Informe de Laboratorio 02 Determinacion de La Constante de Planck y El Efecto Fotoelectrico

EXPERIENCIA #2 DETERMINACIÓN DE LA CONSTANTE DE LA PLANCK, EFECTO FOTOELÉCTRICO

DANIEL ESTEBAN FIGUEROA 1  T00021927 HERNANDO RUEDA MARTÍNE 2 T000!"7"0 RICARDO GÓME OLIEROS ! T000!$%%!  ARON &UIRO FUENTES" 'L2( T000!"72$  ANTONIO MEDINA LLANES$ T000!$72)

FÍSICA III GRUPO L1 SUBGRUPO B PROFESOR* HERNANDO ALTAMAR MERCADO FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA PROGRAMAS DE INGENIERÍA INDUSTRIAL 1,!, $ INGENIERÍA CIIL 2 INGENIERÍA DE SISTEMAS " UNIERSIDAD TECNOLÓGICA DE BOLÍAR BOLÍAR CARTAGENA DE INDIAS D+T 200)201$

OB-ETIOS

OBJETIVOS GENERALES • •

•  •

C./.3456 8: ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54.+ M85 :3 >?3 45=<543 8 :.@ ;.<.:4<.@  ;456 8 :3 ;4453 8 :3 :+ D</53 :3 4.@<3< 8 Planck h. D/.@<3 :3 588453 8 :3 >?3 45=<543 8 :.@ :4<.@ @4<. 8 :3 5<@5838 8 :3 :+

OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS •

•

•

D</53 :3 88453 8: .<453: 8 ;38. @4<. 8 :3 5<@5838 8 :3 3853456 5458<+ M85 :3 >?3 45=<543 8 :.@ :4<.@  : ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54. 4./. 3 ;456 8 :3 ;4453 8 :3 3853456+ M.@<3  :3 >?3 45=<543 8 :.@ :4<.@ @ 5885< 8 :3 5<@5838 8 :3 3853456+

MARCO TEÓRICO L3 /5@56 8 :4<.@   /3<53: 3:43:5. . 34456 8 :3 : @ 8./53 E;4<. F.<.:=4<54.+ P. :3 :54346 <6543 8 @< ;6/. A:< E5@<5, 4556 : /5. N.:  1921  . @ 4.<5456 5/<3: R.< A8 M5::53 :. .<.  192!+ E 190$ A:< E5@<5 .@. 3 :543456  :345.3 :3 ;./3 4./. 88 :3 /5@56 ;.<.:=4<543 8 :3 ;4453 8 3853456+ E5@<5 @>556  :.@ :4<.@ :5@,  @ 5<34456 4. :3 3853456 :4<./3>=<543, @ 4./.<3  :3 ;./3 .@<3 . M3 P:34, 33 :.@ .@45:38.@ 3<6/54.@  :3456 4. :3 3853456 8 4. >., @>J :3 43: 4383 .@45:38. 8 3@. . /5<5 3 43<5838 8 >?3 85@4<3, . 43<. 8 >?3 .@<5./< ::3/38. F.<6+ L3 43456  ..45.3 :3 >?3 8  43<. @  E= h ν

E :3 43:, E @ :3 >?3 3@.583 . /5<583  4383 .4@.,  3 4.@<3< 8 ..45.3:5838 '.@<5./< ::3/383 4.@<3< 8 P:34,   %+%2$  10!"-  @ (,  :3 ;4453 8 3853456 :4<./3>=<543+ P. 4.@5>5<   4 Q , 8.8 4  !  10)/@, @ :3 :.45838 8 :3 3853456 5458<  Q @ :.>5<8

