ISOLATED SOULS: EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF HAVING OFW PARENTS TO THE CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND

1

Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region XII
City Schools Division of Koronadal
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL-SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Koronadal

ISOLATED SOULS: EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF HAVING OFW PARENTS TO THE CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND

A Research Presented
to the Faculty of Senior High School
Koronadal National Comprehensive High School

In Partial Fulfilment of the
Requirements for the Practical Research 1
(Quantitative Research)

By

Eazel June Ira G. Alegria
Krishna L. Rivera
John Marwin F. Bulan
Angelle Mae G. Paclarin

March 2018

Chapter I
INTRODUCTION

This chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, significance of the study and definition of terms.
Background of the Study
A family is living happily and peacefully together in one home where the parents are giving all the love, care, attention and all the needs of their children. Necessities like food, clothing, a house to live in, and education in able to have their children a better future and a quality life are some of the needs that must be fulfilled. But this is not true to all family. The Main reason for that is because of poverty. Poverty is a big hindrance to have a quality life and because of that parents choose to be separated to their children and work abroad to provide their needs. The only way that they can escape crushing poverty, unemployment and provide the needs of their family is to be an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW)
Overseas Filipino Workers are occurring in conformity here in the Philippines. These individuals work overseas because of the perks of having higher salary and several opportunities given in other countries than staying in the Philippines. These people work strenuously and they endure the pain in order to sustain the needs of their families which are the food, clothing, rent, medical fund, education, recreation fund and extra money for emergency purposes. According to Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA) the number of overseas Filipino workers (OFW's) during the period April to September 2016 was estimated at 2.2 million and because of that millions of spouse, husband, sisters, mothers, fathers, and especially children were left behind in their homes.
With this large number of Filipino migrants, more serious issues are arising regarding children left behind. Issues about school performance, class attendance, health condition, interaction with others, behaviors, familial relationship especially with their parents and their vision in life after his/her parents left for abroad.

According to Reyes (2008), with this huge number of Filipino migrants leaving the country temporarily, more pressing concern is regarding children being left behind remained unnoticed. In terms of investments in education, the earned money by migrant parents increase the levels of educational attainments among their children, opening more opportunities for their future.
Moreover, having Overseas Filipino Worker parents can have a huge impact on the children's life. It can either be a positive effect or it will lead to emotional imbalance that will affect their future. In some cases, they can lead to peer pressure, smoking, drug use, pre-marital sex, cutting classes, pregnancy, etc. Therefore, it is really important for the children to acquire deeper knowledge about it's effects so that they can obtain a good coping mechanism and avoid ruining their lives.
In the Philippines, the number of Filipino families dealing with poverty is increasing and the idea of being an Overseas Filipino Worker is widespread. Yet only few studies were found involving Overseas Filipino Worker Parents that explore the effects of migration to the children left behind, and what can be done to improve their coping mechanisms beneficial to their well-being and sustainability. Thus, this explanatory study is designed as an extension to the existing knowledge found in Overseas Filipino Workers studies and to fill the gap about the effects and coping mechanisms to the children with OFW Parents.
Statement of the Problem
This study aimed to thoroughly investigate about the condition of Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) parents to their children and the changes when their parents work abroad. It will tackle about the emotional and social aspects, and their perspectives on their lives. Furthermore, this study intended to determine how these children cope with the changes on their lives or their coping mechanism and this study also identified the advantages and disadvantages of those ways to cope up with.
Specifically this study seeks to address the following research questions:
What are the positive effects of having an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) parents?
What are the negative effects of having an Overseas Filipino Worker (OFW) parents?
What are the ways or the coping mechanism of the children left behind?

Significance of the Study
This study aimed to discuss the different effects of having Overseas Filipino Worker parents to the children themselves. The study will help other students, teenagers or children to have an insight on the specific topic regarding academic performance and relationship with their family, friends and acquaintances. In addition, this study will also discuss the point of view of the said children. The results and findings of the study will have great benefit to the following:
To the Students. The results and findings of this study will provide the students more knowledge and understanding about the effects of having overseas Filipino worker parents. They will also know the problems that it may cause if the person has a bad coping mechanism when being separated with their parents and how can it be avoided. It will give the student a different point of views or realization towards the topic.
To the Parents. It will serve as a basis on how the parents should treat the children so that the children would cope with the changes in their life in a positive way rather than ruining their lives. Through the given data the parents will be able to comprehend the reason why their children act on a certain way because of their decision to work abroad. In addition, they will know how to manage and discipline their children.
To the Teachers. It will provide deeper knowledge on what strategies to use to educate their students about the advantages and disadvantages of having Overseas Filipino Worker parents. It will also give the teachers another perspective on why the children would act a certain way, therefore it can help them have additional techniques on how to improve the academic performances of their students who needs a positive coping mechanism.
To the Future Researchers. The ideas presented in this research may be used as reference data conducting new researches or in testing the validity of other related findings. This study will also serve as their source of the background and overview regarding Overseas Filipino Workers.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This study is focused only in discussing the effects of having an OFW parents and this study will also seek the phenomena on how the children cope up with the changes. This study is conducted only in vicinity of Koronadal City where 10 respondents are students of Koronadal National Comprehensive High School- Senior High School grade 11 and grade 12 and the other 10 are within the Koronadal area. All respondents should have a parent or parents working abroad. The study will start at the month of January up to February 2018.
Operational Definition of Terms
To further understand and comprehend the intention of the study, the researchers defined the following concepts conceptually and operationally;
Abroad. It means to go beyond the boundaries of one's country or in a foreign country.
Coping Mechanism. An adaptation to environmental stress that is based on conscious or unconscious choice and that enhances control over behavior or gives psychological comfort.
Hindrance. The state of being interfered with, held back, or slowed down.
Migrant. A person that travels to a different country or place, often in order to find work.
Overseas. Beyond or across the sea
Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW). Refer to persons of Filipino origin who live/work outside Philippines. This term applies to Filipino workers who are abroad indefinitely as citizens or as permanent residents of a different country and to those Filipino citizens abroad for a limited, definite period, such as on a work contract.
Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Serves as the central statistical authority on primary data collection in the Philippines by conducting censuses on different sectors of the Philippine economy such as population, housing, agriculture, fisheries and business.
Poverty. The state of one who lacks a usual or socially acceptable amount of money or material possessions.

Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the review of related literature and studies wherein the researchers have persuaded to shed the light on the topic under the study about the effects of having Overseas Filipino Worker parents to their children.
Local Literature
According to Philippine Statistic Authority (PSA), there are about 2.2 million Filipino who work abroad. With this huge number of overseas Filipino worker, lot of children were also left behind here in the country. The reason behind this migration event is because they want to sustain or give the needs of people whom they love. This needs include shelter, food, clothing and education. Minda (2017), said that most Filipino migrant parent think that the closeness of their relationship cannot measure by physical relation but it is how parents do their role to make their children' lives good. Marave and Asis (2013) stated also that Filipino parents see education as one of most important things in earth and they are the one who should find a way to make her/his child attend to school. To perform this role, parents choose to work abroad.
The Philippines, one of the largest migrant sending countries around the world where approximately 10% of the country's population is abroad, has always been in the leading edge in the promotion and protection of human rights, and more importantly children's rights. Enclosed in its constitution in the Article 13 on Social Justice and Human Rights, the Philippines has bring into existence some institutional machineries and in authorization to realize the state's policy of valuing the worthiness of every human person and guaranteeing the complete respect for human rights. Furthermore, the country is a signatory to all the seven core international instruments on human rights and had moved over to several laws and policies to accomplish such commitment.
The migrations of the parents have a lot of effects to those children left behind. It affects the child emotional aspect, social aspect and the perception in life of the child. These children are vulnerable to lots of problem and also becoming self-doubting because of the lack of attention from parents (Minda 2017). Additionally, Minda (2017), explained that children who left behind are more likely being materialistic than having good values and also being rebellious to both parents.
Foreign Literature
As eloquently stated by Reyes (2008), in Asia, the Philippines is the major supplier of labor migrants to over 100 countries and the leading female migrant sending countries along with Indonesia. More than 8 million (10%) out of the 85 million Filipinos were working or living abroad. While over 72% of total migrants from Philippines were women workers. Many of these women work as domestic helpers, nurses, caregivers, and entertainers. With this huge number of Filipino migrants (and still more) living the country temporarily (or permanently), a more pressing concern is with regards to children left behind. Though there is no systematic data on the number of children left behind, it is estimated to be 9 million or 27% of the total youth.
According to the Holmes-Rahe Life Stress Inventory (sometimes known as The Social Readjustment Rating Scale used mostly in the US), marital separation from mate is ranked as the 3rd most stressful life events for a person, preceded by death of spouse (1st) and divorce (2nd). People get married so they can be together (physically, emotionally, psychologically and spiritually) for the rest of their lives on earth. Lisbe (2017), revealed that the complex factors of migration, husbands and wives get separated for long periods of time and this separation has caused tremendous stress to both of them. As the Human Development Report (2009) put it, separation [between husbands and wives] is typically a painful decision incurring high emotional costs for both the mover and those left behind. The emotional and psychological issues are exacerbated by a number of factors including marital infidelity issues, and gender role issues, among others. In his personal encounters with the OFW families, Clinical and Industrial Psychologist, Francis Santamaria (2011), said that marital infidelity is a very common situation among many spouses of overseas workers.
It is noted above that the OFW phenomenon has significantly affected the relationships of both the migrant spouse and the one left behind as well as the migrant's relationship with his/her children. Each member of the family experiences different emotional and psychological challenges as they continue to live life having one significant family member physically, and for the most part, emotionally absent (Lisbe, 2017). These factors have effects on the overall family dynamics as stated earlier. But another aspect of migration also affects the overall family dynamics – that is the area of finances.
In a joint research project entitled Hearts Apart: Migration in the Eyes of Filipino Children undertaken in 2003 by the Episcopal Commission for the Pastoral Care of Migrant and Itinerant People/Apostleship of the Sea-Manila (ECMI-AOS), Scalabrini Migration Center (SMC) and the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (OWWA), it was reported that, the migration of one or both parents has definitely rearranged the division of labor in the family during the time when fathers, mothers or both parents are abroad.
As indicated by Llorente (2010), it is true that the money Filipino overseas workers earn trickles into towns and villages, helping build houses, open restaurants and send children to school. But the absence of so many industrious and skilled people also exact a heavy toll. The worth of it all to individual families is, however only one part of a cost-benefit analysis of Philippine Labor migration.
Local Studies
Children have various levels of tolerance or acceptance of the situation depending on their cognitive development. Related studies on children left behind by their OFW parents have several factors that may negatively or positively affect the personal development of the children.
One factor is the academic performance and school behavior of the children. Dissimilar from the perceived odds and ends, children of migrants performed better in terms of academic performance than that of the non-migrant children. Battistella and Conaco (1996), indicated in their study that this finding is rather true, and the study seems to imply the significance of the mother's presence to the children with their school behavior. At the same time, Cruz (1987) mentioned that the children of migrants and non-migrants did not show significant difference towards their performance in school, there is even a majority of good ratings in terms of conduct and discipline received from the teachers where 78% are children of migrants while 81% children of non-migrants. The children of migrants interact more with classmates and actively participate in class and the activities and extra-curricular activities as stated in his study (Cruz, 1987).
Asis (2000) also did not discover any evidence based on observation to test the truth that children of migrant workers are more likely to engage in juvenile delinquency than children of non-migrants.
Another factor is that of socialization of children and learning to be independent. Social behavior of children can also be affected by migration of their parents. Battistella and Conaco (1996) eloquently stated that children with abroad mothers reveal less than adequate social adjustment and suffered slow progress of psychological development. But in the study of Scalabrini (2003), it revealed that children have generally adjusted socially for the most part because of the effective social support from family members and relatives. Despite whether the parents are present or not, children can also partake in responsibility with the household chores. Even though the report states that migrant children go through difficulties and longing for their absent parents, they also recognized that they were able to be more independent in the process.

Foreign Studies
Graham and Jordan (2011), conducted a study about migrant parents and the psychological well-being of the children left behind. The research results indicated that children who left behind suffer from psychological distress because of separation of parents from them. It also shows that children who are separated from his or her mother are prone to negative impacts that include physical health.
The role of both parents is very important to child welfare. Other studies also show that the role of parents is important to their children. Zarra- Nezhad et al. (2015), explained that the effect of mothers' high affection is having less negative emotions of children. A supportive mother and father and shows more affection will make their children have a good psychological functioning (Stafford et al., 2015).
Additionally, according to Parrenas (2001), mothering away from a distance has effect in emotional aspect of the child.

Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research design, research locale, research respondents, research instrument, and research procedure in our research entitled Isolated Souls: Exploring the effects of having Overseas Filipino Worker parents to the children left behind.
Research Design
To reach the purpose of this study, the researchers incorporated descriptive qualitative design and will prepare a series of questions for interview to collect the necessary data for the study. It attempted to know the effects of having overseas Filipino Worker parents and determine their coping mechanisms to the situation. Therefore, the various questions that the researchers made for interview would be appropriate to the study.
The study of the effects of having Overseas Filipino Worker Parents and their coping mechanisms will be done using qualitative method. This is possible by using a series of questions prepared by the researchers for interview to gather the necessary data for the qualitative aspect of the study.
Research Locale

Figure 1. Location Map of the Study. KNCHS 2018.
The locale of the study would be at Koronadal National Comprehensive High School – Senior High School. It is a public school that is composed of more than 8,000 senior high school students with 4 major strands offered such as STEM, ABM, HUMSS, and TVL. Koronadal National Comprehensive High School was established in 1947, occupying at first a dense cogonal area of 79,000 square meters. Its first name was Koronadal Junior High School and later through Republic Act 5550, a bill sponsored by James Chiongbian, converted Koronadal Junior High School to Koronadal National Comprehensive High School on July 1, 1970. The school's conversion to a national comprehensive high school paved a way for more improvements.

Research Respondents
The respondents of this study are the Grade 11 Senior High School students that has OFW parents from the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), ABM (Accountancy, Business and Management), HUMSS (Humanities and Social Sciences), and TVL (Technical-Vocational-Livelihood) Strands, who are officially enrolled in the school year 2017-2018 and former students who had already dropped out from school with parents working abroad. In total of 20 respondents. We have 20 respondents because Crouch and McKenzie (2006) proposed that less than 20 participants in a qualitative study helps a researcher build and maintain a close relationship and thus improved the open and frank exchange of information.

Research Instrument
The Information for this study were gathered through the series of questions that the researchers prepared for interview involving their coping mechanism, academic performance, health condition, and their relationships with other people

Research Procedure
First, a letter of permission will be submitted to the office of the principal regarding the current study. Second, the researchers will obtain permission from the respondents that they will be going to interview. Then, the researcher will prepare a series of questions appropriate to the study for the interview. The Grade 11 students were informed about the study beforehand so that we can schedule the time and date to perform the interview on their free time. Then, the researchers will explain the purpose of the research in a more detailed manner along with a letter upholding the granted permission from our practical research teacher to allow the students to be a part of the study. The respondents who are currently not attending school will also be contacted to inform them about the schedule of our interview. The participants will remain anonymous for the study. During the interview, the series of questions will be asked to obtain the information needed for the study and the answers stated by the respondent will be noted by the researcher. Lastly, the researcher collects all of the notes from the interviews and will tally and collate all the results.

