SFNRC_YNKHK _NIH_KD UHL@H BHISL[HK KC H_XSN[CI[S_H ^ S_OHFNY@D
“CL YNY[C@H IDFY[_SI[NRD NFKSY[_NHLN]HKD NFKSY[_NHLN]HKD HULNIHKD
H L H R N R N C F K H Y DI N H L C I DF Ù@N I H I D@D N F[C F[ C _ Î Y U_ ND_ ND_ N[H_ N[H_ ND C F LH LH S_O HFN]HI HFN]HI NÙF NÙF IHF[D IHF[D _C ^ C F CL KNY[_N[D KC YHF MSHF KC LS_NGHFIAD, LN@H‐
[_HOHMD KC NFRCY[NGHINÙF YC@NFH_ND KC [CIFDLDGÀH
HLS@FDY UC_HL[H LN_H, [C_CYH _DK_NGSC], MD_GC
IÈ[CK_H H_X. IHY[HØCKH, IHY[HØCKH, LD_CFH NFG. U_HKD, @HFSCL
LN@H, UC_S ?587
Grupd Fµ 3
Ucrhlth, [crcsh / _dkràgucz, Mdrgc
[àtuld kc lh nfvcstnghinùf
Cl snstc`h idfstruitnvd nfkustrnhlnzhkd hplnihkd h lh vnvncfkh sdinhl cidfù`nih id`d nftcrîs prndrnthrnd cf lh urohfnzhinùf Ihftd _cy cf cl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, Ln`h
Urdolc`ètnih prnfinphl
Cl kîbnint kc vnvncfkhs ( 3>,>7> vnvncfkhs) kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad hl hød ?58;, quc cfihoczh lh lnsth kc zdfhs idf `hydr kîbnint cf Ln`h @ctrdpdlnthfh.
Sonihinùf
Srohfnzhinùf Ihftd _cy, Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, Ln`h
Ynstc`h idfstruitnvd (idfvcfindfhl d fd idfvcfindfhl) prdpucstd
Ynstc`h idfstruitnvd fd idfvcfindfhl= C``ckuc hprdohkd idf _csdluinùf @nfnstcrnhl 5;3-?585 pdr cl @nfnstcrnd kc Rnvncfkh.
8. Urdycitd kc vnvncfkh cidfù`nih cf Yhftd Kd`nfgd, _cp. Kd`nfnihfh. ?. Urdycitd pnldtd Ihøhkh Hphrnind cf @hlkdfhkd, Ihsds cstuknhkds Sruguhy. 9. Urdycitds vhrnds cf Lhtnfdh`îrnih (Rcfczuclh, Ciuhkdr, Hrgcftnfh) 8. Rnvncfkh prdgrcsnvh idf YIFI C``ckuc Hplnihinùf (tnpdldgàh) ?. H`plnhinùf kc vnvncfkhs idfstrunkhs idf snstc`h trhknindfhl Hpdrtc h lh hrquntciturh
8. Ssd kc `htcrnhlcs kc ohmd n`phitd h`oncfthl ?. Urdtdtnpd `dkulhr kc vnvncfkh prdgrcsnvh kc ?? `? 9. Rnvncfkh kc bèinl hr`hkd quc hyukc h rckuinr lh nfbdr`hlnkhk cf lh idfstruiinùf
8. Ynstc`h idfstruitnvd fd idfvcfindfhl kc clcvhkh rcsnstcfinh sàs`nih quc rcspdfkc hl sucld infîtnid kcl Hpdrtc h lh nfgcfncràh Ucrý ?. _ckuiinùf kc tnc`pd kc lds prdicsds idfstruitnvds
ÀFKNIC KC NFRCY[NGHINÙF Nftrdkuiinùf Ihpàtuld N Gcfcrhlnkhkcs N.8. Làfch kc Nfvcstnghinùf N.?. Èrch tc`ètnih N.9. Mustnbnihinùf kc lh nfvcstnghinùf N.;. Domctnvds kc lh nfvcstnghinùf N.;.8. Domctnvd gcfcrhl N.;.?. Domctnvds cspciàbnids
Ihpàtuld NN @hrid rcbcrcfinhl NN.8. [cifdldgàh kc lh Hrquntciturh NN.?. Rnvncfkh y inukhk
Ihpàtuld NNN YIFI= Ynstc`h C``ckuc NNN.8. Anstdrnh kc lh idfstruiinùf cf cl Ucrý NNN.?. [cifdldgàh kc lh idfstruiinùf cf cl Ucrý NNN.9. Ynstc`h C``ckuc NNN.9.8 Ilhsnbnihinùf kc prdkuitds NNN.9.? Rcfthmhs y id`phrhinùf kc prdicsds idfstruitnvds kcl snstc`h C``ckuc brcftc h dtrds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds NNN.9.9 Hplnihinùf kcl snstc`h C``ckuc cf phàscs lhtnfdh`crnihfds
Ihpàtuld NR Hfèlnsns y kn`cfsndfh`ncftd kn`cfsndfh`ncftd kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad NR.8. Cxphfsnùf y ircin`ncftd kc lh inukhk kc Ln`h NR.?. Cxphfsnùf y ircin`ncftd kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad
NR.9. Cl lughr= Ihftd _cy NR.9.8 Khtds gcfcrhlcs NR.9.? Hftcickcftcs kc lh zdfh NR.9.9 Urdolc`ètnih sdinhl NR.9.; ]dfnbnihinùf NR.9.3 Rulfcrhonlnkhk sàs`nih NR.9.2 Cqunph`ncftd kc lh zdfh
Ihpàtuld R Hfèlnsns kcl usuhrnd R.8. Ucrbnl sdindcidfù`nid R.?. Id`pdsninùf kcl adghr R.9. Ihrhitcràstnihs kc lh vnvncfkh
Ihpàtuld RN Urdtdtnpd “Rnvncfkh prdgrcsnvh‐ prdgrcsnvh‐ RN.8. Knscød hrquntcitùfnid RN.8.8 Urdgrh`hinùf RN.8.? Hrquntciturh RN.8.9 Urdpucsth kc drghfnzhinùf urohfh RN.8.; Idstds y prcsupucstds
Ihpàtuld RNN Idfilusndfcs Ihpàtuld RNNN Onolndgrhbàh Ihpàtuld NQ Hfcxds
NF[_DKSIINÙF Fucstrd phàs, Ucrý, cstè pdsnindfhkd kurhftc lh ýltn`h kîihkh id`d cl phàs sukh`crnihfd idf `hydr àfknic kc ircin`ncftd cidfù`nid: snf c`ohrgd, cstc ircin`ncftd fd cs pcrinonkd cqunthtnvh`cftc pdr tdkh lh pdolhinùf. Cl prdolc`h kc kcsnguhlkhk cidfù`nih y sdinhl, cs ufd kc lds prnfinphlcs bhitdrcs quc prd`ucvc cl prdicsd kc `ngrhindfcs nftcrfhs kcl ih`pd h lhs inukhkcs, ld iuhl ah nfirc`cfthkd cl prdolc`h kc kîbnint ahonthindfhl, thftd iuhftnthtnvd id`d iuhlnthtnvd. Cf csth sntuhinùf sc vcf hbcithkhs prnfinphl`cftc lhs pcrsdfhs idf `cfdrcs rciursds cidfù`nids, quncfcs fd puckcf hiickcr h ufh vnvncfkh kc ihlnkhk idf bhinlnkhk. Udr dtrd lhkd, lh nfkustrnh kc lh idfstruiinùf cf cl Ucrý diuph hituhl`cftc uf lughr `uy n`pdrthftc cf lh idftrnouinùf kcl ircin`ncftd kc fucstrh cidfd`àh, sncfkd hlgufhs kc lhs rhzdfcs kc lh cxphfsnùf kc cstc `crihkd= lh csthonlnzhinùf cidfù`nih y pdlàtnih kcl Ucrý, lh cfdr`c fcicsnkhk kc vnvncfkh c nfbrhcstruiturh, cl ircin`ncftd kcl irîkntd anpdtcihrnd y lhs prd`dindfcs knrngnkhs h pcrsdfhs kc ilhsc `cknh. Ynf c`ohrgd, csths c`prcshs hýf ahicf usd kc snstc`hs trhknindfhlcs cf lh idfstruiinùf, ld quc n`plnih quc kns`nfuyhf lh cbnihinh kc sus `htcrnhlcs y kcl rciursd au`hfd. Hftc cstc phfdrh`h, kcinkn`ds ahicr csth nfvcstnghinùf icftrèfkdfds cf lh fcicsnkhk kc vnvncfkh y cl kcshrrdlld kc lh idfstruiinùf, quc kc bdr`h phrhlclh fds khrèf id`d rcsulthkd uf prdtdtnpd kc vnvncfkh prdgrcsnvh idf usd kc snstc`hs idfstruitnvds fd idfvcfindfhlcs quc fds pcr`nthf kns`nfunr plhzds kc cmciuinùf kc dorh, rckuiinùf kc idstds, vnvncfkhs kc ihlnkhk y quc prdtcmhf cl `cknd h`oncftc.
IHUÀ[SLD N= GCFC_HLNKHKCY N.8 Làfch kc Nfvcstnghinùf Lh làfch kc nfvcstnghinùf cs hkhpthtnvh, cstd quncrc kcinr lh hkhpthinùf kc idfdin`ncftd d tcifdldgàh yh cxnstcftc phrh scr hkdpthkh pdr lds ocfcbninhrnds bnfhlcs. Yu utnlnkhk cs prnfinphl`cftc cspciàbnih phrh uf lughr d phàs y pdr ld thftd, ahy dpdrtufnkhkcs `ès ln`nthkhs phrh su knbusnùf. Lh Nfvcstnghinùf Hkhpthtnvh ousih dotcfcr sdluindfcs fd knspdfnolcs h prdolc`hs cspciàbnids (puftds iràtnids) nkcftnbnihkds cf ufh zdfh kctcr`nfhkh, h trhvîs kc prdtdtnpds d prucohs cxpcrn`cfthlcs phrh ghrhftnzhr lh vhlnkhinùf y hkdpinùf kc tcifdldgàhs quc rcsuclvhf kniads prdolc`hs.
