Installation Guide-2015 Edition

DIALOG AXIATA PLC

Installation Guide BSS/MW/Power Dialog Network Services - 2015

Table of Contents INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..5 1

BSS I NSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................... 6 1.1

Cellular Antenna Installation ....................................................................................................... 6

1.1.1

Cellular Antenna Brackets .................................................................................................... 6

1.1.2

Cellular Antenna positioning ............................................................................................... 7

1.2

TMA Installation ........................................................................................................................... 8

1.3

RRU Installation ............................................................................................................................ 9

1.4

Fiber Cable Installation .............................................................................................................. 16

1.5

Fiber Cable Installation Categories ............................................................................................ 19

1.5.1

CAT A ................................................................................................................................... 20

1.5.2

CAT B ................................................................................................................................... 20

1.5.3

CAT C ................................................................................................................................... 21

1.5.4

CAT D ................................................................................................................................... 22

1.5.5

CAT E ................................................................................................................................... 23

1.5.6

Covering bends using GI Flexible ....................................................................................... 23

1.6

RF Cable Installation ................................................................................................................... 24

1.7

RF Cable Grounding. ................................................................................................................... 25

1.8

Jumper Cables Installation ......................................................................................................... 26

1.8.1

RRU Power/Earth cable installation .......................................................................................... 26

1.10

BTS Installation ........................................................................................................................... 28

1.11

BSS Equipment Power ................................................................................................................ 29

1.11.1

Method of selecting correct load side for BSS equipment ............................................... 29

1.12

EMUA .......................................................................................................................................... 30

1.13

BSS Equipment Grounding ......................................................................................................... 31

1.13.1

Making grounding cables ................................................................................................... 31

1.13.2

Outdoor cabinet BSS equipment grounding...................................................................... 32

1.13.3

Indoor cabinet BSS equipment grounding......................................................................... 32

1.14 2

Jumper Length &Bending Radius ....................................................................................... 26

1.9

Things to do Before Power up BSS Equipment .......................................................................... 33

MICROWAVE INSTALLATION .............................................................................................................. 34

1 DNS Installation Guide-2015 Edition

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2.1

MW Antenna Installation ........................................................................................................... 34

2.2

Wind braces Installation ............................................................................................................ 36

2.3

ODU Installation ......................................................................................................................... 37

2.4

IF Cable Installation .................................................................................................................... 37

2.5

IF Cable Grounding ..................................................................................................................... 38

2.6

IF Cable Routing .......................................................................................................................... 39

2.7

Surge Arresters Installation ....................................................................................................... 41

2.7.1

Surge Arresters Near ODU ................................................................................................. 41

2.7.2

Surge arresters Near MW rack ........................................................................................... 42

2.8

INU/IDU Installation ................................................................................................................... 43

2.9

INU Power Connections ............................................................................................................. 45

2.10

MW Tributary Cable/DDF Installations ..................................................................................... 45

2.11

Things to do Before Power up TX Equipment ........................................................................... 47

RECTIFIER INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................... 48 3.1

Indoor Cabin Rectifier Installation ............................................................................................. 48

3.1.1

Placing and Mounting the Rectifier(ID) ............................................................................. 48

3.1.2

1P & 3P Power Connections (DB/SPD) (ID) ....................................................................... 49

3.1.3

Number of Rectifier Modules(ID) ...................................................................................... 50

3.1.4

Battery Strings Connections(ID) ......................................................................................... 51

3.1.5

Rectifier Grounding(ID) ...................................................................................................... 51

3.1.6

Indoor Casings for Cable installations(ID) ......................................................................... 51

3.1.7

Alarms Cable Installation(ID) ............................................................................................. 52

3.1.8

BSS/TX/Other DC Load Connecting to the rectifier(ID) .................................................... 52

3.1.9

General Settings(ID) ........................................................................................................... 53

3.1.10

Things to do Before Power up Rectifier(ID) ....................................................................... 53

3.2

Outdoor Cabin Rectifier Installation .......................................................................................... 54

3.2.1

Placing and Mounting the Rectifier(OD) ........................................................................... 54

3.2.2

1P & 3P Power Connections to the Rectifier (DB/SPD) (OD) ............................................ 54

3.2.3

Number of power modules(OD) ........................................................................................ 55

3.2.4

Battery Strings Connections(OD) ....................................................................................... 55

3.2.5

Rectifier Grounding(OD) .................................................................................................... 56

3.2.6

Alarm Cable Installation(OD) ............................................................................................. 56 2

DNS Installation Guide-2015 Edition

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3.2.7

BSS/TX/Other DC Power Supply(OD) ................................................................................ 56

3.2.8

General Settings(OD) .......................................................................................................... 57

3.2.9

Things to do Before Power up Rectifier(OD) ..................................................................... 57

BATTERY BANKS INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................ 59 4.1

Battery Rack Mounting & Placing(ID) ................................................................................ 59

4.1.2

Battery placing and inter connections(ID) ......................................................................... 60

4.1.3

Casings for Battery Strings/cables(ID) ............................................................................... 60

4.1.4

Battery Strings connections(ID) ......................................................................................... 60

4.1.5

Rack Grounding(ID) ............................................................................................................ 61

4.1.6

Things to do before connecting to rectifier(ID) ................................................................. 61

4.2

5

6

Indoor Cabin battery bank Installation ..................................................................................... 59

4.1.1

Outdoor Cabin battery bank Installation .................................................................................. 61

4.2.1

Battery placing and i nter connections(OD) ....................................................................... 61

4.2.2

Battery Cable Laying from OD battery cabinet t o equipment cabin. (OD) ...................... 62

4.2.3

Battery Strings c onnections(OD) ....................................................................................... 62

4.2.4

Things to do before connecting to t he rectifier(OD) ......................................................... 62

WATERPROOFING/WEATHERPROOFING .......................................................................................... 63 5.1

Why Waterproofing/Weatherproofing. .................................................................................... 63

5.2

Common procedure for outdoor RF/IF connector water proofing. ......................................... 63

5.3

Cellular Antenna/RRU unused ports waterproofing ................................................................. 64

5.4

TX Waveguides waterproofing .................................................................................................. 64

5.5

RF/IF Connectors waterproofing ............................................................................................... 66

5.6

RF/IF Cable Grounding points waterproofing ........................................................................... 66

5.7

PVC/flexible conduit joints ........................................................................................................ 67

5.8

Water draining methods for fiber cable installation via PVC ................................................... 67

5.9

Bulkhead Sealing ........................................................................................................................ 67

5.10

Cable inlets/outlets sealing methods for outdoor cabinet cable inlets. .................................. 68

5.11

Unused cable entry points Sealing(Outdoor cabinets) ............................................................. 68

MAINTAINING THE CABLE LADDER/GANTRY & THE BULKHEAD ...................................................... 69 6.1

Outdoor Cable Ladder ................................................................................................................ 69

6.2

Indoor Cable Gantry Installation Procedure.............................................................................. 69

6.3

Bulk Head .................................................................................................................................... 70 3


7

6.4

Outdoor Cabin inlets & Outlets ................................................................................................. 71

6.5

Using correct conduit type & fastening method ....................................................................... 71

EQUIPMENT LABELING ....................................................................................................................... 72 7.1

Examples for labeling positions ................................................................................................. 74

7.1.1

BSS outdoor ........................................................................................................................ 74

7.1.2

Rectifier ............................................................................................................................... 74

7.1.3

MW antenna/ODU Labeling ............................................................................................... 75

7.1.4

19” rack labeling ................................................................................................................. 75

8

GENARAL SAFETY PROCEDURES ........................................................................................................ 76

9

ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................................. 77


INTRODUCTION Dialog Axiata PLC, a subsidiary of Axiata Group Berhad (Axiata), operates Sri Lanka’s largest and fastest growing mobile telecommunications network. Company mobile network consists 3000+live base station sites scattered throughout the country and over 2200 of those sites are owned by DAP while the rest has been shared from other telecom operators infrastructure. DAP network is geographically divided in to ten (10) regions managed by Dialog Network Services(DNS) by which all operation & maintenance and project activities are coordinated & executed from regional offices and dispersed depots within the region.

DNS maintains the base station infrastructure in well-coordinated manner compliance to the Dialog standards with 99.99% network up time to provide seamless network services to our valued customers. Therefore DNS expects to strictly follow Installation Guide document for any installation works at DAP owned and shared infrastructure sites to continuously maintain the above goals.

Apart from equipment supplier’s manuals, this Installation Guide document gives the idea for all installers on how to install/label telecommunication equipment and accessories on towers and cabins as per DAP standards. Installation Guide document basically covered three main areas including Base Station Subsystem (BSS), Microwave Transmission (MW) and Power (PWR) installations. All installers (contractors) shall follow the document guidelines for all the BSS/MW/PW installations to be completed at DAP owned, shared infrastructure sites. DNS strictly advices all contractors to consult respective regional in charge for any deviations to the Installation Guide document.

This is 2015 edition of Installation Guide and DNS has the responsibility to amend the document yearly if and only if there is a requirement for any amendment or addendum.


1

BSS INSTALLATION 1.1 Cellular Antenna Installation 1.1.1



Cellular Antenna Brackets

Antenna pole should be Heavy Duty GI made pole, 3m in length & 2.5” in diameter & painted with standard color using the same paint type used for the structure. Clamps too should be fabricated using the same material & paints.