Seeking Permission to Conduct the StudySeeking Permission to Conduct the Study
Seeking Permission to Conduct the Study
Seeking Permission to Conduct the Study
Conducting an InterviewConducting an Interview
Conducting an Interview
Conducting an Interview
Peer-debriefing and Validating of DataPeer-debriefing and Validating of DataAnalyzing the StudyAnalyzing the Study
Peer-debriefing and Validating of Data

Peer-debriefing and Validating of Data

Analyzing the Study
Analyzing the Study
Formulating Summary and InsightsFormulating Summary and Insights
Formulating Summary and Insights

Formulating Summary and Insights

Figure 2. Flow Chart of the Research Procedures

Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents analyzes and interprets the data gathered from the 20 respondents, 10 are students from KNCHS-SHS, and 10 are out of school youth coming from the vicinity of Koronadal City.
Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 1:

"Uhm… Ara, may ara actually kay si papa siya lang angi sa uh broken family man kami so uhm siya lang isa na kumbaga ay ara sang income saamon, so tung nag abroad siya kumbaga daw na sustain na amon nga needs, uhm, nahatag nya ang mga financial needs bala namon haw kagina pa send nya kami sa school. "

She said that her father is the only one who has income because they are broken family, and when he went abroad he is the only one who can sustain their needs and send them to school.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Respondent 3:

"Uhmm… naka, siya nagpa eskwela sa akon kay wala naman si papa ko gasuporta sa akon so bale siya tanan gahatag sang allowance sa amon, gahatag financial needs, tanan tanan."

She said that her mother is the one who sends them to school, gives them allowance and sustain their needs since her father doesn't support the anymore.

Sustain Needs/
Education

Respondent 5:

"Arang… uhm naka ano na kami mayad maka… eskwela kami tarong tapos daw tanan nga kinanglan namon hatag nya lalo na sa financial …waay nya pa gid kami ginapabay an, ginauna nya gid kami permi pero sarili nya ginapabay an nya lang."

She said that her mother who went abroad was able to send them to school & sustain their needs. Her mother also doesn't leave them alone in terms of their need and make sure that they always comes first more than anything even if she tends to sacrifice her own needs.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Respondent 15:

"Ara gid eh… ng bal an niyo hiwalay na bi parents nakon so si mama ko lang ang nagahatag needs so tung nagabroad na siya nahatag niya na ang needs ko kag napaeskwela niya ko kaso lang nag untat lang ko."

He said that his mother can sustain their needs and also his mother can send him to school.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Respondent 6:

"Uhm… She can gave me what I need and what I want. She can also send me to school."

She said that her mother can give her what she needs and wants and also support her studies.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Respondent 10:

"Uhmm… positive effect is ma ano niya ma provide niya ang mga needs namon everyday tapos ng kunwari sang mga emergency nga barayan pwede siya ka ano dason ka produce sang kwarta tapos ipadala niya sa amon then amo sato mapa eskwela niya ko then amo sato mapaeskwela niya ko, ganon, napa graduate niya na gani si ate."

She said that the positive effect is that her mother was able to provide their everyday needs and if they need immediate money, her mother can provide. Her mother can send them also to school.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Respondent 19:

"Napaeskwela ko dati kag nahatag niya ang mga needs ko."

He said that his parent was able to sustain his needs and send him to school when he was still attending school.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Respondent 4:

"Te tung nag abroad abi siya, so may ara ng mga needs ko mahatag niya na mapaeskwela niya ko, amo sina."

He said that when his mother went abroad, she was able to give them their needs and was able to send him to school.

Sustain Needs/
Education
Table 1.0 Respondents' answers to question number 1

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 16:

"Ang positive effect niya is mahatag niya ang needs namon kag ang wants namon."

He said that the positive effect is that their needs and wants can be sustained.

Sustain Needs
Respondent 12:
"Bilang anak ng isang OFW Parent nakakaranas kami ng maayos na pamumuhay… nakakakain ng tatlong beses sa isang araw, may pang tustos sa arawaraw na gastusin."

She said that as a child of an OFW Parent, she experienced a good livelihood, they can eat 3x a day and can afford their daily needs.

Sustain Needs

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme

Respondent 9:

"Nang ano nang amon na balay nakay o na, nag name na siya ,nakumpleto na kami sa needs kag wala na kami gina kulang sa kwarta."

She said that when her mother went abroad, their house was fixed and now looks better. Then needs are now complete and they don't experience shortage in money.

Sustain Needs/
Good Financial Support

Respondent 7:

"Ang na kwan namon kuha ang financial needs na mas nag gaan yung aming kwan gastos. Mas makabakal kami sang materials na needed,sa pang araw araw na pangangailangan sa buhay and that's all."

He said that when his mother went abroad their bills and financial needs were sustain. They were also able to buy their daily needs in life.

Sustain Needs/
Respondent 14:

"Uhm… mahatag sang nanay ko ang financial needs namon, sa mga utod ko mahatag niyaid ang kinanglan namon … Basta mahatag niya kung ano dapat ihatag niya."

He said that because of his mother their financial needs ae sustained. Her mother can give them what they need.

Sustain Needs/


Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme

Respondents 8:

"Ang positive effect niya is ano ang nag mayo ang kabuhi namon naka naka pundar kami sang mga financial needs uhm sang uhm maka provide si mama sang mga financial needs namon tapo sano to daw mag an na ang pangabuhi namon subong."

She said that their life became better and their financial needs were sustained because of her mother.


Respondent 13:

"Well, positive effects, ano… hindi, hindi man abi kami laki sa yaman abi na family so yung mama ko nag try sya abroad so ang positive effect nya is kung ano ang may ara kami karon, daw kaangat na kami na karon sa life… mahambal ko man na hindi kami angat pero atleast na kabangon kami sa daw pobre man gyapon di nag gid pareho dati na mahirap na mahirap so amuna na siya ang positive effect na murag na kami makakain ng 3x a day."

He said that the positive effects is that their lifestyle became better, even it is not that much, at least they rose up from poverty. Now, they are not that poor anymore and they can eat 3x a day.


Respondent 11:

"Positive effect is mahatag nya tanan na needs namon lalo na sa financial."

She said that the positive effect is that her parent can give their needs, especially their financial needs.


Respondent 2:

"Uhm… I think uhm good livelihood something like that uhm… good financial and as of now our house is in good condition and it is well rebuilt because of him."

She said that they attained good livelihood and good financial support, and because of his father going abroad their house is now in a good condition and well rebuilt.


Respondent 17:

"Ang positive effect sang OFW nga parent, mas dali masolusyonan ang financial problem… natural kay mas taas gid man ang maging income sang worker sa ibang bansa kaysa diri sa pilipinas."

He said that the positive effect of having an OFW parent is that their financial problems can now be easily solved since the income is higher abroad.


Respondent 18:

"Ang positive effect is nahatagan niya na gid ko kwarta kag masuporthana niya na ko sa akon especially sa kwarta"

He said that the positive effect is that his parent can now support him financially.


Respondent 20:

"The positive effect of having an OFW parents is that they can provide easily all your needs, financially."

She said that the positive effect is that her parent can now support her in terms of money.


The table 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, and 1.3 showed the positive effects of having OFW parents to their children. Findings indicate that 8 out of 20 respondents answered that the positive effects are both sustain needs and education, this answer has the highest number of answers. The second highest number of answers is good financial support as a positive effect with a number of 7 out of 20. In addition, 3 out of 20 respondents answered both sustain needs and good financial support as the positive effects. Lastly, to complete the 20 respondents, 2 out of 20 said that their only positive effects is sustain needs.
Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme

Respondent 5:

''Syempre ano eh sad kay walana pirmi gabuyayaw sa amon taga aga, wa may gapukaw, wala may gaano, way may ga guide.''