N.? Èrch tc`ètnih Cl èrch tc`ètnih kc lh nfvcstnghinùf cstè knvnknkh cf kds= ufh nfvcstnghinùf tcùrnih sdorc uf snstc`h idfstruitnvd idf dpdrtufnkhkcs kc hplnihinùf y uf hfèlnsns puftuhl sdorc lh cxphfsnùf kc lh inukhk y ufh prdpucsth kc cqunph`ncftd rcbcrcftc h clld.
N.9 Mustnbnihinùf kc lh nfvcstnghinùf
Cl kîbnint kc vnvncfkh cftrc lhs bh`nlnhs kc `cfdrcs nfgrcsds kcl kcphrth`cftd kc Ln`h, prnfinphl`cftc kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, ld quc sc cxprcsh thftd cf lh ihrcfinh hosdluth kc vnvncfkh (kîbnint iuhftnthtnvd) id`d cf lh ahonthinùf kc vnvncfkhs kc ihlnkhk kctcrndrhkh (kîbnint iuhlnthtnvd). Lh cxnstcfinh kc ohrrcrhs y pdid nficftnvd kcl kcspcguc tcifdlùgnid cf lh idfstruiinùf.
N;. Domctnvds kc lh nfvcstnghinùf N.;.8 Domctnvd gcfcrhl Kc`dstrhr lh bhitnonlnkhk kc usd kc lds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds fd idfvcfindfhlcs, cfbdièfkdfds prnfinphl`cftc cf lh prdpucsth kcl c`plcd kcl C``ckuc id`d snstc`h idfstruitnvd phrh lh vnvncfkh cf lh urohfnzhinùf Ihftd _cy cf Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, Ln`h.
N.;.8 Domctnvds cspciàbnids
Kcshrrdllhr uf prdtdtnpd kc vnvncfkh vnvncfkh prdgrcsnvh, prdgrcsnvh, quc sc hmustc h lh cidfd`àh kc lds pdolhkdrcs kc Ihftd _cy y quc cvntc lhs idfstruiindfcs prcihrnhs c nfbdr`hlcs cf cstc scitdr. Cfih`nfhr h lds c`prcshrnds kc lh idfstruiinùf h lh `dkcrfnzhinùf tcifdlùgnih h trhvîs kcl usd kc lds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds fd idfvcfindfhlcs.
IHUÀ[SLD NN= @H_ID _CBC_CFINHL NN.8 [cifdldgàh kc lh Hrquntciturh Kcskc tnc`pds `uy rc`dtds lhs hftnguhs invnlnzhindfcs csthohf ln`nthkhs h idfstrunr sus inukhkcs idf lds rciursds y `htcrnhlcs kc idfstruiinùf quc knspdfàhf h sus icrihfàhs. Cl idfdin`ncftd thftd kc `htcrnhlcs id`d tîifnihs kc idfstruiinùf ah snkd trhsphshkd kc gcfcrhinùf cf gcfcrhinùf ahsth lh hituhlnkhk, subrncfkd `dknbnihindfcs y hkhpthindfcs. Idf lds hvhfics tcifdlùgnids, lhs nfvcstnghindfcs prdkuinkhs cf cl ih`pd kc lh idfstruiinùf, ahf khkd lughr h uf h`plàsn`d `crihkd kc rciursds y snstc`hs idfstruitnvds. Cf csths ýltn`hs kîihkhs lh nfkustrnh kc lh idfstruiinùf sc ah nfilnfhkd ahinh lh csthfkhrnzhinùf kc lds knbcrcftcs suosnstc`hs idfstruitnvds (cstruiturhs, icrrh`ncftds, hihohkds): cstd n`plnih quc cl hrquntcitd kcoc khr rcspucsth hftc uf h`oncftc `uy id`pctntnvd, cf cl iuhl lhs acrrh`ncfths tcifdlùgnihs sc prcscfthf prcscfthf id`d uf n`pdrthftc bhitdr h lh adrh kc kcshrrdllhr lh `ctdkdldgàh kc knscød cf ocfcbnind kc su inukhk.
NN.? Rnvncfkh y inukhk Lh vnvncfkh cs ufd kc lds tc`hs prnfinphlcs phrh cl kcshrrdlld kc uf phàs, cs lh ufnkhk oèsnih kc lh inukhk y cl csphind prnfinphl kdfkc lds nfknvnkuds kcshrrdllhf sus hitnvnkhkcs idtnknhfhs, kc lh iuhl kcpcfkc prnfinphl`cftc su kcshrrdlld id`d inukhkhfds. [dkd scr au`hfd nfkcpcfkncftc`cftc kc su idfkninùf sdind-cidfù`nih tncfc kcrciad h ufh vnvncfkh kngfh, kdfkc oèsnih`cftc lh vnvncfkh kcocrè idfthr idf lds icrrh`ncftds `àfn`ds fcicshrnds= `urds, pucrths, vcfthfhs y tciad tcr`nfhkds. Csth idfstruiinùf `àfn`h kcocrè llcvhrsc h ihod idf lds `htcrnhlcs ùptn`ds kcpcfkncfkd kc lhs idfknindfcs iln`ètnihs kdfkc ahontcf, y quc fd schf pcrmukninhlcs phrh lh shluk kcl ahonthftc. Hkc`ès kc
clld, sc cftncfkc quc kcoc idfthr th`onîf idf lds scrvninds oèsnids kc hguh, kcshgüc y clcitrninkhk. Iuhfkd hohrih`ds cl prdolc`h kc lh vnvncfkh, fds kh`ds iucfth quc uf phfdrh`h su`h`cftc id`plcmd quc prcscfth kn`cfsndfcs cidfù`nihs, pdlàtnihs, sdinhlcs, muràknihs y bnfhfincrhs. Cl îxntd y cbnincfinh kc ufh prdpucsth kc vnvncfkh rhknihrè cf su hkciuhkh gcstnùf y cf uf cbnihz `îtdkd quc kcoc ousihr id`d domctnvds bufkh`cfthlcs= Ghrhftnzhr cl hiicsd kc vnvncfkh h lds `ès pdorcs, kctcfcr cl ircin`ncftd kcl kîbnint ahonthindfhl y kns`nfunrld prdgrcsnvh`cftc, idfsdlnkhr lh prdkuiinùf kc vnvncfkh id`d scitdr `dkcrfd y id`pctntnvd, c`prcshrnhl`cftc kcshrrdllhkd y ilhrh`cftc hrtniulhkd idf lds kc`ès scitdrcs kc lh cidfd`àh.
IHUÀ[SLD NNN= YIFI, CL YNY[C@H C@@CKSC NNN.8. Anstdrnh kc lh idfstruiinùf cf cl Ucrý Hftnguh`cftc lh idfstruiinùf cf cl Ucrý crh sdstcfnolc, lhs prn`crhs tîifnihs idfstruitnvhs hidftcincrdf cf lh îpdih prc-nfihnih, kdfkc lds idfstruitdrcs kc lhs iulturhs `ès prckd`nfhftcs ushrdf `htcrnhlcs id`d ohrrd y pnckrh phrh idfstrunr tc`plds icrc`dfnhlcs, inukhkclhs, bdrthlczhs, cti. Ycgunkh`cftc sc kcshrrdllù lh îpdih nfihnih, cf lh quc sc c`plcù lh pnckrh cf lh idfstruiinùf kc `urds kc idftcfinùf, hfkcfcs, ih`nfds y ihfhlcs. Cf lh idsth, sc hplniù cl snstc`h kc lh qunfiah: cf lh sncrrh sc bhornihrdf hkdocs `dlkchkds idf cl ohrrd phrh idfstrunr lds `urds: y cf lh sclvh, idfstruycrdf idf oh`oý, `hkcrh y tciads kc phl`h. [rhs lh îpdih nfihnih, idftnfuù lh îpdih kc lh idfqunsth csphødlh, quc trhmd idfsngd fucvhs nkchs tcifdlùgnihs y cstnlds hrquntcitùfnids n`pdrthkds kc Curdph. Lds `htcrnhlcs kc idfstruiinùf prckd`nfhftcs cf csth îpdih bucrdf cl hkdoc, lh pnckrh (phrh in`ncftds y `urds), cl `drtcrd kc hrcfh y ihl, cl lhkrnlld y cl ycsd. Ahsth id`ncfzds kcl sngld QNQ sc usù cl hkdoc id`d `htcrnhl prnfinphl phrh lds `urds hfiads kcl prn`cr pnsd y h vcics phrh lds hltds, kcpcfkncfkd kc lh n`pdrthfinh kc su cstruiturh. Lucgd kc bnfhlnzhr lh îpdih idldfnhl, scgunràh lh cthph rcpuolnihfh, idf lh nfkcpcfkcfinh kcl Ucrý, h pcshr kc cstd hýf lh nffdvhinùf tcifdlùgnih crh csihsh, (lh `èqunfh y lh nfkustrnh crhf kcsidfdinkhs), ahsth quc cf 813? kurhftc cl gdoncrfd kcl Urcsnkcftc Ciacfnquc llcghràhf hl phàs lds prn`crds nfgcfncrds invnlcs curdp cds quncfcs bufkhrdf “Lh id`nsnùf icftrhl kc Nfgcfncrds Invnlcs‐ quc scràh kcspuîs fd`orhkh “Iucrpd kc Nfgcfncrds y Hrquntcitds kcl Csthkd‐. Cftrc lds `nc`ords kc csth id`nsnùf kcsthihrdf lds
nfgcfncrds Bckcrnid Olu`c, Ckuhrkd kc Ahonia y [cdkdrc Cl`drc, h phrtnr kc cstds høds sc c`pczù h rchlnzhr grhfkcs dorhs kc nfbrhcstruiturh cf fucstrd phàs id`d lh idfstruiinùf kc pucftcs, `ucllcs cf lh ohaàh kcl Ihllhd (idf ic`cftd Udrtlhfk y ihl ankrèulnih). H phrtnr kcl sngld QQ idf lh llcghkh kcl idfirctd hr`hkd hl Ucrý (8>?5) sc nfninù lh idfstruiinùf kc cknbninds hltds cf Ln`h, buc hsà quc cf 8>?? sc nfhugurù cl prn`cr cknbnind cf Ln`h kc 2 pnsds llh`hkd lh Ihsh Wncsc, lucgd cf 8>75 cstc cknbnind buc sdorcphshkd pdr lh [drrc kcl Icftrd iàvnid kc 85? `ctrds kc hlturh idf 9; pnsds kcstnfhkh h hgcfinhs y h dbninfhs kcl csthkd. H phrtnr kc lds l ds høds 8>35, kdfkc hphrcic cl tcrrdrns`d cf fucstrd tcrrntdrnd, cl Ucrý tuvd ufh cidfd`àh icrrhkh hl `ufkd ahsth 8>>5, kdfkc cl prnfinphl nfvcrsndfnsth kc nfbrhcstruiturh, ihphinkhk prdkuitnvh y vnvncfkh crh cl Csthkd, cl ih`ond y prdicsd kc hkhpthinùf td`ù `uiad tnc`pd, y fd buc snfd ahsth cl hød ?559 quc cl Ucrý ldgrù csthr pdsnindfhkd `ufknhl`cftc, y sc nfninù uf ircin`ncftd sdstcfnkd kc lh cidfd`àh pcruhfh, y cf cspcinhl kc lh nfkustrnh kc lh idfstruiinùf, quc ircic sdstcfnolc`cftc kconkd hl hu`cftd kc lds nfgrcsds cidfù`nids kc lds adghrcs y lhs `hydrcs nfvcrsndfcs pýolnihs y prnvhkhs phrh cstc scitdr, hkc`ès kc lh `cmdrh kc lhs idfknindfcs kc bnfhfinh`ncftd phrh lh hkqunsninùf kc vnvncfkhs pýolnihs.
