Descripción: Solicitud de constitución en actor civil en el delito de lesiones culposas - accidente de tránsito
They are models of demands to become a civil partyDescripción completa
Full description
Full description
Full description
Descripción completa
Alberto Kurapel performerDescripción completa
una Breve reseña sobre el Concepto de Dramaturgia del actor De Eugenio BarbaDescripción completa
Chejov al actor
An old but still very available and great book by russian acting master Stanislavski. The book was written in 1936, It contains many acting techniques and helpful theory for actors. It is a useful ...Full description
NUEVO CÓDIGO PROCESAL PENAL PERÚ NCPP ACTOR CIVIL CONSTITUCIÓN DE ACTOR CIVIL OAF OMISIÓN A LA ASISTENCIA FAMILIARDescripción completa
Sobre la actuación a lo largo de la historia
Sobre la actuación a lo largo de la historiaDescripción completa
desco
PAPER PAPER IV -GENERAl STUDIES- III TOPIC:
Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security.
India was partitioned in the backdrop of large communal riots.Since independence the internal stability is sporadically disturbed which is contributed b y many factors. India’s internal security is manifestation of internal weakness and external attempts. State actor can be defined as person/person’s or entity who is acting on behalf of state. They are acting on behalf of goernment. These are appointed directly by state who represent on international platform. !on-state actor’s are the entities that are not part of established goernment of the state. They are not directly employed by the state but hae independent ideological existence or some times backed by state. They exercise sufficient power to bring about change in international relation of two or more state. !on-state actor act as p roxy element generally employed by state. In case of unlawful actiities or iolation of international agreement they proide a degree of deniability to state. ".g#-!$% considered part of ciil society in case of opposition at &aitapur pro&ect '( )S !$%* - +!, companies financial fraud in dumping to create instability in economics -rmed group* "thnic religious*State funded cyber attacksetc. CONSTITUIONAL PROVISION FOR SAFEGAURDING INTERNAL SECURITY:
The seenth schedule of Indian constitution contains public order’ and police’ as state sub&ect. rticle 00 of the ,onstitution en&oins the )nion to protect eery State against external aggression and internal disturbance and to ensure that the $oernment of eery State is carried on in accordance with the proisions of the,onstitution.The responsibility of the internal security mainly rest with the union ministry of home affairs.)nion goernment can issue directions to the state under u nder rticles 102-103. ction ction for non-compliance of the directions from the )nion goernment can be taken under rticle 40. state goernment can be dismissed under rticle 04* if a situation arises in which the administration of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the proisions of the ,onstitution. national emergency can be declared under rticle 01. INTERNAL SECURITY CHALLENGES #
If we diide the internal security challenges into following main groups* to include* 5ammu and 6ashmir* !ortheast India* 7eft 8ing "xtremism and Terrorism Terrorism in the 9interland* creating public pub lic disorder and law and order problems through communal and secessionist tendency. Some of these challenges are direct manifestation of state across the border.The close linkages of the ISI and such groups are well documented docu mented as is their direct inolement in attacks like 14 /::. These groups aim to not only create instability in states like 5;6* the y also hae a larger aim of
destabilising the country. This is done through sporadic terrorist strikes* which spreads terror and panic. This could also adersely affect the ability of the Indian state to pursue economic modernisation. The flooding of the country with counterfeits is also a way of weakening the economy. South sia comprises of seen independent states* with oer one sixth of world
India’s open democratic system* &udiciary and socio>political setting proides hostile agencies wide ranging opportunities to exploit contentious political issues and local tensions. . 9i?b-ul+u&ahideen @9)+A* 7ashker-e-Toiba @7"TA and 5ammu and 6ashmir Islamic Bront @Ahae expanded their operations to Celhi* +aharashtra*$u&arat* ).D.* 9aryana and Dun&ab. ISI@state actorsA agents hae also cultiated transborder operators and couriers for smuggling of arms and explosies ia Dun&ab* 5 ; 6* Ra&asthan and $u&arat. It has also established espionage networks in different parts of the country. fter Dun&ab and 5;6* it has now intensified its actiities in the !orth "ast exploiting local insurgencies. ISI is increasingly targeting the minority community in the Southern states to subert their loyalty* while 6arnataka and 6erala hae become prone to smuggling* Tamil !adu and ndhra Dradesh hae been targetted for subersion. The State of 5ammu ; 6ashmir @5;6A facing challenges# -affected by terrorist and secessionist -iolence* sponsored and supported from across -penetrable border security -discourage youth from &oining the militancy group .