She feels sad because there is no one who will nag at them in the morning, no one to wake them up and no one to guide them.

Lack of Guidance/ Lack of Presence of Parent
Respondent 17:

Tapos ang negative effect man, oo mas dali ang kwarta pero syempre madula ang pangangailangan mo sa mga ginikanan, dali gid man lang ang kwarta sang OFW pero kapalit sini kalian man gyapon kay wala sa tupad mo ang pamilya mo… makaapekto ni siya sa pag eskwela ko kay way ga guide saakon, amo na nga makapagusto ko sa himuon ko, makasulod man o hindi, makapagusto gyapon ko.

He said that the negative effect is that even though his financial needs can be sustained, he is still away from his parent. Due to the lack of guidance from his parent, he didn't attend school.

Respondent 19

Uhm ng wala bala may ga guide saimo so ng wala bala may mag upod sa imo haw ng daw gusto mo sang attention pero wala may mag hatag halin sa parents mo

He said that he lacks guidance from his parents and also lacks the presence or attention from them.


Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 2:

''Uhmm...Yes… uhm negative effect I think is uhm I miss my father we don't have any bond. Uhm I mean we actually haven't talked too much and bond too much, because I'm only child and yes, I want attention… I feel sad but sometimes I keep telling myself that it's okay it's for myself It is for my own good.''

She said that her negative experience is that she misses her father and that they don't bond enough bond enough and talked too much because she is an only child and she wants attention from her father. She also feels sad but she keeps telling herself that it's okay because it is for her own good.

Lack of Presence of Parent
Respondent 15

First gid is lack of attention gid tapos ng gapangita gid ko sang presence niya. Kulang pa gid siya sang time sa amon haw.

He said that the negative effect is lack of attention, lack of presence, and lack of time.

Respondent 12

''Yung mga pagkakataong na wala sayo ang mga magulang mo yung kahit kailangan mo sila sa tabi mo, wala sila dahil kailangan nilang mag trabaho para sa mahal nila sa buhay.''

She said that there are times when they aren't there for her especially when she needs them because of the fact that they need to work for their loved ones.


Respondent 3

''Syempre ang negative effect, syempre di ko sya upod sa pila ko birthdays kona special occasions wala sya. Ng mga time nga kailangan ko siya, wala siya ''

She said that the negative effect is that she isn't with her for a number of birthdays and special occasions.

Respondent 10:

"Syempre, ang negative effect diba kung OFW ka ng malayo kana sa family mo, so syempre… ano ang kailangan mo sa isa ka nanay hindi niya ma ano, ma hatag, so amuto, malayo siya sa imo nga family tapos, tapos, kung kailangan ko siya as a mother daw si papa ang gastand as a mother saakon."

She said that the negative effect is that she lacks the presence of her parent when she needs one because of the distance.


Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 4:

"So sa for example tung high school ko, elementary, syempre, pag may mag family day or anything nakinanglan sang parents meeting walasya… tung umpisa tung nagka isip ko , daw ma intindihanko man kung ngaa siya nag abroad kay kung hindi siya mag abroad so wala… daw di ko nag gid abi maalala abi ah… Ng syempre kalian sa pamatyagan kay Makita mo ang iban mo nga classmate or friends mo nga kumpleto sila tapos ikaw kulang kulang.''

He said that the negative effect is when he is in high school or elementary, when there is a family day his mother isn't there.
When he became mature, he started to understand why his mother went abroad because if his mother will not work abroad their needs cannot be sustained. He also felt hurt. When he sees his classmates or his friends with their complete family while his family is incomplete.

Lack of Presence of Parent/ Emotional Problem

Respondent 6

''Growing without parents beside you specially the mother's care which is very important… I feel lonely and abandoned. I don't have any to tell my problems, especially my heartaches.''

She said that growing without parents beside you especially the mother's care is difficult. She feels lonely and abandoned and she doesn't have anyone to vent her problems.

Respondent 9

''Ng ano ng parehas sito pag graduate sang grade 6 ng ano ng wala may makuha sang sa imo sa stage, dayon magkuha sang cards mo, tapos ng mag family day wala may mag attend sa imo sang parents, daw mainggit ka bala haw, sila kumpleto ikaw wala kay parents mo ara sa gwas, feeling ko against nako sa iban kasadya sang iban, kasadya nga kumpleto sila.''

She said that the negative effect is when it comes to graduations, she has no parent to get her diploma on stage, and her cards. Also, on family days, there are no parents to accompany her. She feels jealous of other children because they are complete while she doesn't have anyone to attend, that's why she feels bitter toward other families.

Respondent 18

"Nang una uhm ng ano bala ng ang negative effect is ng feeling mo ng ging bilin ka bala haw kag gapangita ka sang presence sang nanay mo"

He said that the negative effect is he feels left behind and he lacks the presence of his parent.


Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 7:

''So first is emotionally ng may daw ara part sa akon ng daw kulang siya sang sa akon nga hindi kami complete nga family… coz' wala ang isa sang part sang member namon sang pamilya. That's it.''

He said that emotionally he feels that a part is missing in his heart because they aren't a complete family and there is a member in their family that is missing.

Emotional
Problem

Respondent 1:

''Sure may ara kay diba sa feeling nga siya na lang isa ang nabilin sa imo nga parent tapos yung ba naghalin pa gid bala sya haw… eh ano ang negative effect sato kumbaga daw makulangan kis a kay guidance sang parents na ara bala didto. So amo to sya … Actually dati tung mga younger years pa ko tung wala ko pa naintindihan ng na ano ko gid na tani wala nalang siya nag abroad… feel ko daw ano, daw gin bilin bala haw, daw feel ko nga gi abandon. Ng tanan na lang bala aw feel ko tanan ibilin ko. Daw over over nab ala ang pag emote ko sa tanan.''

She said that she experiences the feeling of being alone and being left behind by the parent especially when her father left. The negative effect of this is she lacks guidance from parents. Also, that on her younger years, when she didn't understand yet, she wished that her father should not have went abroad, because she felt like she over reacts to everything.

Emotional Problem
Table 2.3 Respondents' answers to question number

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 14:

"Negative effect niya gid is nagkaroon ko sang bisyo tapos ng mafeel ko nga anytime kag miskan sin o pwede nila ko ibilin. Ng sa gamay nga bagay lalo na pag about sa family issue gareact gid ko."

He said that the negative effect on his life is that he had vices and he feels that anytime anyone can leave him. He always over react to such little things especially in family issues.

Emotional Problem/Have Vices
Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 11:

''Negative is may times gid nga maglayo loob namon sa iya kag wala siya if ever na kailangan namon sang nanay.''

She said that the negative effect is that there are times that they feel the gap between her and her mother, and she isn't there when they needs her.

Relationship Gap

Respondent 16:

"Ang negative effect niya is hindi namon siya makita sang laba nga panahon asta sa chat nlng kag video call kami naga kit anay. May gap na kag kag hindi ka gid close saiya kung mag abot siya. Naga longing gd ko saiya nga tani mag abot tung panahon nga maskin hindi na siya mag abroad basa ara lng kamo sa iisang bubong. Mamiss ko gd sya, amu na ang top negative effect para saakon."

He said that the negative effect is that they don't see each other for long periods of time and they only communicate through chat and video call. He also said that there is a relationship gap between them.

Relationship Gap

Respondent 20:

"Negative effect although naprovide mo needs ng anak mo medyo malayo loob ng anak mo sayo, tapos parang emotional ako na lumalaki kasi nga wala siya."

She said that the negative effect is that there is a relationship gap between them because she grew up without her.

