — — —
—
— — — — — -
representative firm physiocrats fiscal geothermal flux fluorine fluorocarbon fodder format annuity formula binomial formula sinking-fund formula product-moment formula
fosfat
—
phosphate
fosil
—
fossil
fotosintesis
-
photosynthesis
francais
—
franchise
francais pasaran
—
market franchise
frekuensi/kekerapan
—
frequency
—
expected frequency
—
class frequency
—
cumulative frequency
—
relative frequency
—
cell frequency
—
marginal frequency
—
observed frequency
frekuensi dijangka/ kekerapan dijangka frekuensi kelas/kekerapan kelas frekuensi kumulatif/ kekerapan kumulatif
combinatorial formula
frekuensi relatif/ kekerapan relatif frekuensi sel/kekerapan sd frekuensi sut/kekerapan sut
circular formula Paasche formula amortization formula multiplier formula half angle formula midpoint formula phosdnin
frekuensi tercerap/ kekerapan tercerap 463
fundamentalisme modal
fundamentalisme modal fundamentalisme perancangan fundamentalisme penindustrian fundamentalisme pertanian fungsi algebra fungsi arbitrari/fungsi sembarangan fungsi asimptot fungsi autokorelasi berteori fungsi autokorelasi separa/ fungsi autokorelasi sebahagian fungsi autokorelasi separa berteoni/fungsi autokorelasi sebahagian berteori fungsi liahaya
-
fungsi cembung boleh beza dua kali
-
capital fundamentalism
-
planning fundamentalism
—
industrial fundamentalism
—
agricultural fundamentalism
—
algebraic function
—
arbitrary function
—
asymptotic function
—
theoretical autocorrelation
—
—
—
fungsi berbatas fungsi berbatas tegas fungsi berkala fungsi berkurangan ekanada fungsi berkurangan tegas fungsi hernilai banyak fungsi bernilai tunggal fungsi berparameter fungsi bessel terubah suai fungsi beta fungsi beta tak lengkap fungsi holeh pisah fungsi boleh songsang fungsi cekung fungsi cekung boleh beza dua kali
partial autocorrelation function theoretical partial autocorrelation function
fungsi cekung tegas fungsi cembung fungsi cembung boleh beza dua kali
hazard function 464
— —
— — — — — — — —
—
— —
bounded function strictly bounded function periodic function monotonically decreasing function strictly decreasing function many-valued function single-valued function parametric function modified bessel function beta function incomplete beta function separable function invertible function concave function twice differentiable concave function strictly concave function convex function twice differentiable convex function
fungsi cembung tegas
fungsi kebajikan sosial/fungsi kebajikan masyarakat
fungsi cembung tegas
—
fungsi ciri bersama
—
fungsi ciri kendalian
—
fungsi cirian
—
strictly convex function
fungsi gerak balas kuadraiik
joint characteristic function operating characteristic function
fungsi gerak balas penghijrahan
—
-
quadratic response function migration response function
characteristic function
fungsi gerak balas sebenar
—
true response function
—
hypergeometric function homogeneous function
fungsi daya tahan
—
resistance function
fungsi hipergeometnik
fungsi dwilinear
—
bilinear function
fungsi homogen
—
fungsi eksplisit
—
explicit function
fungsi homogen linear
—
fungsi eksponen
—
exponential function
fungsi fiskal
fiscal function
fungsi identiti
-
identity function
—
frequency function
fungsi import
—
import function
—
fungsi input-output
-
input-output function
fungsi integer terbesar
—
greatest integer function
fungsi keamatan silang
—
cross intensity function
fungsi kebajikan
-
welfare function
fungsi kebajikan paternal
—
fungsi frekuensi/fungsi kekerapan fungsi frekuensi empirik/ fungsi kekerapan empirik fungsi gama tak lengkap fungsi ganisan isi padu fungsi genap fungsi gerak balas fungsi get-ak balas baki
—
—
empirical frequency function incomplete gamma function
—
volume-line function
—
even function
-
response function
—
residual response function
fungsi kebajikan sosial/ fungsi kebajikan masyarakat 465
—
linearly homogeneous function
paternalistic welfare function social welfare function
fungsi kebarangkallan ketumpatan/fungsi probabiliti ketumpatan
fungsi kebarangkalian ketumpatan/fungsi probabiliti ketumpatan fungsi kebolehjadian
-
density probability function
-
likelihood function
fungsi lompatan tulen ftingsi ketumpatan pembaharuan fungsi ketumpatan; fungsi kepadatan fungsi keutamaan
—
renewal density function
—
density function
—
preference function
fungsi komposit
—
composite function
monotonically increasing function
fungsi kos
—
cost function
fungsi kredit
—
credit function
joint density function
fungsi kuadratik
—
quadratic function
fungsi kepadatan probabiliti/fungsi kepadatan kebarangkalian fungsi keputusan —
probability density function
fungsi kuasa
—
power function
fungsi kuasa tiga
—
fungsi kuasi-cirian
—
cubic function quasi-characteristic function
fungsi keputusan boleh terima
admissible decision function
—
Lagrangian function
—
lexicographic function
—
Leontief function
—
linear function
fungsi kemungkinan pengeluaran fungsi kenaikan ekanada fungsi kepadatan bersama
fungsi keputusan statistik boleh terima fungsi keputusan terambang fungsi kesal fungsi kesatuan sekerja
-
-
—
—
—
—
— -
production possibility function
decision function
fungsi Lagrange fungsi leksikografi
admissible statistical decision function
fungsi Leontief
randomized decision function
fungsi fungsi fungsi fungsi
fungsi linear
regret function trade union function 466
-
logaritma loganitma asas e logistik lompatan tulen
—
logarithmic function logarithmic function base e logistic function
—
pure jump function
— —
fungsi matematik
fungsi matematik fungsi membulat songsang
fungsi pengeluaran input-output
—
mathematical function inverse circular function
fungsi penawaran buruh
-
labour supply function
—
long run supply function
fungsi menganggar
-
estimating function
fungsi penawaran jangka panjang
fungsi meningkat tegas
—
strictly increasing function
fungsi pengagihan
-
distributional function
fungsi nilai nyata
—
-
production function
real-valued function
fungsi pengeluaran
average sample number function
fungsi pengeluaran berbilang tempoh
—
objective function
fungsi objektif kuadratik
—
quadratic objective function
fungsi pengeluaran berganda
fungsi peluang pelaburan
—
fungsi pemasaran
—
investment — opportunity function marketing function
fungsi pembaharuan
—
renewal function
fungsi pembiayaan
-
financing function
fungsi pempiawaian
—
standardization function
fungsi pengeluaran daging babi
fungsi penawaran
—
supply function
fungsi pengeluaran Hicks
-
commodity supply function
fungsi pengeluaran homogen
-
multiperiod supply function
fungsi pengeluaran inputoutput
fungsi nombor sampel purata fungsi objektif
fungsi penawaran barangan/komoditi fungsi penawaran berbilang tempoh
—
fungsi pengeluaran cari gali fungsi pengeluaran CobbDouglas
467
-
-
—
-
multiperiod production function multiple production function exploration production function Cobb-Douglas production function
—
pork production function
—
Hicks production function
—
—
homogeneous production function input-output production function
fungsi logaritma
fungsi pengeluaran Hicks
fungsi pengeluaran susu
—
milk production function
fungsi permintaan
fungsi penggunaan
—
consumption function
fungsi penggunaan linear
—
fungsi permintaan berbilang tempoh
fungsi penggunaan agregat
-
linear consumption function
—
demand function multiperiod demand function
aggregate consumption function
fungsi permintaan faktor
—
factor demand function
fungsi permintaan individu
-
individual demand function
fungsi penilaian
—
evaluation function
fungsi permukaan
—
surface function
fungsi penjagaan tenTh
—
order preserving function
fungsi permulaan
-
elementary function
multivariate generating function
fungsi peruntukan
—
allocation function
—
poultry enterprise function
fungsi penjana berbilang pembolehubah fungsi penjanaan maklumat fungsi penjanaan momen fungsi penjanaan probabiliti/fungsi penjanaan kebarangkalian
—-
—
—
—
fungsi perusahaan ayam itik fungsi probabiliti peralihan/fungsi kebarangkalian peralihan fungsi nisiko
information generating function moment generating function probability generating function
—
transition probability function
—
risk function
fungsi rosotan jarak
—
distance decay function
fungsi penjualan
—
selling function
fungsi seluruh
—
entire function
fungsi penstabilan
—
stabilization function
fungsi set berdaya tambah
—
additive set function
fungsi penunjuk
-
indicator function
fungsi Spillman
—
Spillman function
fungsi penyimpanan
—
storage function
fungsi tabungan
—
saving function
fungsi perancangan
-
planning function
fungsi taburan
-
distribution function
468
fungsi taburan probabiliti kuinulatif fungsi taburan probabihiti kumulatif/fungsi taburan kebarangkalian kumulatif fungsi taburan kumulatif fungsi tersirat fungsi tindak balas polinominal darjah pertama fungsi transenden fungsi transformasi fungsi trigonometni fungsi untung
—
—
—
-
—
cumulative probability distribution function
fungsi untung CobbDouglas fungsi utama fungsi utiliti
cumulative distribution function
fungsi utiliti berbilang tempoh
implicit function
fungsi utiliti boleh pisah
first degree polynominal response function
fungsi utiliti saling bergantung
transcendental function
—
transformation function trigonometric function
—
profit function
—
fungsian pivot/fungsian pangsi
fungsian dwilinear fungsian pivot/fungsian pangsi
469
—
Cobb-Douglas profit function central function
—
utility function
-
-
—
—
— -
multiperiod utility function separable utility function interdependent utility function bilinear functional pivotal function
gambar rajah berpanah
gabungan
G
galian bet-magnet lemah/ mineral bermagnet lemah
gabungan
—
affiliate
gabungan; kesatuan
—
union
gabungan faktor
—
factor combination
—
optimal factor combination
gabungan faktor optimum/kombinasi faktor optimum gabungan mendatar
—
galian bijih/mineral bijih
-
galian bijih peringkat kedua galian bijih supergen/ mineral bijih supergen
horizontal amalgamation
galian karbonat galian strategi/mineral strategi
—
weakly magnetic mineral
—
ore mineral
—
secondary ore mineral
—
supergene ore mineral
—
carbonate mineral
—
strategic mineral
—
strontium mineral
gadai janji
—
mortgage
gadai janji catel
—
chattel mortgage
gadai janji harta tanah
—
real estate mortgage
galian strontium/mineral strontium
gadai janji pertama
—
first mortgage
galian tak sesuai
-
incompatible mineral
gadai janji tanah
—
mortgage of land
galian tanah hat
—
clay mineral
gaji upahan
—
hired wage
decision flow diagram
export incentive
gambar rajah aliran keputusan
—
—
gambar rajah Argand
-
Argand diagram
galakan eksport/insentif eksport galat propil
—
proply galate
gambar rajah baji
—
wedge diagram
galian aksesoni
—
accessory mineral
gambar rajah berpanah
—
arrow diagram
470
gambar rajah Euler gambar rajah Euler gambar rajah keputusan berhierarki
gangsa manganum
—
—
Euler’s diagram
gambar rajah kotak
—
box diagram
gambar rajah penjadualan
—
scheduling diagram
gambar rajah pokok
—
gambar rajah realisasi penelahan gambar rajah selerakan gamban rajah tabungan dan pelaburan gamban rajah titik gambar najah Venn gambaran pasanan ganda dua mm ganda dua mm dijangka ganda dua terkecil ganda dua tenkecil berwajaran ganda dua terkecil biasa
—
—
—
ganda dua terkecil dua tahap
hierarchical decision diagram
ganda dua terkecil klasik ganda dua terkecil songsang ganda dua terkecil teram ganda dua terkecil terbatas ganda dua terkecil tiga peringkat
tree diagram prediction-realization diagram scatter diagram
gandaan sepunya terendah gangguan gangguan berautokorelasi
saving-and-investment diagram
-
dot diagram
—
Venn diagram
—
market outlook
—
mean squares
—
expected mean square
—
least square
—
weighted least squares
—
ordinary least-squares
gangguan heteroskedastik gangguan putih gangguan rambang gangguan sosial gangguan stokastik gangsa gangsa aluminium gangsa karbon gangsa manganum 471
—
— —
— — —
— — —
— — — — — — — — —
two-stage least squares classical least squares inverse least squares generalized least squares restricted least squares three stage least squares lowest common multiple disturbance/noise outocorrelated disturbance heteroscedastic disturbance white noise random disturbance social distruption stochastic disturbance bronze aluminium bronze carbon bronze manganese bronze
gangsa silikon gangsa silikon ganjaran ganjaran bukan kewangan ganjaran kewangan ganjaran menunggu/ ganjaran menanti ganjaran risiko ganti rosak nominal ganti rugi ganti rugi berganda ganti rugi pemecahan ganti rugi peninju ganti rugi sut gantian garam batuan garam kalsium garis batuan garis belanja malar garis belanjawan garis belanjawan antara masa
garisan ganda dua terkecil
— — — — —
silicon bronze gratuity non-pecuniary reward pecuniary reward waiting reward
—
risk reward nominal damages indemnity; damages double indemnity severance damage boxer indemnity marginal damage substitute salt rock calcium salt ridge line constant-outlay line budget line
—
intertemporal budget line
— — — — — — — — — — -
garis kawalan dalam
—
inner control line
garis kos sama
—
equal cost line/isocost line
garis padanan terbaik
—
best fit line
garis panduan dasar kesusutan
depletion policy guide line
garis panduan upah
—
wage guideline
garis panduan upah-harga
-
wage-price guideline
garis penamat
-
finishing line
garis penerimaan garis penggunaan garis perbelanjaan garis permulaan garis sempadan garisan arah aliran garisan aturan jalan garisan bangunan garisan belanja sama garisan bidang; garisan skel garisan catuari garisan ganda dua terkecil 472
-
— —
— — —
— —
acceptance line consumption line expenditure line initial line boundary line trend line regular line of street
—
building line iso-outlay line scale line ration line
—
least squares line
— — —
gansan harga
garisan harga garisan hasil sama garisan imbangan pengeluaran-penggunaan garisan kawalan luar garisan kemiskinan garisan lurus garisan median garisan pendapatan garisan perenggan; garisan tanda sempadan garisan ramalan sempurna garisan regresi garisan tengah garisan unjuran garisari untung sama gas air gas arang batu gas ash gas ash bersekutu gas ash cecair
gasolin tanpa plumbum
—
price line iso-revenue line production-consumption balance line outer control line poverty line straight line median line income line demarcation line
—
line of perfect forecast
— — —
— — — — —
—
regression line centre line projection line iso-profit line water gas coal gas natural gas associated natural gas
—
liquefied natural gas (LNG)
— — — — — — —
gas ash kering gas bahan bakar gas basah gas boleh bakar gas gunung berapi gas lengai gas masam gas mentah gas metana gas nadir gas pekan gas pencahayaan gas penyurih gas petroleum cecair gas racun gas radioaktif gas saraf gas surih gasolin gasolin tanpa plumbum 473
— — — — — — — — — — -
—
— — — — -
dry natural gas fuel gas wetgas combustible gas volcanic gas inert gas sour gas rawgas methane gas rare gas town gas illuminating gas tracer gas liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) poison gas radioactive gas nerve gas trace gas gasoline unleaded gasoline
gaya pengangkut/pengirim
gaya pengangkut/pengirim gedung agensi gedung cawangan gedung diskaun gedung francais gedung kewangan gedung pembungkus cawangan gedung penawaran gedung penerimaan gedung penjelasan
gerak balas latñ
-
— —
— —
shipper style
finance house
—
branch house packer
-
supply house
—
acceptance house
—
gelagat pasaran
—
market conduct
gelombang; ombak
—
wave
gehombang bunyi
—
sound wave
—
shock wave kinetic wave long wave tidal wave
—
replacement wave
— — —
gempa bumi genangan generasi masa depan gentian haiwan gentian kasar gentian tiruan geografi geografi pengeluaran galian
clearing house mail-order house
gedung pesanan mel
gelombang kejutan gelombang kinetik gelombang panjang gelombang pasang surut gelombang penggantian
gelung makium balas positif
discount house franchise house
—
—
gelung makium balas negatif
agency house branch house
geografi sumber geologi gerak halas gerak balas bersama gerak balas kepada peluang gerak balas ladang gerak balas hat 474
—
negative feedback ioop
—
positive feedback loop
— — — — — — — —
earthquake stagnation future generation animal fibre crude fibre synthetic fibre geography geography of mineral production
—
geography of resource geology response joint response
—
response to opportunity
— — —
— —
farm response lag response
gerak balas padang rumput ternakan gerak balas padang rumput ternakan
—
gerak balas penawaran gerak balas serta-merta
—
gerak balas terhadap baja
—
gerak balas terhadap masa gerak halas terhadap ruang gerak balas terkonstren/ gerak balas terkekang gerakan berharmoni geran; bantuan geran bantuan geran bersyarat geran blok geran fi mudah geran fungsian geran kerajaan negeri geran peratusan penyamaan geran perolehan hak berbalas
— — —
— — — — — — — —
—
giliran tana~nan
pasture-livestock response
geran pertubuhan/geran yayasan
supply response
gerar~sesuai geran tak bersyarat geran tak sepadan geran umum getah tiruan giliran giliran berkongsi masa giliran dengan halangan
instantaneous response response to fertilizer response over time response over space constrained response harmonic motion grant grant-in-aid conditional grant block grant grant in fee simple functional grant state grant percentage~equahizationgrant
giliran finit/gihiran terhingga gihiran infinit/gihiran tak terhingga giliran kapasiti finit/giliran kapasiti terhingga gihiran keutamaan/giliran prioriti giliran layanan tunggal
-
—
appropriate grant unconditional grant non-matching grant general grant synthetic rubber queue/rotation time sharing queues queues with balking finite queue
—
infinite queue
—
finite-capacity queue
—
priority queue
—
single-service queue
— — — — — — -
giliran pukal
grant of cross-easement
gihiran tanaman 475
foundation grant
bulk queue —
crop rotation
giliran tanpa halangan
giliran tanpa halangan gihiran terdahulu giliran; anjakan glasier batuan glasier garam golongan berpendapatan tinggi golongan minoriti golongan pekerja perindustrian gohongan terjejas graf graf bulat graf garis terputus graf garisan graf pal graf turus granit graviti graviti spesifik gred
guna tenaga penuh queues without balking
— — -
-
— -
— — — -
gred daging gred daging lembu muda gred submarginal grid pelan grid perancangan gudang gugusan gugusan perisai gunung berapi gumpalan guna air konsumtif guna tanah awam guna tanah intensil guna tanah komprehensif guna tanah optimum guna tanah pertanian guna tenaga; pekerjaan guna tenaga ikut bangsa; guna tenaga ikut kaum
pre-emptive queue shift rock glacier salt glacier high income group group minority industrial population affected party graph circular graph broken line graph line graph pie graph bar graph granite gravity specific gravity grade
guna tenaga ladang guna tenaga penuh 476
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
— —
meat grade veal grade submarginal grade plan grid planning grid godown/warehouse cluster volcanic shield cluster coagulum consumptive use of water public land use intensive use of land comprehensive land use optimum land use agricultural land use employment employment by race farm employment full employment
guna tenaga perkhidinatan
guna tenaga perkhidmatan guna tenaga sut guna tenaga tak penuh
gunung berapi bawah Jaut
— — —
service employment marginal employment underemployment
guna tenaga tak penuh gunclal; akur gunung berapi hawah laut
477
— —
non-full employment tally submarine volcanic alp
haba atom
hak eksklusif
H haba atom haba mengering haba peleburan haba pembakaran haba pendam
—
atomic heat desiccating heat
-
heat of melting
—
—
heat of combustion latent heat
—
heat of vaporization
—
waste heat
-
breeding habitat
had
-
limit
had ambang
—
threshold limit
haba penyejatan haba sisa habitat pembiakan
—
had cukai
—
had ekonomi
—
had fidusial had harga had kawalan bawah had kelas had kelas atas had kelas bawah
—
—
lower class limit
— — —
had sempadan had toleransi haiwan akuatik haiwan karnivor hak air atmosfera hak ameniti hak aLas air hak awam hak bawah permukaan hak eksklusif
tax limit economic limit fiducial limit price limit lower control limit class limit upper class limit
—
had kelas benar had kepada pertumbuhan had kepekatan/had penumpuan had ketahanan atas had keyakinan had keyakinan atas had keyakinan bawah had penentuan harga had prohabiliti/had kebarangkahian
478
— — -
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — — — —
true class limit limit to growth concentration limit upper tolerance limit confidence limit upper confidence limit lower confidence limit pricing limit probability limit boundary limit tolerance limit aquatic animal carnivorous animal atmospheric water rights amenity right water rights civil rights subsurface right exclusive rights
hak galian/hak mineral
hak gahian/hak mineral hak harta benda hak harta benda milik komuniii hak keluaran khas hak kontrak hak laluan awam hak manusia hak membeli terdahulu hak mihik bayaran mudah hak milik bebas hak mihik mutlak hak milik sementara hak pembinaan hak pengambilgunaan hak pengambilgunaan air Hak Pengeluaran Khas (HPK) hak permukaan hak permukaan atas hak rumah tani
halangan persaingan
— —
— — — -
— — — — — — — —
— —
mineral rights property rights community property rights special drawing right contract right public right of way human rights pre-emption rights
hak undang-undang hakisan hakisan angin hakisan kimia hakisan melebar hakisan percikan hujan hakisan sungai hakisan tanih halaju halaju purata halaju pusingan halaju pusingan wang
fee-simple title freehold absolute title qualified title building rights appropriation rights appropriative water right Special Drawing Rights (SDR)
halaju wang halaju wang pendapatan halangan institusi halangan masukan halangan penyerapan halangan perdagangan bukan tarif halangan persaingan
surface rights above surface rights homestead rights 479
-
legal right erosion wind erosion chemical erosion lateral erosion rain splash erosion river erosion soil erosion velocity average velocity velocity of circulation velocity of circulation of money velocity of money income velocity of money institutional obstacle entry barrier absorbing barrier non-tariff trade barrier
-
barrier of competition
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
hainpir pegun
hampir pegun hampiran hancuran kredit hanyutan upah harga asas harga bayangan harga beli balik harga berdaftar harga berdaftar minyak mentah harga bermusim harga bersaingan harga bersama harga bersih harga biasa harga bida sewa harga bumbung harga dibayar harga d~jangka harga di ladang harga diskriminasi
harga monopoli
— — — — — — -
— — — — — — — — — -
almost stationary proximity credit crunch wage drift base price shadow price buy-back price posted price posted price of crude
harga diterima harga dunia harga faktor harga firma pariti/harga firma kesetaraan harga input harga jualan harga keluaran harga keseimbangan harga komoditi berkait harga komoditi ladang harga kos harga laclang harga lantai harga lembu daging harga logam asas harga luak harga malar harga minyak mentah selengan
seasonal price competitive price common price net price customary price rent-bid price ceiling price prices paid anticipated price farm gate price discrimination price
harga monopoli 480
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
—
price received world price factor price parity firm price input price sales price product price equilibrium price price of related commodity farm commodity price cost price farm price floor price beef cattle price base metal price mark-down price constant price arm’s-length crude price monopoly price
harga mutlak
harga mutlak harga nominal harga normal harga pariti/harga kesetaraan harga pasaran harga patut harga penawaran industri jangka panjang harga penebusan harga penjelasan pasaran harga perakaunan harga perdagangan harga permintaan harga permintaan sut harga pertanian (keluaran) harga rt!jukan minyak harga runcit ladang harga semasa harga senarai harga sesual
harmoni spontan
— — — —
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
absolute price nominal price normal price parity price market price fair price long run industry supply price call price market clearing price accounting price trade price demand price marginal demand price agricultural price oil reference price farm retail price current price list price convenient price
harga tanah
—
land price
harga tanah perdagangan
—
commercial land price
harga tawaran
—
offer price
harga tempahan
—
reservation price
harga tenaga
—
energy price
harga terhad harga terjamin
—
limited price guaranteed price
harga terserah
—
delivered price
harga tertadbir
—
administered price
harga tertaksir
-
imputed price
harga terunding harga tetap harga tiba harga tokok harga usaha buruh harga wang han imbangan han pengguna han penyelesaian harmoni spontan 481
—
— — — — — — — — -
negotiated price fixed price landed price mark-up price effort price of labour money price balance day users day account day spontaneous harmony
harta benda; sifat
hasil pembelahan nuldear
harta benda; sifat
-
property
harta benda bersebelahan
—
adjacent property
hasil bersih sut hasil cukai
—
common property
hasil dalam negeri
—
tax revenue internal revenue
hasil darab
—
product
harta benda milik bersama/harta benda milik umum harta benda pegangan pajakan harta benda persendirian harta benda perseorangan ketara harta pusaka; estet; ladang
—
-
-
personal property/private property tangible personal property
harta tanah
—
estate real estate
hanta tanah
—
realty
hasil hasH bahagi hasil bahagi Janus hasil bahagi letakan hasil bensih purata hash bensih purata maksimum
—
— — — — — —
hasil darab dalam hasil danab Cartes
leasehold estate
482
—
marginal net revenue
—
inner product Cartesian product
hasil darab luar
—
outer product
hasil danab silang
—
cross product
hasil darab skalar
—
scalar product
hasil darab tensor
—
tensors product
hasil diramal hasil fermentasi hasil jualan hasil kaji selidik hasil kasar hasil keluaran hasil kenajaan hasil minyak hasil minyak kerajaan basil pembelahan nuklear
revenue quotient Janus quotient location quotient average net revenue maximum average net revenue
—
—
— — — — — — — — —
predicted yield fermentation product sales revenue survey result gross yield product yield government revenue oil revenue government oil revenue nuclear fission product
hasil pembelahan radioaktif
hasil pembelahan radioaktif hasil pentadbiran hasil perbandaran hasil perindustrian basil purata/jumlah basil purata
herotan harga
—
radioactive fission product
—
administrative revenue
— —
municipal revenue industrial revenue
hasil sama
—
average revenue/average total revenue iso-revenue
hasil sut
—
marginal revenue
hasil tarnbah algebra
—
algebraic sum
—
corrected sum
—
sum of squares
—
residual sum of squares
hasil tarnbah dipenbetul hasil tambah ganda dua hasil tambah ganda dua baki hash tambah ganda dua diperbetul
—
—
basil tambah separa/hasil tambah sebahagian hasil tanah hasil tanaman hasil tarif hasil terjamin basil tertunda hasil timum hawar bakteria hayat aset hayat ekonomi hayat fizikal hayat jentera hayat kelengkapan modal hayat purata heretan fiskal hermitian herotan herotan fiskal herotan guna sumber herotan harga
corrected sum of square
basil tambah kasar
—
gross sum
hasil tambah kos utama
—
prime cost sum
hasil tambah ralat
—
sum of the error
hash tambah sampel
—
sample sum 483
—
partial sum
—
land revenue crop yield tariff revenue sustained yield deferred revenue general revenue bacterial blight life of asset economic life physical life life of machinery life of capital equipment average life fiscal drag hermitian distortion fiscal distortion distortion in resource use
—
price distortion
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
herotan kemahuan
herotan kemahuan heterogen heterosfera heteroskedastisiti hiasan luar hidrat hidrauhik hidrograf banjir hidrograf unit hidrokarbon hidrokarbon naftalena hidrokarbon pepejal hidup/hayat hidupan liar hierarki hierarki berterusan hierarki Christahler hierarki penempatan hierarki tak selanjar himpitan harga hiperbola
hipotesis pendapatan relatif
— — — — —
— — — — —
distortion of wants heterogeneous heterosphere heteroscedasticity window dressing hydrate hydraulic flood hydrograph unit hydrograph hydrocarbon naphthalene hydrocarbon solid hydrocarbon life wildlife hierarchy continuous hierarchy Chnistaller’s hierarcy hierarchy of settlement discontinuous hierarchy price squeeze hyperbola
hiperbola segi empat bujur tepat hiperpermukaan hiperruang hipersatah hipersatah berpisah hipersfera hipotesis hipotesis alternatif hipotesis ambang hipotesis boleh kendali hipotesis boleh terima hipotesis ekonomi hipotesis kitaran hidup hipotesis komposit hipotesis linear am hipotesis mudah hipotesis naif hipotesis nol hipotesis pendapatan relatif 484
-
— — — — — —
— — — — — -
— — — —
rectangular hyperbola hypersurface hyperspace hyperplane separating hyperplane hypersphere hypothesis alternative hypothesis threshold hypothesis operational hypothesis admissible hypothesis economy hypothesis life-cycle hypothesis composite hypothesis general linear hypothesis simple hypothesis naive hypothesis null hypothesis relative income hypothesis
hipotesis pendapatan tetap
hipotesis pendapatan tetap hipotesis persaingan monopoli hipotesis pertumbuhan terimbang
hukum komutatif
—
-
—
permanent income hypothesis competition-monopoly hypothesis balanced growth hypothesis
hipotesis nantaian
—
linkage hypothesis
hipotesis statistik
—
statistical hypothesis
hipotesis terkekal
—
maintained hypothesis
hipotesis Bernoulli histogram histogram frekuensi/ histogram kekerapan homogen homosfera homoskedastisiti hormon remaja hubungan bukan perdagangan hubungan buruh hubungan makroekonomi
— — —
— — — — —
— —
huhungan masyarakat hubungan pusat-pinggir hubungan tuan tanahpenyewa hujah deduktif hujah industri muda hujan pengagihan hujan tahunan ht~jantahunan mm hujung taburan hukum; undang-undang hukum algebra Hukum Bayes hukum daya pengeluaran sut berkurangan hukum ekonomi hukum Engle hukum idempoten hukum keserupaan hukum kombinasi hukum komutatif
Bernoulli’s hypothesis histogram frequency histogram homogeneous homosphere homoscedasticity juvenile hormone non-traded tie labour relation macroeconomic relation 485
— — —
— —
— — -
—
— — — — — —
societal relation centre-periphery relation landlord-tenant relation deductive argument infant industry argument distributional argument annual rainfall mean annual rainfall tail of distribution law algebrail law Bayes’s Law law of diminishing marginal productivity economic law Engle’s law idempotent law law of similarity combination law commutative law
hukum kos bertanibahan hukum kos bertambahan hukum nombor besar lemah hukum Okunis hukum Pareto hukum pembatalan hukum penawaran hukum penggantian berkurangan hukum penyerapan hukum perdagangan saksama hukum penkadanan berubah hukum permintaan hukum probabihiti/kebarangkalian berdaya tambah hukum pulangan berkunangan hukum pulangan hertambahan
hutan hujan law of increasing cost weak law of large number
hukum pulangan malar hukum pulangan malar jkut skel
—
Okuris law Pareto’s law cancellation law law of supply law of diminishing substitution absorption law fair trade law
—
law of variable proportion
hukum pulangan sut-sama hukum reputan radioaktif hukum satu harga hukum Say hukum upah minimum hukum utiliti sut berkunangan hukum Wagner hutan bakau hutan bakau pinggir laut hutan bukit hutan campuran hutan dara hutan daun luruh hutan dun hutan gunung hutan hasil terjamin hutan hujan
— —
— — — — -
-
— —
law of demand additive law of propability
—
law of diminishing returns
—
law of increasing returns
486
— —
— — — — -
— — — — — —
— — — —
law of constant returns law of constant returns to scale law of equimarginal returns law of radioactive decay law of one price Say’s law law of minimum wage law of diminishing marginal utility Wagner law mangrove forest coastal mangrove hill forest mixed forest virgin forest deciduous forest thorn forest mountain forest sustained yield forest rain forest
hutan hujan khatulistiwa
hutan hujan khatulistiwa hutan hujan tropika hutan hujan tropika malar h~jau hutan jarang tropika hutan kayu jati hutan malar hijau hutan monsun hutan pamah hutan paya gambut hutan separa luruh tropika hutan simpan hutan terkawal sepenuhnya hutan tropika hutang hutang awam
hutang terapung
— — —
— —
— — — — — —
— —
equatorial rain forest tropical rain forest evergreen tropical rain forest light tropical forest teak forest evergreen forest monsoon forest lowland forest peat swamp forest tropical semideciduous forest forest reserve fully regulated forest
hutang berbunga hutang bercagar hutang berdana hutang gadai janji ladang hutang kerajaan hutang kerajaan dalam negeri hutang lapuk hutang luar hutang luarjangka hutang luar negeri hutang luput hutang peperangan
tropical forest debt civil debt
hutang peribadi hutang ragu hutang terapung
487
— — — — —
— — — — — — —
interest-bearing debt secured debt funded debt farm mortgage debt government debt internal public debt bad debt outside debt contingent debt external debt deadweight debt war debt personal debt doubtful debt floating debt
ibu kota
imbangan aktif
I ibu kota ibu kota jajahan identiti identiti bendaya tambah iden titi perakaunan identiti untung ideologi kebangsaan ideologi komunis ikan air tawar ikan kacukan ikan Iantera ikan pelagik iklan iklan luan bandar ikhim panas ikrar imbangan akaun modal imbangan akaun semasa imbangan alam
-
capital city provincial capital identity additive identity accounting identity profit identity national ideology communist ideology freshwater fish hybrid fish lantern fish pelagic fish advertisement rural advertisement warm climate pledge
—
capital account balance
— — — — — — — — — — —
— —
imbangan imbangan imbangan imbangan imbangan imbangan imbangan
bahan balas bangsa dagangan dinamik negatif niaga aktif
imbangan pasif imbangan pelancong imbangan pembayaran imbangan pembayaran antarabangsa imbangan pembayaran defisit imbangan perdagangan imbangan perdagangan pasif imbangan perdagangan positif/imbangan perdagangan memuaskan imbangan aktif
current-account balance balance of nature 488
—
material balance counter balance racial balance merchandise balance dynamic balance adverse balance active balance of trade
—
passive balance
— — — — — —
— —
—
—
tourist balance balance of payment balance of international payment deficit balance of payment
—
balance of trade passive balance of trade
—
favourable balance of trade
—
active balance
—
imbangan positif/hnbangan memuaskan
imbangan positif/ imbangan memuaskan imbangan sinaran bumi imbangan Westphal imbangan wilayah imbangan; baki imbuh imbuhan aliran rendah imej imej nilai imigrasi impenialisme imperialisme ekonomi implikasi ekonomi implikasi politik/perkaitan politik import import daging import pertanian import sumber import-eksport
—
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
indeks basil tanaman
favourable balance
imputasi keluaran indeks indeks agregat berwajaran indeks agregat mudah indeks bermusim indeks bermusim khusus/ indeks bermusim spesifik
radiation balance of earth Westphal balance regional balance balance augment low-flow augmentation image value image immigration imperialism economic imperialism economic implication political implication
indeks bermusim lazim indeks daya pengeluaran indeks daya pengeluaran anitmetik indeks daya pengeluaran geometni indeks harga indeks harga borong indeks harga pariti/indeks hanga kesetaraan
import meat import agricultural import resource import import-export
indeks indeks indeks indeks 489
harga pengguna harga runcit harga umum hasil tanaman
— — — — —
—
-
— — —
— — — -
product imputation index weighted aggregate index simple agregate index seasonal index specific seasonal index typical seasonal index productivity index arithmetic productivity index geometric productivity index price index wholesale price index parity price index consumer price index retail price index general price index crop yield index
industri berorientasi eksport
indeks ideal Fisher indeks ideal Fisher indeks keagregatan indeks kekurangan indeks kepadatan indeks ketakiaziman indeks kos indeks kos sara hidup indeks kuantiti indeks Laspeyres indeks luas tanaman indeks nilai indeks Paasche indeks pelbagaian indeks pematuhan Hirschman indeks pengeliiaran indeks pengeluaran industni indeks rantaian berwajaran tak seimbang indeks sementara
— — — — — — — — — — —
-
-
-
—
Fisher’s ideal index aggregative index scarcity index density index irregularity index cost index cost of living index quantity index Laspeyres index crop acres index value index Paasche index diversity index Hinschman compliance index
indeks unggul inden terbuka individualisme industri industri arang batu industri asal industri banci industri bebas industri berasaskan gas industni berasaskan pertanian industri benat industri berdasarkan minyak industri berkait industni benkaitan
production index production industrial index linkage-weighted index of imbalance
industri bermusim industni beroligopoli industri berorientasi eksport
transitory index 490
—
ideal index open indent individualism industry coal industry
—
industry of origin
— — — —
—
census industry footloose industry gas-based industry agro-based industry
—
heavy industry
—
oil-based industry
— —
— —
— — —
allied industry associate industry/ related industry seasonal industry oligopohistic industry export oriented industry
industri berorientasikan bahan
industni beronientasikan bahan industni bersaingan
—
—
industni bersama
—
industri di rumah
—
industri dimiliknegarakan industni eksport industri ekspont dan duahisme industri ekstraktif industri gahian/industri mineral industni gas industni kecil industni keluaran gipsum industri keluaran hutan industni kimia indu~trikimia berasaskan gas industri kos berkurangan
industri penting
material oriented industry
industri kos bertambahan industni kotej industni logam
competitive industry joint industry
industri luar bandar
—
increasing-cost industry
-
cottage industry
—
metal industry rural industry
-
energy-producing industry
—
gas-consuming industry
-
energy-using industry
-
—
home industry/house industry nationalized industry
industri mengeluarkan tenaga industri mengguna gas
—
export industry
—
export industry and dualism
industri menggunakan tenaga industri menyakat
—
nuisance industry
—
extractive industry
industni minyak
—
oil industry
mineral industry
industri monogram industni muda
—
—
gas industry atomistic industry gypsum product industry forest product industry chemical industry gas-based chemical industry
—
decreasing cost industry
— — — —
industni pembalakan industri pembinaan industni pembuatan/ industni perkilangan industri pemprosesan makanan industni penting 491
—
monogram industry infant industry
-
lumbering industry
-
construction industry
-
manufacturing industry
—
food processing industry
—
key industry
—
industri perikanan
industri perikanan industni peringkat kedua industni peringkat ketiga/ industni perkhidmatan industri peringkat pertama; industri utama industri perintis industni perkhidmatan industni perlombongan industni persaingan sempurna industri pertanian industni petroleum industri ringan industri rumah haba industri sadur timah industni tekstil industni tempatan industri tenaga industri tenusu industni terkemuka
infrastruktur ama
— —
—
— — — —
— — — — — —
fishing industry secondary industry tertiary industry
inferens inferens Bayes/penaabiran Bayes inflasi inflasi harga inflasi ikut sektor
primary industry pioneer industry service industry mining industry perfectly competitive industry
inflasi melampau
agricultural industry petroleum industry light industry hothouse industry tin plating industry textile industry local industry energy industry dairy industry leading industry
inflasi inflasi inflasi inflasi inflasi
merayap pendapatan permintaan sesak tanikan permintaan
inflasi inflasi inflasi inflasi
terbuka tersembunyi tertekan tokok
inflasi tolakan kos inflasi upah infrastruktur infrastruktur asas 492
— —
inference Bayesian inference
—
inflation price inflation
—
sectoral inflation
—
-
-
— — — — — — — — — — —
hyperinflation/runaway inflation creeping inflation income inflation demand inflation bottleneck inflation demand-pull inflation open inflation hidden inflation repressed inflation mark-up inflation cost-push inflation wage inflation jnfrastructure basic infrastructure
input
maidens mutlak
input
-
input bahan
—
input material input
in put warganegara input-output
—
multiple input
-
productive input
insentif/galakan insentif cukai/galakan cukai insentif harga/galakan harga insentifjualan/galakan jualan
input berbagai-bagai input berdaya keluaran input bersama
—
input berubah
—
joint input variable input
input buruh
—
labour input
input dan output berbilang titik
—
multipoint input and output
input dan output titik
-
point input and output
input harta benda
—
property input
input kategori
—
category input
—
cumulative input
input kumulatif input pelengkap input pemboleh ubah tunggal input input input input
pengganti penyewa tak boleh bahagi tetap
—
— -
insentif kerja/galakan kenja insentif wilayah/galakan wilayah insidens insidens insidens insidens insidens insidens insidens insidens
complementary input single variable input substitute input tenant input indivisible input fixed input 493
— -
—
incentive tax incentive
—
price incentive
—
sales incentive
—
work incentive
—
regional incentive
—
—
berkanun cukai cukai jualan fiskal kebezaan khusus mutlak
citizen input input-output
— — — — — — —
incidence statutory incidence tax incidence sales tax incidence fiscal incidence differential incidence specific incidence absolute incidence
maidens pencukaian insidens pencukaian iflstitusi awam institusi kewangan institusi kewangan bukan bank institusi knedit institusi pemberian pinjaman institusi pertanian institut cukai institut pasar raya institut perancangan bandar insurans insurans banjir insurans bekal hidup insurans bersama insurans ganti rugi kemalangan pekerja
integrasi cukai pendapatan
— — — —
— —
— — — —
— — — —
incidence of taxation public institution financial institution non-bank financial institution credit institution lending institution agricultural institution tax institute supermarket institute town planning institute
insurans tanaman persekutuan
insurance flood insurance endowment insurance co-insurance
insurans hak
—
workmen’s accident compensation insurance title insurance
insurans hospital
—
hospital insurance
—
insurans hujan batu insurans kebakaran insurans kemalangan insurans kesihatan insurans liabihiti insurans negara insurans nyawa insurans pengangguran insurans penkongsian insurans sementara insurans sosial insunans tanaman
insurans wajib ganti rugi kemalangan pekerja integrasi; pengamilan integrasi berhierarki integrasi cukai integrasi cukai pendapatan 494
—
hail insurance fire insurance accident insurance health insurance liability insurance national insurance life insurance unen~iploymentinsurance partnership insurance temporary insurance social insurance crop insurance
—
federal crop insurance
— — — — — — — — — — —
—
— — — —
compulsory workmen’s compensation accident insurance integration hierarchical integration tax integration integration of income tax
integrasi cukai syarikat
integrasi cukai syanikat integrasi ekonomi integrasi hadapan integrasi hampir integrasi ke belakang integrasi konglomerat integrasi mendatar integrasi menegak integrasi pengeluarpenapis integrasi sektor integrasi syanikat intensif buruh intensif modal internalisasi; penjiwaan interpolasi interpolasi linear inti sari intrabarangan intraindustri intraladang
isoklin
— —
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — —
corporation tax integration economic integration
in tnaskel inventori inventori barang niaga/ inventori dagangan inventoni berbanding inventori hadang inventori optimum inventoni pelbagai keluaran
forward integration approximate integration backward integration conglomerate integration horizontal integration vertical integration producer-refiner integration
inventori penutup inven tori tanaman iodin ion isi rumah isi rumah bandar isi numah luar bandar isi rumah pendapatan rendah
sectoral integration company integration labour intensive capital intensive internalization interpolation linear interpolation abridgement intracommodity mntra-industry intra-farm
isi rumah wakilan isodapen isokhin 495
—
intrascale inventory merchandise inventory
—
comparative inventory
— —
— — -
— — — — -
— — —
farm inventory optimum inventory multiproduct inventory closing inventory crop inventory iodine ion household urban household rural household low-income household representative household isodapanes isochine
isokuan
isokuan isokuan pengeluaran isometri isomorfan isopren isotem isotop isteri bekerja
isyarat pengesanan
-
isoquant production isoquant isometry isomorphism isoprene isotem isotope
—
working wife
— — — —
isu ekuiti isu konsep isyarat amaran awal jarak jauh isyarat jalan isyarat lalu hintas isyarat pengesanan
496
— —
— — —
equity issue conceptual issue distant-early-warning signal road sign traffic sign tracking signal
jabatan perbendaharaan
jajaranjaJan raya
J jabatan penbendaharaan jabatan perkhidmatan jadual jadual digit rambang jadual eksponen jadual frekuensi/jadual kekerapan jadual hayat jadual hayat ningkas jadual induk jadual input-output jadual isi padu jadual keluaran jadual keputusan jadual kontingen kompleks jadual kontingensi jadual kontingensi bertertib jadual korelasi
-
treasury department service department table random digit table table of exponential
—
frequency table
— — — -
—
life table abridge life table master schedule input-output table volume table
-
yield table
— — — —
— -
jadual kos jadual kumulatif jadual masukan jadual nilai bon jadual pelaburan jadual pengeluaran jadual pengumpulan jadual permintaan jadual ramalan jadual simpleks/tablau simpleks jadualtabungan jadual untung jadual urus niaga antara industri jagaan bank
decision table complex contingency table
jagaan perubatan jajahan jajan jajaran jalan jajaran jahan raya
contingency table —.