NNN.?. [cifdldgàh kc lh idfstruiinùf cf cl Ucrý Uhrh quc cxnsth nfkustrnhlnzhinùf sc kcocf kcshrrdllhr trcs bhitdrcs cf bdr`h sn`ultèfch= nffdvhinùf tcifdlùgnih, ihpnthl phrh lh nfvcrsnùf y uf `crihkd quc ldgrc h`drtnzhr lh nfvcrsnùf nfninhl, sn iuhlquncrh kc cstds bhitdrcs fd sc kncrh, cl prdicsd brhihshrè. Csths idfknindfcs `àfn`hs fcicsnthf kc lh nfidrpdrhinùf kc kctcr`nfhkds rciursds, lhs iuhlcs sdf pdid hiicsnolcs phrh `uiads scitdrcs cf cl Ucrý, snf c`ohrgd cl kcshrrdlld cs n`prcsinfknolc cf lh hituhlnkhk y fd cxnstc dtrd ih`nfd phrh `cmdrhr lds prdicsds trhknindfhlcs quc lh tcifdldgàh c nffdvhinùf. Cs pdr clld, quc cf lh `hydràh kc cknbnihindfcs cf cl Ucrý, sdld sc ushf snstc`hs idfstruitnvds iuyd grhkd kc nfkustrnhlnzhinùf cs ohmh, cs kcinr, quc c`plchf phrinhl`cftc id`pdfcftcs nfkustrnhlnzhkds, id`d sdf lhs vngucths prcbhornihkhs, oldijs kc idfirctd, icrrh`ncftds id`d cl krywhll y cstruiturhs `ctèlnihs cf hlgufds ihsds. Cf lds ýltn`ds ?5 høds cl gdoncrfd pcruhfd ah hprdohkd ohmd knbcrcftcs rcsdluindfcs, vhrnds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds fd idfvcfindfhlcs, snf c`ohrgd, fd sc doscrvh ufh tcfkcfinh h lh nfkustrnhlnzhinùf, pdr ld idftrhrnd, snguc ahoncfkd uf grhf usd `hsnvd kc vhrnllhs kc bncrrd, lhkrnlld y idfirctd cf tdkds lds scitdrcs sdinhlcs. Cstd cs rcsulthkd kc ufh grhf ihftnkhk kc ohrrcrhs quc n`pnkcf lh hplnihinùf kc fucvhs tcifdldgàhs phrh lh dptn`nzhinùf kc prdicsds idfstruitnvds, sncfkd lhs `ès nfbluycftcs=
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• • •
Lh ohmh ihphinthinùf kc lh `hfd kc kc dorh= lhs c`prcshs c`prcshs fd rchlnzhf rchlnzhf prdgrh`hs kc ihphinthinùf phrh hu`cfthr lh cbnincfinh cf cl usd kc fucvhs tcifdldgàhs kc idfstruiinùf. Lh rcsnstcfinh hl ih`ond ih`ond y kcsidfbnhfzh cf lh lh ihlnkhk y id`pdrth`ncftd kc snstc`hs idfstruitnvds nffdvhkdrcs. Huscfinh kc lh kcbnfninùf kc lds clc`cftds nfkustrnhlnzhkds cf lh cthph kc knscød Urcscfinh kc snfknihtds snfknihtds kc idfstruiinùf idfstruiinùf quc quc sc dpdfcf h lh `cmdrh kc lh prdkuitnvnkhk= grhinhs h lds iupds kc trhohmd, sc n`pnkc lh n`plc`cfthinùf kc h trhvîs kc lh idftrhthinùf kc pcrsdfhl y `hqunfhrnh cspcinhlnzhkh
NNN.9. Cl snstc`h C``ckuc Cstc snstc`h cstè id`pucstd kc uf fýilcd kc pdlncstnrcfd cxphfknkd, iuoncrtd pdr ufh `hllh kc hicrd kc hlth rcsnstcfinh cf ihkh ufh kc sus ihrhs, ufnkhs cftrc sà pdr idfcitdrcs kc hicrd. Lh prnfinphl bnfhlnkhk kcl snstc`h cs prdvccr phfclcs `dkulhrcs prcbhornihkds, quc hkc`ès kc hadrrhr tnc`pd cf lh idfstruiinùf y `hfd kc dorh, ldgrcf dotcfcr cf uf sdld clc`cftd bufindfcs cstruiturhlcs hutdpdrthftcs, sn`plnbnihfkd lh cmciuinùf, dotcfncfkd hnslh`ncftd tîr`nid y hiýstnid, hl nguhl quc grhf vcrshtnlnkhk kc hihohkds. Sfh kc lhs `ès grhfkcs vcfthmhs cf cstc snstc`h, cs quc prcscfth uf id`pdrth`ncftd sns`d-rcsnstcftc hkciuhkd. Cstd sc kcoc h lh hiinùf idfmufth kc tdkds lds clc`cftds cstruiturhlcs (phfclcs) hl `d`cftd kcl sns`d. Cl snstc`h snstc`h Idfstruitnvd Idfstruitnvd C``ckuc C``ckuc cs idfsnkcrhkd cbnincftc cf iuhftd= iuhftd=
Cl CUY (pdlncstnrcfd cxphfknkd snftcrnzhkd), quc sc utnlnzh id`d `htcrnh prn`h cs uf `htcrnhl vcrnbnihkd y ilhsnbnihkd id`d hosdluth`cftc rcspctudsd kcl `cknd h`oncftc, idf ohmd n`phitd h`oncfthl. Cl snstc`h C``ckuc, C``ckuc, h ld lhrgd kc su inild kc kc vnkh, hscgurh ohmhs c`nsndfcs kc ID?, cvhluholcs idftrh cl snstc`h trhknindfhl cf ufh rckuiinùf kc hprdxn`hkh`cftc cl 25% Cl snstc`h C``ckuc, kurhftc tdkd su inild kc vnkh, vnkh, hscgurh uf hadrrd cfcrgîtnid kc hprdxn`hkh`cftc cl 75% cf rclhinùf idf cl snstc`h trhknindfhl.
Lh c`prcsh Uhfcidfs Ucrý cs cl prdvcckdr hutdrnzhkd kcl Ynstc`h Idfstruitnvd C``ckuc cf cl Ucrý. [cifdldgàh nthlnhfh, idf `ès kc 93 høds kc trhycitdrnh `ufknhl y `ès kc 23 plhfths dpcrhtnvhs hlrckckdr kcl `ufkd.
Buc hprdohkd idf _csdluinùf @nfnstcrnhl 5;3 ’ ?585 pdr cl @nfnstcrnd kc Rnvncfkh. Hkc`ès, iucfth idf lh Hprdohinùf ngfàbugh NKNC@ Ianlc ?582 y lh hprdohinùf id`d snstc`h hftnsàs`nid lucgd kc Cfshyds USIU.
NNN.9.8 Ilhsnbnihinùf kc prdkuitds Yc kcsirnocf h idftnfuhinùf lhs knstnfths tnpdldgàhs kc phfclcs C@@CKSC, lds rclhtnvds ih`pds kc hplnihinùf muftd idf sus `cknkhs cstèfkhr. Uuckcf scr rchlnzhkds phfclcs kc `cknkhs y cspcsdrcs cspcinhlcs cf ohsc h lh cxngcfinh rcqucrnkh pdr cl ilncftc.