Relationship Gap

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 8:

''Ang negative effect sito ih kung name ang pangabuhi namon ti naguba sa pag abroad ni mama, naguba man ang pamilya namon. Kay si papa, nagbulag sila kay sigurohindi kaya ang long distance amuna nabulaganay sila. Nami ang pangabuhi namon pero ang status sang pamilya namon is hindi kay separate abi ah ang parents namon. ''

She said that the negative effect of it is that their family is now broken even if they're not experiencing poverty. Her parents are now separated because her father couldn't take the long-distance relationship. Even though their life is in good condition, but their family status isn't.

Separation of Family
Respondent 13:

''Negative effects, siguro sa akon wala pero sa mga manghod ko kay may ara paman ko kapatid nga tatlo, amona kami tatlo kay nag abroad si mama kay wala si… wala nako papa…. Wala nako papa ba, tapos… huy gash…ning…amona ang manghod ko ara karon sa davao tapos ng, am na ang negative effects ng wala sang daw mag discipline sa mga manghod ko, iba gid bala pag gadako ang family sa sa kompleto nga pamilya…siguro amo ng negative effects, wala hindi na kami makakaon, although makakaon kami, kung ang positive makakaon kami three times a day, karon hindi na kami makakaon sa isa nga table nga kumpleto, amona.''

He said that the big impact of it is to his siblings, they are now separated from each other because his mother is now in abroad and his father is not supporting them anymore. He also said that there is no one to discipline his siblings. Although, they can eat three times a day, yet they cannot eat the same table together anymore.

Separation of Family

The table 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5 and 2.6 showed the negative effects of having OFW parents to their children. Findings revealed that the emergent theme with most number of answers is lack of presence of parent as a negative effect with a number of 5 out of 20 respondents. The data also showed that both lack of presence of parent and emotional problem ranked as the second highest with 4 out of 20 respondents. Lack of presence of a parent and lack of guidance tied up with relationship gap with 3 out of 20 respondents. Additionally, emotional problem and separation of family also tied up with 2 out of 20 respondents. Lastly, the one with the least answered is both emotional problems and having vices.
Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 1:

''uhm… I'm so blessed kasi may ara man sang iban nga naga guide sa akon kag nga kumbaga daw naga nagdako ko sa church so amuto nga gi guide nila ko.''

She said that she is still blessed because there are other people that will guide her. She also grew up in church and the people there guided her.

Guidance from Church

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 2:

''uhm… talking to him on messenger uhm video chat and calling him when he has spare time.''

She said that she copes up with this through talking with him on messenger, video chat and on call when her father has spare time.

Communication
Respondent 3:

''Na ano gina chat ko siya everyday kung may time tapos hulton ko lang siya mag reply kung san o kay busy man siya tapos pirmi ko sa iya gahambal ''I love you'' kung ano man gid tapos…uhm… ginahambal hambal ko tanan nga ano garatabo sa akon para updated man siya biskan layo siya.''

She said that her coping mechanism is that they communicate through chat every day and she tells her mother ''I love you''. She also tells her mother her daily activities to keep her updated even if they are apart.

Communication
Respondent 12:

"Lagi kami nakikipag communicate sa kaniya dahl sa teknolohiya ngyon pwede mo na siyang makita,makakausap mo na siya, dito naming napapakita na kahit malayo kami ay prang magkasama pa rin kami."

She said that they always communicate with her mother, hey can talk to each other even though hey are far away from each other.

Communication
Respondent 11:

"Well si mama abi everday gid siya nagabasa sang bible, so bale nagaya ko bala kag amo na o gina himo ko and naga communicate sa isa't isa, amo na ang nagging coping mechanism ko."

She said that her mother is reading bible everyday so I also read bible and we are always communicating to each other

Communication
Respondent 16:

"Ang coping mechanism ko, first gina sunod ko ang gusto nya kay para man na saakon. Chat kag video call lang gd para mabawasn ang pagkamiss ko saiya. Communicate lang gd kami."

He said that his coping mechanism is following his parent's orders. He also said that they communicate with each other through chat and video call.

Communication
Respondent 17:

"Maka cope up ko sa paagi nga makahatag parent ko sang gusto ko kag paagi nga biskan nga ara siya sa ibang bansa di madula ang support niya kag pag palangga niya saakon. Kag ga chat and video call man kami."

He said that he can cope up with it because his parent can give him what he wants and with the support and love of his parent. He also said that they communicate with each other.

Communication
Respondent 6:

"Since we are already in millennials we can communicate in video call, so it's easy to communicate with my mother."

She said that her coping mechanism is communicating with her mother.

Communication
Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 4:

''So ga engage ko sa mga sports, daw sa activities, sa school, sa mga friends na lang dira nanabalhin attention ko.''

He said that his coping mechanism is being engaged in sports, activities, friends and school, that's where his attention is now focused.

With Friends Studying/
Engaging in Sports
Respondent 5:

''uhm… gaeskwela gid ko tarong…mga friends ko ara ng support man… gasali man ko sa sports kis a, naga… nagahampang ko sang ano sang ping pong.''

She said that she study hard and she has friends to support her. She also joins sports events such as ping pong.

With Friends Studying/ Engaging in Sports
Respondent 7:

''So far sa studies lang gid ko gafocus para makabawi sa mga gina pang hatag niya sa amon and friends and mga hobbies nga may pagka sporty ako, pero not all the time, that's all."

He said that he focuses on his studies to get back his mother's sacrifices. His coping mechanisms also is going with his friends and playing sports.

With Friends Studying/ Engaging in Sports
Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 9:

''Hambal ko sige lang kay gina ano man ni mama gaubra siya sa gawas sang abroad para man ni sa amon… gaupod man ko sa friends ko kag gas kwela tarung.''

She said that she tells herself that her mother going abroad is for her own good. Her coping mechanism is that she hangs out with her friends and studies well.

Studying with Friends
Respondent 8:

''Tung ging himo ko lang is nag ano lang ko motivate ko gid ang sarili ko nga mag skwela, skwela gid ko nga para man ni sa future ko kung isipon ko para man sa akon kag tapos gaupod ko s friends ko nga ang isip man nila mag skwela man.

She said her coping mechanism is that she motivates herself to study hard for her future and she hangs out with her friends who are also grade conscious.

Respondent 10:

''Gina isip ko na lang, ga isip ko sang mga positive thoughts like uhm… bal an ko nga ang gina himo niya is for us, for sa family namon tapos kung kailangan ko man siya syempre ng bal an ko man nga ang moral support niya ara sa akon so amo sato uhm… kag ano kag syempre ang akon nga ginahimo is kung para ma ano ko mahatag ko ang ang maging proud man sila sa akon is, maging proud man siya sa akon is kailangan mag skwelatarong. Uhm… kailangan mo may achieve may kailangan mo maging achiever sa school… gina ano ko gina, uhm, ang akon nga focus is sa, focus is sa school tapos ng uhm… gina angakon, sa friends diba gashare man ko sa friends ko about sa mga problems ko so daw wala na siya sang, daw di na may depressed depressed amona kay ga share nako sa mga friends ko about sa mga problems ko.''

She said that she just thinks positive thoughts, she knows that what her mother is doing is for their own good anyway. And if she needs a parent she knows that her mother gives her moral support. And to make her parents proud, she strives to be an achiever in school thus, her main focus is school. She also said that she shares her problems to her friends to avoid being depressed.


Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 15:

"Ng gaupod upod lang ko sa mga barkada ko. Gina baling ko sa iba ang atensyon ko."

He said that he copes up with it by hanging out with his friends and diverts his attention.