—
ordered contingency table correlation table 497
—
cost schedule
—
cumulative table
—
entry table
—
bond value table investment schedule production table accumulation schedule demand schedule forecast schedule
-
simplex tableau
— — -
-
— — — —
saving schedule profit table interindustry transaction table bank custody medicare province align street alignment road alignment
jalan
jam keluar (pejabat)
jalan
—
roadway/street
jalan luar bandar
—
rural road
jalan/jalan raya
—
road
jalan luncur
—
skid road
jalan air pedalaman
—
inland waterways least-cost route
jalan melepas cukai
-
tax loophole
jalan penghantar
—
feeder road
jalan persendirian
—
private road
jalan arah kos terkecil jalan banang
—
jalan bawah tanah
—
trunk road subway
jalan berjejari
-
radial road
jalan raya dalam jalan raya tinggi
jalan berturap
-
metalled road/paved road
jalan raya utama
—
rubbenised road
—
main road
jalan kecil
—
minor road
jalan kelihing
—
jalan berturap getah jalan besar/jalan utama
jalan kehiling dalam jalan kehihing luar jalan keliling tengah jalan kereta api bawah tanah jalan laluan jalan langsung
—
—
—
— —
— —
jalan naya (lapangan terbang) jalan saraf kecil
ring road inner ring road/ external ring road
jalan sehala jalan susur
— —
—
inner road elevated road arterial road/main trunk road
—
taxiway (airport)
—
sub-arterial road
—
one-way traffic service road
outer ring road
jalan terkelas
—
classified roads
intermediate ring road underground railway
jalan tuju
—
approach road
jalan tunap jalan utama jalur pengembangan jam keluar (pejabat)
access road through road 498
—
— —
— —
metal road major road/trunk line expansion strip clock-out
jam keija langsung
jam kenja langsung jam manusia jam masuk (pejabat)
jawatankuasa penyelarasan
—
directjob hours
jangkaan mudah suai
—
adaptive expectation
—
man-hour
jangkaan rasional
—
rational expectation
jangkaan terlelar janjang anitmetik
—
interated expectation
jambatan atas
—
clock-in over bridge
jambatan gantung
-
suspension bridge
janjang berharmoni
jambatan tol
—
toll bridge
jaminan bank
—
bank guarantee
jaminan
—
guarantee
jammnan kredit eksport
—
export credit guarantee
jarak antara sampel jarak kelas jarak pekerjaan jarak sama
jaminan masa tua
—
old age benefits
jangka masa pasaran jangka panjang jangka pendek jangkaan jangkaan asimptot jangkaan bernilai tunggal jangkaan harga jangkaan hayat jangkaan hidup jangkaan matematik
—
— — — — — — — — — —
jatuhan radioaktif jatu~ianzarah tempatan jawatankuasa bersama jawatankuasa ekonomi bersama jawatankuasa kawal setia jawatankuasa mengenai cam dan matlamat jawatankuasa pembangunan jawatankuasa penasihat jawatankuasa penyelarasan
market run long-run/long-term short run expectation asymptotic expectation single-valued expectation price expectation life expectancy life expectation mathematical expectation 499
—
— — — — — —
— —
—
— —
arithmetic progression harmonic progression distance between sample class length occupational distance equidistant radioactive fallout local fallout joint committee joint economic committee regulatory committee committee on ways and means development committee advisory committee coordination committee
jawatankuasa perancangan
jawatankuasa perancangan jawatankuasa perancangan bersama Jawatankuasa Perniagaan Kecil jebak jebak minyak jebak pasaran jeda kelas jeda kelas mod jeda kelas sama jeda kelas tak sama jeda kelas terbuka jeda keyakinan jeda keyakinan memusat jeda keyakinan terpendek secara asimptot jeda kumpulan jeda penelahan jeda ramalan jeda separuh terbuka
jentera perancangan
— —
—
—
— — — — — — — — — —
— — -
planning committee joint planning committee
jeda toleransi jejambat jejari buhatan jejani terusan jejantas jelasan bank jelmaan Laplace jelmaan Laplace songsang jenama jenama pembungkus jengkal linear jenis gunaan tanah jenis hipotesis jenis hutan jenis perladangan kawasan jenis tanaman berdaya tahan jenis tender jentera diesel jentera pentadbiran jentera perancangan
Committee on Small Business glut oil glut market glut class interval modal class interval equal class interval unequal class interval open class interval confidence interval central confidence interval asymptotically shortest confidence interval group interval prediction interval forecast interval halfopen interval 500
— — — — — — — —
— — —
— —
—
— — — —
tolerance interval flyover radius of circle canal rays overhead bridge bank clearance Laplace transform inverse Laplace transform brand/brand names packer’s brand linear span types of land use types of hypothesis forest type type-of-farming area resistant crop variety form of tender diesel engine administrative machinery planning machinery
jujukan mput tak boleb ubah
jentera pertwnbuhan
jentera pertumbuhan jerami jidar jika dan hanyajika jimat cermat jirim zarahan jisim atom jisim udara jober jober saham jongkong jongkong emas jongkong timah jualan jualan antara bidang kuasa jualan antara negeri jualan atas komisen jualan binatang ternakan jualan borong jualan cara kredit jualan gas
— — — —
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
engine of growth straw margin if and only if
jualan kombinasi jualan kredit jualan langsung jualan lelong
austerity/thrift particulate matter atomic mass air mass jobber stock jobber ingot gold bar/gold bullion tin ingot sales interjurisdictional sale interstate sales sales on commission livestock sales wholesaling sales on credit gas sale
jualan loji pembungkus jualan minyak mentah jualan panjang (bursa saham) jualan penutupan jualan perabis jualan pukal jualan runcit daging jualan selepas cuba jualan skel besar jualan tanaman jualan tunai jujukan jujukan berkronologi jujukan input ji~jukaninput tak boleh ubah 501
— — — —
combination sale credit sale direct sale auction sales
-
packer plant sales disposition of crude long sale (stock exchange)
—
foreclosure sale
— -
— — — — — — — — -
clearance sale bulk sale meat retailing sales on approval large-scale sale crop sale cash sale sequence chronological sequence sequence of input invariable input sequence
jujukan pemerhatian/jujukan pencerapan
jujukan pemerhatian/ jujukan pencerapan jujukan jujukan jujukan jujukan
penuaian proses gerak balas rancangan terpangkas
julat; jangka; banjaran julat ambang julat antara sukuan julat bergerak julat berharmoni julat berhubungan julat kelas julat pasaran julat persentil/julat seperseratusan julat sampel julat separuh antara kuartil julat suhu tahunan julat terpangkas
—
— — — —
—. — — — — — — — —
— — —
—
jumlah stok modal
sequence of observation
jumlah (barangan); isi padu (bekas)
sequence of harvest sequence of response process sequency of plans truncated sequence range threshold range interquartile range moving range harmonic range relevant range class range market range percentile range
jumlah aset
range of sample semi-in terquartile range annual range of temperature truncated range
jumlah jumlah jumlah jumlah dua
jumlab keluaran jumlah kos jumlah lebihan masa/ jumlah apungan jumlah lelong jumlah pelaburan jumlah pelajar sekolah jumlah pembezaan jumlah jumlah jumlah jumlah jumlah
502
bergerak guna tenaga basil hasil tambah ganda
penggunaan perdagangan pulangan tetap rantaian stok modal
—
volume
—
total asset
— — —
— — —
— — -
— — — — — —
moving total employment volume total revenue total sum of squares total product total cost total float auction volume total investment school population total differential total consumption volume of trade fixed total returns total linkage total capital stock
—
jumlah terbitan
jumlah terbitan jumlah upah bulanan jumlah variasi jurang jurang deflasi jurang dolar jurang dual jurang guna tenaga jurang kadar hasil songsang jurang kemahiran guna tenaga jurang kos-hasil jurang meluas jurang pembangunan jurang tabungan jurang tabungan pelaburan
—
total derivative total monthly wage total variation gap deflationary gap dollar gap dual-gap employment gap reverse yield gap
—
employment skill gap
— — — — — — -
— — — —
cost-revenue gap widening gap development gap saving gap saving investment gap
503
jurang teknologi jurnal juruanalisis sistem juruaudit jurubank jurujual juruukur kerajaan jurulelong jurunilai jurutaksir juruteknik jurutera fotogrametri jurutera ketua giliran juruwang
—
justum pretium
—
juzuk udara
—
— — — — — — — — — — —
technological gap journal systems analyst auditor banker salesman government surveyor auctioneer appraiser assessor technician photogrammetric engineer shift-charge engineer cashier justum pretium air constituent
kabel/kawat
kadar cukal jualan
K kabel/kawat
—
kabus kabut buatan kabut fotokimia kabut klasik kaca antimoni kaca tembaga kaca uranium kacukan kad kredit kadar aktiviti wilayah kadar aliran kadar angkut hala balik kadar asas kadar bahaya kadar bank kadar barah kadar bayaran berjadual
kadar berkesan kadar berkurang kadar berpenyakitan kadar blok berkurangan kadar buangan kadar bunga; kadar faedah kadar bunga berkesan kadar bunga berkontrak kadar bunga berterusan kadar bunga kompaun/ kadar faedah kompaun kadar bunga nominal; kadar faedah nominal
cable haze artificial smog
-
— —
photochemical smog classical smog antimony glass
—
copper glass uranium glass
-
hybrid
—
— —
— — — — — — —
credit card regional activity rate
kadar bunga sifar kadar bunga utama kadar cukai kadar cukai berkesan kadar cukai estet kadar cukai gaji kadar cukai harta benda kadar cukai jualan
rate of flow backhaul rate base rate hazard rate bank rate cancer rate schedule rate 504
—
effective rate slumping rate morbidity rate declining-block rate discharge rate interest rate effective interest rate contractual interest rate continuous rate of interest compound interest rate
—
nominal interest rate
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
zero intereit rate prime interest rate tax rate effective tax rate estate tax rate payroll tax rate property tax rate sales tax rate
kadar cukai keluaran
kadar cukai keluaran kadar cukai pendapatan kadar cukai purata kadar cukai sut kadar cukai syarikat kadar cukai tersirat kadar cukai untung kadar diskaun kadar diskaun semula kadar diskaun sosial kadar diskaun ujian kadar eksport kadar faedah seragam kadar guna tenaga kadar hasil; basil kadar hasil asas kadar hasil boleh kekal maksimum kadar hasil maksimum kadar henti kerja kadar import
kadar keseluruban
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
kadar jangka pendek
product tax rate income tax rate average tax rate marginal tax rate corporation tax rate implicit tax rate profit tax rate discount rate rediscount rate social discount rate test discount rate export rate uniform interest rate employment rate yield basic yield maximum sustainable yield maximum yield layoff rate import rate
kadar jenayah kadar jumlah kesuburan kadar keciciran kadar keciciran sekolah kadar kekerapan kemalangan kadar kelahiran kadar kelahiran kasar kadar kemasukan kadar kematian kadar kematian bayi kadar kematian kasar kadar kematian neonatal kadar kematian umurkhusus kadar kemerosotan padang rumput ternakan kadar keseluruhan 505
— — — — —
— — — —
-
—
— —
—
—
short rate crime rate total fertility rate dropout rate school dropout rate accident frequency rate birth rate crude birth rate accession rate death rate/fatality rate! mortality rate infant death rate/ infant mortality rate crude death rate neo-natal mortality rate age-specific mortality rate rate of pasture deterioration all-in rate
kadar kesuburan
kadar kesuburan kadar kesuburan manusia kadar kesuburan umum kadar kesuburan umurkhusus kadar kesusutan kadar keterjadian kadar ketibaan kadar ketibaan keadaan bersandar kadar keutarnaan masa sosial
kadar pengeluaran
— — — —
— — — —
—
fertility rate human fertility general fertility rate age-specific fertility rate
kadar lelap kadar lelap adiabatik lembap kadar maksimum kadar masa kadar menurun kadar nilai lebihan kadar pelaburan semula kadar pemberian pinjaman
depletion rate rate of occurrence arrival rate state-dependent arrival rate
kadar pembiakan kadar pembiakan bersih kadar pembiakan kasar kadar peminjaman kerajaan
social rate of time preference
kadar keutamaan masa sut
—
kadar khusus kadar kombinasi
specific rate combination rate
kadar pemodalan
—
kadar kupon
—
coupon rate
kadar laba
—
rate of gains
kadar penakatan kadar penemuan kadar pengekstrakan optimum
kadar layanan kadar layanan keadaan bersandar
—
— —
marginal rate of time preference
service rate state-dependent service rate
kadar pengeluaran 506
—
— — — — — —
— — — —
—
—
lapse rate moist adiabatic lapse rate maximum rate time rate decline rate rate of surplus value reinvestment rate lending rate reproduction rate net reproduction rate gross reproduction rate government borrowing rate capitalization rate/ rate of capitalization survival rate
—
discovery rate optimal rate of extraction
—
rate of production
—
kadar pengeluaran padang rumput ternakan
kadar pengeluaran padang rumput ternakan kadar pengeluaran ternakan
—
rate of pasture production
—
rate of livestock production
-
substitution rate
kadar penggantian sosial sut kadar penggantian sut kadar penggantian teknik kadar penggantian teknik sut kadar penggunaan makanan haiwan kadar penghimpunan kadar penghunian
—
— — —
—
— —
kadar penting’
—
vital rate
kadar penting kasar
-
crude vital rate
—
age-specific vital rate
-
warranted note of growth
-
evaporation rate of water
kadar penyelenggaraan ternakan
kadar penggantian
-
stocking rate
rate of commodity substitution
replacement rate
kadar penggantian komoditi/kadar penggantian barangan
—
diminishing rate of substitution
—
-
kadar penstokan
kadar pen ting umurkhusus kadar pertumbuhan terjamin kadar penyejatan air
kadar penggantian kadar penggantian berkurangan
kadar pertukaran asing
marginal social rate of substitution marginal rate of substitution rate of technical substitution marginal rate of technical substitution rate of feed consumption rate of stocking occupancy rate 507
—
rate of livestock maintenance
kadar penyerapan
—
infiltration rate
kadar penyertaan
-
participation rate
kadar penyertaan buruh
—
labour participation rare
—
effective rate of protection
kadar perlindungan berkesan kadar pertambahan intrinsik kadar pertukaran
—
intrinsic rate of increase
—
rate of change
kadar pertukaran
—
exchange rate
kadar pertukaran asing
—
foreign exchange rate
kadar pertukaran bebas
kadar pertukaran bebas kadar pertukaran boleh ubah kadar pertukaran ke hadapan kadar pertukaran perapungan t~rurus kadar pertukaran rasmi
kadar syarat perdagangan barangan
—
free exchange rate flexible exchange rate
—
forward exchange rate
—
—
—
kadar pertukaran terapung kadar pertukaran tersirat kadar pertukaran tetap kadar pertumbuhan kadar pertumbuhan sebenar kadar pertumbuhan semula jadi kadar pinjaman kadar progresif kadar pulangan atas kos kadar pulangan balas kadar pulangan dalaman
—
— — —
-
— — — — —
kadar pulangan kritis
—
critical rate of return
kadar pulangan melepas
—
opportunity rate of returns
kadar pulangan modal
—
capital rate of return
—
development rate of return
kadar purata
—
average rate
kadar pusing ganti buruh
—
labour turnover rate
kadar rasuah
—
rate of corruption
kadar roboh
—
rate of demolition
kadar pulangan pembangunan
managed floating exchange rate official rate of exchange floating exchange rate implicit exchange rate fixed exchange rate growth rate actual rate of growth
kadar sama rata kadar semula jadi kadar silang kadar susut nilai kadar sut kadar syarat perdagangan kadar syarat perdagangan antarabangsa kadar syarat perdagangan barangan/kadar syarat perdagangan komoditi
natural rate of growth borrowing rate progressive rate rate-of-return-over-cost cross-rate of return internal rate of return 508
—
flat rate natural rate
—
cross rate
—
— — — —
-
depreciation rate marginal rate terms of trade international terms of trade commodity terms of trade
kadar syarat perdagangan barter
kadar syarat perdagangan — barter/kadar syarat perdagangan tukar barang
barter terms of trade
kadar syarat perdagangan barter bersih/kadar syarat perdagangan tukar barang bersih
net barter terms of trade
kadar syarat perdagangan barter kasar/kadar syarat perdagangan tukar barang kasar kadar syarat perdagangan dalam negeri kadar syarat perdagangan faktorial tunggal kadar syarat perdagangan pendapatan kadar tabungan kadar tak hadir kadar tambang kadar tambang muatan segerabak
—
—
kadar tangki kadar tarif kadar terapung kadar tetap kadar transformasi keluaran kadar transformasi sut
gross barter terms of trade
kadar ttikaran adiabatik tepu —
—
—
single factorial terms of trade income terms of trade
—
saving rate absentee rate freight rate
—
carload rate
— —
kadar tukaran berbilang kadar untung kadar untung normal kadar upah kadar upah institusi kadar upah minimum kadar upah pertanian kadar upah piawai kadar upah wang kadar utama kadaran
domestic terms of trade
509
— — -
-
—
— — — — — — — — — —
tanker rate tariff rate floating rate fixed rate rate of product transformation marginal rate of transformation saturated adiabatic lapse rate multiple exchange rate profit rate normal rate of profit wage rate institutional wage rate minimum wage rate agricultural wage rate standard wage rate money-wage rate prime rate rating
kadaran peralihan
kadaran peralihan kadaster kaedah agregat berwajaran kaedah agregat mudah kaedah aksiomatik kaedah analisis faktor kaedah arah aliran peratusan kaedah Balassa kaedah bangunan kaedah batu loncatan kaedah bentuk terturun kaedah berangka kaedah berbilang langkah kaedah berjujukan kaedah bezaan pemboleh ubah kaedah binaan susun cantum kaedah deduktif kaedah Delphi
kaedah keanjalan pendapatan
—
— —
— — —
— — — — — —
-
— —
transition proportion cadastre
kaedah dua-fasa
-
two-phase method
kaedah ekonometrik
—
econometric method
weighted aggregate method simple aggregate method
kaedah ekonomi kaedah elektrolisis air kaedah ganda dua terkecil berwajaran kaedah ganda dua terkecil tak langsung kaedah ganda dua terkecil teram kaedah ganda dua terkecil terbatas kaedah graf kaedah gugusan kaedah hampir kaedah harga tetap kaedah basil minimum
industrialized building method
kaedah intensif modal
—
economic method water electrolysis method weighted least-squares method indirect least-squares method (ILS) generalized least squares method restricted least squares method graphical method cluster method approximate method fixprice method minimum yield method capital intensive method
kaedah invois
—
invoice method
deductive method Delphi method
kaedah keanjalan pendapatan
—
income elasticity method
axiomatic method factor analysis method percentage trend method Balassa’s method building method stepping stone method reduced form method numerical method multi-step method sequential method variate difference method
510
— — —
—
—
—
— — -
kaedah kearuhan
kaedah kearuhan kaedah kendalian lelong kaedah keputusan berbilang objektif kaedah komponen prinsip kaedah komponen utama kaedah kos perjalanan kaedah kos terkecil kaedah kuantitatif kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah kaedah
kuasi Gauss Lagrange laluan kritis leksikografi lelaran M besar makroskop mengaruh momen Monte Carlo
kaedah pemungutan
—
-
-
— — — — -
— -
inductive method auction operating method multiobjective decision method
kaedah nilai kaedah nilai kaedah nilai purata kaedah nilai
method of principle component
dijangka eigen genting
-
tanah
-
expected value method eigen value method average critical value method land-value method
-
ratio-to-trend method
kaedah nisbah-arah aliran
principal component method travel-cost method least-cost method quantitative method quasi Gaussian method Lagrangian method critical path method lexicographic method iterative method big-M method macroscopic method inductive method
kaedah nisbah-purata bergerak kaedah nombor indeks berwajaran kaedah pemandulan serangga kaedah pemangkasan kaedah pemberian pinjaman kaedah pembiayaan kaedah pemboleh ubah alat kaedah pemeriksaan kaedah pemotongan-satah kaedah pemungutan
method of moment Monte Carlo method 511
—
—
—
-
—
ratio-to-moving average method weighted index number method insect sterility method
-
truncation method lending method
—
financing method
—
-
— -
method of instrumental variable inspection method cutting-plane method method of collection
ksedah penentuan harga
kaedah penentuan harga kaedah pengambilan kaedah penganggaran kaedah pengangkutan kaedah pengawalan kaedah pengekodan kaedah penggantian berkata kaedah pengoksidaan mangkin kaedah pengubahan wap kaedah penguraian kaedah penguraian berdaraban kaedah penguraian Dantzig Wolfe kaedah penilaian kaedah penilaian fungsian kaedah penjuru barat laut kaedah penyelidikan
kaedah statistik
-
pricing method acquisition method
—
estimation method
kaedah perakaunan
transportation method method of control coding method periodic replacement method
kaedah peramalan kuantitatif
-
— —
—
catalytic oxidation method
—
steam reforming method
— —
—
— —
—
kaedah penyingkiran mangkin
kaedah perancangan antik kaedah perancangan awam kaedah perkongsian kaedah perlombongan kaedah persamaan serentak kaedah pindah milik estet kaedah relatif penyambung kaedah rig-masa kaedah saintifik kaedah sejarah kaedah simpleks kaedah simpleks tersemak kaedah sistem penganggaran kaedah statistik
decomposition method multiplicative decomposition Dantaig-Wolfe’ decomposition method appraisal method functional evaluation method north-west corner method research method 512
—
catalytic removal method
—
accounting method
—
—
— — — —
quantitative forecasting method antiquated planning method mode of public planning partnership method mining method simultaneous equation method
—
estate transfer method link relative method rig-time method scientific method historical method simplex method revised simplex method system method of estimation
—
statistical method
— — — — —
kaedah statistik Bayes
kaedah statistik Bayes kaedah tahun asas kaedah tahun lazim kaedah tahun tertentu kaedah tak berparameter kaedah tangan kaedah terbitan kaedah titik tetap kaedah Winters berdaya tambah kaitan/korelasi kaji selidik kaji selidik analisis kaji selidik awal kaji selidik berulang kaji selidik biologi kaji selidik geologi kaji selidik geologi-geofizik kaji selidik guna tanah kaji selidik guna tenaga
kaji seidik sosial
— — — —
— — — — —
— — — — — — — —
— —
Bayesian statistical method base year method typical year method given year method
kaji selidik isi rumah
—
household survey
kaji selidik ladang
—
farm survey
kaji selidik lalu lintas kaji selidik letak kereta kaji selidik mana ke mana (lalu lintas)
non-parametric method freehand method method of issue fix point method additive Winters’ method
kaji selidik pelbagai guna kaji selidik pendapat kaji selidik penduduk kaji selidik pergi kerja kaji selidik perumahan kaji selidik rintis
correlation survey analytic survey preliminary survey repeated survey biological survey geological survey geological-geophysical survey land use survey employment survey
kaji selidik rumah ke rumah kaji selidik sampel kaji selidik seni taman/ pemandangan darat kaji selidik sikap kaji selidik sosial 513
—
traffic survey parking survey origin and destination survey (traffic)/survey origin and destination (traffic) multipurpose survey opinion survey population survey journey to work survey housing survey pilot survey
—
house to house survey
— — —
— — — —
— —
— —
sample survey landscape survey attitude survey social survey
kaji selidik sosioekonomi
kaji selidik sosioekonomi kaji selidik sumber kaji selidik tanih kajian bandingan kajian contoh kajian demografI kajian ekonometrik kajian empirik kajian guna tenaga kajian kebolehlaksanaan kajian kematian kajian keratan lintang kajian kes kajian nilai harta benda kajian penerokaan kajian penyakit tertentu kajian seismik kajian semula kajian semula separuh penggal kajian tenaga manusia
kandungan abu
—
socio-economic survey resource survey soil survey comparative study model study demographic study econometric study empirical study employment study feasibility study mortality study cross-sectional study case study property-value study exploratory study disease-specific study seismic study review mid term review
—
manpower study
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
kajian ternakan kajian wilayah kakisan lurah kelajuan penumpuan kaleng aerosol kalis air kalium kalkulus kalkulus kamilan kalkulus kebezaan kalkulus variasi kalori kambus kamilan kamilan tertentu kampung baru kampung contoh kampung sisi jalan kandang makanan perdagangan kandungan abu 514
—
livestock studies regional study corrasion-valley speed of convergence aerosol can water proof potassium calculus integral calculus differential calculus calculus of variation calorie back-filling integral particular integral new village sample village road side village commercial feedlots
—
ash content
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
kandungan air
kandungan air kandungan modal organik kandungan sulfur kantungan eksport kanun bangunan kanun hasil dalam negeri kanun perdagangan seragam kanun profesional/kanun ikhtisas kanun tanah Kanun Tanah Negara kaolin kapal gerudi kapal penghubung kapal pengiring kapal terbang supersonik kaparan pembalakan kapasiti kapasiti aliran
kapasiti perut
— —
water content organic composition of capital
—
sulphur content export enclave building code internal revenue code
—
uniform commercial code
—
professional code
— — —
— — — — — — — — —
kapasiti berdaya scrap kapasiti berlebihan kapasiti kapasiti kapasiti kapasiti fiskal
cukai ekonomi elektrik fiskal/keupayaan
kapasiti haba kapasiti kurang kapasiti mengangkut kapasiti mengguna kapasiti normal kapasiti pembawaan sosial kapasiti pembayaran balik/ keupayaan pembayaran balik
land code National Land Code kaolin drill ship communicating vessel attending lines supersonic aircraft logging debris capacity flow capacity
kapasiti kapasiti kapasiti kapasiti kapasiti 515
penapisan pengumpulan penyimpanan perseorangan perut
— —
— — — —
— — —
— — — —
— — — — —
absorptive capacity overcapacity tax capacity economic capacity electric capacity fiscal capacity heat capacity under capacity carrying capacity use capacity normal capacity social carrying capacity repayment capacity
refining capacity accumulation capacity storage capacity personal capacity stomach capacity
kawalan dalaman
kapasiti sungai
kapasiti sungai kapasiti telaga kapasiti tembaga merah baru kapasiti terbiar kapitalisme kapitalisme laissez-faire kapitalisme pasaran kapitalisme termaju kapur barus kapur lohor karbida karbohidrat karbon karbon diaktifkan karbon dioksida karbon monoksida karbon tetraklorida karbonat kardinal
—
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
kargo udara kargo kartel kartel barangan/ kartel komoditi kartel minyak kasar kategori geran bantuan kaunter layan kaunterfoil kawah (gunung berapi) kawalan kawalan ameniti kawalan aset kawalan automatik kawalan bangunan kawalan banjir kawalan belanjawan kawalan biologi kawalan bukan berstruktur kawalan dalaman
capacity of stream! stream capacity capacity of well new copper capacity idle capacity capitalism laissez-faire capitalism market capitalism advance capitalism camphor quicklime carbide carbohydrate carbon activated carbon carbon dioxide carbon monoxide carbon tetrachloride carbonate cardinal 516
— — — —
— — — — —
— — — — — —
— — —
air cargo cargo cartel commodity cartel oil cartel gross categorial grant-in-aid service counter counterfoil crater control amenity control asset control automatic control building control flood control budgetary control biological control non-structural measure internal control
kawalan guna tanah
kawalan guna tanah kawalan harga kawalan harga timah kawalan homeostatik kawalan iklan kawalan inventori kawalan kepadatan kawalan kesusutan kawalan kos kawalan kotoran asap kenderaan bermotor kawalan kotoran asap kereta kawalan kredit kawalan kredit terpilih kawalan loji penapisan petroleum kawalan monopoli kawalan mutu kawalan pelaburan kawalan pemasaran
kawalan superperbadanan
— — — — — — — —
— —
—
— — —
— —
land-use control price control tin price control homeostatic control advertisement control inventory control density control depletion control
kawalan pembinaan kawalan pencemaran kawalan pencemaran optimum kawalan penduduk kawalan pengambilan kawalan penyebaran kotoran sulfur kawalan perancangan kawalan perbadanan kawalan perindustrian kawalan perosak
cost control automotive emission control autoemission control
kawalan perosak bersepadu kawalan pertukaran kawalan rumpai kawalan sementara kawalan sewa kawalan stok kawalan struktur kawalan subbahagian kawalan superperbadanan
credit control selective credit control petroleum refinery control monopoly control quality control investment control marketing control 517
—
building control pollution control
-
optimal pollution control
-
— —
— — — — — — — —
population control intake control sulphur emission control planning control corporation control industrial control pest control integrated pest control exchange control weed control interim measure rent control stock control structural measure subdivision control supercorporate control
kawasan liar
kawalan tinggi kawalan tinggi kawalan upah-harga kawasan arang batu kawasan arang batu terbenam kawasan bandar kawasan bandar raya dalam kawasan bekerja kawasan berpotensi kawasan bersejarah kawasan bertanaman kawasan berturap kawasan binaan kawasan binaan terpelihara kawasan boleh laksana kawasan desa kawasan diperbandarkan kawasan faedah kawasan genting terbaik kawasan giat kawasan hijau
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
height control wage-price control coalfield concealed coalfield
kawasan hujung
—
tail area
kawasan indah
—
scenic area
kawasan istimewa kawasan jalan kaki kawasan kajian kawasan kediaman
urban area inner city area working area potential area historic site planted land paved area built up area protective build up area feasible region rural area urbanized area benefit region best critical region pressured region green belt
kawasan kemiskinan kawasan keyakinan kawasan khidmat kawasan kritis kawasan kurang maju kawasan kurang membangun kawasan kurang penduduk kawasan lapang kawasan larangan kawasan latihan kawasan liar 518
— — — —
— —
— — — —
— — —
— —
special area pedestrian precinct study area home range/residential area/living area poverty area confidence belt! confidence region serviced area critical region underdeveloped area underdeveloped area sparsely populated region clearing area/open area protected area/restricted area training ground wildcat acreage
kawasan peralihan meningkat
kawasan limpahan
kawasan kawasan kawasan kawasan kawasan
limpahan lindung angin lipur din lombong luar
kawasan luar bandar kawasan masalah luar bandar kawasan mata wang optimum kawasan kawasan kawasan kawasan kawasan kawasan
membangun mendatar mergastua merosot metropolitan mundur
kawasan musnah kawasan negatif kawasan pasaran
— —
— — —
overspill area leeward area
kawasan pedalaman
—
remote area
kawasan pembangunan
—
development area
recreational area mining area outer area
kawasan pembangunan khas
—
special development area
kawasan pembangunan komprehensif kawasan pembangunan semula
—
rural area rural problem area
—
optimum currency area
kawasan pembangunan terpilih
developing area horizontal area game farm degenerated area metropolitan area backward area/depressed area/distressed area/ slum area
kawasan pemuliharaan kawasan penangkapan ikan kawasan penempatan semula kawasan penerimaan
—
— — — — — —
—
devastated area negative area
—
market area
—
kawasan pengairan kawasan pengekalan kawasan penolakan kawasan peralihan meningkat 519
—
—
-
— —
—
comprehensive development area redevelopment area designated development area conservation area fishing ground resettlement area region of acceptance/ acceptance region
-
irrigation area conservation area region of rejection
—
upward transitional area
— —
kawasan perancangan kawasan perancangan kawasan perdagangan kawasan perdagangan bebas kawasan peredaran kawasan perindustrian kawasan perkelahan kawasan perlombongan timah kawasan perniagaan kawasan perumahan kawasan perumahan usang kawasan pinggir bandar kawasan punca kawasan pupus kawasan pusat kawasan rekreasi kawasan rizab kawasan rusa kawasan saliran
kawasan telaga minyak
— — —
— -
— —
— —
— — — — — —
planning area commercial area free trade area
kawasan saluran keluar
—
outlet area
kawasan sampah terbuka
—
open dump
kawasan sampel kawasan semayam
circulation area industrial area! industrial estate
kawasan semula jadi kawasan serupa kawasan sesak kawasan setinggan
picnic site tin mining area
kawasan sosej kawasan Sterling kawasan sumber
business area housing estate obsolete housing area suburban area source area blighted area central area recreational area reserved area deer range drainage area
kawasan tadahan kawasan tambahan kawasan tanaman kawasan tandus kawasan tawar-menawar menyeluruh kawasan telaga gas kawasan telaga marginal kawasan telaga minyak 520
—
sample area living area
—
natural area
—
— — —
— — —
similar region congested area squatter area sausage belt Sterling area resource triangle
—
catchment area extension area planting area barren area
—
wide bargaining area
— — —
— — —
gas field marginal field oil field
kawasan telaga minyak boleh maju
kawasan telaga minyak boleh maju Kawasan telaga minyak perdagangan kawasan telaga perdagangan mantap kawasan telaga sedia ada kawasan tembaga kawasan tentu kawasan tentuan kawasan terbiar kawasan terjejas kawasan terkawal kawasan terlibat kawasan terwarta kawasan uji kaji kayu lembap kayu musim panas kayu tersilika keadaan atmosfera tak stabil
—
developable oil field
—
commercial oil field
—
— — — — — — — — — — —
— —
—
keadaan pembelanjawanan tambahan
summer wood silicated wood
keadaan berkala keadaan bersaingan dalam pemasaran keadaan bertangen keadaan berterusan keadaan berulang positif keadaan berulangan keadaan dinamik keadaan ekonomi mantap keadaan ergodik keadaan evolusi keadaan fizikal keadaan kerja keadaan keseimbangan keadaan klasik keadaan kritis keadaan mantap keadaan memantul keadaan pegun
unstable atmospheric condition
keadaan pembelanjawanan tambahan
established commercial field existing field copper belt dilineated area designated area derelict area affected region controlled area affected area gazetted area experimental region green timber
521
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
—
periodic state competitive conditions in marketing tangency condition persistent state positive recurrent state recurrence state dynamic state steady-state economy ergodic state evolutionary state physical condition working condition equilibrium state classical situation critical condition steady state reflacting state stationary state incremental nature of budgeting
keadaan penting
keanjalan lebihan dipasarkan
keadaan penting
—
essential state
keadaan perlu
—
essential state
—
transient state
keadaan sementara keadaan septik keadaan sinaran
—
septic condition radiant state
keadaan tetap
-
fixed state
keadaan
—
situation
keadilan bertukar tertib
—
commutative justice
—
equity of subsidising
keadilan pemberian. subsidi keadilan perindustrian keadilan sistem ekonomi keadilan sosial keagregatan keagungan peugguna keamatan buruh keamatan faktor keamatan guna keamatan lalu lintas keamatan modal
-
—
— — —
— —
— — — —
keamatan modal manusia keamatan pembaharuan keanjalan keanjalan harga keanjalan harga eksport keanjalan harga hasil keanjalan harga import keanjalan harga permintaan keanjalan basil keanjalan import pendapatan
industrial justice equity of economic system social justice aggregative
keanjalan infinit keanjalan jangkaan keanjalan jarak keanjalan kadar upah keanjalan keluaran sut buruh keanjalan kos keanjalan lebihan dipasarkan
consumer sovereignty labour intensity factor intensity intensity of use traffic intensity capital intensity 522
— — — — — — — -
intensity of human capital renewal intensity elasticity price elasticity price elasticity of export price elasticity of yield price elasticity of import price elasticity of demand
—
elasticity of revenue income elasticity of import
—
infinite elasticity
—
— — — —
— —
elasticity of expectation distance elasticity elasticity of wage rate marginal product of labour elasticity cost elasticity elasticity of marketed surplus
keanjalan lengkok
keanjalan untung
keanjalan lengkok
—
keanjalan malar
-
arc elasticity constant elasticity
keanjalan penggantian malar
keanjalan output
—
output elasticity
keanjalan penawaran
—
elasticity of supply
keanjalan penggunaan pendapatan
—
commodity supply elasticity
keanjalan penawaran barangan/komoditi keanjalan penawaran buruh keanjalan penawaran faktor keanjalan penawaran mása pendek keanjalan pendapatan keanjalan pendapatan pengguna keanjalan pengeluaran keanjalan pengeluaran sumber keanjalan penggantian
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
keanjalan permintaan keanjalan permintaan barangan/komoditi keanjalan permintaan pendapatan
elasticity of labour supply elasticity of factor supply
keanjalan permintaan silang keanjalan permintaan silang harga keanjalan purata
short-time elasticity of supply elasticity of income/ income elasticity elasticity of consumption income
keanjalan satu keanjalan keanjalan keanjalan keanjalan
elasticity of production/ production elasticity resource production elasticity
sempurna silang tak terhingga tindak balas
keanjalan titik keanjalan untung
elasticity of substitution 523
-
-
-
constant elasticity of substitution income elasticity of consumption elasticity of demand
—
commodity demand elasticity income elasticity of demand
—
cross elasticity of demand
—
—
— — — — — — — —
price cross-elasticity of demand average elasticity unitary elasticity perfect elasticity cross elasticity infinite elasticity elasticity of response point elasticity elasticity of profit
keautomatikan hasil cukai
keautomatikan hasil cukai
kebersandaran antara masa
—
automaticity of tax revenue
kebaikan bandingan
—
comparative advantage
kebaikan bukan kewangan
—
non-monetary advantage
kebaikan cukai
tax advantage
kebaikan ekuiti
—
equity advantage
kebajikan
—
welfare
kebajikan ekonomi
—
economic welfare
kebajikan masyarakat
—
social welfare
kebangkitan kapitalisme
—
rise of capitalism
kebankrapan kebarangkalian banjir/ probabiliti banjir kebarangkalian empirik/ probabiliti empirik kebarangkalian kepupusan/probabiliti kepupusan kebarangkalian perjalanan pertama/probabiliti perjalanan pertama
kebarangkalian pertimbangan/probabiliti pértimbangan
—
bankruptcy flood probability
—
empirical probability
—
—
-
kebebasan hubungan
—
kebebasan ekonomi
—
kebebasan pilihan kebekuan sekular kebenaran bersyarat kebènaran mencemar kebenaran perancangan kebenaran perancangan rangka keberdayatambahan keberkalaan keberkesanan keberkesanan kos keberkesanan matriks keberkesanan perubahan kebermusiman kebersandaran antara masa
extinction probability
first passage probability
524
—
— — — — — —
— — — —
— —
judgemental probability
affine independence economic freedom! economic independence freedom of choice secular stagnation conditional endorsement license to pollute planning permission outline planning permission additivity periodicity effectiveness cost effectiveness effectiveness of matrix effectiveness of change seasonality intertemporal dependency
kebersandaran stokastik kebersandaran stokastik kebersihan kebertanggungjawaban keberterusan keberuntungan kebezaan kebezaan fiskal kebezaan kualiti kebezaan pendapatan kebezaan pertama perbezaan upah kebisingan kebolehan kebolehbahagian kebolehbalikan kebolehbandingan kebolehbandingan data kebolehjadian maksimum maklumat lengkap kebolehjadian maksimum maklumat terhad
kebolehubahan harga
— —
— -
— — — —
— —
— — — —
—
stochastic dependence sanitation
kebolehkecualian kebolehlaksanaan
accountability continuity profitability
kebolehlaksanaan dual kebolehlaksanaan perancangan
differential fiscal differential quality differential income differential first differential
excludability feasibility
—
dual feasibility
-
feasibility of planning
kebolehlihatan
—
visibility
kebolehlihatan atmosfera
-
atmospheric visibility
kebolehpasaran
—
marketability
kebolehpercayaan
—
reliability
—
advertising believability
—
exhaustibility of fossil fuel
—
accessibility
-
adaptability
wage differential noise
kebolehpercayaan pengiklanan
competency divisibility reversibility comparability comparability of data full information maximum likelihood (FIML) limited information maximum likelihood
kebolehpupusan bahan bakar fosil kebolehsampaian kebolehsuaian kebolehtukaran kebolehubahan kebolehubahan formula kebolehubahan harga
525
—
—
— — — —
convertibility flexibility/variability formula flexibility price flexibility/price variability
kebolehubahan pembanci
kebolehubahan kebolehubahan cukaian kebolehubahan dapatan kebolehubahan kebolehubahan
pembanci penpenpertanian tanih
kebolehuraian kebosanan bekerja sut kebuk hiperbarik kebuluran kebun pertanian keburukan sosial kecacatan benar kecacatan ekonomi kecacatan relatif kecacatan sosial kecairan kecairan antarabangsa kecairan berlebihan kecairan semasa
kecekapan pengendalian
—
enumerator variability flexibility of taxation
—
income variability
—
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
kecederaan kabut
—
smog injury
kecederaan sinaran
—
radiation injury
kecekapan
—
efficiency
kecekapan antara masa
intertemporal efficiency
agricultural variability soil variability
kecekapan asimptot
—
asymptotic efficiency
kecekapan ekonomi
—
economic efficiency
decomposability marginal disutility of work hyperbaric chamber famine agricultural holdings social bads real injury economic injury relative injury social damage liquidity international liquidity excess liquidity current liquidity
kecekapan faktor
—
factof efficiency
kecekapan harga kecekapan kos kecekapan kuasa kecekapan modal sut kecekapan Pareto kecekapan pelaburan sut kecekapan pemasaran kecekapan pemulihan kecekapan penentuan harga kecekapan pengendalian 526
—
price efficiency cost efficiency power efficiency marginal efficiency of capital Pareto efficiency marginal efficiency of investment marketing efficiency recovery efficiency pricing efficiency
—
operational efficiency
— — — -
— —
— —
kecekapan penggunaan sumber
kecekapan penggunaan sumber
kecerunan purata
—
resource use efficiency
kecekapan pengurusan
-
managerial efficiency
kecekapan pentadbiran
—
kecekapan pertumbuhan kasar kecekapan peruntukan kecekapan pindahan/ kecekapan penyerapan kecekapan relatif kecekapan sistem penanaman kecekapan sosial kecekapan teknik kecekapan-x kecekungan kecembungan kecenderungan kecenderungan melabur kecenderungan melabur sut
—
administrative efficiency gross growth efficiency
—
allocative efficiency
—
transfer efficiency
— —
— — — — — — —
kecenderungan membelanja sut kecenderungan memusat kecenderungan menabung kecenderungan menabung purata kecenderungan menabung sut kecenderungan mencukai kecenderungan mencukai sut kecenderungan mengguna kecenderungan mengguna purata kecenderungan mengguna sut kecenderungan mengimport kecenderungan mengimport sut kecerunan jalan kecerunan purata
relative efficiency cropping system efficiency social efficiency technical efficiency x-efficiency concavity convexity propensity propensity of invest marginal propensity to invest 527
—
marginal propensity to spend central tendency propensity to save
-
average propensity to save
—
marginal propensity to save
-
-
— —
— —
—
-
-
—
propensity to tax marginal propensity to tax propensity to consume average propensity to consume marginal propensity to consume propensity to import marginal propensity to import road gradient average gradient
kegunaan pelawat
kecerunan sifar
kecerunan sifar kecualian kecukupan kedai alat tulis kedai anekajabatan kedai arak kedai haiwan didik kedai minuman kedai perkakasan kedai rantaian kedai runcit kedai runcit berangkai sukarela kedataran kedayamajuan kewangan kediaman kediaman orang tua kediaman rasi~i kediaman subpiawai kediktatoran kedudukan
— — — — — — — — —
— — — —
zero gradient exclusion adequacy/sufficiency stationary shop departmental store licensed premise pet shop public house hardware shop chain store provision shop/retail shop voluntary chain grocery flatness financial viability residential/dwelling old person dwelling official residence sub-standard accommodation dictatorship situation/position 528
kedudukan aset
—
asset position
kedudukan geografi
-
geographic position
kedudukan kewangan
-
fInancial standing
kedudukan kredit kedwihalaan kedwilogaman keempunyaan keempunyaan individu keempunyaan petani keempunyaan seorang keempunyaan pengguna keergodikan kefleksibelan tersedia kegagalan melapor kegagalan pasaran kegagalan perniagaan kegagalan tanaman kegemaran pengguna kegiatan gunung berapi kegunaan pelawat
— — — — — —
— — — —
credit rating/credit standing bilateralism bimetalism proprietorship individual proprietorship peasant proprietorship single proprietorship consumer resistence ergodicity built-in-flexibility
—
failure to report market failure business failure crop failure consumer likes
—
volcanic activity
—
visitor use
— — — —
kegunaan air
kehidupan komuniti
kegunaan air kegunaan air dalam negeri kegunaan akhir kegunaan bahan kegunaan bersangkutan kegunaan kebetulan kegunaaii orang ramai kegunaan perantaraan menyeluruh kegunaan perdagangan kegunaan perniagaan kegunaan pertanian kegunaan pertengahan akhir kegunaan sementara kegunaan semula kegunaan sumber optimum kegunaan tak sesuai kegunaan tambahan kegunaan tanah
— —
— — — — — —
— — — —
— — —
— ‘
— —
water use domestic water usage final use material use associated use incidental use communal use total intermediate use
kegunaan tanah perdagangan kegunaan tanah tanaman kegunaan tenaga kegunaan tenaga luar bandar kegunaan terbatas kegunaan tertentu kehabisan kehabisan keluaran kehabisan stok kehabisan sumber keharmonian cukai kehendak kehendak manusia kehendak merit kehendak persendirian kehendak sosial keheterogenan
commercial use business use agricultural use final intermediate use temporary use reuse optimum resource use incompatible use ancillary use laud use
kehidupan haiwan kehidupan komuniti 529
—
commercial land use
-
cropland use
— —
— — -
— —
— — — — — —
— —
energy use rural energy use restricted use classified uses depletion product exhaustion stockout resource exhaustion ~x harmonization wants human wants merit wants private wants social wants heterogeneity animal life community life
kehilangan
kehilangan kehilangan cukai kehilangan cukai dibawa ke belakang kehilangan haba kehilangan humus kehilangan pendingin kehilangan pendengaran kehilangan tenaga kehodohan bandar kehomogenan kehomogenan linear kehomotetikan fungsi pengeluaran keibuan keindahan semula jadi
kekecualian cukai
— — —
— —
— — — — — — —
—
—
keinginan pencapaian
—
keintensifan tenaga
—
kejadian sering infinit/ kejadian sering tak terhingga
—
loss tax-loss tax-loss carry back
kejahilan
—
ignorance
kejiranan
-
neighbourhood
kejiranan terbuka
-
open neighbourhood
kejituan kejituan anggaran
heat loss humus loss
kejurujualan kejuruteraan petroleum kejuruteraan takungan kejutan rambang kejutan terma kekaran pejabat kekaran rambang kekaran relatif kekaran ruang kekayaan kekayaan agregat kekayaan bukan manusia
loss of coolant hearing loss energy loss urban ugliness homogeneity linear homogeneity homotheticity of production function maternity natural beauty need for achievement energy intensiveness infinitely often occurance
kekayaan negara kekayaan perniagaan kekecualian cukai 530
— —
precision precision of estimate
—
salesmanship petrolepm engineering reservoir engineering random shock thermal shock office dispersal random dispersal relative dispersal spatial dispersion wealth aggregate wealth nonhuman wealth
—
national wealth
— — — — — — — — —
— —
business wealth tax exclusion
kekecualian perubahan teknologi
kekecualian perubahan teknologi kekecualian wang kekeliruan komposisi kekenduran pelengkap kekerapan berharmoni kekerapan-magnitud banjir kekeruhan air kekolinearan kekolinearan berbilang kekuatan dwielektrik kekuatan kelas kekuatan tawar-menawar kekukuhan kewangan kekurangan kekurangan kekurangan kekurangan kekurangan
air bahan bahan bakar bertambahan
kekurangan buruh
—
— — — —
— — — — — — —
—
neutrality of technology change neutrality of money fallacy of composition complementary slackness harmonic frequency
deficiency/scarcity! shortage
—
—
labour shortage
— -.
kekurangan ekonomi kekurangan modal kekurangan semula jadi kekurangan sengaja kekurangan sumber kekurangan uranium kekurangan zat makanan kelahiran hidup kelahiran kembar kelajuan purata kelakuan antisosial kelakuan harga kelakuan organisasi kelakuan pengeluar kelakuan pengeluar minyak kelakuan pengguna kelakuan rasional kelakuan sementara kelalaian cukai kelambatan pembangunan
flood frequency-magnitude turbidity of water collinearity multicollinearity dielectric strength class strength bargaining strength financial strength
water shortage material shortage shortage of fuel increasing scarcity
—
kelambatan pernbangunan
531
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
economic scarcity capital scarcity natural scarcity contrived scarcity resource scarcity shortage of uranium malnutrition live birth plural birth average speed anti-social behaviour price behaviour organizational behaviour producer behaviour oil producer behaviour consumer behaviour rational behaviour transient behaviour tax delinquency development delay
kelapangan (ruang)
keluaran bersama
kelapangan (ruang)
—
spaciousness
kelas bawahan; kelas bawah
—
lower class
kelas bawahan rendah
—
lower-lower class
kelas berulang
—
recurrent class
kelas ekonomi
—
economic class
kelas hujung terbuka
—
open-ended class
kelas kapitalis
—
capitalist class
kelas menengah kelas menengah bumiputera kelas mewah kelas pekerja kelas pendapatan kelas pertengahan rendah kelas puas sarna kelas sisaan kelas sosial bawahan kelayakan kelayakan konstren KuhnTucker
— -
—
—
lower social class
—
qualification
— — — —
—
kelembapan mutlak kelengkapan; peralatan kelengkapan berkaitan kelepasan cukai kelewatan kelikatan mutlak kelikir kelimpahan galian kerak bumi kelimpahan unsur kelinearan keluar keluaran keluaran akhir keluaran bahan kasar
middle class indigenous middle class leisure class working class income class lower-middle class indifference class residue classes
—
kelayakan pemasar ternakan kelebihpadaan kelegaan jambatan
Kuhn-Tucker constraint qualification 532
—
— — — —
— — -~
— — -— —
keluaran bersaingan
—
keluaran bersama
-
livestock marketer qualification redundancy bridge clearance absolute humidity equipment associate equipment tax holiday delay absolute viscosity gravel crustal abundance of minerals abundance of the element linearity reneging product end product/final product gross material product competitive product joint product
keluaran bersih
keluaran keluaran bersih keluaran kasar keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran keluaran benar
bersih dalam negeri dalam negeri fizikal fizikal sut hasil sut kasar kayu-kayan ladang negara negara bersih negara kasar negara kasar
keluaran nilai sut keluaran pelaburan bersih keluaran pelengkap keluaran perantaraan keluaran perantaraan
keluarga dalam bandar raya
-
net product net domestic product
—
gross domestic product
—
— — — — — — —
—
— —
—
keluaran perindustrian keluaran peringkat pertama keluaran petrokimia keluaran petroleum keluaran purata keluaran purata buruh keluaran sama keluaran sampingan keluaran semula jadi
physical product marginal physical product marginal revenue product gross product timber product farm produce national product net national product gross national product real gross national product net investment product complementary product
keluaran sumber sut keluaran sut keluaran tambahan keluaran tenusu perkilangan keluaran terpiawai keluaran tertapis keluaran utama keluaran utama
feed product intermediate product
keluarga dalam bandar raya
marginal value product
533
-
— — — —
industrial product primary product petrochemical product petroleum product average product average product of labour isoproduct by-product natural product
—
marginal resource product marginal product supplementary product manufactured dairy product standardized product refined product main product primary product
—
inner-city family
— —
— — -
keluarga eksponen
keluk basil sut
keluarga eksponen
-
exponential family
keluarga petani
—
farm family
keluasan ekar
—
acreage
keluk
—
curve
keluk aliran-tempoh
—
flow-duration curve
keluk arah aliran
—
trend curve
keluk belanja sama
—
iso-outlay curve
keluk ciri kendalian
—
keluk dalam-kerosakan
—
depth-damage curve
keluk daya pengeluaran
—
productivity curve
—
exponential curve
keluk eksponen keluk eksponen ganda dua terkecil keluk eksponen terubahsuai
—
—
keluk Engle
—
keluk frekuensi bentuk J
—
keluk frekuensi bentuk U
—
keluk frekuensi dwimod/ keluk kekerapan dwimod keluk frekuensi relatif/ keluk kekerapan relatif keluk frekuensi tak simetri/keluk kekerapan tak simetri keluk frekuensi terpencong/keluk kekerapan terpencong keluk frekuensi berbilang mod/keluk kekerapan berbilang mod keluk ganda dua terkecil keluk Gauss keluk Gompertz keluk geometri keluk gerak balas keluk harga-penggunaan keluk hasil penyimpanan keluk basil sut
operating characteristic curve
least-squares exponential curve modified exponential curve Engle’s curve J-shaped frequency curve U-shaped frequency curve 534
bimodal frequency curve
—
—
—
—
— — — — — — — —
relative frequency curve asymmetrical frequency curve skewed frequency curve
multi-modal frequency curve least squares curve Gaussian curve Gompertz curve geometric curve response curve price-consumption curve storage-yield curve marginal revenue curve
keluk input-output
keluk input-output kelukjumlah kos purata jangka panjang kelukjumlah nilai keluk kandung keluk kebarangkalian sama/keluk probabiliti sama
keluk pendapatan penggunaan
— —
— — —
keluk keluaran
—
keluk keluaran malar
—
keluk keluaran sama
—
keluk keluaran sut keluk kemungkinan keluk kemungkinan pengeluaran keluk kemungkinan utiliti keluk kontrak keluk kos keluk kos berubah purata keluk kos purata
— — -
— — — — —
input-output curve long-run average total cost curve
keluk kos sut keluk kos sut jangka panjang keluk kos tetap purata
total value curve envelope curve isoprobability curve
keluk kuartik keluk kuasa keluk kuasa tiga keluk logistik keluk Lorenz keluk normal keluk pembelajaran keluk penawaran keluk penawaran agregat keluk penawaran berkesan keluk penawaran industri
product curve constant product curve equal product curve! isoproduct curve marginal product curve possibility curve production possibility curve utility possibility curve contract curve cost curve average variable cost curve average cost curve
keluk penawaran melengkok ke belakang keluk penawaran pekerja agregat keluk pendapatan penggunaan 535
-
marginal cost curve long-run marginal cost curve
—
average fixed cbst curve
—
— — — — — — — — — — —
—
—
—
quartic curve power curve cubic curve logistic curve Lorenz curve normal curve learning curve supply curve aggregate supply curve effective supply curve industry supply curve backward-bending supply curve aggregate worker-supply curve income-consumption curve
keluk perbelanjaan
keluk transformasi pengeluaran
keluk perbelanjaan
—
expenditure curve
keluk perbelanjaan sama
—
isoexpenditure curve
—
particular expense curve
keluk permintaan
—
demand curve
keluk permintaan agregat
—
aggregate demand curve
keluk permintaan berkesan
—
effective demand curve
keluk permintaan individu
—
individual demand curve
keluk separa/keluk sebahagian keluk simetri keluk SS keluk sumber sama keluk sut keluk tawaran keluk tempoh beban tahunan keluk tempoh beban tahunan terlinear keluk transformasi keluk transformasi keluaran keluk transformasi pengeluaran
keluk perbelanjaan tertentu
keluk permintaan input
—
input demand curve
keluk permintaan linear
—
linear demand curve
keluk permintaan pasaran keluk permintaan salingan keluk permintaan terpatah keluk permintaan separuh normal keluk Phillips keluk probabiliti normal! keluk kebarangkalian normal keluk puas sama
— — — —
market demand curve reciprocal demand curve kinked demand-curve half-normal growth curve
—
Phillips curve normal probability curve
—
indifference curve
—
536
keluk puas sama komuniti
—
keluk puas sama sosial
—
keluk ralat
—
error curve
keluk regresi
—
regression curve
—
partial curve
— — — — —
-
—
— —
—
community indifference curve social indifference curve
symmetrical curve SS-curve iso-resource curve marginal curve offer curve annual load duration curve linearized annual load duration curve transformation curve product transformation curve production transformation curve
keluk utiliti
keluk utiliti keluk utiliti sama keluli keluli karbon keluli tak karat kelulusan bersyarat kemahiran asas kemahiran buruh kemahuan individu kemahuan kolektif kemajuan kemajuan hangunan kemajuan baru kemajuan ekonomi kemajuan lelong kemajuan pemasaran kemajuan sains kemajuan saintifik kemajuan tanah kemajuan teknik berkecuali Harrod
kemarau
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
utility curve iso-utility curve steel carbon steel stainless steel conditional approval basic skill labour skill individual wants collective want advancement building development new development economic progress auction development marketing development progress of science scientific progress land development Harrod neutral technical progress
kemajuan teknik terkandung kemajuan teknologi
kemajuan teknologi tak terkandung kemajuan teknologi terkandung
—
—
—
embodied technical progress technological advancement/technological progress embodied technological progress disembodied technological progress
kemakmuran
-
prosperity
kemalangan jalan raya
—
road accident
kemalangan sinaran
—
radiation accident
kemampuan membayar kemampuan membayar fiskal kemampuan menanggung risiko kemampuan mengeksploitasi kemanusiaan kemarau 537
—
—
ability to pay fiscal solvency
—
risk-bearing ability
—
ability to exploit
-
humanity
-
drought
—
kemasukan air laut
kemasukan air laut kemasukan mudah kemasukan pertama kemasukan terhalang berkesan kemasukan terhalang tak berkesan kemasukan tersekat kematanan kematangan kematangan ekonomi kematian kematian bayi kematian biasa kematian remaja kembangan multinomial kembar tiga kemelesetan kemelesetan besar kemelesetan ekonomi
kemudahan kredit
— — — —
—
— — — — — — — — — — — —
sea-water intrusion easy entry first entry effective impeded entry
kemelesetan klasik
—
classic depression
kemerosotan
—
degeneracy/deterioration
kemerosotan bandar
—
urban decay
—
terms of trade deterioration
kemerosotan mutu
-
quality deterioration
kemerosotan perdagangan
—
trade depression
kemerosotan kadar syarat perdagangan
ineffectively impeded entry blockaded entry materiality maturity economic maturity mortality infant mortality natural death juvenile mortality multinomial expansion triplet depression/recession great depression economic depression! economic recession
kemerosotan tanih kemiskinan kemiskinan bandar kemiskinan luar bandar kemiskinan mutlak kempen jualan kempen peladang untuk kredit kemudahan kemudahan awam kemudahan awam kemudahan bahaya kemudahan kredit 538
— — — —
— — —
— — —
—
soil deterioration poverty urban poverty rural poverty absolute poverty sales campaign farmers campaign for credit facility utilities public facility obnoxious facility credit facility
kemudahan layanan
kemudahan layanan kemudahan lelong kemudahan orang ramai kemudahan pembuatan kemudahan pemprosesan ayam itik kemudahan pengangkutan kemudahan penyahsulfuran kemudahan perkhidmatan kemudahan perkilangan kemudahan sosial kemunduran kemunduran ekonomi kemunduran pengurusan kemungkinan kematian kemungkinan pengeluaran kemungkinan perancangan kemurahan
kenormalan
—
service facility auction facility
—
communal facility
—
— —
— —
—
manufacturing facility poultry processing facility transportation facility desuiphurization facility service facility
—
manufacturing facility social facility backwardness economic backwardness managerial backwardness force of mortality production possibility planning possibility
—
cheapness
— —
— — -
kemusnahan estetik kemusnahan hidupan liar kemusnahan hutan kemusnahan tanah kemusnahan tanaman kemutlakan kenaikan cukai kenaikan harga kenaikan harga tersembunyi kenaikan pindahan kenatalan kenderaan awam kenderaan bergerak kenderaan berhenti kenderaan bermotor kenderaan diesel kenderaan perkhidmatan kenderaan persendirian kenolan kenormalan 539
— — — — -
— — — — — — —
aesthetic damage wildlife damage forest destruction land destruction crop damage absolutism tax increase price increase hidden price increase rise of transfer natality public transport moving vehicle stationary vehicle automobile/motor vehicle diesel vehicle service vehicle private transport nullity normality
kenyaringan
kenyaringan kenyataan bank kenyataan berketentuan keriyataan bertulis kenyataan majmuk kenyataan ncu-matif kenyataan positif kenyataan sejagat kenyataan tak boleh laksana kenyataan tubrukan alam sekitar kenyataan universal keobjektifan saintifik keoptimuman keoptimuman Pareto kepadatan kepadatan bangunan kepadatan bersih kepadatan fisiografi kepadatan kediaman
kepelbagaian industri
— — — — — — — — —
—
— — — — —
loudness bank return deterministic statement written statement compound statement normative statement positive statement universal statement nonoperational statement
kepadatan kediaman bersih kepadatan kediaman kasar kepadatan mutlak kepadatan penduduk kepadatan penghunian kepadatan perumahan kepadatan probabiliti/ kepadatan kebarangkalian
environmental impact statement universal statement scientific objectivity optimality Pareto optimality density building density net density physiographic density residential density
kepadatan saliran kepadatan tinggi kepadatan udara kepakaran kepastian kepegunan kepekaan harga kepekatan biologi kepekatan kripton kepelbagaian genetik kepelbagaian industri 540
—
net residential density
-
gross residential density obsolute density population density living density housing density probability density
—
drainage density
— — — -
— —
— — — — — — — —
high-density air density expertise certainty stationarity price sensitivity biological concentration krypton concentration genetic diversity diversity of industry
kepeniimpinan
kepemimpinan kepencongan kepencongan agihan pendapatan kepencongan ke kanan kepencongan ke kin kepentingan awam kepentingan boleh insurans kepentingan cagaran kepentingan cagaran kepentingan kelas kepentingan keseluruhan kepentingan komuniti kepentingan minoriti kepentingan peribadi kepentingan persendirian kepentingan terbatas kepercayaan keagamaan keperluan
keperluan rizab minimum
— — —
— —
— —
— —
— — — — — — —
leadership skewness skewness of income distribution
keperluan asas
right skewness left skewness
keperluan cagaran keperluan deposit minimum
keperluan buruh keperluan buruh lelong
public interest insurable interest
keperluan fisiologi keperluan fiskal keperluan hasil
security interest purchase money security interest
keperluan keperluan keperluan keperluan keperluan keperluan
class interest overall importance community interest minority interest personal interest private interest restricted interest religious belief need
ketaknegatifan margin modal pelaburan pengguna perumahan
keperluan rizab keperluan rizab minimum
541
—
— —
— —
—
— —
— — — — — -
— —
basic needs labour requirement auction labour requirement security requirement minimum deposit requirement physiological need fiscal need revenue needs/revenue requirement non-negativity requirement margin requirement capital requirement investment requirement consumer needs housing need/housing requirement reserve requirement minimum reserve requirement
keperluan rizab wajib
keradioaktifan buatan
keperluan rizab wajib
—
legal reserve requirement
keperluan sekolah
—
school requirement
keperluan sumber tenaga
—
keperluan tanah
—
keperluan tanah pertanian keperluan tenaga asas keperluan tenaga perindustrian keperluan undang-undang kepimpinan harga kepimpinan keping tanah keprogresifan dalam teknik keprogresifan kadar cukai kepuasan kepuasan tertangguh kepupusan kepupusan bahan bakar fosil
—
— —
— — —
— —
— — — —
keputusan keputusan keputusan keputusan keputusan keputusan keputusan
energy resource requirement land needs agricultural land requirement basic energy requirement industrial energy requirement
antara masa asimptot Bayes berbilang nilai beijujukan ekonomi jangka panjang
keputusan kerajaan keputusan kerja-rehat keputusan minimaks keputusan optimum keputusan pelaburan keputusan penggunaan keputusan rayuan keputusan statik keputusan statistik keputusan tak terambang keputusan terambang keracunan perak keradioaktifan buatan
statutory requirement price leadership leadership parcel of land progressiveness in technique progressivity of tax rate satisfaction deferred gratification extinction exhaustion of fossil fuel
542
— — — — — -
— — — —
— —
— — — — — —
intertemporal decision asymptotic result Bayesian decision multi-valued decision sequential decision economic decision long-period decision! long-term decision government decision work-leisure decision minimax decision optimal decision investment decision consumption decision appeal decision static decision statistical decision non-randomized decision randomized decision silver poisoning artificial radioactivity
kerajaan kawasan metropolitan
kerajaan kawasan metropolitan kerajaan pusat kerajaan tempatan kerak bumi kerambangan kerasionalan ekonomi kerasionalan pengguna keratan keratan kon keratan kon hiperbola keratan kon membulat keratan kon merosot keratan kon parabola keregresifan keregresifan cukai kereta perdagangan kerisik kerja awal kerja benar kerja dalam proses
—
— — — — — — — — — — -
—
— —
kerosakan menyakat metropolitan area government central government local government earth crust randomness economic rationality rationality of consumer section conic section hyperbolic conic section circular conic section degenerate conic section parabolic conic section regressivity regressivity of tax commercial vehicle grit preliminary work
kerja ikut arahan
—
work-to-rule
kerja infrastruktur
-
infrastructure work
—
blue-collarjob
kerja kolar biru kerja kolar putih kerja lebih masa keeja luar kerja raya kerja sosial kerja sosial luar bandar kerja terdesak kerjasama pentadbiran kerjasama penyelidikan kerjasama saintifik kerjasama sukarela kerosakan banjir kerosakan harta benda kerosakan hutan kerosakan kabut kerosakan lanjutan kerosakan menyakat
factual work work in proce&s 543
—
white-collar job overtime work field work/out door work public works social work
-
rural social work
— — — -
— —
— — —
— —
— —
rush job administrative co-operation research co-operation scientifik co-operation voluntary co-operation flood damage property damage forest damage smog injury consequential damage nuisance damage
kerosakan sinaran
kerosakan sinaran kerosakan sosial
kesalinggenapan permmtaan
—
radiation damage
—
social damage
kertas graf
-
kertas laporan
—
graph paper report sheet
kerugian
—
loss
kerugian bawa ke depan
—
kerugian Bayes kerugian boleh benar cukai kerugian d~jangka kerugian durian runtuh kerugian ke depan kerugian kemalangan kerugian kematian kerugian kendalian bersih kerugian kerugian kerugian kerugian kerugian