Uhfcl sn`plc C``ckuc
Cl usd cstruiturhl kc cstc phfcl idfsnkcrh uf cspcsdr kc pdlncstnrcfd `àfn`d kc 3i` idf uf rcvdquc h ohsc kc ic`cftd kc 9.3 i` pdr ihrh idf ihrhitcràstnihs cstruiturhlcs kc ?35 khF/i`? kc rcsnstcfinh tàpnih h lh id`prcsnùf. Yc utnlnzh cf idfstruiindfcs kc ahsth ; pnsds id`d `èxn`d, nfilusd cf zdfhs sàs`nihs, hkc`ès kc cftrcpnsds. @hllh kc hicrd ghlvhfnzhkd= - Hicrd ldfgntuknfhl ?,3 d 9,3 `` ihkh 23 `` - Hicrd trhfsvcrshl ?,3 ihkh 23 `` - Hicrd kc idfcxnùf 9,5 `` Kcfsnkhk kc lh plhfiah kc pdlncstnrcfd kc 83 jg/`9 Cspcsdr kc lh plhfiah kc pdlncstnrcfd 3 i` Cspcsdr kc lh phrck tcr`nfhkh 8? i`, vhrnholc
N`hgcf fµ8= Yciinùf tàpnih kcl phfcl sn`plc
Uhfcl kdolc C``ckuc
Yc utnlnzh cf lh idfstruiinùf kc cknbninds. Id`phrhkd idf cl phfcl sn`plc phrh `urd cstruiturhl, cl phfcl kdolc tncfc ufh phrtniulhrnkhk `uy ýtnl, cs lh pdsnonlnkhk kc nfilunr idfirctd phrh bdr`hr ufh iclkh hlth`cftc
rcbdrzhkh ihphz kc ornfkhr rcsnstcfinh phrh sdlninthindfcs kc ihrghs clcvhkhs. @hllh cxtcrfh kc hicrd ghlvhfnzhkd= ?,3 d 9,3 `` ihkh 23 `` - Hicrd ldfgntuknfhl ?,3 ihkh 23 `` - Hicrd trhfsvcrshl - Hicrd kc idfcxnùf 9,5 `` @hllh kc hicrd nftcrfh= - Hicrd ldfgntuknfhl - Hicrd trhfsvcrshl
3,5 `` ihkh 855 `` 3,5 `` ihkh ?25 ``
Kcfsnkhk kc lh plhfiah kc pdlncstnrcfd kc ?3 jg/`9 Cspcsdr kc lh plhfiah kc pdlncstnrcfd vhrnholc kc 3 h 85 i` Cspcsdr kcl csphind nftcrndr vhrnholc kc 1 h ?5 i`
N`hgcf fµ?= Yciinùf tàpnih kcl phfcl kdolc
Uhfcl kc ldsh
Lds phfclcs phrh ldshs cstruiturhlcs idf fcrvhkurhs sdf utnlnzhkds cf lh rchlnzhinùf kc ldshs y iuoncrths kc cknbninds, idldihfkd phrh clld hicrd kc rcbucrzd cf lhs hocrturhs kc lhs fcrvhkurhs idrrcspdfkncftcs. idrrcspdfkncftcs. Udstcrndr h clld, sc rchlnzh cl vhinhkd kc idfirctd cf lh ihph supcrndr kcl phfcl y lh prdyciinùf kcl `drtcrd cf lh ihph nfbcrndr. Lh rcsnstcfinh `àfn`h h id`prcsnùf kcl idfirctd cs= b»i0?85 Jg/i`? y kcl `drtcrd b»`08;5 Jg/i`?. Cstds phfclcs iuorcf ufh luz `èxn`h kc >.35 ` y sc id`crinhlnzhf trcs tnpds kc phfclcs phrh ldshs, scgýf cl fý`crd kc fcrvhkurhs= scfinllh, kdolc y trnplc.
N`hgcf fµ9= Yciinùf tàpnih kcl phfcl ldsh l dsh kc fcrvhkurh kdolc
Uhfcl kc csihlcrh
Cstc phfcl cs idfstntunkd pdr uf oldquc kc pdlncstnrcfd cxphfknkd pcrbnlhkd cf plhfiahs, iuyh kn`cfsnùf cstè sumcth h lhs cxngcfinhs prdycithkhs y hr`hkd idf ufh kdolc `hllh kc hicrd cfsh`olhkh, ufnkh hl pdlncstnrcfd pdr `cknd kc fu`crdshs idsturhs idf idfcitdrcs kc hicrd sdlkhkds pdr clcitrd-busnùf. Cl phfcl cs hr`hkd idf lh nfscrinùf kc vngucths idf ohrrhs fcrvhkhs cf lds csphinds knspucstds quc sdf suicsnvh`cftc suicsnvh`cftc llcfhkds idf adr`ngùf. @hllh cxtcrfh kc hicrd ghlvhfnzhkd= - Hicrd ldfgntuknfhl ?,3 d 9,3 `` ihkh 23 `` - Hicrd trhfsvcrshl ?,3 ihkh 23 `` - Hicrd kc idfcxnùf 9,5 `` Kcfsnkhk kc lh plhfiah kc pdlncstnrcfd kc 83 jg/`9 _csnstcfinh hl bucgd _CN 8?5
N`hgcf fµ;= Uhfcl csihlcrh cstruiturhl
Uhfcl kc kcsihfsd
Cl phfcl kcsihfsd cs cl id`plc`cftd nkchl kcl phfcl csihlcrh. Cstè bdr`hkd pdr uf oldquc kc pdlncstnrcfd cxphfknkd, idf rhfurhs cf kds scftnkds phrh lh nfsthlhinùf kc lh hr`hkurh kc rcbucrzd, scgýf ièliuld y kc hiucrkd h lds rcqucrn`ncftds kcl knscød. Yc id`plcth cl phfcl idf `hllh clcitrd-sdlkhkh cf lhs ihrhs supcrndr c nfbcrndr ufnkhs `cknhftc idfcitdrcs kc hicrd kc hltd rcsnstcfinh sdlkhkds pdr clcitrd -busnùf. Yc id`plcth lh cstruiturh rcllcfhfkd idf idfirctd lds csphinds ahonlnthkds phrh cl rcbucrzd cstruiturhl.
@hllhs kc rcbucrzd
Lh `hllh kc rcbucrzd cs rchlnzhkh idf hicrd ghlvhfnzhkd, idf uf knè`ctrd kc ?.; ``, utnlnzèfkdsc phrh rcbdrzhr vhfds y cfiucftrds cf èfguld cftrc phfclcs, khfkd idftnfunkhk h lh `hllh cstruiturhl. Yc bnmhf hl phfcl idf h`hrrcs rchlnzhkds idf hlh`orcs kc hicrd d grhphs.
N`hgcf fµ3= @hllh hfgulhr phrh rcbucrzd cf csqunfh
N`hgcf fµ2= @hllh pcrbnlhkh cf S phrh pucrths y vcfthfhs
NNN.9.? Rcfthmhs y id`phrhinùf kc prdicsds idfstruitnvds idfstruitnvds kcl snstc`h C``ckuc brcftc h dtrds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds H idftnfuhinùf sc kcsirnonrè lh id`phrhinùf kcl snstc`h idfstruitnvd C@@CKSC brcftc h lds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds kc IDF[HNFC_Y y cl cl snstc`h idfstruitnvd idfvcfindfhl. Iuhkrd fµ8= Iuhkrd id`phrhtnvd cftrc cl YIFI C``ckuc y Idfthnfcrs
C@@CKSC
IDF[HNFC_Y
Hltd hnslh`ncftd tîr`nid y hiýstnid.
Ohmd hnslh`ncftd tîr`nid.
Clcvhkh rcsnstcfinh cstruiturhl, rcsnstcfinh h sns`ds y inildfcs.
Lh rcsnstcfinh cstruiturhl fd kcpcfkcrè kc sn `ns`h yh quc cs uf snstc`h hkhpthkd y kcoc cvnthrsc su idrrdsnùf.
Fd rcquncrc `hfd kc dorh cspcinhlnzhkh.
Cf cstc ihsd sn rcqucrnrè yh quc sus cstruiturhs phrh ufh pdsnolc h`plnhinùf kcocrè csthr sd`ctnkh h lds rcqucrn`ncftds cstèfkhrcs `àfn`ds kc ufh cknbnihinùf.
Hadrrd cf in`ncftds y phrtcs cstruiturhlcs, pdr scr `ès lnvnhfh lh dorh tcr`nfhkh.
Nfvcrsnùf cidfù`nih cf su hkhpthinùf h su fucvd usd id`d vnvncfkh. Hkc`ès kc prhitnihr uf kc rcbucrzd cstruiturhl sn qucrc`ds ahicr oncf lhs idshs.
Stnlnzhinùf nftcgrhl kc uf `ns`d snstc`h idfstruitnvd.
Fcicsnkhk kc ufh ohsc cstruiturh y hidrkc h su fucvh bnfhlnkhk.
Hptd phrh scr utnlnzhkd idf lds snstc`hs snstc`hs trhknindfhlcs.
Fd sc ahf sd`ctnkd h prucohs.
Uhfclcs kn`cfsndfhkds cf su ldfgntuk y cspcsdr scgýf sch pcknkd.
Fcicsnkhk kc hkhpthr cl prdycitd hrquntcitùfnid h lhs kn`cfsndfcs kc lds idftcfckdrcs.
Fd tncfc ln`nthftcs cf iuhftd hl cspcsdr y hlturhs kc lds phfclcs.
Yus ln`nthftcs sdf quc lds idftcfckdrcs yh vncfcf kn`cfsndfhkds cf iuhftd h sus hlturhs.
Iuhkrd fµ?= Iuhkrd id`phrhtnvd cftrc cl YIFI C``ckuc y cl Ynstc`h Idfvcfindfhl kc `urds pdrthftcs idf hlohønlcràh
C@@CKSC
YNY[C@H IDFRCFINDFHL
Hltd hnslh`ncftd tîr`nid y hiýstnid.
Udr lhs ihrhitcràstnihs kc lds `urds tncfcf uf oucf id`pdrth`ncftd hiýstnid pdr sà `ns`ds hl `hrgcf kc lh hyukh hpdrthkh pdr cl hnslh`ncftd nfidrpdrhkd.
Clcvhkh rcsnstcfinh cstruiturhl, rcsnstcfinh h sns`ds y inildfcs.
Hosdrinùf ln`nthkh.
Fd rcquncrc `hfd kc dorh cspcinhlnzhkh.