INDIA NEPAL BANGLADESH CREATING INTERNAL SECURITY CHALLENGES
#-
Indo > !epal and Indo > 'angladesh borders is a design contried by ISI with the help of sympathetic elements in 'angladesh to step up sub ersie actiities in the !orth "ast. The muslim pockets hae become the breeding ground for mafia* smugglers* gun running* hawala transactions. narco-trafficking* influx of fake Indian currency and terrorist actiities There is direct link between drug trafficking and terrorism. The $olden ,rescent is a ma&or source of heroine and hashish for the 8est* which is smuggled through the Indo-Dak border. The ISI has been using these established channels for smuggling of arms and explosies* which has proided terrorism greater teeth. In an interiew to Washington Post @:1 September :EEFA !awa? Sharif mentioned ISI plans to use drug money to support militancy. The $olden triangle produces oer :GGG tons of opium which is refined into ery high grade heroin. Hery little of it is sei?ed in the !orth "ast due to ineffectie sureillance and enforcement. clear indicator of the likely illegal narcotic trade in the !orth"ast is the high incidence of drug addition and abuse in +anipur* +i?oram* ssam and runachal Dradesh. Similarly* open Indo-!epal border is the main source of 9ashish. +oney is then pushed through banking channels by way of gifts* donations and trade accounts. This also helps in tax easion and is well manipulated by professional facilitators like chartered accountants* auditors* lawyers and traders. Since bulk of serice sector @almost 0G of $!DA is prone to tax easion* it facilitates laundering of black money.
INDIA CHINA AND CHALLENGES IN NORTH EAST:-
,hina is an important factor in India’s security perceptions and tempers its relationship with some of its neighbours. ,hinese interests in the region hae to be iewed in the long term perspectie. fter eliminating the historical and strategic buffer between India and ,hina by annexation of Tibet* the ,hinese resorted to giing financial aid* arms and sanctuaries to !aga* +i?o and +eitei extremists. This was followed by military encroachments culminating in the conflict in :E41.
,hina has shrewdly followed a policy of strategic containment of India by regional alliances and arming India’s neighbours+ynamar* 'angladesh and Dakistan. Similarly* India’s technological and military mordernisation has been effectiely counted by technological and weapons transfers to Dakistan in the nuclear and missile fields.
The geo-strategic importance of the !orth-"ast is not sufficiently appreciated een in the security establishment. ll the states in the !orth-"ast share an international border with other countries and the seen !orth-"astern states are linked to the rest of the country only by a narrow strip of land. The lack of physical* cultural and emotional links has encouraged a feeling of alienation* which is being exploited by the nottoo- friendly neighbours to pursue their own agenda. The y are giing support and sanctuaries to many of these groups to use them as leerage against a much bigger and more powerful neighbor. The roots of these many insurgencies in the !orth-"ast lie deep in its history and its geography. 'ut* it would be wrong to treat it as one homogeneous region with common problems* or social systems and customs. "en physiographic ally* the region can be diided into three broad areas J hills* plateaus* and plains. The many ethnic groups* speaking many different languages and dialects* who inhabit this remote part of the country consider themseles as separate people with little in common with the people in the rest of the country. The lack of physical* cultural and emotional links has encouraged this feeling of separation. The terrain in this region is eminently suitable for insurgency. The hilly terrain and dense forests proide conenient hiding places to mount ambushes on the moing conoys of the security forces. 7arge parts of the interior areas hae little or no po lice presence. fter attacking the security force they can easily disappear into the local population. 'ecause of depriation and alienation* a large section of the people tend to be sympathetic to the members of these groups. It is the alienation of the people that has sustained insurgency all these years* though logistic support and sanctuaries proided by the neighbouring states play a ital role in sustaining them.
LEFT WING EXTREMISIM:-
lthough estiges of 7eft 8ing "xtremist @78"A Insurgency hae been prealent in certain parts of India for a few decades now* the problem assumed serious proportions during the last decade or so. In terms of geographical spread* the worst affected States are ,hhattisgarh* 5harkhand* %disha and 'ihar. The 78" problem also exists in certain pockets in the States of +aharashtra* 8est 'engal* ndhra Dradesh* +adhya Dradesh and )ttar Dradesh.
,hallenges created due to 78" -9indrances to deelopment son inclusie regional growth cannot be achieed. -Ceployment of large security personal I these area. 7arge expenditure on arms* security personnal*large recruitment needed as shortage of personal* insurance schemes as human forces are reluctant to work* in situation of combat loss of priceless life. -s ,DI@+A is getting latest technicalities from across border they are moderni?ing themseles with new weapons* landmines and other eKuipment. -The 78" groups are proided with arms* ammunition and sanctuaries across the border. These make border management serious task often penetrable areas are made safe ?one to infiltrate. -These actiities are being funded through state entities.
CONCLUSION:-
%ur security is ulnerable to threats* tensions and conflicts originating both from indigenous and exogenous sources. The internal security problems should not be treated as merely law and order problems. They hae to be dealt with comprehensiely in all their dimensions and at all lee ls J political* economic and social. They are all interlinked. t times* the reKuired measures will conflict with each other.
!+"# S)+""T 8$9 'I'7I%$RD9( :. 8ebsite of ministry of home affairs. 1. Idsa. . , Ra&a mohan report and net digging.