kuadratik ladang luput melepas modal
—
loss carry forward Bayes’ loss
—
tax-allowable loss
kerugian nilai pembangunan
—
loss of development value
-
expected opportunity loss
—
processing loss
—
livestock losses
—
test case
kesahan
—
validity
kesahan luaran
—
external validity
—
equity in subsidising
—
equity of economic system
kerugian peluang terjangka kerugian pemprosesan kerugian ternakan kes ujian
—
expected loss windfall loss
kesaksamaan pemberian subsidi
—
downstream loss
kesaksamaan sistem ekonomi kesal
—
—
—
— — — —
casualty loss death loss
kesalingan kesalingenapan kesalinglengkapan kesalinggenapan faktor
net operating loss quadratic loss farm loss deadweight loss opportunity loss capital loss
kesalinggenapan permintaan 544
— — — — —
-
regret reciprocity complementarity complementarity complementarity of factors complementarity of demand
kesallngtambahan
kesalingtambahan kesamaan kesamaan hutang kesamaan kepastian kesamaan kewangan kepastian kesamaan minyak kesamaan pencukaian kesãmaan pendapatan kesamaan tunai kesamaan varians kesan kesan kesan akaun modal kesan alam sekitar kesan ambang kesan ameniti kesan antara generasi kesan antiinflasi kesan atmosfera kesan baki benar
kesan in rumah
— — — —
— — —
— — — — — — —
— — — — —
supplementarity equality debt equivalent certainty equivalence certainty monetary equivalent oil equivalent equality of taxation income equality
kesan baki tunai kesan barangan kesan berkadar kesan bermusim kesan bersaingan kesan bersaingan tarif kesan bukan pasaran kesan campur tangan kerajaan kesan cukai kesan demonstrasi kesan ekonomi kesan eksport kesan galakan kesan geografi kesan harga kesan harga ikut masa kesan himpitan kesan input kesan insentif kesan isi rumah
cash equivalent equality of variance effect impact capital account effects environmental effect threshold effect amenity effect intergenerational effect anti-inflationary effect atmosphere effect real balance effect 545
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — -
cash-balance effect commodity effect proportional effect seasonal effect competitive effect competitive effect of tariff non-market effect government intervention effect tax effect demonstration effect economic effect export effect incentive effect geographic effect price effect time price effect crowding-out effect input effect incentive effect household effect
kesan karsinogen
kesan karsinogen
kesan pengherotan
—
carcinogenic effect
kesan kawasan hijau
—
kesan kebajikan
—
green belt effect welfare effect
—
spite effect of tax
kesan kebencian cukai kesan kehomogenan tarif
—
kesan kekayaan
—
kesan kekurangan sumber
—
kesan kesatuan kastam kesan kewangan kesan kitaran kesan kos-modal kesan lelehan kesan letakan kesan limpahan kesan masa kesan merosakkan kesan mesra kesan monopoli kesan mutagen
kesan olahan bald kesan output kesan pantulan kesan pasaran wilayah kesan pelancongan kesan pembuangan sejagat
tariff homogenising effect wealth effect resource shortage effect
kesan pencemaran sejagat kesan penciptaan perdagangan kesan pencukaian kesan pendapatan kesan penduduk kesan pengagihan kesan pengagihan semula kesan pengembangan kesan pengganda
custom union effect —
pecuniary effects
—
cyclic effect
— — — — —
—
— — —
cost-of-capital effect trickle-down effect locational effect spillover effect temporal effect! time effect deterious effect
kesan penggantian kesan penggantian harga
please effect monopoly effect mutagenic effect
kesan pengherotan 546
— — — — — —
— —
— — — — — — -
-
—
residual treatment effect output effect repercussion effect regional market effect tourism effect global effect of discharge global effect of pollution trade-creation effect taxation effect income effect population effect distributional effect redistributive effect expansionary effect multiplier effect substitution effect substitution effect of price distorting effect
kesan pengkhususan wilayah
kesan pengkhususan wilayah kesan pengumuman kesan penstabilan kesan penukaran faktor
kesatuan set
—
—
regional specialization effect announcement effect
—
stabilizing effect factor switching effect
kesan penyombong
—
snob effect
kesan perbelanjaan
—
expenditure effect
kesan perdagangan kesan perdagangan minyak kesan perdagangan nampak kesan perdagangan tak nampak kesan perlindungan kesan peruntukan kesan Pigou kesan polarisasi kesan ruang kesan ruangan kesan sehaluan
—
— — —
—
—
— — — — — —
kesan sehaluan penggunaan kesan simpanan kesan sinaran kesan sinaran pada genetik kesan stok kesan surutan kesan tak seimbang kesan tebaran kesan teknik wilayah kesan tertutup kesan tetap kesan toksik kesan turut ramai kesan umur kesatuan awam kesatuan kastam kesatuan kewangan kesatuan kredit kesatuan sekerja kesatuan set
trade effect oil trade effect visible trade effect invisible trade effect protection effect! protective effect allocative effect Pigou effect polarization effect spatial effect column effect ratchet effect 547
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
ratchet effect in consumption stock effect radiation effeêt genetic effect of radiation stock effect backwash effect imbalance effect spread effect regional technical effect lock-in effect fixed effect toxic effect bandwagon effect age effect public union custom union monetary union credit union labour union/trade union union of sets
kesedaran jenama
keseimbangan penuh
kesedaran jenama
—
brand awareness
keseimbangan ikut masa
—
equilibrium over time
kesedaran sosial
—
social awareness
keseimbangan industri
—
equilibrium of industry
kesediaan membayar
—
willingness to pay
long-run equilibrium
—
standing to sue
keseimbangan jangka panjang keseimbangan ketara
—
kesediaan mendakwa
-
apparent equilibrium
kesediaan menerima kesediaan pengguna membayar keseimbangan keseimbangan keseimbangan wilayah keseimbangan bangsa keseimbangan keseimbangan keseimbangan pasaran keseimbangan keseimbangan keseimbangan keseimbangan
— —
-
aliran antara antaraasas autarki berbilang bergerak dinamik ekonomi firma
— —
—
—
— —
willingness to accept consumers’ willingness to pay
keseimbangan keseimbangan keseimbangan keseimbangan umum keseimbangan
equilibrium flow equilibrium interregional equilibrium
kewangan kumpulan letakan letakan matlamat
international equilibrium
keseimbangan pada satu tempoh
fundamental equilibrium autarchy equilibrium multimarket equilibrium
keseimbangan pasaran keseimbangan pasaran separa/keseimbangan pasaran sebahagian
moving equilibrium dynamic equilibrium economic equilibrium equilibrium of firm
keseimbangan pasaran umum keseimbangan penjerapan keseimbangan penuh 548
— —
—
—
monetary equilibrium group equilibrium locational equilibrium general locational equilibrium goal equilibrium equilibrium over single period
—
market equilibrium partial market equilibrium
—
general market equilibrium
-
— —
adsorption equilibrium full equilibrium
keseimbangan pertumbuhan
keseimbangan pertumbuhan keseimbangan sementara keseimbangan separa/ keseimbangan sebahagian keseimbangan stok keseimbangan tak stabil keseimbangan tertentu keseimbangan umum kesejahteraan sosial kesejahteraan sosial maksimum kesekutuan keselamatan jalan raya keselamatan keluaran keselamatan manusia
kesihatan awam
-
— —
— —
— — —
— — —
growth equilibrium temporary equilibrium partial equilibrium
stock equilibrium unstable equilibrium particular equilibrium
kesepakatan ternyata keseragaman kadar keserasian kesesakan kesesakan bandar kesesakan kawasan kesesakan lalu lintas kesesalcan pekerjaan kesesuaian tanah kesesuaian tanih kesetaraan kesetaraan penduduk kesihatan awam
general equilibrium social well-being maximum social wellbeing associativity road safety product safety
keselamatan modal
—
human safety capital security
keselamatan negara
—
national security
keselamatan Pareto
—
Pareto safety
keselamatan pekerjaan
—
occupational safety
—
keselamatan sosial keselamatan tempat kerja keselanjaran keselanjaran rancangan keselesaan awam kesepadanan satu sama satu kesepakatan
549
—
social security workplace safety continuity plan continuity public convenience one-to-one correspondence
—
unanimity
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —. —
overt collusion rate uniformity compatibility congestion urban congestion area congestion traffic congestion occupational crowding suitability of land soil suitability equivalence population equivalence public health
kestabilan
ketakkecualian perubahan teknologi
kestabilan kestabilan berbilang pasaran kestabilan dinamik kestabilan galian! kestabilan mineral kestabilan harga kestabilan keseimbangan kestabilan kestabilan kestabilan kestabilan
kewangan Marshall pasaran pasaran sumber
kestabilan pendapatan kestabilan sempurna kestabilan tak sempurna kesubjektifan kesuburan kesuburan berbeza kesuburan tanah kesuburan tanah awalan kesuburan tanih
— —
— —
—
— — — —
— — — — — —
stability multimarket stability
kesukaran penilaian kesukaran penyelidikan kesusutan kesusutan oksigen kesusutan ozon kesusutan sumber kesusutan tanih ketakadilan ketakanjalan sempurna ketakbersandaran linear ketakbersandaran statistik ketakbiasan asimptot ketakbolehan ketakbolehbahagian ketakbolehbahagian dalam penggunaan
dynamic stability stability of mineral price stability stability of equilibrium financial stability Marshallian stability market stability stability of resource market income stability perfect stability imperfeect stability subjectivity fecundity differential fertility land fertility initial soil fertility soil fertility
ketakbolehbalikan semula ketakholehlaksanaan ketakcekapan ketakkecualian perubahan teknologi 550
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
valuation difficulty research difficulty depletion oxygen delpetion ozone depletion resource depletion soil depletion disequality perfect inelasticity linear independence statistical independence asymptotic unbiasedness disability indivisibility indivisibility in consumption irreversibility infeasibility inefficiency non-neutrality of technological change
ketakkecualian wang
ketakkecualian wang ketakkurangan ketakmampuan ketaknegatifan ketaknormalan ketakpastian ketakpastian geologi ketakpastian harga ketakpastian teknologi ketakpuasan ketaksamaan ketaksamaan ketaksamaan Chebyshev ketaksamaan Cramer-Rao ketaksamaan ekonomi ikut bangsa ketaksamaan mutlak ketaksamaan pendapatan ketaksamaan segi tiga ketakseimbangan ketakseimbangan asas
ketakstabilan jumlah ekaport
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
non-neutrality of money irreducibility insolvency non-negativity abnormality uncertainty geological uncertainty price uncertainty technological uncertainty non-satisfaction disparity/inequality disequality Chebyshev’s inequality Cramer-Rao inequality racial economic disparity
ketakseimbangan kitaran ketakseimbangan pasaran buruh ketakseimbangan sosial ketakselanjaran penyerapan ketakselanjaran titik hilang
-
—
disequilibrium labour market disequilibrium
—
social disequilibrium
—
absorption discontinuity
—
missing point discontinuity
ketaksempurnaan modal
—
capital imperfection
ketaksempurnaan pasaran
—
market imperfection
ketaksempurnaan pasaran factor market imperfection faktor ketakseragaman geografi geographical non uniformity instability ketakstabilan ketakstabilan eksport ketakstabilan eksport barangan/ketakstabilan eksport komoditi
absolute inequality income inequality triangular inequality disequilibrium fundamental disequilibrium
ketakstabilan harga eksport ketakstabilan jumlah eksport 551
-
export instability
—
commodity export instability
—
export price instability
—
export volume instability
ketalcstabilan pendapatan
ketimbalbalikan
ketakstabilan pendapatan ketakstabilan pertumbuhan ketaktentuan ketaktentuan keseimbangan ketaktepatan purata ketara ketegaran ketegaran aset ketegaran bahan pencemar ketegaran dualisme ketegaran pengh~jrahan ketegaran upah ketekalan ketekalan dalaman ketekalan keutamaan ketekalan penganggar ketekalan rancangan ketenggelaman terkawal
income instability growth instability — —
— — — — — —
—
— — — — — —
ketepatan
indeterminacy indeterminacy of equilibrium
ketepatan padanan
—
accuracy goodness of fit
ketepatan ramalan
—
accuracy of forecast
keterbatasan tanah keterbiaran keterbiaran bangunan keterhentian perancangan ketersediaan galian/ ketersediaan mineral ketersediaan potensi sama
average inaccuracy apparent persistence/rigidity asset fixity persistence of pollutant dualism persistence! persistence of dualism persistence of migration
ketersediaan sumber ketetapan kehendak ketibaan dalam negeri ketibaan malar ketibaan pukal ketibaan rambang ketibaan rambang sepenuhnya ketidakpastian permintaan
wage rigidity consistency internal consistency consistency of preference consistency of estimator consistency of plan manned submersible
ketimbalbalikan 552
—
— — — —
—
—
— — — — —
—
—
land finiteness dereliction abandonment of building discontinuity of planning mineral availability equal potential availability resource availability fixity-of-wants domestic arrival constant arrival bulk arrival random arrival completely random arrival demand uncertainty reciprocity
ketoksikan pencemar
ketoksikan pencemar
keutam~npenjual toxicity of pollutant transitivity
keupayaan menyerap modal keupayaan pembiakan keupayaan penjanaan elektrik
—
senility fineness of coin density water density drainage density dominance
keuntungan durian runtuh
-
windfall profit
keuntungan memuaskan
—
satisfactory profit
keuntungan pemprosesan
-
processing profit
ketransitifan ketuaan ketulenan duit ketumpatan ketumpatan air ketumpatan saliran keunggulan
—
— — — —
keuntungan tanah
-
land profit
keupayaan
—
capacity
—
productive capacity
—
excess capacity
—
attainable capacity
keupayaan berdaya keluaran keupayaan berlebihan keupayaan boleh capai keupayaan fiskal tak sama keupayaan loji penapis
—
unequal fiscal capacity refinery capacity
keupayaan mengimport
—
capacity to import
—
keusahawanan keusangan
553
keusangan perumahan keutamaan bayaran terdahulu keutamaan bercanggah keutamaan cukai keutamaan kecairan keutamaan masa keutamaan masa negatif keutamaan masa neutral keutamaan masa positif keutamaan masa sosial keutamaan pengguna keutamaan pengundi keutamaan penjual
-
— -
— —
— —
— — — — — — — — — — —
capacity to absorb capital reproductive capacity electricity generating capacity
-
entrepreneurship obsolescence obsolescence of housing prepayment privilege conflicting preference tax preference liquidity preference time preference negative time preference neutral time preference positive time preference social time preference consumer preference voter preference seller’s preference
keutamaan puncak tunggal
kitaran Kondratieff
keutamaan puncak tunggal
—
single peaked preference
kiriman pos
—
postal order
keutamaan risiko subjektif
-
subjective risk preference
kiriman wang
—
money order/remittance
keutamaan tarif
-
kitaran air kitaran bahan bakar
keutamaan ternyata
—
tariff preference revealed preference
—
water cycle fuel cycle
keutamaan transit
—
transit privilege
kitaran belanjawan
—
budget cycle
keutamaan
-
priority
kitaran biogeokimia
—
biogeochemical cycle
agricultural finance modified chi-squares
kitaran geografi
—
geographic cycle
kitaran hakisan
—
cycle of erosion
factory brewery
kitaran harga kitaran hayat
ginning factory paper mill food factory allied chemical agricultural chemistry agrochemistry water mill/water wheel wind mill double counting offshore rig count
kitaran hayat keluaran
kewangan pertanian khi ganda dua terubahsuai kilang kilang arak kilang busar kapas kilang kertas kilang makanan kimia bersekutu kimia pertanian kimia tani kincir air kincir angin kiraan dua kali kiraan pelantar tengah laut
-
-
— -
— — — — -
kitaran hidrologi kitaran hidup sosial kitaran inventori kitaran Juglar kitaran karbon kitaran keluaran kitaran kendalian kitaran Kitchin kitaran Kondratieff 554
—
—
price cycle life cycle
—
product life cycle
—
— — — — — — — —
hydrologic cycle social life cycle inventory cycle Juglar cycle carbon cycle product cycle operating cycle Kitchin cycle Kondratieff cycle
kitaran krisis
koefisien kepencongan Pearson
kitaran krisis
—
crisis cycle
kitaran Otto
—
Otto cycle
kitaran perdagangan
—
trade cycle
koefisien berbilang korelasi berganda dua! pekali berbilang korelasi berganda dua
kitaran perniagaan
—
business cycle
kitaran pertumbuhan
-
growth cycle
koefisien gerak balas/ pekali gerak balas
kitaran rujukan
—
reference cycle
koefisien Gini/pekali Gini
kitaran tompok matahari
—
sunspot cycle
klien
—
client
koefisien guna tanah/ pekali guna tanah
kiorin
-
chlorine
klorin dioksida
-
chlorine dioxide
kod etika ikhtisas
—
professional code of ethic
kodomain
-
codomain
koefisien/pekali
—
coefficient
korelasi autokorelasi taraf pertama/pekali autokorelasi taraf pertama koefisien bentuk terkurang/pekali bentuk terkurang
—
—
koefisien input-output! pekali input-output koefisien input,’pekali input koefisien keanjalan/pekali keanjalan
—
squared multiple correlation coefficient
—
response coefficient
—
Gini coefficient
-
land use coefficient
—
input-output coefficient
—
input coefficient
—
coefficient of elasticity
first order autocorrelation coefficient
koefisien kebolehpercaya- — an/pekali kebolehpercayaan
reliability coefficient
reduced form coefficient
koefisien kepencongan Pearson/pekali kepencongan Pearson
Pearson’s coefficient of skewness
555
—
koefisien ketaksamaan Thei/pekali ketaksamaan Theil
koefisien ketaksamaan Theil/pekali ketaksamaan Theil koefisien keyakinan/pekali keyakinan koefisien kontingensi/ pekali kontingensi koefisien korelasi/pekali korelasi koefisien korelasi berbilang/pekali korelasi berbilang koefisien korelasi bersiri membulat/pekali korelasi bersiri membulat koefisien korelasi berbilang tersuai/pekali korelasi berbilang tersuai koefisien korelasi mudah! pekali korelasi mudah koefisien korelasi pangkat Spearman/pekali korelasi pangkat Spearman
—
Theil’s inequality coefficient
—
confidence coefficient
-
coefficient of contingency
—
correlation coefficient
—
—
—
—
koefisien output/pekali output
multiple correlation coefficient circular serial correlation coefficient adjusted multiple correlation coefficient
koefisien korelasi pangkat/ pekali korelasi pangkat
rank correlation coefficient
koefisien korelasi pangkat! pekali korelasi pangkat koefisien korelasi penduduk!pekali korelasi penduduk koefisien korelasi regresi/ pekali korelasi regresi
coefficient of rank correlation population correlation coefficient
koefisien korelasi sampel/ pekali korelasi sampel koefisien korelasi separa/ pekali korelasi separa koeflsien kuartil/koefisien penyuku; pekali kuartil/ pekali penyuku koelisien Leontief/pekali Leontief koefisien momen!pekali momen koefisien output,/pekali output
simple correlation coefficient Spearman rank correlation coefficient
556
—
—
regression correlation coeficien sample correlation coefficient
—
partial correlation coefficient quartile coefficient
-
Leontief coefficient
—
moment coefficient —
output coefficient
koefisien pelabus-an/pekali pelaburan koefisien pelaburan/pekali pelaburan koefisien penentuan! pekali penentuan koefisien penentuan berbilang/pekali penentuan berbilang koefisien pencepatan/ pekali pencepatan koefisien pengeluaran tetap/pekali pengeluaran tetap koefisien penggantian/ pekali penggantian koefisien pertumbuhan/ pekali pertumbuhan koefisien regresi/pekali regresi koefisien regresi separa! pekali regresi separa koefisien selerakan/pekali selerakan
—
—
—
koloid tanah lint
investment coefficient
koefisien teknik/pekali teknik
coefficient of determination coefficient of multiple determination
koefisien tetap/pekali tetap koefisien utama!pekali utama koefisien variasi/pekali variasi
coefficient of acceleration
kofaktor -
—
-
—
—
—
fixed coefficient of production
kofungsi kohort kohort sebenar
substitution coefficient
kolam kolam ikan kolam pendingin kolam pengoksidaan kolam renang kolam takungan kolektifisme kolinear koloid tanah hat
growth coefficient regression coefficient partial regression coefficient scatter coefficient
557
—
technical coefficient
-
fixed coefficient
-
leading coefficient
—
coefficient of variation
— -
— —
— — — — —
cofactor cofunction cohort actual cohort pond fish pond cooling pond oxidation pond swimming pool impounding reservoir collectivism collinear clay-colloid
kolum pangsi kolum pangsi kolum; ruangan; turus; pangsi kombinasi kombinasi cembung kombinasi faktor kos terendah
komponen ták nalar
—
pivot column
—
column
—
combination
—
convex combination
—
least-cost factor combination
kombinasi faktor optimum
-
kombinasi input
—
kombinasi input kos terendah kómbinasi input optimum kombinasi input! gabungan input kombinasi keluaran optimum kombinasi linear kombinasi mendatar kombinasi menegak
—
-
-
-
-
— —
kombinasi perusahaan kombinasi sumber optimum komisen bank komisen diterima komisen komoditi sumber ash komoditi utama/barangan utama kompaun kompaun mutagen kompleks kompleks bangunan kompleks membeli-belah kompleks pejabat kompleks perdagangan kompleks perindustrian komponen komponen bermusim komponen rambang komponen tak nalar
optimum combination of factors combination of input least-cost combination of input optimal combination of inputs input combination optimum product combination linear combination horizontal combination vertical combination 558
-
— — — — -
— — — — — — — — — — —
enterprise combination optimal combination of resources bank commission received commission commission natural resource commodity primary commodity compound mutagenic compound complex building complex shopping complex office complex commercial complex industrial complex component seasonal component çandom component irregular component
komponen utama
komponen utama komposisi komposisi barangan! komoditi permintaan komposisi barangan! komposisi komoditi komposisi barangan eksport/komposisi komoditi eksport komposisi eksport geografi komposisi hutang negara komposisi isi rumah komposisi kekayaan komposisi keluarga komposisi keuntungan komposisi penduduk komposisi udara komputer komunikasi dalaman komunikasi utama komunisme
konsep kejiranan
— — —
—
-
—
— — — — — — — — —
principal component composition commodity composition of demand commodity composition
komuniti komuniti biologi komuniti fosil komuniti kewangan komuniti perniagaan kon batu hangus kondominium konflik ekonomi konglomerat konglomerat hancur kongres/persidangan kongres kesatuan sekerja
commodity composition of export geographic composition of export public debt composition household composition wealth composition family composition profit composition population composition air composition computer internal communication main communication communism
kongsi beban konkretan bauksit konsainan - konsaini konsainor konsep asas konsep empangan besar konsep keanjalan konsep kejiranan 559
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
community biological community fossil community financial community business community cinder cone condominium economic conflict conglomerate crush conglomerate congress trade union congress burden sharing concretion of bauxite consignment consignee consignor basic concept big dam concept elasticity concept neighbourhood concept
‘k~nsepkestabilan harga
konsiren penawaran!kekangan penawaran
konsep Ie~tabilanharga
—
konsep pen~ksimuman
—
price stability concept maximization concept
konstren dual/kekangan dual
konsep pendapatan
—
income concept
konstren ekologi! kekangan ekologi konstren institusi/ kekangan iflstitusi
konsep perindustrian konsep puas sama
— —
industrial concept indifference concept
konsep Ricardo
—
konsep sut
—
Ricardian concept marginal concept
konsep tembereng terbuka
—
open segment concept
konsesi
—
concession
konsesi cukai
—
tax concession
konsesi minyak konsol konsortium konsortium bank konstren/kekangan konstren aktif konstren alam sekitar konstren belanjawan konstren bukan negatif! kekangan bukan negatif
— — —
— — — — —
konstren kapasiti konstren ketat/kekangan ketat konstren masa/kekangan masa
oil concession consol consortium
konstren modal
bank consortium constraint active constraint environmental constraint budget constraint non-negativity constraint
konstren output konstren output tetap konstren peluang
konstren moral/kekangan moral
konstren pembangunan/ kekangan pembangunan konstren penawaran/ kekangan penawaran 560
—
dual constraint
—
ecological constraint
—
institutional constraint
—
capacity constraint
—
tight ‘constraint
—
time constraint
—
capital constraint
—
moral constraint
-
output constraint fixed output constraint
—
chance constraint
—
—
—
constraint on development supply constraint
konstren perbelanjaan!kekangan perbelanjaan konstren perbelanjaan! kekangan perbelanjaan konstren perbelanjaan tetap/kekangan perbelanjaan tetap konstren peringkat kedua konstren primal konstren tak aktif/ kekangan tak aktif konstren tak linear konstren tak negatif! kekangan tak negatif konstren tak terikat konstren tambahan konstren terikat konstren untung/ kekangan untung konteks ruang sumber kontrak kontrak belian kontrak berbilang hala
—
outlay constraint
—
fixed outlay constraint
—
secondary constraint
—
primal constraint
—
inactive constraint
-
non-linear constraint
—
non-negative constraint
—
non-binding constraint
-
additional constraint
kontrak tanah kontrak formal kontrak harta benda benar kontrak jualan kontrak ke depan kontrak ke hadapan tunai kontrak kongsi pengeluaran kontrak kos-tokok bayaran tetap kontrak kos-tokok peratusan kontrak kredit
— —
— — — —
kontrak larang berkesatuan kontrak meroboh kontrak perkapalan -
binding constraint profit constraint -
spatial context of resource contract purchase contract multilateral contract
kontrak pertukaran ke hadapan kontrak serahan masa depan kontrak sosial kontrak tanah
561
-
formal contract real property contracts sales contract futures contract cash forward contract production sharing contract
-
cost-plus fixed-fee contract
— — — — —
—
—
—
cost-plus-percentage contract credit contract Yellow-dog contract
—
demolition contract shipping contract forward exchange contract
—
future delivery contract
— —
— —
social contract land contract
kontraktor
kontraktor kontraktor am kontraktor pelbagai kontraktor utama kontur keluaran kontur keluaran sama kontur output kontur upah koordinat koordinat segi empat bujur tepat koperasi ladang koperasi pemasaran koperasi pemasaran pertanian koperasi pembelian koperasi pengeluar koperasi penggux~ia koperasi perkhidmatan koperasi perkhidmatan pertanian
korelasi tak linear
— — — — — — — — —
— — —
—
— — — —
contractor general contractor miscellaneous contractor main contractor product contour iso-product contour output contour wage contour coordinate rectangular coordinate
koperasi perniagaan
—
business cooperative
korelasi berbilang
—
multiple correlation
korelasi bersiri
—
serial correlation
korelasi ekologi
-
ecological correlation
korelasi intrakelas
—
intraclass correlation
korelasi kanonik
—
canonical correlation
korelasi karut
-
nonsense correlation
korelasi langsung korelasi linear korelasi mudah korelasi negatif
farm cooperative marketing cooperative agricultural marketing cooperative purchasing cooperative
korelasi palsu korelasi pangkat korelasi positif korelasi separa/korelasi sebahagian
producer’s cooperative consumer cooperative service cooperative agricultural service cooperative
korelasi korelasi korelasi korelasi 562
sifat silang songsang tak linear
— —
direct correlation linear correlation
—
simple correlation negative correlation
—
spurious correlation
—
— — —
— — — —
rank correlation positive correlation partial correlation correlation of attribute cross-correlation inverse correlation non-linear correlation
korelogram
korelogram korelogram separa/ korelogram sebahagian
kos import sut
—
correlogram
kos berubah
—
partial correlogram
kos berubah purata kos boleh pisah
korolari
—
kos kos abnormal kos alternatif kos asal kos bahan kos bangunan kos belum habis kos benar kos berbanding kos berhubungan kos berhubungan terdiskaun kos berkurangan kos bersama kos bersejarah kos bertambahan
—
corollary cost
kos budi bicara kos buruh
—
abnormal cost
—
alternative cost
—
original cost
—
material cost
—
—
variable cost average variable cost
—
separable cost
—
discretitinary cost labour cost
kos buruh seunit
—
unit labour cost
kos cari gali
—
exploration cost
kos dan faedah komunikasi
—
building cost
kos dan faedah luaran
—
kos dan tambang
—
—
unexpired cost pain cost/real cost comparative cost
—
relevant cost
kos denda kos dijangka
—
discounted relevant cost
— —
—
— — —
decreasing cost
external costs and benefit cost and freight penalty cost anticipated cost
kos ekstraktif
—
extractive cost
kos faktor
—
factor cost
kos geseran kos import sut 563
communication cost and benefit
—
kos faktor purata kos faktor sut
common cost/joint cost historic cost increasing cost
—
—
— —
— —
average factor cost marginal factor cost cost of friction marginal import cost
kos input kos input kos input sut kos insurans dan tambang kos jangka panjang kos jentera kos kawalan pencemaran kos keanjalan kos kebajikan kos kebajikan herotan kos kebajikan kesatuan kastam kos kebajikan -kuota kos kebajikan monopoli kos kebajikan penyatuan kos kebajikan tarif kos kediaman/kos penghunian kos kelompok kos keluaran kos keluaran bersama kos keemasan
kos melepas sosial
—
— —
— — — — — — —
— — — — —
— — — —
input cost marginal input cost cost insurance and freight long-run cost machinery cost pollution-control cost elasticity cost welfare cost welfare cost of distortion welfare cost of custom union welfare cost of quota welfare cost of monopoly welfare cost of merger welfare cost of tariff cost of dwelling batch cost product cost joint product cost finishing cost 564
kos kos kos kos
kendalian kendalian telaga keseluruhan kesesakan
kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos
kesesakan per kapita ketakpastian kredit kuasa langsung lengai lepas lesap luaran
kos kos kos kos
malar masa masa tercepat melepas
— — —
—
— — —
— — — — — —
— — —
kos melepas masa
—
kos melepas sosial
—
operating cost well operating cost overall cost congestion cost/crowding cost per capita crowding cost cost of uncertainty cost of credit power cost direct cost downtime cost opportunity cost sunk cost external cost constant cost time cost crash cost alternative cost! opportunity cost time opportunity cost social opportunity cost
kos menganggar
kos menganggar kos mengganti kos menunggu kos modal kos modal ekuiti kos modal pengguna kos mutlak kos nominal kos normal kos output kos overhed kos pelaburan kos pemasaran kos pembangunan kos pembangunan tanah kos pembiakan kos pembuatan kos pembuatan tak langsung kos pemegangan kos pemegangan inventori
kos penggunaan tarif
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— —
estimating cost supersession cost waiting cost capital cost cost of equity capital user cost of capital absolute cost nominal cost normal cost output cost overhead cost investment cost marketing cost development cost land development cost reproduction cost manufacturing cost indirect manufacturing cost
kos pemilikan
—
ownership cost
kos pemihikan (inventori)
—
carrying cost (inventory)
kos peminjaman
—
borrowing cost
kos pemprosesan
—
processing cost
—
estate settlement cost
kos penempatan estet kos pengedaran kos pengekstrakan sut
—
distribution cost marginal extraction cost
kos pengeluaran
—
production cost
-
production cost of tariff
kos pengeluaran daripada tarif kos pengeluaran minimum kos pengeluaran purata kos pengeluaran semula
— —
minimum cost of production average production cost reproduction cost
—
running cost
kos penggantian
—
replacement cost
-
cost of drilling
kos pengguna kos penggunaan kos penggunaan tarif 565
—
kos pengendalian kos penggerudian
holding cost inventory holding cost
-
— —
user cost consumption cost consumption cost of tariff
kos penghijrahan bukan wang
kos penghijrahan bukan wang kos pengitaran semula sut kos pengitaran semula sut bersih kos penguncupan kos pengurangan pencemaran
kos sut
non-monetary cost of migration
kos perkilangan tak langsung
marginal recycling cost net marginal recycling cost
kos permulaan
—
initial cost
—
kos persendirian
-
private cost
kos pinjaman
—
loan cost
—
contracting cost
kos projek terdiskaun
—
—
pollution abatement cost
—
—
kos pentadbiran
-
administration cost
kos penyatuan
—
cost of merger
kos penyerapan kos penyesuaian
— —
—
isocost
—
flat cost
kos sara hidup kos sebenar
kos per ekar
—
cost per acre
kos perkhidmatan kilang kos perkhidmatan per kapita kos perkilangan
— - —
—
—
average cost average cost/average total cost
kos sama rata
compliance cost
—
—
discounted project cost collection cost
kos sama
—
—
—
indirect manufacturing cost
absorption cost adjustment cost
kos penyetujuan kos peredaan kos perkhidmatán
kos pungutan kos purata kos purata/jumlah kos purata
—
—
cost of living actual cost
—
cost of abatement service cost
kos sejarah
—
historical cost
kos sewaan modal
—
rental cost of capital
factory service cost per capita service cost
kos kos kos kos
manufacturing cost 566
simpanan sosial sosial sut sut
—
storage cost social cost marginal social cost
—
marginal cost
— —
kos sut berkurangan
kos sut berkurangan
kos sutjangka panjang kos sut langsung kos sut langsung terkompaun kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos kos
sut persendirian sut sosial tak boleh pisah tak langsung tak tertaksir tambahan tawar-menawar teranggar teraruh terendah terlunas tersirat tertadbir tertaksir
kredit cukai
—
— — —
—
— — — —~ — — — — —
— — — —
decreasing marginal cost/diminishing marginal cost long run marginal cost direct marginal cost compounded direct marginal cost
kos tetap kos tetap purata kos tokok kos unit kos unit piawai kos urus niaga kos usangan kos utama kosmos
-
private marginal cost social marginal cost inseparable cost indirect cost unmeasured cost incremental cost bargaining cost estimated cost induced cost least cost
kotak Edgeworth kotoran asap kenderaan bermotor kotoran haiwan -
amortized cost implicit cost administered cost imputed cost 567
kovarians kovarians terlat kredit kredit akaun terbuka kredit ansuran kredit bank kredit bayar dividen kredit cukai
— —
— — — — — — —
—
— — —
— — — — —
fixed cost average fixed cost cost-plus unit cost standard unit cost transaction cost cost of dilapidation prime cost cosmic Edgeworth box automotive emission animal waste covariance lagged covariance credit open account credit instalment credit bank credit dividend-paid credit tax credit
kredit cukai pelaburan
kredit cukai pelaburan kredit gadai janji kredit harta tanah kredit imbang balas kredit jangka panjang kredit jangka pendek kredit jangka pertengahan kreditjentera kredit kawat kredit ladang belum bayar kredit pelaburan kredit pembayaran semula kredit pendapatan diperoleh kredit pengguna kredit penggunaan kredit perdagangan kredit perniagaan kredit pertanian kredit pertunaian kredit pusingan
kriteria kualiti udara
— — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
investment tax credit mortgage credit real estate credit back to back credit long-term credit short-term credit intermediate-term credit machinery credit cable credit outstanding farm credit investment credit reimbursement credit earned income credit
kredit sandar tanah kredit saudagar kredit teraku kredit terawas kredit terhad kredit terima dividen kredit timbal balas krisis krisis bahan bakar krisis tenaga kriteria kriteria Abbe-Helmert kriteria bantuan kriteria ekonomi berteori
consumer credit consumption credit commercial credit business credit agricultural credit encashment credit revolving credit
kriteria faedah-kos kriteria kebajikan kriteria kecekapan kriteria keluar kriteria komposit kriteria kualiti udara 568
—
foncier credit merchant credit confirmed credit supervised credit blocked credit dividend-received credit countervailing credit crisis fuel crisis energy crisis criteria Abbe-Helmert criterion aid criterion theoretical-economic criteria benefit-cost criterion welfare criterion efficiency criteria exit criterion composite criteria
—
air quality criteria
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
kriteria nilai kini
kuasa air
— -
present value criteria
kriteria Pareto
-
Pareto criterion
kriteria pelaburan
—
investment criteria
kriteria pemecahan sen
—
tie-breaking criterion
kriteria nilai kini
kriteria pemfaktoran
—
factorization criteria
kriteria pencukaian
—
taxation criterion
kromium kuala kualiti air kuahiti alam sekitar kualiti boleh ukur kualiti estetik kualiti hidup kualiti muka saliran kualiti pertanian (keluaran) kuahiti seni bina kualiti sumber kualiti sungai kualiti udara
— — — —
— — — —
— — — —
-
chromium confluence water quality environmental quality measurable quality aesthetic quality quality of life stress stream quality agricultural quality architectural quality resource quality stream quality air quality 569
kualiti udara ambien kualiti/mutu kuantiti kuantiti asas kuantiti boleh eksploitasi kuantiti diminta kuantiti hampir kuantiti input kuantiti output kuantiti pemaksimuman untung kuantiti pesanan ekonomi kuantiti pesanan semula kuantiti wang kuari kuari batu kuari batu kapur kuari pasir kuartil/penyuku kuartil atas/penyuku atas kuasa air
— — — — -
— — — — — — — — —
ambient air quality - quality quantity basic quantity’ exploitable quantity quantity demanded approximate quantity input quantity output quantity profit maximizing quantity economic order quantity reorder quantity quantity of money quarry stone quarry limestone quarry sand quarry quartile upper quartile water power
kuasaujian
kuasa angin
kuasa angin kuasa awam kuasa belanja kuasa beli kuasa empunya kuasa geoterma kuasa hidroelektrik kuasa kawalan metropolitan kuasa kerajaan kuasa ketakseimbangan kuasa mekanik kuasa memuncak kuasa menaik kuasa mencukai kuasa menurun kuasa monopoli kuasa negara kuasa nuklear kuasa pasang surut kuasa pasaran
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
kuasa pasti kuasa pembelahan nuklear kuasa pencukaian persekutuan kuasa penyerapan
wind power public power spending power purchasing power proprietory power geothermal power hydroelectric power metropolitan dominance
kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa kuasa
government power disequilibrium force mechanical power peaking power ascending power taxing power descending power monopoly power state power nuclear power tidal power market power
peramalan perancangan perlembagaan persekutuan pewasiatan polis politik putaran spesifik simpanan sinaran tak dieksploitasi tawar-menawar
kuasa termoelektrik kuasa timbal balas kuasa ujian 570
— — —
-
— — — — — — — — — — -
firm power nuclear fission power federal taxing power absorbing power! absorption power forecasting power planning power constitutional power federal power bequesthing power police power political power specific rotary power reserve power radiant power unexploited power bargaining power
-
thermoelectric power countervailing power
—
power of test
—
kuasi-pegun kuasi-pegun
kuota pengeluaran
—
quasi-stationary
kumpulan hasil bahagi
kuasi-stabil
—
quasi-stable
kuat kuasa
—
enforce
kumpulan keluaran kumpulan kemiskinan kumpulan minoriti kumpulan penyeliaan kumpulan perindustrian dan buruh kasar kumpulan sut kumpulan tak bersaing kumpulan udara panas kumpulan uji kaji kumpulan umur kumulatif kunci kira-kira kunci kira-kira disatukan kuota kuota eksport kuota import kuota jualan kuota pemasaran kuota pengeluaran
kubah garam kukup kulapuk kulit kulit tiram kultur ikan kultur kolam kumbahan kumbahan dalam negeri kumpulan analisis nilai kumpulan Andean kumpulan berselang-seli kumpulan buruh simpanan kumpulan buruh simpanan perindustrian kumpulan dinamik kumpulan etnik
—
salt-dome
-
sand bank
—
— — — —
— — — —
— —
—
— —
mould leather oyster shell fish culture pond culture sewage domestic sewage value analysis group Andean group alternating group reserve army of labour industrial reserve army of labour dynamic group ethnic group 571
— — — —
— — — — — — —
— — — -
quotient group product group poverty group minority group supervisory group industrial and manual group marginal group non-competing group warm air mass experimental group. age group cumulative balance sheet consolidated balance sheet quota export quota import quota sales quota marketing quota production quota
kuota permulaan
kuota permulaan kuota tarif kupon kuprum karbonat kuprum kiorida kuprum nitrat kuprum porfiri kuprum sianida kuprum sulfat kurang maju/kurang membanguzi kurang nilai kurang pelaburan kurang pembangunan/ kurang kemajuan
kurtosis
— — — — — — — — —
— — —
initial quota tariff quota coupon copper carbonate copper chloride copper nitrate porphyry copper copper cyanide copper sulphate underdeveloped
kurang pemuliharaan kurang penaksiran harta benda kurang penawaran kurang penduduk kurang penggunaan kurang penggunaan dengan pencatuan kurang penggunaan sumber kurang tabungan kurang zat makanan kurangan pemilik kurtosis
undervalue underinvestment underdevelopment
572
— —
—
—
—
— — — —
underconservation under-assessment of property undersupply under population underconsumption! underutilization underconsumption with rationing resource underutilization undersaving malnutrition owner’s deficit kurtosis
laba
laluan pengembangan kos terendah
L laba
—
gain
—
trend gains
—
gains from trade
laba inflasi
—
inflationary gains
laba inventori
—
laba arah aliran laba daripada perdagangan
laba modal jangka panjang laba modal jangka pendek laba modal/keuntungan modal laba output label persendirian (j~nama) ladang kecil ladang keluarga perdagangan ladang pawah ladang perdagangan ladang tenusu ladang ternak
— —
— —
— —
— — —
—
lagun lahir-mati laissez-faire lakar gambar rajah lalu lintas kereta api lalu lintas langsung lalu lintas masa sesak lalu lintas masa sibuk
inventory gains long-term capital gains short-term capital gains
lalu lintas penumpang lalu lintas udara lalu lintas utama laluan air semula jadi laluan jalan kaki laluan keseimbangan laluan konservatif laluan masa laluan pengembangan
capital gain output gains private label (brands) small farm commercial family farm crop-share farm commercial farm dairy farm
laluan pengembangan input laluan pengembangan kos terendah
ranch 573
—
lagoon still birth laissez-faire diagramatic sketch railway traffic through traffic peak-hour traffic rush-hour traffic passenger traffic air traffic main traffic artery natural water course pedestrian ways equilibrium path conservative path time path expansion path
-
input expansion path
—
least cost expansion path
— — — — — — — — — — -
laluan pengembangan output laluan pengembangan output laluan pertanian laluan pertumbuhan terimbang lambak lambakan lambakan barter! larnbakan tukar barang lampau tempoh lampu isyarat lampu jalan
—
laporan penyiasatan output expansion path
—
agricultural access
-
balanced growth path
—
dump
—
dumping
lantukan/timbunan lapangan terbang kecil lapisan arang batu lapisan batu besi lapisan berselang-seli lapisan ozon lapisan pertumbuhan lapisan laporan akhir laporan am laporan awal laporan bulion laporan ekonomi laporan kedudukan! laporan situasi laporan kemajuan laporan penilaian laporan prestasi laporan interim laporan pemeriksaan laporan penyiasatan
barter dump —
overdue
—
traffic light
landasan kereta api
—
street light railway line
landasan lapangan terbang
-
airport runway
landasan terbang
—
runway
langganan
—
patronage
langgar sempadan
—
encroachment
langkah mempermulakan
—
initialization step
langkah sementara
—
temporary measure
lantanum
—
lanthanum
—
574
— — — —~ — — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
backlog air strip coal level level of ironstone alternative layer ozone layer growth ring stratum final report general report preliminary report bullion report economic report situation report progress report appraisal report performance report interim report inspection report investigation report
—n larangan larian air larian modal larian permukaan larut lesap larutan garam ash larutan gararn kawasan minyak larutan pekat larutan pencuci lat lat Lundberg lat pengecaman
lebiban diperoleh
— —
—
capital flight surface run-off leach natural brine
—
oil field brine
— —
— —
— —
—
lat penyerahan
—
lat polinomial
—
hat teragih latar belakang fizikal latent latihan semasa kerja latihan tenaga manusia
prohibition run-off water
— —
— — —
laut lepas lautan layan din layanan bermusim layanan negara keutamaan layanan rambang lebat hujan lebih kurang lebih masa lebih nilaian lebih-pada lebihan beban pengguna lebihan belanjawan lebihan bersih lebihan boleh labur lebihan boleh pasar lebihan buruh lebihan diasingkan lebihan dipasarkan
concentrated solution cleaning solution lag Lundbergian lag recognition lag delivery lag polynomial lag distributed lag physical background laterite on-the-job training manpower training
lebihan diperoleh 575
—
high sea ocean self-service seasonal serving most-favoured-nation treatment random service rainfall intensity approximately overtime overvaluation redundant consumer excess burden budget surplus net surplus investible surplus marketable surplus labour surplus appropriated surplus marketed surplus
—
acquired surplus
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — -
lebihan ekonomi
lebihan ekonomi lebihan eksport lebihan guna tenaga lebihan ladang lebihan luar negeri
lembaga perancangan bersama
—
economic surplus
lejar
—
ledger
—
export surplus
lejar jualan
—
sales ledger
-
employment surplus
lelar Cochran-Orcutt
—
Cochran-Orcutt iteration
—
farm surplus
lelaran
—
iteration
—
external surplus
lelong
—
auction
float free float
lelong Belanda
—
Dutch auction
lebihan masa lebihan masa bebas lebihan modal lebihan pangkasan lebihan pembeli lebihan pengeluar lebihan pengguna lebihan perdagangan lebihan pertanian (keluanan) hebuh raya ledakan penduduk
— — —
—
producer’s surplus consumer surplus trade surplus agricultural surplus
-
highway
— — —
—
lelong berlesen lehong pampasan
capital surplus truncation remainder buyer’s surplus
lelong rasional lelong tel-o lema lema Neyman-Pearson
—
legaan pengangguran
-
wage explosion unemployment relief
legeh
—
watershed
licenced auction compensation auction
—
lemak
—
fat
lembaga bandaran
-
town board
lembaga perancangan bersama 576
—
rational auction tel-o-auction lemma Neyman-Pearson lemma
lembaga kredit ladang lembaga ladang persekutuan lembaga pemasaran
population explosion
ledakan upah
—
— — —
— —
—
—
farm credit board federal farm board marketing board joint planning board
Iembah lembah lembah benlanar Iembah mati lembah sungai lembangan (saliran darat) lembangan batuàn lembangan darat lembangan kawah lembangan sungai lembangan tadah lembangan tadahan lembangan tak berenap lembaran gundal lembaran kerja luar lembaran pemasang lembaran simpanan bank lembu tenusu lencongan lengkungan Thunen lengkuk keanjalan permintaan
leveraj
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
—
valley alluvial valley blind valley river valley basin (inland drainage) rock basin inland basin crater basin river basin
lengkung linear
—
curvilinear
leptokurtik
—
leptokurtic
lesen eksport
—
export licence
lesen import
—
import licence
lesen penangkapan ikan lesen pendudukan sementara
catch basin catchment basin desilting basin tally sheet field sheet assembler sheet bank pass sheet dairy cow detour/diversion Thunen ring
577
—
fishing licence temporary occupation licence
lesitin
—
lecithin
letak kereta luarjalan
—
off-street parking
letak kereta tepi jalan letakan letakan ekonomi letakan industri letakan lelong letakan penindustnian letakan saluran letakan simpanan letakan uji kaji
arc elasticity of demand
—
—
street parking location economic location location of industry auction location industrial location channel location storage ‘.ication
— — — — — — —
—
location of experiment
letupan
-
explosion
leveraj
—
leverage
levi berubah
levi berubah levi modal levi pembaikan (tanah)
logani respirasi
—
variable levy
linear
—
capital levy
lintasan lintasan kereta api
1.iabiliti
—
betterment levy (land) liability
liabiliti antarabangsa
—
international liability
hiabihiti bersama
—
liabihiti jangka pendek liabiliti semasa liabihiti terhad liabiliti undang-undang liberalisme liberalisme kewangan lien dijamin Liga Bangsa-bangsa lignit limbungan kapal limpahan himpahan; limpah himpahan geografi hindungan automatik
—
— — — —
— — — -
— — — —
— —
hintasan rata hintasan rata terbuka
—
linear
—
crossing
—
railway crossing
— —
level crossing open level crossing
joint liability
lintasan saliran
—
drainage crossing
short-term liability current liability limited liability legal liability
lipoprotein
-
lipoprotein
—
public recreation
lipur din awam/rekreasi awam
liberalism financial liberalism bailee’s lien League of Nations
lipur din di luar
-
hiputan
—
liputan tambahan
—
lignite shipyard overspill over flow
hitium litosfera lobi logam logam berat
geographical spillover automatic cover 578
open air recreation! outdoor recreation coverage incremental coverage
-
lithium lithosphere lobby metal heavy metal
logam nadir bumi
—
rare earth metal
logam respirasi
—
respiratory metal
— —
logam salut
logam salut logam skrap logan tma logaritma ash logaritma biasa loji loji elektnik atom loji elektnik terma loji kuasa atom loji kuasa bahan bakar fosil loji kuasa elektrik loji kuasa elektnikgeoterma loji kuasa hidro loji kuasa mini-hidro loji pemasang loji pemasangan loji pembauran gas loji pembersih pembetungan loji pembungkusan
lokus
— — — — — —
clad metal scrap metal logarithm natural logarithm common logarithm plant atomic electricity plant thermal electric plant
—
atomic power plant fossil fuel power plant electric power plant geothermal-electric power plant hydro-power plant mini-hydro power plant assembler plant assembly plant gas diffusion plant sewerage treatment plant
—
packing plant
— — — —
— — — —
loji pemulih etana loji pemulihan kumbahan loji penapis gasolin loji penapis hidropenyesuaian
— — -
loji penapis sumber loji penapis toping loji penapisan loji penapisan kawasan pengguna loji penapisan minyak loji penapisan pertengahan loji pencairan loji pengasingan garam loji pengeluaran gas loji pengurangan aluminium loji peningkatan mutu loji prototaip loji teras lokus 579
ethane recovery plant sewage treatment plant gasoline refinery hidroskimming refinery resource refinery
— — —
— — — —
topping refinery refinery consuming area refinery oil refinery intermediate refinery hiquef~’ingplant desalination plant gas production plant aluminium reduction plant
—
enrichment plant prototype plant dominant plant
—
locus
— —
lokus kecekapan
lokus kecekapan lokus kecekapan penggunaan lokus kos hombong arang batu lombong dedah
lurah tenggelam
—
efficiency locus
lot makan penggemuk
—
fattening feedlot
-
consumption efficiency locus
lot makanan
—
feed lot
lot perumahan
—
housing lot
—
cost locus
lot rumah
—
house lot
—
coal mine/colliery
loyang
—
brass
—
rural
lombong garam
—
open pit salt mine
lombong telerang
—
lode mine
luar bandar/desa luar jangka/kontingensi luar kawasan ladang
open-pit mining inflationary gap
luar musim lubang air
lombong terbuka lompang inflasi/jurang infiasi
—
—
lompatan generasi
-
longgokan penggunaan
—
generation skipping consumption bundle
lorong
—
aisle
lorong belakang
—
back lane
lorong jalan kaki lorong jalan kaki awam lorong lahu lintas lot bangunan lot letak kereta
—
— —
lubang kening lubang lombong
— —
— —
— —
luluhawa kimia lumpur dandang
foot-path public footpath traffic lane
lunah lunah gelinciran lurah glasier lurah gunung
building lot parking lot
lurah muda lurah tenggelam 580
contingency off-farm off-season water hole dry hole mining hole chemical weathering boiler mud
— — — —
valley rift valley glaciated valleys mountain valley young valley drowned valley
magnesium
makium balas
M
majoriti mudah; lebih suara
magnesium
—
magnesium
mahkamah penindustnian
—
industrial court
mahogani
—
mahogany
majikan
—
employer
majlis bandaran
—
town council
majlis daerah
—
district council
majlis daerah luar bandar
—
rural district council
Majlis Penasihat Petroleum Kebangsaan majhis perancangan pembangunan negara majlis sinaran persekutuan
-
—
—
maju segi ekonomi makan dikandang makan tabungan makanan asasi makanan bgirin makanan bgirin kacukan makanan haiwan tambahan
National Petroleum Advisory Council national development planning council
makanan haiwan makanan masa tersingkat
federal radiation council
simple majority
—
economically developed
-
pen-feeding dissaving
-
staple food
-
feed grain hybrid feed grain supplementary feed
— — -
—
animal feed least time ration
makanan remeh
-
junk food
makanan ruji
-
staple food
makanan segera makanan tak tulen
majhis sosej
—
sausage council
Majhis Tanah Negara
—
National Land Council
Majhis Timah Antarabangsa
—
International Tin Council
majlis upah
—
wage council
makanan ternakan dibehi maklum balas negatif maklum balas positif
majmuk
—
compound
maklum balas 581
-
—
fast food adulterated food
-
—
purchased feed negative feedback positive feedback
—
feedback
— —
-
makiumat apriori
margin kendalian
makiumat apriori
—
apriori information
malar hijau
—
maklumat hilang
—
missing information
malation
—
makiumat keratan silang
—
cross section information
mamalia samudera
—
malathion marine mammal
makhumat kuahitatif
—
qualitative information
mampu bayar
—
solvent
makhumat luaran
—
extraneous information
maklumat pasaran
—
mampti diri mampu din segi ekonomi
—
makiumat pemasaran maklumat penuh maklumat sempurna maklumat tambahan makiumat terdahuhu makroekonomi
—
market information marketing information
—
full information
—
perfect information
—
ancillary information
-
prior information
—
macroeconomics
makrokewangan
—
macrofinance
maksima
—
maxima
maksiman maksimin maksimum tempatan
—
maximand maximin local maximum
maksimum
—
maximum
malar
—
constant
— -
mampu din tenaga mandat dividen manganum mangkin kimia manifes kapal manifesto komunis manusia ekonomi margin margin ekonomi margin ekstensif margin margin margin margin 582
harga-kos intensif kasar kendalian
—
— -
—
— —
— — — —
— — — -
evergreen
self-sufficiency economic self-sufficiency energy self-sufficiency devidend mandate manganese chemical catalyst ship’s manifest communist manifesto economic man margin economic margin extensive margin price-cost margin intensive margin gross margin operating margin
margin keselamatan tunai
margin keselamatan tunai margin keuntungan dan pemasaran margin pemasaran margin penawaran margin perancangan margin permintaan margin untung
masa-ke-puncak cash safety margin
masa lapang
—
leisure
masa lat
—
lag-time
masa layanan
—
service time
—
profit and marketing margin marketing margin
-
supply margin
masa lebih tak bersandan
-
independent float
planning margin
masa menuai
—
time of harvest
demand margin profit margin marginahism
masa pemberhentian
-
stopping time
masa penggantian
—
replacement time
masa penggiliran
—
queueing time
masa penghunian
—
occupation time
masa selanjar
—
continuous time
—
time of gain
masa terbian
—
idle time
masa tercepat
—
crash time
masa tunggu
—
lead time
—
stochastic lead time
—
time-to-peak
—
-
-
-
marginalisme
—
marijuana
—
—
marijuana inter-arrival time recurrent time
masa berulaug ke hadapan
—
forward recurrence time
masa berulang mm
—
masa antara ketibaan masa berulang
—
masa buruh perlu segi sosial masa diskret
masa tambah berat (ternakan)
mean recurrence time socially necessary labour time
masa gerak balas
—
discrete time response time
masa kemarau genting
—
critical dry period
masa tunggu serahan stokastik
masa kerja
—
occupation time
masa-ke-puncak 583
masalah alam sekitar antarabangsa
masalah alam sekitar antarabangsa
—
masalah mikroekonomi
international environmental problem
masalah imbuhan
—
augmented problem
masalah inventori
—
inventory problem
environmental problem
masahah jurujual kembara
—
—
ruin problem
—
auction operating problem
masalah alam sekitar
—
masalah aliran tunai
—
cash flow problem
—
interjurisdictional problem
masalah kemusnahan
bottom-up problem (planning)
masalah kendahian lelong masalah keputusan berjujukan
masalah antara bidang kuasa masalah bawah ke atas (perancangan) masalah berbilang keputusan
—
multi-decision problem
masalah keputusan dalam ketakpastian
—
non-economic problem
—
feed-mixed problem
masalah keputusan dalam risiko -
masalah carian
—
search problem
masalah dual
-
dual problem
masalah ekonomi
—
economic problem
masalah empirik
—
empirical problem
masalah bukan ekonomi inasalah campuran makanan
masalah genting masalah guna tanah masalah harga-penawaran
—
masalah keputusan statistik
— —
—
masalah ketepatan penentuan harga masalah kewangan masalah keyakinan masalah layanan
knife-edge problem land-use problem price-supply problem 584
—
—
-
travelling salesman problem
sequential decision problem decision problem under certainty decision problem under risk
—
statistical decision problem
—
pricing accuracy problem
—
financial problem confidence problem servicing problem
masalah makroekonomi
—
macroeconomic problem
masalah mikroekonomi
—
microeconomic problem
— —
masalah nilai sempadan masalah nilai sempadan masalah pelarasan; masalah penyesuaian •masalah pemadanan masalah pembiayaan awam masalah pemunggahan masalah pencemaran sungai masalah penduduk masalah penelahan masalah penentuan harga lelong masalah penentuan harga margin masalah penentuan harga masalah pengagihan masalâh pengagregatan masalah pengangkutan masalah pengangkutan hala balik masalah pengangkutan tak terimbang
masalah pertanian eksogen
— —
— — —
— — -
—
— —
—
boundary value problem adjustment problem
masalah pengasingan harga
matching problem public finance problem transhipment problem stream pollution problem population problem prediction problem auction pricing problem
—
price exclusion problem
masalah pengecutan
-
shrinkage problem
masalah pengenalpastian
—
identification prob!em
masalah penggantian
—
replacement problem
masalah penghijrahan
—
migration problem
masalah penghunian
—
occupancy problem
masalah penguatkuasaan
—
enforcement problem
masalah pengumpulan
-
accumulation problem
—
farm management problem
-
administrative problem
masalah pengurusan ladang
pricing-out problem
masalah pentadbiran masalah penugasan
pricing problem distribution problem aggregation problem transportation problem back-haul transportation problem unbalanced transportation problem
masalah penumpang percuma masalah peramalan masalah persekitaran sejagat masalah pertanian eksogen
585
—
assignment problem
—
free-rider problem
—
forecasting problem
—
—
global environmental problem exogenous agricultural problem
masalah pertanian endogen
masalah pertanian endogen masalah primal masalah selepas keoptimuman masalah tak linear terkonstren!masalah tak linear terkekang masalah tak terbatas masalah transformasi mastautin masuk dulu keluar dulu masyarakat masyarakat agresif masyarakat haiwan masyarakat kelas menengah
mata wang terlebih nilai
—
-
—
endogenous agricultural problem primal problem post-optimality problem constrained nonlinear problem
—
unbounded problem transformation prqblem
—
domicile
—
— — — — —
masyarakat perindustrian masyarakat primitif! masyarakat kuno masyarakat tani masyarakat tanpa cek
industrial society primitive society peasant society chequeless society
mata air panas
—
hot spring
mata wang
—
currency
mata wang bank mata wang boleh laras mata wang dalam edaran maui wang Eropah mata wang penting mata wang perpuluhan
masyarakat majmuk
—
plural society
masyarakat makiumat
—
information society
mata wang rizab mata wang sandaran mata wang terhad
masyarakat mewah
—
leisure society/affluent society
mata wang terkurang nilai mata wang terlebih nilai 586
—
—
mata wang anjal mata wang antarabangsa
first in first out (FIFO) community aggressive society animal society middle class society
—
—
— —
— —
— —
— —
elastic currency international currency bank currency adjustable currency currency in circulation Eurocurrency key currency decimal currency
—
reserve currency backing currency blocked currency
—
undervalued currency
—
over-valued currency
— —
mata wang terurus
maui wang terurus mata wang utama matan
matriks pasli positif
—
managed currency hard currency
matriks bersimetri matriks dwistokastik
—
material
matriks ganda dua matriks ganjaran matriks idempoten
—
— —
symmetric matrix double stochastic matrix
-
mathematics of response goal
—
square matrix payoff matrix idempotent matrix
matlamat ekonomi
—
economic goal
matriks identiti
-
identity matrix
matlamat ladang
—
farm goals
matriks imbuhan
—
augmented matrix
matlamat organisasi
—
organizational goal
matlamat pembangunan
—
development goal
matlamat pemilikan
—
ownership goal
matriks insidens matriks keamatan matriks keputusan
—
incidence matrix intensity matrix decision matrix
—
regret matrix covariance matrix
matematik gerak balas matlamat
—
— —
— —
matlamat pengagihan
—
distributional goal
matriks kesal
matlamat pertanian
—
agricultural pursuit
matriks kovarians
—
matriks maklumat Fisher
—
Fisher’s information matrix negative-definite matrix negative-semi definite matrix
matlamat sosial
—
social ends
matlamat sosioekonomi
—
socio-economic goal
matlamat warisan
—
inheritance goal
matriks
—
matrix
matriks adjoin
-
adjoint matrix
matriks ortogonal
-
matriks berautokorelasi
—
autocorrelated matrix
matriks pasti negatif
-
orthogonal matrix negative definite matrix
matriks berpetak
—
partitioned matrix
matriks pasti positif
—
positive definite matrix
matriks negatif-pasti matriks negatif-separa pasti
587
— —
matriks pensuisan
matriks pensuisan matriks pepenjuru matriks peralihan nialar matriks permainan matriks pertukaran matriks positif-separa pasti
medan persiaran
—
switching matrix
matriks untung
-
diagonal matrix
matriks Hesse
—
constant transition matrix
matriks Leontief maya wang
— — —
matriks reka bentuk matriks satu
-
—
matriks segi tiga atas
—
segi tiga bawah serakan sifar singular skalar songsang stokastik tak singular transpos unit
positive-semi definite matrix
—
—
— — — — — — — — —
triangular matrix upper triangular matrix
—
-
Banking School
mazhab ekonomi sejarah
—
ru~dan(plaza) medan bandar medan handar raya medan harang buruk medan bertertib
lower triangular matrix dispersion matrix zero matrix singular matrix scalar matrix inverse matrix stochastic matrix non-singular matrix transpose matrix unit matrix
medan letak kereta penghuni
588
Hessian matrix
Mazhab Bank
mazhab klasik mazhab pemikiran pareto medan hasil bahagi
unitary matrix
profit matrix Leontief matrix money illusion
—
design matrix
matriks segi tiga matriks matriks matriks matriks matriks matriks matriks matriks matriks matriks
game matrix exchange matrix
—
historical school of economics
—
classical school
—
Paretian school
—
quatient field
— — — — -
square (plaza) town square city square. junkyard ordered field
—
residents car park
medan membeli-belah
—
shopping precinct
medan minimum
—
minimal field
medan persiaran
—
mall
media
membuat keputusan
media
-
media
media am, sebaran am
—
mass media
media pengikianan
—
advertising media
media pertukaran median medium buangan megalopolis meja perdagangan mekanisme aliran hargaspesies mekanisme aliran spesies mekanisme emas automatik mekanisme emas
—
medium of exchange median
-
discharge medium
—
— —
—
—
automatic gold mechanism
—
gold mechanism
—
mekanisme kawalan sendiri
—
mekanisme langsung mekanisme pasaran
price-species flow mechanism species-flow mechanism
—
— —
mekanisme peruntukan mekanisme tak langsung melabur melambung melarut lesap melengkapkan ganda dua melukis pelan keratan memaksimum output memaksimumkan membandarkan membangun membatalkan membersihkan membilang membuat keputusan
megalopolis trading desk
—
mekanisme gerak balas fizikal mekanisme harga
mekanisme pelarasan pendapatan mekanisme pembayaran mekanisme penghantaran mekanisme penyeimbangan
physical mechanism of response price mechanism self-regulating mechanism direct mechanism market mechanism 589
—
— — -
— — — — — — — — — — — —
income adjustment mechanism payment mechanism transmission mechanism equilibrating mechanism allocative mechanism indirect mechanism invest (to) boom leaching completing the square sectioning maximizing output maximizing urbanize developing nullifi (to) clearing counting decision making
membuat keputusan dalam ketakpastian
membuat keputusan dalam ketakpastian membuat keputusan dalam risiko membuat keuntungan membungkus; pembungkusan memerangi kemiskinan memerenggan memerihalkan
decision making under certainty
menara pendingin hiperbola
-
decision making under risk
m~narapendingin menyejat
—
profit making
—
packing
—
war on poverty
—
— —
memilik negara
—
meminimum kos
—
mempelbagai
-
memperaku memperbesar pengeluaran memperkitarkan memusatkan peynasaran
mengguna modal
—
— —
demarcate description nationalize minimizing cost certify production build-up encyclical centralizing of marketing
men aik
—
ascending
menaksir
—
assess (to)
menanda sempadan
—
demarcate
hyperbolic cooling tower
—
evaporative cooling tower
menawar
-
bargain
mencari keuntungan
—
profit seeking
mencepatkan
—
accelerate
mendatar
-
horizontal
mendeflasi harga
-
deflating price
menentu sempadan
—
delineate
mengambil risiko
—
risk taking
menganggar mengangkut secara kokko
diversify
—
—
—
mengemas kini jadual input-output mengeringkan; pembiasaan mengetin/pengetinan mengewangkan mengguna modal 590
-
-
—
—
estimating piggyback hauling updating of input-output table seasoning canning monetizing capital using
menghasil tanibah
menghasil tambah menghitung/mengira mengikut kos; pada kos mengilang/membuat mengimbangkan akaun mengindustrikan mengorek menguasai mengufuk mengumpul mengun tukkan menilai menjangka mentah menurun perlahan menutup pinjaman menyelia menyewa merkantil merkantihisme merkaptan
mm berharmoni
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
summing up compute (to) at cost manufacture (to) balancing an account industrialize dredging dominate (to) horizontal accumulate (to) allocate (to) appraise (to) evaluate (to) anticipate (to) raw dies down closing the loan supervise renting mercantile mercantilism mercaptan
merkaptan metil merosot merumput mesin daftar tunai mesin kira mesosfera metabohisme kalsium metalurgi metana metemoglobinemia meteor metoksiklor mikroekonomi mikrokewangan mikroskrin milorganit mm am mm aritmetik berwajaran mm aritmetik mm banjir tahunan mm berharmoni 591
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
methyl mercaptan degenerate weeding cash register calculating machine mesosphere calcium metabolism metallurgy methane methemoglobinemia meteor methoxychlor microeconomics microfinance microscreen milorganite general mean weighted arithmetic mean arithmetic mean mean annual flood harmonic mean
mm berwajaran
mm mm
berwajaran geometri berwajaran
mm geometrm mm harmonic berwajaran mm kuadratik mm sampel mm sifar mm tak diketahui mm tatasusunan mm minat membehi mineral bukan logam! galian bukan logam
mobilisasi sumber
— — — — — — — — — —
mineral nadir bumi/galian nadir bumi mineral radioaktif mineral tak sesuai mineral tegasai~i/galian tegasan minggu kerja minimaks
weighted mean weighted geometric mean geometric mean weighted harmonic mean quadratic mean sample mean zero mean unknown mean mean of an array mean eagerness to buy non-metallic mineral