Picture 1.1.1: 3m antenna pole

  

Antenna pole should be adjusted to fix vertically every time before beginning any equipment installation. Antenna bracket should be fixed as per WO azimuth setting such a way that orientation of the antenna bracket should be allowed maximum possible antenna rotation in either. All the nuts & bolts should be tightened firmly & secure with check nuts.

Picture 1.1.2: antenna installation directions


1.1.2



Cellular Antenna positioning

0

Cellular antennas should be able to rotate within +/-15 from the WO azimuth to enable future optimizations. If it is not possible with available bracket arrangement, need to rearrange the brackets/antenna poles or relocate the antenna to other available pole to ensure the requirement.

Picture 1.1.3: Antenna Rotating Tolerance +/- 15 degrees



Original clamp set provided by the antenna fabricator must be used to install any antenna. Mechanical down tilt should be set to zero as per the current practice unless mentioned in the WO.

Picture 1.1.4: Down tilt Clamps



Antennas should not be fixed near to the bottom end of the antenna poles, so that reaching the antenna ports shall be much easier for operational activities. Also this will allow the lower antenna clamp to be fixed above the lower arm/clamp of the antenna bracket, which will add some extra protection when adjusting or dismantling the antenna in the future.


Picture 1.1.5: Antenna mounting on towers to easy access for works

  

Azimuth and tilt error should be +/- 0.5 degrees from the WO specifications. Unused antenna ports should be sealed with PVC tape and 3M rubber tape as per the DAP guide lines on chapter 5.2 of this document. All the antennas should be labeled according to the DAP labeling standards described on chapter 7.

1.2 TMA Installation        

Steel tie wraps should be used to mount TMA on the antenna pole just at the back of the antenna. Height from the bottom of the antenna should be ~0.5 m & should be able to connect the antenna side using =<2m jumper cables if there are no exceptions described on the WO. 2 TMA grounding point should be connected to the structure using 16mm or higher gauge Earth cables/C clamps UV protected out door tie wraps must be used for neat up activities. All the ports of the TMA should be properly sealed using the same guide lines described on the chapter 5.2- outdoor connector waterproofing of this document. All the jumper cables should be neat up according to the common jumper cables installation guide lines explained on chapter 1.8 of this document. All unused connectors should be sealed with a connector-sealing cap to prevent water from entering or pooling in the connector. When connecting the male connector to the female connector care must be taken to ensure that the connectors do not become cross-threaded. Damaged connectors should not be used


Picture 1.2.1: TMA installation on antenna pole

1.3 RRU Installation    

RRUs should Installed such a way that it should not block cellular antenna main lobe. RRUs installation should be installed to facilitate the easy operations and maintenance. Hence adequate space around RRU should be maintained for human operations. All the RRUs should be positioned in a way that the maintenance cavity of the RRU facing the tower side to facilitate easy operation. RRUs must be installed as far as possible from the lightning arrester/down conductor of the tower. 0

  

Orientation of the RRU should allow the antenna to be adjusted within +/-15 for the future optimizations. If the recommended clearance not available, contractor must contact regional PM & get directions before proceed the Installation with minimum clearance possible. Clearance between RRUs should always adhere to the vendor specifications & should accommodate the heat dissipation requirement and easy O&M. RRU clearance requirement can be vary from vendor to vendor and based on RRU model. Need to align with the RRU manufacturer specification as much as possible. Following is the general practice.


Picture 1.3.1 (a): Recommended /Minimum Clearance for a Single RRU

Picture 1.3.2 (b): Recommended /Minimum vertical space between RRUs



To ensure the proper heat dissipation of the RRU and ensure waterproofing of the ports at the bottom of the RRU, the tilt of the RRU must be less than or equal to 10 degrees in general.

Picture 1.3.3: Correct RRU positioning



All the RRUs should be installed vertically as per above requirement. Any deviation due to exceptional case should be acknowledged & get approval from the regional PM.


Picture 1.3.4: RRU Installed in Vertical Mode

 

At RT Pole site, a minimum of 1200mm ~ 1600mm distance should be kept between the tower base level and bottom of the RRU. RRUs must be installed within the arms of the antenna bracket (cross bars for double bracket). That will provide extra protection when adjusting or replacing.

Picture 1.3.5: RRU mounting on pole and between supporting bars to tower

 

If enough space not available to mount the RRU on the same antenna pole, then special bracket approved/issued by DAP must be used. Maximum number of RRU installed on single cellular pole should be limited to 2. Any deviation should get approval from the regional PM.


Picture 1.3.6: Wrong Installation (more than two RRU on single pole)



RRU must be fixed firmly to the pole. All clamps should be installed according to the product specification. Booklet of the quick installation guidance provided by the manufacturer must be referred or get the instructions from regional PM at any difficulty.

Picture 1.3.7: RRU Fixed without any loose connection



A torque wrench should be used when tightening the nuts according to the product specifications. A mark should be made to confirm all nuts are tightened to the correct value.


Picture 1.3.8: a mark made for identifying the nut is tig htened to the correct torque setting.

 



All check nuts, spring washers, flat washers must be installed without neglecting any, according to the product specifications. If the extra length of the RRU bracket bolts block the expected azimuth tolerance of the installed antennas (+/- 15 degrees) then the bolt/bolts must be cut off and proper protection for avoiding any corrosion should be applied. Bonding and Insulation tapes can be used for this purpose. Cover plates of the RRU’s maintenance cavity should be fixed firmly ensuring the water seal in place to avoid water leakages into the cavity.

Picture 1.3.9: Cover Plate of RRU maintenance cavity



Do not remove dust proof caps of the vacant RF ports on the RRUs or antennas. Water proofing should be done as per the common guide lines on chapter 5-waterproofing on this document for unused ports.


Picture 1.3.10: Dust Proof Caps of an RRU



Unused ports of the RRU’s maintenance cavity should be blocked using srcinal rubber bushes only provided with the RRU by the manufacturer.

Picture 1.3.11:Closed maintenance cavity of the RRU (left) & blocked unused ports of maintenance cavity (right)



Stripped part of the RRU power cable should not exposed out of the maintenance cavity. Good installation shown on below picture.

Picture 1.3.12:Correct installation of RRU power cable




RRU should be grounded to the structure with good electrical contact by using a C clamp. Tower paint should be removed on minimum area required for C clamp only & must not damage zinc layer when removing the paint which will lead to structure corrosion.

Picture 1.3.13: RRU Grounding with C-Clamp



Refer to the below picture for correct way of connecting earth cable to the RRU.

Picture 1.3.14: Correct and incorrect ways of fixing earth cables

 

All the RRUs should be labeled as per the DAP standard described on chapter 7-labeling section on latter part of this document. The surface of all equipment should be cleaned after the installation.


1.4 Fiber Cable Installation  

Minimum bending radius for average fiber cables in general is 20 times the diameter of the cable. So need to prevent any sharp bends at any point. Should follow all the safety precautions defined by the manufacturer & it is a must to use fiber hooks provided for hoisting RRU fiber cables one by one, avoiding any damage.

Picture 1.4.1: Incorrect Binding of RRU Fiber Cable

    

RRU power cable, RRU fiber cable and Grounding cables should not be bundled together. Cable coiling near the RRU must be avoided if not instructed to do so. Extra care should be taken when tightening the fiber cable close to the maintenance cavity of the RRU to avoid the cable being damaged. Connectors of fiber cables must be covered with dust proof caps throughout the installation period. Need to keep the dust proof caps installed for all unused SFP/fiber ports.

Picture 1.4.2: SFP ports covered with dust proof caps




Clamps used for installing RRU cables should comply with the fiber cable sizes. Eg. Clamps used for Huawei fiber cables do not match with Ericsson fiber cables which are thinner than Huawei fiber cables.

Picture 1.4.3: fiber cables installed using correct & incorrect cable clamps. clamp diameter>fiber on incorrect



In the instance of unable to cover fiber cables with PVC pipes (bends in irregular shape) according to the fiber cable installation category described on the next chapter, need to use GI flexible or UV protected conduits. Plastic conduits without UV protection will be rejected.

Picture 1.4.4: GI flexibles used at bending points of fiber cable installation

 

SLS certified PVC pipe must be used for the installation. Fiber/power cables used for the same technology or same BTS must be installed in the same cluster.




Cables should have enough free length near RRU/Antenna [between last tie wrap point and RRU/Antenna] for allowing RRU & antenna movements /removals [for maintenance work] without changing current cable installation.

Picture 1.4.5: free length of cables for easy operation



Excess fiber cables must be kept rolled, not less than 1 feet diameter. This zag of fiber cables must be kept on the tray below the BBUs if it is an outdoor cabinet. If it is indoor, the zag must be kept on the most distant place from busy area of the cable tray.

Picture 1.4.6: Fiber cable zag kept away from frequently used area of the cable gantry




All the fiber cables must be labeled according to the DAP standards described on chapter 7 of this document.

Picture 1.4.7: All power/fiber cables must be labeled

1.5 Fiber Cable Installation Categories 

Refer to the below table for fiber cable installation categories. Detail description will follow the table.