Cl snstc`h cs kc idfstruiinùf aý`ckh c n`plnih uf `hydr tnc`pd cf cl prdicsd kc idfstruiinùf, pcrd bhinlnth lhs `dknbnihindfcs sdorc cl knscød drngnfhl.
Hadrrd cf clc`cftds cstruiturhlcs, cstruiturhlcs, pdr scr `ès lnvnhfh lh dorh tcr`nfhkh.
Lds `urds kc lhkrnlld d oldqucs kc adr`ngùf tncfcf ufh oucfh ihphinkhk pdrthftc pdr ld quc sdf subnincftcs snf fnfgýf rcbucrzd hknindfhl phrh sdpdrthr ufh plhfth. Uhrh `ès hlturhs sc hid`phøh kc rcbucrzds d pnlhrcs.
Stnlnzhinùf nftcgrhl kc uf `ns`d snstc`h idfstruitnvd.
Cstc snstc`h idfstruitnvd puckc scr `nxtd, yh quc puckc mufthrsc idf dtrd tnpd kc snstc`h idfstruitnvd cftrc cllds cl C@@CKSC, krywhll, idfthnfcrs, cti.
Hptd phrh scr utnlnzhkd idf lds snstc`hs snstc`hs trhknindfhlcs.
Cs uf snstc`h cf cl quc cs bèinl nfidrpdrhr lh sdluinùf kc bhiahkhs vcftnlhkhs.
Uhfclcs kn`cfsndfhkds cf su ldfgntuk y cspcsdr scgýf sch pcknkd.
Sfnbdr`nkhk kc lhs kn`cfsndfcs
[ncfc ln`nthftcs cf iuhftd hl cspcsdr y hlturhs kc lds phfclcs.
Cl snstc`h tncfc `urds idf `hydr `hsh quc cl snstc`h kc `hkcrh y C@@CKSC ld quc pcr`ntc su utnlnzhinùf id`d hiu`ulhkdrcs kc ihldr kcftrd kc uf knscød ondiln`ètnid.
H idftnfuhinùf sc prcscfthf iuhkrds phrh id`phrhr lds phsds kcl prdicsd idfstruitnvd cftrc cl YIFI C``ckuc y cl Ynstc`h idfvcfindfhl kc `urds pdrthftcs idf hlohønlcràh= Iuhkrd fµ9= Iuhkrd id`phrhtnvd kc lds phsds idfstruitnvds kc in`cfthinùf
Ynstc`h trhknindfhl Ln`pnczh `hfuhl kcl tcrrcfd _cplhftcd y fnvclhinùf Cxihvhinùf phrh in`cfthinùf Hicrd kc rcbucrzd Rhinhkd kc idfirctd cf zhphths D RN
Cfidbrhkd phrh idlu`fhs [ I S F _ [
ÙN F
H
Rhinhkd kc idfirctd cf idlu`fhs I
Y [ D F
Kcscfidbrhkd kc idlu`fhs
I C D @N Y I C I
_cllcfd id`phithkd kc sucld
D _ U
Rhinhkd kc idfirctd cf in`cfthinùf
C``ckuc Ln`pnczh `hfuhl kcl tcrrcfd _cplhftcd y fnvclhinùf Hicrd kc rcbucrzd Idldihinùf kc tuocràhs phrh nfsthlhindfcs Doscrvhinùf= Cstds phsds kc in`cfthinùf cf C``ckuc sdf cf ihsd kc idfthr idf uf sucld kc `cknh ’ hlth rcsnstcfinh sàs`nih. Cf cl ihsd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, cl sucld cs grhvh hluvnhl.
Iuhkrd fµ;= Iuhkrd id`phrhtnvd kc lds phsds idfstruitnvds cstruiturhlcs
Ynstc`h trhknindfhl Hicrd kc rcbucrzds phrh idlu`fhs idlu`fhs Cfidbrhkd phrh idlu`fhs Rhinhkd kc idfirctd cf idlu`fhs Kcscfidbrhkd kc idlu`fhs Cfidbrhkd phrh vnghs y ldshs Hicrd kc rcbucrzd phrh vnghs vnghs D RN
@hllh kc tc`pcrhturh phrh ldsh [ I S H [ S
Rhinhkd kc vnghs y ldsh
_ _ Y [ F I
Kcscfidbrhkd kc vnghs y ldsh
D S I _ [ D Y Y C I
C
Idftrhpnsd kc idfirctd
U
_
D C``ckuc
[rhzhkd phrh phrckcs pdrthftcs Idldihinùf kc ianidtcs phrh phrck Idldihinùf, `dfthmc y hpufthlh`ncftd kc phfclcs Idldihinùf kc tuocràhs phrh nfsthlhindfcs Idldihinùf kc rcbucrzds cf phrck Idldihinùf, `dfthmc y hpufthlh`ncftd kc phfcl phrh ldsh Idldihinùf kc hicrd kc rcbucrzd cf ldsh
Iuhkrd fµ3= Iuhkrd id`phrhtnvd kc lds phsds idfstruitnvds kcl icrrh`ncftd
Ynstc`h trhknindfhl @h`pdstcràh Knftclcs kc idfirctd hr`hkd Idldihinùf kc tuocràhs phrh nfsthlhindfcs Unihkd kc `urd phrh nfsthlhindfcs D RN [ I D [
F
[hrrhmcd nftcrndr y cxtcrndr
S [ _ CN Y
Cfluinkd kc phrckcs
F @ D H I _ _ D
C``ckuc C
Y I C I D
Urdyciinùf kc 8µ ihph kc idfirctd _ U
Urdyciinùf kc ?µ ihph kc idfirctd Cfluinkd bnfhl kc phrckcs nftcrndr y cxtcrndr Idldihinùf kc idfirctd cf vngucths kc ldsh Urdyciinùf kc idfirctd cf ldsh
NNN.9.? Hplnihinùf kcl snstc`h C``ckuc cf phàscs Lhtnfdh`crnihfds Cl snstc`h C``ckuc, rcprcscfth ufh kc lhs grhfkcs rcspucsth tcifdlùgnihs `ès hkclhfthkhs y vcfthmdshs cf lh idfstruiinùf, rcspdfkncfkd h prdgrh`hs kc rchlnzhinùf nftcfsnvh kc vnvncfkhs cf cl è`ontd `ufknhl. Csth tcifdldgàh sc prdkuic cf 93 plhfths nfkustrnhlcs cf knbcrcftcs phàscs kc tdkds lds idftnfcftcs. Cf Lhtnfdh`îrnih, pdkc`ds nkcftnbnihr h lhs c`prcshs Brnkulsh y Adr`n? cf Ianlc, Ihsshbdr`h cf Hrgcftnfh, Ynkcphfcl cf Rcfczuclh, Urcidfsh y Idvnftci cf @îxnid y Uhfcidfs cf Ucrý.
IHYD IHØHKH HUH_NIND Cf cl hød ?58? cl @nfnstcrnd kc Rnvncfkh Rnvncfkh kc Sruguhy y lh Hlihlkàh kc @hlkdfhkd, rchlnzhrdf ufh cxpcrncfinh pnldtd idf cl YIFI C``ckuc cf cl ohrrnd kc Ihøhkh Hphrnind. Cl prdycitd idfsnstnù cf lh idfstruiinùf kc ? oldqucs kc 2 kcphrth`cftds kc 9 kdr`ntdrnds ihkh ufd, kcshrrdllhkds cf ufd y kds pnsds y hphrtc, 9 vnvncfkhs ufnbh`nlnhrcs kc 9 kdr`ntdrnds. Lh clciinùf kcl snstc`h cstuvd idfknindfhkh h kds bhitdrcs, scgýf scøhlh cl prd`dtdr kcl prdycitd, cl idstd kc lh idfstruiinùf y lhs ghrhftàhs kcl snstc`h. Cl snstc`h tncfc lh vcfthmh quc cxnstc pdid kcspcrknind kc `htcrnhl, tdkd sc hprdvciah, cstd hyukh h rckuinr idstds y tnc`pds kc cmciuinùf.
N`hgcf fµ7= Clcvhinùf kcl oldquc O kcl prdycitd pnldtd cf Ihøhkh Hphrnind
N`hgcf fµ1= Idfstruiinùf kcl prdycitd pnldtd cf Ihøhkh Hphrnind
U_D^CI[D KC RNRNCFKH CIDFÙ@NIH CF YHF[D KD@NFGD, _CU. KD@NFNIHFH
N`hgcf fµ>= Ulhfth kcl `ùkuld kc vnvncfkh ufnbh`nlnhr
N`hgcf fµ85= Clcvhindfcs kcl `ùkuld kc vnvncfkh ufnbh`nlnhr
IHUÀ[SLD NR= HFÈLNYNY ^ KN@CFYNDFH@NCF[D KCL KNY[_N[D KC YHF MSHF KC LS_NGHFIAD NR.8. Cxphfsnùf y ircin`ncftd kc lh inukhk kc Ln`h Cf 8>35, cl Ucrý subrc uf rèpnkd prdicsd kc urohfnzhinùf pdr lhs idftnfuhs `ngrhindfcs kcl nftcrndr kcl phàs ahinh lh ihpnthl Ln`h, gcfcrhkhs pdr lhs idfknindfcs kc hnslh`ncftd y htrhsd cxnstcftcs cf lhs prdvnfinhs, lh kcbnincftc pdlàtnih kc lh rcbdr`h hgrhrnh, lh hphrninùf kcl tcrrdrns`d, cl ircin`ncftd pdolhindfhl y lh bhlth kc trhohmd: cf thl idftcxtd fhic lh nfbdr`hlnkhk cf lh idfstruiinùf idf lds llh`hkds hscfth`ncftds au`hfds (ohrrnhkhs y pucolds mùvcfcs) cf cl fdrtc, sur y cstc kc lh inukhk kc Ln`h.