minimum minimum tempatan minimum terendah minor; kecil; bawah umur minor utama minyak berat minyak bunker minyak dalam tempat minyak kurang sulfur minyak mentah minyak mentah berat minyak mentah manis minyak mentah masam minyak mentah ringan minyak mentah sederhana minyak pembakar minyak sisa minyak syal minyak tanah mohihisasi mobilisasi sumber
rare earth mineral — —
— -
radioactive mineral incompatible use stress mineral work week minimax 592
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
mmnimum local minimum lowest minimum minor principal minor heavy-oil bunker-oil oil-in-place low-sulphur oil crude oil heavy crude oil sweet crude sour crude light crude oil medium crude oil fuel oil residual oil shale oil kerosene mobilization resource mobilization
mobihti
mobihiti mobihiti buruh mobiliti geografi mobihiti mendatar mobiliti pekerjaan modal modal bebas modal bebas risiko modal berbayar modal berdaftar modal berisiko modal bersih modal boleh tebus modal dibenarkan modal dividen awam modal ekuiti modal fizikal modal hutang modal individu modal jangka panjang modal kerja
modal syer
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — -
mobility labour mobility geographical mobility horizontal mobility occupational mobility capital free capital risk-free capital paid-up capital registered capital risk capital net capital redeemable capital authorized capital public dividend capital equity capital physical capital debt capital individual capital long-term capital working capital
modal modal modal modal modal modal modal modal
kewangan ladang lesap malar manusia mihikan nominal overhed sosial
modal panggilan modal pengeluar modal persendirian modal persendirian; modal swasta modal pertanian modal pinjaman modal pusingan modal sekuriti modal semasa modal semula jadi modal sosial modal syer 593
— — — — — — —
— — — -
— — — — — — — —
financial capital farm capital sunk capital constant capital human capital owned capital nominal capital social overhead capital called up capital producer’s capital personal capital private capital agricultural capital borrowed capital circulating capital security capital current capital natural capital social capital share capital
modal tambahan
modal tambahan modal terapung modal tetap modal tetap dalam negeri kasar modal wang model model agregat model antara wilayah model aspirasi model autoregresif model autoregresif langkah demi langkah model baris menunggu model belanjawan model bentuk terkurang model berbilangtempoh model bermusim berdaraban umum model berprobabiliti! model kebarangkalian
model gunaan tanah Vunn-Thunen
— — —
—
— — — — —
— — —
—
auxiliary capital floating capital fixed capital
model bersaingan
—
competitive model
model binomial rantaian
—
chained binomial model
-
Box-Jenkins model
model Box-Jenkins model campuran
gross domestic fixed capital
model campuran autoregresif purata bergerak
money capital model aggregate model interregional model aspiration model autoregressive model stepwise autoregressive model
—
mixed model mixed autoregressive moving average model
model carian
—
search model
model dinamik
—
dynamic model
—
two variable input model
model dua input berubah model dua jurang model ekonometrik model enapan Stanford
waiting line model budget model reduced-form model multiperiod model general multiplicative seasonal model
model fungsi umum model ganda dua terkecil klasik
probabilistic model
model gunaan tanah VunnThunen
model gerak balas model gihiran pukal model graviti
594
-
—
-
— —
— —
—
two-gap model econometric model Stanford sediment model general-function model classical least-square model model of response bulk queue model graviti model Vtrnn-Thunen land use model
model halangan peluang
model klasik
model halangan peluang
—
model Harrod-Domar
—
Harrod-Domar model
model hipotetik
-
hypothetical model
model holistik
—
holistic model
model imbangan bahan
—
model inventori
—
model inventori berketen tuan model inventori dinamik model inventori kajian semula berkala model inventori setempoh
model mnventorm statik model inventori stokastik model isi rumah pertanian model jangkaan mudah suai
—
—
—
-
— — —
—
intervening opportunity model
model jangkaan mudah suai Cagan model jangkaan regresif model jenis graviti model jurang model kacukan model kawalan optimum model keadaan mantap model keagregatan model kebolehpercayaan model kegagalan model kelahiran tulen model kematian tulen model keputusan Markov model kesan rambang model kesan sifar model keseluruhan model Keynes model kitaran Kalecki model klasik
material balance model inventory model deterministic inventory model dynamic inventory model periodic review inventory model one-period inventory model/single period inventory model static inventory model stochastic inventory model model of agricultural household adaptive expectation model 595
—
—
— — — — — — — — — — — —
Cagan’s adaptive expectation model regressive expectation model
-
gravity-type model gap model hybrid model optimal control model~ steady state model aggregative model reliability model failure model pure-birth model pure-death model Markovian decision model random effect model zero effect model overall model Keynesian model Kalecki’s cycle model classical model
model komunikasi
model komunikasi model konstren/model kekangan model kos model lat arbitrari/model lat sembarangan model hat geometri model hat kompaun model lat tertabur model legeh model lengkap model Leontief model Leontief dinamik model Leontief statik model limpahan ruang model linear peringkat pertama model log linear model makroekonomi model matematik
model pemprograman berbilang sektor
—
communication model
-
constraint model
—
cost model
—
arbitrary lag model
-
geometric lag model
-
compound lag model
-
distributed-lag model
— — —
static Leontief model spatial spill-over model
—
first-order linear model
—
log linear model
—
model modal pusingan model neokiasik model persimoni model pegun model pelarasan bersaingan model pelarasan harga bersaingan model pelarasan separa! model pelarasan sebahagian model pelarasan separa Nerlove model pelarasan stok model pembidaan model pemprograman model pemprograman berbilang sektor
watershed model complete model Leontiefmodel dynamic Leontief model
—
-
model matematik berketentuan model minimummaksimum
macroeconomic model mathematical model 596
—
-
— — — — —
—
—
—
— — — —
deterministic mathematical model mm-max model circulating capital model neo-classical model parsimonious model stationary model competitive adjustment model competitive price adjustment model partial adjustment model
Nerlove’s partial adjustment model stock adjustment model bidding model programming model multisectoral programming model
model pemprograman berbilang wilayah
model pemprograman berbilang wilayah model pemprograman mateinatik model pemunggahan model penalti model pencepat model pengendalian model peugganda model penggandapencepat
-
multiregional programming model
—
mathematical programming model transhipment model
-
penalty model
—
—
accelerator model operational model
-
multiplier model
—
—
—
queueing model
model pengoptimuman
-
optimization model
model penilaian perolehan
—
earnings evaluation model
model penjanaan elektrik
—
model penjelas
-
model peramalan
model peramalan penyebab model perancangan model perancangan berbilang sektor model perancangan pendidikan model perancangan tenaga manusia model perdagangan luar negeri model peresapan model pergantungan model peringkat pengagregatan
electricity generation model explanatory model
—
causal modal maintenance model
-
forecasting model
—
model peramalan ekonometrik model peramalan kualitatif
multiplier-accelerator model
model peuggiliran
model penyebab model penyelenggaraan
model persamaan serentak
597
—
—
—
econometric forecasting model qualitative forecasting model causal forecasting model
—
planning model multi-sectoral planning model educational planning model manpower planning model
-
foreign trade model
-
-
—
diffusion model dependency model aggregation level of model
model permintaan tenaga
—
energy demand model
model persamaan serentak
—
— —
simultaneous equations model
model pertumbuhan model pertumbuhan model pertumbuhan Harrod-Domar model pertumbuhan neoklasik model pertumbuhan penduduk model Philips model piawai am model piawai diperhuas model probabiliti/model kebarangkalian model probabiliti guna tenaga/kebarangkahian guna tenaga model ragut model rangkaian model rangsangan gerak balas model regresi linear model regresi linear berbilang pemboleh ubah
model struktur bandar
—
—
growth model Harrod-Domar growth model neoclassical growth model
model regresi stokastik model regresi trigonometri
—
stochastic regression model trigonometric regression model
model rekursif
—
recursive model
model resapan atmosfera
—
—
population growth model — — — —
—
— —
— —
model saiz kumpulan optimum model saiz lot dinamik model saiz lot ekonomi
Phillips model general standard model extended standard model probability model
model saling bertindakan pengganda pencepat model sarang lelabah model satu input berubah model sektor model set kabur model simulasi diskret model simulasi selanjar model statik model statistik model struktur bandar
probability-of employment model grazing model network model stimulus-response model linear regression model multivariate linear regression model 598
—
— —
—
— — — — — — — —
atmospheric diffusion model optimal batch size model dynamic lot size model economic lot size model multiplier-accelerator interaction model cobweb model one variable input model sectoral model fuzzy set model discrete simulation model continuous simulation model static model statistical model urban structure model
model superpopulasi
model superpopulasi model tabungan dua kelas model tenaga model tenaga dunia model tenaga ekonomi model tenaga klasik model terturun model tertutup model titik unggul modul modular modulas keanjalan mogok pembeli mogok umum molekul diaktifkan molibdenum momen momen hasil darab momen memusat momen mentah momentum demografi
motif awasan
— -
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
superpopulation model two-class saving model energy model world energy model energy-economic model classical energy model reduced model closed model ideal point model module modular modulus of elasticity buyer’s strike general strike activated molecule molybdenum moment product moment central moment raw moment demographic momentum
monobank
—
monobank
monogliserida
-
monoglyceride
monopoli monopoli berbilang loji monopoli berdiskriminasi monopoli dua hala monopoli institusi
— — —
monopoli kekal monopoli paten monopoli monopoli monopoli monopoli
— —
pembeli semula jadi separa tempatan
—
pure monopoly
—
—
monop monopsony monosodium glutamate
monotonisiti
—
monotonicity
morfologi pertumbuhan
—
morphology of growth
—
precautionary motive
motif awasan 599
—
—
monops monopsoni monosodium glutamat
permanent monopoly patent monopoly buyer’s monopoly natural monopoly partial monopoly local monopoly
—
monopoli tulen
monopoly multiplant monopoly discriminating monopoly bilateral monopoly institutional monopoly
— —
-
motif bukan untuk kewangan
motif bukan untuk kewangan motif spekulasi motif tabungan motif urus niaga muara muatan segerabak mudah; biasa mudah suai muhibah muka depan jalan muka gelombang muka rumah perkedaian
-
— — — — — — — — — —
muzium sejarah semula jadi
non-pecuniary motive
mukim kediaman multinasional/berbilang negara mungkir; lalai; palsu musim monsun musim muslihat jualan mutasi perindustrian/ perubahan perindustrian mutu gred muzium sejarah semula jadi
speculative motive saving motive transaction motive estuary carload simple adaptive goodwill road frontage wave front shopping facade
600
— —
— — — — -
— —
residential parish multinational default monsoon season season sales gimmick industrial mutation
grades quality natural history museum
naftalena
neokiasik
N naftalena naik nilai naik nilai harga naik nilai mata wang naik nilai modal manusia
—
appreciation price appreciation
—
currency appreciation
-
naik nilai modal
—
naik nilai stok
—
najis nama syarikat nasihat pengembangan nasionalisme ekonomi natijah natijah menyeluruh natijah uji kaji negara kebajikan negara kurang maju negara kurang maju/ negara kurang membangun
naphthalene
—
—
— — — — — — — — —
negara maju negara membangun negara mundur negara pemberi pinjam! negara-negara pemben hutang
human capital appreciation capital appreciation
negara pengeksport petroleum
stock appreciation night soil company title extension advice economic nationalism outcome exhaustive outcome outcome of experiment welfare state less developed country underdeveloped country
negara pengeluar minyak negara pengguna negara penghutang
developed country
—
developing nation/ developing country backward country
—
creditor nation
—
—
petroleum exporting country
-
oil-producing country
—
consuming country
—
negara pengimport minyak
—
negara pengindustrian
—
negara separuh industri negara utama negara jelapang padi neoimperialisme neoklasik 601
—
— — — —
debtor nation oil-importing country industrial country! industrialized country! industrial nation semi-industrialized country principal country rice bowl state neo-imperialism neoclassical
neokolonialisme
neokolonialisme nepotisme neutron neutron terma niaga dagang automatik nikel nikotin nilai nilai ameniti nilai arah aliran nilai aset nilai asimptot nilai berangka nilai bersih nilai bersih modal nilai boleh cukai nilai buku nilai cirian nilai dijangka nilai d~jangkamaklumat sempurna
nilal kasar
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
neo-colonialism nepotism neutron thermal neutron automatic merchandizing nickel nicotine value amenity value trend value asset value asymptotic value numerical value net worth capital net worth rateable value book value characteristic value expected value expected value of perfect information
nilai dipadan nilai dipermodalkan nilai diramal nilai diskret nilai ditambah nilai ditambah bersih nilai ekonomi nilai ekstrem nilai ekuiti nilai estetik nilai gepting/nilai kritis nilai gubah fikiran nilai harta benda terdiskaun nilai individu nilai infinit/nilai tak terhiugga nilai intrinsik nilai kaji selidik nilai kalori nilai kasar 602
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— —
— — — —
fitted value capitalized value predicted value discrete value value added net value added economic value extreme value equity value esthetic value critical value imaginative value discounted property value individual value infinite value intrinsic value survey value calorific value gross value
nilai kekurangan sebenar
nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai
kekurangan sebenar keluaran keluaran. purata keluaran sosial keluaran sut kemestian kesunyian kewangan dijangka
nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai
kewujudan kini kini bersih kini terdiskaun ladang lebihan makiumat makiumat sempurna maksimum minimum modal muka mutlak
nilai tanah kediaman
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
true scarcity value product value value of average product value of social product value of marginal product imperative value
nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai
value of solitude expected monetary value existence value present value net present value present discounted value farm value surplus value value of information value of perfect information maximum value minimum value capital value face value absolute value
nilai pemakanan nilai pembaikan nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilal nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai 603
naik nominal opsyen paling mungkin pasaran pasaran saksama
pemodalan penyerapan pertukaran sebenar seketika serah tunai sewaan skrap sosial subjektif sumber sut tanah tanah kediaman
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
up-valuation nominal value option value most probable value market value fair market value nutritional value betterment value capitalization value absorption value exchange value actual value instantaneous value cash surrender value rental value salvage value!scrap value social value subjective value marginal value of resource land value residential land value
nilai tanaman
nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai nilai
tanaman tapak bangunan tara tepat teramal terbitan terkumpul tertaksir
niobium nisbah nisbah berharmoni nisbah bersama nisbah buruh nisbah buruh output nisbah cepat nisbah ekuiti nilai nisbah faedah-kos nisbah gas-minyak nisbah harga nisbah harga babi-jagung
nisbah kendalian
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — — — -
crop value building site value par value exact value forecasted value derived value accumulated value imputed value; assessed value niobium ratio harmonic ratio common ratio labour ratio labour-output ratio quick ratio equity to value ratio benefit-cost ratio gas-oil ratio price ratio hog-corn price ratio
nisbah harga songsang nisbah hutang aset nisbah hutang ekuiti nisbah inventori kepada jualan akhir nisbah jagung babi nisbah jantina nisbah jantina kelahiran nisbah kanak-kanak wanita nisbah kasar nisbah keberkesanan kos nisbah kebolehjadian ekanada nisbah kecairan nisbah kekayaan kepada pendapatan boleh guna nisbah kelimpahan
— —
inverse price ratio debt asset ratio debt-equity ratio ratio of inventory to final sale
-
corn-hog ratio sex ratio birth sex ratio child-woman ratio gross ratio cost effectiveness ratio monotone likelihood ratio
—
liquidity ratio
— —
— — —
—
ratio of wealth to disposable income abundance ratio
—
growth abundance ratio
nisbah kenal huruf dewasa
—
adult literacy ratio
nisbah kendalian
—
operating ratio
nisbah kelimpahan pertumbuhan
604
—
—
msbah keija-rehat
nisbah kerja-rehat nisbah kewangan nisbah Lasky nisbah manusia-tanah nisbah modal bersih nisbah modal-buruh nisbah modal-output nisbah modal-output sut nisbah modal-tanah nisbah output nisbah output-input nisbah output-modal nisbah pariti/nisbah kesetaraan nisbah pembiakan nisbah pendaftaran p nisbah penukaran nisbah penumpuan perindustrian nisbah penumpuan nisbah penyerapan
nisbah tangguugan
— — — — — — — — — — —
work-leisure ratio financial ratio Lasky ratio man-land ratio net capital ratio capital-labour ratio capital output ratio marginal capital-output ratio capital-land ratio output ratio output-input ratio output-capital ratio parity ratio
nishah pertengahan nisbah pinjaman-deposit nisbah plot nisbah pusing ganti modal nisbah rizab wajib nisbah rizab-kegunaan takungan nisbah rizab-pengeluaran nisbah semasa nisbah simpanan/nisbah rizab nisbah struktur hutang nisbah struktur perbelanjaan
— — — — —
— — —
— -
nisbah tabungan nisbah tabunganpendapatan
—
breeding ratio enrollment ratio conversion ratio industrial concentration ratio concentration ratio
nisbah tanah-penduduk
—
—
absorption ratio
nisbah tanggungan
-
— — — —
nisbah tambahan modaloutput
605
— —
-
intermediate ratio loan-deposit ratio plot ratio capital turnover ratio required reserve ratio reserve-to-use reservoir ratio reserve-production ratio current ratio reserve ratio debt structure ratio expense structure ratio saving ratio saving-income ratio incremental capital output ratio land-man ratio dependency ratio
msbah tetap
nisbah tetap nisbah tunai nisbah udara-minyak nisbah umur nisbah untung kasar nisbah varians nisbah Von-Neumann nitrat nitrat peroksibenzol nitrobenzena nitrogen dioksida nitrogen oksida nod nod penamat nod peristiwa nod tindakan nod tumpuan nombor algebra nombor boleh terima nombor ganjil nombor genap
nota bank; wang kertas bank
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
fixed ratio cash ratio air-fuel ratio age ratio gross profit ratio variance ratio Von-Neumann ratio nitrate peroxybenzoyl nitrate nitrobenzene nitrogen dioxide nitrogen oxide node terminal note event node action node sink node algebraic number admissible number odd number even number
nombor indeks nombor indeks kitaran nombor indeks komposit nombor indeks kuantiti nombor indeks rantaian nombor. kardinal nombor khayalan nombor kompleks nombor maklumat nombor nyata nombor oktana nombor pensampelan nombor rambang nombor rasional nombor tak rasional nominal norma normal nota; wang kertas; catatan nota bank; wang kertas bank 606
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
index number cyclical index number composite index number quantity index number chain index number cardinal number imaginary number complex number information number real number octane number sampling number random number rational number irrational number nominal norm normal note bank note
nota janji perdagangan nota janji perdagangan nota janji nota kredit nota makluman nota penerimaan nota penyerahan notis belian notis lien
nyahairan
— — —
— — — —
commercial paper promissory note credit note
notis pembelian notis roboh notis taksiran nukleus benzena nukleus pemeluwapan numeraire nyahairan
advice note receiving note delivery note notice of purchase notice of lien
607
— — — — — — —
purchase notice notice of demolition notice of assessment benzene nucleus condensation nuclei numeraire dewatering
objek rujukan
opsyen barangan/opsyen komoditi
0 objek rujukan objektif objektif pencukaian obligasi tetap ogif ogif peratusan oksalat oksida antimoni oksigen oksigen terlarut oksihaemoglobin oksimangkin oligopoli oligopoli dua hala operasi bans operasi ke depan operasi ke hadapan operasi loji penapis operasi matriks
—
—
— —
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
operasi pangsi
—
pivot operation
reference object
operasi pasaran terbuka
—
open market operation
objective
operasi pembinaan
-
building operation
objective of taxation fixed obligation
operasi penapisanpemasaran operasi sumber minimum
ogive percentage ogive
operator anjak ke belakang operator autoregresif bermusim . operator autoregresif tak bermusim
axalate antimony oxide oxygen dissolved oxygen oxyhaemoglobin oxy-catalyst oligopoly bilateral oligopoly row operation downstream operation upstream operation refinery operation matrix operation
operator bermusim operator purata bergerak bermusim operator purata bergerak tak bermusim operator tak bermusim opiat opsyen opsyen barangan/opsyen komoditi 608
-
-
— —
-
— —
—
— — -
refining-marketing operation operation bootstrap backshift operator seasonal autoregressive operator non-seasonal autoregressive seasonal operator seasonal moving-average non-seasonal movingaverage operator non-seasonal operator opiate option commodity option
opsyen dalam pengurangan buangan opsyen dalam pengurangan buangan opsyen pembeli opsyen pertumbuhan optimum optimum alternatif optimum ekonomi optimum ketakseimbangan optimum Pareto optimum penuh optimum sejagat optimum tempatan orang bekerja sendiri orang diberi kuasa orang ekonomi orang lalu orang tengah ordinan pengezonan ordinat orientasi pasaran
—
— — — — —
— — — — — — — —
output bersih
option in reduction of discharge
orientasi projek organisasi organisasi ladang Organisasi Makanan dan Pertanian Organisasi Negara-Negara Pengeksport Petroleum
buyer’s option growth option optimum alternative optimum economic optima disequilibrium optimum Pareto optimal!Pareto optimum full optimum global optimum local optimum self-employed person authorized person homoeconomicus passer-by middleman zoning ordinance ordinate market-oriented
organisasi pasaran organisasi pengeluaran organisasi perindustrian organisasi perniagaan organisme pengguna ortonormal oseania osmosis osmosis berbalik output output agregat output akhir output bersih 609
— — -
—
— — —
— —
— — — — — —
project orientation organization farm organization Food and Agricultural Organization Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) market organization organization of production industrial organization business organization consumer organism orthonormal oceania osmosis reverse osmosis output aggregate output final output net output
output gas
output output output output output output output output output
gas gas ash kasar ladang maksimum minyak minyak dunia negara optimum
output pemaksimuman untung
overhed pembuatan,’overhed perkilangan
— — — — — -
—
gas output natural gas output gross output farm output maximum output oil output world oil output national output optimal output!optimum output profit maximizing output
output perindustrian output pertanian output unggul overdraf overdraf bank overhed guna lebih overhed kilang overhed pembuatan! overhed perkilangan
610
— — — — — -
industrial output agricultural output ideal output overdraft bank overdraft overapplied overhead factory overhead manufacturing overhead
path tara
pancangan
P pada tara padanan data padanan kurang tepat padang batu padang ragut padang rumput padang rumput bandar padang salji padang sukan paduan daya pajakan pajakan kecil pajakan lombong
—
atpar fitting of data lack-of-fit stone field grazing land grassland urban turf snow field sports ground resultant of force lease sublease
—
mining lease
— — — — — — — — —
pajakan pawah
—
pajakan pekerjaan
—
pajakan peralatan pajakan tunai pakar klasik pakar urusan bank
— —
— —
pakatan Andean paksi khayalan paksi masa paksi mendatar paksi menegak paksi panjang paksi pendek palsu!memalsukan pam haba pameran niaga antarabangsa pameran perdagangan pampasan pampasan dalaman pampasan dan pembaikan (tanah) pampasan luaran pampasan rosotan pampasan selamat Pareto pancang ukur tapak
crop-share lease occupational lease equipment leasing cash lease classicist banking expert
pancangan 611
— — — — — — — —
— — — —
Andean pact imaginary axis time axis horizontal axis vertical axis major axis minor axis counterfeit heat pump international trade fair trade fair compensation internal compensation compensation and betterment (land)
-
compensation external attenuation compensation Pareto-safe compensation profile
—
pegging
— — —
pancutan air panas
pancutan air panas pancutan telaga dalam pandangan perbendaharaan pandu peta panduan panduan dasar panduan membeli-belah panel pengangkutan bandar panggilan bank panggilan pejabat panggilan pertama (syer) panggilan terdahulu panggilan tunggakan panggung panggung terdedah pangkat seri pangkat Spearman pangsapuri panjang giliran
parameter
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
geyser deep well injection treasury view
pantai laut pantai peranginan pantulan pantulan asing papan agihan papan tanda parabola parabola ganda dua terkecil paradigma paradigma berbihang dimensi
map index reference policy guideline shopping guide panel urban transport bank call office call first call (share) call in advance call in arrears theatre open air theatre tied rank Spearman rank apartment queue length
paradigma neokiasik paradoks paradoks berjimat paradoks Giffen paradoks Leontief paradoks nilai paradoks pengenalpastian paradoks pengundian parameter 612
— — — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — — — —
sea coast resort coast repercussion foreign repercussion distribution board sign board parabola least-squares parabola paradigm multidimensional paradigm neoclassical paradigm paradox paradox of thrift Giffen’s paradox Leontief paradox paradox of value paradox of identification voting paradox parameter
parameter bentuk terkurang
parameter bentuk terkurang parameter eksport parameter gangguan parameter kebetulan parameter makroekonomi parameter nasional parameter populasi parameter regresi paraokson paras faktor paras keertian paras trofik paration pant sisi jalan pant tadah pariti!kesetaraan pariti dimodenkan,/ kesetaraan dimodenkan pariti kuasa beli/ kesetaraan kuasa beli
pasaran awam terminal
—
— — — — —
— — —
— — — — -
—
reduced-form parameter
pariti pertanian! kesetaraan pertanian
export parameter nuisance parameter incidental parameter macroeconomic parameter national parameter population parameter regression parameter paraoxon factor level significance level
parsimoni parti politik pasang surut suria pasangan bertertib pasangan konjugat pasangan tak tertib pasar pasar besar pasar lelong; pasaran lelong
trophic level parathion road side drain catch drain parity modernized parity
pasar peniaga pasar raya pasar raya besar pasar tawar-menawar pasaran; ‘pasar pasaran aktif pasaran atas-kaunter pasaran awam terminal
purchasing power parity
613
—
— — — — — — — — —
— —
— — — — — —
agricultural parity parsimony political party solar tide ordered pair conjugate pair unordered pair market place central market auction market dealer market supermarket,’department store hyper market bargaining market market active market over-the-counter market terminal public market
pasaran barangan/pasaran komoditi
pasaran barangan!pasaran komoditi pasaran bear pasaran bebas pasaran berdaftan pasaran bermonopoli pasaran bersaingan pasaran bersama pasaran bull pasaran buruh pasaran buruh tak sempurna pasanan dana boleh labur pasaran diskaun pasanan diskniminasi pasanan emas pasaran faktor pasaran gelap pasaran hipotetik pasaran input pasaran ke depan
—
— — — — — — — —
— —
— —
pasaran persaingan tak sempurna
commodity market bear market free market posted market monopolistic market competitive market common market bull market labour market imperfect labour market
pasaran keluaran
—
product market
pasaran kewangan
—
finance market
pasaran luar negeri
—
foreign market
pasaran menurun
—
falling market
—
international oil market
pasaran minyak antarabangsa pasaran minyak dunia pasaran modal pasaran modal antarabangsa pasaran modal persendirian pasaran modal tak sempurna pasaran pembeli
investible fund market discount market discrimination market gold market factor market black market hypothetical market
pasaran pembungkus pasaran persaingan sempurna pasaran persaingan tak sempurna
input market futures market 614
—
world oil market capital market international capital market
—
private capital market
—
imperfect capital market
—
buyer’s market
—
packer market
— —
—
—
perfectly competitive market imperfectly competitive market!non-perfectly competitive market
pasaran pertukaran asing
pasaran pertukaran asing pasaran pertukaran ke hadapan pasaran saham pasaran semerta pasaran sempurna pasaran suram pasaran tak sempurna pasaran tanah swasta; pasaran tanah sulit pasaran tempatan pasaran tenaga pasaran tenaga dunia pasaran teratur pasaran terbitan baru pasaran terbolot pasaran terbuka pasaran terhad pasaran terminal pasaran wang pasir hanyutan
pecahan catatan
— —
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
foreign exchange market forward exchange market stock market spot market perfect market gray market imperfect market private land market
pasir jerlus
—
quick sand
pasir kasar
—
coarse-grained sand
pasir minyak berat
-
heavy-oil sand
pasti negatif
—
negative definite
pasti positif
—
positive definite
pasukan petugas paten pati protein ikan patogen pawah paya paya bakau paya tepi pecah bagi pecah bagi tanah
local market energy market world energy market organized market new issue market captive market open market limited market terminal market money market drift sand
pecah hahagi tanah pecah bahagian pecahan algebra pecahan berat pecahan cacatan 615
— — — — — —
— -
— —
—
task force patent fish-protein concentrate pathogen crop sharing swamp mangrove swamp rand subdivide subdivision of land land partition partition (land) algebraic fraction heavy fraction fraction of defective
pecahan geran besar
pecahan geran besar pecahan kos pecahan pelaburan pecahan ringan pecahan sederhana pecahan separa/pecahan sebahagian pecahan setara pecahan tak sempurna pecahan tanah hat pecahan tugas pedagang pedalaman pegawai kerja/pegawai eksekutif pejabat am pejabat berdaftâr Pejabat Buruh Antarabangsa pejabat daftar tanah pejabat kastam
pekali penentuan tersuai!koefisien penentuan tersuai
certificate of titles breakdown of cost investment slice light fraction medium fraction partial fraction
pejabat luar pejabat pembelian
—
equivalent fraction improper subdivision clay-fraction duty breakdown trader hinterland
pekahi autokorelasi! koefisien autokorelasi
—
executive officer
pekali bangunan!koefisien bangunan pekali binominal/koefisien binominal pekali modal/koefisien modal
—
general office
pekali mutlak/koefisien mutlak
—
registered office International Labour Office (ILO)
pekali pencepat,’koefisien pencepat
—
land registry
—
custom house
— — — — — —
— — — — -
—
pejabat tapak bina pejalan kaki
-
field office buying office
—
site office pedestrian
peka
—
susceptible
pekali
—
coefficient
—
autocorrelation coefficient
—
building coefficient
—
binominal coefficient
—
capital coefficient
—
absolute coefficient
—
accelerator coefficient
pekali penentuan tersuai! koefisien penentuan tersuai 616
—
—
—
adjusted coefficient of determination
pekali pengurangan/koefisien pengurangan
pekali pengurangan/ koefisien pengurangan pekali penjerapan/ koefisien penjerapan pekali penyerapan,/ koefisien penyerapan pekan kancing; pekan genting
—
attenuation coefficient
—
absorption coefficient
—
absorption coefficient
-
gap town
pekerja
—
worker/employee
pekerja balak
—
lumber jack
pekerja ladang pekerja mahir pekerja separuh mahir pekerja tak berupah pekerja tak giat pekerja ulang-ahik pekerja wanita pekerjaan pekerjaan peringkat ketiga pekongsi tidur
— —
—
— —
— — — —
pelaburan institusi
pelabuhan pelabuhan bebas pelabuhan dalaman pelabur pelabur institusi pelaburan pelahuran antarabangsa pelaburan asing pelaburan asing bersih pelaburan autonomi pelaburan awam pehaburan benar pelaburan berlebihan pelaburan bersih pelaburan bertahan pelaburan boleh ubah pelaburan dalam negeri kasar
farm worker ~Jdhledma semi-skilled worker/ semi-skilled man unpaid worker discouraged worker commuter working women occupation tertiary occupation sleeping partner
pelaburan dalam negeri swasta pelaburan institusi 617
—
harbour free port inland port investor institutional investor investment international investment foreign investment net foreign investment autonomous investment public investment real investment overinvestment net investment defensive investment flexible investment gross domestic investment
—
private domestic investment
—
institutional investment
— — — — — — — — — — — —
pelaburan inventori
pelaburan inventori pelaburan kasar pehaburan kediaman pelaburan kerajaan pelaburan langsung pelaburan luar negeri pelaburan meluas pelaburan modal pelaburan negatif pelaburan penggantian pelaburan permulaan pelaburan persendirian pelaburan purata pelaburan sektor pelaburan swasta pelaburan swasta dalam negeri bersih pelaburan tanah pelaburan tekanan hujung pelaburan tekanan pangkal
pelan kampung
— — — — — — -~ — —
— — — — — —
— -
inventory investment gross investment residential investment government investment direct investment overseas investment widening investment capital investment negative investment! disinvestment replacement investment initial investment personal investment average investment sectoral investment private investment net private domestic investment
pelaburan teraruh pelaburan terbuka pelaburan tetap pelaburan tetap kasar pelajaran pelaksanaan pelaksanaan rancangan pelakuran nuldear pelakuran termonukhear pelambakan eksport pelan akhir pelan asas pelan awal pelan bandar pelan pelan pelan pelan
land investment tail-end loaded investment front-end loaded investment
blok diluhuskan grid indeks
pelan induk pelan kampung 618
— — —
— — — -
induced investment open-end investment fixed investment gross fixed investment education implementation plan implementation
—
nuclear fusion thermonuclear fusion
-
export dumping
—
—
final plan basic plan preliminary plan
—
town plan
— -
— — -
— —
block plan approved plan grid plan index plan master plan village plan
pelan kawasan tindakan
pelan kawasan tindakan pelan kendali pelan keratan rentas pelan keseluruhan pelan komprehensif rancangan komprehensif pelan kontur pelan lakar pelan’ lakar kasar pelan letakan pelan pemeringkatan pelan piawai pelan punca pelan rangka pelan rangka wilayah pelan skimatik pelan struktur pelan struktur wilayah pelan subjek pelan susun atur pelan tapak
pelarasan separa!pelarasan sebahagian
—
action area plan operative plan sectional plan overall plan
pelan pelan pelan pelan
—
comprehensive plan
pelan umum; rancangan am pelan wilayah pelan zon; rancangan zon pelancongan pelanggan pelantar can gali pelantar penggerudian pelarasan bermusim pelarasan hail imbangan
— — —
— — — — — —
— — —
contour plan draft plan/sketch plan rough sketch plan location plan phasing plan standard plan key plan outline plan outline regional plan schematic plan structure plan regional structure plan
tempatan terperinci tingkat topografi
pelarasan inventori pelarasan jangka panjang pelarasan penawaran terlat pelarasan penilaian inventori
subject plan layout plan site plan
pelarasan separa!pelarasan sebahagian 619
-
local plan detail plan storey plan topographical plan
—
general plan
— —
— — — — — — —
regional plan zonal plan tourism patron; customer exploration rig drilling platform seasonal adjustment balance day adjustment
-
inventory adjustment long period adjustment
—
lagged supply adjustment
—
—
—
inventory valuation adjustment partial adjustment
pelicinan langsung umum
pelarasan upah automatik pelarasan upah automatik pelarasan-halus pelarian cukai pelarian modal pelarian homogen pelayan pelayaran pelbagaian pelbagaian eksport pelbagaian pekerjaan pe!bagaian tanaman pelebaran jalan
—
— — — —
— — — —
automatic wage adjustment fine-tuning tax avoidence flight of capital homogeneous server server navigation diversification
—
pelekatan pemasangan
-
assembly gluing
pelelasan
—
pelembutan air pelencongan perdagangan pelengkap
— -
—
— —
pelepasan kredit pelesapan tenaga pasang surut pelesenan pelesenan eksport
diversification of export occupational diversity crop diversification road widening river widening tin smelting zinc smelting
pelebaran sungai peleburan timah peleburan zink
pelengkap menegak pelengkap ortogonal pelengkapan penyelesaian separa!pelengkapan penyelesaian sebahagian
pelesenan pelaburan peletakan harga rendah peletup nuklear pelicinan eksponen pelicinan eksponen berganda pelicinan eksponen ganda tiga
abrasion water softening trade diversion complement 620
— — —
— —
— —
— — —
-
—
pehicinan eksponen mudah
—
pelicinan langsung umum
—
vertical complementarity orthogonal complement completion of partial solution credit waiver tidak dissipation of energy licensing licensing of export investment licensing price undercutting nuclear explosive exponential smoothing double exponential smoothing triple exponential smoothing simple exponential smoothing general direct smoothing
pelicinan malar
pelicinan malar pehicinan sin masa pehindung cukai pelindung pendengaran pelinearan pelombongan zink peluang peluang alternatif peluang ekonomi peluang kerja peluang pelaburan peluasan modal peluasan risiko peluasan teknologi pelunasan pemadanan; penjodohan pemadanan arah ahiran pemadan duit syihing pemadanan garisan arah aliran pemadanan keluk
pemaksimuman tak berkonstreni’pemaksimuman tak berkekangan
constant smoothing smoothing of time series tax shelter ear protector linearization zinc mining opportunity alternative opportunity economic opportunity job opportunity investment opportunity capital broadening risk spreading technological stretching amortization matching trend fitting
pemadanan keluk subjekif pemadanan parameter
-
matching penny trend-line fitting
pemaksimuman output
—
curve fitting
— — — — — — — — — — — — -
-
pemaham institusi pemaham kewangan pemaham marginal pemaham merkantil pemaju pemajuan pentadbiran pemakanan pemaksimuman pemaksimuman jualan pemaksimuman kebajikan pemaksimuman kebajikan sosial pemaksimuman kecekapan pemaksimuman kepuasan pemaksimuman tak berkonstren/pemaksimuman tak berkekangan 621
—
—
— — —
— — —
subjective curve fitting parameter fitting institutionahist monetarist marginahist mercantilist developer administrative improvement nutrition maximization
—
sales maximization welfare maximization
—
social welfare maximization
-
—
maximization of efficiency maximization of satisfaction
—
output maximization
—
constrained maximization
pemaksimuinan terkonstren/pemakaimuman terkekang pemaksimuman terkonstreni’pemaksimuman terkekang pemaksimuman untung
pemaksimuman untung bersama
-
unconstrained maximization
—
—
maximization of profit! profit maximization! profit maximizing
-
utility maximization
—
infilhing
— —
—
—
thermionic emission
— — — — —
pemandangan laut pemandulan perosak cara kimia pemangsa pemansuhan duti pemantulan pemantulan sinaran pemasangan plat contoh pemasaran pemasaran gas pemasaran ke hadapan pemasaran koperasi pemasaran pertanian pemasaran pusat pemasaran runcit pemasaran susu
constant arbitrary constant parametric constant labour constant Euler’s constant smoothing constant compensator air compressor compression
—
pemandangan daratan ubahan semulajadi
joint profit maximization
pemalaman
pemalar berparameter pemalar buruh pemalar Euler pemalar pelicinan pemampas pemampat udara pemampatan pemancaran termion
pemandangan pemandangan darat ubahan manusia
pemaksimuman utihiti pemalar pemalar arbitrari!pemalar sembarangan
pemasaran susu
622
—
scenery
—
man-altered landscape
—
natural landscape
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
seascape chemosterilisation of pests predator abolition of duty reflaction reflaction of radiation template assembly marketing gas marketing forward marketing cooperative marketing agricultural marketing central marketing retail marketing milk marketing
pemasaran tak langsung
pembaikan teknik
pemasaran tak langsung
—
indirect marketing
pembaikan air
pemasaran ternakan
—
livestock marketing
—
direct marketing
pembaikan bangsal pembaikan dan penyelenggaraan pembaikan fizikal pembaikan jalan
pemasaran terus pemasinan air pengairan pemastian untung pembahagi jalan pembahagi sepunya terbesar pembahagian bantuan pembahagian kerja pembahagian kuasa pembahagian pasaran pembahagian ruang sampeh pembahagian tanah pembahagian tugas! pembahagian kerja pembahagian untung pembaharuan pembaharuan autonomi pembaharuan bandan
— — — —
— — —
-
— — —
salinity of irrigation water ascertainment of profit central divider greatest common divisor
pembaikan jalan raya pembaikan kos
apportionment in aid division of labour division of power market sharing partition of sample space
pembaikan kualiti air pembaikan pembaikan tenusu pembaikan pembaikan
land distribution division of work
kuahiti udara kumpulan ladang oktana
pembaikan pagar pembaikan Pareto pembaikan rumah pembaikan tanah
division of profit renewal autonomous regeneration urban renewal
pembaikan tanih pembaikan teknik 623
—
water improvement
—
barns improvement repair and maintenance
—
physical improvement
—
street improvement
—
road improvement
-
cost improvement
—
water quality improvement
— —
— —
— —
— —
— —
air quality improvement dairy herd improvement farm improvement octane improvement fence improvement Pareto improvement house improvement land improvement soil amelioration technical improvement
pembakar nuklear mangkin
pembakar nuklear mangkin pembakaran bahan api pembakaran pembakaran pembakaran pembakaran
bahan bakar berperingkat gas pertanian
pembalakan pembalakan terpihih pembahasan pembahikan alir hintang pembalikan intensiti faktor/pembalikan keamatan faktor pembalikan suhu pembahikan terma pembandaran ~ pembangunan; kemajuan pembangunan bandar pembangunan bangunan tinggi
pembangunan kediaman
—
catalytic nuclear burner
pembangunan berselerak
—
combustion of fuel
pembangunan boleh dibenarkan
— — —
— — — — —
fuel combustion fractional combustion gas flaring agricultural burning
permissable development
—
rural development
pembangunan dibenarkan
—
permitted development
pembangunan duahistik
—
dualistic development
pembangunan ekologi
—
ecological development
pembangunan ekonomi
—
economic development
pembangunan ekonomi Ghetto pembangunan evolusi
— — — — — -
pembangunan fahaman Marx
temperature inversion thermal inversion urbanization development urban development high rise development
pembangunan huni jarang; pembangunan kediaman terbuka
624
dispersed development! scattered development
—
pembangunan desa/pembangunan luar bandar
logging selective logging retaliation advective inversion factor intensity reversal
—
—
Ghetto economic development
—
evolutionary development
—
Marxist development
—
open residential development
pembangunan kapitahis
—
capitalist development
pembangunan kediaman
—
residential development
pembangunan kepadatan rendah
pembangunan kepadatan rendah pembangunan khasik pembangunan sif pembangunan pembangunan pembangunan pembangunan tengah laut pembangunan pembangunan
komprehenkomuniti masa depan menjalar minyak negara padat tinggi
pembangunan pejabat pembangunan perindustnan pembangunan perindustnian wilayah pembangunan pertanian pembangunan pesat pembangunan ruang pembangunan saluran
pembangunan tertinggal
—
low density development
—
classical development
—
— — —
— —
-
—
—
• —
— — —
comprehensive development
pembangunan sementara
—
interim development
pembangunan semula
—
redevelopment
—
urban redevelopment
—
water systems development
pembangunan semula bandar pembangunan sistem air (perairan)
community development future development ribbon development offshore oil development
pembangunan sosioekonomi
nation building high density development
pembangunan sumber
—
pembangunan sumber ash
—
pembangunan tak teratur pembangunan tanah
office development industrial development
pembangunan teknologi
regional industrial development
pembangunan tenaga manusia
agricultural development
pembangunan terancang pembangunan terdorong
rapid development spatial development channel development
pembangunan terpolarisasi pembangunan tertinggal 625
—
socio-economic development resource development natural resource development
—
haphazard development
—
land development
—
technological development
—
manpower development
— —
— —
planned development initiated development polarized development abandoned development
pembangunan uncit
pembangunan uncit pembantu wilayah pembangunan kewangan pembantu perancangan bandar pembantu teknik pembaris bersenggat pembasmian hutan pembasmian kemiskinan pembasmian penyakit pembatalan pembatalan kebenaran pembatasan a prior pembatasan bank pembatasan berparameter pembatasan kuantitatif pembatasan kuota pembatasan letak kereta pembatasan linear pembatasan mengenal pasti
pembayaran kuasi berubah
— — — -
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
piecemeal development regional development financial assistant town planning
pembatasan surat ikatan pembatasan terdahulu pembatasan undangundang pembawa tenaga peringkat kedua pembawa tenaga utama pembayar pembayar cukai
technical assistant graduated ruler deforestation poverty eradication disease eradication nullification revocation of permission
pembayar pampasan sebenar pembayaran; bayaran pembayaran antarabangsa pembayaran bahik
a prior restriction bank restriction parametric restriction quantitative restriction quota restriction parking restriction linear restriction identifying restriction
pembayaran balik cukai pembayaran balik debentur pembayaran bahik pinjaman pembayaran faktor pembayaran kuasi berubah 626
—
deed restriction prior restriction
—
legal restriction
-
secondary energy carrier
—
—
primary energy carrier payer rate payer
—
actual compensationist
— —
— — —
payment international payment repayment
—
repayment of tax repayment of debenture
—
repayment of loan
—
factor payment
—
quasi-variable payment
—
pembayaran luar negeni
pembentukan dasar
pembayaran luar negeri
—
overseas payment
pembayaran royalti
—
royalti payment
pembayaran tunai
—
cash disbursement
pembaziran; sisa; buangan
—
waste
pembaziran kerajaan
—
government waste
pembedilan neutron
—
neutron bombardment
pembekal daging
—
meat purveyor
pembekal makanan beku
—
frozen food provisioner
pembekalan alat pembeku
—
freezer provisions
—
rural electrification
pembekalan elektrik luar bandar pembekuan air pembekuan dan penyaringan kimia .pembelahan nuklear pembelajaran melalui amalan
—
—
—
—
pembelanjawanan inventori pembelanjawanan modal pembelanjawanan separa/ pembelanjawanan sebahagian pembeli pembehi lelong pembeli-pembungkus pembelian beroligopsoni pembehian dalam pembehian ladang pembelian menghindar
freezing of water
pembelian pukal pembehian rumah pembelian tunai pembelian wajib pembenaran pengeluaran! elaun pengeluaran
chemical coagulation and filtration nuclear fission learning by doing
pembehanjaan kerajaan
—
government spending
pembelanjawanan
-
budgeting
pembentangan belanjawan pembentukan dasar 627
—
inventory budgeting
—
capital budgeting
—
partial budgeting
— — — — — — —
—
buyer auction buyer packer-buyer ohigopsonistic buying buying in farm purchase preclusive buying bulk buying house purchase cash buying compulsory purchase production allowance budget presentation policy formation
pembesaran
pembentukan geologi pembentukan geologi pembentukan harga tanah pembentukan hipotesis pembentukan isi rumah pembentukan jalan pembentukan karang pembentukan modal pembentukan modal bersih pembentukan modal manusia pembentukan modal terkurang pembentukan model pembentukan penyatuan pembentukan projek pembentukan rawa pemberhentian kerja sementara pemberi hutang/pembeni pinjaman
— — — — — — —
geological formation formation of land price formulation of hypothesis household formation road formation coral formation capital formation net capital formation
-
formation of human capital
—
reduced capital formation
—
model formation coalition formation project formation bog formation layoff
—
creditor
— — — —
pemberi pinjam
—
lender
pemberi pinjam individu
-
individual lender
—
cumulative lending
pemberi pinjaman kumulatif pemberi pinjaman pertanian pembeni sewa
agricultural lender
pemberian pinjaman pemberimilikan; pemencilan
—
pemberimilikan tanah pembersihan pembersihan data pembersihan sisa air peningkat kedua pembersihan sisa air peringkat ketiga pembersihan sisa air peringkat pertama pembersihan tanah pembesaran 628
—
— — —
—
—
•
—
rentier lending alienation land alienation refinement clearing the data secondary treatment of waste water tertiary treatment of waste water primary treatment of waste water clearing of land enlargement
pembesaran aliran sungai
peinbiayaan pemampasan
pembesaran ahiran sungai
—
river-flow augmentation
pembesaran kapasiti
—
capacity expansion
pembesaran ladang
—
farm enlargement
pembentukan pembentukan rancangan pembetulan keselanjaran pembetulan peringkat lebih tinggi pembetulan Sheppard untuk momen pembetulan Sheppard untuk vanians pembetulan Yate untuk keselanjaran pembetung pembetungan pembezaan pembezaan harga pembezaan kadar cukai pembezaan kehuanan
— —
continuity correction
—
higher order correction
-
—
—
sewerage
— —
pembezaan upah pampasan
—
partial differentiation
-
implicit differentiation
—
pembiasan atom
—
atomic refraction
pembiayaan hutang pembiayaan koperasi pembiayaan lebuh raya pembiayaan luar pembiayaan negeri pembiayaan pemampasan 629
physical product differentiation
pembezaan wilayah
pembiayaan defisit
differencing; differentiation price differential tax rate differentiation product differentiation
—
compensating wage differential regional differential
pembiayaan pembiayaan awam pembiayaan dalam negen; pembiayaan dalaman
Sheppard’s correction for varians Yate’s correction for continuity sewer
—
pembezaan tersirat
Sheppard’s correction for moment
—
—
pembezaan separa! pembezaan sebahagian
formation plan formation
-
—
pembezaan kehuaran fizikal
—
—
financing public finance internal financing
-
deficit financing
— —
— —
debt finance cooperative financing
—
highway finance external finance
—
state finance compensatory financing
—
pemboleh ubah bukan basis
pembiayaan pembangunan pembiayaan pembangunan pembiayaan pendidikan pembiayaan penggal dilanjutkan pembiayaan peniaga pembiayaan peperangan pembiayaan peralatan pembiayaan perdagangan asing pembiayaan pinjaman
—
-
— — — —
financing development! development finance
pemhinaan semula
—
pemblokan; adangan
—
education finance extended term financing
pemboleh ubah; berubah
—
pemboleh ubah alat pemboleh ubah autonomi
—
variable instrumental variable
—
autonomous variable
pemholeh ubah bantu
—
dealer financing war finance equipment financing finance of foreign trade
—
loan finance
—
backdoor financing
—
project finance
pembiayaan sendini
—
self-financing
pembiayaan tempatan
—
local finance
pembiayaan pintu belakang pembiayaan projek
pembidaan pembidaan pembidaan pembinaan
bersaingan lelaran sampingan atom
pembinaan model
—
competitive bidding interative bidding by-bidding atom building
—
model building
— — —
pemboleh ubah basis pemboleh ubah bebas pemholeh ubah berbatas pemboleh ubah berbatas bawah pemboleh ubah Bernoulli pemboleh ubah bersandar terlat pemboleh ubah bersandar pemboleh ubah bertertib pemboleh ubah boleh kawal pemboleh ubah bukan basis 630
— —
—
reconstruction blocking
auxiliary variable basic variable free variable bounded variable lower bounded variable
—
Bernoulli variable lagged dependent variable
—
dependent variable
—
—
ordered variable controllable variable
—
non-basic variable
—
pemboleh ubah dami berdaya tambah
pemboleh ubah dami berdaya tambah pemboleh ubah dedua pemboleh ubah dedua basis pemboleh ubah diskret pemboleh ubah dual pemboleh ubah ekonomi pemboleh ubah eksogen pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh pemboleh dalian
ubah endogen ubah gangguan ubah keputusan ubah kuantitatif ubah lebihan ubah masa ubah masuk ubah normal ubah ortogonal ubah peluang ubah pengen-
-
additive dummy variable
—
binary variable basic binary variable
—
discrete variable
—
dual variable
—
— —
— -
— — — -
pemboleh ubah rambang terpangkas
pemboleh ubah penjelas stokastik pemboleh ubah penjelas pemboleh ubah pensuisan pemboleh ubah pilihan pemboleh ubah pratentu pemholeh ubah rambang pemboleh ubah rambang boleh bahagi infinit/ pemboleh ubah rambang boleh bahagi tak terhingga
economic variable exogenous variable endogenous variable disturbance variable decision variable
pemboleh ubah campuran pemboleh ubah diperluas pemboleh ubah diskret pemboleh ubah selanjar pemboleh ubah terpangkas
quantitative variable surplus variable time variable entering variable normal variable orthogonal variable chance variable operational variable
631
—
—
—
— —
stochastic explanatory variable explanatory variable switching variable choice variable predetermined variable random variable infinitely divisible random variable
rambang
-
mixed random variable
rambang
-
extended random variable
rambang
—
discrete random variable
rambang
—
continuous random variable
rambang
—
truncated random variable
pemboleh ubah ranibang tertabur serupa tak bersandar
pemboleh ubah rambang tertabur serupa tak bersandar pemboleh ubah rambang trinomial pemboleh ubah rekaan pemboleh ubah saling tindakan pemboleh ubah selanjar pemboleh ubah sifat-satu pemboleh ubah stokastik pemboleh ubah stokastik diskret pemboleh ubah stokastik selanjar pemboleh ubah tak bersandar pemboleh ubah tak bersandar kualitatif pemboleh ubah tak bersandar kuantitatif
—
independently identical distributed random variable
—
trmomial random variable
—
artificial variable
—
interaction variable
-
— —
—
—
—
pembuangan daging
pemboleh ubah tak boleh kawal pemboleh ubah tak diketahui pemboleh ubah tak terbatas pemboleh ubah teraruh pemboleh ubah terkawal pemboleh ubah terkeluar pemboleh ubah terlat pemboleh ub~shterlat eksogen
continuous variable zero-one variable stochastic variable discrete stochastic variable
pemboleh ubah terlat endogen
continuous stochastic variable
pemholeh ubah terpiawai pemboleh ubah terplot
independent variable
-
qualitative independent variable quantitative independent variable
—
unknown variable
—
unrestricted variable
— —
— — —
—
-
induced variable controlled variable departing variable lagged variable exogenous lagged variable endogenous lagged variable standardized variable
pemborong pemborong bebas
independent wholesaler
pembuangan daging 632
non-controllable variable
plotted variable omitted variable/excluded variable wholesaler
pemboleh ubah tersingkir -
—
— —
—
meat condemnation
pembuangan kotoran pembuangan kotoran pembuangan kotoran; pembuangan sisa pembuangan kumbahan
pemeluwapan
—
effluent disposal waste disposal
—
sewage disposal
—
pembuangan sampah pembuangan sisa pepejal pembuangan tenaga kerja pembuat keputusan pembuat keputusan kolektif pembuat keputusan pengguna pembuatan/perkilangan pembuatan keputusan kolektif pembuatan keputusan pengguna pembuatan keputusan politik pembubaran
—
refuse disposal/garbage disposal solid waste disposal disemployment decision-maker collective decision-maker
—
consumer decision-maker
— — —
—
manufacturing
—
collective decision-making
—
pembulatan data pembungkus (orang) pembungkus jenis pengirim pembungkusan pembungkusan daging pembungkusan upahan pemecahan pemecahan atom pemecahan buangan organik pemecahan mangkin pemecahan mendatar pemecahan modal pemecahan pendapatan pemecahan punca cukai pemecahan syarikat pemegang kepentingan pemegang saham pemegangan pajak pemeluwapan
consumer decision-making
—
political decision making
—
liquidation 633
— —
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
rounding of data packer shipper-type packers packaging meat packing custom packing fragmentation atomic fission degradation of organic waste catalytic cracking horizontal fragmentation capital fragmentation income splitting fragmentation of tax source splitting of corporation interest holder shareholder/stockholder leasehold condensation
pemerosotan
pemeluwapan air pemeluwapan air
—
condensation of water
pemencilan
—
isolation
-
precipitation
pemendakan pemendakan berperingkat pemendapan sungai pemendekan hayat/ pemendekan hidup pementingan jenama pementingan kos pemerahan fikiran pemerhatian/pencerapan pemerhatian berpasangan/ pencerapan berpasangan pemerhatian berulangan/ pencerapan berulangan pemerhatian pasaran buruh/pencerapan pasaran buruh pemerhatian sampel/ pencerapan sampel
—
fractional precipitation river sedimentation
—
life shortening
—
—
brand consciousness
—
cost consciousness
— — —
—
—
-
pemerhatian sin masa/ pencerapan sin masa pemeriksa bank pemeriksaan awal
repeated observation labour-market observation
sample observation
634
time series observation
—
bank examiner
pemeriksaan daging
—
ante-mortem inspection meat inspection
pemeriksaan diagnostik
—
diagnostic checking
pemeniksaan hak pemeriksaan kawasan tapak pemeniksaan mengejut pemeriksaan penerimaan pemeniksaan pengangguran pemeriksaan post-mortem pemeriksaan tanah pemeringkatan pemeringkatan nilai tapak pemeringkatan pembangunan pemerintahan Koinprador pemerosotan
brainstorming observation paired observation
—
-
— —
title examination site inspection
—
surprise check acceptance inspection unemployment search
—
post-mortem inspection
— —
— — — —
— —
land inspection ranking site value rating phasing of development Comprador government degeneration
pemetaan
pemetaan pemetaan keserupaan pemetaan liput pemetaan negara pemetaan penilaian pemetakan (tanah) pemetakan sama pemetakan tanah pemewilayahan pemewilayahan kawasan pemfaktonan pemfiouridan pemikiran ekonomi pemikiran sistem pemilihan antara alternatif pemilihan dalam ketakpastian pemilihan ladang pemilihan optimum pemilihan pembeni pinjam pemilihan pemboleh ubah
pemilikan kerajaan
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
mapping similarity mapping onto mapping national mapping evaluation mapping allotment (land) equipartition acreage allotment regionalization regionalization of region factonization; factoring foundation economic thought systems thinking choice between alternative choice under uncertainty
pemilihan projek pemilihan rambang pemilihan teknik pemilihan terkawal pemilik pemilik bangunan pemilik berdaftar pemilik bersama pemilik bersempadan pemilik duduk luar pemilik ekuiti pemilik kerja sendini pemilik ladang pemilik tanah pemilikan pemilikan awam
selection of farm choice of optimum choice of lender choice of variable 635
— —
— -
— — — — — — — -
— — -
pemilikan bersama
—
pemilikan bersama estet
—
pemilikan bertentangan pemilikan kerajaan
—
—
project selection random selection choice of technique controlled selection owner building owner registered owner co-owner adjoining owner absentee owner owner equity self-employed owner farm owner land owner impoundment; ownership public ownership joint ownership estate ownership adverse possession government ownership
pemuikan kolektif
pemilikan pemilikan pemilikan pemilikan
kolektif lelong modal penuh
pemilikan perindustnian pemilikan rumah pemilikan tanah pemiliknegaraan pemindahan bergas pemindahan buruh pemindahan caj pemindahan hak milik pemindahan keluar untung peminimuman peminimuman tak berkonstren/peminimuman tak berkekangan peminimuman terkonstren/peminimuman terkekang
pemogokan ekonomi
— — — —
— —
— — — — —
—
— —
—
collective ownership auction ownership capital ownership complete ownership
peminjam peminjam sut peminjaman peminjaman antarabangsa peminjaman asing peminjaman jangka panjang
industrial ownership home ownership land ownership nationalization gaseous transfer labour transference charge transfer
borrower marginal borrower
—
peminjaman kerajaan
—
government borrowing
pemisahan graviti
—
gravitational segregation
transfering ownership right profit repatriation
pemisahan sempadan pemodalan pemodalan cukai
minimization unconstrained minimization
pemodalan pendapatan pemodalan nzab pemodelan ekonometnik pemodelan sistem pemodenan pemogokan ekonomi 636
—
borrowing international lending foreign borrowing long-term borrowing
pemisahan gred pemisahan magma
constrained minimization
—
— — —
— —
grade separation magmatic segregation
—
separation of boundary capitalization
—
tax capitalization
—
— —
— —
— —
income capitalization capitalization of reserve econometric modelling system modelling modernization economic strike
pemonopoli
pemonopoli pemonopoli berdiskriminasi sempurna pemonopoli mengoptimum pemonopolian pemotongan harga pemotongan kos pempaletan pempiawaian pempiawaian bijirin pemprognaman berparameter pemprograman boleh pisah pemprograman cembung pemprograman cembung boleh pisah pemprograman dinamik pemprograman geometri pempnograrnan heuristik
pemprograsnan terkonstren peluang/pemprograman terkekang peluang
— —
-
monopolist perfectly discriminating monopolist optimizing monopolist
pemprograman hiperbola pemprograman integer pemprograman integer campuraji pemprograman komputer
— — — — — — —
—
— —
— —
monopolization price cutting cost-cutting palletization standardization grain standardization parametric programming
pemprograman kuadratik pemprograman linear pemprograman linear stokastik pemprograman pemprograman pemprograman pemprograman ngunan
separable programming
matematik matlamat pecahan pemba-
pemprograman sifar-satu pemprograman stokastik pemprograman tak linear
convex programming separable convex programming
pemprograman terkonstren peluang/pemprograman terkekang peluang
dynamic programming geometric programming heuristic programming 637
—
hyperbolic programming integer programming
—
mixed-integer programming
—
—
— — —
— — — —
— — —
—
computer programming quadratic programming linear programming stochastic linear programming mathematical programming goal programming fractional programming programming of development zero-one programming stochastic programming non-linear programming chance constrained programming
pemprosesan
pemuliharaan bangunan
pemprosesan
—
processing
pemulihan habitat
—
pemprosesan ayam itik
—
poultry processing
pemulihan kegemukan
—
—
material processing
—
fruit processing
pemulihan kumbahan peningkat ketiga
—
meat processing
pemprosesan bahan pemprosesan buah pemprosesan daging pemprosesan data pemprosesan data automatik pemprosesan galian/ pemprosesan mineral pemprosesan ikan pemprosesan makanan pemprosesan semula bahan bakar pempurataan kumulatif pemuasan untung pemugaran kawasan mundur pemulauan pemulihan pemulihan air tanah
— —
—
— — —
— — —
— — -
pemulihan kumbahan peringkat pertama
data processing automatic data processing
pemulihan kumbahan pemulihan kumbahan peningkat kedua
processing of mineral
pemulihan modal pemulihan penduduk pemulihan peningkat kedua pemulihan peringkat ketiga pemulihan sendini alam sekitar pemulihan sisa lanjutan pemulihan sumber pemuliharaan; pengekalan pemulihanaan bangunan
fish processing food processing fuel reprocessing cumulative averaging profit satisfaction slum clearance boycott rehabilitation groundwater recharge 638
habitat restoration
—
obesity cure tertiary sewage treatment
—
primary sewage treatment
— —
sewage treatment secondary sewage treatment
—
capital recovery repopulation secondary recovery
—
tertiary recovery
— —
—
— — —
self-regeneration of environment advanced waste treatment resource recovery conservation building preservation
pemuliharaan biologi
pemuliharaan biologi pemuliharaan hidupan liar pemuliharaari kawasan pemuliharaan padang rumput ternakan pemuliharaan semula jadi pemuliharaan tanih pemuliharaan ternakan pemulihgunaan permukaan pemulihgunaan/penebusgunaan pemungutan kumbahan pemungutan sampah pemupukan laporan umur pemusatan pemusatan eksport pemusatan mutlak pemutus litar penahan banjir
penangkapan ilcan
—
biological conservation
penaikan
—
ascension
—
wildlife conservation
penaja syarikat
—
company promoter
conservation area pasture conservation
penaksiran; taksiran penaksiran pampasan; taksiran pampasan
natural conservancy soil conservancy/soil conservation livestock conservation surface reclamation
penaksiran perancangan penaksiran tubrukan persekitaran
— —
— —
— —
-
penambahan nilai penambahan semula penanaman berperingkat
reclamation
penandaan; peruntukan — — — — — — — -
penandaan semula sempadan
collection of sewage garbage collection heaping of age report centralization/centering export concentration absolute concentration circuit breaker flood proofing
penandatangan bersama penangguhan cukai penangguhan cukai pendapatan penanggungan risiko penangkapan ikan 639
—
assessment assessment of compensation
—
assessment of planning
—
—
—
— -
— —
environmental impact assessment revalution replenishment stagger planting earmarking boundary redesignation
-
co-signor withholding tax
-
withholding of income tax
—
—
risk beaning fish harvest
penangkapan ikan berlebihan
penangkapan ikan berlebihan penangkapan ikan laut terbuka penapisan penapisan gula bit
pencatuan kredit luaran
—
overfishing
—
open sea fishing
—
refining
—
beet sugar refining
penapisan petroleum
—
petroleum, refining
penasihat ekonomi
—
penaung penawar kimia penawaran penawaran agregat penawaran anjal penawaran berkesan penawaran benlebihan penawaran bersaingan penawaran bersama penawaran buruh tak terhad penawaran buruh penawaran faktor
— — — — — — — — —
— —
penawaran gas penawaran input penawaran keluaran ladang agregat penawaran komposit peflawaran mata wang asing penawaran minyak penawaran modal penawaran tercatu penawaran titik penawaran wang pencahayaan tak langsung pencairan pencapaian pelajaran pencari harga pencatuan
economic advisor patronage chemical antidote supply aggregate supply elastic supply effective supply excess supply/oversupply competitive supply joint supply unlimited labour supply.