With friends/
Diverts Attention

Respondent 13:

"So ano… gina divert ang attention ko sa kung diin happy ko, like gaupod ko sa friends ko. tung gaskwela pa ko, ang focus ko sa skwela, ng damo ka extracurriculars para hindi mo lang maisip nga wala ka upod, nga wala si mama mo, basta gina divert ko lang attention ko."

He said that he diverts his attention to other things that make him happy and when he is still studying, he focuses in school and participate in every extracurricular.

With friends/
Diverts Attention

Respondent 20:

"Coping mechanism I use to hang with my friends, it's my way to cope up with my stress or my pain. And also I divert my attention to other things."

She said that she hangs out with her friends as a coping mechanism and also diverts her attention to other things.

With friends/
Diverts Attention


Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 18:

"Ng ga basketball nalang ko pirmi kag ga upod sa barkada ko, amo lang to"

He said that he plays basketball and hangs out with his friends.

With Friends/
Engage in Sports

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 19:

"Ng syempre sa friends ko gaupod ng gina isip ko nalang ang mga happy thoughts kag kis a ginagamit ko ang miga ko as coping mechanism"

He said that he hangs out with his friends, thinks about happy thoughts and he uses his girlfriend as a coping mechanism.

With Friends/
Engaging in Relationship

Thematic Statement
Meaning
Emergent Theme
Respondent 14:

"Ang ginhimo ko is nagtry ko magi nom bala aw para malimtan ko lang ang thought nga wala siya tapos gaupod man ko sa barkada ko."

He said that he tried to drink alcoholic drinks so he can forget that her mother left him and also he goes out with his friends.

With Friends/
Having Vices

The table 3.0, 3.1, 3.2, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, and 3.7 showed the coping mechanisms of the children having OFW parents. The highest number answer of respondent is through communication with a number of 7 out of 20 respondents. On the other hand, with the least numbered response of the respondents are through guidance of church, with friends and engaging in sports, with friends and engaging in relationship and with friends and having vices with a number of 1 out of 20. In addition, there are 3 answers that tied up which are with friends, studying and engaging in sports, studying and with friends and with friends and diverts attention with a number of 3 out of 20.

Chapter V
SUMMARY AND INSIGHTS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, and insights of the current investigation.
Summary
This educational research sought to describe the positive effects, negative effects, and coping mechanisms of children, either students of KNCHS-SHS and out of school youth, having OFW parents which aimed to answer the following questions:
What are the positive effects of having Overseas Filipino workers (OFW parents)?
What are the negative effects of having Overseas Filipino workers (OFW parents)?
What are the ways or the coping mechanism of the children left behind?

To attain the objectives of the study, the researcher used the interview method to collect the data that is needed to fulfill the goal of the study. In addition, the purposive sampling is used for selecting and choosing the respondents.

Findings
The following were the results of the study:
The researchers found out that having Overseas Filipino Worker Parents have a great effect on the children left behind. There are positive effects, negative effects and coping mechanism. Most of the respondents said that both sustaining needs and education are the positive effects of having OFW parents. On the other hand, most of the respondents answered that the lack of presence of their parent is the negative effect of having OFW parents, while both emotional problems and having vices are the least answered theme. In addition, the researchers found out that the most answered coping mechanism is having communication with their parents working abroad while the least answered are having vices and engaging in relationships.

Insights
After gathering and analyzing the data, the researchers discussed and realized the effects of having Overseas Filipino Worker parents. Family has a massive role and impact in our society, it is extremely important. In fact, it can influence the well-being of a certain person, especially to the children nowadays who are dependent to their families. When the children continue to live with their parents in one roof, their attitude, way of thinking and academic performance can be developed into their fullest potential.
Our respondents have different stories and experiences towards their family standing, but they have one thing in common, that they're children left behind by their parents who work abroad. Almost every respondent in this study who participated stated that the main and utmost reason why their parents decided to work abroad is to send them to school and to sustain their needs in everyday life. Thus, this motivated the students to study hard and pursue their studies. When the student pursue their studies, they can make their parents proud and when that happens their parents will support them more and this would lead to further betterment of students' academic performance. Also, they became more independent when it comes to their responsibilities and their lives became much easier and better than before in terms of financial needs. In addition, they had a new perception of life which is they treasure and give more importance to the things around them because they know and understand the feeling of having something and the emptiness of having nothing. If that is the understanding of a certain child, it means that their parents working abroad has a massive positive impact on the well-being of the child.
But then, this phenomenon has some negative impacts to the children left behind. Others were slacking off and decided to stop their education because of the lack of guidance, care and presence of their parents. The researchers also found out that if their parents are with their children; having vices and dropping out of school can be avoided. Their relationship gap with their parents, which is also another negative effect, has resulted them to build up their walls and obtain emotional problems towards other people. For example, there are respondents who thought that they can always be left anytime since their parents already left them, how much more when it comes to other people.
Since these effects continue to exist, they developed their own coping mechanism. One of them is hanging out with their peers, that's why the people who surround them should be understanding, supportive and are good influences to them. In addition, some respondents answered that they engage in sports to cope with, that's why schools should implement more physical activities. Furthermore, most of the respondents mentioned that their coping mechanism is communicating with their parent. Their communication should be strengthened, that's why technology is very essential and important to the millennials.
Having Overseas Filipino Worker parents has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. But as researchers believe that this phenomenon greatly affects the students left behind. It all depends on the students' perspective and perseverance towards having parents working abroad.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
References
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APPENDIX A
Region XII
Koronadal National Comprehensive High School
City of Koronadal

FERNANDO L. NEQUINTO
Asst. Principal for Academics
KNCHS-SHS City of Koronadal

Dear Sir:

Greetings of Joy and Peace!

A topic we want to dig more about is the experiences of students in KNCHS and out of school youth that have OFW parents and also the coping mechanisms that they do. We think that through this study, we, as students and as part of this community, will understand teachers in a larger and much vivid view and how noble the profession is, especially to those teachers who taught unfortunate youths.
In relation with our subject (Practical Research I), we were tasked to conduct a Qualitative Research as a part of our requirements for the final quarter for the second semester. We would like to ask permission from your office that we will conduct our study, "Isolated Souls: Exploring the Effects of Having Overseas Filipino Worker Parents to the Children Left Behind", within the premises of KNCHS and allow us to interview selected senior high school having OFW parents in our city.
We are hoping for your consideration and support. God bless!

Respectfully yours,
Researchers:
Krishna L. Rivera

Noted: Approved:
Mr. Jepte Dagum Fernando L. Nequinto
Teacher - Practical Research I Asst. Principal for Academics
KNCHS-SHS
APPENDIX B
KORONADAL NATIONAL COMPREHENSIVE HIGH SCHOOL
Koronadal City

February 5, 2018

Dear respondents,

Greetings!

We are students of Koronadal National Comprehensive High School who are currently conducting a research study entitled "Isolated Souls: Exploring the effects of having Overseas Filipino Worker parents to the children left behind", as a requirement of our subject Practical Research I.

In line with this, we have chosen you to be one of our respondents of this study and we hope that you will take time answering the questions honestly. Rest assured that all the data gathered will be treated with utmost confidentiality and will be used for academic purposes only.

Thank you very much for your consideration and cooperation.