N`hgcf fµ88= @ngrhinùf kc pdolhkdrcs kc lh Yncrrh h lh inukhk kc Ln`h
N`hgcf fµ8?= Urdicsd kc cxphfsnùf kc lh inukhk kc Ln`h
NR.?. Cxphfsnùf y ircin`ncftd kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad Cl ircin`ncftd kc lh inukhk kc Ln`h pdr `ngrhindfcs prdvncfc kcl shlkd `ngrhtdrnd, quc cf cl pcràdkd ?55? ’ ?557 hlihfzù h 9?>,93> `ngrhftcs fctds.
Cl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, cf iuhftd h sus ihrhitcràstnihs bàsnid csphinhlcs, cvnkcfinh uf ircin`ncftd kcsdrkcfhkd y cxpldsnvd cf lhs ýltn`hs kîihkhs. Yc ihrhitcrnzh prnfinphl`cftc, pdr scr uf knstrntd idf ufh knstrnouinùf fd plhfnbnihkh kc lds clc`cftds bàsnids.
Cl knstrntd quc htrhmd lh `hydr ihftnkhk kc `ngrhftcs fctds kcl rcstd kcl phàs buc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, rcgnstrèfkdsc ;5 923 ahonthftcs.
Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad cfihoczh id`d cl knstrntd idf `hydr kîbnint tdthl kc vnvncfkh cf Ln`h @ctrdpdlnthfh. [ncfc uf kîbnint tdthl kc vnvncfkh quc hsincfkc h 913,;?9 ufnkhkcs, y lds knstrntds kc Ln`h Cstc idficftrhf lh `hydr phrtc kc cstc kîbnint idf 8?1,379 ufnkhkcs.
N`hgcf fµ89= Urdicsd kc cxphfsnùf kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad ’ Bucftc kcl Ulhf Nftcgrhl kc Kcshrrdlld Idficrthkd kc YML ?58;
N`hgcf fµ8;= Kîbnint kc vnvncfkh pdr èrch nftcrknstrnthl ’ Bucftc kcl Ulhf @ctrdpdlnthfd kc kcshrrdlld urohfd kc Ln`h
NR.9. Cl lughr= Ihftd _cy NR.9.8 Khtds gcfcrhlcs Knstrntd= Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad Urdvnfinh= Ln`h Kcphrth`cftd Kcphrth`cftd Ln`h Knspdsntnvd kc Irchinùf= Lcy Frd. Kcl Knspdsntnvd kc Irchinùf= 8291? Bciah kc Irchinùf= 89/58/8>27 Ihpnthl= Yhf Muhf Kc Lurnghfiad Hlturh ihpnthl (`.s.f.`.)= ?53 Udolhinùf Icfshkh ?557= 1>1;;9 Yupcrbninc (J`?)= 898.?3 Kcfsnkhk kc Udolhinùf (Aho/J`?)= 21;3.9
NR.9.? Hftcickcftcs kc lh zdfh Cl hscfth`ncftd au`hfd Ihftd _cy cs ufd kc lds cmc`plds kc urohfnzhinùf pdpulhr kc Ln`h @ctrdpdlnthfh, quc muftd idf Auhyihf y Uh`phs kc Yhf Muhf, idfbdr`hrdf lds Urdycitds @ufninphlcs kc Rnvncfkh kc nfninds kcl pcrndkd 8>15-8>>5, antds kc lh phrtninphinùf kc lh pdolhinùf cf lh sdluinùf kcl prdolc`h kc lh vnvncfkh cf Ln`h @ctrdpdlnthfh.
Cstc fucvd tnpd kc ahonthftcs ’ knbcrcftc hl quc prdpnind cl nfirc`cftd pdolhindfhl cf lh kîihkh kcl 35 (c`plchkds pýolnids) d h lh kcl 25 (pdolhinùf `ngrhftc)- tcfàh id`d prnfinphl ihrhitcràstnih quc cf uf 73% sc kcknihoh hl id`crind `nfdrnsth d h`oulhtdrnd y id`d rhsgd sdinhl prckd`nfhftc pcrtcfciàh h ufh scgufkh gcfcrhinùf kc `ngrhftcs hfknfds. Cl pcrndkd 8>15-8>>5, rcprcscfth cl fhin`ncftd kc lhs hituhlcs ihrhitcràstnihs kc lh drghfnzhinùf kcl tcrrntdrnd kcl knstrntd. Ldtcs ufnbh`nlnhrcs rcithfgulhrcs, idf ufh trh`h drtdgdfhl, kncrdf drngcf h ufh tnpdldgàh kc cknbninds hkciuhkh h uf tcrrcfd plhfd, sn`nlhrcs cmc`plds sc puckcf doscrvhr cf lds knstrntds kc Yhf @hrtàf kc Udrrcs c Nfkcpcfkcfinh. Cl pcrndkd 8>>5 - ?555 cstè ihrhitcrnzhkd pdr lh diuphinùf kc lhs lhkcrhs kc icrrds, hkyhicftcs h lhs pdihs èrchs plhfhs kc csth zdfh kcl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad, kdfkc fd cxnstnù cl kconkd idftrdl, thftd nfstntuindfhl id`d kc lhs drghfnzhindfcs vcinfhlcs, pcr`ntncfkd lh diuphinùf nfknsirn`nfhkh y fd drghfnzhkh kc cstds tcrrcfds.
NR.9.9 Urdolc`ètnih sdinhl Nfhkciuhkh hiicsnonlnkhk hl trèfsntd pchtdfhl y vcaniulhr kconkd h lh nfsubnincftc nfbrhcstruiturh vnhl. Ydld sc cfiucftrh hsbhlthkh ufh sdlh vàh lh Hv. Yhf @hrtnf Kc Udrrcs.
Bhlth kc èrchs vcrkcs y rcirchtnvhs.
Bhlth kc scgurnkhk cf lh zdfh, ohmd fnvcl iulturhl cf lh pdolhinùf rcsnkcftc y bhlth kc dpdrtufnkhkcs lhodrhlcs.
Fd iucfthf idf tdkds lds scrvninds oèsnids hkciuhkds, cf hlgufhs zdfhs fd iucfthf idf fnfgufd.
NR.9.; ]dfnbnihinùf Cl èrch kc trhth`ncftd fdr`htnvd knbcrcfinhkd µ8 (h`hrnlld) cstè id`prcfknkh pdr lds snguncftcs knstrntds Ihrhohylld, Uucftc Unckrh, Id`hs, Lds Dlnvds, Nfkcpcfkcfinh, Yhf @hrtnf kc Udrrcs, _à`hi, Yhf Muhf KC Lurnghfiad, Icrihkd kc Ln`h, Cl Hgustnfd, Htc, Yhfth Hfnth, Yhf Muhf kc @nrhbldrcs, Rnllh @hràh kcl [rnufbd, Rnllh cl Yhlvhkdr.
Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad hl cfidftrhrsc kcftrd kc csc scitdr tncfc id`d domctnvd cf iuhftd h zdfnbnihinùf sc rcbncrc rcb ncrc ld snguncftc= Kcfsnbnihinùf Kcfsnbnihinùf _cgulhkh. @hydr id`phtnonlnkhk idf dtrhs hitnvnkhkcs.
N`hgcf fµ83= Èrch kc trhth`ncftd fdr`htnvd
NR.9.3 Rulfcrhonlnkhk sàs`nih Cf cl ?55; sc rchlnzù uf cstuknd kc zdfnbnihinùf cf ;? knstrntds kc Ln`h phrh lh Hsdinhinùf Ucruhfh kc C`prcshs kc Ycgurds, quc cs lh ohsc phrh lds cstuknds pdstcrndrcs quc INY@NK ah rchlnzhkd kcskc cl ?585 h trhvîs kcl Urdgrh`h kcl Urdgrh`h kc Gcstnùf [crrntdrnhl kcl @nfnstcrnd kc Rnvncfkh y cl Urdgrh`h Urcsupucsthl 5521 _ckuiinùf 5521 _ckuiinùf kc Rulfcrhonlnkhk y Htcfinùf kc C`crgcfinhs pdr Kcshstrcs kcl @nfnstcrnd kc Cidfd`àh. Ycgýf lds cstuknds kc @nirdzdfnbnihinùf Yàs`nih rchlnzhkds, lds knstrntds `ès vulfcrholcs pdr cl tnpd kc sucld sdf Rnllh cl Yhlvhkdr, Iadrrnllds, Lh @dlnfh y Rcfthfnllh. @ncftrhs quc pdr lh ihftnkhk kc vnvncfkhs hutdidfstrunkhs, Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad cs ufd kc lds knstrntds quc idrrc `hydr rncsgd hftc uf sns`d.
N`hgcf fµ82= @hph kc Rulfcrhonlnkhk sàs`nih
N`hgcf fµ87= @hph kc Idfsdlnkhinùf urohfh
Cf Ln`h prckd`nfhf lhs cknbnihindfcs kc hlohønlcràh idfbnfhkh idf cstruiturhs kc idfirctd y hlohønlcràh pdr `urd pdrthftc. Lh`cftholc`cftc cf lh pcrnbcrnh kc lh inukhk sc ah hutdidfstrunkd cf ohsc h cstc snstc`h idfstruitnvd, snf hsnstcfinh tîifnih. Lh kcfsnbnihinùf kc csths vnvncfkhs snf uf idftrdl hkciuhkd hu`cfth lh vulfcrhonlnkhk kc csths vnvncfkhs hftc pclngrds id`d sns`ds d kcslnzh`ncftds. Cf hlgufhs zdfhs kc Rcfthfnllh, Rnllh Cl Yhlvhkdr d Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad prckd`nfhf vnvncfkhs kc cstcrh y `hkcrh, snf c`ohrgd, th`onîf lhs cfidftrh`ds, cf lhs dtrhs zdfhs pcrnbîrnihs kc lh inukhk.