pencatuan pencatuan pencatuan pencatuan
labour supply factor supply 640
air input kredit kredit luaran
—
— -
—
-
— — — — — — — — —
gas supply supply of input aggregate farm product supply composite supply supply of foreign currency oil supply capital supply rationed supply point supply money supply indirect illumination dilution educational attainment price searcher rationing water rationing input rationing credit rationing external credit rationing
pencatuan masa lapang pencatuan masa lapang pencatuan modal pencatuan modal dalaman pencatuan modal luaran pencatuan pengguna pencatuan tunai pencantuman pencantuman atom pencawang pencawang besar pencegahan jenayah pencegahan tumpahan minyak pencelup asas pencelup buatan pencemar boleh pecah pencemar kompleks pencemar peringkat kedua pencemaran pencemaran air pencemaran alam sekitar
pencernaan enap cemar
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
— — — — —
rationing of leisure capital rationing internal capital rationing external capital rationing consumer rationing cash rationing bounding atomic fussion sub-station main sub-station crime prevention prevention of oil spill
pencemaran atmosfera pencemaran kebisingan pencemaran perindustrian pencemaran perkapalan pencemaran pertanian pencemaran sungai pencemaran terma pencemaran timah hitam/ pencemaran plumbum pencemaran udara pencen pencen pencaruman pencepat pencepat boleh ubah pencepat perdagangan asing/pencepat perdagangan luar negeri pencepatan pencepatan seragam pencernaan aerob
basic dye artificial dye degradable pollutant complex pollutant secondary pollutant pollution water pollution environment pollution
pencernaan enap cemar 641
-
atmospheric pollution
—
noise pollution
— — — —
— — — — —
— — —
industrial pollution shipping pollution agricultural pollution river pollution thermal pollution lead pollution air pollution pension contributory pension accelerator flexible accelerator foreign trade accelerator
acceleration uniform acceleration aerobic digestion sludge digestion
penciptaan atom
penciptaan atom penciptaan guna tenaga penciptaan ke hadapan penciptaan kerja penciptaan kredit penciptaan perdagangan penciptaan perdagangan luar negeri penciptaan pefmintaan penciptaan wang pencirian pencukaian pencukaian andaian pencukaian barang modal pencukaian berdiskriminasi pencukaian berperaturan pencukaian diskriminasi pencukaian dua kali pencukaian hasil dalam negeni
pencukaian tabungan dun kali
— — — —
— — —
—
— -
—
— — — —
atom creation creation of employment forward creation job creation
pencukaian pencukaian pencukaian pencukaian pencukaian pencukaian pencukaian pencukaian
credit creation trade creation external trade creation
ikut kadar laba modal langsung minyak nilai ditambah nilai guna nilai tanah nilai tapak
pencukaian optimum pencukaian pemilik rumah pencukaian pendapatan luar negeri pencukaian penuh pencukaian perkhidmatan pencukaian pertanian pencukaian pertaruhan pencukaian progresif pencukaian rumah pencukaian subsidiari
demand creation money creation characterization taxation presumption taxation capital good taxation discriminatory taxation regulatory taxation discrimination taxation double taxation internal revenue taxation
pencukaian tabungan dua kali 642
— — — — — — — —
— — —
proportionate taxation capital gain taxation direct taxation oil taxation value-added taxation use value taxation land-value taxation site value taxation optimal taxation taxation of home owner overseas income taxation
—
full taxation service taxation agricultural taxation betting taxation progressive taxation taxation of house taxation of subsidiary
—
double taxation of saving
— — — — — —
pencukaian unit keluarga
pencukaian unit keluanga pendaftaran kematian pendaftaran lewat pendaftaran tanah pendahuluan pendahuluan bank pendahuluan tunai pendamaian pendamaian untuk kecekapan pendanaan pendapatan pendapatan antana bidang kuasa pendapatan anuiti pendapatan benar pendapatan benan negara pendapatan bersih pendapatan boleh cukai pendapatan boleh guna
pendapatan luar ladang
—
taxation of family unit
—
death registration
— —
— — —
— —
-
— —
— —
— — —
pendapatan bukan pertanian pendapatan bukan wang pendapatan bunga; pendapatan faedah pendapatan buruh
delayed reporting land registration advance bank advance cash advance conciliation conciliation for efficiency
income interjunisdictional income annuity income real income national real income net income taxable income disposable income 643
— —
—
pendapatan buruh benar
—
pendapatan d~jangka
—
pendapatan diperoleh pendapatan gansan kemiskinan pendapatan harta benda pendapatan kasar pendapatan kasar terlaras pendapatan kendalian pendapatan kepurataan pendapatan ladang pendapatan ladang bersih pendapatan ladang purata pendapatan luar ladang
funding
—
non-agricultural income non-monetary income interest inconie labour income real labour income expected income! anticipated income
—
earned income
—
poverty line income
— — — — — — — — —
property income gross income adjusted gross income operating income income averaging farm income net farm income average farm income off-farm income
pendapatan luar negeri/pendapatan asing
pendapatan luar negeni/ pendapatan asing pendapatan melepas pendapatan negara pendapatan nominal pendapatan pariti/ pendapatan kesetaraan pendapatan pengguna pendapatan per kapita pendapatan per orang pendapatan persaraan pendapatan perseorangan pendapatan pindahan pendapatan purata pendapatan sementara pendapatan sewaan pendapatan sut pendapatan tak usaha pendapatan tetap pendapatan tetap purata pendapatan wang
—
foreign income
—
forgone income
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
pendekatan entiti berasingan pendaraban kemudian pendaraban matniks pendatang pendedahan kepada nisiko
national income nominal income parity income
pendeflasi pendeflasi harga tersirat pendekatan ahli struktur pendekatan akruan pendekatan bahagian pasaran pendekatan baki benar pendekatan baki tunai pendekatan Bayes pendekatan Box-Jenkins pendekatan cukai tak langsung pendekatan daya pengeluaran pendekatan dinamik pendekatan entiti herasingan
consumer income per capita income income per head retirement income personal income transfer income average income transitory income rental income marginal income unearned income permanent income average permanent income money income 644
—
post multiplication
-
matrix multiplication
-
immigrants
—
exposure to risk
— — — — —
deflator implicit price deflator structuralist approach accrual approach market share approach
-
real balance approach cash-balance approach Bayesian approach Box-Jenkins approach indirect tax approach
-
productivity approach
— — — —
— —
dynamic approach separate entity approach
pendekatan faedah-kos
pendekatan pendekatan pulangan pendekatan pendekatan pendekatan pendekatan Pareto
faedah-kos kadar kekecualian keperluan kepotensian keselamatan
pendekatan uji kaji
— —
— — — —
benefit-cost approach rate of returns approach
pendekatan pensampelan berteoni pendekatan perancangan pendekatan perancangan matematik
neutrality approach requirements approach potentiality approach Pareto-safety approach
-
expenditure approach
—
pendekatan perkongsian
pendekatan kompromi
—
compromise approach
pendekatan pragmatik pendekatan prestasi eksport pendekatan saintifik
pendekatan pendapatan perbelanjaan pendekatan pendapatan tetap pendekatan penggunaan buruh
— — —
—
-
—
pendekatan pendekatan pendekatan pendekatan faktor
income expenditure approach permanent income approach labour utilization approach
senarai-semak senario situasi sumbangan
pendekatan tabunganpelaburan pendekatan uji kaji 645
planning approach mathematical planning approach reduced planning approach
classical approach Lagrangian approach value-added approach orthodox approach profit maximization approach
—
—
—
—
-
sampling-theoretic approach
pendekatan perancangan tersingkat pendekatan perbelanjaan
pendekatan klasik pendekatan Lagrange pendekatan nilai ditambah pendekatan ortodoks pendekatan pemaksimuman untung
—
— -
—
partnership approach pragmatic approach export performance approach scientific approach
—
checklist approach scenario approach situational approach factor share approach
—
saving-investment approach
—
experimental approach
— — —
pendekatan undang-undang
pendekatan undangundang pendidikan pendidikan formal pendikotomian pendinginan sekali lalu pendiskaunan pendiskaunan pendapatan pendorong merosak penduduk penduduk; populasi penduduk aktif segi ekonomi penduduk bandar penduduk berlebihan penduduk bermastautin penduduk finit/penduduk terhingga penduduk hidupan liar penduduk hipotetik/ populasi hipotetik
penelahan linear
—
legal approach
—
education
— — — — — -
— —
-
-
-
penduduk infinit/ penduduk tak terhingga penduduk kian tua/ penduduk berumur penduduk ladang penduduk limpahan penduduk optimum penduduk perempuan penduduk sasaran; populasi sasaran penduduk stabil penduduk tenimbang pendudukan pendudukan haram pendulu terdekat pendusunan penebusan
formal education dichotomisation once-through cooling discounting income discounting damaging stimulus habitant population economically activepopulation urban population overpopulation resident population finite population
penebusgunaan tanah penegasan
wildlife population hypothetical population
646
-
infinite population
-
ageing population
— -
— — — -
farm population overspill population optimum population female population target population stable population balanced population habitation adverse occupancy immediate predecessor orcharding redemption
-
reclamation of land highlighting
penelahan jeda
—
interval prediction
penelahan linear
—
linear prediction
—
penelahan prestasi
penentu dualisme
penelahan prestasi
—
performance prediction
penelahan titik
—
point prediction
penempahan/perizaban
—
reservation
penempatan penempatan; penyelesaian penempatan bandar penempatan benkumpul penempatan latihan penempatan luar bandar penempatan manusia penempatan menjalar penempatan semula penempatan semula industri penempatan semula penduduk penempatan semula setinggan penempatan serta-merta penempatan tapak penempatan tentera
— — — — —
—
—
— — -
penempatan tepi sungai penempatan tertambak penemuan penemuan berpotensi perdagangan penemuan boleh maju
positioning settlement urban settlement nucleated settlement training placement rural settlement human settlement ribbon settlement relocation relocation of industry
penemuan gas penemuan liar penemuan logam skrap
—
— —
—
developable discovery
penemuan masa depan
—
future discovery
penemuan minyak terbesar
—
enhanced oil recovery
— —
— —
— —
squartters resettlement
647
discovery potentially commercial
—
penemuan petroleum penemuan ulung teknologi
immediate settlement siting military settlement
niverine settlement levee settlement
gas strike wildcat strike scrap metal recovery
penemuan minyak penemuan penting
relocation of population
—
penemuan utama
—
penentu agihan
—
penentu dualisme
—
oil strike significant discovery petroleum discovery technological breakthrough primary recovery determinant of distribution determinant of dualism
penentu harp
penentu harga penentu matriks penentu pelaburan penentu pertumbuhan penentu tabungan penentu taraf hidup penentu Hesse penentu Jacob penentuan harga penentuan harga bagi kesesakan penentuan harga barang awam penentuan harga barang sosial penentuan harga bayangan penentuan harga beban masa puncak penentuan harga bersama penentuan harga daging
penentuan harp sut
—
— — -. — — — — — —
price maker/price determinant
penentuan harga berbilang bahagian
determinant of matrix investment determinant growth determinant determinant of saving living standard determinant Hessian determinant Jacobian determinant price determination pricing for congestion
penentuan harga diskriminasi
-
public goods pricing
—
social good pricing
— —
-
penentuan harga gas penentuan harga insentif/ penentuan .harga galakan penentuan harga kitaran hayat penentuan harga kos penuh penentuan harga kos purata penentuan harga kos sut penentuan harga margin kecil penentuan harga peoligopoli penentuan harga pindahan penentuan harga selengan penentuan harga sut
shadow pricing peak-load pricing common pricing meat pricing 648
—
multi-part pricing
—
discrimination pricing
—
gas pricing incentive pricing
—
life-cycle pricing
-
full-cost pricing
—
average cost pricing
—
-
—
marginal cost pricing pricing out
-
oligopolist pricing
—
— —
transfer pricing arm’s length pricing marginal pricing
penentuan harga tertadbir
penerimaan insurans nyawa
penentuan harga tertadbin
—
penentuan harga tokok
—
penentuan kadar
—
mark-up pricing rate determination
—
variable costing
—
process costing
penentuan kos berubah/ pengekosan berubah penerituan kos proses/ pengekosan proses penentuan kos sut/ pengekosan sut penentuan kos tak langsung/pengekosan tak langsung penentuan kos penentuan kos/ pengekosan penentuan masa pendapatan penentuan masa perbelanjaan awam penentuan masa perubahan struktur penentuan mutlak
administered pricing
—
marginal costing
—
indirect costing
— —
—
penentuan sebab-musabab penentuan sempadan wilayah penen man sempadan penentuan sewa penentuan tugas penentuan upah penenima penerima alternatif penenima anuiti penerima hak penerimaan penerimaan bank penenimaan bersyarat penerimaan cukai penerimaan harga
cost finding costing timing of income
—
timing of public spending
—
timing of structural change
—
penentuan pendapatan penentuan sasaran
penerimaan insurans penerimaan insurans nyawa
absolute determination 649
— —
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— —
income determination target setting causally determine delineation of region delineation rent determination specification of task wage determination payee, acceptor alternative payee annuitant assignee acceptance bank acceptance qualified acceptance tax receipt price taker insurance proceeds life insurance proceeds
penerimaan ladang
penerimaan ladang penerimaan mengatasi bantahan penenimaan tunai penenimaan tunai ladang penetapan/penentuan penetapan nitrogen pengabaian cukai harta benda pengadilan kekurangan pengagih/pengedar pengagihan; taburan; pengedaran pengagihan fizikal pengagihan kekayaan pengagihan kuasa beli pengagihan optimum pengagihan pendapatan pengagihan pendapatan lognormal
pengairan air
— —
— — — —
— —
—
-
farm receipt acceptance supra protest
pengagihan pengagihan individu pengagihan komuniti pengagihan bangsa
cash receipts farm cash receipt designation nitrogen fixation property tax delinquency
semula semula antara
— —
semula antara
—
semula antara-
—
pengagihan semula optimum Pareto
—
deficiency judgement distributor distribution
pengagihan semula pendapatan
physical distribution wealth distribution purchasing power distribution
pengagregatan pengagregatan antara input
—
pengagregatan atas input
—
optimal distribution distribution of income lognormal income distribution
pengagregatan isi rumah pertanian
pengagihan semula pendapatan etik
pengainan pengairan air 650
redistribution interindividual redistribution intercommunity redistribution international redistribution Pareto optimal redistri bution income redistribution
—
—
ethical income redistribution aggregation aggregation within input
—
aggregation over input agricultural household aggregation
-
irrigation
—
water irrigation
pengairan air panas
pengairan air panas pengajaran falsafah pengakuan jurubank pengalih permintaan pengalihan/penganjakan; pindah pengalihan cukai pengaliran bandar pengaliran buruh pengaliran elektnik pengaliran kuasa elektnik
penganggar normal terbaik asimptot
penganggar cekap
—
warm-water irrigation scholastic banker’s reference
—
demand shifter
—
shifting
penganggar ganda dua terkecil bias
— —
—
shifting of tax urban drift
—
fluidity of labtiur
—
electric transmission
—
—
penganggar ganda dua terkecil
penganggar ganda dua terkecil teram Aitken penganggar jeda penganggar kebolehjadian maksimum
—
—
—
-
ordinary least squares estimator Aitken’s generalized leastsquares estimator interval estimator maximum likelihood estimator consistent estimator
penganggar kelas K
—
K-class estimator
penganggar linear
—
linear estimator
pengambilan pemilikan
—
pengambilan tanah awal
—
advance land acquisition
penganggar maklumat terhad
pengambilan tanah
-
acquisition of land
penganggar nalar
compulsory acquisition estimator multidimensional estimator
penganggar nisbah varians terkecil
—
least squares estimator
—
withdrawal acquisition of ownership
—
—
penganggar kekal
—
—
efficient estimator
transmission of electric power
pengambilan; penanikan
pengambilan wajib penganggar penganggar berbilang dimensi
—
penganggar normal terbaik asimptot 651
-
—
—
—
limited-information estimator regular estimator least variance ratio estimator best asymptotically normal estimator
penganggar paling cekap
penganggar paling cekap penganggar ralat ganda dua mm minimum penganggar S tak bias linear terbaik penganggar sistematik mudah terbaik penganggar tak bias penganggar tak bias linear terbaik penganggar tak bias terambang penganggar tak bias terbaik penganggar tak bias varians minimum
penganggaran nisbah
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
—
—
most efficient estimator
penganggar vanians minimum
minimum mean squares error estimator
penganggaran
—
minimum variance estimator
—
estimation
—
linear mixed estimation
best linear unbiased S estimator
penganggaran bercampur linear
best easy systematic estimator
penganggaran berjt~jukan
—
sequential estimation
penganggaran campuran
—
mixed ‘estimation
unbiased estimator
penganggaran fungsi pengeluaran
best linear unbiased estimator randomized unbiased estimator
penganggaran ganda dua terkecil
best unbiased estimator
penganggaran ganda dua terkecil tak langsung
minimum variance unbiased estimator
—
—
—
estimation of production function/production function estimation least-squares estimation indirect least-squares estimation
penganggaran hampir
—
approximate estimating
—
inefficient estimator
penganggaran keanjalan
—
estimation of elasticity
penganggar teguh
—
robust estimator
penganggar terbias
—
biased estimator
penganggaran kebolehjadian maksimum
penganggar titik hujung
—
end point estimator
penganggaran nisbah
penganggar tak Lekap
652
-
—
maximum likelihood estimation ratio estimation
penganggaran parameter terkonstren/penganggaran parameter terkekang
penganggaran parameter terkonstren/penganggaran parameter terkekang penganggaran permukaan gerak balas penganggaran statistik
—
—
—
penganggaran tiruan penganggaran titik pengangguran pengangguran agregat pengangguran bandar pengangguran belia pengangguran bermusim pengangguran desa/pengangguran luar bandar pengangguran geseran pengangguran kitaran pengangguran knonik pengangguran struktur pengangguran sukarela
constrained estimation of parameter
pengangguran tak ketara pengangguran teknologi pengangguran terpaksa pengangguran tersembunyi pengangkaan pengangkaan de facto pengangkaan de jure pengangkut umum
estimation of response surface statistical estimation synthetic estimation
—
— — — — —
point estimation unemployment aggregate unemployment urban unemployment youth unemployment seasonal unemployment rural unemployment
—
frictional unemployment
-
cyclical unemployment
—
chronic unemployment
-
pengangkutan air pengangkutan awam pengangkutan besarbesaran pengangkutan kereta api pengangkutan samudera pengangkutan udara penganjak keluk/pengalih keluk pengantara pengantaraan pengantaraan kewangan
structural unemployment voluntary unemployment 653
pengantaraan kewangan
-
disguised unemployment
-
technological unemployment involuntary unemployment
-
hidden unemployment
-
enumeration
—
— — -
— —
— — -
—
-
de facto enumeration de jure enumeration common carrier water transportation public transportation mass transportation railway transport marine transport air transport shifter of curve intermediator mediation financial intermediation
penganugerahan penganugerahan penganugerahan faktor penganugerahan semula jadi pengapung pengapungan pengarah bersekutu pengarah silih ganti pengarah urusan pengarahan jalan pengarbitraj pengaruh antara generasi pengaruh biotik pengaruh kewangan pengaruh penjajah pengasingan pengasingan garam-air pengasingan lalu lintas pengasingan pemilikan pengasingan punca pengatas
pengawetan; pengekalan; pemuliharaan
—
— -
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
endowment
pengaturan pengaturan bapa dan anak pengaturan keluarga pengaturan kewangan pengaturan kredit pengaturan pajakan pengaturan pemajakan pengaturan perdagangan wilayah pengaturan saling membantu pengaturan sewaan pengaturan zon
factor endowment natural endowment floater floatation associate director alternate director managing director routing arbitrager intergenerational influence biotic influence monetary influence colonial influence segregation desalting of water segregation of traffic separation of onwership separation of source numerator
pengauditan pengauditan pengurusan pengawal besar pengawal mata wang pengawalan iklim pengawasan pengawetan; pengekalan; pemuliharaan 654
— — — — — — —
—
— — -
— — —
— —
arrangement father and son arrangement family arrangement financial arrangement credit arrangement lease arrangement leasing arrangement regional trading arrangement swap arrangement rental arrangement zonal arrangement auditing management auditing controller general controller of currency climate control surveillance preservation
pengawetan makanan
pengawetan makanan pengayaan bijih permukaan pengayaan bijih sisa pengayaan peringkat kedua; penyuburan peringkat kedua
pengelakan ketaksamaan
—
food preservation surface enrichment of ore
—
residual enrichment of ore
—
secondary enrichment
-
pengayaan sulfida
-
pengecualian
—
pengecualian barang kepenluan pengecualian cukai pengecualian cukai pakaian pengecualian cukai tokok pengecualian pertanian pengecualian rumah tani pengecutan pengecutan sebenar pengecutan tisu pengedar tempatan
-
— -
— — — — — —
pengedar utama pengedaran utama pengedaran keluaran pengehadan pengehadan hutang pengehadan kewangan pengehadan modal ladang pengehadan pengurusan pengehadan perancangan pengehadan sumber pengekalan hidrokarbon pengekalan legeh pengekalan sumber/ pemuliharaan sumber pengekalan sumber alam
sulphide enrichment exemption necessities exemption tax exemption clothing tax exemption surtax exemption agricultural exemption homestead exemption shrinkage actual shrinkage tissue shrink local distributor
pengekalan tenaga pengeksport pengekstrakan bahan pengelakan cukai pengelakan ketaksamaan 655
— — -
— — —
—
—
— — — —
main distributor main distribution product distribution limitation debt limitation financial limitation farm capital limitation management limitation limitation of planning resource limitation hydrocarbon conservation watershed conservation conversation of resource; resource conservation natural resource conservation conservation of energy exporter material extraction tax evasion inequality aversion
pengelakan mata wang pengelakan mata wang pengelakan risiko pengelasan dua hala pengelasan ekonomi pengelasan harta benda pengelasan isi rumah pengelasan kredit pengelasan masa pengelasan pasaran pengelasan pekerjaan pengelasan pemberi pinjam pengelasan sehala pengelasan sekuniti pengelasan silang pengelasan sumber pengelasan sumber tanah pengelasan tanafi pengelasan tenimbang pengelasan tersarang pengelasan tujuan
pengeluaran gasolin
— — — — — —
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — —
fight from currency risk-aversion two-way classification economic classification classification of property household classification
pengelasan tumbuhan pengeliruan tanggapan pengelola pengelolaan cukai pengelompokan/flokulasi pengeluar; penerbit pengeluar-penapis pengeluaran pengeluaran agregat pengeluaran awam pengeluaran bahan pengeluaran bawah laut pengeluaran berbilang peningkat pengeluaran berlebihan pengeluaran bermusim pengeluaran besar-besaran pengeluaran bijirin tunai pengeluaran biologi pengeluaran dagii~g pengeluaran gasolin
classification of credit time classification market classification occupational classification lender classification one way classification security classification cross-classification resource classification land resource classification land classification balanced classification nested classification purpose classification 656
— — — — — — — — — — -
— — — — — — —
plant classification perception distortion organizer tax handle flocculation producer producer-refiner production aggregate production public production material production subsea production multi-stage production overproduction seasonal production mass production cash-grain production biological production mçat production gasoline production
pengembangan Laplace
pengeluaran getah
pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran kambing
getah haba ikan kos terendah kredit ladang langsung lemak-
pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran pengeluaran kapitalis
lembu daging makanan mineral minyak normal organik penindustrian permit puncak secara
pengeluaran sektor
— —
— — — -
— —
— — — — — — —.
—
rubber production heat production
pengeluaran semula; pembiakan
fish production least cost production credit release farm production direct production fat-lamb production
pengeluaran skel besar pengeluaran skel kecil pengeluaran sumber pengeluaran susu pengeluaran swasta pengeluaran tahunan pengeluaran tak rasional pengeluaran tanaman pengeluaran ternakan pengeluaran utama; pengeluaran peningkat pertama
beef cattle production food production mineral production oil production normal production organic production industrial production issue permit peak production capitalistic production
pengembalian cukai pengembangan pengembangan air pengembangan bandar pengembangan binomial pengembangan ketara pengembangan Laplace
sectoral production 657
-
— — — — -
reproduction large scale production small scale production resource production milk production private production annual production irrational production crop production livestock production primary production
-
tax reversion expansion expansion of water town expansion binomial expansion apparent expansion
—
Laplace expansion
— — —
pengembangan linear
pengezonan lot besar
pengembangan linear
—
linear expansion
pengeringan
—
desiccation
pengembangan luas
—
superficial expansion
pengesahan
—
verification
absolute expansion demand expansion
pengesahan inflasi
—
pengesahan model
—
validation of inflation model validation/model verification
agricultural extension identification
pengesanan kembali
—
backtracking
—
—
random tracking
—
over identification
-
project identification
pengembangan mutlak pengembangan permintaan pengembangan pertanian pengenalpastian pengenalpastian berlebihan pengenalpastian projek pengenalpastian terkurang pengenapan kumbahan pengendalian dedua pengendalian dedua tentutup pengendalian kawal jauh pengendalian penjadualan pengendalian ~erniagaan koperasi pengetepian pemboleh ubah
— —
—
— — —
— —
—
pengesanan rambang/ penjejakan rambang pengesanan sisa
underidentification sewage sedimentation binary operation closed binary operation
—
residual tracking
pengetahuan/kebolehan
—
know-how
pengetahuan sempurna
-
perfect knowledge
pengetahuan teknik pengewangan
—
pengezonan pengezonan bandar
remote-controlled operation scheduling operation cooperative business operation
pengezonan berinsentif pengezonan bijih pengezonan desa pengezonan kediaman pengezonan lot besar
variable ommission
658
-
— —.
— — — —
technical know-how monetization zoning urban zoning incentive zoning zoning of ore rural zoning residential zoning large-lot zoning
penggantian pencegahan
pengezonan saiz lot minimum pengezonan saiz lot minimum penggadai janji pengganda pengganda belanjawan terimbang pengganda eksport pengganda guna tenaga asas pengganda import pengganda keadaan mantap pengganda kesan; pengganda dampak pengganda Keynes pengganda Lagrange pengganda pendapatan wilayah pengganda penduduk pengganda perdagangan antara wilayah
—
minimum-lot size zoning
pengganda perdagangan asing
-
mortgagor
—
multiplier
pengganda sewa kasar pengganda wang pengganti sempurna
-
balanced budget multiplier
—
export multiplier basic employment multiplier import multiplier steady-state multiplier
-
impact multiplier
— -
-
—
Keynesian multiplier Lagrange multiplier regional income multiplier
—
population multiplier
— —
—
penggantian penggantian antara bahan bakar penggantian antara faktor penggantian dalam pengeluaran penggantian dalam penggunaan penggantian faktor penggantian import penggantian penggantian penggantian penggantian batu penggantian
interregional trade multiplier 659
individu input kelompok minyak-arang pencegahan
—
—
— -
foreign trade multiplier gross rent multiplier money multiplier perfect subsitute replacement/substitution interfuel substitution
—
substitution between factor substitution in production
—
substitution in consumption
-
— —
factor substitution import substitution
-
individual replacement input substitution group replacement oil-coal substitution
—
preventive replacement
— —
penggantian rainbang
penggantian rambang penggantian terancang
penggunaan kredit
—
random replacement planned replacement trade dependence
penggasan arang batu
-
gasification of coal
penggasan minyak
—
oil gasification
penggearan modal
-
penggearan tinggi
-
capital gearing high gearing
—
beef fattening
penggantungan perdagangan
penggemukan lembu daging penggenapan giliran dan keluaran. sampingan
— —
—
—
penggerudian penilaian
—
credit mobilizer appraisal drilling
penggiliran
—
queueing
—
trail drive log rolling
penggravitian
-
gravitation
penggravitian perdagangan
—
peuggredan
-
—
penggumpalan pengguna penggunaan air penggunaan air bukan konsumtif penggunaan awam penggunaan baja penggunaan berlebihan penggunaan besar-besaran
rotation and by-product complementarity
penggerak kredit
penggiringan penggolekan balak
penggredan dan penskalaan
penggunaan penggunaan penggunaan manusia penggunaan penggunaan penggunaan penggunaan penggunaan
commercial gravitation grading 660
daging isi rumah kepada modal kertas cetak kini kolektif konsumptif kredit
—
grading and scaling
—
coagulation consumer
—
water consumption
—
—
—
— — —
— — -
— — — — -
non-consumption use of water civilian consumption! public consumption fertilizer use excess consumption mass consumption meat consumption household consumption application to human capital newsprint consumption present consumption collective consumption consumptive use credit utilization
penggunaan lagak
penggunaan lagak penggunaan makanan penggunaan makanan diproses penggunaan makanan per kapita penggunaan masa depan penggunaan minyak penggunaan minyak dunia penggunaan modal penggunaan optimum penggunaan pelayan penggunaan perlu penggunaan; permohonan penggunaan persendirian penggunaan ruang penggunaan saingan penggunaan sementara penggunaan semula bahan penggunaan semula untuk pemuliharaan
penghantaran
— — —
—
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
conspicuous consumption food consumption processed food consumption
penggunaan sumber
per capita food consumption
penggunaan tak bersaing penggunaan tanah penggunaan tanah tak boleh balik semula penggunaan tembakau penggunaan tenaga penggunaan tenaga dunia penggunaan tetap penggunaan tetap purata
penggunaan sumber suboptimum penggunaan susu
future consumption oil consumption world oil consumption capital consumption optimum consumption server utilization essential consumption application personal consumption space consumption rival consumption transitory consumption material reuse reuse for conservation
penghabluran air penghadaman tiruan penghampiran penghampiran kuadratik penghampiran lebih tinggi penghampiran linear penghantaran 661
—
—
—
— —
— — —
— — — — — —
resource consumption sub-optimal resource utilization milk consumption non-rival consumption land utilization irreversible land use tobacco consumption energy consumption world energy consumption permanent consumption average permanent consumption crystalization of water artificial digestion approximation quadratic approximation higher approximation linear approximation transmission
penghantaran teknologi
pengiklanan
penghantaran teknologi
-
technological transmission
pengharmonian
—
harmonization
pengharmonian cukai penghasiltambahan penghasiltambahan menegak penghentian kerja pengherotan faktor-harga penghijrah penghijrahan penghijrahan balik penghijrahan bandar penghijrahan cendekiawan penghijrahan desa-bandar penghijrahan luar bandar penghijrahan pilihan sendiri penghijrahan sempadan penghijrahan tarikan pengh~jrahantolakan penghimpun; pemasang
— -
— — — — — -
-
penghitungan; pengiraan penghitungan separa/ penghitungan sebahagian penghubung/komunikator
harmonization of tax summation vertical summation
penghuni penghuni; penduduk
work stoppage work-price distortion migrant migration reverse migration urban migration brain drain rural-urban migration rural migration self-selective migration
penghuni pemilik penghuni tetap
— —
communicator dweller occupant owner occupier permanent resident
penghunian
—
occupancy
penghuraian kerja
-
job description
pengliutanan semula
—
penghutang penghutang perdagangan
—
pengiklanan institusi 662
-
computation partial enumeration
—
pengiklan pengiklanan pengiklanan bersaingan pengiklanan di tempat jualan
border migration pull migration push migration assembler
-
—
—
inSdtUSi
reforestation debtor trade debtor
—
advertiser advertising competitive advertising joint of sale advertising
—
institutional advertising
— — —
pengildanan perdagangan
pengikianan perdagangan pengiklanan perindustrian pengikianan prestij
pengkhususan negara
— —
—
commercial advertising
pengiriman luar (wang)
industrial advertising prestige advertising
pengiriman udara pengisaran kumbahan pengitaran pengitaran semula sampah pengkadaran pengkadaran merit pengkadaran potongan pengkadaran sampel pengkaedahan pengkarbonan pengkartelan pengkhususan pengkhususan berlebihan pengkhususan buruh pengkhususan daerah pengkhususan inn-aindustri pengkhususan mendatar pengkhususan menegak pengkhususan negara
pengiklanan umpan
—
pengiktirafan penggunaan
—
bait advertising consumer recognition
pengilarig
—
manufacturer/miller
pengimbasan data pengindeks pengindeksan pengindeksan harga minyak mentah pengindeksan minyak mentah perindustrian pengiodinan pengiraan cukai pendapatan pengiraan pariti/ pengiraan kesetaraan pengiriman; kiriman; penghan taran
—
data scanning indexer indexation
—
crude price indexation
-
crude oil indexation
—
— — —
-
—
industrialization iodization computation of income tax computation of parity shipment
663
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
migrant remittance air shipment grinding of sewage cycling waste recycling rating merit rating prorating of deduction sample proportion methodology carbonation cartelization specialization excessive specialization specialization of labour specialization of locality intra-industry specialization horizontal specialization vertical specialization specialization of country
pengkhususan peralatan
pengkhususan peralatan pengkhususan pertanian pengklorinan pengkolektifan pengkompaunan pengkonglomeratan bandar pengkonglomeratan luar bandar pengkontenaan pengkuantiti penglibatan penglinearan grid pengoksida pengoksida fotokimia
penguatkuasaan
—
specialization of tool
—
agricultural specialization chlorination
—
collectivization
—
—
compounding urban conglomeration
—
rural conglomeration
—
— — — —
oxidant photochemical oxidant
pengoksidaan berperingkat
-
fractional oxidation
pengoksidaan kimia
—
pengolahan pengolahan laba modal pengoptimuman
— — —
-
adaptive optimization
—
unconstrained optimization
—
constrained optimization
pengorbanan berkadar
—
proportional sacrifice
pengorbanan mutlak
—
absolute sacrifice
pengoptimuman tak berkonstren/pengoptimuman tak berkekangan pengoptimuman terkonstren/pengoptimuman terkekang
containerization quantifier commitment grid linearization
—
—
pengoptimuman mudah suai
pengorbanan sosial pengorbanan sut pengozonan pengtakantaraan
— —
—
ozonization/ozonation disintermediation
penguasaan
—
dominance
penguasaan ekonomi
—
—
chemical oxidation manipulation capital gain treatment optimization 664
social sacrifice marginal sacrifice
economic domination/ economic dominance
penguasaan guna tenaga
—
employment dominance
pengnasaan minoriti
—
minority control
penguatkuasaan
—
enforcement
penguatkuasaan konservatif penguatkuasaan konservatif pengubah mangkin pengubahsuai kecekapan pengubahsuaian pengubahsuaian bangunan pengubahsuaian cuaca pengudaraan semula pengujian empirik pengujian hipotesis pengujian membinasa pengujian tanah pengukur nilai pengukuran/penyukatan pengukuran cuaca pengukuran ketakstabilan eksport pengukuran ketepatan padanan pengukuran lebihan pengukuran modal
pengundian kitaran
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-
—
conservative reinforcement
pengukuran pembangunan ekonomi pengukuran risiko perniagaan
catalytic converter efficiency modifier modification/renovation
pengumpuk
building renovation weather modification reaeration empirical testing hypotesis testing destructive testing soil testing yardstick of value measurement weather measurement measurement of export instability goodness of fit measurement measurement of surplus
pengumpul risiko pengumpulan pengumpulan data keratan lintang
665
—
pengunipulan modal pengumpulan risiko pengumpulan susu penguncupan penguncupan semula pengundian median pengundian pengundian ikut mata
measurement of economic development business risk measurement
—
alloter pooler of risk
—
accumulation/pooling
—
—
pengumpulan faktor
pengundian kemajmukan pengundian kitaran
measurement of capital
—
—
— — —
— -
— —
poohng of cross-section data factor accumulation capital accumulation pooling risk milk assembly contraction reconstracting median voter voting point voting plurality voting cyclic voting
pengurusan saintifik
pengundian secara penyatuan
pengundian secara penyatuan pengunduran; regresi pengunjuran; unjuran penguraian pengurangan pengurangan; rosotan pengurangan (kos harga) pengurangan cukai pengurangan harga pengurangan kesuburan manusia pengurangan pencemaran pengurangan penduduk; depopulasi pengurangan penduduk luar bandar pengurangan penyimpanan penguiang tumpatan (gelombang bunyi)
—
voting by coalition
—
regression
—
projection
pengurus kawasan pengurus kontrak
decomposition reduction
pengurus pengendalian
— —
—
attenuation abatement (cost price) tax reduction price reduction
—
human fertility reduction
— — —
-
rural depopulation reduction of storage
—
rarefactim (sound wave)
pengurusjualan
—
666
manager
—
sales manager area manager
—
contract manager
—
operations manager
—
management
—
estate management
pengurusan hidupan liar
—
wildlife management
pengurusan hutan
—
forest management
pengurusan hutang
—
pengurusan kewangan
-
pengurusan pengurusan pengurusan pengurusan pengurusan tani pengurusan pengurusan
depopulation
—
—
pengurusan pengurusan harta pusaka; pengurusan ladang
pollution abatement —
pengurus
koperasi legeh mergastua perikanan perniagaan pertukaran saintifik
debt management financial management
—
cooperative management watershed management game management fishery management agribusiness management
-
exchange management
—
scientific management
— — —
pengurusan sumber
penjajaran jalan talc nalar
pengurusan sumber
—
resource management
pengurusan tanah
—
land management
pengusahaan tanah pengusiran peniaga/peraih peniaga perseorangan ptnilai projek penilaian penilaian beraktuari penilaian faedah penilaian harta tanah penilaian input penilaian model penilaian penganggar penilaian pinjaman penilaian projek
— —
— — — —
— —
— — — — — —
penilaiari semula — penilaian semula d~jangka—
penilaian sumber penilaian tanah penilaian tanaman penimbangtara penimbangtaraan peniudasan penindasan perdagangan luar negeri
land cultivation deportation dealer sole trader project evaluator appraisal/evaluation/ valuation actuarial valuation benefit evaluation/ valuation of benefit real estate appraisal input valuation model evaluation evaluation of estimator loan appraisal project evaluation/ project appraisal
peningkatan mutu tanah peningkatan pengeluaran peninjauan penisilin penjadualan penjadualan induk penjadualan kontrak penjadualan kredit penjadualan pengeluaran penjaja penjaja daging penjajaran jalan tak nalar
revaluation expected revaluation 667
—
resource valuation land valuation crop valuation arbitrator arbitration repression external trade suppression
—
land enhancement
— — — — —
— — — — —
production built-up reconnaisance penicillin scheduling master scheduling contract scheduling credit timing production scheduling drummer/hawker meat peddler irregular street alignment
penjajaran waktu terhilang
pensampelan berstrata
penjajaran waktu terhilang
—
leeway
penjerapan karbon
penjamin
—
guarantor
-
backing a bill
—
electric generator
penjimatan modal penjinakan penjual lelong penjualan ke hadapan penjualan langsung penjualan tak keruan penolong; pembantu penonjolan sektor pensampelan berbilang fasa pensampelan berbilang tahap pensampelan bergu pensampelan berjujukan pensampelan berkelompok dua tahap
penjaminan bil/penyandaran bil penjana elektrik penjana gas penjana nombor rambang penjanaan kuasa elektrik penjanaan optimum penjanaan pendapatan penjanaan tunai penjawab penjelasan bank penjelasan cawangan penjenamaan keluaran penjenisan luas penjenteraan ladang penjenteraan pertanian penjerapan
— —
— — — — — — — —
-
gas generator random number generator electric power generation optimal generation income generation cash generation respondent bank clearing branch clearing branding of product broad assortment farm mechanization agricultural mechanization adsorption
pensampelan bersistem pensampelan bersistem terulang pensampelan berstrata 668
—
carbon adsorption
-
capital saving domestication auction seller forward selling direct selling confused selling assistant sectoral articulation multi-phase sampling
-
multistage sampling
— — — — — — — —
—
—
— —
-
double sampling sequential sampling two-stage cluster sampling systematic sampling repeated systematic sampling stratified sampling
pensampelan terbatas
pensampelan bertujuan pensampelan bertujuan
—
purposive sampling
pensampelan pendua
-
replicate sampling
pensampelan berturutan
—
successive sampling
pensampelan penerimaan
—
acceptance sampling
mixed sampling sampling with recall
pensampelan penerimaan lot
—
lot acceptance sampling
sampling with replacement
pensampelan pertimbangan
two-phase sampling
pensampelan rambang benstrata
pensampelan campuran pensampelan dengan ingatan pensampelan dengan penggantian pensampelan dua fasa pensampelan ekstensif pensampelan gugusan pensampelan pensampelan pensampelan pensampelan rambang
kaji selidik kawasan kebetulan kuasi
—
—
-
— —
—
survey sampling area sampling accidental sampling quasi-random sampling
—
quota sampling
— —
stratified random sampling
-
simple random sampling
pensampelan senarai
—
list sampling
pensampelan songsang
—
inverse sampling
pensampelan menyeluruh
—
exhausive sampling
pensampelan tak langsung pensampelan tak sama kadar pensampelan tak terbatas pensampelan tanpa ingatan pensampelan tanpa penggantian
pensampelan pemeriksaan.