Very truly yours,

Krishna L. Rivera
Researchers

Noted By:

Jepte Dagum
Practical Research I Teacher

APPENDIX C
Summary Data/Raw Data
Question 1
Respondent 1:
"Uhm… Ara, may ara actually kay si papa siya lang angi sa uh broken family man kami so uhm siya lang isa na kumbaga ay ara sang income saamon, so tung nag abroad siya kumbaga daw na sustain na amon nga needs, uhm, nahatag nya ang mga financial needs bala namon haw kagina pa send nya kami sa school. "
Respondent 2:
"Uhm… I think uhm good livelihood something like that uhm… good financial and as of now our house is in good condition and it is well rebuilt because of him."
Respondent 3:
"Uhmm… naka, siya nagpa eskwela sa akon kay wala naman si papa ko gasuporta sa akon so bale siya tanan gahatag sang allowance sa amon, gahatag financial needs, tanan tanan."
Respondent 4:
"Te tung nag abroad abi siya, so may ara ng mga needs ko mahatag niya na mapaeskwela niya ko, amo sina."
Respondent 5:
"Arang… uhm naka ano na kami mayad maka… eskwela kami tarong tapos daw tanan nga kinanglan namon hatag nya lalo na sa financial …waay nya pa gid kami ginapabay an, ginauna nya gid kami permi pero sarili nya ginapabay an nya lang."
Respondent 6:
"Uhm… She can gave me what I need and what I want. She can also send me to school."
Respondent 7:
"Ang na kwan namon kuha ang financial needs na mas nag gaan yung aming kwan gastos. Mas makabakal kami sang materials na needed,sa pang araw araw na pangangailangan sa buhay and that's all."
Respondents 8:

"Ang positive effect niya is ano ang nag mayo ang kabuhi namon naka naka pundar kami sang mga financial needs uhm sang uhm maka provide si mama sang mga financial needs namon tapo sano to daw mag an na ang pangabuhi namon subong."

Respondent 9:
"Nang ano nang amon na balay nakay o na, nag name na siya ,nakumpleto na kami sa needs kag wala na kami gina kulang sa kwarta."
Respondent 10:
"Uhmm… positive effect is ma ano niya ma provide niya ang mga needs namon everyday tapos ng kunwari sang mga emergency nga barayan pwede siya ka ano dason ka produce sang kwarta tapos ipadala niya sa amon then amo sato mapa eskwela niya ko then amo sato mapaeskwela niya ko, ganon, napa graduate niya na gani si ate."
Respondent 11:
"Positive effect is mahatag nya tanan na needs namon lalo na sa financial."
Respondent 12:
"Bilang anak ng isang OFW Parent nakakaranas kami ng maayos na pamumuhay… nakakakain ng tatlong beses sa isang araw, may pang tustos sa arawaraw na gastusin."
Respondent 13:
"Well, positive effects, ano… hindi, hindi man abi kami laki sa yaman abi na family so yung mama ko nag try sya abroad so ang positive effect nya is kung ano ang may ara kami karon, daw kaangat na kami na karon sa life… mahambal ko man na hindi kami angat pero atleast na kabangon kami sa daw pobre man gyapon di nag gid pareho dati na mahirap na mahirap so amuna na siya ang positive effect na murag na kami makakain ng 3x a day."
Respondent 14:
"Uhm… mahatag sang nanay ko ang financial needs namon, sa mga utod ko mahatag niyaid ang kinanglan namon … Basta mahatag niya kung ano dapat ihatag niya."
Respondent 15:
"Ara gid eh… ng bal an niyo hiwalay na bi parents nakon so si mama ko lang ang nagahatag needs so tung nagabroad na siya nahatag niya na ang needs ko kag napaeskwela niya ko kaso lang nag untat lang ko."
Respondent 16:
"Ang positive effect niya is mahatag niya ang needs namon kag ang wants namon."

Respondent 17:
"Ang positive effect sang OFW nga parent, mas dali masolusyonan ang financial problem… natural kay mas taas gid man ang maging income sang worker sa ibang bansa kaysa diri sa pilipinas."
Respondent 18:
"Ang positive effect is nahatagan niya na gid ko kwarta kag masuporthana niya na ko sa akon especially sa kwarta"
Respondent 19:
"Napaeskwela ko dati kag nahatag niya ang mga needs ko."
Respondent 20:
"The positive effect of having an OFW parents is that they can provide easily all your needs, financially."

Question 2
Respondent 1:
''Sure may ara kay diba sa feeling nga siya na lang isa ang nabilin sa imo nga parent tapos yung ba naghalin pa gid bala sya haw… eh ano ang negative effect sato kumbaga daw makulangan kis a kay guidance sang parents na ara bala didto. So amo to sya … Actually dati tung mga younger years pa ko tung wala ko pa naintindihan ng na ano ko gid na tani wala nalang siya nag abroad… feel ko daw ano, daw gin bilin bala haw, daw feel ko nga gi abandon. Ng tanan na lang bala aw feel ko tanan ibilin ko. Daw over over nab ala ang pag emote ko sa tanan.''
Respondent 2:
''Uhmm...Yes… uhm negative effect I think is uhm I miss my father we don't have any bond. Uhm I mean we actually haven't talked too much and bond too much, because I'm only child and yes, I want attention… I feel sad but sometimes I keep telling myself that it's okay it's for myself It is for my own good.''
Respondent 3:
''Syempre ang negative effect, syempre di ko sya upod sa pila ko birthdays kona special occasions wala sya. Ng mga time nga kailangan ko siya, wala siya ''
Respondent 4:
"So sa for example tung high school ko, elementary, syempre, pag may mag family day or anything nakinanglan sang parents meeting walasya… tung umpisa tung nagka isip ko , daw ma intindihanko man kung ngaa siya nag abroad kay kung hindi siya mag abroad so wala… daw di ko nag gid abi maalala abi ah… Ng syempre kalian sa pamatyagan kay Makita mo ang iban mo nga classmate or friends mo nga kumpleto sila tapos ikaw kulang kulang.''
Respondent 5:
''Syempre ano eh sad kay walana pirmi gabuyayaw sa amon taga aga, wa may gapukaw, wala may gaano, way may ga guide.''
Respondent 6:
''Growing without parents beside you specially the mother's care which is very important… I feel lonely and abandoned. I don't have any to tell my problems, especially my heartaches.''
Respondent 7:
''So first is emotionally ng may daw ara part sa akon ng daw kulang siya sang sa akon nga hindi kami complete nga family… coz' wala ang isa sang part sang member namon sang pamilya. That's it.''
Respondent 8:
''Ang negative effect sito ih kung name ang pangabuhi namon ti naguba sa pag abroad ni mama, naguba man ang pamilya namon. Kay si papa, nagbulag sila kay sigurohindi kaya ang long distance amuna nabulaganay sila. Nami ang pangabuhi namon pero ang status sang pamilya namon is hindi kay separate abi ah ang parents namon. ''
Respondent 9:
''Ng ano ng parehas sito pag graduate sang grade 6 ng ano ng wala may makuha sang sa imo sa stage, dayon magkuha sang cards mo, tapos ng mag family day wala may mag attend sa imo sang parents, daw mainggit ka bala haw, sila kumpleto ikaw wala kay parents mo ara sa gwas, feeling ko against nako sa iban kasadya sang iban, kasadya nga kumpleto sila.''
Respondent 10:
"Syempre, ang negative effect diba kung OFW ka ng malayo kana sa family mo, so syempre… ano ang kailangan mo sa isa ka nanay hindi niya ma ano, ma hatag, so amuto, malayo siya sa imo nga family tapos, tapos, kung kailangan ko siya as a mother daw si papa ang gastand as a mother saakon."
Respondent 11:
''Negative is may times gid nga maglayo loob namon sa iya kag wala siya if ever na kailangan namon sang nanay.''