8 .83 4.@.85<+ P33 E5@<5 438.  ;.<6 5458 @. 3 @;545 /<:543 3:43:53 8 <3@/5<5 >?3 @;545< 3  :4<6 33  @ :3 33 8 >?3 .<453: 8 :3 @;545  @ :5 8: /<3:+ L3 >?3 8 ;.<6  8 @ /3. . 5>3:  :3 ;456 8 <33. 0, :3 43: @ :3 /?5/3 >?3  4@5<3  :4<6 33 .8 @433 8: /<3:, @ 845    0+ E @< 43@., .  0  , @ ::3/383 :3 ;4453 /3:+ E@<3 ;4453 /?5/3 @ 54./3<5: 4. :3 <.?3 .8:3<.53, @, 43:53  @3 :3 ;4453 8 :3 3853456 @5/ 3 8 @ .@5: 3 /5@56 :4<6543 4. 3 5:/53456 @;545</< 5<@3, @>J :3 <.?3 4:@543+ D 348. 4. :. 3<5.,   0  1 2 /2 M3+ D.8 1 2/2 M3 @ :3 >?3 45=<543 8: :4<6 8@858. 8: /<3:+ E@<3 43456 @ :3 4=: 43456 8 E5@<5 8: ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54.+ L3 E>?3 8 :.@ :4<.@ /5<58.@ 3/<3 :53:/< 4. :3 ;4453, . @ 5885< 8 :3 5<@5838 8 :3 :+ P33 ;4<.@ 5/<3:@ @ /:3 3 ;.<.4=::3  @ 4./. 8 3 :343 ;.<. /5@53 ::3/383 4<.8.   V.8. 4.:4<. 8 43>3+ C38. : 4<.8. @ . 3 3 : 8 ;4453  /3.  :3 ;4453 /3: 0 @ .84 3 4.5<  : 4545<. 8 :3 ;.<.4=::3  8 @ 3:383 3453: . <.<3:/< .  .<453: 8 ;38. 0, 3:5438. 3: V.8., <3: * 0  1 2 /2 M3+  D <3: ;./3  438. :3 4.5< @ 34 5>3: 3 4.  : 4545<. 8 :3 ;.<. 4:83, :3 43456 @ <3@;./3  :3 @5>5< @56*   0  0+

MONTAJE

a) L/33 8 /45.  >3 :3@ .83@ :4<./3>=<543@  ;./3 8 : 5@5:  4.<5 85;<@ :.>5<8@ 8 .83+ b) D53;3>/3 8 55@  >:3 :3 5<@5838 8 :3 :+ c) L<  ;.43 :3 : 3  @.:. <.+ d) D5@4.  4.<5 :.@ ;5:<.@  34 3@3 :3 : /5<583 . :3 :/33 4. 3 8</5383 :.>5<8 8 .83 3 :3 :343 /<:543,  @< @ 4..4 :3@ :.>5<8@ 8 .83+ e) C5:58.  4.<5 3 :343 /<:543 8.8 .4 : ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54. : 43: :3@ .83@ :4<./3>=<543@ 3 3 85;< :.>5<8 8 .83 ..43 : 8@85/5<. 8 :4<.@  @<3 :343, .43@5.38. 3 4.5< :4<543+ f) M5:?/<. 33:6>54. : 43: /58 :3 4.5< :=4<543 >383  :3 :343 /<:543 . : ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54.+

DATOS EXPERIMENTALES

S 458 :3 :/33 8 /45., @ 3@<3 : 853>3/3 8 55@ 3  <3/3W. . / >38 8 <3: ;./3  @ > 3 /343 :. @;545</< 4<5: 4./. 33 ::>3 3: .<. </. 8 /33 ;545<+ L>. @ .48 3 3@<3  :3 83 8 ;5:<.@ 33 ::>3 3 :3 :.>5<8 8 .83 8</5383+ E @< <. :.@ :4<.@ 8 :3 :343 8 8@8@  @ >5@<38.@ . : /:3 3 :.>5<8 8 .83 85@<5<3  @ 3.<3 :.@ .@ 83<.@+ U3   @ 3 .38. 4. <.8.@ :.@ ;5:<.@ 58.@ . :3 >?3 5/<3:, @ 3@<3 : 853>3/3 8 55@  @ 3:53 :.@ /5@/.@ 3@.@+ E <.<3:, @ 3:53. <@ @@5.@ 4. <3/3W.@ 85;<@ 8: 853>3/3 8 55@ 4. 43<. ;5:<.@ 85;<@+

ANÁLISIS DE DATOS. PREGUNTAS* 1( NOTA* A4:33/.@   @< 5/<. @ @<6 54.5<@ 3: /./<. 8 :3 /85456 858. 3  @<33 ;3::38. 3:>3 3< 8: 4545<. 8 :3 5453, @<. @ ;:33 3: /./<. 8 :3 /85456  @< ; @<. 3 : @.3: 43>38. 8: :3.3<.5. 5 3;5/.  3?3 ;3::.@, . @ ::6 3 <=/5. :3 5453, . .8?3/.@ @<3  3:<. /3> 8 .  :3@ /8583@, . <3: /.<5. @ 3  8@3.::. 585583: 3 4383 5<@5838 '3<3 8: 853;3>/3(+ E :.@ @:<38.@ .<58.@  @<3 5453 85/.@ 4.4:5  :3 <@56 . 3533  4383 . 8 :.@ :<@ 3: /./<. 8 43/53 :3 5<@5838 8 :3 :  ::>33 3 :3 4:83 ;.<.:=4<543, @<. 58543  :3 5<@5838 8 :3 : @ <.<3:/< 5885< 3  @ :: 3 43. : ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54., @ 845  :3 <@56 . 3?3 @5 @ 3/<3 . 85@/53 :3 5<@5838   8</538. ;5:<. 4. @ @4<53 :.>5<8 8 .83+ 2( GRAFICA 1* INTENSIDAD 1 CON APERTURA MÍNIMA DEL DIAFRAGMA DE IRIS P5/3 3<3 COLOR Q/  A/35::. 8  A: 5.:<3