—
inspection sampling
pensarnpelan terbatas
pensampelan kuota pensampelan langsung pensampelan loteri
—
— —
direct sampling lottery sampling
669
judgemental sampling
—
pensampelan rambang mudah
extensive sampling cluster sampling
-
— —
—
-
—
indirect sampling disproportionate sampling unrestricted sampling sampling without recall sampling without replacement restricted sampling
pensampelan tersarang
pensampelan tersarang penskalaan penstabil penstabil automatik penstabil tersedia penstabilan penstabilan barangan/ penstabilan komoditi penstabilan ekonomi penstabilan fiskal penstabilan harga penstabilan pendapatan eksport penstabilan umum penstafan penstrataan penstrataan dua hala pensyilingan/penduitan pentadbir pentadbir perunding pentadbiran
pentalcstabilan pendapatan
—
— — — — —
— — — —
— — -
nested Sampling
pen tadbiran cukai
scaling stabilizer automatic stabilizer built-in stabilizer stabilization commodity stabilization
pen tadbiran keselamatan bersama
—
administration
—
pentadbiran penempatan semula pentadbiran penjajah pentadbiran pinjaman ladang pentadbiran statistik/ inferens statistik pen tadbiran stokyard
general stabilization staffing stratification
—
—
pentadbiran kredit ladang pentadbiran pembungkus
economic stabilization fiscal stabilization price stabilization export income stabilization
two way stratification coinage administrator consultant administrator
—
pentadbiran keselamatan ladang
pentafsiran ekonomi pentafsiran kualitatif pentafsiran peta pentaklorofenol pentakstabilan pendapatan 670
-
-
-
tax administration mutual security administration farm security adminisnation
-
farm credit administration
-
packer administration
-
resettlement administration
-
colonial administration
-
farm loan administration
—
statistical inference
—
stockyards administration
economic interpretation qualitative interpretation — map interpretation — pentachiorophenol —
-
income destabilization
penternakan ikan
penumpuan penduduk
penternakan ikan
—
fish farming
penumpuan
penuaian
—
harvesting
penumpuan; kepekatan
—
penuaian berterusan
—
continuous harvesting
penumpuan atmosfera
—
concentration atmospheric concentration
establishment acceptable assignment
penumpuan bahan pencemaran
—
concentration of pollutants
penumpuan barangan eksport/penumpuan komoditi eksport
—
delegation of work initial assignment reassignment tax ridden overcrowding money changer conversion stock-flow conversion
—
direct conversion
penubuhan penugasan boleh terima penugasan kerja penugasan permulaan penugasan semula penuh cukai penuh sesak penukar wang penukaran; perubahan penukaran aliran stok penukaran langsung penukaran magnetohidrodinamik penukaran tanah pertanian penukaran tenaga langsung penulenan air
— -
— — — — — —
—
—
convergence/agglomeration
commodity concentration of export
penumpuan dikuasai
—
dominated convergence
penumpuan ekonomi
-
economic concentration
—
finite concentration
penumpuan finit/ penumpuan terhingga penumpuan hampir menyeluruh penumpuan hampir pasti
—
almost everywhere convergence almost certain convergence
penumpuan kekayaan
—
concentration of wealth
cropland diversion
penumpuan lemah
—
weak convergence
—
direct energy conversion
penumpuan mm
—
mean convergence
penumpuan mutlak
—
absolute convergence
-
water purification
penumpuan penduduk
—
concentration of population
—
—
magnethohydrodynamic conversion
671
—
penwnpuan penjual penumpuan penjual penumpuan perindustrian penumpuan perkhidmatan penumpuan tempatan penundaan penundaan pencukaian penundaan pendapatan penunjuk penunjuk berkebetulan penunjuk ekonomi penunjuk lat penunjuk peristiwa penunjuk perniagaan penunjuk sosial penunuan penunuan buangan penuras fabrik penurasan penurasan berperingkat penurasan langsung
penyamaan cukal
— —
— —
— — — — —
seller concentration industrial concentration concentration of service local convergence deferral taxation deferral income deferral indicator coincident indicator
—
economic indicator lagging indicator indicator of an event business barometer
—
social indicator
— — —
— — — — —
penurasan vakum enap cemar penurunan nilai penurunan nilai syiling penutupan; perampasan penutupan gadai janji penyahmineralan air penyahmusiman penyahoksigen penyajian penyakit bawaan air/ penyakitjangkitan air penyakit sinaran penyaksian penyalahuntukan penyalahuntukan sumber
incineration incineration of waste fabric filter filtration fractional filtration direct filtration
penyaluran penyaluran pertumbuhan ekonomi
672
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
—
vacuum filtration of sludge devaluation debasement of coin foreclosure mortgage foreclosure demineralization of water deseasonalization deoxygenation catering water-borne disease radiation illness attestation misallocation resource misallocation canalization transmission of economic growth
penyamaan
—
equalization
penyamaan cukai
—
tax equalization
penyamaan harga faktor
penyejukan
penyamaan harga faktor
—
factor price equalization
penyamaan kadar untung
—
equalization of profit rate
penyata penyesuaian bank
—
equalization of wage rate
penyata perakaunan
-
accounting Statement
equalization of fiscal position equalization of returns cash flow statement seasonal cash flow statement annual cash flow statement
penyata perbandingan
—
comparison statement
penyamaan kadar upah penyamaan kedudukan fiskal penyamaan pulangan penyata aliran tunai penyata aliran tunai bermusim penyata aliran tunai tahunan penyata bank penyata cukai penyata jualan penyata kewangan penyata naratif penyata nilai bersih penyata pendapatan penyata pendapatan berbanding penyata penyesuaian
—
— — —
—
— — — — — — —
—
—
proforma statement
penyata realisasi
—
realization statement
—
cash statement profit and loss statement
penyataan algebra
-
algebraic representation
penyataan keutamaan
—
preference revelation
penyatuan
—
penyebab
—
penyebaran aktiviti ekonomi ikut geografi penyegitigaan penyejatan langsung penyejatan tak langsung penyej ukan 673
bank reconciliation statement
penyata proforma penyata tunai penyata untung rugi
bank statement tax return sales account financial statement narrative statement net worth statement income statement comparative income statement reconciliation statement
—
—
-
— — — —
merger/coalition/ consolidation/unionization causal geographic dispersion of economic activity triangularization direct evaporation indirect evaporation refrigeration
penyelesaian optimum merosot
penyejukan adiabatik penyejukan adiabatik penyela~rasan penyelarasan cukai penyelarasan cukai antarabangsa penyelarasan menegak penyelarasan perbelanjaan antarabangsa penyelengg~rastor
—
adiabatic cooling coordination tax coordination international tax coordination vertical coordination international expenditure coordination storekeeper
penyelenggaraan
—
maintenance
penyelenggaraan hutang penyelenggaraan pendapatan penyelerakan penyelesaian bahagian pasaran penyelesaian basis penyelesaian basis terosot penyelesaian berangka penyelesaian berbilang penyelesaian boleh laksana
— — -
— —
—
— —
— — —
—
penyelesaian boleh laksana basis
—
basic feasible solution
—
initial basic feasible solution
—
non-basic solution
penyelesaian cekap
—
efficient solution
penyelesaian cekap Pareto
—
Pareto efficient solution
penyelesaian boleh laksana basis permulaan penyelesaian bukan basis
penyelesaian graf penyelesaian imbuhan
graphical solution —
augmented solution
—
steady state solution
debt peonage income maintenance
penyelesaian keadaan mantap penyelesaian kompromi
—
compromise solution
dispersion market-share solution
penyelesaian lelaran
—
iterative solution
-
surplus food disposal
penyelesaian makanan lebihan penyelesaian masalah
basic solution degenerated basic solution numerical solution multiple solution feasible solution
-
problem solving
penyelesaian minimaks
-
mi~imaxsolution
penyelesaian optimum
-
optimal solution
penyelesaian optimum merosot 674
-
degenerate optimal solution
penyelesaian pasaran penyelesaian pasaran penyelesaian sempadan penyelesaian tak merosot penyelesaian tak terbatas penyelesaian tak trivial penyelesaian tertentu penyelesaian trivial penyelesaian umum penyelesaian unik penyelia luar penyelia pengukuran kerja penyelidikan penyelidikan penyelidikan bangunan penyelidikan
asas dan pemperindustrian geologi
penyelidikan penyelidikan penyelidikan penyelidikan
hidupan liar mudah suai pasaran pemasaran
penyerapan
— — — — — — — —
— — —
— — —
— —
— — —
market solution boundary solution nondegenerate solution unbounded solution non-trivial solution particular solution trivial solution general solution
penyelidikan pengendalian
—
social research socio-economic research generalization
penyeluruhan introspektif
—
introspective generalization
unique solution field supervisor work measurement supervisor research basic research industrial research and development geological investigation wildlife research
penyembunyian cukai
—
concealment of tax
penyenaraian bersama
—
penyelidikan perancangan penyelidikan pertanian penyelidikan sosial penyelidikan sosioekonomi penyeluruhan
penyepaian menegak penyerah hak penyerahan penyerahan hak; penugasan penyerahan hak kredit penyerahgantian (insurans perkapalan)
adaptive research market research marketing research 675
—
— —
— —
operational research/ operations research planning reseFch agricultural research
colisting
—
vertical disintegration assignor delivery
—
assignment
—
credit assignment
— —
—
abandonment (shipping insurance)
penyerap haba
—
heat absorber
penyerapan
-
absorption
penyerapan buruh
penyerapan buruh penyerapan buruh lebihan penyerapan cahaya penyerapan diaktifkan penyerapan eksponen penyerapan haba penyertaan awam penyertaan buruh
penyorokan
—
labour absorption
—
absorption of surplus labour
—
light absorption
—
—
— — —
penyertaan ikut kadar penyesuaian penyesuaian; pelarasan penyesuaian; pendamaian penyesuaian harga tetap penyesuaian kepada perubahan penyesuaian keutamaan bercanggah penyesuaian luaran penyesuaian manusia penyesuaian pertanian
penyesuaian stok modal penyewa penyewa ladang penyewaan sepanjang hayat penyewa tanah pertanian penyewaan cara keseluruhan penyewaan kediaman penyewaan ladang penyiaran notis penyiasatan penyiasatan antitrust penyimpan penyimpanan bijirin penyimpanan sisa penyimpangan dagangan penyinar/radiator penyingkiran Gauss
activated absorption exponential absorption heat absorption public participation labour participation proportionate participation adaptation
— — —
—
— —
adjustment reconciliation fixed price adjustment adjustment to change reconciliation of conflicting preference external compatibility human adaptation agricultural adjustment
penyokong penyorokan 676
— — — —
— —
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
capital stock adjustment tenant farm tenant life tenant agricultural tenant tenancy by the entirety residential tenancy farm tenancy publication of notice investigation antitrust investigation depositor grain storage storage of waste deflection of trade radiator Gaussian elimination backer hoarding
penyuapan sub.ad libitum
perak-timah hItam
penyuapan sub-ad libitum
—
sub-ad libitum feeding
penyuburan akuatik
—
aquatic fertilization
penyukatan aktiviti penduduk penyukatan buangan penyukatan efluen penyuku bawah/kuartil bawah penyulingan air penyulingan berperingkat penyuntikan gas penyuruh bayar penyusunan leksikografi penyusunan semula penyusunan semula dalaman penyusunan semula masyarakat penyusunan semula tanah penyusupan pasaran penyusupan penjajah
—
—
metering of population activity metering of discharge
—
metering of effluent lower quartile
—
distillation of water
—
fractional distillation
—
— — — —
—
gas injection drawer lexicographic ordering restructuring internal reorganization restructuring society
—
land reordering market penetration
—
colonial penetration
—
pepancaran bandar pepejal terapung pepejal sejat pepenjuru awal pepenjuru utama per kapita perabot jalan peracunan peracunan makanan peracunan oksigen peracunan ptomaina peracunan timah hitam/ peracunan plumbum peragaan/pameran peragaan jualan peragaan tingkap peragutan berlebihan perairan pasang surut dan daratan perak/argentum perak-timah hitam 677
— —
— — — -
— — — —
— —
urban sprawl suspended solid evapo-transpiration leading diagonal principal diagonal per capita street furniture poisoning food poisoning oxygen poisoning ptomaine poisoning lead poisoning display sales display window display overgrazing tidal and inland water silver silver-lead
perakaunan
perakaunan perakaunan aliran sektor perakaunan bermesin perakaunan fidusiari perakaunan kewangan perakaunan kos perakaunan ladang perakaunan negara perakaunan pengurusan perakaunan pertumbuhan perakaunan sejarah perakuan; s~jil perakuan baki perakuan kebolehan perakuan kecekapan perakuan kelayakan perakuan kemahiran perakuan kemajuan perakuan kuasa perakuan pemeriksaan perakuan pemugaran
perambangan tugasan
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
perakuan tak siap
accountancy; accounting sectoral flow accounting mechanized accounting fiduciary accounting financial accounting cost accounting farm accounting national accounting management accounting growth accounting historical accounting certificate balance certificate certificate of competency certificate of efficiency certificate of fitness certificate of proficiency progress certificate certificate of authorization inspection certificate clearance certificate
peralatan demografi peralatan matriks peralatan modal peramalan peramalan banjir peramalan bersyarat peramalan ekonomi peramalan harga ladang peramalan jangka panjang peramalan kadar kelahiran peramalan mudah suai peramalan output ladang peramalan segerak hati/ peramalan intuisi peramalan teknologi perambangan lengkap perambangan terbatas perambangan tugasan
678
—
— — — — — — — — — — —
— —
— —
certificate on non completion demographic transition matrix transition. capital equipment forecasting flood forecasting conditional forecasting economic forecasting forecasting farm price long-term forecasting birth-rate forecasting adaptive forecasting forecasting farm output intuitive forecasting technological forecasting complete randomization restricted randomization randomization of assignment
perampasan
perancangan boleh pmda
perampasan
—
confiscation/forfeiture
perampasan syer
—
forfeiture of share
—
active role
-
bureaucracy role
—
economic role
peranan aktif peranan birokrasi peranan ekonomi peranan eksekutif peranan negatif peranan pasif peranan pembelanjawanan peranan untuk kawalan langsung peranan untuk pujukan moral perancah mengunjur perancang bandar raya perancang pertanian perancang pusat perancangan perancangan ad hoc perancangan agregat
—
perancangan antara perbadanan perancangan antara wilayah perancangan atas-bawah perancangan bandar
executive role
—
negative role passive role
perancangan bandar dan desa
—
role in budgeting
perancangan bandar raya
—
role for direct control
perancangan belanjawan perancangan berarah
—
—
role for moral suasion
—
projecting scaffold city planner
-
agricultural planner
-
— -
perancangan objektif perancangan tingkat perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan
central planner planning ad hoc planning aggregate planning 679
-
intercorporate planning
—
interregional planning
—
top-down planning town planning/urban planning
—
town and country planning
-
city planning
-
-
berbilang
—
berbilang
—
berinovasi berpenilaian bersepadu bertahap boleh pinda
— — — -
budgetary planning indicative planning multi-objective planning multi-level planning innovative innovative planning evaluative planning integrated planning planning-in-stages rolling planning
perancangan boleh ubah
perancangan boleh ubah perancangan bukan totalitarian
perancangan menyeluruh
-
flexible planning
-
non-totalitarian planning
perancangan dahulu
-
preceding planning
perancangan dinamik
-
dynamic planning
perancangan ekonomi
—
economic planning
—
central economy planning
—
estate planning
perancangan ekonomi pusat perancangan estet perancangan faktor manusia
—
human factor planning
perancangan faset
—
face planning
perancangan fizikal
—
physical planning
perancangan guna tanah
—
land-use planning
perancangan guna tenaga
perancangan jangka pendek
employment planning
perancangan perancangan perancangan peráncangan perancangan sif
ke hadapan kejiranan keluarga keseluruhan komprehen-
perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan ekonomi perancangan mesin
kotej ladang lebuh raya luar bandar makromanusia-
perancangan ikut lelaran
-
planning by iteration
perancangan intrawilayah
-
intra-regional planning
perancangan masa depan perancangan masyarakat/ perancangan komuniti
-
long-term planning
perancangan jangka panjang
680
—
short-term planning forward planning neighbourhood planning family planning overall planning comprehensive planning
—
cottage planning farm planning highway planning rural planning macroeconomics planning
—
man-machine planning
— —
—
future planning community planning
perancangan mendesak
—
imperative planning
perancangan menyeluruh
-
global planning
—
perancangan mikro-ekonomi perancangan mikroekonomi perancangan mudah suai perancangan negara perancangan negatif perancangan perancangan tunggal perancangan perancangan
normatif objektif ortodoks paksian
perancangan pembangunan perancangan pendidikan perancangan penduduk perancangan pentadbiran menyeluruh perancangan pentadbiran perancangan penumpuan perancangan perbadanan perancangan peringkat blok
perancangan tradisional
—
— —
—
-
—
— -
-
— — — —
microeconomics planning
perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan perancangan
adaptive planning national planning negative planning normative planning single objective planning orthodox planning axial planning development planning/ planning development educational planning population planning total administration planning administration planning agglomeration planning corporate planning block-level planning
681
pertanian peruntukan piawai projek prospektif pusat Radburn sektor selanjar selari serentak sosial strategi struktur tak langsung tambahan teknik tempatan terbuka terperinci tradisional
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -
agricultural planning allocative planning standard planning project planning. prospective planning central planning Radburn planning sectoral planning continuous planning parallel planning simultaneous planning social planning strategic planning structural planning indirect planniHg adjunctive planning technical planning local planning open planning detailed planning traditional planning
peraturan kesepakatan
perancangan untuk pembangunan
perancangan untuk pembangunan perancangan wilayah peranekaan perang harga perangkap perangkap kecairan perangkap keseimbangan perangkap minyak perantaraan perantaraan wilayah peranti elektrokimia peranti elektronik peranti monitor strategi peranti pengubahan perantis perantisan perasa perasingan; peruntukan; pengambilgunaan perasionalan
—
— — — — —. — — — —
planning for development regional planning assortment price war trap liquidity trap equilibrium trap oil trap intermediary regional intermediary electrochemical device semiconductor device
—
strategic monitoring device conversion device apprentice apprenticeship seasoning appropriation
—
rationalization
— — — —
peraturan peraturan bangunan peraturan berkaitan peraturan Cramer peraturan dan perjanjian pemasaran peraturan empirik peraturan fungsi komposit peraturan fungsi songsang peraturan fungsi tersirat peraturan hasil bahagi peraturan ikut kebiasaan peraturan jualan untuk jualan semula peraturan kawal ralat peraturan keemasan peraturan keputusan peraturan keputusan terminal peraturan keputusan Markov peraturan kesepakatan 682
— — — — —
— — — — — — —
regulation building regulation related regulation Cramer’s regulation marketing orders and agreement empirical rule composite-function rule inverse-function rule implicit-function rule quotient rule rule of thumb sale for resale rule
—
error controlled regulation golden rule decision rule terminal decision rule
—
Markovian decision rule
—
unanimity rule
— —
peraturan keseragaman
peraturan kesemgamaii peraturan Lange-Lerner peraturan langsung peraturan liabiliti peraturan liabiliti penuh peraturan liabiliti sifar peraturan majoriti peraturan membilang peraturan musuh bersama peraturan output peraturan. pampasan peraturan pasaran peraturan pemadanan peraturan pemasaran susu peraturan pembeli peraturan pemberhentian peraturan pemberhentian optimum peraturan peminjaman peraturan pemisahan/ peraturan pembatasan
perawatan air argentum peraturan penambahan
—
uniformity rule Lange-Lerner rule direct regulation liability rule full liability rule zero liability rule majority rule counting rule common-enemy rule output regulation compensation rule market regulation. matching rule milk marketing order buyer order stopping rule optimal stopping rule borrowing rule
peratusan atom
—
atomic percentage
—
demarcation rule
peratusan pajakan perawatan air argentum
-
—
lease percentage
—
silver treatment of water
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — -
peraturan pencemar peraturan pengeluaran petroleum peraturan pengundian
addition rule
-
polluter regulation
—
petroleum production regulation
—
voting rule
—
north-west corner rule
—
normalization
peraturan perikanan
—
fishery regulation
peraturan pertukaran
—
exchange regulation
peraturan penjuru barat laut peraturan penormalan
-
petroleum regulation
—
equimarginal rule
peraturan tanda Descarte
—
Descartes’ rule of sign
peraturan utiliti awam
-
public utility regulation
peraturan petroleum peraturan sut sama
peratus kecacatan lot boleh terima
683
-
—
lot tolerance percent defective
perbadanan
perbadanan
perbelanjaan
incorporation
perbadanan terbuka
international corporation/ transnational
perbadanan tertutup perbalahan rancangan
—
public corporation
—
new town corporation
perbandaran perbandingan antara masa
—
perbadanan antarabangsa corporation perbadanan awam perbadanan bandar baru perbadanan bukan untung
—
perbadanan dalam negeri perbadanan kemajuan/ perbadanan pembangunan perbadanan kerajaan Perbadanan Kewangan An tarabangsa perbadanan kredit komoditi/barangan perbadanan kredit pengeluaran perbadanan multinasional/perbadanan berbilang negara
perhandingan antara orang
non-profit corporation domestic corporation
—
—
—
—
—
—
perbandingan antarabangsa
development corporation
perbandingan berganda Scheffe
government corporation
perbandingan daya pengeluaran
International Finance Corporation (IFC) commodity credit corporation production credit corporation
684
open corporation
—
closed corporation
—
disputer plan
-
municipality
—
intertemporal comparison interpersonal comparison
—
international comparison
—
—
Scheffe’s multiple comparison
-
productivity comparison
perbandingan guna tenaga
—
employment comparison
perbandingan harga tanah
—
land price comparison
perbandingan ladang
—
farm comparison
perbandingan struktur cukai antarabangsa
multinational corporation
—
perbandingan utiliti
—
international tax structure comparison utility comparison
perbelanjaan
—
expenditure/spending
—
perbelanjaan awam
perbelanjaan awam perbelanjaan berulang perbelanjaan dalam negeri kasar perbelanjaan defisit kerajaan perbelanjaan isi rumah perbelanjaan kebajikan perbelanjaan kerajaan perbelanjaan kesihatan perbelanjaan kurangan/ perbelanjaan defisit perbelanjaan lebihan kerajaan perbelanjaan makanan perbelanjaan makanan pengguna perbelanjaan modal perbelanjaan negara perbelanjaan negara kasar
percanggahan kaedali
-
— —
-
— — — — -
public expenditure/public spending recurring expenditure gross domestic expenditure government deficit expenditure
—
—
consumer food expenses
— — —
penawaran pengang~ persekutuan pertahanan
perbelanjaan swasta perbelanjaan tanaman perbelanjaan tenaga manusia perbelanjaan tunai perbendaharaan perbezaan antara industri perbezaan antara mm perbezaan bandar-desa perbezaan bererti perbezaan bertertib perbezaan graviti
household expenditure welfare expenditure government expenditure health expenditure deficit expenditure government surplus expenditure food expenditure
—
perbelanjaan perbelanjaan kutan perbelanjaan perbelanjaan
perbicaraan awam percanggahan
capital expenditure national expenditure gross national expenditure
percanggahan kaedah 685
-—
— —
— — —
— — — — — — — —
supply expenditure transportation expenditure federal expenditure defence expenditure/ defence spending private expenditure crop expense manpower expenditure cash expense treasury interindustry difference difference between mean urban-rural difference significant difference ordered difference gravity differential
—
public hearing contradictory
—
battle of method
—
peredaan (pencemaran)
percanggahan fahaman bulion/kontroversi fahaman bulion percanggahan fahaman bulion/kontroversi fahaman bulion
-
bullionist controversy
percubaan bebas
-
independent trial
percubaan Bernoulli
—
Bernoulli trial
percubaan berulang
—
repeated trials
—
pig-feeding trial
percubaan memberi makan babi percuma di sisi kapal
—
free alongside (F.A.S.)
percuma ke atas gerabak
—
free on rail (F.O.R.)
percuma ke atas kapal
—
free on board (F.O.B.)
—
free on quay;
perdagangan
—
commerce; trade
perdagangan antarabangsa
—
international trade
perdagangan ar~ngbatu
-
coal traffic
—
foreign trade
—
multilateral free trade
percuma sampai ke dermaga
perdagangan asing/ perdagangan luar negeri perdagangan bebas berbilang hala
perdagangan berbilang hala perdagangan dalam negeri perdagangan dua hala perdagangan dunia perdagangan eksport perdagangan enirepot perdagangan intrawilayah perdagangan jangka panjang perdagangan ke depan perdagangan kulit dunia perdagangan pengedaran perdagangan pertanian perdagangan runcit perdagangan saksama perdagangan sempadan perdagangan sosialis perdagangan terimbang perdagangan timur-barat
(F.O.Q.)
peredaan (pencemaran) 686
—
-
— — -
— — — —
multilateral trade domestic trade bilateral trade world trade export trade entrepot trade intraregional trade long-run trade futures trading world skin trade distributive trade agricultural trade retail trade fair trade border trade socialist trade balanced trade east-west trade abatement (pollution)
peredaan bising
peredaan bising peredaran peredaran wang peregresi peregresi stokastik peregresi bukan berbilang koiinear pereka baru perendang kopi pereputan aerob pereputan anaerob peresapan teknologi/ pembauran teknologi pergantungan pergelutan masa depan pergerakan bermusim pergerakan buruh pergerakan emas pergerakan faktor pergerakan harga pergerakan harga kitaran
pergudangan awam
— —
— — — —
— — — — -
— — — — — —
noise abatement circulation
pergerakan imbangan pergerakan jangka panjang pergerakan kerak bumi pergerakan kitaran pergerakan kos pergerakan lalu lintas pergerakan modal abnormal pergerakan modal jangka panjang pergerakan modal pergerakan pejalan kaki pergerakan penduduk pergerakan pengekalan pergerakan penunjuk pergerakan penyatuan pergerakan sepanjang keluk
circulation of money regressor stochastic regressor non-multicollinear regressor innovator coffee roaster aerobic decomposition anaerobic decay technological diffusion/ diffusion of technology dependence future struggle seasonal movement labour movement gold movement factor movement price movement cyclical price movement 687
—
accommodating movement long-term movement crustal movement cyclical movement cost movement traffic movement abnormal capital movement
—
long-term capital movement
—
capital movement
— — — — —
— — — —
pedestrian movement population movement conservation movement indicator movement
—
merger movement movement along curve
pergerakan tak nalar
—
irregular movement
pergeseran ekonomi
—
economic friction
pergudangan awam
-
public warehousing
—
perihelion suria
perhambaan perhambaan
—
slavery
perhubungan input-input
perhentian akhir kereta api
—
railway terminus
perhubungan keahlian koperasi
perhitungan tersirat perhubungan; komunikasi perhubungan antara industri perhubungan antara kerajaan perhubungan berakibat perhubungan bersebab perhubungan biologi perhubungan cukai antarabangsa perhubungan faktor perhubungan faktor keluaran perhubungan fiskal antara kerajaan perhubungan fungsian perhubungan harga dengan kos
—
implicit enumeration
—
communication
—
interindustry relationship
perhubungan linear perhubungan manusia perhubungan palsu
—
—
—
— -
input-input relationship cooperative membership relation linear relationship human relation spurious relationship
—
intergovernmental relation
perhubungan pendapatan- — penggunaan
income-comsumption relationship
—
consequential relationship causal relationship
perhubungan perindustrian
industrial relations
—
—
biological relationship
perhubungan polinomial
international tax relationship factors relationship
perhubungan Pythogoras perhubungan rekursif
factor product relationship
perhutanan perigi gas
—
— —
—
— —
perhubungan tak linear
intergovernmental fiscal relation functional relation price relationship to cost
—
polynomial relationship Pythogoras relationship
—
recursive relationship
—
non-linear relationship
—
—
forestry gas well
perigi luar bandar
—
rural well
perigi pelega
—
relief well
perihal kuantitatif perihelion suria 688
—
—
—
quantitative description solar perihelion
perikanan bersaingan
perikanan bersaingan perikanan darat perikanan masa depan perikanan tradisional peringkat cubaan .peringkat kedua; sekunder peringkat lebih tinggi peringkat negeri peringkat penggantungan peringkat penumpuan peringkat perancangan peringkat pertengahan peringkat subwilayah peringkat wilayah perintah juruwang perintah keluar wang boleh runding perintah pembangunan am perintah pemugaran perintah penentuan perintah penguatkuasaan
peristiwa pasti
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
competitive fishery inland fishery future fishery traditional fishery trial stage secondary higher order state level suspension stage order of convergence level of planning intermediate stage sub-regional level regional level cashier’s order negotiable order of withdrawal general development order clearance order designation order enforcement order
perintah perancangan am perintah pindah perintah roboh
general planning order
—
removal order
perintis
-
demolition order pioneer
perisian
—
software
perisian komputer
—
computer software
perisik eksport
—
export intelligence
peristiwa
—
peristiwa bencana alam peristiwa berkombinasi peristiwa bersandar peristiwa berulang herterusan peristiwa gabungan peristiwa hujung peristiwa kosong peristiwa majmuk peristiwa mudah peristiwa mustahil peristiwa pasti 689
—
—
—
event catastrophic event
—
combined event
—
dependent event
—
persistent recurrent event
—
— — — — — —
union event tail event empty event compound event simple event impossible event sure event
peristiwa pelengkap/peristiwa penggenap
peristiwa pelengkap/ peristiwa penggenap peristiwa permulaan peristiwa rambang peristiwa saling menyingkiri peristiwa sama kemungkinan peristiwa serasi
-
complementary event
—
elementary event random event
—
mutually exclusive event
—
—
—
compatible event independent event
peristiwa terputus
—
disjoint event
perizaban harga perizaban tanah perjalanan balik perjalanan rambang perjanjian; persetujuan perjanjian bersubahat perjanjian cagaran perjanjian cukai perjanjian cukai berbagai negeri
— — — — — —
— — -
perjanjian dua hala
—
perjanjian kolektif
—
perjanjian komoditi/ perjanjian barangan perjanjian konsesi perjanjian penamat perjanjian pencukaian dua kali perjanjian penyewaan
equally likely event
peristiwa tak bersandar
—
perkadaran berubah
perjanjian pelanjutan kredit perjanjian tambang muatan perjanjian tanpa gangguan
price reservation land reservation reverse commuting random walk agreement collusive agreement
Perjanjian Timah Antarabangsa perjiranan kediaman perjuangan kelas
security agreement tax compact multistate tax compact
perkadaran perkadaran berharmoni perkadaran berubah 690
bilateral agreement
—
collective agreement commodity agreement
—
concession agreement
-
closing agreement double taxation agreement
—
tenancy agreement
—
credit extension agreement
—
affreightment
-
non-disturbance agreement
—
—
International Tin Agreement
-
residential neighbourhood
—
class struggle
— — —
proportion harmonic proportion variable proportion
perkadaran faktor
perkhidmatan penstabilan komiditi/barangan
perkadaran faktor
—
factor proportion
perkadaran keemasan
-
golden proportion
perkakas komputer
—
computer hardware
perkakasan perkampungan desa perkampungan semula/ penempatan semula perkapalan; pengiriman perkembangan benar perkembangan ke luar perkembangan mendatar perkembangan sahih dan ketara perkembangan sungai perkhidrnatan, layanan perkhidmatan asas perkhidmatan awam perkhidmatan berdaya keluaran perkhidrnatan faktor perkhidmatan hutan
— — —
— — — — —
— — — — —
— —
perkhidmatan hutang perkhidmatan ikan dan hidupan liar perkhidmatan jagaan kanak-kanak perkhidmatan kesihatan negara perkhidmatan komunikasi perkhidmatan komuniti
hardware hamlet resettlement shipping real expansion outward expansion horizontal expansion real and apparent expansion river development services basic service public service prnductive service
perkhidmatan kredit penghubung perkhidmatan langsung perkhidmatan laporan statistik perkhidmatan pemasaran pertanian perkhidmatan pengangkutan perkhidmatan pengembangan pertanian
factor service forest service
perkhidmatan penstabilan komiditi/barangan 691
—
debt service fish and wildlife service child-care service
—
national health service
— -
-
—
— —
—
—
—
-
communication service community service correspondent credit service direct service statistical reporting service agricultural marketing service transportation service agricultural extension service commodity stabilization service
perkhidmatan penyajian
perkhidmatan penyajian perkhidmatan penyimpanan perkhidmatan perundingan pengurusan ladang perkhidmatan pinjaman perkhidmatan pinjaman tertunggak perkhidmatan pukal perkhidmatan reka bentuk menyeluruh perkhidmatan perkhidmatan perkhidmatan perkhidmatan perkhidmatan perkongsian
sosial sukarela tak berkala tempatan utiliti
perlindungan legeh
— —
—
— -
— —
— — — — — —
perkongsian cukai
-
perkongsian basil
—
catering service storage service
perkongsian basil khas perkongsian hasil persekutuan perkongsian hasil umum perkongsian kos perkongsian untung perkuburan perladangan akuatik perladangan kontrak perladangan terimbang perlembagaan perlembagaan negeri perlindungan perlindungan berkesan perlindungan hidupan liar perlindungan kebakaran perlindungan keutamaan minoriti perlindungan kualiti lot perlindungan kualiti purata
consultant farm management service loan service delinquent servicing bulk service all-in design service social service voluntary service occasional service local service utility service partnership Lax sharing revenue sharing/sharing revenue
perlindungan legeh 692
— —
— — —
— — -— — — —
special revenue sharing federal revenue sharing general revenue sharing cost sharing profit sharing grave yard aquatic farming contract farming balanced farming constitution state constitution protection effective protection
—
wildlife sanctuary fire protection protection of minority preference lot quality protection average quality protection
—
protection of watershed
— — -
-
perlindungan modal
permintaan berkesan
perlindungan modal
-
capital protection
perlindungan nilai
—
hedging
—
discretionary hedging
perlindungan pengguna
—
consumer protection
perlindungan tarif
—
tariff protection
perlombongan arang batu
—
mining coal
—
underground mining
perlindungan nilai budi bicara
perlombongan bawah tanah perlombongan dasar laut perlombongan dedah perlombongan hidraulik perlombongan jalur perlombongan kawal jauh perlombongan permukaan perlombongan samudera perlombongan tengah laut perlombongan uranium permainan hasil tamhah bukan sifar
permainan hasil tambah sifar permainan hasil tambah bukan sifar permainan hasil tambah sifar dua orang permainan basil tambah sifat n-orang
—
undersea mining open cast mining hydraulic mining strip mining remote-controlled mining surface mining
permainan n-orang permainan saksama permatang pasir permatang sungai permintaan permintaan agregat permintaan air permintaan akhir
—
marine mining
permintaan anjal
offshore mining uranium mining non-zero-sum game
permintaan anjal harga permintaan awasan
— — — —
— — —
permintaan baki benar permintaan berkesan 693
—
zero-sum game
—
non-zero-sum game
—
two-person zero-sum game
—
n-person zero-sum game
— — — — — —
n-person game equitable game/fair game sandy ridge river bund demand aggregate demand water demand final demand
—
elastic demand price-elastic demand precautionary demand
—
real balance demand
—
effective demand
—
permintaan berketentuan permintaan permintaan permintaan permintaan pertuintaan permintaan permintaan permintaan permintaan permintaan permintaan permintaan serentak permintaan permintaan
berketentuan berlebihan bermusim bersaingan buruh dinamik import individu input komposit lantukan maksimum minyak oksigen kimia
permintaan opsyen permintaan palsu permintaan pasaran permintaan pengguna agregat
permit bangunan
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
— —
— —
deterministic demand excess demand seasonal demand competitive demand labour demand dynamic demand import demand individual demand input demand composite demand backlog demand simultaneous maximum demand oil demand chemical oxygen demand
permintaan pertengahan permintaan perumahan permintaan rambang permintaan saingan permintaan saling melengkapi permintaan sektor permintaan silih ganti permintaan stokastik permintaan tak anjal permintaan tak anjal harga permintaan tambahan permintaan terbitan permintaan tercatu permintaan terjamin permintaan urus niaga
option demand pseudo demand
permintaan wakilan permintaan wang permintaan wang sebagai aset permit bangunan
market demand aggregate consumer demand 694
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — -
intermediate demand housing demand random demand competitive demand complementary of demand sectoral demand alternate demand stochastic demand inelastic demand price-inelastic demand ancilliary demand derived demand rationed demand warranted demand transaction demand representative demand
—
money demand asset demand for money
-
building permit
—
permit buangan
permit buangan permit lalu permit pencemaran permodalan berlebihan permohonan bercanggah permohonan diluluskan permohonan perancangan permohonan perancangan rangka permohonan pinjaman permudahan hipotesis permukaan bebas tenaga permukaan boleh bina permukaan boleh tanam permukaan dalam permukaan gerak balas permukaan gerak balas baja permukaan pengeluaran permukaan penyimpanan
perolehan durian runtuh/laba durian runtuh
—
— — — — — — —
discharge permit trespass permit pollution permit over-capitalization conflicting application approved application planning application outline planning application
—
loan application
—
simplicity of hypothesis
— — —
—
— —
— —
permukaan permintaan linear perniagaan perniagaan perniagaan perniagaán perniagaan perniagaan pinjam
di rumah diperbadankan ke depan ladang pemberi
perniagaan tani pernyataan graf pernyataan kualitatif perolehan perolehan; pengambilan perolehan bersih
inner surface response surface fertilizer response surface
perolehan bersih pengusaha ladang
production surface storage surface
perolehan durian runtuh/ laba durian runtuh 695
linear demand surface
—
business home business incorporated business futures trading farm business lender’s business
—
lending business
—
perniagaan pemberian pinjaman
surface free energy constructible surface cultivable surface
—
— — — —
-
— — —
—
-
agribusiness/agrobusiness graphical representation qualitative statement earnings acquisition net earning farm operator’s net earning windfall gains
perolehan faktor
persaingan upah
perolehan faktor
—
perolehan hak
—
perolehan hak negatif perolehan hak positif perolehan kawasan perolehan kendalian bersih
factor earnings
persaingan antara keluaran
—
easement negative easement
persaingan antara wilayah
—
competition among product interregional competition
persaingan bebas
—
free competition
—
positive easement acreage acquisition
persaingan berkesan
—
—
net operating earnings
persaingan bermonopoli
-
effective competition monopolistic competition
persaingan bermonopsoni
—
monopsonistic competition
—
—
perolehan luar negeri
—
overseas earning
persaingan boleh berlaku
—
workable competition
perolehan modal
—
capital acquisition
persaingan bukan harga
-
non-price competition
perolehan syarikat
—
corporate earnings
persaingan cukai
-
tax competition
persaingan harga
—
price competition
—
attenuator national unity
—
sprawl
—
separation
—
political separation
—
public library
—
competition
—
interfuel competition
perosot perpaduan negara perpancaran perpisahan pengasingan perpisahan politik/ pengasingan politik perpustakaan awam persaingan persaingan antara bahan bakar
—
persaingan kerja persaingan merosakkan persaingan sembelih persaingan sempurna persaingan tak adil persaingan tak langsung persaingan tak sempurna persaingan tulen persaingan upah 696
— — — — — -
job competition destructive competition cut-throat competition perfect competition unfair competition indirect competition imperfect competition pure competition wage competition
persamaan
persamaan pemboleh ubah tunggal
persamaan
—
equation
persamaan belanjawan
—
budget equation
persamaan imbangan bahan
—
reduced form equation
persamaan bentuk terturun
—
material balance equation
persamaan imbangan tunai
—
cash-balance equation
persamaan kadar
—
rate equation
persamaan berbeza
—
difference equation
persamaan Bernoulli
—
Bernoulli equation
persamaan kamilan persamaan ke belakang
first-order linear difference equation
persamaan keadaan mantap
Cambridge equation
persamaan bezaan linear peringkat pertama persamaan Cambridge persamaan ChapmentKolmogorov persamaan cukup kenal pasti persamaan darjah lebih tinggi persamaan Fisher persamaan fungsian persamaan harafiah
—
integral equation backward equation
—
steady state equation
persamaan kebezaan
—
differential equation
Chapment-Kolmogorov equation
persamaan kebezaan tepat
—
exact differential equation
persamaan kelakuan
—
—
just identified equation
persamaan keputusan pengeluaran
—
higher degree equation
persamaan kuadratik
—
quadratik equation
persamaan kuantiti
-
quantity equation
—
-
—
—
Fisher’s equation
—
functional equation
—
literal equation
persamaan Harrod-Domar
—
Harrod-Domar equation
persamaan homogen
—
persamaan lebih-pada persamaan nisbah malar persamaan normal persamaan pemboleh ubah tunggal
homogeneous equation 697
—
—
—
— —
behavioural equation production decision equation
redundant equation constant ratio equation normal equation single variable equation
persamaan pengekalan aliran
persamaan pengekalan aliran persamaan pengumpulan persamaan pentakrifan persamaan penyambungan persamaan permintaan input persamaan pertukaran persamaan pertumbuhan persamaan punca ganda dua persamaan reka bentuk persamaan rekursif persamaan seimbang persamaan serentak persamaan setara persamaan struktur persamaan tambah berat terturun persamaan terkenal pasti tepat
persatuan tawar-menawar
—
flow conservation equation
persamaan terkurang kenal pasti
—
accumulation equation
persamaan terlebih kenal pasti
—
definitional equation linking equation
—
input demand equation
—
— — —
— — — — — — —
—
persamaan tunggal persambungan perancangan persandaran, pergantungan
equation of exchange growth equation square root equation
persandaran fungsian persandaran hubungan persandaran linear persatuan persatuan faedah kematian persatuan koperasi persatuan kredit pengeluaran persatuan peladang negeri persatuan pembinaan persatuan pengguna persatuan perkapalan persatuan tawar-menawar
design equation recursive equation balance equation simultaneous equation equivalent equation structural equation reduced gain equation exactly identified equation
698
—
under identified equation
—
over identified equation
—
single equation continuum of planning
—
dependency
—
functionally dependent
—
— — — — — —
— — — —
affine dependence linear dependence association death benefit society cooperative association production credit association state farmer’s association building society consumers association shipping association bargaining association
persekitaran; alam sekitar
persekitaran; alam sekitar persekitaran berhampiran persekitaran fizikal persekitaran kurang tenaga persekitaran pelagik persekolahan formal persendirian; peribadi; perseorangan/ perorangan persendirian; swasta persetempatan persetempatan industri persetujuan Persetujuan Am Perdagangan dan Tarif (PAPT) persetujuan jurubank persetujuan simpanan cukai persetujuan umum persilangan
pertanian organik
—
environment immediate environment
—
—
—
— — —
— — — — —
— —
— —
persilangan jalan
—
road intersection
physical environment
persilangan peristiwa persilangan set
—
intersection of events intersection of sets
low-energy environment
persimpangan jalan
—
road junction
pelagic environment formal schooling personal
personel penyeliaan
—
supervisory personnel
perspektif geologi
—
geological perspective
perspektif sejarah
—
historical perspective
pertahanan pertahanan antitrust pertahanan negara pertambahan pertandingan saksama pertanian pertanian berpindah pertanian campuran pertanian ekstensif pertanian feudal pertanian guna jentera pertanian intensif pertanian organik
private localization lization localization of industry assent Gen’~ralAgreement on Trade and Tariff (GATT) banker’s acceptance tax-sparing agreement general agreement intersection 699
—
— — — — — — — — — —
— — —
defence antitrust defence national defence accretion fair competition agriculture shifting agriculture mixed farming extensive agriculture feudal agriculture mechanized agriculture intensive agriculture organic farming
pertanian pindah pertanian pindah pertanian terbuka pertanian terkawal pertanian tertutup pertanian tropika pertelingkahan kerajaan pertelingkahan politik pertengahan pertentangan perancangan pertimbangan pertimbangan estetik pertimbangan nilai pertimbangan politik pertimbangan semantik pertubuhan diperbadankan Pertubuhan Perdagangan Antarabangsa pertukangan pertukaran; bursa
pertumbuhan eksport
— —
— — — —
— — — — — — — — -
—
shifting cultivation open agriculture
pertukaran asing pertukaran berbilang
regulated agriculture closed agriculture tropical agriculture company-government dispute political conflict intermediate antagonism of planning consideration aesthetic consideration value judgement political consideration semantic consideration incorporated body
pertukaran dua hala pertukaran ke hadapan pertukaran mata wang pertukaran salingan pertukaran syer pertumbuhan pertumbuhan aktif pertumbuhan alga pertumbuhan bentuk logistik pertumbuhan berkadar pertumbuhan berpuncakan eksport pertumbuhan berterusan pertumbuhan dinamik pertumbuhan ekonomi optimum pertumbuhan ekonomi pertumbuhan eksport
International Trade Organisation (ITO) craft exchange 700
— —
— — —
— — — — —
-
— — —
— —
foreign exchange multiple exchange bilateral exchange forward exchange currency exchange reciprocal exchange exchange of share growth active growth algae growth logistic pattern of growth proportional growth export-led growth continuous growth dynamic growth optimal economic growth economic growth export growth
pertunibuhan guna tenaga
perubahan harga
pertumbuhan guna tenaga
—
pertumbuhan kitaran
—
employment growth cyclical growth
pertumbuhan merugikan
—
damnifying growth
pertumbuhan output pertumbuhan penduduk pertumbuhan penduduk sifar pertumbuhan perbelanjaan pertumbuhan perindustrian pertumbuhan progresif pertumbuhan semulajadi pertumbuhan seragam pertumbuhan tak berkadaran pertumbuhan tanpa pembangunan pertumbuhan terharmoni pertumbuhan terhentihenti pertumbuhan terimbang
-
output growth population growth
-
zero population growth
—
—
—
— —
— —
—
— —
—
pertumbuhan terjamin pertumbuhan terjamin sendiri pertumbuhan wilayah
expenditure growth industrial growth
uniform growth non-proportional growth growth without development harmonized growth discontinuons growth balanced growth
—
regional growth
-
autonomous regional growth nodality
pertumpuan demi titik
—
point-wise convergence
pertunaian
—
encashment
perubahan harga 701
sustained growth self-sustained growth
pertumbuhan wilayah autonomi pertumpuan
perubahan; pindaan perubahan adiabatik perubahan belanjawan terimbang perubahan bersih perubahan budaya perubahan cukai perubahan dalam ekonomi bidangan perubahan dinamik perubahan eksogen
progressive growth natural growth
—
—
—
— — —
— — -
— — —
alteration adiabatic change balanced budget change net change cultural change tax change change in economic scale dynamic change exogenous change price change
perubahan iklim
perundangan
perubahan iklim
—
perubahan inventori
—
climatic change inventory change
perubahan teknologi berimbuhan modal
—
volume change
perubahan teknologi berkecuali Harrod
-
individual welfare change
perubahan teknologi pengimbuhan faktor
—
chemical change
—
cyclical change
perubahan teknologi penjimatan buruh
-
budgeting change
perubahan isi padu; perubahan jumlah perubahan kebajikan individu perubahan kimia perubahan kitaran perubahan wanan perubahan perubahan perubahan panduan
pembelanjapenawaran pendapatan peramalan dan
— — —
perubahan permintaan
—
perubahan persekitaran
—
perubahan sosial perubahan struktur perubahan teknologi perubahan teknologi berimbuhan buruh
— — — —
perubahan teknologi terpisah perubahan wilayah
changes in supply income change
perumahan
foreseeing and guiding change
perumahan koperasi perumahan kos rendah perumahan sewaan peruncit peruncit; saluran keluar peruncitan peruncitan penyelarasan menegak perundangan
demand change environment change social change structural change technological change labour-augmenting technological change 702
—
—
—
—
capital-augmenting technological change Harrod neutral technological change factor-augmenting technological change labour-saving technological change
—
disembodied technological change regional change
—
housing
—
— — —
— —
—
cooperative housing low cost housing rental housing retailer outlet retailing vertical coordination retailing legislation
perundangan bangunan
peruntukan pasaran
perundangan barigunan
—
perundangan cukai
—
building legislation tax legislation
peruntukan awam peruntukan barang awam
—
farm credit legislation
—
planning legislation
peruntukan barang persendirian peruntukan barang sosial
—
minimum wage legislation
peruntukan berjujukan
—
consultant
—
negotiation; consultation
perundangan kredit ladang perundangan perancangan perundangan upah minimum perunding perundingan perundingan; pemerundingan perundingan dengan eksternaliti perundingan langsung perundingan sulit peruntukan peruntukan; bekalan; runcit peruntukan arbitrari/ peruntukan sembarangan
—
consultancy
—
negotiation with externality
—
direct negotiation
—
private negotiation
— —
—
—
public provision public goods allocation
—
private goods allocation
—
social goods allocation
—
sequential allocation
peruntukan cekap
—
efficient allocation
peruntukan dana
—
allocation of fund
peruntukan fungsi optimum peruntukan kawasan
allocation provision
703
—
optimal allocation of function
perun tukan kehabisan; elaun kesusutan peruntukan kekayaan peruntukan kos peruntukan lesen
—
area allocation depletion allowance
—
allocation of wealth
peruntukan masa
—
peruntukan modal peruntukan pampasan peruntukan pasaran
arbitrary allocation
—
—
— —
— — —
cost allocation licence allocation time allocation capital allocation compensation provision market allocation
peruntukan pelaburan
pesanan; susunan; perintah/arahan
peruntukan pelaburan
—
peruntukan pasaran
—
peruntukan pelaburan peruntukan pengeluaran peruntukan penyimpanan dinamik peruntukan perlembagaan
investment allocation
perusahaan
—
perusahaan asing
—
enterprise foreign enterprise
-
public enterprise
—
market allocation investment allocation production allocation
—
dynamic storage allocation
—
constitutional provision
—
peruntukan rizab
—
peruntukan ruang
—
peruntukan sementara
—
peruntukan peruntukan optimum peruntukan saksama peruntukan peruntukan peruntukan peruntukan depan
sumber sumber sumber sumber tanah susut nilai tanah untuk masa
— —
—
— — — —
perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan swasta perusahaan perusahaan perusahaan
reserve provision space allocation provisional sum/ temporary provision resource allocation optimal resource allocation equitable resource allocation land resource allocation depreciation allowance land allocation provision for the future
awam ayam itik bebas bersaingan daging lembu negara penggenap perindustrian perniagaan
—
stok bersama swasta tanaman
-
perusahaan ten usu perusahaan ternakan pesaing pesanan; susunan; perintah/arahan 704
— — —
— — — —
—
—
— — — —
poultry farming free enterprise competitive enterprise beef enterprise state enterprise complementary enterprise industrial enterprise private business enterprise joint stock enterprise private enterprise crop husbandry/crop enterprise dairy enterprise animal husbandry competitor order
pesanan, tuntutan
pesanan, tuntutan pesanan tertangguh pespekulasi pesuruh bayar pesuruh bayar alternatif peta peta asas peta bandar peta barangan/peta komoditi peta bentuk muka bumi peta fizikal peta geologi peta indeks peta isokuan peta kajian semula peta keamatan peta kemajuan program peta kontur peta lakar
peta utiliti
—
— — — — — — —
— — — — —
— —
requisition
peta penentuan
back order speculators drawee alternative drawee map basic map town map commodity map
peta peta peta peta
pengelasan tanih penggunaan tanah pangkalan program (kemajuan)
peta puas sama peta punca peta rangka peta rujukan peta saringan peta skel besar peta struktur peta tahuran penduduk
relief map physical map geological map indeks map isoquant map review map intensity map programme development map con tour map draft map
peta tanda sempadan peta tempatan peta Thunen peta topografI peta uji kaji peta utiliti 705
—
— — — -
— -
— — — — -
— — — — —
designation map soil classification map land utilization map base map programme map (development) indifference map key map outline map reference map sieve map large scale map structure map population distribution map demarcation map local map Thunen-map topographic map map of experiment utility map
petani penyewa
pindah milik kosong
petani penyewa
—
petarii pindah petani/peladang peti besi peti deposit selamat
—
safe safe deposit locker
petrokimia
—
petrochemical
petroleum
—
petroleum
petroleum lautan dalam petunjuk utama pewajaran pewarisan penyelidikan saintifik piagam; carter piawai alam sekitar piawai efluen piawai emas piawai fiat piawai jongkong emas piawai kos piawai kualiti udara
tenant farmer
piawai letak kereta
—
—
shifting cultivator
piawai minimum terjamin
—
—
farmer
piawai pencukaian bercanggah piawai perak piawai perancangan piawai pertukaran emas piawai sebaran asap kenderaan bermotor piawai sebaran kotoran piawai tembakau pihak bercagar piktogram pilih kasih pilihan berbilang nilai pilihan rasional pilihan teknologi pilihaturan pindaan kecil pindaan Steagall pindah milik kosong
—
—
— — — — —
— — — — -
deep ocean petroleum leading indicator weightage legacy scientific research charter environmental standard effluent standard gold standard fiat standard gold bullion standard cost standard air quality standard 706
—
— — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
parking standard safe minimum standard conflicting standard of taxation silver standard planning standard gold exchange standard automobile emission standard emission standard tobacco standard secured party pictogram favouritism multi-valued choice rational choice technological choice permutation minor alteration Steagall amendment blank transfer
pindahan
pindahan pindahan antara firma pindahan antarabangsa pindahan aset pindahan automatik pindahan bantuan pindahan beban pindahan bertelegraf pindahan hak milik harta benda pindahan hak pembangunan pindahan ikut budi bicara pindahan kebajikan pindahan kredit pindahan mel pindahan milik tanah pindahan modal pindahan secara kawat pindahan sukarela pindahan teknologi
pinjaman komoditi/pinjaman barangan
—
— — — — — — — —
—
—
— — — — — — —
transfer
pindahan tenaga linear
interfirm transfer international transfer asset transfer automatic transfer transfer of aid burden transfer telegraphic transfer transfer of property
pinggir pinggir bandar pinggiran; pinggir pinjaman pinjaman asing pinjaman bayaran berlunas pinjaman belanjawan pinjaman bercagar pinjaman berinsuran pinjaman berjangka pinjaman bukan hak tuntut pinjaman cair sendiri pinjaman dalam negeri pinjaman han pinjaman jangka panjang pinjaman jangka pendek pinjaman kerajaan pinjaman komoditi/ pinjaman barangan
transfer of development rights discretionary transfer welfare transfer credit transfer mail transfer transfer of land capital transfer cable transfer voluntary transfer technology transfer 707
— — —
—
—
— —
— — — — — — — —
linear energy transfer periphery periphery of ~own/suburb/ suburban/urban fringe outskirt loan foreign loan amortizing payment loan budget loan secured loan insured loan time money non-recourse loan self-liquidating loan internal loan day loan long-term loan short-term loan government loan commodity loans
pinjaman menjana aset
pinjaman menjana aset pinjaman paksa pinjaman panggilan pinjaman pembayaran sekali gus pinjaman pengguna pinjaman penyambung pinjaman pinjaman pinjaman telefon pinjaman pinjaman pinjaman pinjaman
penyertaan peperangan perkhidmatan persendirian segera tak luncur terdiskaun
pinjaman terikat pinjaman terlunas pinjaman tertunggak pintasan pintu pasang surut piramid berhierarki
pola aliran jalan raya
— — — —
— — — —
— — — — — — — — —
asset-generating loan forced loan call loan straight end payment loan
piramid penduduk piramid sumber pirozokson plastik plastik klorida polisinil platikurtik platinum platinum hitam plaza plaza tol plot; bidang plot bangunan pokok; utama pokok keluarga pokok keputusan separa/ pokok keputusan sehahagian pola; bentuk; corak rupa susunan pola aliran pola aliran jalan raya
consumption loan bridging loan participation loan war loan telephone service loan personal loan instant loan non-forfeiture loan discounted loan tied loan amortized loan delinquent loan intercept tidal gate hierarchical pyramid 708
—
population pyramid
—
resource pyramid
— —
pyrozoxon plastic
—
polycinyl chloride plastic platykurtic platinum black platinum plaza toll plaza plot building plot principal family tree partial decision tree
—
pattern
— — — — — — —
— —
flow pattern road circulation pattern
pola bandar
pola bandar pola berbilang kekolinearan pola berjejari pola bermusim pola berpinjaman luar polajalan pola kekisi pola kelakuan pola ketibaan pola keutamaan puncak satu pola lat v songsang pola letakan pola pembangunan pola penanaman pola pengagihan pola pengagihan pendapotan pola penggunaan daging pola pengiriman pola perbelanjaan
polisi bekal hidup
— — —
— — — — — — —
— — —
urban pattern
pola perbelanjaan pengguna
pattern of multicollinearity radial pattern seasonal pattern foreign lending pattern street pattern grid-iron pattern behavioural pattern arrival pattern single peak preference pattern inverted v lag pattern
—
pola permintaan tenaga
—
pola perolehan
—
energy demand pattern procurement pattern
pola pertumbuhan
—
growth pattern
pola pertumbuhan normal
—
normal growth pattern
pola perubahan sektor
—
polarisasi
—
sectoral change pattern polarization
—
frequency polygon
poligon frekuensi/poligon kekerapan poligon frekuensi terlicin/ poligon kekerapan terlicin
location pattern development pattern cropping pattern distribution pattern income distribution pattern
consumer spending pattern
—
cumulative polygon synthetic polymer polynomial second degree polynomial
—
monic polynomial
—
meat consumption pattern shipment pattern
polinomial monik polinomial tersambung
—
spliced polynomial
—
expenditure pattern
polisi bekal hidup
-
endowment policy
— — —
—
poligon kumulatif polimer tiruan polinomial polinomial darjah kedua
smoothed frequency polygon
709
— — —
potongan upah
populasi binomial populasi binomial populasi induk populasi pegun populasi pertengahan tahun populasi tertutup
binomial population
potensi pengguna
—
potensi penjerapan
—
potensi peresapan
—
adsorption potential diffusion potential
—
parent population stationary population mid-year population
—
potential competition
—
closed population
growth potential
—
-
— —
portfolio bank
—
bank portfolio
portfolio pelaburan
—
investment portfolio
positivisme positivisme logik potensi berdaya keluaran potensi eksport potensi kuasa hidro potensi pampasan potensi pasaran potensi pembaikan Pareto potensi pembangunan potensi pendapatan potensi pengeluaran ladang
— — — — — — —
— —
potensi persaingan potensi pertumbuhan potensi rantaian potongan; deduksi potongan campuran potongan cukai pendapatan potongan cukai pendapatan perseorangan
positivism logical positivism productive potential export potential hydro-power potential potential compensation market potential potential Paretoimprovement development potential potential income farm production potential
potongan daging jualan runcit potongan jagaan kanakkanak potongan optimum potongan pecahan potongan piawai potongan terbutir potongan upah 710
— — —
consumer potential
linkage potential deduction mixed cut income tax deduction
—
personal deduction of income tax retail meat cuts
—
child-care deduction
—
— — —
optimal deduction fractional cut standard deduction itemized deduction wage cut
praksiologi
praksiologi prapendaraban prapengujian awal praperancangan prasenarai prasyarat untuk maju premium bersih premium guna tenaga wilayah premium kasar premium lebih masa premium perantis premium risiko premium risiko perniagaan premium sulfur prestasi jualan prestasi pasaran prestasi pembangunan prestij prestij sosial prinsip
prinsip leissezfaire
— — — — — — —
—
— — — — — — — — — —
praxeology pre-multiplication pre-testing pre-planning prelisting procondition for take-off net premium regional employment premium gross premium
prinsip arahan
—
directive principle
prinsip asalan
—
origin principle
—
basic principle
—
Becher’s principle
—
destination principle
prinsip asas prinsip Becher prinsip prinsip prinsip prinsip
destinasi dominans ekonomi faedah
prinsip faedah sama
overtime premium apprentice preium risk premium business risk premium sulphur premium sales performance market performance development performance prestige social prestige principle
prinsip keadilan/prinsip kesaksamaan prinsip kemampuan membayar prinsip kemampuan prinsip kena cemar-bayar prinsip keoptimalan Bellman prinsip ketransitifan prinsip kos-tokok prinsip laissez-faire 711
— — —
dominance principle economic principle benefit principle
—
principle of equal advantage equity principle
—
ability to pay principle
—
— — -
— — —
ability principle pollutee-pays principle Bellman’s principle of optimality transitivity principle cost-plus principle laissez-faire principle
prinsip letakan
prinsip letakan
probabiliti pensuisan/kebarangkalian pensuisan
principle of location
prinsip strategi
—
principle of strategy
prinsip sut-sama
—
equi-marginal principle
prinsip urusan bank
—
—
principle of most probable future compensation principle
—
polluter-pays principle
prinsip pencepat
—
accelerator principle
prinsip pencepatan
—
acceleration principle
—
principle of taxation
prinsip masa depan paling mungkin pflflSip pampasan; prinsip ganti rugi prinsip pencemar-bayar
prinsip pencukaian prinsip penentuan harga sut prinsip pengecualian bayaran balik langganan prinsip penggantian prinsip penguraian prinsip penjimatan prinsip realisasi prinsip risiko bertambahan prinsip Rochdale
—
—
—
—
—
— — — —
-
prioriti probabiliti/kebarangkalian probabiliti apriori/ kebarangkalian apriori probabiliti bersyarat/ kebarangkalian hersyarat probabiliti fidusial/ kebarangkalian fidusial probabiliti keadaan mantap/kebarangkalian keadaan mantap probabiliti keseimhangan/ kebarangkalian keseimbangan probabiliti pegun/ keharangkalian pegun probabiliti pensuisan/ kebarangkalian pensuisan
marginal cost pricing principle patronage refunds exclusion principle principle of substitution decomposition principle economising principle realization principle principle of increasing risk Rochdale principles 712
-
banking principle priority
—
probability
-
apriori probability
-
conditional probability
-
fiducial probability
—
steady state probability
-
equilibrium probability
-
stationary probability
—
switching probability
probabiliti peralihan berubah/kebarangkalian peralihan berubah
probabiliti peralihan berubah/kebarangkalian peralihan berubah probabiliti peralihan/kebarangkalian perahhan probabiliti peralihan n-langkah/ kebarangkalian peralihan n-langkah probabiliti peralihan pegun/kebarangkalian peralihan pegun
—
—
—
probabiliti subjektif/ kebarangkalian subjektif probabiliti sut/kebarangkalian sut
variable transition probability
probabiliti terbiar/kebarangkalian terbiar
transition probability
probabiliti tindakan/ kebarangkalian tindakan probabiliti peralihan selangkah/kebarangkalian peralihan selangkah profesional/ikhtisas
n-step transition probability
profil —
probabiliti peralihan selangkah/kebarangkalian peralihan selangkah probabiliti posterior/ kebarangkalian posterior
program has-ga pariti/prograni has-ga kesetaraan
profil lembah; profil lurah profli tanih
stationary transition probability One step transition probability
—
posterior probability
—
subjective probability
—
—
action probability one-step transition probability
—
professional
—
profile valley profile soil profile
program
—
programme
program bantuan
—
aid programme
program geran program harga pariti/ program harga kesetaraan 713
—
—
program boleh laksana program daya pengeluaran tanih program formulatif
marginal probability
idle probability
—
-
feasible programme soil productivity programme
-
formulative programme
—
— -
grant programme parity price programme
prograininsentif program galakan program insentif program galakan program jimat cermat
projek rintis
—
incentive programme
program perantisan
—
austerity programme
program perjanjian perdagangan salingan
—
welfare programme
—
social security programme
program kilat
—
crash programme
program polinomial sifarsatu program sokongan program sokongan harga
program kredit
-
credit programme
program tak boleh laksana
program ladang
—
farm programme
program tindakan komuniti program variasi terancang
program kebajikan program keselamatan sosial
program latihan tenaga manusia program pembangunan program pembetungan program pengagihan semula program pengalaman kerja program penggerudian program pengurangan kos program penyelesaian lebihan
—
— — —
—
— — —
manpower training programme development programme sewerage programme redistributive programme
projek; unjur projek air pelbagai guna projek mantap projek pelaburan projek pengairan projek penting. projek perancangan projek perumahan
work experience programme drilling programme cost reduction programme surplus disposal programme
projek rintis 714
-
—
—
apprenticeship programme reciprocal trade agreement programme zero-one polynomial programme
—
support programme price support programme
—
infeasible programme
—
—
— — — — — — — —
community action programme planned variation programme project multi-purpose water project established project investment project irrigation project key project planning project housing project pilot project
projek sumber air
projek sumber air
proses kuasi-statik
—
projektor ortogonal
—
promosi; kenaikan pangkat
—
promosi eksport
-
promosi jualan promosi jualan berskel besar propana proses abstraksi; proses penyarian proses adiabatik proses autoregresif proses Bayer proses berbilang pemboleh ubah proses berdaraban
water resource project orthogonal projector promotion
—
export promotion sales promotion
—
large-scale sale promotion
-
propane
—
process of abstraction
—
adiabatic process autoregressive process
—
Bayer pr’ocess
—
proses dua-nilai proses enap cemar diaktiflcan proses ergodik proses gerak balas serentak proses gerak balas tak bersandar proses hidropenyesuaian proses input proses kelahiran dan kematian proses kelahiran linear proses keputusan berbilang tahap
—
multivariate process
—
multiplicative process
proses berjana semula
—
regenerative process
proses biologi
—
biological process
proses carian
—
search process
proses keputusan Markov proses kongres untuk belanjawan proses kos terendah proses kraf
proses cipta rekaan baru
—
innovation creating process
proses kuasi-statik 715
— —
— —
two-valued process activated sludge process ergodic process simultaneous response process
—
independent response process hydroskimming process input process
—
birth-and-death process
—
—
—
linear birth process multistage decision process
—
Markovian decision process
—
—
congressional process for budget least cost process craft process
—
quasi-static process
—
—
proses kumulatif
proses kumulatif
proses penyahsulfuran cumulative process
proses pencairan
—
—
—
iterative process weathering process
proses pencernaan proses pendiskaunan
-
digestive process discounting process
proses Markov
—
Markov process
—
costing process
proses Markov am
—
general Markov process
proses penentuan kos/ proses pengekosan
—
plough back process
proses pengasingan
—
separation process
—
counting process
—
current extraction process
—
decision making process
-
linear production process
—
decision-taking process
proses pengekstrakan semasa proses pengeluaran linear
—
proses lelaran
—
proses luluhawa
proses melabur balik proses membilang proses membuat keputusan proses mengambil keputusan proses menganeka
liquefaction process
—
assorting process
proses pengeluaran selanjar
-
matching process
proses pengezonan
-
zoning process
—
renewal process
proses pengganda
—
multiplier process
—
delayed renewal process
proses penggandapencepat
—
fractionating process
proses pengiraan pembaharuan
—
capitalization process
proses pemusnahan
—
proses pencabang
—
proses pemadanan proses pembaharuan proses pembaharuan tertunda/proses pembaharuan terlambat proses pemecahan proses pemodalan
continuous process of production
—
—
-
multiplier-accelerator process
—
renewal counting process
proses penilalan
—
appraisal process
destructive process
proses penurasan
—
filtering process
branching process
proses penyahsulfuran
—
desulphurization process
716
proses penyejukan
proses penyejukan proses penyesuaian pasaran proses perbandaran terpilih proses persandaran masa proses Poisson terturas proses polarisasi proses politik proses rambang proses rambang hergugusan proses rancangan proses saw peringkat proses stokastik proses tambahan tak bersandar proses teknologi proses titik proses toping proses trofik
pulangan berkurangan ikut skel
—
—
—
—
— — — —
— —
— —
— — — -
protein protein haiwan protein sayuran protein sd tunggal protoaktinium proton psikoanalisis psikologi psikologi fahaman bersekutu psilosisin puas sama pugar penghutanan pujukan moral pulang modal pulangan
cooling process market adjustment process preferential urbanization time dependent process filtered Poisson process polarization process political process random process clustered random process plan process single-stage process stochastic process independent increment process
pulangan aliran tunai terdiskaun pulangan berkurangan pulangan berkurangan ikut skel
technological process point process topping process trophic process 717
— — — — — — — -
— — -
-
— —
protein animal protein vegetable protein single cell protein protoactinium proton psychoanalysis psychology associationist psychology psilocycin indifference reafforestation moral persuasion break-even returns discounted cash flow returns diminishing returns decreasing return to scale
pulangan bersth sosial
punca ganda dna
pulangan bersih sosial
—
pulangan bertambahan
—
pulangan bertambahan mengikut skel pulangan bidangan
—
social net returns
pulangan purata
—
average returns
increasing returns increasing returns to scale
pulangan selepas cukai
—
after-tax returns
pulangan sut berkurangan
—
pulangan sut sama
—
decreasing marginal return/diminishing marginal returns equal marginal returns
pulangan sut-sama
—
equl-marginal return
—
annual return
—
coral island
-
traffic island
-
pulp
pulangan ekonomi
—
scale returns economic returns
pulangan ikut skel
—
returns to scale
pulangan input
—
pulangan jualan pulangan kewangan pulangan malar pulangan malar ikut bidangan pulangan masa depan dijangka pulangan melepas pulangan menganggar pulangan normal pulangan pelaburan ladang pulangan pengurusan
—
— — — —
—
— — — —
—
pulangan skrap pulangan sut
input returns sales return financial returns constant returns constant returns to scale
pulangan tahunan pulau karang pulau lalu lintas pulpa
expected future returns
punca punca berganda
opportunity returns estimating returns normal returns farm returns to investment
punca punca punca punca punca
returns to managements 718
bergerak berulang ciri dana pinjaman ganda dua
— —
— —
— —
— —
scrap returns marginal returns
roots multiple root mobile source repeated roots characteristic root source of loan fund square root
punca hasil punca basil punca hidrokarbon punca khayalan punca konjugat punca kredit berbilang punca mm ganda dua punca modal punca modal ekuiti punca pegun punca radioaktif punca sinaran punca tenaga alternatif punca tenaga bukan bahan bakar punca titik puncak pungutan/kutipan pungutan sampah/ pengangkutan sampah pupus purata
pusat insurans
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— —
— —
— —
revenue source hydrocarbon source imaginary root conjugate roots split line of credit root mean squares (RMS) sources of capital sources of equity capital stationary source radioactive source radiation source alternative energy sources non-fuel source of energy
purata bergerak purata bergerak autoregresif
point source peak
purata berwajaran
purata bergerak bersepadu purata bergerak herwajaran purata bergerak sukuan empat purata bergerak sukuan tiga pus-ala bergerak terpusat purata bergerak terwajar eksponen purata bulanan pusat pusat ayunan pusat bandar pusat hiburan
collection refuse collection blight average
pusat insurans 719
—
moving average autoregressive moving average (A.R.M.A.)