Optical Fiber & Power Cable in one Optical Fiber Cable

Power Cable

conduit

PVC(1/2")

PVC(1/2")

PVC(1")

Junction

Category

CAT-A

V-

H-

V-

H-

V-

H-

Ladder

Ladder

Ladder

Ladder

Ladder

Ladder



 

CAT-B

V-Ladder Only(2m)

Optional

V-Ladder Only(2m) V-Ladder Only(1m)



CAT-D





Cable Clamps

Optional



CAT-C

CAT-E



Box





V-Ladder Only(1m) Optional

V-Ladder Only(8m)

Table: 1.5.1 PVC conduit installation Categories


1.5.1      





CAT A

½” PVC conduit only for fiber cable V and H. Using junction box upon the preference For V ladder need to use clamps in every 2m interval For H cable tray, no clamps will be used. 0 T joints near the bulk head and the 90 bend. No PVC for power cable, need to install via clamps in the V ladder and need to be routed using cable ties in H cable tray. 0 Need to cover fiber cable using ½” insulated steel flexible conduits at 90 bend, near bulk head and V ladder to RRU. In this category fiber cable should not be exposed to outside at any point

Picture 1.5.1: Category A Fiber/power cable installation

1.5.2      

CAT B

1” PVC conduit for both fiber and power cable on V and H ladders. Using junction box upon the preference For V ladder, need to use clamps in every 2m interval For H cable tray, no clamps will be used. T joints near the bulk head and the 90 bend. Fiber and power cables need to be routed through clamps on the V ladder and need to be routed using cable ties in H cable tray.






Need to cover fiber cable using 1” insulated steel flexible conduit at 90 bend, near bulk head and V ladder to RRU In this category fiber and power cables should not be exposed to outside at any point

Picture 1.5.2: Category B Fiber/power cable installation , both fiber & power cables in 1” PVC &GI 1”flexible

1.5.3      

CAT C

½ “PVC conduit only for fiber cable in H cable tray. For V ladder need to use clamps in every 1m interval For H cable tray, no clamps will be used. 0 T joints near the bulk head and the 90 bend. 0 GI flexible @ bulk head & 90 bend. Fiber and power cables need to be routed through clamps on the V ladder and must use cable ties on H cable ladder.


0

Picture 1.5.3:Category C Fiber/power cable installation, ½” PVC up to bend 90 with T joints for draining water.

1.5.4

CAT D

    

1 “PVC conduit fiber and power cables in H cable tray only. For H cable tray,for tieboth wraps instead of clamps. For V ladder need to use clamps in every 1m interval for both fiber & power cables. T joints near the bulk head and the 90 bend. Fiber and power cables need to be routed through clamps in the V ladder and must use cable ties on H cable ladder.

Picture 1.5.4:Category D Fiber/power cable installation, 1” PVC for fiber & power cable on H ladder only


1.5.5      





CAT E

½ “PVC conduit separately for both fiber and power cables in V and H cable tray. Using junction box upon the preference For V ladder need to use clamps in every 8m interval For H cable tray, use tie wraps for fastening. T joints near the bulk head and the 90 bend for draining water. Fiber and power cables need to be routed through clamps on V ladder and must use tie wraps on H cable tray. 0 Need to cover fiber and power cables using ½” insulated GI flexible conduit at 90 bend, Bulk head and V ladder to RRU. In this category fiber and power cables should not be exposed to outside at any point

Picture 1.5.5: Category E Fiber/power cable installation, both power cables fiber&cables inside ½” PVC

1.5.6 

Covering bends using GI Flexible 0

Need to cover irregular shapes of fiber path near bulk head & 90 bend using insulated GI flexible conduits with same diameter as the PVC conduits.

Picture 1.5.6: GI flexible @ bends




PVC to GI flexible joints should be sealed using same mastic sandwich method used for waterproofing outdoor connectors.(chapter 5.2)

Picture 1.5.7: PVC to GI Flexible joints waterproofed.

 

Interface between GI flexible & bulk head must be weatherproofed using silicon/mastic sandwich as per the chapter 5.9 guidelines. Using PVC T junctions at 2 ends of horizontal ladder is a must for any PVC conduit installation for fibers.

1.6 RF Cable Installation  

The minimum bending radius of an RF cable should be 20 times the diameter of the RF cable. Minimize the bending points and Maximize the bending radius while installing RF cable. Use the same brand or recommended RF connector and cable clamps for each RF cable brand.

Picture 1.6.1: Uniformly installed RF clamps & 7/8” RF connectors.



Do not use scratched or outer damaged RF cables for any installation. Cables should be clean and clear all along after the completion of installation. Any scratched cable will be rejected.


1.7 RF Cable Grounding. 

All the installation teams need to refer the installation manual provided with the grounding kit to avoid unwanted stripping of the RF cable.

Picture 1.7.1: RF grounding kit fixed before waterproofing



Each RF cable should be grounded using proper grounding kits at below points. 

Near the bulkhead. Grounding cable should be connected to bulk head ECB.



1m distance above (90 bend) from horizontal ladder. Grounding cables to V ladder ECB @ cable bend.



1m below the top RF connector. Grounding cables to ECB on V ladder. ECB should be electrically connected to the structure using C clamp method.



If the cable distance is more than 50m, install middle grounding point as well.

Picture 1.7.2: RF groundings near bulk head & vertical cable ladder



All the RF connectors and grounding points should be properly waterproofed according to the DAP standards. (Refer the water proofing methods on chapter 5.2 of this document). 25


1.8 Jumper Cables Installation 1.8.1    

Jumper Length &Bending Radius

In general bending radius should not be less than 150mm for ½” RF Jumper cables. The bending radius of the 1/4'' jumper, super-flexible 1/2'' jumper and ordinary 1/2'' jumper must be according to the product specifications. Jumpers should be neat up using UV protected outdoor cable ties. Must use jumper cables with appropriate length (neither short nor longer than required) as per the situation to avoid any zag.

Picture 1.8.1: correct & incorrect Jumper Cable Installation

   

Need to route outdoor RF Jumpers underneath the platform to avoid any damages when working on the platform, (jumpers used between antenna & RF cable). Crossings of jumper cables on the cable ladder/structure should be zero. Any jumper cable should be able to remove without disturbing any other cable. Must use ½” cable clamp or UV protected cable ties as jumper aids. Both ends of all the jumper cables should be labeled according to the labeling guide lines on latter part of this document.

1.9 RRU Power/Earth cable installation 

Avoid cable joints of any method on RRU power/Earth cables.

Picture 1.9.1: Cable Joints


 

RRU power cables should not hang freely close to the RRU. The bending radius of the power cable or Earth cable must be at least three times the diameter of the cable. Power cables should meet the RRU vendor specifications.

Picture 1.9.2: correctly installed RRU power cable

    

Power rating of the breaker to the RRU must be selected according to the maximum power rating of the unit defined by the RRU manufacturer. Do not lay RRU power cables near to the tower down conductor. The space between power cable/ground cable and fiber cables outside the RRU should be more than 3 cm. Black UV-resistant cable ties (UV protected 14.5” black tie wraps) must be used for outdoor cable fastening. RRU power cable shield must be grounded using a proper grounding kit at the cabin entry point (inside the cabin), or on the DCDU.

Picture 1.9.3: RRU Sheath Grounding




Sheath should be covered with heat sleeve and proper cable lug should be applied before connecting to the grounding point.

Picture 1.9.4: DCDU point for grounding RRU power cables (Left) & RRU power cables grounded @ bulk head (right)

1.10 

BTS Installation

Rack mount BBU - The minimum space between two units should be (top & bottom) 1U space.

Picture 1.10.1: minimum free space between two equipment must be 1 U

  

Should be able to observe indicators easily. Install the BBU in a way that it could be removed without disturbing any other node. No cross cables should be laid from side to side of the rack to avoid any disturbance for card removals/addition.

Picture 1.10.2: incorrectly routed cables, across the RBS.




All the vacant slots should be covered with dummy plates.

Picture 1.10.3: all the unused slots must be covered with dummy plates.

 

All the unused dummy plates should be handed over to DNS regional staff. BH/E1 paths should be installed through proper lighting arresters if they are routed outside the equipment cabin. (UELP/SLPU for Huawei)

Picture 1.10.4: E1s through surge protecting device

1.11

BSS Equipment Power

1.11.1 Method of selecting correct load side for BSS equipment 

Technology vise DC power connectivity requirement is below.  2G (900/DCS) - Need to connect to non-critical load 

3G

- Need to connect to non-critical load



LTE FDD

- Need to connect to non-critical load



LTE TDD

- Need to connect to critical load



Other broadband

- Need to connect to critical load

Picture 1.11.1: Critical & Non critical sides are separated & labeled in the rectifier


  

Power cable diameter should comply with the power rating of the equipment on manufacturer specifications. Use the shortest path possible separately for the power cables & grounding cables Each DC power cable should be labeled as per given standard at both ends. Labeling guide is on chapter 7 of this doc.

Picture 1.11.2: Power cables are properly labeled. In the rectifier (left), at the DCDU (right)

 

Cabling from the DCDU/PDU to other equipment should adopt a common orderly pattern (Ex: - Right hand-side cables and left-hand side cables can be routed separately in two routes)

Picture 1.11.3: Power neatly installed near PDU



Power connection main breaker of the DCDU/PDU should facilitate future expansions. Hence 50A DC breaker from rectifier should be used for each & every technology/base station.