$7) $"% "!% "0$

Q/ '4Q( U0'( $,7)E07 $,19E1" 0,7"0 $,"%E07 $,"9E1" 0,9"0 ",!%E07 %,))E1" 1,200 ",0$E07 7,"1E1" 1,!00

GRAFICA 2* INTENSIDAD 2 CON APERTURA MEDIA DEL DIAFRAGMA DE IRIS S>83 3<3 COLOR  A/35::. 8  A: 5.:<3

Q/ Q/ '4Q( U0'( $7) $,7)E07 $,19E1" 0,)00 $"% $,"%E07 $,"9E1" 0,)"0 "!% ",!%E07 %,))E1" 1,2$0 "0$ ",0$E07 7,"1E1" 1,!20

GRAFICA !* INTENSIDAD ! CON APERTURA MYXIMO DEL DIAFRAGMA DE IRIS

T43 3<3 COLOR Q/  A/35::. 8  A: 5.:<3

$7) $"% "!% "0$

Q/ '4Q( U0'( $,7)E07 $,19E1" 0,9%0 $,"%E07 $,"9E1" 1,1$0 ",!%E07 %,))E1" 1,"$0 ",0$E07 7,"1E1" 1,$00

!( 3:. 8 :3 85<  : 5<4<.  U. S>J :3 43456 8: 853>3/3 8 85@@56 33 3/.@ 43@.@ '85;< 5<@5838(+ INTENSIDAD 1

:

y = 2E-15x - 0,4024 R² = 0,955 

E<.4@ :3 85< 8 :3 4<3 8 85@@56 33 @< 43@. @?3 m=2E-15  : 4.< 4. :  8 U. @53  - 0,4024 INTENSIDAD 2* y = 3E-15x - 0,5166 R² = 0,9874 E<.4@ :3 85< 8 :3 4<3 8 85@@56 33 @< 43@. @?3 m=3E-15  : 4.< 4. :  8 U. @53  - 0,5166 

INTENSIDAD !* y = 2E-15x - 0,1885R² = 0,9502  E<.4@ :3 85< 8 :3 4<3 8 85@@56 33 @< 43@. @?3 m=2E-15  : 4.< 4. :  8 U. @53  - 0,1885 

Z /3</<543/< .<5/.@ : 3:. 8 :3 85<  : 3:. 8: 4.<  :  U0 h W   h W  V o=  v −   donde  es la pendiente y− es elcorte con eleje U o e e e e

 A:543/.@ :3 @5>5< ;6/:3 33 3/.@ 43@.@, 5/. :543/.@ 33 :3 INTENSIDAD 1* CON EL DIAFRAGMA DE IRIS CON APERTURA MÍNIMA

L>. 4. :3 .<456 8 :3 4.@<3< 8 P:34 E5/<3: 43:4:3/.@ : . 4. :3 @5>5< 43456*

|

 ERROR =

|

 E . TEORICO− E . EXPERIMENT! ∗100  E .TEORICO

R3:53/.@ 3 <3:3 4. :.@ 83<.@ 33 .8 3:543 :3 ;./:3 

 1 2 ! "

S/3<.53

 $,19E1" 0,7"0 $,"9E1" 0,9"0 %,))E1" 1,200 7,"1E1" 1,!00 2,$0E1$ ",1)E00

[2 2,%9E29 !,02E29 ",7!E29 $,"9E29 1,$9E!0

[2 $,")E01 ),)"E01 1,""E00 1,%9E00 ",$%E00

\ !,)"E1" $,1%E1" ),2%E1" 9,%!E1" 2,%9E1$

Z 3:5438. :3@ 4345.@ @ .<. , 4..458. :3 43>3 8: :4<6 @ 8 1+%02E19C, .</.@ :3 4.@<3< 8 P:34  : <33. 33 : 43@.* INTENSIDAD 1 P33 3::3   2,!2E1$

! "#$%E&"' J(

P33 3::3   ",02E01

*! +#''E&,-

E: /5@/. .4@. @ 3:56 33 : 43@. 8 INTENSIDAD 2  !] @ .<.*

INTENSIDAD 2 

 1 2 ! "

 $,19E1" 0,)00 $,"9E1" 0,)"0 %,))E1" 1,2$0 7,"1E1" 1,!20 2,$0E1$ ",21E00

S/3<.53

[2 2,%9E29 !,02E29 ",7!E29 $,"9E29 1,$9E!0

P33 3::3   2,$1E1$

! '#-"E&"'J(

P33 3::3   $,17E01

*!