—
—
—
—
—
-
—
— — — — — —
integrated moving average wighted moving average four-quarter moving average three-quarter moving average centred moving average exponentially weighted moving average weighted average monthly average centre centre of oscillation urban centre/town centre entertainment centre insurance centre
pusat kawasan penyeimbangan
pusat kawasan penyeimbangan pusat kecil pusat kejiranan pusat kesihatan pusat kewangan pusat latihan pusat letakan pusat membeli-belah pusat membeli-belah utama pusat pembangunan pusat pembiakan ikan pusat pemprosesan pusat pemulihan pusat penduduk pusat perdagangan
-
— — — — — -
— — — — —
pusingan tugas
equilibrating regional centre sub-centre neighbourhood centre health centre financial centre training centre centre of location shopping centre main shopping centre
pusat pertukangan tangan pusat pertumbuhan pusat perubatan pusat pungutan/pusat kutipan pusat sivik pusat sukan pusat tempatan pusing ganti jualan pusing ganti modal pusingan berbudi pusingan ganas pusingan optimum pusingan semula bahan pusingan semula kertas
development pole fish breeding station processing centre rehabilitation centre population centre trading centre
pusingan siklon pusingan tugas
720
—
— — — — — — — — — — —
handicraft centre growth centre medical centre collection centre civic centre sports centre local’centre sales turnover capital turnover virtuous circle vicious circle optimum rotation recycling of material paper recycling cyclonic circulation task cycle
racun bakteria
ralat kuasa dun mm punca
R
rakan perdagangan
racun bakteria racun herba
—
bactericide herbicide
racun herba pracambah
—
pre-emergence herbicide
racun kulat racun perosak racun perosak organofosfat racun rodensia racun rumpai pracambah racun serangga radas penyerapan radian radikal radiks (jadual hayat) radioaktif radioaktif teraruh radioisotop terjadi sendiri radium ragut
—
—
— —
— — — — —
— — — — —
-
raksa raksa metil ralat ralat boleh terima ralat bukan pensampelan
fungicide pesticide organophosphate pesticide
ralat dalam pemboleh ubah ralat dalam persamaan ralat dalaman ralat dan ketinggalan ralat dibenarkan ralat ganda dua mm minimum ralat ganda dua mm
rodenticide pre-emergence weed killer insecticide absorption apparatus radian radical radix (life table) radioactive induced radioactivity naturally occuring radioisotope radium grazing
ralat gangguan ralat gerak balas ralat basil tambah ralatjenis dua ralat jenis satu ralat kuasa dua mm 721
— —
— — — —
— — — — —
— — — — — —
punca
—
trading partner mercury methyl mercury error admissible error non-sampling error error in variable error in equation internal error error and omission allowable error minimum mean squares error mean squares error disturbance error response error error of the sum type two error type one error root mean squares error
ralat mungkin
ralat mungkin ralat mutlak ralat pampasan ralat pembulatan ralat pembulatan kumulatif ralat pencerapan/ralat pemerhatian ralat penelahan ralat penganggaran ralat pengukuran ralat pengumpulan ralat pensampelan ralat peramalan ralat persamaan ralat piawai ralat piawai anggaran ralat ramalan rambang ralat ramalan selangkah ralat saling bertindak ralat spesifikasi ralat standard relatif
rainalan optimum
ralat tak sengaja ralat teramal
—
probable error absolute error compensating error
—
rounding error
-
—
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
—
accidental error forecasted error
ralat terkorelasi bersin
—
serially correlated error
ralat uji kaji
—
experimental error
cumulative rounding error
ramalan
—
forecast
observation error
ramalan diperbetul
—
corrected forecast
—
ramalan disatukan ramalan jangka panjang
error of prediction error of estimation measurement error grouping error sampling error forecasting error equation error standard error standard error of estimate random forecast error one-step forecast error interactive error specification error relative standard error
ramalan jangka pendek ramalan jangka pertengahan
combined forecast long run forecast
—
short-run forecast
—
middle-run forecast
—
interval forecast
-
ramalan jeda ramalan jualan ramalan ke belakang ramalan kelakuan ramalan kitaran ramalan kos ramalan linear ramalan natijah peristiwa ramalan optimum 722
—
—
— — — — — — —
sales forecast backcast behaviour forecast cyclical forecast cost forecast linear forecast event outcome forecast optimum forecast
ramalan pemasaan peristiwa
ramalan pemasaan peristiwa ramalan penduduk ramalan perumahan ramalan sempurna ramalan sin masa ramalan surih ramalan tanaman ramalan tanpa syarat ramalan titik rambang rampasan faedah rancangan alternatif rancangan bantuan keluarga rancangan bayaran berkurangan rancangan bayaran sama rata rancangan berubah rancangan boleh pinda
rancangan pembangunan
—
— — — — — — — —
event timing forecast
rancangan contoh abang
population forecast housing forecast perfect forecast time series forecast trace forecast crop forecast unconditional forecast point forecast random benefit snatching alternative plan
big brother plan
—
revised plan
-
rancangan ekonomi
—
two price plan economic plan
rancangan infrastruktur
—
infrastructural plan
rancangan jangka panjang
-
long-term plan
rancangan jangka pendek
—
short-term plan
—
medium-term plan
—
financial plan
rancangan jangka pertengahan rancangan kewangan rancangan kolektif rancangan kongsi untung rancangan lebih-pada rancangan masyarakat/ rancangan komuniti
—
family assistance plan
—
decreasing payment plan
—
even payment plan
—
variable plan
rancangan menyokong rancangan optimum rancangan pelarasan rancangan pembaharuan
—
rolling plan
rancangan pembangunan 723
-
rancangan disemak rancangan dua harga
—
collectiv.e plan profit sharing plan
—
redundant plan
—
community plan
—
— —
supportive plan optimal plan
—
adjustment plan renewal plan
-
development plan
—
rancangan pembayaran balik pinjaman
rancangan pembayaran balik pinjaman rancangan pembesaran rancangan pencen rancangan pengeluaran
—
-
— —
loan repayment plan expansionary plan
—
rancangan pensampelan
-
evaluation plan sampling plan
-
multiple sampling plan
rancangan rancangan rancangan rancangan rancangan
rebat pengguna selari selingan sementara serentak
-
income maintenance plan
-
tax sharing plan
—
—
— — — —
rancangan tahunan
—
rancangan tanah pinggir
-
annual plan fringe alienation scheme
—
terminal plan
-
duty plan
rancangan terminal rancangan tugas
pension plan production plan
rancangan penilaian rancangan pensampelan berbaling rancangan penyelenggaraan pendapatan rancangan perkongsian cukai rancangan persaraan persendirian rancangan perspektif
rangkaian Markov finit/rangkaian Markov terhingga
rancangan uncit rang undang-undang perancangan rangka rangka institusi rangka kerja perancangan rangka masa rangka membuat keputusan rangka pengendalian rangka pensampelan rangkaian rangkaian boleh urai rangkaian jalan rangkaian Markov finit/ rangkaian Markov terhingga
private retirement plan perspective plan consumer rebate plan parallel plan cut in plan interim plan concurrent plan 724
— —
— — — — —
— — — — — —
piecemeal plan planning bill frame institutional framework planning framework time frame decision making framework operational framework sampling frame network decomposable chain network of roads finite Markov chain
rangkaian membulat
rangkaian membulat rangkaian pelanggan rangkaian pengangkutan rangkaian peredaran rangkaian tak berkitar rangsangan bersimbol rangsangan kerongkong rangsangan paru-paru rantaian rantaian antara industri rantaian bank rantaian berkala rantaian guna tenaga rantalan ke belakang rantaian ke hadapan rantaian kedai bahan makanan sukarela rantaian kedai makanan runcit rantaian makanan rantaian Markov
reáktor air berat
— — — — — — —
— —
—
circulatory network subscriber’s network transportation network circulation network acyclic network symbolic stimulus throat irritation lung irritation linkage interindustry-linkage bank chain periodic chain employment linkage
rantaian Markov disks-ct rantaian Markov homogen rantaian Markov n-keadaan rantaian Markov tak terkurang rantaian ranibang ras; bangsa rasional rasionalisme rasuah rawatan barah rawatan biologi (air) rawatan terpenting (ternakan) rayapan kos upah
backward linkage forward linkage voluntary food chain
rayuan perancangan rekreasi berasaskan air! lipur diri berasaskan air
retail food chain
reaksi beremosi —
reaktor reaktor air berat
food chain Markov chain 725
— — —
— — — — — — — —
—
discrete Markov chain homogeneous Markov chain n-state Markov chain irreducible Markov chain random chain race rational rationalism corruption/bribe cancer cure biological treatment (water) central treatment (livestock) wage cost creep
—
planning appeal water-base recreation
—
emotional reaction
—
— —
reactor heavy water reactor
regresi tak linear
reaktor air didih
reaktor air didih reaktor air ringan reaktor air tertekan reaktor gas termaju reaktor kitaran tak langsung reaktor kuasa reaktor lakuran reaktor natrium grafit reaktor nuklear reaktor nuklear sejukan gas reaktor pembiak reaktor pembiak cepat reaktor pembiak cepat sejukan natrium reaktor pembiak Fermi reaktor pembiak terma reaktor penukar reaktor tangki reaktor terma rebat
— — — — —
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
boiling water reactor light-water reactor pressurised-water reactor advanced gas reactor indirect cycle reactor
rebat cukai rebat eksport rebat langganan redaan menyukat reformasi agraria reformasi belanjawan reformasi cukai reformasi pencen reformasi tanah regresi analisis regresi bersih regresi berwajaran regresi kasar regresi ktsasa dua terkecil regresi langkah demi langkah regresi linear mudah regresi ortogonal regresi pepenjuru regresi stokastik linear regresi tak linear
power reactor reactor fusion sodium graphite reactor nuclear reactor gas cooled nuclear reactor breeder reactor fast breeder reactor sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor Fermi breeder reactor thermal breeder reactor converter reactor tank reactor thermal reactor rebate 726
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
tax rebate export rebate patronage rebate nuisance abatement agrarian reform budget reform tax reform pension reform land reform analytic regression net regression weighted regression gross regression least squares regression stepwise regression simple linear regression orthogonal regression diagonal regression linear stochastic regression non-linear regression
regresian regresian rejangan jet reka baru reka baru penjimatan buruh reka bentuk bandar reka bentuk belahan petak reka bentuk berbilang faktorial reka bentuk blok rantaian reka bcntuk blok terambang reka bentuk boleh gilir reka bentuk boleh gilir tiga-faktor reka bentuk boleh sekutu reka bentuk kawasan budaya reka bentuk kuasi-faktorial reka bentuk pembalikan bergu reka bentuk pensampelan
remedi adil
—
— —
—
—
—
— — —
—
— —
regressand
reka bentuk pewajaran sendiri reka bentuk segi empat sama Latin reka bentuk sistem reka bentuk statistik reka bentuk terambang lengkap reka bentuk uji kaji
jet propulsion innovation labour-saving innovation town design split-plot design multi-factorial design
reka cipta rekod ladang rekod pembangunan rekod tanaman rekreasi luar
chain block design randomized block design rotatable design three-factor rotatable design associable design civic design
—
Latin square design
— — —
—
system design statistical design completely randomized design experimental design invention
relativisme
—
relau
—
furnace
-
lime kiln
-
combustion furnace
quasi-factorial design
relau kapur
—
double reversal design
relau pembakaran
sampling design
rem remedi adil 727
self-weighting design
farm record record of development crop record outdoor recreation/open air recreation relativism
—
—
—
-
— — — —
rem equitable remedy
rencana pengikianan
rencana pengiklanan reputan radioaktif ret communis ret nullius resapan gas resipi restoran revolusi agraria revolusi harga revolusi hijau revolusi perindustrian revolusi pertanian riba ribut siklon rintangan angin/halangan angin risiko risiko ekstrapolasi risiko geologi risiko kewangan risiko mencan gali
rizab berlebihan
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
advertising feature radioactive decay s-es communis res nullius gas diffusion recipe restaurant agrarian revolution price revolution green revolution industrial revolution agriculture revolution usury cyclonic storm wind resistence
risiko minimaks risiko minimum secara seragam nsiko pemberi pinjain risiko pemilik risiko pengeluar risiko pengguna risiko pengumpulan risiko perampasan hak milik risiko perniagaan risiko pertukaran rizab; simpanan; cadangan rizab agama rizab alam semula jadi rizab am rizab antarabangsa rizab bank rizab bank berlebihan rizab berkanun nzab berlebihan
risk extrapolation risk geological risk financial risk risk of exploration 728
—
— — — — -
— — — — — — — — — —
minimax risk uniformly minimum risk lender’s risk owner’s risk producer risk consumer risk pooling risk risk of expropriation business risk exchange risk reserve religious reserve nature reserve general reserve international reserve bank reserve excess bank reserve statutory reserve excess reserve
rizab boleh usaha
rizab boleh usaha rizab boleh usaha ekonomi rizab cukai rizab deposit rizab emas rizab hutan kekal rizab hutan negara rizab hutang lapuk rizab jalan raya rizab kerajaan rizab laluan rizab makanan rizab minyak rizab modal rizab pecahan rizab penggantian rizab peringkat kedua rizab pertukaran asing rizab pinjaman rizab rahsia
ruang keadaan (rantalan Markov)
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
recoverable reserve economic recoverable reserve tax reserve deposit reserve gold reserve permanent forest reserve national forest reserve bad debt reserve road reserve government reserve access reserve feed reserve oil reserve capital reserve fractional reserve replacement reserve secondary reserve foreign exchange reserve borrowed reserve secret reserve
rizab sumber rizab sungai rizab susut nilai rizab tak dipinjam rizab terbukti rizab tersembunyi rizab tunai rizab utama ruang ruang aktiviti/ruang kegiatan ruang belanjawan ruang ekonomi ruang empat dimensi ruang Eudlidean ruang hasil bahagi ruang hidup ruang hijau ruang input ruang keadaan (rantaian Markov) 729
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
— —
resource reserve river reserve depreciation reserve unborrowed reserve proved reserve hidden reserve cash reserve primary reserve space/spatial activity space budget space economic space four dimensional space Euclidean space quotient space life space green space input space state space (Markov Chain)
ruang kelakuan ruang kelakuan ruang keputusan ruang lantai ruang lapang ruang lapang awam ruang legar ruang letak kereta ruang linear bernorma ruang nol ruang pejabat ruang pembangunan ruang penempatan ruang penyimpanan ruang perhentian has ruang peristiwa ruang probabiliti/ruang kebarangkalian
rumah kembar
— — — — — —
— — — — — — —
ruang probabiliti teraruh/ ruang kebarangkalian teraruh ruang sampel
behavioural space decision space floor space open space open public space foyer/lobby parking bay/parking space normed linear space
ruang selanjar ruang setengah ruang tanah ruang tindakan terminal ruang topologi ruang udara rugi bersih rujukan rujukan grid rujukan kelompok rujukan masa rujukan pelan rumah api rumah belakang ke belakang rumah berhalaman rumah bomba rumah deret rumah kaca rumah kakitangan rumah kediaman
null space office space development space locational space storage space bus bay event space probability space induced probability space
—
sample space
rumah kembar 730
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — -
continuous space halfspace land space terminal action space topological space air space net loss reference grid reference group reference time reference plan reference light house back-to-back house compounded house fire station row house glass house staff quarters dwelling house semi-detached house
rumah orang tua
rumah rumah rumah rumah
orang tua pangsapuri pemulihan penginapan
rumah rehat rumah sembelih rumah sesebuah rumah stor rumah subpiawai rumah tamu rumah tanaman rumah teres rumit rumpai akuatik rumput hamparan
ruthi pembaikan
— — -
— — — — — —
— — — —
old folks home apartment house convalescent home lodging house/boarding house rest house slaughter house detached house store house sub-standard house guest house green house
rumput kering runcit rtintuh rupa bentuk bukit rupa bentuk rumah rupa susunan penempatan rupa susunan rumah luar bandar) rupa bentuk (perancangan bandar) rupa bentuk bandar rupa bentuk tanah rupa bumi/topografi rutin rutin pembaikan
terrace house complicated aquatic weed carpet grass
731
—
hay retail collapse hill pattern house pattern settlement pattern rural house pattern
—
form (town planning)
— — — — —
— — — — —
urban form land form topography routine improvement routine
sabotaj
saling bergantungan penenipatan
S sabotaj sadur timah sah saham; stok; simpanan saham biasa saham penunjuk pasaran sains alam sekitar sains fizikal sains keputusan sains muram sains pengurusan sains tak jitu saiz ambang saiz giliran purata saiz gugusan saiz isi rumah saiz kelas saiz keluarga saiz keluarga purata
-
— — —
— —
— — —
— — — — — — — —
saiz komuniti saiz komuniti optimum saiz ladang saiz lelong saiz lot ekonomi saiz optimum saiz pai saiz pasaran saiz perniagaan saiz sampel salah amatan salah pengurusan tanih salahnyataan salman asal salman pendua salman tersaksi saling bergantung
sabotage tin plating valid stock common stock barometer stock environmental science physical science decision science dismal science management science inexact science threshold size average queue size cluster-size household size class size family size average family
saling bergantungan; saling bersandaran saling bergantungan penempatan 732
— — — — — —
— — — — —
community size optimal community size farm size auction size economic lot size optimum size size of pie market size size of business sample size illusion soil mismanagement
—
misstatement replication duplicated copy attested copy interdependent interdependence
—
locational interdependence
— — — —
saling berhubungan
sa~kuning (uranium)
saling berhubungan
—
saling berkait
—
interrelationship interconnected
—
antigonistics
saling bertentangan saling tindakan berhierarki saling tindakan ruang saling tukar saling tuka~j~)aya~ salingan; timbal balik saliran bawah tanah saliran lombong salur angkut bijirin salur angkut terminal salur kumbahan salur najis salur agihan saluran kredit saluran lebihan saluran lencongan saluran pemasaran saluran pengagihan
— — — -
— — —
— —
hierarchical interaction spatial interaction interchange regional interchange reciprocal underground drainage mine drainage grain elevator terminal elevator
—
sewage vessel foul drain channel of distribution credit line vent of surplus
—
diversion channel
—
— —
sama serupa sampah sampab sarap sampel sampel bebas sampel berpasangan sampel ditapis sampel gugusan dua tahap sampel induk sampel mudab sampel pendua sampel pertimbangan sampel rambang sampel rambang berstrata sampel setara sampel wakilan sandaran sandaran semasa
marketing channel distribution channel
saranan dasar sari kuning (uranium)
—
733
identically equal garbage litter — sample independent sample — paired sample — censored sample two-stage cluster sample master sample convenience sample — duplicated sample — judgement sample — random sample — stratified random sample — equivalent sample — representative sample — backing — contemporaneous dependence policy suggestion — yellow cake (uranium) —
-
sasaran
sasaran sasaran boleh ubah sasaran jualan sasaran pembangunan sasaran tetap satah satah ganda dua terkecil satu tempoh ke hadapan saudagar saudagar eksport saudagar komisen sebab akibat sebab-musabab kumulatif sebaran bandar raya sebaran kotoran sebaran kotoran kereta sebaran kotoran proses perindusirian sebatian antara logam sebut harga berasingan sebutan gangguan
sekatan ekonomi
— —
— — — — — — — — —
— —
— — —
target flexible target
sebutan matematik sebutan pemalar sebutan pintasan sebutan stokastik sebutan tak tertakrif segi empat sama latin segi sama segi tiga kebajikan segi tiga letakan segi tiga Pascal segi tiga setara sejarah analisis gerak balas sejarah belanjawan sejarah ekonomi sejarah pemikiran ekonomi
sales target development target fixed target plane least-squares plane one-period ahead merchant export merchant commission merchant cause effect cumulative causation city spread emission exhaust emission industrial-process emission
sekali gus sekatan sekatan antilambakan sekatan ekonomi
intermetallic compound separate quotation disturbance term 734
— — — — — — — — —
— — -
— — — —
mathematical term constant term intercept term stochastic term undefined term latin square equilateral welfare triangle locational triangle Pascal’s triangle equivalent triangle hiswy of response analysis history of budget economic history history of economic thought lump-sum blockade antidumping restriction economic sanction
sekatan import
sekuriti tak bertarilch
sekatan import sekatan kemasukan/ halangan kemasukan sekatan minyak sekatan penduduk sekatan perancangan sekolah mubaligh seksyen sektor awam sektor awam bandar sektor berdaya keluaran sektor bukan tenaga sektor cukup hidup sektor desa/sektor luar bandar sektor kapitalis sektor kerajaan sektor kewangan
— —
— — — — — —
— — — —
— —
-
sektor pembinaan sektor pemprosesan
—
— —
import restriction barriers to entry
sektor penggunaan sektor perikanan sektor perindustrian sektor perkhidmatan sektor permintaan akhir sektor pertanian sektor swasta sektor tak dirancang sektor tandus sektor tenaga sektor utama sektor utama; sektor peringkat pertama sekular sekuriti botch pasar sekuriti boleh tukar sekuriti kerajaan sekuriti ketara sekuriti pembawa sekuriti sandaran/sekuriti cagaran sekuriti tak bertarikh
oil embargo population check planning restriction missionary school section public sector urban public sector productive sector non-energy sector subsistence sector rural sector capitalist sector government sector financial sector/monetary sector construction sector processing sector 735
— — — — — — — — — — — —
consumption sector fishery sector industrial sector service sector final demand sector agricultural sector private sector non-plan sector sterile sector energy sector leading sector primary sector
—
secular marketable security convertible security government security tangible security bearer security collateral security
-
undated security
— — — — —
sekuriti tak tersenarai
senarai menunggu
sekurid tak tersenarai sekuriti wang belian sekutuan set bahan bakar sd basis selang-seli; silih ganti selanjar sama selanjar secara mutlak selepas kematangan selepas tarikh selerakan dalaman suatu sampel selerakan rambang selindungan wang selisih; pertelingkahan; kelainan selisih purata; ralat purata semakan Charlier semakan dalaman semakan teliti semangat kemasyarakatan
— — — — — — — —
— — —
— — —
-
unlisted security purchase money security interest association fuel cell basic cell alternate equicontinuous absolutely continuous post-maturity after date internal scatter of a sample
sembelih sembelihan binatang sembunyi; belulang semerta; spot semesta/sejagat semesta natijah sempadan bersama sempadan buatan sempadan kecekapan sempadan kelas sempadan kemungkinan harga sempadan kemungkinan pengeluaran sempadan penerimaan sempadan pentadbiran sempadan politik sempadan semula jadi sempadan utiliti tertinggi sempurna senarai gaji senarai menunggu
random scatter money veil discrepancy average error Charlier’s check internal check canvass check community spirit 736
— — -
— — — -
-
— — — — — —
slaughter animal carcasses hide spot universe universe of outcome common boundary artificial boundary efficiency frontier class boundary price possibility frontier production possibility frontier acceptance boundary administrative boundary political boundary natural boundary grand utility frontier perfect payroll waiting list
set pemetakan
senarai semakan senarai semakan senario pengindeksan harga minyak mentah seni bandar seni taman; pemandangan darat seni taman bandar/ pemandangan daratan bandar seni taman luar bandar/ pemandangan daratan luar bandar seni taman sisi jalan/ pengindahan daratan sisi jalan senjata atom senjata termonuklear sepanjang hayat separa/sebahagian separa-kerajaan seperseratusan/persentil sepusat
— —
— —
—
—
—
— — — — — —
check list crude price indéxation scenario townscape landscape
serabut buatan
—
artificial fibre
serah
—
deliver
serakan aerosol
—
aerosol dispersion
serakan data serakan mutlak serakan tak anjal serangga perosak serba sama serbuan bank serbuk peluntur serbuk piratrum sen
urban landscape
rural landscape
road side landscaping
sesakan set
atomic weapon thermonuclear weapon life duration partial quasi-government percentile concentric
set berbatas set data mikro set hasil bahagi
737
— — — — — — — -
— -
— -
dispersion of data absolute dispersin inelastic scattering insect pest congruence bank run bleaching powder pyrathrum powder tie bottleneck set bounded set micro data sets quotient set
set kosong set nol
—
empty set null set
set pemetakan
—
partition set
-
set perentang finit/set perentang terhingga
set perentang finit/set peren tang terhingga set perentangan set perentangan bebas set puas sama set setara set tak boleh bilang set terputus set tersusun separa/set tersusun sebahagian set tersusun-rapi set tertutup setahun/per tahun setara setem perdagangan setinggan seunit/per unit sewa sewa bahagian sewa beli sewa bezaan
—
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
— —
sewa tunai
finite spanning set spanning set independence spanning set indifference set equivalent set uncountable set disjoint set partially-ordered set
sewa boleh ramal
—
forecastable rent
sewa ekonomi
—
economic rent
sewa kasar berkesan
—
effective gross rent
sewa kekurangan
—
scarcity rent
sewa kemampuan sewa kontrak sewa kuasi sewa langgan sewa mati sewa pengguna sewa pengurusan sewa perdagangan sewa pertanian sewa tanah sewa tanah/sewa tapak sewa tapak sewa tersirat
well-ordered set closed set per annum equivalent trading stamp squatter per unit rent share rent
sewa tertaksir sewa tulen sewa tunai
hire purchase differential rent 738
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
rent of ability contract rent quasi rent custom hiring dead rent consumers rent managerial rent commercial rent agricultural rent land rent ground rent site rent implicit rent
—
imputed rent pure rent
—
cash rent
—
sewa tunai boleh ubah
sewa tunai boleh ubah sewaan/penyewaan sewaan berkala sewaan umum siaran/ucapan umum siasatan siatan luar sifat sifat; ciri sifat atom sifat diingini sifat dual tanah sifat fizikal; rupa bentuk fizikal sifat hipotesis sifat keemasan sifat keturunan sifat Markov sifat minyak mentah sifat pembalik faktor sifat pembalikan masa
sikap
— — — —
— — — — — — — — —
— — — — —
flexible cash rent tenancy periodic tenancy tenancy-in-common
sifat penganggar sifat penganggar asimptot sifat sampel besar sifat sampel kecil sifat semulajadi sifat tanpa ingatan sifat unit sifir penukaran sijil deposit sijil deposit boleh niaga
public address enquiry field investigation attribute characteristic atomic property desirable property dual nature of land physical feature
sijil keasalan sijil pembangunan perindustrian
property of hypothesis golden property hereditary property Markov property crude oil property factor reversal property time reversal property
sijil pembawa sijil penubuhan sijil rizab cukai s~jilsementara sijil syer sikap 739
— -
— — — — — — —
—
-
— — — — — —
property of estimator asymptotic property of estimator large-sample pioperty small-sample property natural feature memoryless property unit property conversion table certificate of deposit negotiable certificate of deposit certificate of origin industrial development certificate bearer certificate certificate of incorporation tax reserve certificate interim certificate share certificate attitude
sikap antitabungan
sikap antitabungan sikap pemulihara sikap pengundi sikap terhadap risiko siklon siikon silikon karbida silikon nitrida silogisme hipotetik simbol ketaksamaan simbol peta simetri pasaran simpan kira-kira simpan sambil beroleh simpanan; penyimpanan simpanan; tabungan; penjimatan simpanan air/bendungan air simpanan automatik simpanan berkitar
sinaran bumi
—
-
anti-saving attitude conservationist attitude
-
voter attitude attitude towards risk cyclone silicon silicon carbide silicon nitride hypothetical syllogism inequality symbol map symbol market symmetry. book keeping save as you earn storage saving
—
retention of water
— — — — — — — — — —
— —
-
simpanan cukai simpanan mati simpanan nilai simpanan sebenar simpanan secara pam simpanan semasa simpanan stok strategi simpanan stok simpang jalan simpang; cawang simulasi simulasi komputer simulasi Monte Carlo simulasi pembangunan simulasi sistem selanjar sinar haba sinar kosmos sinar penyerapan sinaran
automatic saving cyclic storage
sinaran bumi 740
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — — —
tax sparing dead storage store of value actual saving pumped storage demand deposit strategic stockpile stockpile cross road junction simulation computer simulation Monte Carlo simulation simulation of development continuous system simulation heat ray cosmic ray absorption ray radiation terrestrial radiation
sinaran cahaya (matahari)
sinaran cahaya (matahari) sinaran gama sinaran jasad hitam sinaran kosmos sinaran latar belakang sinaran lembut sinaran pembinasaan sinaran penuh sinaran peringkat kedua sinaran suria sinaran terma sintesis aliran sungai sin berselang-seli sin bertertib sin indeks sin infinit/siri tak terhingga sin Maclaurin sin masa siri masa ekonomi sin masa indeks
sian ternia
— — — — — — — — — — —
light ray gamma radiation black body radiation cosmic radiation background radiation soft radiations annihilation radiation complete radiation secondary radiation solar radiation thermal radiation stream flow synthesis alternating series ordered series index series infinite series
sin pengesan siri rambang siri rambang tulen siil terbeza •siri utama sisa; bald sisa berbahaya sisa berganda dua sisa nuklear/buangan nuklear sisa pepejal/buangan pepejal sisa perindustnian/ buangan perindustrian sisa radioaktif/buangan radioaktif sisa sulingan
— — — —
Maclaurin series time series economic time series index time series
sisa tak boleh punah/ buangan tak boleh punah sisa terma 741
—
tracking series random series purely random series differenced selies chief series residual
—
hazardous waste
— — — — —
—
squared residual nuclear waste
-
solid waste
-
industrial waste
—
radioactive waste
—
distillery waste
-
non-degradable waste
—
thermal waste
—
sisa tumbuhan
sisa tumbuhan sisaan sisi bersebelahan sisihan; lencongan sisihan kuartil/sisihan penyuku
sistem feudal
— — —
— —
plant residue residue adjacent side deviation quartile deviation
sisihan mm
—
mean deviation
sisihan mutlak
—
absolute deviation
sisihan mutlak mm
—
mean absolute deviation
sisihan piawai
—
standard deviation
sisihan purata sistem alam sekitar sistem sistem sistem sistem
aliranjalan raya alternatif amanan banjir atmosfera
sistem autoregresif sistem bangunan sistem bank tanah pensekutuan
— — — — — — —
— -
sistem barter/sistem tukar barang sistem bateni sistem bekalan air dual sistem belanjawan sistem helanjawan negeni sistem berkala sistem berparlimen sistem bersepadu sistem boleh urai sistem cara milik tanah sistem cukai sistem cukai ideal sistem dalam negeri sistem dalam talian sistem di tempatjualan sistem dua persamaan sistem dunia sistem ekologi sistem ekonomi sistem feudal
average deviation environmental system road circulation system alternative system flood warning system atmosphere system autoregressive system building system federal land bank system
742
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
barter system battery system dual water supply system budget system state budget system periodic system parliamentary system integrated system decomposable system land tenure system tax system ideal tax system internal system online system point of sale system two equation system world system ecological system economic system feudal system
sistem harga
sistem harga sistem harga titik asas sistem homogen linear sistem input-output sistem insentif/sistem galakan sistem inventoni sistem janji bertemu sistem kedwilogaman sistem kelompok; sistem kumpulan sistem kenderaan awam; sistem pengangkutan awam sistern kewangan sistem Keynes sistem kilang sistem Komprador sistem komunikasi sistem koordinat segi empat bujur tepat
sistem pemasaran pertanian
— — — —
—
— —
—
price system basic-point price system linear homogeneous system input-output system incentive system inventory system appointment system bimetallism system group system public transport system
—
monetary system Keynesian system
—
factory system
—
— — —
sistem kos-harga sistem kredit ladang sistem kredit pengeluaran sistem kuantiti pesanan semula tetap sistem layanan sistem Leontief sistem linear sistem luaran sistem makium balas sistem modular sistem nilai sistem nilai pusat sistem pampasan sistem pancutan udara sistem panjar sistem pasaran sistem pegangan
Camprador system communication system rectangular coordinate system
sistem pamasaran sistem pemasaran pertanian 743
— — — —
— — — — — — — — —
— — — —
— —
cost-price system farm credit system production credit system fixed reorder quantity system service system Leontief system linear system external system feedback system modular system value system central value system compensation system air injection system imprest system market system leasehold system marketing system agricultural marketing system
sistem pembetungan
sistem pembetungan sistem pembuangan sampah/sistem pembuangan sisa sistem pembuangan sisa pepejal sistem penanaman sistem pencen usia tua sistem penentuan harga dua tingkat sistem penentuan kos/ sistem pengekosan sistem pengadilan sistem pengangkutan besar-besaran sistem pengatur sistem pengumpulan gas sistem pengundian ikut mata sistem pengundian ‘~majmuk
sistem prapenyejukau
—
-
-
sewer system/sewerage system waste-disposal system
solid ~vastedisposal system
-
cropping system old age pension system two-tier pricing system
—
costing system
— -
— —
— —
-
sistem pengundian majoriti/sistem pengundian lebih suara sistem pengundian majoriti layak sistem penyebab sistem perancangan pemprograman pembelanjawanan sistem perbelanjaan sistem penindustnian sistem perjudian sistem permulaan pemboleh ubah rambang sistem pensamaan homogen sistem persamaan lengkap sistem persamaan linear sistem perusahaan bebas sistem perusahaan campuran sistem prapenyejukan
juridical system mass transit system regulator system gas-gathering system point voting system plural voting system
744
-
—
— -
— — —
—
— — —
simple majority voting system qualified majority voting system causal system planning programming budgeting system (PPBS) expenditure system industrial system gambling system elementary system of random variable homogeneous equation system complete system of equation system of linear equations fire enterprise system mixed enterprise system precooling system
sistem ragut sistem ragut sistem sistem sistem sistem sistem
ragut optimum rekursif nizab persekutuan saliran seperkongsian
sistem siar raya sistem sumber air sistem sungai terganggu sistem tenaga ekonomi sistem tenaga pasang surut sistem terminal pusat sistem tertutup sistem titik asas sistem Torrens sistem transit sistem upah sistem upah insentif/sistem upah galakan sistem upah wang
skim autoregresi Markov
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
—
system of grazing/grazing system optimal grazing system recursive system federal reserve system drainage system co-partnership system public address system water resource system disturbed river system energy-economic system tidal energy system central terminal system closed system basic-point system Torrens system transit system wage system incentive wage system
sistem urusan bank
-
sistem utama
-
banking system staple system
sistem Walras
-
Walrasian system
situasi skalar skandium skala bersenggat skala gaji skel nisbah skel pengeluaran skel penggunaan skel perladangan skel peta skel progresif skel suhu mutlak skim Almon lat polinomial skim autoregresif skim autoregresi Markov
money wage system 745
— —
— — — — — — — —
-
— —
situation scalar scandium graduated scale pay scale ratio scale scale of production scale of consumption scale of farming scale of map progressive scale absolute scale of temperature Almon scheme of polynomial lag autoregressive scheme Markov autoregressive scheme
skim autoregresif peringkat pertama skim autoregresif peringkat pertama
—
skim autoregresif taraf kedua skim autoregresif taraf tinggi skim bonus eksport skim harga minimum terjammn skim hubungan skim jujukan terbuka Skim Keutamaan Teram
—
—
—
— — —
skim komprehensif
—
skim lat geometri Koyck
—
skim lat menurun
—
skim pembaikan skim pembangunan semula skim pembatasan
first-order autoregressive scheme
skim penempatan kelompok
second-order autoregressive scheme
skim penempatan semula skim pengagihan semula
higher order autoregressive scheme
skim pengairan skim penyesuaian semula skim perancangan skim perancangan komprehensif skim perumahan skim perumahan pendapatan rendah skim segi empat bujur skim subsidi skim tanah terkawal skop/ruang lingkup skop dan magnitud skor mentah skrap soal selidik soalan beban
export bonus scheme guaranteed minimum price scheme association scheme open sequential scheme Generalized Scheme of Preference comprehensive scheme Koyck’s geometric lag scheme declining lag scheme
—
improvement scheme redevelopment scheme
—
restriction scheme
—
soalan beban
746
—
group settlement scheme
—
resettlement scheme
— —
— — —
— —
— — — — — — — — —
redistribution scheme irrigation scheme re-adjustment scheme planning scheme comprehensive planning scheme housing scheme low-income house scheme rectangular lag-scheme subsidy scheme controlled alienated scheme scope scope and magnitude raw score scrap questionnaire loaded question
soalan dikotomi
soalan dikotomi soalan dwilaras soalan hipotetik soalan menyinggung soalan terbuka sokongan harga sokongan harga ladang sokongan industni tempatan songsang songsang Moove-Punrase songsangan Leontief sorok sosial/masyarakat sosialisasi sosialisme sosiologi bandar sosiologi ekonomi spa pantai peranginan spektrum kimia spektrum letupan
statistik cukup
— — — —
-
— — — — — — — — — — — —
dichotomous question double barrel question hypothetical question touchy question open-ended question
spektrum penyerapan spektrum vanians spekulasi spekulasi ke depan spekulasi mata wang
—
absorption spectrum variance spectrum speculation futures speculation currency speculation
price support farm price support local industrial support
spesies atom
—
atomic species
spesies haiwan spesies terancam
—
spesifikasi spesifikasi gred
inverse Moove-Punrase inverse Leontief inverse hoard social socialization socialism urban sociology economic sociology seaside resort spa chemical spectrum explosion spectrum
spesifikasi kerja spesifikasi model spesifikasi terperinci stabil stag stagflasi statik ekonomi
747
— — — —
—
— —
— — -
-
animal species endangered species specification grade specification job specification model specification detailed specification stable
*
stag stagflation economic static
statik pembangunan
—
statics of development
statistik
-
statistics
statistik cukup
—
sufficient statistics
— —
statistik bersistem
statistik bersistem statistik cukup minimum statistik d Durbin-Watson statistik deduktif statistik deskriptif statistik ekonomi statistik F statistik infrens/statistik penaabiran statistik jangkaan hidup statistik jualan statistik kearuhan; statistik mengaruh statistik kelahiran statistik matematik statistik pangkat-tertib statistik pengeluaran awal statistik perumahan statistik t Student statistik-t statistik tak berparameter
stesen pungutan
— —
— — — —
— — —
— — — — — —
systematic statistics minimal sufficient statistic
statistik tambahan statistik tenlicin berganda statistik terlicin ganda tiga statistik terlicin tunggal statistik tertib statistik ujian status kewangan status wilayah stesen; hentian; balai stesen bukit stesen bunker stesen janakuasa stesen kuasa termal stesen pam stesen pam petrol stesen pembelian stesen penjanaan kuasa elektrik stesen penyelidikan bangunan stesen pungutan
Durbin-Watson d-statistic deductive statistics descriptive statistics economic statistics F-statistic inferential statistics life expectancy statistics sales statistics inductive statistics birth statistics mathematical statistics rank-order statistics early production statistics housing statistics Student’s t statistics t-statistics non-parametric statistics 748
—
ancillary statistic double smoothed statistic triple smoothed statistics single smoothed statistics order statistics test statistics financial status territoriality station hill station bunker station power station thermal power station pumping station petrol filling station buying station electric generation station
—
building research station
—
collection station
— — — — — — — — — — — — — -
stesen radio
stesen radio stok akhir/stok penutup stok bahan mentah stok keselamatan stok kurang dieksploitasi stok modal stok pembiakan stok penimbal stok permulaan stok perumahan stok terbuka stok wang stokastik stokyard stokyard awam stor; kedai stor kemudahan stor koperasi; kedai koperasi stor makanan rantaian strata
sirategi terambang
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
— -
radio station closing stock raw material stock safety stock underexploited stock capital stock breeding stock buffer stock opening stock housing stock open stock stock of money stochastic stockyard public stockyard store convenience store cooperative store
strata bandar strata luar bandar strata sosial strategi strategi alternatif strategi boleh terima strategi campuran strategi keputusan Bayes strategi maksimin strategi minimaks strategi pegün strategi pembangunan strategi pembangunan bantu dii strategi pengundian strategi pertumbuhan tak terimbang strategi pertumbuhan terimbang strategi perumahan murah strategi terambang
chain food store strata/stratum 749
— — — — — -
urban strata rural strata social strata strategy alternative strategy admissible strategy mixed strategy Bayesian decision strategy maximin strategy minimax strategy stationary strategy development strategy self-help development strategy
-
voting strategy unbalanced growth strategy
-
balanced growth strategy
-
— —
cheap housing strategy randomized strategy
sfrategi terdominan kardinal
strategi terdominan kardinal strategi terpengaruh strategi tulen struktur struktur bangunan struktur cukai struktur cukai optimum struktur hasil struktur jangka masa struktur kadar bayaran struktur kadar tambang struktur kadar upah struktur kelas struktur kepadatan tinggi struktur kos berbanding struktur modal struktur optimum struktur organisasi struktur pasaran struktur pencukaian
subsidi ladang
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
cardinal dominated strategy
struktur penduduk struktur pentadbiran struktur perindustrian struktur tanif struktur umur struktur zon subahat subbahagian; pecahan subkecil subkontrak; kontrak tambahan subkontraktor subkumpulan normal subperhandaran
dominated strategy pure strategy structure building structure tax structure optimal tax structure revenue structure term structure rate structure freight rate structure structure of wage rate class structure high-density structure comparative cost structure capital structure optimal structure organizational structure market structure structure of taxation
subpiawai subruang hubungan subruang tak bersamping sebenar subsidi subsidi awam subsidi kerajaan subsidi ladang 750
— — — — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
— — —
population structure administrative structure industrial structure tariff structure age structure zonal structure collusion sub-division sub-let sub-contract sub-contractor normal subgroup suburbanization sub-standard affine subspace virtually disjoint subspace subsidy public subsidy government subsidy farm subsidy
sumber dana
subsidi pemulihan buangan
subsidi pemulihan buangan subsidi pengurangan pencemaran subsidi perumahan subsidi sekali gus subsidi teknologi subsidi upah subtanih subtingkat bawah tanah suci hati sudut kandung sudut sendeng suhu ambien suhu berkesan suhu hulanan suhu mm sukuan sulfat sulfat amida lemak sulfonat alkil linear
—
-
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
waste-treatment subsidy
sulfur/belerang sulingan sumbangan amal sumber sumber air sumher akuatik sumber aliran sumber ameniti
pollution abatement subsidy housing subsidy lump-sum subsidy subsidy to technology wage subsidy subsoil sub-basement good faith included angle angle of inclination ambient temperature effective temperature monthly temperature mean temperature quadrant sulphate fatty amide sulphate linear alkyl sulphonate
sumber sumber sumber sumber
ash berpotensi biologi biologi terurus
sumber sumber sumber sumber sumber sumber sumber
boleh baharui boleh guna boleh habis boleh pupus boleh tambah buatan manusia burung
sumber dana 751
— — — — — — — —
sulphur distillate charitable contribution resource water resource aquatic resource flow resource amenity resource natural resource
—
potential resource biological resource managed biological resource renewable resource accessible resource depletable resource exhaustible resource replenishable resource man-made resource avian resource
—
fund resource
— — —
— — — — — —
sumber galian bukan bahan bakar/sumber mineral bukan bahan bakar
sumber galian bukan bahan bakar/sumber mineral bukan bahan bakar
sumber hidrokarbon
—
hydrocarbon resource
sumber hidup
—
living resource
—
in situ resource
sumber makanan taut sumber manusia sumber mineral sumber mineral samudera sumber minyak sumber minyak dunia sumber pemandangan sumber pembeni pinjam terakhir sumber pengehad sumber penyehidikan sumber perhutanan sum ber perlombongan sumber stok boleh musnah sumber tak boleh baharui sumber tanah sumber tanih sumber tenaga hidrokarbon
open access resource marine resource
sumber tidak diguna sumber udara
sumber galian bukan tenaga/sumber mineral bukan tenaga sumber galian enapan samudera/sumber mineral enapan samudera sumber galian tengah laut/ sumber mineral tengah laut sumber harta benda rnihik bersama/sumber harta benda milik umum
sumber in situ sumber laluan terbuka sumber laut
—
—
—
non-fuel mineral resource
non-energy mineral resource sedimentary marine mineral resource
offshore mineral resource
common property resource
— —
752
sumber udara
— — — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
— —
marine food resource human resource mineral resource marine mineral resource oil resource world oil resource visual resource lendet of last resort limiting resource research resource forestry resource mining resource destructible stock resource non-renewable resource land resource soil resource hydrocarbon energy resource non-use resource air resource
swnber variasi
sumber variasi sungai berliku-hiku sungai muda sungai pasir sungai permai suntikan suntikan air suntikaii input suntikan input tunggal superet superfosfat superkeluli surat ikatan surat ikatan amanab surat ikatan amanah debentur surat ikatan gahian/surat ikatan mineral surat kredit surat import suria
susun atur kepadatan
—
source of variation
-
meandering river young river sand stream scenic river injections water injection injection of input single input injection superette superphosphate supersteel deed deed of trust debenture trust deed
—
mineral deed
— — — — — — — — — — — —
— — —
surihan matriks suruhanjaya suruhanjaya cukai Suruhanjaya Dasar Ekonomi Luar Negeri suruhanjaya kuasa persekutuan suruhanjaya mergastua suruhanjaya monopoli Suruhanjaya Penangkapan Ikan Paus Antarabangsa suruhanjaya perancangan suruhanjaya perdagangan persekutuan suruhanjaya siasatan suruhanjaya tanah susu cair susun atur susun atur jalan raya susun aturjarak susun atur kediaman susun atur kepadatan
letter of credit import surcharge solar 753
— — — —
—
— —
—
— —
— — — — — —
trace of matrix commission tax commission Commission on Foreign Economic Policy federal power commission game commission monopoly commission International Whaling Commission (IWC) planning commission federal trade commission enquiry commission land commission fluid milk layout road layout spatial layout residential layout density layout
susun atur ladang susun atur ladang susun atur loji susun atur Radburn susunan ekonomi susunan ekonomi baru susunan menaik susunan menurun susunan projek susur kaki susut ketara; rugi ketara susut nilai susut nilai dipercepat susut nilai garis lurus susut nilai hasil tambah angka tahun susut nilai kos penggan. tian susut nilai mata wang susut nilai modal susut nilai modal manusia
syarat lepas jadi
— —
— — — — — — — — — —
—
—
— —
—
farm layout plant layout
susut nilai pencepatan susut nilai penggunaan jam mesin susut nilai pertukaran susut nilai terkumpul susut-berat pensel sut sut menurun syal syal berkarbon syal minyak syarat cukup syarat kebolehlaksanaan syarat kecekapan syarat kenalaran syarat keseimbangan syarat kesongsangan syarat kestabilan syarat kredit syarat Kuhn-Tucker syarat lepas jadi
Radburn layout economic order new economic order ascending order descending order project ranking foot rail apparent loss depreciation accelerated depreciation straight line depreciation sum-of-year-digit depreciation replacement cost depreciation currency depreciation capital depreciation depreciation of human capital 754
— —
— — — — — — — — — —
— — —
— —
acceleration depreciation machine-hour depreciation exchange depreciation accumulated depreciation pencil shrink marginal diminishing marginal shale carbonaceous shale oil shale sufficient condition feasibility condition efficiency condition regularity condition equilibrium condition invertibility condition condition of stability credit terms Kuhn-Tucker condition subsequent condition
syarat nominal
syarikat pemegangan
syarat nominal
—
nominal terms
—
terms of exchange terms of loan
syarat prajadi
—
precedent condition
syarat sosiobudaya dalam pembangunan ekonomi syarat sut syarat taraf syarat taraf kedua syarat taraf pertama syarat untuk pertumbuhan syarat untung sifar syarikat syarikat; perbadanan syarikat asing syarikat berhad syarikat can gali logam syarikat insurans syarikat insurans nyawa syanikat insurans stok syarikat kerjasama syarikat kewangan syarikat minyak luar negeni syanikat perdagangan
syarat pangkat
—
rank condition
syarat sempadan
-
boundary condition
syarikat pemegangan
syarat pangkat untuk pengenalpastian syarat pegun syarat pemaksimuman syarat pembayaran syarat pembayaran bahik syarat pembayaran balik pinjaman syarat perjanjian syarat perlu syarat perlu dan cukup syarat permulaan syarat pertukaran syarat pinjaman; tempoh pinjaman