When connecting RRU & BBU power to DCDU, suitable/recommended breaker capacity must be used as per the equipment manufacturer guide lines.

1.12 

EMUA

Should be installed above the BBU in the reserved 19-inch space. It is only for outdoor cabinets according to Huawei guideline.


1.13  

BSS Equipment Grounding 2

For BBU grounding, use 10/16mm Earth wires. Earth cable should be routed separately from all other cables, inside duct lines/cable casings or on the cable tray using the shortest path possible.

1.13.1 Making grounding cables 

Lug crimping tool of exact size of the lug should be used when making power/Earth cables. Using hammers/plier or any other inappropriate method for tightening lugs should be avoided & will be rejected on PAT.

Picture 1.13.1: a lug fixed to the cable using a plier/Hammer



Selected lug dimensions should be according to the cable size. Removing strands of the cable to match with lower size lugs must be avoided.



The lug handle and any part of cable core exposed should be wrapped with the heat shrink sleeve.

Picture 1.13.2: cable lug made correctly (left) & uncompleted cable lug (right)



Usage of insulation tape instead of heat sleeves should be avoided as much as possible.


1.13.2 Outdoor cabinet BSS equipment grounding 

BBU chassis should be grounded to the nearest earth plate. Ex. Left side of Huawei cabinet

Picture 1.13.3: Earth plate at the left side of the outdoor cabinet is the nearest to BBU

1.13.3 Indoor cabinet BSS equipment grounding 

If BBU is mounted on 19’ rack at indoor site, its chass is to be grounded to the ECB of the particular rack. Earth cable should be tightly laid along back side of the rack using the shortest path possible.

Picture 1.13.4:ECB on top of 19” MW rack

Picture 1.13.5: Earth cables on back of the mw rack. Other cables not install near them.

   

2

If it is macro BTS, should be connected to the ECB near the bulk head using 25mm Earth cables. All other base stations should be connected to the nearest common grounding point using 2 16mm or higher earth cables. BBUs in outdoor sites should be grounded to the earth plates provided inside the outdoor cabinets. Crone block (metal case) should ground to the earth plate inside the outdoor cabinet.


1.14           

           

Things to do Before Power up BSS Equipment

Check and take all safety measures for yourself and then equipment’s Compare all installation work is done as per given WO or Project Proposal Document/s. All the equipment must be placed as per WO/CPR. Clean the site (Indoor+ out Door) & collect all the garbage. Ensure they are not left inside the site/roof top when leaving. Check antennas are installed correctly as per manufacturer specifications & all the clamps are properly tightened. Check Antenna orientation (azimuth and Tilt) is set to WO specs. If not adjust until they meet the required. Check outdoor RF/IF/Fiber/Power cable installed according to the DAP guide lines. Check all OD grounding points are well connected to ECB/Tower. Check water proofing is done according to the DAP standard given on this document. Check Bulkhead is properly used & Sealed according to the guide lines on this document. Measure VSWR (Only for RF cable available sites). Rectify before turning on if there are unexpected values. Check Fiber Cable/SFP/RF cables are properly connected & if any of them are defected during the installation. SFP units must be removable easily and reinstall them after checking any slot damages. Check all indoor grounding points are tightly connected at both ends of grounding cables. Check E1 cable is properly laid up to the crone tag & neaten up. Check External alarm cable is neatly laid up to the rectifier. Check DC power cables for end to end connectivity, correct polarity +/- & physical damages to the cable. Check DC Breaker capacity. Must exceed the maximum current rating of the RBS. Check DC power taken from correct side of the rectifier(Critical/Non Critical) Measure DC/AC voltage levels & note down the values before turning on the new equipment, so we can communicate to DTBU if they (voltages) drop after new load/loads are added. Check all available cards with WOs & are inserted in to correct slots. Check whether all accessories available in the BTS. (Fan Cards, Dummy cards etc.) Check tightness of all installed nuts/bolts of power and BSS equipment’s Check the labeling for all installed equipment. Switch on the BTS.


2

MICROWAVE INSTALLATION 2.1 MW Antenna Installation





Need to adhere to the manufacturer guidelines strictly. Installation manual provided by the antenna manufacturer should be referred by the installation teams & must take regional PM consent before proceeding in difficult situations. The installation paste has to be applied to all threads of bolts and fine adjustment spindles. It is provided with the installation kit, which is a corrosion preventing and lubricating liquid especially for all threads of stainless steel bolts, U-bolts, spindles. After this, keep the lubricated threads free of dust and dirt. Manufacturers define fastener torque settings only for bolts lubricated with this installation paste.

Picture 2.1.1: installation paste applied on the balt.





If there is planer radome available need to follow manufacturer guide lines and install it without any kinking. Kinking will destroy the radome which is non repairable or replaceable on live antenna. All safety precautions should be taken to avoid any damage to the antenna/existing equipment on the tower during the installation, need to align with manufacturer guide lines when hoisting the antenna to the tower top.


Picture 2.1.2: Hoisting the MW antenna.



Default polarization for any single polarized antenna is vertical if not specified on the WO.

Picture 2.1.3: antenna polarization can be observed from the orientation of the antenna feeder point






When the installation of the antenna has been completed, it is necessary to make sure that the installation instructions have been followed in all aspects, before proceed to Radio/IF cable installation. It is especially important to check that all bolted joints are tightly locked with check nuts.

2.2 Wind braces Installation  

Wind brace should be installed for antenna sizes equal & above 1.2m as per the normal practice. 2 Wind braces recommended for antenna sizes equal or higher than 1.8m.

Picture 2.2.1: Two wind braces installed.

 

Installing wind braces through the climbing ladder area must be avoided. Doing this will lead to injuries to all workers. 0 Wind brace should not rotate more than 25 from antenna direction to any direction, for ensuring the maximum torque that can be negotiated by the wind brace.

0

Picture 2.2.2: Wind brace should not rotate more thanfrom 25 antenna direction


2.3 ODU Installation  



Need to adhere to the manufacturer guidelines strictly during installation. Unpacking the installation kit must be done carefully for avoiding any particles being missing. Neglecting any item in the installation kit or any instruction by the radio manufacturer will lead to a total destruction of the unit or QOS issues, sooner or later. Need to select/locate the MW bracket & position the MW antenna in a way that the radio units can be reached easily, at any cost. That is, the radio units must be installed nearest side of the antenna to the tower. It will ease up the O&M.

Picture 2.3.1: ODU installed away from the tower will make O&M hard

2.4 IF Cable Installation 

IF connectors for deferent brands/models of MW links vary from one to another. So need to



follow the instruction set provided by the IF connector manufacturer for each type. Using the correct tools (Eg. Crimping tools) is a must. During the cable installation, IF cable connectors may be damaged & the connectivity may also broke up. Therefore need to test the connectivity of the cables after the cable is fully installed We can proceed with short circuit test using a multi meter to check the cable connectivity.



Picture 2.4.1: Testing Cable Connectivity using multi meter


     

Do not perform short-circuit test when one side of the IF cable connected with either ODU side or IDU side Must avoid joints on IF cables at any cost. Need to check whole cable for damages after cable laying is completed. Before connecting/disconnecting the IF cable at any point, ODU and IDU power switches should be turned off to void damages due to short circuiting. IF cable should be connected to the IDU through the IF jumper from the indoor IF arrestor. IDU must be connected to the common ground before connecting the IF cable to IDU. ODU Earth cables must be installed before connecting IF cable to ODU.

2.5 IF Cable Grounding

Picture 2.5.1: Grounding points for IF cable

   

The point of about 1 m away from the IF interface of the ODU should be grounded. – point 01 The place about 0.5 to 1 meter away from the cable entry point of equipment cabin or outdoor cabinet is required to be grounded. -point 02 The point about one meter away from the Cable bend between Horizontal and vertical cable ladders should be grounded. -point 03. Additionally, below points of IF cable should be grounded according to the length of considered part  The middle point of the cable when the cable is longer than 60 meters-point 04 on the picture 2.5.1: 





The middle point of the horizontal portion of the cable if the portion is longer than 60m.

IF cable grounding should be electrically connected to theasstructure using C-clamps in the absence of ECB. Paint on the tower should be removed per the minimum requirement without damaging the zinc layer if GI member, to avoid any corrosion. Picture 2.5.2 describes how to make grounding on IF cable using grounding clips.


Picture 2.5.2: Grounding kit installation for IF cable



The grounding wire of any grounding point should be routed to the ground direction as much as possible.

Picture 2.5.3 orientation of the grounding wire of IF grounding

2.6 IF Cable Routing 

IF cable neat up should begin from the top end. I.e. from the ODU end.



The IF cable should be curved as shown on below pictures for making the waterproofing more effective, near the ODU & near the bulk head.


Picture 2.6.1: cable bends near ODU & just outside bulk head

  

The bending radius of the IF cable should be larger than 30 cm. The IF cable should be bound to the cable ladder using UV protected outdoor cable ties or suitable clamps, at every one meter interval. Orientation of all cable ties/clamps should be in the same direction for keeping the neatness of the installation.

Picture 2.6.2: fastening method should be uniform & cable should not cross each other.