NR.9.2 Cqunph`ncftd kc lh zdfh Cl irntcrnd kc cstholcin`ncftd cf rclhinùf h lhs idfknindfcs kcl tcrrcfd y hl cftdrfd, n`plnih quc cl cqunph`ncftd urohfd sc idftc`plc cf lh phrtc ohmh kc lh lhkcrh, idf ld iuhl sc irchràh ufh zdfh kdfkc fd sdld puckh hiickcr lh pdolhinùf kcl prdycitd snfd th`onîf lh pdolhinùf kcl lughr, kcftrd kc lhs ihrhitcràstnihs prnfinphlcs phrh ihkh cqunph`ncftd idftc`plh`ds=
Whwhwhsn Uhrh cstc cqunph`ncftd kc ihrèitcr ckuihtnvd kc tnpd iufh/nfninhl, sc ah idfsnkcrhkd uf vhldr phrh ahllhr uf kctcr`nfhkd grupd kc bh`nlnhs idf ococs. Kc csth `hfcrh, sc ahllh ufh pdolhinùf scrvnkh quc hsn`ns`d puckc id`plc`cfthrsc idf lh pdolhinùf kcl cftdrfd kcl prdycitd. Yc idfsnkcrhf hulhs phrh cl iunkhkd kc lds `cfdrcs, hsà id`d èrchs kc kcsihfsd, hkc`ès kc scrvninds phrh lh prcphrhinùf kc hln`cftds y lds rcspcitnvds scrvninds angnîfnids.
Icftrd id`ufhl Yc idfsnkcrh phrh cl usd kc tdkh lh pdolhinùf h lh iuhl vh knrngnkh cl prdycitd y hkc`ès phrh lds ahonthftcs kc lh zdfh, sc tncfc cf idfsnkcrhinùf quc lh `hydràh kc lds ahonthftcs kc lh zdfh sdf `ngrhftcs kc lh phrtc fdrtc kcl phàs cs pdr clld quc sc idftc`plhf h`oncftcs phrh lh rchlnzhinùf kc bncsths phtrdfhlcs, hkc`ès sc tncfcf cf idfsnkcrhinùf hulhs phrh cl kcshrrdlld kc hitnvnkhkcs `hfuhlcs. Udr ýltn`d kcftrd kcl icftrd id`ufhl sc ircyù idfvcfncftc lh n`plc`cfthinùf kc uf kcphrth`cftd kc Kcbcfsdràh kcl Uucold phrh quc puckh ornfkhrlcs tdkd tnpd kc hyukh iuhfkd lds ahonthftcs ld rcquncrhf.
@crihkd Cf vnsth kc quc sc cstè kcfsnbnihfkd lh zdfh crh idfvcfncftc n`plc`cfthr uf `crihkd, cl iuhl vh h shtnsbhicr lhs fcicsnkhkcs kc lds fucvds ahonthftcs kc lh zdfh, vh h gcfcrhr fucvds pucstds kc trhohmd lds iuhlcs puckcf scr diuphkds pdr lds fucvds nftcgrhftcs kcl “ohrrnd‐, hkc`ès vh h knfh`nzhr lh zdfh y gcfcrhrh hitnvnkhkcs. [rhcrè prdgrcsd.
Uucstd kc shluk Yc idfsnkcrh cstc cqunph`ncftd pdr lh fcicsnkhk kc `cmdrhr lhs idfknindfcs kc shluk kc lh pdolhinùf y tcfcr uf cstholcin`ncftd icrihfd h lh vnvncfkh. Uhrh cstd sc tncfc cf idfsnkcrhinùf h tdkh lh pdolhinùf h lh iuhl vh knrngnkd cl prdycitd. Yc cfiucftrhf lds scrvninds fcicshrnds phrh htcfkcr lhs c`crgcfinhs kc lds phincftcs, hlgd hsà id`d uf adspnthl kc lh sdlnkhrnkhk.
Èrchs vcrkcs Yc tncfcf cf idfsnkcrhinùf phrh rcirchinùf kc lds ahonthftcs kc lh zdfh, phrh quc mucgucf lds `ès pcqucøds kc ihkh fýilcd bh`nlnhr, pdr dtrd lhkd snrvc id`d uf “pcqucød pul`ùf‐ kc lh zdfh lh iuhl ihrcic kc èrchs kc cstc tnpd.
IHUÀ[SLD R
HFÈLNYNY KCL SYSH_ND
R.8. Ucrbnl sdindcidfù`nid Idf uf kîbnint tdthl kc vnvncfkhs kc 3>,>7> vnvncfkhs, cl knstrntd kc Yhf Muhf kc Lurnghfiad cfihoczh lhs zdfhs idf `hydr kîbnint cf Ln`h @ctrdpdlnthfh, yh quc idficftrh cl 83.32% kcl tdthl, scgýf nfbdr`hinùf kcl ULH@ ?593. Yc ah cstn`hkd quc cl kîbnint iuhlnthtnvd cf Ln`h cstè hlrckckdr kc ?35,555 ufnkhkcs y cl kîbnint iuhftnthtnvd hlrckckdr kc 877,555, ld iuhl fds llcvh h tcfcr quc plhftchr knstnfths cstrhtcgnhs cf cl plhf phrh pdkcr fd sdld gcfcrhr vnvncfkh fucvh snfd th`onîf `cmdrhr lhs idfknindfcs kc lhs quc yh cxnstcf. Ihoc scøhlhr quc cl kîbnint iuhftnthtnvd idrrcspdfkc h lh fcicsnkhk kc idfthr idf ufh vnvncfkh fucvh, `ncftrhs quc cl iuhlnthtnvd sc rcbncrc h lhs idfknindfcs kc lhs vnvncfkhs cxnstcftcs pcrd quc sdf kcbnincftcs y tncfcf quc scr `cmdrhkhs cf cstruiturhs, scrvninds y ahonthonlnkhk.
R.?. Id`pdsninùf kcl adghr
Ycgýf id`pdsninùf=
Adghr fuilchr snf anmds= phrcmh snf anmds y snf dtrds bh`nlnhrcs. Adghr fuilchr idf anmds= phrcmh idf anmds y snf dtrds bh`nlnhrcs. bh`nlnhrcs . Adghr fuilchr `dfd phrcfthl= hkultd idf anmds y snf dtrds bh`nlnhrcs. Adghr h`plnhkd/ id`pucstd. Adghr ufnpcrsdfhl= hkultd sdld.
Ycgýf inild kc vnkh=
Fnkd/ vhinù= phrcmh snf anmds Nfnind= phrcmh d hkultd idf anmds `cfdrcs kc 3 høds. Cxphfsnùf= phrcmh d hkultd idf anmds cftrc 2 y 88 høds.
Idfsdlnkhinùf= phrcmh d hkultd idf anmds cftrc 8? y 87 høds. Csthonlnzhinùf= phrcmh d hkultd idf `cfdrcs y `hydr h 81 høds. Kcs`c`orh`ncftd= phrcmh d hkultd idf anmds `hydrcs h 81 høds. Ynf fnkd= hkultd sdld idf dtrds bh`nlnhrcs. Sfnpcrsdfhl= hkultd sdld.
R.9. Ihrhitcràstnihs kc lh vnvncfkh Ycgýf cstuknds rchlnzhkds cf cl hscfth`ncftd au`hfd Ihftd _cy quckd kc`dstrhkd quc `dkhlnkhk prckd`nfhftc cs lh hutdidfstruiinùf y cl hpdyd d knrciinùf tîifnih rcihc cf lds bh`nlnhrcs kcknihkds h lh idfstruiinùf cf cl >5% kc lds ihsds, y 85% cf cl `ns`d prdpncthrnd. Hsn`ns`d phrh lh idfstruiinùf, sùld cl 75% cs cmciuthkd pdr cl hlohønl ld quc cs id`plc`cfthkd idf lh nftcrvcfinùf kc lds bh`nlnhrcs (95%). Cf iuhftd hl bnfhfinh`ncftd kc lhs vnvncfkhs, cl 85% scøhlh quc cl `cihfns`d sdf sus hadrrds prdpnds y uf >5% sc nfilnfh cf lh pdsnonlnkhk kc prîsth`ds csththlcs. Cxnstc uf 3% kc lhs vnvncfkhs cf lh phrtc ohmh, quc ahf snkd idfstrunkhs phrh uf usd `ultnbh`nlnhr. Ynf c`ohrgd, cxnstc uf hltd pdricfthmc kc ih`onds kc tcfcfinh, hprdxn`hkh`cftc uf ?3% kc lhs vnvncfkhs fd sdf diuphkhs pdr lds bufkhkdrcs kc lh phrtc ohmh, ld quc cvnkcfinh quc sc ah rchlnzhkd hlgýf tnpd kc trhfshiinùf id`crinhl . Cl èrch kc ldtc prd`cknd cs kc 8?5 `?. ^ cl fý`crd kc pnsds prd`cknd kc 8 pnsd, sùld uf cknbnind pdscc ; pnsds kc hlturh, sncfkd îstc cl fý`crd `hydr kc pnsds `èxn`d cf lh zdfh. Lh kcfsnkhk oruth phrh cl quc buc knscøhkd crh kc 955 Aho. /Ah. Idf uf idcbnincftc `èxn`d kc cknbnihinùf kc 8.1. Yùld uf85% kc lhs vnvncfkhs iucfthf idf uf pnsd tcr`nfhkd, uf 75% bhlsd pnsd, y uf ?5% idf pnsd kc tncrrh hpnsdfhkd. Cl 855% iucfthf idf cfcrgàh clîitrnih hl nftcrndr kc lh vnvncfkh (cxicptd cl ihsd kc lds hbcithkds pdr cl hfnlld vnhl y lh 3[h zdfh). Cl 75% iucfthf idf uf scrvnind angnîfnid (hihohkds `àfn`ds) hl nftcrndr kc lh vnvncfkh, uf 3% idf kds scrvninds angnîfnids y uf ?3% idf uf scrvnind angnîfnid cf idfknindfcs fd ùptn`hs kc `hftcfn`ncftd (ihrcicf kc pucrth, hguh idrrncftc y kuiah).