-
—
— — — —
— — —
—
—
rank condition for identification stationary condition mazimization condition payment terms repayment terms loan repayment terms articles of agreement necessary condition necessary and sufficient condition initial condition
755
—
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
-
sociocultural condition of economic development marginal condition order condition second-order condition first-order condition condition for growth zero-profit condition company corporation foreign corporation limited company metal exploration company insurance company life insurance company stock insurance company cooperative society finance company overseas oil company trading company holding company
syarikat penama
syarikat penama syarikat perluspalan syarikat persendirian syrikat perumahan syarikat saham bersama syarikat sendirian berhad syarikat stokyard syarikat tertutup syarikat urusan bank syer; bahagian; saham syer bayar penuh syer beragihan
syis hablur
— — — -~ — — — — — — —
nominee company shipping line private company housing society joint stock company private limited company stockyard company closed company banking company share fully-paid share distributive share
syer berlebihan syer biasa syer boleh panggil syer boleh tukar syer bonus syer pengasas syer syarikat syiling/duit syiling emas syiling subsidiari syis hablur
756
— — — — — — — — — — —
excess share common share callable share convertible share bonus share founders share company share coin gold coin subsidiary coin crystalline schist
taakulan deduktif
taburan binomial
T
tabungan negara kasar
taakulan deduktif taakulan kearuhan; taakulan mengaruh
— —
deductive reasoning inductive reasoning
tabiat pembelian
—
buying habit
tabiat pengguna
-
consumer habit
tablau tablau permulaan tubrukan penemuan Tabung Kewangan Antarabangsa (TKA) tabungan tabungan tabungan tabungan tabungan benda
—
tableau initial tableau
—
discovery impact
-
asing awam bersama emas cair dalam bentuk
tabungan idaman tabungan isi rumah tabungan kerajaan
—
— — —
— — -
tabungan negatif tabungan paksa
International Monetary Fund (IMF)
tabungan perniagaan/ simpanan perniagaan tabungan persendinan tabungan syarikat/ simpanan perbadanan tabungan tempatan taburan arang batu taburan aritmetik
-
taburan berbentuk loceng taburan berbilang dimensi
foreign saving public saving gold pool fluid saving saving in kind
tahuran berbilang pemboleh ubah taburan Bernoulli taburan bersyarat taburan berteori taburan beta taburan binomial
desired saving household saving government saving 757
—
gross national saving negative saving
—
forced saving
-
business saving
-
—
personal saving corporate saving
—
local saving
—
-
— —
-
—
distribution of coal arithmetic distribution bell-shaped distribution multidimensional distribution multivariate distribution Bernoulli distribution conditional distribution theoretical distribution beta distribution binomial distribution
taburan campuran
taburan jangka panjang
taburan campuran
—
mix distribution
taburan Cauchy
-
Cauchy distribution
taburan Chi-ganda dua
-
Chi-square distribution
taburan diskret
—
discrete distribution
-
bivariate distribution
taburan dwipemboleh ubah taburan dwipemboleh ubah diskret taburan dwipemboleh ubah selanjar taburan ekamod taburan eksponen taburan eksponen dua hala taburan eksponen dua hujung taburan Erlang taburan F taburan frekuensi/taburan kekerapan
—
—
—
taburan frekuensi berteori/taburan kekerapan berteori taburan frekuensi mutlak/ taburan kekerapan mutlak
discrete bivariate distribution continuous bivariate distribution unimodal distribution exponential distribution
—
—
taburan frekuensi/ kekerapan dwipemboleh ubah taburan gama
-
taburan gama terpangkas
—
taburan Gauss
—
taburan geografi penduduk
—
—
theoretical frequency distribution absolute frequency distribution bivariate frequency distribution gamma distribution truncated gamma distribution Gaussian distribution geographic distribution of population
bilateral exponential distribution two-tailed exponential distribution
taburan gerak balas-masa tahuran haiwan
-
Erlang distribution
taburan hipereksponen
—
—
F-distribution frequency distribution
taburan hutan
—
—
distribution of forest
taburan jangka panjang
-
long run distribution
—
—
758
—
response-time distribution
—
distribution of animal hyper-exponential distribution
taburan jantina
taburan jantina taburan kadar upah taburan keadaan mantap taburan kebarangkalian/ taburan probability taburan kebarangkalian bersama/taburan probabiliti bersama taburan kenormalan asimptot taburan ketibaan taburan konjugat taburan kumulatif taburan kumulatif dwipemboleh ubah taburan kumulatif peratusan
taburan permintaan
—
sex distribution wage rate distribution
—
steady state distribution
—
probability distribution
—
—
—
—
— —
taburan masa menunggu taburan masa menunggu binomial taburan merosot taburan multinomial taburan nisbah varians
joint probability distribution
taburan normal taburan normal berbilang pemboleh ubah
asymptotic normality distribution arrival distribution conjugate distribution
taburan normal berlipat taburan normal hipersfera
-
— — —
—
— —
waiting time distribution binomial waiting-time distribution degenerate distribution mukinomial distribution variance ratio distribution normal distribution multivariate normal distribution folded normal distribution hyperspherical normal distribution
-
cumulative distribution bivariate cumulative distribution
taburan normal terpangkas
—
taburan normal terpiawai
—
taburan lognormal
-
percentage cumulative distribution lognormal distribution
taburan majmuk
-
compound distribution
taburan taburan taburan taburan
taburan masa layanan
—
service time distribution
taburan permintaan
—
—
759
penduduk pengehad pensampelan peratusan
-
truncated normal distribution standardized normal distribution distribution of population limiting distribution sampling distribution percentage distribution
-
demand distribution
—
taburan Poisson
taburan Poisson taburan Poisson terpangkas taburan probabiliti bersyarat/taburan kebarangkalian bersyarat taburan probabiliti selanjan taburan kebarangkalian selanjar taburan saiz taburan sampel uji kaji
tahap inaju
— —
—
-
Poisson distribution truncated Poisson distribution conditional probability distribution continuous probability distribution
taburan satu pemboleh ubah taburan segi empat bujur tepat taburan segi tiga
—
size distribution experimental sample distribution univariate distribution
—
rectangular distribution
taburan seiras bebas
-
taburan selanjar
-
taburan seragam taburan simetri
— —
—
-
taburan singular taburan Student t taburan sumber taburan t taburan tak bersandar tabüran tak singular taburan tempoh sibuk taburan terdahulu taburan terkemudian taburan ternormal taburan terpencong taburan umur taburan wilayah (penduduk) taburan zon tadahan tadahan penyerapan tadahan piawai tafsiran; pentafsiran tahap ekonomi tahap maju
triangular distribution independently identically distributed continuous distribution uniform distribution symmetric distribution 760
-
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — — —
singular distribution Student’s t distribution resource distribution t-distribution independent distribution non-singular distribution busy period distribution prior distribution posterior distribution normalised distribution skewed distribution age distribution regional distribution (population) zonal distribution catchment percolation basin standard catchment interpretation economic stage advanced stage
tahap pemecutan
tahap pemecutan tahap pengeluaran
takat ekaport emas
—
take-off stage stage of production
tahap penghijrahan
—
stage of migration
tahap pertumbuhan
-
stage of growth
tahap prestasi tahap tindakan tahun asas tahun fiskal tahun hidup tahun kalendar tahun kelahiran tahun kewangan tahun orang hidup tak anj~l tak bersandar demi pasangan tak bias tak boleh bakar tak boleh luasan tak boleh musnah
—
—
— —
— — —
— — — — —
— — —
tak boleh niaga tak boleh pindah milik tak ekonomi tak ekonomi luaran tak kecualian tak keuntungan tak mobiliti tak mobiliti jangka panjang tak mobiliti sumber tak mobiliti tanah tak negatif tak seimbang tak sesuai tak sihat tak sorok tak tekal tak teratur; kelam-kabut tak terkurang takat takat eksport emas
performance stage action stage base year fiscal year years lived calendar year year of birth financial year person-years lived inelastic pair-wise independent unbiased incombustible inextensible indestructible 761
— —
— — — — — —
— — — — — — — —
not negotiable not -transferable diseconomy external diseconomics non-exclusion non-profit immobility long-run immobility resource immobility immobility of land non-negative imbalance incompatible morbidity dishoarding inconsistent haphazard irreducible cut off gold export point
tanah bersebelahan
takat emas
takat emas takat gred takat import emas takat kritis takat lakuran takat putus taklimat perancangan taksiran taksiran cukai taksiran kadar tambang purata taksiran kebezaan taksiran masa depan taksiran negara taktik penyingkiran dan pemangsa takungan takungan air tanah takungan kekal takungan simpanan talian hantaran utama taman
-
— — — — — — — — —
— — — —
—
— — — — —
taman bandar raya taman burung taman didikan kanakkanak taman hiburan taman kota tambahan tambahan cukai tambahan ke atas bunga tambahan pemakanan tambahan tak usaha tambang lewat-tarikh tambang pendahuluan tanah tanah bangunan tanah belum membangun tanah bercerun tanah berhampiran
gold point cut off grade gold import point critical point fusion point break point planning briefs imputation tax assessment average freight rate assessment differential assessment future assessment state assesment predatory and exclusionary tactic reservoir groundwater reservoir lifetime reservoir storage reservoir main transmission line park
tanah berkapur tanah bersebelahan
762
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
garden city birds park nursery school amusement park garden town supplementary tak supplement add on interest nutritional supplement unearned increment back freight advance freight land building land undeveloped land slopping land neighbouring land calcareous soil adjacent land/contiguous land
tanah besar
tanah besar tanah boleh dimajukan
tanah tandus
—
mainland buildable land
tanah paya tanah perdagangan
tanah boleh tanam
—
tillable land
tanah bumiputera
—
tanah datum
-
tanah desa rosak tanah diberi milik tanah hutan tanahjajahan tanah jerlus tanah kediaman tanah kegunaan terhad tanah kerajaan tanah kerajaan negeri tanah kosong tanah lapang tanah latent tanah lembap daratan tanah hat berpasir tanah lombong
—
swampy land commercial land
tanah perkuburan
—
burial ground
native land
tanah permukaan asal
—
original surface soil
datum land
tanah pertanian
—
agricultural land
tanah perumahan
housing land
tanah pinggir
—
marginal land
tanah pupus
—
exhausted land
tanah ragut
—
range land
—
spoiled country side alienated land forest land colony quick ground residential land limited-use land crown land state land vacant land open ground/unbuilt area
—
—
laterite soil
—
— — — — — — — — —
— — —
tanah rizab tanah runtuh tanah sewa tanah simpanan tanah sisa tanah suai tanam tanah tak bergalian
inland wetland sandy clay mining land
tanah tak boleh diberi milik tanah tandus 763
—
— — —
— —
reserved land landslide rented land reserved land residual soil
—
arable land barren ground
—
inalienable land
—
waste land
—
tanah tebus-guna
tanah tebus-guna tanah terbiar
tanah tanah tanah tanah tanah
terganggu tinggi tiruan tropika usang
tanaman berbilang tuai tanaman berjalar tanaman cukup hidup tanaman dua kali tanaman dua musim tanaman kontan tanaman makanan ternakan tanaman penutup bumi tanarnan pokok pelindung tanaman saka tanaman tambahan
tanth granit
—
reclaimed land idle land/derelict land/ uncultivated land! uncuhtured land disturbed land highland artificial earth tropical soil degraded land/obsolete land
—
multi-harvest crop
— —
— — —
— —
— — —
— — —
tanaman teratur tanda algebra tanda kelas tanda lunas tanda pengenalpastian tanda perdagangan tanda sempadan; perenggan tanda tempat tandatangan balas tangan tak nampak tanggapan kepentingan tangguh guna tanggungan terakru/ hiabihiti terakru
strip cropping subsistence crop double cropping biennial crops cash crop crops fodder
tangki minyak tangki septik tani; ladang; kebun tanih atas tanih berpasir tanih gnanit
cover crop shelter belt plant perennial crop supplementary crops 764
— — — — —
— —
— — — — — —
— — — — — —
formal planting algebraical sign class mark acquittance identification mark trade-mark demarcation land mark countersign invisible hand interest perception abstinence accrued liability fuel tank septic tank farm topsoil sandy soil granitic soil
tanih hutan
tanih hutan tanjung pasir tanpa diskriminasi tanpa penggunaan sumber tanpa sambutan kepada insentif tanpa sambutan tanpa untung tanya siasat tanya siasat awam tanya siasat perancangan tapak tapak bangunan tapak cadangan tapak terdedah tara pertukaran tarafhidup tarafkredit taraf penkahwinan tarif tanif ad valorem
tarikh dikeluarkan
— — — — —
— — — — — -
— — — — — — — -
forest soil sand spit non-discrimination non-utilization of resource non-response to incentive non-response non-profit inquiry public inquiry planning inquiry site building site proposed site exposed site par of exchange standard of living credit status marital status tariff ad valorem tariff
tarif autonomi tarif berbilang bahagian tarif berkesan
—
autonomous tariff multipart tariff effective tariff
tarif berpilih-pilih
—
made-to-measure tariff
tarif bukan mencegah
-
non-prohibitive tariff
tanif dan kuota tanif dua bahagian tarifjadual tunggal tanif kadar berubah tanif kadar sama rata tarif mencegah tanif pembalasan tarif perlindungan tarif perlindungan berkesan tanif seragam tarif spesifik tarif terherot tarif timbal balas tanikan tanikh akruan tarikh dikeluarkan 765
— —
— — — — — — — — — — — —
tariff and quota two-part tariff single schedule tariff variable rate tariff flat rate tariff prohibitive tariff retaliatory tariff protective tariff effective protection tariff uniform tariff specific tariff distorted tariff countervailing tariff attraction accrual date date of issue
tarikh inibangan
tarikh imbangan tarikh kematangan tarikh matang tarikh penamatan tanikh siap tasik buatan tasik garam tasik hipolimnion tasik kawah tatacara tatacara algebra lelaran tatacara bebas taburan tatacara carian tatacara kawalan mudah suai tatacara lelaran tatacara pembezaan tatacara pengiraan ke hadapan tatacara penjualan tatacara penjualan lelong
tataurusan pertubuhan
— — — —
— — — — — — — — —
balance date maturity date due date date of termination
—
—
auction selling procedure
— —
tatacara pinjaman tatacara tak boleh terima tatarajah; tatabentuk tatasusunan tatasusunan kos input maksimum
date of completion artificial lake salt lake hypolimnion lake crater lake procedure iterative algebraic procedure distribution free-procedure search procedure adaptive-control procedure iterative procedure differencing procedure forward computational procedure selling procedure
—
tatacara perancangan tatacara peruntukan berkadar
tatasusunan titik tatatanda tatatanda fungsian tatatanda indeks tatatanda padat tatatanda penghasiltambahan tatatanda subskrip tatatanda superskrip
766
— —
— —
—
— -
— — -
— -
planning procedure proportional allocation procedure loan procedure iterative procedure configuration array maximum cost input array array of point notation functional notation index notation compact notation summation notation subscript notation superscript notation
tatatertib amalan
—
code of practice
tataurusan pertubuhan
—
articles of association
taufan
teknik pengumpulan tekanan melampau
—
hurricane bargaining collective bargaining
tawar-menawar selengan
—
arm’s length bargaining
tawar-menawar tanpa kos
—
costless bargaining wage bargaining counter offer consumer offer
taufan tawar-menawar tawar-menawar kolektif
tawar-menawar upah tawaran balas tawaran pengguna tawas hitam tawas kromium tawas tembaga tebang habis tebing sungai tebing terusan tebus tekaan terbaik tekanan atmosfera tekanan ekonomi tekanan inflasi tekanan luar negeri
— —
— — —
— —
— — — -
— — — — — —
black alum chrome alum
tekanan mutlak
—
overpressure absolute pressure
tekanan pasaran
—
market forces
tekanan penduduk
—
population pressure
tekanan politik
—
political pressure
tekanan takungan
—
reservoir pressure
teknik
—
technique
teknik bentuk terkurang
-
reduced-form technique
teknik cabangan dan batasan teknik canian teknik canian garisan teknik Doolittle teknik heuristik teknik pelicinan teknik pencerap bergerak/ teknik pemerhati bergerak
copper alum clear felling river bank canal bank redeem best guess atmospheric pressure economic pressure inflationary pressure external force
teknik pengeluaran teknik pengumpulan 767
—
—
— — — — — —
— -
branch-and-bound technique search technique line search technique Doolittle technique heuristic technique smoothing technique moving-observer technique
technique of production pooling technique
teknik penilaian teknik penilaian teknik penilaian dan kajian semula program
teknologi pemasaran
— —
teknik penilaian kontingen
—
teknik pensampelan
—
teknik perancangan
-
teknik perancangan formal
—
teknik perancangan kawasan teknik perancangan ternormal teknik perikanan teknik persamaan serentak teknik persamaan tunggal teknik poster teknik seismik teknik soalan langsung
—
—
-
— — — —
valuation technique programme evaluation and review technique (PERT)
sampling technique
teknik statistik teknologi teknologi alternatif teknologi berdaya maju teknologi berintensif modal teknologi binaan
planning technique
teknológi keamatan faktor
formalized planning technique technique for area planning
teknologi kendalian terrnaju
contingent valuation technique
teknologi kimia teknologi maklumat
normalized planning technique
teknologi mengeluarkan tenaga teknologi menggunakan kayu teknologi menggunakan tenaga
fishery technique simultaneous equation technique single-equation technique poster technique seismic technique direct question technique
teknologi nuklear teknologi pemasaran 768
— — — — —
-
—
—
— -
—
statistical technique technology alternative technology viable technology capital intensive technology building technology technology of factor intensity advanced operational technology chemical technology information technology energy-producing technology
—
wood-using technology
—
energy-using technology
— —
nuclear technology marketing technology
teknologi percairan
teknologi percairan teknologi pengayaan uranium teknologi peredaan teknologi pertengahan teknologi perubatan teknologi petroleum teknologi sesuai teknologi tak sesuai teknologi tradisional teknologi unggul tekstun telaga artesan telaga minyak terdedah telaga minyak telaga pembangunan telaga pengeluaran telaga penilaian telaga penilaian liar telaga suntikan telahan; penelahan
tempat teduh bas
— —
— — — — — -
— — — — — — — —
— —
liquefaction technology uranium enrichment technology abatement technology intermediate technology medical technology petroleum technology appropriate technology inappropriate technology traditional technology
tembaga merah silikon tembereng garisan tembereng permulaarr tembok sungai tempat tempat tempat tempat tempat tempat tempat cuti
dominant technology texture artesian well stripped oil well oil well development well production well appraisal well wildcat appraisal well
terupat perlindungan mergastua tempat perniagaan tempat persilangan; titik persilangan tempat teduh bas 769
— — -
—
berhenti berlindung cukai kejadian (lahir) kerja menarik peranginan masa
tempat perhimpunan tempat penlindungan hidupan liar
injection well prediction
—
— — — — — —
silicon copper line segment initial segment river wall premise/locality stopping place tax haven place of occurrence place of work place of interest holiday resort
—
place of assembly wildlife refuge
—
game refuge
—
business premise
—
intersection point
—
bus shelter
—
tempat tinggal
tempat tinggal tempat tu~u/destinasi tempoh asas tempoh belanjawan tempoh beri makan tempoh gadai janji tempoh gerak balas tak boleh ubah tempoh hayat tempoh jadual tempoh kematangan tempoh kemelesetan tempoh klasik tempoh pasaran tempoh pelaburan tempoh pemegangan tempoh pemegangan ladang tempoh pemerhatian/ tempoh pencerapan tempoh penebusan
tenaga angin
-
place of residence destination
—
base period
—
— —
—
—
observation period
—
redemption period
— — — — — -
-
tempoh pengeluaran
-
tempoh tempoh tempoh tempoh tempoh tempoh tempoh tempoh tempoh
budget period feeding period mortgage term invariable response period life period schedule period maturation period depression period classical period market period investment period holding period farm tenure
—
tempoh penelahan
penyelenggaraan perakaunan peralihan pungutan purata ramalan satu; tak berkala sibuk tangguh
tempoh terbiar temu bual langsung; temu duga langsung temu bual mendalam temu bual perorangan; temu duga perorangan temu duga; temu ramah/ temu bual tenaga angin 770
— — — — — —
— —
prediction period period of production! production period maintenance period accounting period transitional period collection period average period forecast period periodic busy period grace period idle period direct interview
—
depth interview personal interview
—
interview
-
wind energy
-
tenaga asas
tenaga asas tenaga atom
teorem had memusat
—
basic energy
—
atomic energy
tenaga bahan bakar fosil
—
fossil fuel energy
tenaga berpotensi
—
potential energy
tenaga biologi tenaga boleh baharu tenaga bukan perdagangan tenaga buruh tenaga buruh pertanian tenaga dalaman tenaga elektrik tenaga gelombang tenaga geoterma tenaga haba tenaga hidro tenaga iklim tenaga larutan tenaga manusia tenaga nuklean tenaga pengaktifan
— —
— —
non-commercial energy labour force agricultural labour force
—
—
activation energy
— — — — — — — —
tenaga resapan tenaga sinaran tenaga suria tenaga takat sifat tenaga terma tenaga tersedia tengah laut tentuan; terpilih teorem teorem Bayes teorem belanjawan terimbang teorem Coase teorem Cochrane teorem dualiti teorem dualiti lemah teorem ergodik teorem Gauss-Markov teorem had memusat
biological energy renewable energy
internal energy electrical energy wave energy geothermal energy heat energy hydro energy climatic energy solution energy manpower nuclear energy
—
tenaga perdagangan tenaga perindustrian
771
— — — — — — — — — — -
— — — — —
commercial energy industrial energy energy of diffusion radiant energy solar energy zero point energy thermal energy available energy offshore designated theorem Bayes theorem balanced budget theorem Coase theorem Cochrane theorem duality theorem weak duality theorem ergodic theorem Gauss-Markov theorem central limit theorem
teorem kehabisan keluaran
teori geran
teorem kehabisan keluaran — product exhaustion theorem teorem kemustahilan — impossibility theorem teorem keunikan — uniqueness theorem teorem kewujudan — existence theorem teorem nilai mm — mean value theorem teorem penambahan — addition theorem teorem pengekodan — coding theorem teorem sarang lelabah — cobweb theorem teorem tabungan sebagal saving-is-spending theorem perbelanjaan teorem titik pelana teori teori agihan sut teoni asas eksport teoni bencana alam teori bunga tangguh guna teori buruh lebihan kiasik Leon dasar alam sekitar
— —
—
— — —
—
—
teori dasar ekonomi teori daya pengeluaran sut teori demokrasi Leon dinamik Leon dualiti teori ekonomi teoni ekonomi fahaman Marx teoni ekonomi kiasik Leon ekonomi neokiasik
saddle point theorem theory
teori teori teori teori teoni
marginal theory of distribution export base theory catastrophe theory abstinence theory of interest classical theory of surplus labour
evolusi faedah (cukai) gangguan rambang gerak balas gerak balas selanjar
teoni gerak balas tak selanjar
theory of environmental policy
teoni geran 772
— —
— — — — —
— —
— — —
— —
—
—
theory of economic policy marginal productivity theory theory of democracy dynamic theory duality theory economic theory Marxist theory of economics classical economy theory neoclassical economic theory evolutionary theory benefit theory random noise theory response theory theory of continuous response theory of discontinuous response theory of grant
teori graviti
teoni gnaviti teoni guna tenaga klasik teori hak milik teori harga teori integnasi; teori pengamilan teoni kawalan optimum Leon kebolehpercayaan teori kecairan pelaburan teoni keputusan teori keputusan Bayes teoni keputusan statistik teoni kesesakan teoni kitaran penjanaan sendiri Leon teoni teoni Leon
kitaran penniagaan kiasik korelasi konelasi linear
teori penduduk optimum
— —
— — —
— — —
— — — —
— — — —
theory of gravity classical employment theory title theory price theory integration theory
teoni kos dan hasil
—
cost and revenue theory
teori kos tercantum
—
unified cost theory
teori kredit
—
credit theory•
teori teoni teori teoni
optimal control theory reliability theory liquidity theory of investment
kuantiti wang letakan limpahan maklumat
—
quantity theory of money location theory spillover theory information theory
teoni membuat keputusan
—
theory of decision making
teoni nilai buruh
-
Leon nilai modal teori nukleus berganda
decision theory Bayesian decision theory statistical decision theory congestion theory self-generating cycle theory
teori pasaran buruh dual teori pembaharuan teori pembangunan ekonomi teoni pembentukan harga
business cycle theory classical theory correlation theory theory of linear correlation 773
— — —
— —
— —
labour theory of value capital theory of value multiple nucleus theory dual labour market theory renewal theory
—
theory of economic development price formation theory
teori penduduk
-
population theory
teoni penduduk Malthus
-
teoni penduduk optimum
-
—
Malthusian theory of population optimum population theory
teor pengagihan daya pengeluaran sut
teoni pengagihan daya pengeluaran sut teori penggantian teoni periggiliran Leon pengguna teoni penggunaan teori penggunaan pendapatan relatif teoni pengoptimuman kiasik teoni pengorbanan teori pensampelan teoni pensampelan kecil teori pensampelan tepat teoni penstabilan pendapatan teori perancangan teoni perdagangan an Lanabangsa
teori taksfran
marginal productivity theory of distribution replacement theory
teoni pilihan ruang teori pilihan sosial teori pusat pertumbuhan
—
queueing theory consumen theory consumption theory relative income consumption theory classical optimization theory
—
sacrifice theory
—
—
— — —
-
spatial choice theory social choice theory growth pole theory
teoni pusat setempat
—
central place theory
teoni pusat-pinggin
—
center-periphery theory
teori nadikal
—
radical theory
teoni sebab-musabab kumulatif teoni sektor
— — —
teoni sektor berjejari teoni sewa teori sewa daya pengeluaran
sampling theory small sampling theory exact sampling theory income stabilization theory
-
planing theory
—
international trade theory
teoni permainan
—
game theory
teoni pertumbuhan
—
growth theory
teoni sewa Ricardo teori statistik teoni stokastik teoni struktur teoni tahuran teori tahap teori taksiran 774
— —
—
— —
— -
— —
cumulative causation theory sector theory radial sector theory rent theory productivity theory of rent Ricardian rent theory statistical theory
—
stochastic theory structural theory distribution theory stage theory
—
imputation theory
— — —
teori tawar-menawar (upah)
teori tawar-menawar (upah) teori tenbaik kedua teoni tenbaik kedua umum teoni tercantum teori tolakan raksasa teoni upah-dana teori utiliti berbagai-bagai cmi teoni wang barangan/teoni wang komoditi teori zon sepusat tepat tepi/pinggmr tenas arus udara jet terbengkalai (projek) terbitan berarah terbitan biasa/denivatif biasa
termoklin
—
—
—
— -
bargaining theory (wage)
terbitan fidusiari terbitan hak terbitan lebih tinggi
theory of second-best! second best theory general theory of second best unified theory big-push theory
higher derivative
—
capital issue
terbitan mutlak
—
absolute derivative
—
partial derivative
—
cross partial derivative
terbitan separa/terbitan sebahagian
—
—
commodity theory of money
terbitan tender terbitan untuk pencapaian
— —
— — —
concentric zone theory
terbitan wang kertas terhasil tambah secara mutlak
accurate edge jet stream’s cQre
terminal terminal lapangan terbang termodinamik
abandonment (project) directional derivative ordinary derivative
termoelektnik termoklin 775
rights issue
-
terbitan separa silang! terbitan sebahagian silang
—
fiduciary issue
—
terbitan modal
wage-fund theory multi-attribute utility theory
—
—
— —
—
— — —
— —
tender issue issue for subscription note issue absolutely summable terminal airport terminal thermodynamic thermoelectricity thermocline
ternionuklear
termonuklear ternakan ternakan ikan perdagangan ternakan lembu terombosan air masin terpencil terpilih terpolanisasi tersilap pengelasan tersirat tertabur serupa tertib kitaran tertib pengeluaran terumbu karang terutama; keutamaan tesis genangan tiang sempadan tiang tanda tikas air pasang tikas air tinggi
tindakan kinila
— — —
— — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —
thermonuclear livestock commercial fish rearing
tiket ulang-alik timah timah kiorida timah lanar
cattle raising salt-water encroachment isolated selective polarized misclassification implicit identically distributed cyclical order production line coral reef preference stagnation thesis boundary pillar sign post high tide mark high water mark
timah telenang tindak balas fotokimia tindak balas lengkap/ tindak balas penuh tindak balas pembelahan nuklear tindak balas serentak undak balas tanaman-baja tindak balas termonuklear tindakan biokimia tindakan budi bicara tindakan ganti rugi tindakan hakisan tindakan hidraulik tindakan kakisan tindakan kimia 776
—
commutating ticket tin tin chloride alluvial tin/stream tin! tin alluvial
—
lode tin photochemical reaction
—
complete reaction
—
nuclear fission reaction
-
— — — — — — — — — —
concurrent response crop-fertilizer response thermonuclear reaction biochemical action discretionary measure act of indemnity erosive action hydraulic action corrasive action chemical action
tindakan kolektif
tindakan kolektif tindakan kongres tindakan pasang surut
titik lengkuk balas
—
collective action congressional action
—
—
tidal action
tindakan pembetulan
—
corrective action
tindakan serta-merta
—
immediate action
tindihan genenasi
—
generation overlap
tingkat
—
storey
—
subsistence level
tingkat cukup hidup; tingkat sara din tingkat harga tingkat harga umum tingkat input tak rasional tingkat keseimbangan guna tenaga tingkat kos sara hidup tingkat mutu boleh tenima tingkat pendapatan tingkat pendapatan perseorangan tingkat pengagregatan
— —
— —
— —
— —
—
tingkat pengeluaran tingkat perkhidmatan tingkat perkhidmatan optimum tingkat pesanan semula tingkat prestasi tingkat upah tingkatan khas; gred khas tinjauan umum; pandangan dan udara
price level general price level
tipologi perancangan titanium
irrational input level employment equilibrium level
titian titik; tempat titik dalaman titik ekstrem titik input titik kesejahteraan/ titik kebahagiaan titik kesetumpuan titik lengkuk balas
cost of living level acceptable quality level level of income personal income level level of aggregation 777
—
production level service level
—
optimal service level
—
—
reorder level performance level wage level special grade birds’ eye view
-
planning typology
-
titanium
— — — —
— — — —
— —
foot bridge point interior point extreme point input point bliss point point of concurrency point of inflection
titik maksimum
titik maksimum titik output titik pampasan titik pelana titik pengumpulan titik penjunu titik penyemakan; tempat pemeriksaan titik penyongsangan titik pertumbuhan titik pesanan semula titik pulang-modal titik rujukan titik sebulatan titik sempadan titik senipadan nalar titik sentuh; titik pertemuan
transformasi dampingan sendiri
— — —
-
— —
— —
— —
— —
—
titik singular tak nalar
—
titik singular terpencil
—
maximum point output point compensation point
titik tengah jeda titik tengah kelas titik terminal; titik penamat titik terpencil toksikan makanan toksikan makanan semula jadi tol jalan tolakan air
saddle point accumulation point corner point checking point inversion point growth point reorder point
tolakan kos tolakan raksasa tong per had tonjolan
break-even point point of reference concyclic point boundary point regular boundary point
torium trade-off dasar tradisi transformasi transformasi atom transformasi dampingan sendiri
point of contact irregular singular point isolated singular point 778
-
— —
midpoint of interval class midpoint terminal point
—
isolated point food toxicant natural food toxicant
—
road toll
— -
-
water drive cost push big push barrels per day spike thorium
—
policy trade-off
— — — — —
— —
— —
traditioii transformation atomic transformation self-adjoint transformation
transformasi dwipemboleh ubah
transformasi dwipemboleh ubah transformasi ekonomi transformasi isometri transformasi kamilan probabiliti/transformasi kamilan kebarangkalian transformasi Koyck transformasi Koyck terubahsuai transformasi transformasi transformasi transformasi transformasi
linear log ganda dua monotoni penguncupan permulaan
transformasi salingan transformasi saw transformasi separa log transformasi struktur transformasi sudut transit
—
— — -
— -
— — — — —
— — — —
— —
tukar tertib bivaniate transformation
transit bandar transposisi/silang ganti transye emas tribunal tanah tniti persendirian/ perjanjian persendirian tritium tropika truput maksimum tuai sekali tuaian keluaran tuan tanah tuan tanah duduk luar tubrukan cukai tubrukan langsung tubrukan tak langsung tubtrhan terbuka tugas kumpulan tujuan perindustrian tukang emas tukar tertib
economic transformation isometric transformation probability integral transformation Koyck transformation modified Koyck transformation linear transformation double-log transformation monotonic transformation contraction transformation elementary transformation reciprocal transformation unitary transformation semi log transformation structural transformation angular transformation transit 779
— — — —
— — — — — — — — —
urban transit transposition gold tranche land tribunal private treaty tnitium tropical maximum throughput single harvest output harvest landlord absentee landlord tax impact direct impact indirect impact open shop group task industrial purpose goldsmith abelian
tukar tertib berdaya tanibab
tukar tertib berdaya tambah tulen tumbuh-tumbuhan h~jau tumbuh-tumbuhan puncak tumbuhan tumbuhan akuatik tumbuhan jarang tumbuhan meluruh tumbuhan terapung tumbuhan tiram caruk/ tumbuhan tiram alur tumpahan minyak tumpat asimptot tumpu tumpuan pembeli tumpuan wilayali tunai atas dokumen tunai di bank tunai masa serahan
turun naik perniagaan
—
— — -
—
— —
— — — — —
— — —
additive abelian
tunal runcit tuntutan tuntutan asing tuntutan balik duti tuntutan ekuiti tuntutan kematangan tuntutan kematian tuntutan sisa tuntutan upah turas; penuras
pure greenery climax vegetation plant aquatic plant sparse vegetation deciduous plant floating vegetation oyster creek plant
turbin gas turpentin Kanada turun; kurang; ringkas singkat
oil spill asymptotic dense converge buyer concentration polarized region
turun naik turun naik turun naik turun naik turun naik mangsa turun naik
cash against document vault cash cash on delivery (C.O.D.) 780
— — — — — —
— — —
— — —
perniagaan
residual claim wage claim filter gas turbine Canada turpentine reduce
—
fluctuation cyclical fluctuation seasonal fluctuation price fluctuation predator-prey fluctuation
—
business fluctuation
-
berkitaran bermusim harga pemangsa-
petty cash claim foreign claims duty drawback equity claim maturity claim death claim
— — —
turun nailc tak nalar
turun naik tak nalar barangan turun-naik harga komoditi/turun-naik harga barangan
tutup kedai; pengambilan terbatas
— —
irregular fluctuation commodity price fluctuation
tutup akaun tutup kedai; pengambilan terbatas
781
— —
close account close shop
ubah bentuk plastik
ujian ketakbersandaran
U ubah bentuk plastik ubahan bermusim/vaniasi bermusim ubi kentang udara alir lin tang udara ambien ufuk masa ufuk perancangan ufuk perancangan inflriit/ ufuk perancangan tak terhingga ufuk tak terbatas ujian berjujukan ujian berjujukan Cartes ujian berjujukan nisbah probabiliti/ujian berjujukan nisbah kebarangkalian ujian bersyarat ujian beza-tanda
— —
plastic deformation seasonal variation
ujian boleh terima ujian Chow
—
admissible test
-
Chow test
ujian denia
—
sensory test
ujian dua hujung
—
—
potatoes advection air
ujian dua sisi ujian Durbin-Watson
—
ambient air
ujian F ujian gelinciran
—
— — -
— — — —
— —
time horizon planning horizon infinite planning horizon
ujian H ujian hasil tambah pangkat ujian ujian ujian ujian
unbounded horizon sequential test Cartesian sequential test probability ratio sequential test
hipotesis identiti kebolehlaksanaan keertian
ujian kehomogenan ujian ujian ujian ujian ujian
conditional test difference-sign test 782
kehomoskedastian kepekaan kerambangan kesamaan ketakbersandaran
— -
two-tailed test two-sided test Durbin-Watson test
—
F-test slippage test
—
H-test
—
—
rank-sum test test of hypothesis identity test feasibility test significant test
-
test of homogeneity
—
— —
—
— — — — -
test for homoscedasticity sensitivity test randomness test test of equality test of independent
uji kaji faictorial campuran
ujian ketepatan ujian ketepatan ujian ketepatan padanan ujian kewangan ujian khi-ganda dua klasik ujian korelasi bersiri ujian larian ujian membulat ujian minimaks ujian nisbah kebolehjadian ujian nisbah kebolehjadian berjujukan ujian nisbah rizab ujian paling kuasa ujian pampasan ujian pemasaran ujian pembalikan faktor ujian pembalikan masa ujian penglihatan ujian penyingkiran ujian perbezaan perpasangan
— — — — — — — — -
— — — — — — — —
ujian perhubungan ujian pilihaturan ujian ralat piawai ujian saksama tak bias asimptot ujian satu hujung
test of goodness goodness-of-fit test financial test classical chi-square test serial correlation test run test circular test minimax test likelihood ratio test sequential likelihood ratio test
ujian ujian ujian ujian ujian ujian ujian ujian
reserve ratio test most powerful test compensation test marketing test factor reversal test time reversal test visual test elimination test paired-difference test
serakan statistik
— -
—
— —
t
—
t terkumpul
—
tak berparameter tanda teguh terkuat seragam
ujian udara ujikaji uji kaji binomial uji kaji cukup uji kaji faktorial campuran 783
-
— — — —
test of association permutation test standard error test asymptotically unbiased test one-sided test/one-trailed test dispersion test statistical test t—test pooled t-test non-parametric test sign test robust test uniformly most powerfiul test
—
air-test experiment
-
binomial experiment
—
— —
sufficient experiment mixed factorial experiment
tiji kaji komposit uji kaji komposit uji kaji rambang uji kaji tak bersandar uji kaji terkawal uji kaji terunjur ukur (dad) udara ukur jajaran ukur tanah ukur topografi ukuran arang batu ukuran cukai jualan ukuran deskriptif ukuran hasil darab ukuran kecenderungan memusat ukuran kemampuan ukuran luar ukuran nilai tengah ukuran peraturan ukuran perubahan ukuran teraruh
undang-undang kontrak persendirian
— — — — —
— — — — — — — —
— — — — — —
composite experiment random experiment independent experiment controlled experiment projected experiment air survey
ulang kaji hipotesis ulat sutera umur bekerja umur bersekolah umur boleh beranak umur mutlak umur sifar
alignment survey land survey topographical survey coal measure measure of sale tax descriptive measure product measure measure of central tendency ability measure outer measure measure of central value rule measure measure of change induced measure
undang-undang air undang-undang am undang-undang antidiskriminasi undang-undang antimonopoli undang-undang antitrust undang-undang cara milik tanah undang-undang jualan undang-undang kacau ganggu undang-undang kontrak persendirian 784
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— —
revision of hypothesis silk worm working age school age childbearing age absolute age zero age
—
water law general law
-
anti-discrimination law
-
anti-monopoly law
—
antitrust law
—
land tenure law
—
law of sales
—
law of nuisance
—
private contract law
—
undang-undang paten
undang-undang paten undang-undang pelesenan undang-undang pencerobohan undang-undang swasta undang-undang upah kuku besi undUr tarikh ungkapan algebra unik unit unit arbitrani/unit sembarangan unit kejiranan unit keluarga unit kerajaan unit kerja berdaya keluaran unit kewangan unit makanan unit membayar cukai unit mutlak
unsur aksesori
— — —
patent law licensing law laws of trespass
—
private law iron law of wage
—
backdate
—
— —
— — — — —. —
—
unit pembuangan sampah unit pengeluaran’ pertanian unit pengiraan unit pensampelan unit pensampelan bertindih unit pentadbiran unit perancangan ekonomi unit perancangan tenaga manusia
algebraic expression unique unit arbitrary unit
unit perumahan unit subordinat unit teknik unit terma British unit uji kaji unjuran bayangan unjuran ekonomi unjuran pertanian unsur unsur aksesori
neighbourhood unit family unit governmental unit productive work unit monetary unit feed unit tax paying unit absolute unit 785
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garbage disposal unit agricultural production unit
-
unit to account sampling unit overlapping sampling unit
-
administrative unit
-
— —
— — — — — — —
economic planning unit manpower planning unit housing unit subordinate unit technical unit British thermal unit experimental unit shadow projection economic projection agricultural projection element accessory element
unsur bahan bakar
unsur bahan bakar unsur bergas unsur bukan kewangan unsur nadir bumi unsur probabiliti/unsur
kebarangkalian unsur radioaktifbuatan unsur nambang unsur sewa dalam upah unsun surihan unsur wakilan untung; keuntungan untung abnormal untung benar untung berlebihan untung bersih untung boleh taksir cukai untung dijangka untung dipermodalkan untung ekonomi tulen untung kasar
upah tahunan
— — — -
— — — — — — — — — — — — —
fuel element gaseous element non-pecuniary element rare-earth element probability element
untung kendalian bersih untung kewangan maksimum un tung minimum untung normal untung sut untung tak diagih untung tulen upah asas upah benar upah cukup hidup upah ikut kerja upah kadar masa upah keseimbangan upab minimum upah nominal upah penimbangtaraan upah pertanian upah sama
artificial radioactive element random element rent element in wage trace element representative element profit abnormal profit real profit excess profit net profit tax assessable profit expected profit capitalized profit pure economic profit gross profit 786
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— — — — — — — — — — — — — —
upah slit
—
upah tabunan
—
net operating profit maximum financial profit minimum profit normal profit marginal profit undistributed profit pure profit basic wage real wage subsistence wage piece rate (wage) time-rate wage equilibrium wage minimum wage nominal wage arbitration wage agricultural wage equal pay marginal wage annual wage
utiliti prospektif
upah tanpa berkésatuan upah tanpa berkesatuan
—
non-union wage
upah tenjamin
—
guranteed wage
upah tersirat
—
implicit wage
upah wang urai uranium urea urusan bank urusan bank cawangan urusan bank pelaburan urusan bank rantaian urusan bank satelit urus janji urus niaga urus niaga banter urus niaga dalaman urus niaga modal urus niaga opsyen urus niaga perniagaan urus niaga tanah
— — — — —
— — — — — — — — — — —
usaha usaha berterusan usaha bukan perdagangan usaha kerja usaha minimum kritis usaha niaga
money wage decompose uranium urea banking
usaha sama usahawan usang usul utilitarian utilitarianisme utiliti utiliti akhir utiliti awam/kemudahan awam utiliti dijangka utiliti kardinal utiliti ordinal utiliti pengurusan utiliti prospektif
branch banking investment banking chain banking satellite banking deal dealing transaction barter transaction internal transaction capital transaction option dealing business transaction land transaction 787
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effort going concern non-trading concern work effort critical minimum effort business venture joint venture entrepreneur obsolete proposition utilitarian utilitarianism utility final utility public utility expected utility cardinal utility ordinal utility managerial utility prospective utility
utiliti sosial utiliti sosial utiliti sut utiliti sut berkurangan
— — —
social utility marginal utility diminishing marginal utility
utiliti sut berwajaran utiliti sut sama utopia
788
— — —
weighted marginal utility equimarginal utility utopian
varians
veto butiran
V vanians varians asimptot varians gerak balas
—
— —
variance asymptotic variance variance of response
varians kuantiti
—
quantity variance
varians malar
—
constant variance
vanians sampel vanians tak diketahui vanians terkumpul variasi; perubahan vaniasi benimbangan variasi bermusim berdaraban variasi bermusim berdaya tambah variasi bermusim bergerak variasi bersistem vaniasi boleh tenLu vaniasi harga
— — — — — —
—
— — — -
variasi keluaran
-
product variation
variasi kitaran
-
cyclical variation
variasi peluang
—
chance variation
variasi rambang variasi tak nalar vaniasi tak terjelas variasi tarif
sample variance unknown variance pooled variance variation compensating variation multiplicative seasonal variation
vaniasi terjelas vektor vektor bans vektor vektor vektor vektor
additive seasonal variation
cirian eigen nol rambang merosot
vektor ruangan vektor sifar vektor unit versi Christaller
moving seasonal variation systematic variation assignable variation variation of price/price variation
vertebrat veto butiran 789
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random variation irregular variation
—
unexplained variation
—
—
variation of tariff explained variation vector
—
row vector
-
— — — —
characteristic vector eigen vector null vector degenerate random vector
—
column vector zero vector unit vector Christaller version
—
vertebrate
— — —
item veto
wajaran bergerak
wang semasa
w wajaran bergerak wajaran harga wakil ladang waktu bekerja/jam kerja waktu pemberhentian rambang waktu perjalarian pertama waktu piawai wang wang aktif wang bank wang barangan/wang komoditi wang belanja rumah wang berkuasa tinggi wang cacat wang dalam wang fiat wang fidusiani wang gelap
wang hampir — — -
wang hangat wang kertas wang kertas palsu wang kertas perbendaharaan
moving weight price weights field representative working hours random stopping time
wang kertas tak boleh tukar wang ketat wang luar wang mahal wang mandul wang masuk; penerimaan wang murah wang opsyen
first passage time standard time money active money bank money commodity money — — — — — — —
house-keeping money high-powered money bad money inside money fiat money fiduciary money black money
wang palsu wang panggilan wang piawai wang sah wang sedia wang semasa 790
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near money hot money paper money forged note treasury note
—
inconvertible note
— — — —
— —
— — — — —
— — — — — —
tight money outside money dear money barren money receipts cheap money option money counterfeit money call money/money at call standard money legal tender ready money current money
wang stabil
wang stabil wang tak aktif
wilayah tumpuan
— —
stable money inactive money
wilayah homogen hiologi wilayah kurang maju/ wilayah kurang membangun wilayah mengandungi gas
wang tanda
—
wang terbiar
—
token money idle money
wang tunai; tunai
—
cash
wang tunai dalam transit
—
cash in transit
wang tunai di bank
—
cash at bank
wang tunai di tangan wang utama wap pembakaran arang batu warisan warisan; pewarisan
—
cash in hand hard money
—
coal-burning steam
—
-
inheritance
-
bequest
warta kerajaan
—
government gazette
warta
—
gazette
wilayah wilayah/kawasan wilayah bandar sesak wilayah berfungsi wilayah geografi
— — — — —
wilayah mukim wilayah mundur wilayah musnah wilayah pemprograman wilayah peraliran meningkat wilayah peralihan wilayah perancangan wilayah perindustrian mundur wilayah pertengahan wilayah pinggir wilayah rasmi wilayah semula jadi wilayah tumpuan
territory region congested urban region functional region geographical region 791
-
-
— -
-
— -
— — —
biological homogenous region underdeveloped region
gas-bearing region parish territory depressed region/lagging region devastated region programming region upward transitional region transitional region planning region depressed industrial region intermediate region peripheral region formal region natural region modal region
zaman geologi
zon penduduk berlebiban
z zaman geologi zaman keemasan zaman teknologi zarah zarah Aitken zarahan zat makanan mineral zatserap zink silikat zon zon akan disusun semula zon bandar zon bekalan zon boleh bina zon campuran zon ekonomi pergunungan zon hijau
—
geological age
-
golden age
zon imigrasi zon kediaman zon kediaman campuran zon kediaman kolektif
—
immigration zone dwelling zone/residential zone mixed dwelling zone
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collective dwelling zone
— —
—
technological epoch particle
zon kritis
—
—
Aitken particle
zon lalu lintas terkawal
—
critical zone regulated traffic zone
particulate mineral nutrient
zon larang bina
—
zone non-aedificandi
zon larangan
—
—
— —
— — — — — —
— — —
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absorbent zinc silicate zone zone to be re-divided urban zone supplies zone/provision zone constructible zone mixed zone zone of mountain economy green zone
zon lipur zon luar bandar zon malapetaka zon mudah banjir zon pampasan zon pekerja ulang-alik zon pelancongan zon pernbangunan zon pemusatan zon penduduk berlebihan 792
forbidden zone/protected zone
—
leisure zone rural zone
—
disaster zone
-
easily flooded zone
—
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compensation zone commuter zone touristic zone development zone zone of concentration overpopulated zone
zon pengendalian
zon pengendalian zon pengehadan tinggi zon pentadbiran zon perdagangan zon zon zon zon zon zon
perdagangan bebas perindustrian perniagaan pertaflian pertumbuhan pindahan
zon universiti
— — — —
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operational zone zone of height limitation administrative zone commercial zone/trade zone free trade zone industrial zone business zone agricultural zone growth zone transfer zone
zon zon zon zon zon zon zon zon zon zon
793
pinggir bandar puas sama pugar penghutanan selesa sempadan tak berasap tak bersih tentera terbiar universiti
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suburban zone zone of indifference reafforestation zone comfort zone frontier zone smokeless zone insanitary zone military zone deprived zone university zone