 

Both ends of the IF cable should be applied with temporary labels before installation. Permanent labels should be pasted after the completion of the installation as per the labeling guide on chapter 7 of this document. IF cable should not be crossed with any other cable on the cable ladder. Take permission from regional PM in exceptional case. IF cables should be taken through separate ofisbulk head, should not mix withAfter RF/RRU power cable clusters. Does not matter new slot cable routed in they existing IF cable cluster. the IF cable routing, the bulk head should be sealed according to the DAP specifications explained on chapter 5.


2.7 Surge Arresters Installation 2.7.1   

Surge Arresters Near ODU

IF surge arrester should be installed at the point of IF cable connects to the ODU. The GND cable of the surge arrester should be connected to the structure using C clamp method. If the surge protector cannot be directly connected to the IF interface on the ODU due to the structural restriction or the antenna parts, need to attach a matching angle N-type adapter.

Outdoor cable ties

Picture 2.7.1: surge arrester with straight arrester

Picture 2.7.2: surge arrester with angle N-type adaptor




Near the ODU, surge arresters should be properly weatherproofed as per below guidelines.  For the sealing first apply insulation tape, bonding tape, again insulation tape. Finally silicon can be used for added security. 

After sealing, total arrester may look like below figure.

Picture 2.7.3: Surge arrester installation at ODU

2.7.2  

Surge arresters Near MW rack

Surge arrester should be installed between IDU/INU & bulk head, within 1 meter distance from bulk head. A mounting plate or ECB can be used for mounting indoor IF surge arresters as shown on below picture. It depends on the arrester type. This mounting plate should be connected to nearest 2 ECB using the shortest path possible using 16mm or higher earth cables.

Picture 2.7.4: Surge arrester installation inside the cabin


2.8 INU/IDU Installation 

MW IDUs should be installed on top of all other equipment on the 19” rack in indoor cabin sites. It should be installed just under the rectifier in outdoor cabinets

Picture 2.8.1: MW INU just below the rectifier in an outdoor cabinet



Minimum distance between two units on MW rack is 1U (>1.5”) for ensuring proper ventilation.

Picture 2.8.2: MW IDU on top of other equipment at indoor sites




2

2

IDU grounding should be done using 10mm -16mm earth cables.

Picture 2.8.3: MW IDU on top of other equipment at indoor site



All IDUs installed in Indoor sites should be grounded to ECB of the same 19” rack. ECB must be 2 connected to bulk head ECB using 25mm or higher earth cables.

Picture 2.8.4:MW IDU grounding cables connected to 19” rack ECB



If it is outdoor site, all IDUs grounding points should be connected to nearest earth plate.

Picture 2.8.5: Earth plate beside the 19” rack in an outdoor cabinet


2.9 INU Power Connections 

2

2

2.5mm -6mm of standard colors (Blue for negative & black or red for positive) flexible DC power cables must be used if the INU/IDU power cables are not provided with manufacturer installation kit.

Picture 2.9.1: INU power cables





Polarity and the power connection order (1&2 or primary/secondary) should be labeled at both ends of all the power cables according to the DAP Labeling standards given on chapter 7 of this document. Power to MW equipment should be drawn from nearest MW fuse panel/PDU. Should be connected to 6-10A breaker on critical side of the rectifier if separate fuse panel/PDU is not provided.

2.10 

 

MW Tributary Cable/DDF Installations

Tributary cables should be extended to the common DDF. If there is no common DDF, crone tags should be placed at the bottom of the same MW rack. Need to take guidelines from regional PM in an exceptional situation. All the tributary cables should be labeled at the both ends as per the DAP labeling guide provided on chapter 7 of this document. Crone tag blocks should be labeled as shown on below picture.

Picture 2.10.1: properly labeled tributary block for 16 E1 link


 

All the E1s of one link should be clustered if there is no special scenario. DAP regional PMs guidance must be followed if there is space issue on DDF/MW rack space. One tag block space should be kept between two links tributary clusters.

Picture 2.10.2: tributary clusters of different links should be separated for e asy identification



Only 3 crone tag frames should be installed parallel on 19” MW rack.

Picture 2.10.3:only 3 tag blocks parallel on one side of 19” rack



Extra length of tributary cable can be rolled to sag of 1 ft in diameter and kept at behind the MW rack as shown below. Maximum loops for one cable should not exceed 5 if not specially instructed to keep more. Only one loop for outdoor cabinets.

Picture 2.10.4: extra length of tributary cable on the back of MW rack




All unused E1s should be looped after checking them with the E1 analyzer.

Picture 2.10.5: All the unused E1 should be looped

 

 

2

Crone tag frames should be grounded to the MW rack ECB using 6-10mm earth cables. Fiber/Eth Cables  Eth cable & Fiber cable should be labeled as per DAP standards on chapter 7 of this document.  Fiber patch cords between 2 racks must be installed through flexible conduits. All cabling should be very neatly done on MW racks. All the cables should be routed on MW rack in a way that they could not disturb installing new equipment on free space of the rack or O&M (replacing/removing) existing units.

2.11                       

Things to do Before Power up T X Equipment

Check and take all safety measures for yourself and then equipment. Complete all installation work and check with given Work Order/s (WO) or Project Proposal Document/s. Clean the site (Indoor + Out Door) & collect all garbage. Check bracket arrangement (Verticality, Pole diameter, Bracket Type). Check Antenna/ODU installation with given guild lines. Check OD lightning arresters are connected correctly & sealed properly. Check IF cable installations meet the DAP guide lines. Check OD grounding points are well connected. Check water proofing (According to given instruction). Check Bulkhead is used efficiently & properly sealed after installation. Check indoor lightning arresters are properly installed & grounded. Check all indoor grounding points are tightened. Check IF Cable connectivity using a multi meter as described on IF cable installation guide. Check DC cable connectivity (correct polarity +/- connection to both rectifier, DCDU & INU/TX equipment sides & any physical damages to the cables). Check Earth cable connectivity & the cable sizes comply with DAP standards. Check DC Breaker capacity is matched with MW link manufacturer instructions. Check DC power connected side in the rectifier. All the TX Equipment should be connected to critical side. Measure DC/AC voltage levels & note down. Check all modules are installed in to correct slots as per the WO. Check whether all accessories available in the IDU. (Fan Cards, Dummy cards etc.) Check tightness of all installed nuts/bolts of power and TX equipment. Check correct labeling for all installed equipment’s as per the DAP standards. Switch on the link. 47


3

RECTIFIER INSTALLATION 3.1 Indoor Cabin Rectifier Installation 3.1.1

  

Placing and Mounting the Rectifier(ID)

Area should be cleaned before placing the rectifier at the given location on the work order. It should not be placed under air conditioner but should ensure suitable ventilation for removing the heat generated. For easy operation, rectifier system should be able to access from at least 2 sides. All three sites except back side is the best. It should be placed with minimum clearance to the wall/walls specified by the manufacturer.

Picture 3.1.1: sufficient clearance for operation around the rectifier

 

Rectifier should be leveled & properly mounted using anchor bolts provided with installation kit. Each installation team/Operation team must take responsibility to neat up all the cables after any installation or removal.

Picture 3.1.2: need to keep the neatness after any installation


3.1.2   



1P & 3P Power Connections (DB/SPD) (ID) 2

6mm four core cables should be used for power connection between rectifier and the main distribution panel. 32A/4p MCBs should be installed for the rectifier input at the distribution panel expecting future augmentation. If the site is supplied with single phase power, line ports of rectifier breaker at the distribution panel should be looped using short-circuit copper bars to utilize all four cores of the load cable & hence power the all module slots of the rectifier as it is connected to 3phase power supply. Power cables should be routed separately from the signaling cables, at least 30 mm away from each other, to avoid the interference & lightning damages due to induced currents. Same procedure should be followed inside cable casings & cable ducts as it is on the cable gantry.

Picture 3.1.3: Earth cables/power cables & signaling cables should be separated inside the cable casings



Must avoid any joints on power cables.




A second level protector should be installed closer to main distribution board on rectifier supply. The protector earth should be separately connected to the common ground near bulk head.

Picture 3.1.4: Level 2 protector for rectifier load installed near main DB

3.1.3   

Number of Rectifier Modules(ID)

Maximum load of the site should be catered by the total capacity of the modules. Total capacity of all modules >= 110% X (Load + (10% X BB total capacity) If there is a 3P supply, modules should be installed in to the slots in a way they balance the site load (Not the rectifier load) among all three phases.

Picture 3.1.5: Total capacity of modules (90A) marginally enough only to chargethis battery bank of 800Ah. It is not enough even for boost charge,


3.1.4  

Battery Strings Connections(ID)

Battery breaker/Fuse should be equal or greater than 125A. Cable sizes must be used according to the BB capacity. Please refer below table for battery bank cables less than 5 meter in length. Please take regional PM consent for other scenarios.

Battery capacity for one rectifier connection 200 Ah

Minimum cable size

400 600 Ah Ah Above 800 Ah

2 35mm 50mm Need take regional PM consent

25mm

2 2

Table 3.1.1: Minimum cable sizes as per the BB capacity



The connections should be tightened to torque values specified by the battery bank manufacturer using torque wrench.

3.1.5 

Rectifier Grounding(ID) 2

Rectifier chassis should be connected to the common ground using 16mm or higher earth cable. This must be done as the first thing after mounting the rectifier.

Picture 3.1.6: Rectifier grounding cable connected to rectifier chassis



Routing the grounding cable should be done as per the DAP standard described on chapter 6.2 of this document.