[2 %,"0E01 7,0%E01 1,$%E00 1,7"E00 ",%$E00

\ ",1$E1" ",%2E1" ),%0E1" 9,7)E1" 2,71E1$

[2 9,22E01 1,!2E00 2,10E00 2,2$E00 %,%0E00

\ ",9)E1" %,!2E1" 9,9)E1" 1,11E1$ !,2"E1$

&#,$E&,-

INTENSIDAD ! 

 1 2 ! "

S/3<.53

 $,19E1" 0,9%0 $,"9E1" 1,1$0 %,))E1" 1,"$0 7,"1E1" 1,$00 2,$0E1$ $,0%E00

[2 2,%9E29 !,02E29 ",7!E29 $,"9E29 1,$9E!0

P33 3::3   2,!!E1$

! "#$"E&"'J(

P33 3::3   1,))E01

*! &"#-,E&,-

 A.3, 43:4:3/.@ : /3> 8 . 33 4383 INTENSIDAD*

|

 ERROR =

|

 E . TEORICO− E . EXPERIMENT! ∗100  E .TEORICO

 T654.  E1  E2  E!

%,%2E!" "!,90^ !9,1)^ "!,%%^

 A3:538. : /3> 8 . .<58.  4383 43@., .8/.@ 845  : 5453: ;34<. . : 43: @ .43@5.3  /3> 8 . :38., @ 3 ;3::3 33<  : 4545<. 8: /.<3 8 @<3 5453, : 43: ; @5@38. .  : 43>38. 8: :3.3<.5.  3;5/. @ 5@<453+ S .@ 5;./6  @ ::33 3 43. @<3 4<543   @ 833 4.@<3453  @< 5;./ <3:@ 4.@  3;4<3. 4.@583:/< :3 .<456 8 :.@ 83<.@ 5/<3:@+ P33 @3 :3 ;4453 8 4.< . ;4453 /3:, 34/.@  ':  8 :3 <@56 U.( 5>3: 3 0 .  @< <. @ 8.8 . .4 : ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54.+ INTENSIDAD 1

:

y = 2E-15x - 0,4024 :3 ;4453 /3: @ 2.012E+14

INTENSIDAD 2* y = 3E-15x - 0,5166 :3 ;4453 /3: @1.722E+14 INTENSIDAD !* y = 2E-15x - 0,1885 :3 ;4453 /3: @9.2425E+13  A.3 3::3/.@ :3 ;456 <33. 8: /<3: @38.  :3 4:83 ;.<.:=4<543 h v

∅= ∗ r h

E 4383 43@. @?3* −19

INTENSIDAD 1*

∅=1.334∗10

INTENSIDAD 2*

∅=1.141∗10

INTENSIDAD !*

−19

−20

∅=6.125∗10

CONCL/SIONES

eV 

eV 

eV 

E :3 4<543 8 :3.3<.5. @ 8/.@<6 :3 4.@<3< 8 P:34  : ;4<. ;.<.:=4<54.,  : 43: @ @33 3 :/33 8 /45.  3: 3@3 :3 : /..4./<543 .  853>3/3 8 55@,  :<  3 83 4. ;5:<.@ 8 5<;453 3@<3 ::>3 3 3 4:83 ;.<.:=4<543 8 .<3@5.  : 43: 3: 5/34<3  :3@ 33  @ >5@<33  : /:. 8 @<. .@3/.@  :3 >?3 45=<543 8 :.@ :4<.@ 88 8 :3 ;4453 8 :3 : 5458<  . 8 :3 5<@5838, 3  3: 845 :3 5<@5838 . @ >5@<6  : /:3 353456 @5>5;543<53  U 0+ S .<. : 3:. 8 :3 4.@<3< 8 P:34 , 3 3<5 8 :.@ 3:.@ 8 U 0  ;456 8 :3 ;4453 + :3 353456 4. @4<. 3: 3:. <654. 8 :3 4.@<3< 8 P:34, 8 3<55@ 3 3:>J ;34<. <.  5;:.  :3 /85456 U 0+

LIN0OGRAFÍA  I>3 M, L3 C.@<3< 8 P:34  E: E;4<. F.<.:4<54., <<*@+@458+4./8.4107290!"9L3C.@<3<8P:34E:E;4<. F.<.:4<54.I;./8L3.3<.5.#@458  E;4<. F.<.:=4<54., 5/543+<3:<_5@<55@<5;4<._;.<.:4<54.;4<._;.<.:4<54.+< /  F34. A, E: E;4<. ;.<.:=4<54., @4++@@;5@543_43<5435453@;.<.:4<54.;.<.:4<54.+