IHUÀ[SLD RNN
IDFILSYNDFCY
Lhs idfilusndfcs bnfhlcs kcl trhohmd sdf quc cl snstc`h idfstruitnvd nfkustrnhlnzhkd (C``ckuc), idfbdr`hf snf kukh ufh `cmdr dpinùf quc lds snstc`hs idfstruitnvds idfvcfindfhlcs cf lds hspcitds kc `cknd h`oncftc, ihlnkhk kc `htcrnhlcs, plhzd kc dorh, scgurnkhk lhodrhl, idstd tdthl (phrh prdycitds kc grhf vdlu`cf y rcpctntnvds), y cstruiturhl (`ùkulds idf rcbucrzd hknindfhl).
Cf cl hspcitd cidfù`nid sc ah kc`dstrhkd quc cl idstd ufnthrnd kc uf snstc`h idfstruitnvd nfkustrnhlnzhkd (C``ckuc) cs `uiad `cfdr cf id`phrhinùf idf cl snstc`h idfvcfindfhl (Hlohønlcràh) y quc pdr idfsciucftc lh `cmdr dpinùf cs uf snstc`h idfstruitnvd nfkustrnhlnzhkd pdr su oucf bufindfh`ncftd cstruiturhl, prdpnckhk kc sus `htcrnhlcs, bèinl `hfcmd, su rhpnkcz cf cl trhfspdrtc, su rèpnkh nfsthlhinùf, prdtciinùf kcl `cknd h`oncftc y su ohmd idstd. H pcshr quc cl Ucrý Srohfd prcscfth `cmdr nfgrcsd `àfn`d bh`nlnhr `cfsuhl quc cl Ucrý _urhl, cstc ýltn`d tncfc lh grhf vcfthmh kc tcfcr lds `cmdrcs prcinds kc tcrrcfds y idf cl ircin`ncftd quc sc vncfc tcfncfkd cf lhs ihpnthlcs kcphrth`cfthlcs sc pdkràh kcinr quc tcfkrc`ds ufh cxpldsnùf kc prdycitds kc vnvncfkh kc nftcrîs sdinhl cf ihsn tdkhs lds kcphrth`cftds kcl phàs. Hkc`ès lds l ds idfstruitdrcs y kcshrrdllhkdrcs sc vcrèf dolnghkds h ousihr fucvhs hltcrfhtnvhs cfbdihkhs cf lh nffdvhinùf, cf cl ih`pd kc lh idfstruiinùf y cf lds knscøds kconkd h quc cl phàs fcicsnth `cmdrhr sus FYC `ès ohmds phrh khr ufh csthonlnkhk cidfù`nih h ihkh bh`nlnh. Idf lds khtds quc sc tncfcf kcl prdgrh`h fhindfhl kc vnvncfkh B@R, y trhohmhfkd cf idfmuftd idf cl csthkd cf ld quc sdf lhs cstrhtcgnhs phrh hkqunrnr csths vnvncfkhs sdinhlcs knrngnkds h lds bdids kc `hydr kîbnint nf`donlnhrnd, pdr ld quc uf fucvd YIFI hid`phøhkd kc ufh oucfh cstrhtcgnh kc prd`dinùf pdkràh scr ufh grhf sdluinùf hftc cstc kîbnint ahonthindfhl quc cxnstc cf lds FYC kc `cfdr nfgrcsd bh`nlnhr kcl Ucrý. Ihoc rcshlthr quc cl hspcitd cstruiturhl cs uf bhitdr quc fd ln`nth cl usd kc lds `ùkulds cf zdfhs idf grhf hitnvnkhk sàs`nih, yh quc cstc tnpd kc `htcrnhl cstè aciad phrh phrh rcsnstnr, snf c`ohrgd c`ohrgd sn sc lcs lcs hgrcghf hgrcghf rcbucrzds rcbucrzds hknindfhlcs hknindfhlcs nftcgrhkds, pdkràhf c`plchrsc snf fnfgýf prdolc`h, cftdfics ld `ès idfvcfncftc scgýf lhs ihrhitcràstnihs sàs`nihs kcl Ucrý, cs lh idfstruiinùf kc `ùkulds phrh vnvncfkhs fd cscfinhlcs kc ahsth ; pnsds, snfd ahsth ? pnsds id`d quc cs ld pcr`ntnkd y hprdohkd scgýf lh _csdluinùf @nfnstcrnhl 5;3 ’ ?585 pdr cl @nfnstcrnd kc Rnvncfkh kcl Ucrý y su utnlnzhinùf utnlnzhinùf sc kcoc kcoc cfbdihr cf rckuinr cl kîbnint kc vnvncfkh cf lhs zdfhs `ès pdorcs kc cstc phàs, phrh cl ihsd kc cknbninds kc `ès kc ; pnsds ld nkchl cs hfilhr lds `ùkulds h phrtnr kc uf pnsd supcrndr kc uf cknbnind idfstrunkd idf hlgýf snstc`h cstruiturhl hicpthkd pdr lh fdr`h sns`drrcsnstcftc kcl Ucrý, dtrh dpinùf cs lh kc idfstrunr uf clc`cftd ràgnkd vcrtnihl cxtcrndr quc fd pcr`nth cl kcsplhzh`ncftd lhtcrhl kc lds `ùkulds prdkuinkd pdr bucrzhs sàs`nihs d th`onîf sc puckc nfsthlhr rcbucrzds kc idfirctd cf cl pcrà`ctrd kc lds `ùkulds phrh rngnknzhr `ès lh cstruiturh, tdkhs csths hltcrfhtnvhs sc kcocf `dkclhkhs idf prdgrh`hs cstruiturhlcs phrh shocr sn lh cstruiturh rcbdrzhkh pdkrè rcsnstnr lhs ihrghs hituhftcs. Cf cl hspcitd id`crinhl, uf snstc`h idfstruitnvd nfkustrnhlnzhkd `dkulhr cftrhrè cf id`pctcfinh hl `crihkd iuhfkd sc rckuzih cl prcind kc vcfth kc lds `ùkulds, pcrd cstd sùld scrè rcftholc iuhfkd lds prdycitds schf kc grhf
vdlu`cf y rcpctntnvds kc csth `hfcrh lh c`prcsh puckc hscgurhr quc su nfvcrsnùf nfninhl fd buc cf vhfd. Cf iuhftd hl tcrrcfd kdfkc sc kcshrrdllhrè cl prdycitd cs kc vnthl n`pdrthfinh phrh cl îxntd kcl `ns`d, lhs hiindfcs kc csidgcr y kctcr`nfhr lh uonihinùf kcl prcknd csthrèf cf bufinùf kc `uiahs ihrhitcràstnihs y idfknindfcs quc cfvuclvcf ihkh pdsnolc cftdrfd hfhlnzhkd, phrh dotcfcr y hlihfzhr lds `cmdrcs `èrgcfcs kc vnvncfkh ufnbh`nlnhr h ohmd idstd tcfkrc`ds quc hfhlnzhr ihkh ufh kc lhs ihrhitcràstnihs id`d phrè`ctrds urohfàstnids, tnpd kc tcrrcfd, tnpd kc sucld, idfknindfcs lcghlcs y dtrhs ihrhitcràstnihs quc `cfindfh`ds h ld lhrgd kcl trhohmd. [h`onîf cs kc grhf n`pdrthfinh lh nfbdr`hinùf sdorc lds plhfcs kc cxphfsnùf urohfh quc tcfkrè cl gdoncrfd pucstd quc sdf dpdrtufnkhkcs quc sc hmusthf h fucstrhs cstrhtcgnhs kc dpdrtufnkhkcs, trhthfkd kc llcghr h rchlnzhr prdycitds kc grhf cfvcrghkurhs cf hiucrkds idf cl Csthkd, idf cstd sc pdkràh hlihfzhr grhfkcs rcfthonlnkhkcs sn sc ldgrhf suosnknds kc tcrrcfds d sc llcghf h hiucrkds idf lds prdpncthrnds. Dtrd rhsgd n`pdrthftc sdf lds hfèlnsns kc lh ihonkh, phrh ihkh tnpd kc snstc`h idfstruitnvd quc sc kcscc hfhlnzhr, pcrd snc`prc sc kcoc tcfcr cf iucfth quc lds YIFI hpdrthràhf `hydrcs rcfthonlnkhkcs cf lhs vnvncfkhs kc nftcrîs sdinhl. Bnfhl`cftc cf cl hspcitd kc scgurnkhk lhodrhl sc ah id`prdohkd quc iuhfkd sc hplnih uf snstc`h idfstruitnvd nfkustrnhlnzhkd `dkulhr cl rncsgd phrh lds dorcrds sc rckuic fdtdrnh`cftc cf id`phrhinùf idf cl usd kc uf snstc`h idfstruitnvd idfvcfindfhl, y sùld sc rcsu`c cf cl rncsgd kcl nzhkd kc lds `ùkulds y lds trhohmds kc cfsh`olhmc kc `ùkulds cf hlturh.
ONOLNDGHBÀH LCDF _D@C_D, IH_LDY / RNLLDF IAHFG, BLHRNH (?582) Cstuknd kc Urc Bhitnonlnkhk kc uf prdycitd Nf`donlnhrnd kc Rnvncfkh Ydinhl idfstrunkd idf Ynstc`hs Fd Idfvcfindfhlcs (CRG-9K y C@@CKSC). [csns phrh cl grhkd kc
@hgnstcr cf Gcstnùf y Knrciinùf kc C`prcshs idfstruitdrhs. Ln`h= Udftnbninh Sfnvcrsnkhk Ihtùlnih kcl Ucrý. YNY[C@H IDFY[_SI[NRD C@@CKSC @HFSHL DUC_H[NRD (?585) Nthlnh= C``ckuc Y.U.H RCLH_KC, ACI[D_ (8>;2) Hrquntciturh Ucruhfh. Ckntdrnhl= Bdfkd kc iulturh cidfù`nih C@@CKSC, HKRHFICK OSNLKNFG Y^Y[C@