3.1.6    

Indoor Casings for Cable installations(ID)

PVC cable casings must be used for each and every cables laid along the cabin wall. Signaling cables should be separated as much as possible from Earth cables/power cables. All the cables should be bound to the base of the casing using indoor tie wraps. Cables in the PVC casings should not cross each other. 51


3.1.7    

Alarms Cable Installation(ID)

Prepare 2 alarm cables using standard cat 5 cables. (Cables with RJ45 connectors crimped using standard Ethernet color code at the BTS end for Huawei BTS). Alarm cables should be arranged neatly and bounded properly to the rack. Alarm cables should not be routed near any power or earth cable. Use the area described on chapter 6.2 of this document. Configure/connect rectifier alarms as per below table. Alarm O/P

Alarm

ALM 1

Rectifier Fault

ALM 2

Mains fail

ALM 3

Fuse Fail

ALM 4

Battery Deep discharge

ALM 5

Battery High Temp

Table 3.1.2: Rectifier alarms sequence

3.1.8   



BSS/TX/Other DC Load Connecting to the rectifier(ID)

Strictly follow manufacturer specifications of the equipment to select correct breaker capacity. Use below guidelines to connect loads to critical & non critical sides correctly. Critical side  MW links  Fiber nodes  Switches/Routers  Any broadband BS (LTE TDD/Wimax/Wipll/Cambium) Non Critical side 

2G nodes 3G Nodes  LTE FDD  CDMA 



Always MW links should be placed in critical side & BTSs should be on Non-critical side.

Picture 3.1.7: Critical & Non Critical loads are separated in every rectifier


 

Any rectifier breaker swapping/replacing modification with higher/lower capacities must be prier approved by the regional PM. Labeling should be done for all the cables as per the DAP standards described on chapter 7 of this document.

3.1.9   

General Settings(ID)

LVD end voltage for the critical side should be set to 43.2V. LVD end voltage for the non-critical load must be set according to the total load and the battery capacity of the site. Please take regional PM consent before adjusting. Use Recommended Settings by the battery bank manufacturer for float/boost voltages & temperature compensation settings. You may refer below table for commonly used battery banks in DAP network.

Table 3.1.3: battery bank related rectifier settings

3.1.10 Things to do Before Power up Rectifier(ID)         

Rectifier grounding cable should be tightly connected at both ends. The ground cable, AC power cables, and internal signaling cables should be correctly connected and screws should be tightened to maximum possible torque relevant to screw/bolt size. Earth cables & power cables should be laid along the paths specified on the chapter 6 of this document. Check the temperature sensors are placed correctly. One should be inside the rectifier & one should be on battery banks (between batteries). Check positive bus bar connectivity to the PGND. Check that rectifier modules are correctly installed to the module slots. Half connected modules may end up burnt. Check all the interconnections of the battery are tighten the correct torque. Check every battery strings voltage beforebank turning on the to battery breaker or plugging the battery fuse. Again check that input and output power cables and ground cables are correctly tightened to bus bars/breakers without being short circuited. 53




Check all the cables for physical damages & examine if they are neatly bound to the cable tray/supported all along the cable routing path.

3.2 Outdoor Cabin Rectifier Installation 3.2.1  

Placing and Mounting the Rectifier(OD)

Rectifier must be mounted on the top position of the outdoor cabinet rack (Picture 2.5.2). Need to keep proper clearance (at least one U) for the ventilation and routing the cables. Please adhere to the OD cabinet vendor specification if they have described on ventilation spaces.

Picture 3.2.1 typical arrangement of outdoor equipment cabinet

3.2.2    



1P & 3P Power Connections to the Rectifier (DB/SPD) (OD) 2

6mm four core cables should be used for power connection between rectifier and the outdoor distribution panel. Shield of the cable should be grounded at the distribution panel end if the underground armored cable used for this requirement. 32A/4p MCBs should be installed for the rectifier input at the distribution panel expecting future augmentation. If the site is supplied with single phase power, line ports of rectifier breaker at the distribution panel should be looped using short-circuits copper bars to utilize all four cores of the cable & hence power the all module slots of the rectifier. Power cables should be routed separately from the signaling cables, at least 30 mm away from each other, to avoid the interference & lightning damages due to induced currents




Rectifier supply must be protected using level 2 surge protector at the outdoor distribution panel.

Picture 3:2:2 Level 2 SPD installed for OD cabinet







Must avoid any joints on power cables.

3.2.3 Number of power modules(OD) Maximum load of the site should be catered by the total capacity of the modules. Total capacity of all modules >= 110% X (Load + (10% X BB total capacity) If there is a 3P supply, modules should be installed in to the slots in a way they balance the rectifier load among all three phases.

3.2.4  

Battery Strings Connections(OD)

Battery breaker/Fuse should be equal or greater than 125A. Cable sizes must be used according to the BB capacity. Please refer below table for battery bank cables less than 5 meter in length. Battery capacity for one rectifier Minimum cable size connection 2 200 Ah 25mm 2 400 Ah 35mm 600 Ah Above 800 Ah

50mm2 Need take regional PM consent

Table 3.2.1: Cable sizes as per the BB capacity


 

The battery terminals should be tightened to torque values specified by the battery bank manufacturer. Must use exactly matching tools with correct torque setting for tightening battery terminals. Damages to any battery terminal will lead to malfunctioning of entire battery bank.

3.2.5 

Rectifier Grounding(OD)

When installing a PGND cable, ensure that the terminals on the PGND cable are oriented correctly and that the screws are tightened, as shown in Fig. 04, No washers between grounding point and lug.

Picture 3.2.1 correct and incorrect terminal mounting



Use 35mm2 or higher sizes for Ground cables and Need to Ground external Grounding bus bar.

3.2.6    

Alarm Cable Installation(OD)

Prepare 2 alarm cables using standard cat 5 cables. (Cables with RJ45 connectors crimped using standard Ethernet color code at the BTS end for Huawei BTS). Cables should be arranged neatly and bounded properly to the rack. Alarm cables should be separated from power/Earth cables as much as possible. Configure/connect rectifier alarm outputs as below. Alarm O/P

Alarm

ALM 1

Rectifier Fault

ALM 2

Mains fail

ALM 3

Fuse Fail

ALM 4

Battery Deep discharge

ALM 5

Battery High Temp

Table 3.2.2: External alarm sequence

3.2.7   

BSS/TX/Other DC Power Supply(OD)

Strictly follow manufacturer specifications of the equipment to select correct breaker capacity. Use below guidelines to connect loads to critical & non critical sides correctly. Critical side  MW links  Fiber nodes  Switches/Routers  Any broadband BS (LTE TDD/Wimax/Wipll/Cambium)




Non Critical side 

2G nodes 3G Nodes  LTE FDD  CDMA 

  

Always MW links should be placed in critical side & BTS should be on Non-critical side. Any breaker swapping/replacing with higher/lower capacities must be prier approved by the regional PM. Labeling should be done for all the cables as per the DAP standards described on chapter 7 of this document.

3.2.8   

General Settings(OD)

LVD end voltage for the critical side should be set to 43.2. LVD end voltage for the non-critical load must be set according to the total load and the battery capacity of the site. Please take regional PM consent before adjusting. Use Recommended Settings by the battery bank manufacturer for float/boost voltages & temperature compensation settings. You may refer below table for commonly used battery banks in DAP network.

Table 3.2.3: battery bank related rectifier settings

3.2.9

Things to do Before Power up Rectifier(OD)



Rectifier grounding cable should be tightly connected at both ends.



The ground cable, AC power cables, and internal signaling cables should be tightly connected and all the screws to be tightened to maximum possible torque relevant to the bolt size. Earth cables & power cables should be laid along the paths specified on the chapter 6 of this document.




     

Check positive bus bar connectivity to the PGND. Check that rectifier modules are correctly installed to the module slots. Half connected modules may end up burnt. Check all the interconnections of the battery bank are tighten to the correct torque. Check the battery bank voltage before turning on the battery breaker or plugging the battery fuse. Again check that input and output power cables and ground cables are correctly connected without being short circuited. Check all the cables for external damages & examine if they are neatly bound to the cable tray/support, all along the cable routing path.


4

BATTERY BANK INSTALLATION 4.1 Indoor Cabin battery bank Installation 4.1.1



Battery Rack Mounting & Placing(ID)

Clean the area before begin installation.

Picture 4.1.1: area not cleaned before beginning the installation

 

Avoid any air conditioners on top of the battery bank when selecting the place. Keep the battery bank as close as possible to the rectifier to avoid voltage drop & heat dissipation in BB cables.

Picture 4.1.2: BB & rectifier placed closely


4.1.2   

4.1.3 

Battery placing and inter connections(ID)

Place the batteries as per the instruction manual of the battery manufacturer. Keep at least 10mm gap between batteries to cater proper ventilation if not specified on the installation manual. Tightening the battery terminals should follow the manufacturer specifications (Torque setting in Nm) & must use torque wrench.

Casings for Battery Strings/cables(ID)

Battery bank cables should be routed through PVC casings on wall area.

Table 4.1.3: Battery cables should be laid via PVC casings

 

Earth cables & DC power cables must be separated as much as possible inside the casing. Cables should be bound to the casing base using indoor cable ties.