Respondent 12:
''Yung mga pagkakataong na wala sayo ang mga magulang mo yung kahit kailangan mo sila sa tabi mo, wala sila dahil kailangan nilang mag trabaho para sa mahal nila sa buhay.''
Respondent 13:
''Negative effects, siguro sa akon wala pero sa mga manghod ko kay may ara paman ko kapatid nga tatlo, amona kami tatlo kay nag abroad si mama kay wala si… wala nako papa…. Wala nako papa ba, tapos… huy gash…ning…amona ang manghod ko ara karon sa davao tapos ng, am na ang negative effects ng wala sang daw mag discipline sa mga manghod ko, iba gid bala pag gadako ang family sa sa kompleto nga pamilya…siguro amo ng negative effects, wala hindi na kami makakaon, although makakaon kami, kung ang positive makakaon kami three times a day, karon hindi na kami makakaon sa isa nga table nga kumpleto, amona.''
Respondent 14:
"Negative effect niya gid is nagkaroon ko sang bisyo tapos ng mafeel ko nga anytime kag miskan sin o pwede nila ko ibilin. Ng sa gamay nga bagay lalo na pag about sa family issue gareact gid ko."
Respondent 15:
First gid is lack of attention gid tapos ng gapangita gid ko sang presence niya. Kulang pa gid siya sang time sa amon haw.
Respondent 16:
"Ang negative effect niya is hindi namon siya makita sang laba nga panahon asta sa chat nlng kag video call kami naga kit anay. May gap na kag kag hindi ka gid close saiya kung mag abot siya. Naga longing gd ko saiya nga tani mag abot tung panahon
Respondent 17:
Tapos ang negative effect man, oo mas dali ang kwarta pero syempre madula ang pangangailangan mo sa mga ginikanan, dali gid man lang ang kwarta sang OFW pero kapalit sini kalian man gyapon kay wala sa tupad mo ang pamilya mo… makaapekto ni siya sa pag eskwela ko kay way ga guide saakon, amo na nga makapagusto ko sa himuon ko, makasulod man o hindi, makapagusto gyapon ko.
Respondent 18:
"Nang una uhm ng ano bala ng ang negative effect is ng feeling mo ng ging bilin ka bala haw kag gapangita ka sang presence sang nanay mo"

Respondent 19:
Uhm ng wala bala may ga guide saimo so ng wala bala may mag upod sa imo haw ng daw gusto mo sang attention pero wala may mag hatag halin sa parents mo
nga maskin hindi na siya mag abroad basa ara lng kamo sa iisang bubong. Mamiss ko gd sya, amu na ang top negative effect para saakon."
Respondent 20:
"Negative effect although naprovide mo needs ng anak mo medyo malayo loob ng anak mo sayo, tapos parang emotional ako na lumalaki kasi nga wala siya."

Question 3
Respondent 1:
''uhm… I'm so blessed kasi may ara man sang iban nga naga guide sa akon kag nga kumbaga daw naga nagdako ko sa church so amuto nga gi guide nila ko.''
Respondent 2:
''uhm… talking to him on messenger uhm video chat and calling him when he has spare time.''
Respondent 3:
''Na ano gina chat ko siya everyday kung may time tapos hulton ko lang siya mag reply kung san o kay busy man siya tapos pirmi ko sa iya gahambal ''I love you'' kung ano man gid tapos…uhm… ginahambal hambal ko tanan nga ano garatabo sa akon para updated man siya biskan layo siya.''
Respondent 4:
''So ga engage ko sa mga sports, daw sa activities, sa school, sa mga friends na lang dira nanabalhin attention ko.''
Respondent 5:
''uhm… gaeskwela gid ko tarong…mga friends ko ara ng support man… gasali man ko sa sports kis a, naga… nagahampang ko sang ano sang ping pong.''
Respondent 6:
"Since we are already in millennials we can communicate in video call, so it's easy to communicate with my mother."

Respondent 7:
''So far sa studies lang gid ko gafocus para makabawi sa mga gina pang hatag niya sa amon and friends and mga hobbies nga may pagka sporty ako, pero not all the time, that's all."
Respondent 8:
''Tung ging himo ko lang is nag ano lang ko motivate ko gid ang sarili ko nga mag skwela, skwela gid ko nga para man ni sa future ko kung isipon ko para man sa akon kag tapos gaupod ko s friends ko nga ang isip man nila mag skwela man."
Respondent 9:
''Hambal ko sige lang kay gina ano man ni mama gaubra siya sa gawas sang abroad para man ni sa amon… gaupod man ko sa friends ko kag gas kwela tarung.''
Respondent 10:
''Gina isip ko na lang, ga isip ko sang mga positive thoughts like uhm… bal an ko nga ang gina himo niya is for us, for sa family namon tapos kung kailangan ko man siya syempre ng bal an ko man nga ang moral support niya ara sa akon so amo sato uhm… kag ano kag syempre ang akon nga ginahimo is kung para ma ano ko mahatag ko ang ang maging proud man sila sa akon is, maging proud man siya sa akon is kailangan mag skwelatarong. Uhm… kailangan mo may achieve may kailangan mo maging achiever sa school… gina ano ko gina, uhm, ang akon nga focus is sa, focus is sa school tapos ng uhm… gina angakon, sa friends diba gashare man ko sa friends ko about sa mga problems ko so daw wala na siya sang, daw di na may depressed depressed amona kay ga share nako sa mga friends ko about sa mga problems ko.''
Respondent 11:
"Well si mama abi everday gid siya nagabasa sang bible, so bale nagaya ko bala kag amo na o gina himo ko and naga communicate sa isa't isa, amo na ang nagging coping mechanism ko."
Respondent 12:
"Lagi kami nakikipag communicate sa kaniya dahl sa teknolohiya ngyon pwede mo na siyang makita,makakausap mo na siya, dito naming napapakita na kahit malayo kami ay prang magkasama pa rin kami."
Respondent 13:
"So ano… gina divert ang attention ko sa kung diin happy ko, like gaupod ko sa friends ko. tung gaskwela pa ko, ang focus ko sa skwela, ng damo ka extracurriculars para hindi mo lang maisip nga wala ka upod, nga wala si mama mo, basta gina divert ko lang attention ko."
Respondent 14:
"Ang ginhimo ko is nagtry ko magi nom bala aw para malimtan ko lang ang thought nga wala siya tapos gaupod man ko sa barkada ko."
Respondent 15:
"Ng gaupod upod lang ko sa mga barkada ko. Gina baling ko sa iba ang atensyon ko."
Respondent 16:
"Ang coping mechanism ko, first gina sunod ko ang gusto nya kay para man na saakon. Chat kag video call lang gd para mabawasn ang pagkamiss ko saiya. Communicate lang gd kami."
Respondent 17:
"Maka cope up ko sa paagi nga makahatag parent ko sang gusto ko kag paagi nga biskan nga ara siya sa ibang bansa di madula ang support niya kag pag palangga niya saakon. Kag ga chat and video call man kami."
Respondent 18:
"Ng ga basketball nalang ko pirmi kag ga upod sa barkada ko, amo lang to"
Respondent 19:
"Ng syempre sa friends ko gaupod ng gina isip ko nalang ang mga happy thoughts kag kis a ginagamit ko ang miga ko as coping mechanism"
Respondent 20:
"Coping mechanism I use to hang with my friends, it's my way to cope up with my stress or my pain. And also I divert my attention to other things."

APPENDIX D
CERTIFICATION
This is to certify that the undersigned has reviewed the Qualitative Research entitled "Isolated Souls: Exploring the Effects of Having Overseas Filipino Worker Parents to the Children Left Behind" of John Marwin F. Bulan, Eazel June Ira G. Alegria, Angelle Mae G. Paclarin and Krishna L. Rivera, senior high school students with the course of Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM) as to its content, grammar, organization and other related requirements.
This certification is granted to meet the requirement for their Manuscript Final Printing.
Issued this ___ day of March, 2018 at Koronadal National Comprehensive High School (KNCHS), Rizal Street, Brgy. Zone IV, City of Koronadal, Province of South Cotabato.

_______________________
Critic Reader

ISOLATED SOULS: EXPLORING THE EFFECTS OF HAVING OFW PARENTS TO THE CHILDREN LEFT BEHIND

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