4.1.4  

Battery Strings connections(ID)

Must use standard colors for battery bank cables. Blue for – polarity & Black for + polarity. Must apply grease provided with installation kit on the terminals after fixing to avoid any corrosion.

Picture 4.1.4: grease applied for corrosion protection



Must be labeled as per the DAP standards described chapter 7 on this document

 

Power cables should be laid separately from the earth cables as much as possible. If the interconnection cables are not provided with installation kit, interconnection cables must be made under the guide lines described on chapter 1.13 of this document.


4.1.5

Rack Grounding(ID) 2



All the battery racks should be connected to common ground using 16mm or higher grounding cables.





Check again, all the battery terminals are tightened to the torque values specified by the battery bank manufacturer. Temperature sensors should be in place. Any physical damages to interconnection cables or battery bank cables. Check the physical status of each battery, if they are free of damages/cracks, and experience no



leakage. Check the battery string voltages, string by string. Should be around 48V.

4.1.6

 

Things to do before connecting to rectifier(ID)

4.2 Outdoor Cabin battery bank Installation 4.2.1  

Battery placing and inter connections(OD)

Install Battery banks at the bottom of the outdoor cabin and away from heat sources as much as possible. Keep proper clearance between batteries according to the BB manufacturers Specification.

Picture 4.2.1: keep the manufacturer specified clearance between batteries for ventilation



Tighten the connections according to the specified torque values by the manufacturer.


4.2.2 

  

4.2.3 

Battery Cable Laying from OD battery cabinet to equipment cabin. (OD)

Cables between two cabinets should be routed through PVC casings/Gi flexibles & the casings must be sealed as much as possible. GI flexible must be connected to common ground at one end. Cables should be labeled as per DAP labeling guide on this document. Joints on any DC power cable are not accepted. Finishing of the battery bank cable terminals should comply with the guide lines on chapter 1.13 of this document.

Battery Strings c onnections(OD)

Must use standard colors for battery bank cables. Blue for – polarity & Black for + polarity.

Picture 4.2.2: standard colors for correct polarity, Red for Positive

  

Must be labeled as per the DAP standards described chapter 7 on this document Power cables should be laid separately from the earth cables as much as possible. If the interconnection cables are not provided with installation kit, interconnection cables must be made under the guide lines described on chapter 1.13 of this document

4.2.4     

Things to do before connecting to the rectifier(OD)

Check again, all the battery terminals are tightened to the torque values specified by the battery bank manufacturer. Temperature sensors should be in place. Any physical damages to interconnection cables or battery bank cables. Check the physical status of each battery, if they are free of damages/cracks, and experience no leakage. Check the battery string voltages, string by string. Should be around 48V.


5

WATERPROOFING/WEATHERPROOFING 5.1 Why Waterproofing/Weatherproofing.

   

Moisture build up within the RF/IF connectors can wreak havoc on a system’s performance. The coaxial cable’s dielectric is typically made of open-cell foam, which can act like a sponge, absorbing and retaining moisture. Moisture encourages corrosion around the connector, potentially leading to a scenario where RF signals inadvertently mix and generate passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion. PIM can interfere with neighboring frequencies, prompting a host of legal and regulatory headaches for the operator. Also it will generate high VSWR values and damage transmitter equipment at some point.

Picture 5.1.1: RF cable damaged by moisture.

5.2 Common procedure for outdoor RF/IF connector water proofing. 

 



Step 1- Vinyl insulation tapes should apply as the first layer. It should be wrapped from top to Bottom to avoid draining water inward if the mastic/Rubber tape layer is damaged at any position and water leaked in to the seal. Step 2- Then 2 layers of mastic/Scotch, typically made of butyl rubber should be applied. This layer should form a seal against water intrusion, completely covering the connector/joint. Step 3- then 2 layers of Vinyl tape should be applied to secure the mastic in place and protect it from UV rays. This wrapping also should begin from the top and end on bottom side of the connection. The end product should look like a smooth, round bump on the cable. Finally a tie wrap tighten at both ends of the sealing can ensure stability of vinyl tape edge.

Picture 5.2.1: Waterproofing steps for Sandwich Mastic layer method.




Properly wrapping connections with tape and mastic (left of below pic) requires skill. If done poorly (center and right, mastic layer was skipped) water can seep in, potentially resulting in service outages.

Picture 5.2.2: Correct and incorrectly done water proofing

Picture 5.2.3: RF jumper termination points waterproofed

5.3 Cellular Antenna/RRU unused ports waterproofing  

First unused ports of the Cellular antennas/RRUs should be covered with the dust proof cap initially provided with the antenna or RRU. Then it should be sealed as per above 5.2 guidelines.

5.4 TX Waveguides waterproofing  

Need to seal the waveguide ends with PVC tape & 3M rubber tape as per the same guide lines on 5.2. Silicon must be used in addition in waveguide scenario. Because, applying vinyl tape may not cover whole interface between waveguide & Radio or Waveguide & antenna as it is not a regular shape like RF/IF connector. So the screw tightening area of the face plate can be covered using silicon.


Picture 5.4.1: waveguides sealed at connecting points



Unused ports of MW couplers should be sealed using cover plates or the method accepted by the manufacturer.

Picture 5.4.2: cover plate used for covering unused coupler port


5.5 RF/IF Connectors waterproofing 

Follow the SAME guidelines on chapter 5.2 for waterproofing all the outdoor cable termination points.

Picture 5.5.1: IF connector with surge arrester sealed using mastic sandwich (left) & mastic S. + silicon (right)



Special care should be taken & the gap between IF cable & the grounding cable coming out from the surge arrester should be filled up when applying rubber tape to prevent moisture from entering through the gap.

5.6 RF/IF Cable Grounding points waterproofing   

Grounding kit should be fixed in a way that the grounding cable comes out from bottom end of the water seal after completion. Follow the guide lines on section 5.2 for applying mastic sandwich waterproofing. Special care should be taken & the gap between IF/RF cable & the grounding cable coming out from the surge arrester should be filled up when applying rubber tape to prevent moisture from entering through the gap.

Picture 5.6.1: RF & IF grounding points sealed using mastic sandwich method


5.7 PVC/flexible conduit joints 

Same guidelines described on Section 5.2 can be applied. We can use thinner mastic/rubber tape layer for this joints.

Picture 5.7.1: conduit joints waterproofed

5.8 Water draining methods for fiber cable installation via PVC 

T junctions should be installed near the cable bend & near the bulk head on horizontal cable ladder for draining water collecting inside PVC conduits.

Picture 5.8.1: T junctions installed on fiber conduits for draining water collecting inside the PVC conduit

5.9 Bulkhead Sealing   

Bulk head should be sealed after finishing any installation to prevent insects from entering the equipment cabin. Silicon can be applied for sealing the bulk head. Heat shrinking sleeves should be used for the RF cables.

Picture 5.9.1: Bulk head sealed using silicon/heat shrink sleeves.


5.10 Cable inlets/outlets sealing methods for outdoor cabinet cable inlets. 

All the cable entry points should be sealed using mastic tapes/silicon and need to ensure any insect cannot enter the equipment cabinet.

Picture 5.10.1: Cable inlets weatherproofing for outdoor cabinet cable inlets

5.11 Unused cable entry points Sealing(Outdoor cabinets) 

Unused cable entry points should be sealed using srcinal rubber bushes whenever possible. If not apply silicon and seal all the holes to prevent insects from entering cabin.

Picture 5.11.1: Cable inlets closed using srcinal rubber bushes


6  

MAINTAINING THE CABLE LADDER/GANTRY & THE BULKHEAD This is a limited resource & every installation team must take responsibility to use the cable ladders efficiently allowing next, installations/upgrades do easily. Keeping the neatness on the cable tray installation express the quality of the entire installation, always.

6.1 Outdoor Cable Ladder  

Any cable should not cross over other cables. All the cables should be tightly bound using either cable clamps or UV protected cable ties. Cables used for separate technologies should be clustered separately.



IF cables should be laid separately for each link. I.e. Not in a bunch.



Picture 6.1.1: first user has installed cables efficiently

6.2 Indoor Cable Gantry Installation Procedure 

Please follow below order for installing different types of cables on the indoor cable ladder. Beginning from the wall side.  Area 1-All the Earth cables must be routed near to the wall. 

Area 2-RF cables if available



Area 2-Then the DC power cables



Area 3-Fiber cables



Area 4-Other Signaling cables(Ethernet/PCM/Alarm)

Picture 6.2.1: areas for installing different types of cables on the cable ladder


  

All the cables should be routed in straight lines & should be bound to the cable tray using suitable (to the size of the cable) indoor cable ties. All the cable ties should be correctly cut off using tie wrap tightening tool to avoid any damages to hands from sharp tie wrap edges. This way we can keep the good look of the installation & also avoid lightning damages to sensitive electronic devices from induced currents on signaling cables.

6.3 Bulk Head 

Need to begin the cable installation from near most side of the bulk head to the cabin wall. This will ease up the next installations/upgrades always.  If the bulk head is on left side:-

Bulk head

Equipment Cabin

Picture 6.3.1: where to begin when bulk on left side



If the bulk head is on right side:

Bulk head Equipment Cabin

Picture 6.3.2: where to begin when bulk on right s ide



Usually IF cables are installed on separate plate other than RF/Fiber/ Power cables

RF Power Fiber

IF Cable 70




Installer may use bulk head in order shown on below picture. Imagine this bulk head is near to the left wall.

Picture 6.3.5: order to use the bulk head



All the holes/gaps should be sealed up as per the DAP guide lines explained on the chapter 5.9 of this document.

6.4 Outdoor Cabin inlets & Outlets 

The inner most cable inlet must be used first to ease up next installation. Always should use the suitable cable entry point according to the cable size. Cables installed through larger size cable entry points will lead to unwanted gaps & will always make weatherproofing very hard. All the cable entry points should be sealed as per the DAP standards on chapter 5.10 on this document. Unused cable entry points should be closed using srcinal rubber bushes provided by the outdoor cabinet manufacturer.



 

6.5 Using correct conduit type & fastening method 

Follow the below table for selecting correct conduit type or fastening method for power cable installation.

Cable

Indoor Cable

Cabin

Type

Ladder

Wall

AC Power Cable Earth

X Cable tie

Cable

Casing

Inside the Equipment

Out Door

Flexible Conduit (Ex: Rec

PVC Conduit

mains cable) Casing

Cable tie

or clip

DC Cable

Cable tie

Casing

Conduit-(Ex: For Air conditioner Earth Cable)

Cable tie

PVC Conduit-(Ex: connect two outdoor cabinet)

Battery

Cable tie

Casing

Cable tie

Cable

PVC Conduit-(Ex: To connect two outdoor cabinet)

Table 6.5.1: Conduit types for different power cable installations.


7 

Item Cat. Rectifier

BSS

EQUIPMENT LABELING Please follow below table for DAP Labeling standards.

Description

Label Area

Label format

Example

Rectifier Name

Rectifier/ACDB Breaker/SPD

REC 1, REC 2

Rectifier to DCDU 1 (-48V)

Rectifier/DCDU End DC power cable

DCDU-1(-)

Rectifier to DCDU 1 (+48V )

Rectifier/DCDU End DC power cable

DCDU-1(+)

BB Name

Battery Bank

Battery Bank 1

Rectifier to BB 1 (-48V)

Rectifier/BB End DC power cable

BATT -1(-)

Rectifier to BB 1 (+48V) Grounding cable Rectifier to ACDB

Rectifier/BB End DC power cable

BATT -1(+)

Rectifier grounding cable

GND

AC cable

AC Input - 230V

EXT Alarm

External Alarm Cable

Alarm 1, Alarm 2

Rectifier to BTS (-48V)

BTS/Rectifier DC cable

Technology (-48V) Ex:-CDMA (-48V)

CDMA (-48V)

Rectifier to BTS (+48V)

BTS/Rectifier DC cable

Technology (+48V) Ex:-CDMA (+48V)

CDMA (+48V)

BBU(DCS/FDD)

BBU Name

BBU

BBU (Technology) Ex:- BBU(GSM) BBU( Technology/Technology) Ex:BBU(DCS/FDD)

BBU to DCDU

BBU/DCDU End DC cable

BBU PWR (Technology) Ex:- BBU PWR(GSM)

BBU PWR(GSM)

RRU to DCDU

RRU/DCDU End DC cable

BBU to RRU Fiber Cable

Fiber cable

RRU Name

RRU

BBU to DDF E1 Cable

E1 cable

REC 1 DCDU-1(-)

DCDU-1(+)

{Technology} Sec{} {RRU Number} Ex:- GSM Sec -1 (RRU1) {Technology} E1 Cable - {E1 Number} Ex:- GSM E1 Cable - 1 ETH {Technology} ({Switch/MW Link} -

BBU ETH Cable

ETH Cable

{FE/GE} -{Port Number}) Ex:- ETH - 3G (SW3400 - FE -2)

GPS Antenna Cable

GPS Cable

GPS - {Technology} Ex:- GPS - CDMA

Battery Bank 1 BATT -1(-) BATT -1(+) GND AC Input - 230V Alarm 1

GSM Sec -1 (RRU1)

GSM E1 Cable - 1 ETH - 3G (SW3400 FE -2) GPS - CDMA


BTS RF Cable

BSS Cont.

Cellular Antenna Antenna Jumper Cable

RF Cable

{Technology} Sec{Sec Number} {A/B} Ex:- GSM Sec - 1 A

GSM Sec - 1 A

GSM Sec -1 /1

Antenna

{Technology} Sec{Sec Number} / {Antenna Number(1/2/3)} Ex:- GSM Sec -1 /1

GSM Sec -1 A

Jumper Cable

{Technology} Sec -{Sec Number} {Antenna Port(A/B)} Ex:- GSM Sec -1 A {Technology/Technology} Sec-{Sector

Combiner Name

Combiner

Number} Port {A/B} Ex:- DCS/3G Sec - 1 A

DCS/3G Sec - 1 A

MW

Link Reference

19' Rack

MW Rack

19' Rack

Rack 1 , Rack 2 {Far End Name} {(Product Name)} PWR {A/B}

. IDU DC power cable

Rack 1 Kottawa (Eri_400)

IDU power Cable

Ex:- Kottawa (RTN_950) PWR A Kottawa (Eri_400) PWR A

PWR A

IF cable Near (ODU/IDU/Arrester)

{Far End Name} {Primary(1)/Secondary(2)} {V/H} Ex:- Kottawa - 1 (V) Kottawa -2 (V)

Kottawa - 1 (V)

NMS Cable

MW link Management Cable

NMS {Connecting Device}_{Switch/Link port} Ex:- NMS Kottawa_ SW3400 - FE0/6 NMS Kottawa_RTN_910 - EXT

Antenna

MW Antenna

{Far End Name}

ODU Name

ODU or Coupler

ODU {Primary -1} , ODU {Primary -2}

IF cable

Outdoor Labels

NMS Kottawa_RTN_910 - EXT Kottawa ODU 1

Cellular and MW Antennas

Antennas

Dialog Logo


7.1 Examples for labeling positions 7.1.1

BSS outdoor

Table 7.1.1: Outdoor BSS equipment labeling

7.1.2

Rectifier

Picture 7.1.2: Labeling the cables coming out from the rectifier


7.1.3

MW antenna/ODU Labeling

Picture 7.1.3: Labels on MW antenna/ODU & IF cable

7.1.4

19” rack labeling

Picture 7.1.4:Labeling locations for 19” rack. All the BBUs & INU/IDUs should be labeled.


8

GENARAL SAFETY PROCEDURES

Safety precautions need to be taken during installation and operation of any the telecommunication equipment (i) When installing the device always make the ground connection first. When removing the device remove the ground connection at the end. (ii) Do not block ventilation cavities of the working devices during installation or maintenance of other devices (iii) Avoid any operation/installation during lightning strikes. (iv) Do not look directly into the optical port to prevent the injuries to your eyes from laser rays. (v) When handling power related operational activities, do not wear conductive articles, such as watches, hand chains, bracelets and rings. (vi) Proper grounding of the devices is a must before power on. (vii) Before installing or removing the power cable, turn off the power switches & disconnect the cable from the power source end whenever possible. (viii) Before connecting the power cable, confirm that the power cable and label comply with the requirements of the actual installation (ix) If a fuse is to be replaced, the new fuse shall be of the same type and specifications. (x) The static electricity generated by the human body may damage the electrostatic sensitive components on the circuit board. Before touching the device, hand-operating parts, circuit boards, wear a grounded electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap. (xi) Wearing an ESD wrist strap

Picture 8.1.1: grounded electrostatic discharge (ESD) wrist strap


9

ABBREVIATIONS #

Abbreviations

Meaning.

1

3G

3rd Generation

2

BB

Battery Bank

3

BBU

Base Band Unit

4

BS

Base Station

5

BSS

Base station Subsystem

6

CDMA

Code Division Multiple Access

7

DAP

Dialog Axiata PLC

8

DC

Direct Current

9

DCDU

DC Distribution Unit

10

DCS

Digital Cellular System(1800 Mhz band)

11

DNS

Dialog Network Services

12

ECB

Earth Connecting Bus bar

13

ESD

Electrostatic Discharge

14

Eth

Ethernet

15

EXT

External

16

FDD

Frequency Division Duplexing

17

FE

Far End

18

GI

Galvanized Iron

19

GND

Ground

20

GSM

Global System for Mobile Communication

21

H

Horizontal

22

HD

Heavy Duty

23

IDU

Indoor Unit

24

IF

Intermediate Frequency

25

INU

Indoor Node Unit

26

LTE

Long Term Evolution

27

MW

Micro Wave

28

NE

Near End

29

NMS

Network Management System

30

ODU

Out Door Unit

31

PDU

Power Distribution Unit

32

PGND

Power Grounding

33

PVC

Poly Vinyl Chloride

34

PWR

Power

35

RF

Radio Frequency

36 37

RRU RT

Remote Radio Unit Roof Top

38

Sec

Sector

39

SFP

Small Form-factor Pluggable 77


40

SLS

Sri Lanka Standards

41

TDD

Time Division Duplexing

42

TMA

Tower Mounted Amplifier

44

TX

Transmission

45

UV

Ultra Violet

46

V

Vertical

47

WCDMA

Wideband Code Division Multiple Access

48

WO

Work order


Installation Guide-2015 Edition

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